DOE1NIST

FURNACE/BOILER TEST PROCEDURE

George E. Kelly

Building Environment Div.

NIST

DOE/NIST 

FURNACE/BOILER TEST PROCEDURE 

George E.. Kelly 

Building Environment Div. 

NIST 

-
ASSUMPTION :

FURNACES OR BOILERS ARE I NSTALLED

INDOORS, OUTSIDE, OR IN ISOL ATED

COMBUSTION APPLICATIONS

IF INSTALLED INDOORS, THEN JACKET

LOSSES

NO DUCT LOSSES

* NO HEAT GAIN FROM CHIMNEY VENT PIPES

ASSUMPTIONS: 

* FURNACES OR BOILERS ARE INSTALLED 

INDOORS, OUTSIDE, OR IN ISOLATED 

COMBUSTION APPLICATIONS 

* IF INSTALLED INDOORS, THEN NO JACKET 

LOSSES 

* NO DUCT LOSSES 

* NO HEAT GAIN FROM CHIMNEY OR VENT PIPES 
TEST PROCEDURES:

* MEASURE STEADY STATE EFFICIENCY

* MEASURE STEADY STATE FLUE GAS

TEMPERATURE AND C02CONCENTRATION

OBTAIN INFORMATION ON SHAPE OF F

TEMPERATURE COOL-DOWN AN D WARM-UP

PROFILES

OPTIONAL TRACER GAS TEST FOR POWER

BURNERS

TEST PROCEDURES: 

* MEASURE STEADY STATE EFFICIENCY 

* MEASURE STEADY STATE FLUE GAS 

TEMPERATURE AND CO2 CONCENTRATION 

* OBTAIN INFORMATION ON SHAPE OF FLUE GAS 

TEMPERATURE COOL-DOWN AND WARM-UP 

PROFILES 

* OPTIONAL TRACER GAS TEST FOR POWER 

BURNERS 
ASSIGNED FACTORS:

S/F THE RATIO OF-STACK MASS FLOW RATE TO FLUE MASS FLOW

RATE UNDER STEADY STATE OPERATION.

DF

DS

- THE RATIO OF FLUE MASS FLOW RATE DURING THE OFF-PERIOD

TO FLUE MASS FLOW RATE DURING THE ON-PERIOD AT IDENTICAL

TEMPERATURES.

THE RATIO OF STACK MASS FLOW RATE DURING THE OFF-PERIOD

TO STACK MASS FLOW RATE DURING THE ON -PERIOD AT IDENTICAL

TEMPERATURES.

- THE FRACTION OF COMBUSTION , RELIEF AND DRAFT AIR WHICH

CONTRIBUTES TO ADDITIONAL RESIDENTIAL INFILTRATION.

(Z + a) - THE RATIO OF FURNACE OR BOILER STEADY STATE OUTPUT TO

THE RESIDENTIAL HEAT LOSS AT THE OUTDOOR DESIGN TEMPERATURE.

DC

STACK DAMPER EFFECTIVENESS FACTOR, THE RATIO OF OFF-PERIOD

STACK MASS FLOW RATE THROUGH A CLOSED STACK DAMPER TO

OFF-PERIOD STACK MASS FLOW RATE. -

 EE-DET-94-101 COMMENT 01

ASSIGNED FACTORS: 

S/F THE RATIO OF -STACK MASS FLOW RATE TO FLUE MASS FLOW 

RATE UNDER STEADY STATE OPERATION. 

OF THE RATIO OF FLUE MASS FLOW RATE DURING THE OFF·PERIOD 

TO FLUE MASS FLOW RATE DURING THE ON-PERIOD AT IDENTICAL 

TEMPERATURES. 

Os THE RATIO OF STACK MASS FLOW RATE DURING THE OfF-PERIOD 

TO STACK MASS FLOW RATE DURING THE ON-PERIOD AT IDENTICAL 

TEMPERATURES. 

- ~ ~ THE FRACTION OF COMBUSTION, RELIEF AND DRAFT AIR WHICH 

CONTRIBUTES TO ADDITIONAL RESIDENTIAL INFILTRATION. 

(1 + a) - THE RATIO OF FURNACE OR BOILER STEADY STATE OUTPUT TO 

THE RESIDENTIAL HEAT LOSS AT THE OUTDOOR DESIGN TEMPERATURE. 

