# Patent

## Title
Fan with fan blade mounting structure

## Abstract

Fans having fan blade mounting structures are disclosed herein. A fan configured in accordance with one embodiment of the present technology includes a fan having a central hub coupled to a plurality of fan blades by a plurality of blade mounting structures. Each blade mounting structure can include first and lower support members that each extend toward an inboard end portion of an individual fan blade. Each of the upper and lower support members can include a first end portion coupled to the inboard end portion of the fan blade. Each of the upper and lower support members can also include a second end portion coupled to opposite sides of the central hub.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present technology relates generally to ceiling-mounted fans, and more particularly, to fan blade mounting structures for use with such fans.
BACKGROUND
High volume, low speed (HVLS) fans are large-diameter (e.g., 20 ft. diameter), ceiling-mounted fans that can be used to provide air flow in industrial and/or commercial buildings, warehouses, loading docks, etc. HVLS fans are typically suspended from the ceiling at heights from about 10 ft. to 35 ft. above the floor, and typically include a plurality of blades extending radially outwardly from a central hub. In operation, HVLS fans rotate at relatively low speeds to produce a large downdraft of air at relatively low speed to enhance the evaporative cooling effect on the skin of personnel within the airflow.
An advantage of HLVS fans is that the costs of installation and operation are often less than those of other types of air conditioning systems, such as forced air systems that provide cooling by changing the temperature of large volumes of air. A challenge, however, with current fan designs is that fan blades can deflect or “cone” at relatively higher speeds of rotation. Coning is the deflection of the set of fan blade out of the horizontal plane due to the lift encountered along the components of the blade. Coning reduces the ability of the fan to direct airflow in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the fan blades. This, in turn, reduces lift and the overall amount of air that flows directly toward the floor. These effects become more pronounced on longer fan blades because they are more flexible than shorter fan blades.
Another challenge with certain HLVS fans is that fan blade sections can have an aerodynamic center that is not aligned with the longitudinal centerline of the fan blade section. As a result, the fan blade section can encounter a differential or twisting load that twists the blade section along the longitudinal centerline. The twist of the fan blade section is more pronounced at the distal end of the blade section and can be positive or negative relative to the air flow. A positive twist can increase angle of attack and thereby increases drag. A negative twist can reduce the angle of attack and thereby reduce lift and the resultant amount of air flow. In addition to twisting loads, the fan blade sections of HLVS fan can produce a torque load that transmits through the blade section to the attachment system.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an isometric bottom view of a fan configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology.
FIG. 2A is an enlarged, partially-exploded isometric top view of a fan hub configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology, and FIG. 2B is an enlarged, cross-sectional view taken generally along line 2B-2B in FIG. 2A illustrating a hub retention feature in more detail.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, exploded isometric view of the central hub assembly of FIG. 2A.
FIG. 4 is partially exploded, top isometric view of a blade mounting structure configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology.
FIG. 5A is a front view and FIG. 5B is a top view of the blade mounting structure of FIG. 4, and FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional end view of a portion of the blade mounting structure of FIG. 5B taken along line 5C-5C in FIG. 5B.
FIG. 6 is a partially exploded isometric view of a blade mounting structure configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology.
FIG. 7 is a top view of a spacer insert and a support member of the blade mounting structure of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8A is a top view of the blade mounting structure of FIG. 6, and FIGS. 8B and 8C are cross-sectional side and end views, respectively, taken along lines 8B-8B and 8C-8C in FIG. 8A, respectively.
FIG. 9 is a partially exploded, top isometric view of a blade mounting structure configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology.
FIG. 10A is an isometric top view of a central portion of a fan having a plurality of blade mounting structures configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology, and FIG. 10B is an enlarged, cross-sectional view taken generally along line 10B-10B in FIG. 10A illustrating a hub retention feature in more detail.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following disclosure describes various embodiments of HLVS fans, blade mounting structures, and related methods and systems. Certain details are set forth in the following description and in FIGS. 1-10B to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the present technology. Other details describing well-known structures and systems often associated with fans, fan blades, and related assemblies and structures, however, are not set forth below to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the various embodiments of the technology.