DO STACK DAMPER EFFECTIVENESS FACTOR, THE RATIO or OFF-PERIOD 

STACK MASS FLOW RATE THROUGH A CLOSED STACK DAMPER TO 

OFF-PERIOD STACK MASS flOW RATE. ' '. 
s'

NATURAL DRAFT GAS FURNACE

USING INDOOR AIR FOR

COMBUSTION AND DRAFT

CONTROL

MEASURE

TS,SS, XCDZ,S

xC ,F

 EE-DET-94-101 COMMENT 01

NATURAL DRAFT GAS FURNACE 

USING INDOOR AIR FOR 

COMBUSTION AND DRAFT 

CONTROL 

MEASURE 

T X S,SS, C02,$ l-... 'tt.J( -

I I 10-

, t ~ 

IL ~'S"re 
TF:off(t3)

FURNACES

tj = 0.5 min

t2 = 2.5 min

t3 = 1.5 min

t4 9.0 min

t5; r,

TF,off(t4) TF,off(t

BOILERS

tl = 1.0 min

t2 = 5.5 min

t3 = 3.75 min

t4=22.5^min

t5= 45 min,

 EE-DET-94-101 COMMENT 01

FURNACES BOILERS 

t, = 0.5 min tl = 1 .0 mi n 

t2 = 2.5 min t2 = 5.5 min 

t3 ;; 1.5 m; n t3 = 3.75 min 

t4 .. 9.0 min t4 = 22.S-min 

ts 'i: " ~ " ts '" 45 min 
TEST DATA

Ton = P

[

TF,SS TF,on

F - T t f

2

T

,SS Fon

+ L1/TOn

0F.0 [TF.SS - TF.on(t1)1 e

t2 - tl

similar equations

for Toff and *F,D

 EE-DET-94-101 COMMENT 01

TEST DATA 

. . -t/TOff 

lliF,Q e 

TF{S 

~----------------------------~~---r----~~~--------

"Con 

s;milar equations for Loff and ~F90 
CYCLING CONDIT)ONS

Ct,on

^F , 0

1-

TF,SS TF,off is

0F,O 'PF,0

[Tv,ss TF,off (ts

Similar equation for Ct,off

toff

Toff

ton 4 tof f

Ton Toff

 EE-DET-94-101 COMMENT 01

CYCLING CONDITIONS f ~ 

c = t,on 

e 

1 ~ ~eF_ ._o_~_r_,0_____ _(ton -+ tOff) 

1T T ~2 e Ton toff 

Lf,SS - F.off (tSj 

Similar equation for C t,off 
tom

_ r,3, SS

_(.24 )(00) )t (

O F ( S, ON = t) dt

QIN ON

F,ON

0

Ls, ss

Ks,QN(0O)(1-e

tON

TON

_ 0.24 ^ (S'/F) E 1 +RT,F(A/F) 1 (70 - 42)

LI ` ON ^ HHVA

= KI,ON(70-42)

0 FOR UNITS USING OUTDOOR COMBUSTION AIR

 EE-DET-94-101 COMMENT 01

L KS, ON (6 ) ( 1 - e -tON!'tON) = S,SS - t P,O 

ON 

'rON 

0.24 4> (SIF) [1 +RTF(A/F)] (70 - 42) L I , ON = 

HHVI. 

A 

= 0 FOR UNITS USING OUTDOOR COMBUSTION AIR 
OFF PERIOD SENSIBLE MEAT LOSS

100 x Cp

S,off

Qin x ton

mF,off (TF,off(t) - 70) dt

if no stack damper

100 x Cp

LS,off

Qin "ton

Qin x ton

,off(t ) - 70) dt

if unit employs a stack damper

OFF PERIOD INFILTRATION LOSS

L

100 0 Cp

,off

otoff toff (T

I`

off mS,off (70 - TOA) dt

For units using outdoor combustion air

 EE-DET-94-101 COMMENT 01

OFF PERIOD SENSIBLE HEAT LOSS 

if no stack damper 

LS,off = ~S,off (TS.off(t) - 70) dt 

if unit employs a stack damper 

OFF PERIOD INFILTRATION LOSS 

= 

100 ~ c· .{tOff . ---",-P- . mS ,off (70 - T OA) dt 

Q in x ton. 

= 0 For units using outdoor combustion air 
FOR UNITS USING INDOOR COMBUSTION AIR:

TF, OFF TRA

0. 56

TF, SS TRA + 530 1.19

mF, OFF DF MF, ON ( _ T

F, SS TRA TF, OFF TRA + 530

ms, OFF _ DS 'S, ON

TS, OFF TPA + 28 0.56

Ts, SS - TRA + 28

Ts,ss - TRA + 530

Ts, OFF - TRA + 5 3 0

1.19

 EE-DET-94-101 COMMENT 01

FOR UNITS USING INDOOR COMBUSTION AIR: 

TF,OFF - TRA) 0.56 ( TF,SS - TRA + 530 ) 1.19 

mF,OFF = DF mF,ON (--'------

TF,SS - TRA TF,OFF - TRA + 530 

T . - T + 28 0.56 T - T + 530 1.19 - D (S, OFF RA ) (S, SS RA ) mS , OFF = S roS, ON TS, ss - T RA + 2 B T S, OFF - T RA + 5 3 a 
PART LOAD EFFICIENCY

ton Qin t

1 00 - LL - [ LS, on + L1,

on + LS, off + L

t

1, off onQ.in + Op toff

 EE-DET-94-101 COMMENT 01

PART LOAD EFFICIENCY 

100 - L - L 
ANNUAL FUEL UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY

AFUE =

100( ^lss)( Qin}( 1 (24) (DD)

100 1.7 65 -Td

( 91ss) ( Q3n) ( 1 ) (24) (DD) + 4600 Qp

100 1.7 65 Td T,,

100

(t1,) ('lu) (5200)

(^lss) (5200) + (2. 5) (^u) ( Qp ) (1'.7) (4600)

Qin

 EEDET94101 COMMENT 01

ANNUAL FUEL UTILIZATION EFFICrENCY 

100 ( l1ss ) ( Qin ) ( 1 ) (24) (DD) 

AFUE = ____ 1_0_0 __ 1_. _7 __ 6_5_-_Td~ ____ ____ 

( 11 ss ) ( Q in ) ( 1 ) ( 2 4) (DD) 

100 1.7 65 -T +4600Qp d 'flu 

100 

( 11 ss) (" u) (5200) 

= --------------~-------------------

( 11 S8 ) (52 0 0 ) + (2.5) (llu) ( Qp ) (1.7) (4600) 

Qin 
ENERGY FACTOR

For gas and oil fueled furnaces and boilers, an energy , factor that combined both

the annual fossil fuel consumption and auxiliary electricity consumption is defined

in the current DOE furnace 1 boiler test procedure as:

E.F = Tlu( EF - 4600 Qp)

EF + 3412 EAE

This parameter is not used as a rating descriptor in the current DOE test

procedure.

 EEDET94101 COMMENT 01

ENERGY FACTOR 

For gas and oil fueled furnaces and boilers, an energy factor that combined both 

the annual fossil fuel consumption and auxiliary electricity consumption is defined 

in the current DOE furnace I boiler test procedure as: 

This parameter is not used as a rating descriptor in the current DOE test 

procedure. 
HISTORY OF THE FURNACE/ BOILER TEST PROCEDURE

1978 - DOE published in the Federal Register the final rule for the test

procedure for furnaces / boilers.

1982 ASHRAE published the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103 for testing and

rating of residential furnaces / boilers which followed closely the 1978

DOE test procedure.

1984 - DOE published in the Federal Register the final rule for the revised test

procedure for furnaces/ boilers by referencing ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1982.

Added test procedure for modulating furnaces /boilers.

1988 - ASHRAE published the revision to ANSI/ASHRAE 103 which included

the test procedure for modulating furnaces / boilers from the 1984 DOE

test procedure.

1993 - DOE published in the Federal Register the proposed revision to the

current test procedure for furnaces / boilers.

1993 - ASHRAE published the revision to ANSI/ASHRAE 1 03 which included

most of the proposed revision in the 1993 DOE proposed rulemaking.

 EEDET94101 COMMENT 01

HISTORY OF THE FURNACE I BOILER TEST PROCEDURE 

1978 - DOE published in the Federal Register the final rule for the test 

procedur~ for furnaces I boilers. 

1982 - ASHRAE published the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103 for testing and 

rating of residential furnaces I boilers which followed closely the 1978 

DOE test procedure. 

1984 - DOE published in the Federal Register the final rule for the revised test 

procedure for furnaces I boilers by referencing ANSIIASHRAE 103-1982. 

Added test procedure for modulating furnaces Iboilers. 

1988 - ASHRAE published the revision to ANSIIASHRAE 103 which included 

the test procedure for modulating furnaces I boilers from the 1984 DOE 

test procedure. 

1993 - DOE published in the Federal Register t~e· proposed revision to the 

current test procedure for furnaces I boilers. 

1993 04 ASHRAE published the revision to ANSI/ASHRAE 103 which included 

~ most of the proposed revision in the 1993 DOE proposed ruJemaking. 

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