Many of the details and features shown in the Figures are merely illustrative of particular embodiments of the technology. Accordingly, other embodiments can have other details and features without departing from the spirit and scope of the present technology. In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that further embodiments can be practiced without several of the details described below. Furthermore, various embodiments of the technology can include structures other than those illustrated in the Figures and are expressly not limited to the structures shown in the Figures. Moreover, the various elements and features illustrated in the Figures may not be drawn to scale.
In the Figures, identical reference numbers identify identical or at least generally similar elements. To facilitate the discussion of any particular element, the most significant digit or digits of any reference number refer to the Figure in which that element is first introduced. For example, element 107 is first introduced and discussed with reference to FIG. 1.
FIG. 1 is an isometric bottom view of a fan 100 configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology. In the illustrated embodiment, the fan 100 is an HLVS fan attached to a ceiling 102 of a building by a mounting bracket 103 and a hanger 104. In some embodiments, the mounting bracket 103 is adjustable so that the fan 100 can be suspended from an angled ceiling, joist, beam, wall, etc. while remaining generally in parallel with the floor or ground (not shown). In addition, the vertical length of the hanger 104 can be selected so that the fan 100 hangs at a suitable height above the floor of the building.
The fan 100 includes a drive unit mount 106 coupled to the hanger 104. The drive unit mount 106 supports a drive unit 107 (e.g., an electric motor, engine, gear assembly or gearbox, etc.) that is operably coupled to a central fan hub 130 (“hub 130”) by a drive shaft (not visible in FIG. 1). A plurality of fan blades 140 (e.g., five fan blades 140) are securely attached to the hub 130 by corresponding blade mounting structures 150. In the illustrated embodiment, the fan blades 140 extend radially outward from the mounting structures 150, and can have a length L from an inboard end portion 143 to a tip portion 144 of from about 3 ft. to about 14 ft. or more, such as from about 6 ft. to about 12 ft., or about 10 ft. In some embodiments, these blade lengths L can result in an outer diameter of the fan 100 of from about 6 ft. to about 30 ft. or more, such as from about 12 ft. to about 26 ft., or about 20 ft. to about 24 ft. In other embodiments, the fan blades 140 can have other lengths and the fan 100 can have other outer diameters.
The fan blades 140 can be formed from extruded aluminum or aluminum alloy, fabricated metal, or other suitably rigid and lightweight materials (e.g., a carbon fiber material) known in the art. In one embodiment, for example, the fan blades 140 can be made from a T6 temper aluminum alloy, such as 6061 or 6063 aluminum alloys. In the illustrated embodiment, the individual fan blades 140 have an airfoil shape with a fixed angle of attack. In some embodiments, the fan blades 140 can optionally include winglets 142 that enhance air flow at the outboard ends of the fan blades 140. In some embodiments, for example, the fan blades 140 can include winglets described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/302,507, filed Nov. 22, 2011, and titled “Fan Blade Tips,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. In other embodiments, the fan blades 140 can have a different shape and/or configuration, and/or a non-constant or changeable angle of attack. For example, the fan blades 140 can have a flat profile rather than an airfoil shape. Also, although the fan 100 includes five fan blades in the illustrated embodiment, in other embodiments the fan 100 can include more or fewer fan blades (e.g., ten fan blades).
In operation, the drive unit 107 rotates the fan blades 140 via the hub 130 about a central axis 105 at a rotational speed of, e.g., 10 to 100 rpm. In some embodiments, a user can control the rotational speed and/or the direction of rotation using, for example, a wall-mounted control panel and/or a wireless controller coupled to the drive unit controller (not shown) of the drive unit 107. As the fan blades 140 revolve around the central axis 105, they can produce a moving volume of air, e.g., a column of air (not shown) in a generally downward and/or upward direction, depending on the direction of rotation of the fan blades 140.
FIG. 2A is an enlarged, partially-exploded isometric top view of the hub 130 configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology. In the illustrated embodiment, the hub 130 is rotably coupled to the drive unit 107 (FIG. 1) by a drive shaft 208 that extends through a first opening (not visible) in a mounting plate 210 of the drive unit mount 106, and a second opening 214 in the hub 130. The hub 130 is secured to the drive shaft 208 by a fitting 212 (e.g., an expansion coupling) that is installed from a bottom side 213b of the hub 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the expansion coupling 212 includes, for example, a fenner nut assembly having an expandable member 215a (e.g., an expandable nut) that wedges between the drive shaft 208 and the hub 130 and threadably engages a locking member 215b (e.g., a bolt). The locking member 215b engages the expandable member 215a such that when installed, (i.e., when tightened), the locking member 215b compresses the expandable member 215a along its longitudinal axis. This, in turn, cause the expandable member 215a to expand radially between the hub 130 and the drive shaft 208 and thereby secure the hub 130 to the drive shaft 208.
In the illustrated embodiment, a retention member or ring 216 is attached to a top side 213a of the hub 130 by a plurality of fasteners 217a (e.g., hex-head bolts) that threadably engage corresponding locking features 217b (e.g., lock nuts; FIG. 3) toward the bottom side 213b of the hub 130. The retention ring 216 includes an outward flange or outer lip 218 that extends at least partially around the second opening 214. First and second retention members 220a and 220b (collectively “retention members 220”) are attached to the underside of the mounting plate 210 of the drive unit mount 106. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the retention members 220 includes a mounting portion 222 and an inward flange or inner lip 224 (e.g., a flange or other suitable retaining feature) attached to the mounting plate 210 by a plurality of fasteners 223a (e.g., hex-head bolts) that threadably engage corresponding locking features 223b (e.g., lock nuts) positioned on the opposite side of the mounting plate 210. The mounting portion 222 positions the inner lip 224 so that it extends directly between the hub 130 and the outer lip 218 of the retention ring 216 and directly beneath the outer lip 218.
FIG. 2B is an enlarged, cross-sectional view taken generally along line 2B-2B in FIG. 2A, and illustrating the relationship between the retention ring 216 and the second retention member 220b in more detail. As this view illustrates, the retention ring 216 is vertically separated from the retention members 220 by a gap G so that the retention ring 216 is free to rotate above the inner lip 224 of the retention member 220. However, the retention ring 216 is configured to engage the retention members 220 should the hub 130 ever disengage from the drive shaft 208 in use, such as if the expansion fitting 212 broke free from the drive shaft 208 during operation. However, should the hub 130 ever disengage from the drive shaft 208 in use, such as if the expansion coupling 212 broke free from the drive shaft 208 during operation. Should this occur, the outer lip 218 of the retention ring 216 would fall onto the inner lip 224 of the individual retention members 220 (as shown by arrow F), and thus would prevent the hub 130 from falling from the drive unit mount 106. In one aspect of this embodiment, the retention members 220 can also simplify maintenance and installation of the fan 100 because they can be installed after the hub 130 is attached to the drive shaft 208. For example, the individual retention members 220 can be slid into position on opposite sides of the retention ring 216 and fastened into place without having to disconnect the hub 130 from the drive shaft 208. The retention ring 216 and the retention members 220 can also support the hub 130 during maintenance of the fan 100. For example, the retention ring 216 and the retention members 220 can hold the hub 130 when replacing the drive unit 107 and/or the drive shaft 208.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, exploded isometric view of the hub 130 configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the hub 130 includes a first or upper hub plate 332a separated from a second or lower hub plate 332b (collectively “hub plates 332”) by a central spacer 333 and a plurality of outer spacers 336. The central spacer 333 is securely sandwiched between the upper and lower hub plates 332a and 332b by the fasteners 217a and the locking features 217b. In this embodiment, the upper hub plate 332a has a plurality of first flanges 334a that generally define a “star” pattern toward the outer periphery of the hub 130. The lower hub plate 332b has a plurality of corresponding second flanges 334b generally aligned with the first flanges 334a and spaced vertically therefrom by the outer spacers 336. In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of threaded metal studs 337 (e.g., two per outer spacer/flange combination) align and extend through the outer spacers 336 and corresponding fastener holes 331 in the mating flanges 334. As described in greater detail below, the metal studs 337 are configured to secure the individual blade mounting structures 150 (FIG. 1) to the hub plates 332.
In general, the components of the hub 130 can be formed from a variety of suitable materials known in the art, including metallic materials, using techniques such as press-forming, machining, casting, etc. For example, in some embodiments the hub plates 332, the central spacer 333, and outer spacers 336 can be made from T6 tempered aluminum alloys; and the retention ring 216 and the retention members 220 can be made from a suitable steel material (e.g., ASTM A36). Although in the illustrated embodiment the hub plates 332 have “star” shapes, in other embodiments the hub plates 332 can have different shapes, such as a round shape, pentagonal shape, etc. Also, in some embodiments the hub 130 can include integrally formed components. For example, in some embodiments the hub 130 can be a single fabricated part or unitary part (e.g. molding, casting, forging or the like), or portions of the hub 130 can be formed from a single material rather than two or more pieces fastened together.
FIG. 4 is partially exploded isometric view of the blade mounting structure 150 configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology. The blade mounting structure 150 (which can also be referred to as, e.g., a blade strut, blade support structure, truss, or framework) includes a first or upper support member 452a and a second or lower support member 452b (collectively “support members 452”). In the illustrated embodiment, the support members are flat and elongate members that extend between the hub 130 and the inboard end portion 143 of the fan blade 140. The upper support member 452a includes a proximal end portion 453a attached to the hub 130 toward the top side 213a by fasteners 454a (e.g., lock nuts) threadably engaged with first end portions 335a of the metal studs 337. The lower support member 452b similarly includes a proximal end portion 453b attached to the hub 130 at the bottom side 213b by locking features 454b (e.g., lock nuts) threadably engaged with opposite second end portions 335b of the metal studs 337. In the illustrated embodiment, the proximal end portion 453a of the upper support member 452a is attached to adjacent flanges 334a of the upper hub plate 332a and bridges therebetween, and the proximal end portion 453b of the lower support member 452b is similarly attached to the corresponding adjacent flanges 334b of the lower hub plate 332b. 
In the illustrated embodiment, the blade mounting structure 150 further includes a third support member or strut 456 that couples the support members 452 to the inboard end portion 143 of the fan blade 140. The strut 456 can include, for example, an elongate shaft (e.g., a tube, beam etc.). A first portion 457a of the strut 456 is sandwiched between the support members 452 and attached thereto by a plurality of fasteners 458b (e.g., Huck fastener pins) that are threadably engaged with radial locking features 458a (e.g., Huck collars). A second portion 457b of the strut 456 (shown in hidden lines) is inserted into a cavity through an opening 445 at the inboard end portion 143. The second portion 457b is secured to the fan blade 140 within the cavity by a plurality of fasteners 459b (e.g., Huck fastener pins) that threadably engage corresponding locking features 459a (e.g., Huck collars). In an alternative embodiment, the second portion 457b of the strut 456 can be attached to an exterior portion of the fan blade 140, rather than being inserted into a cavity of the fan blade 140.
FIG. 5A is a front view, and FIG. 5B is a top view of the blade mounting structure 150 attached to the fan blade 140. Referring first to FIG. 5A, the support members 452 carry the fan blade 140 such that the inboard end portion 143 of the fan blade 140 is spaced apart from the hub 130 (FIG. 1) along the longitudinal axis of the fan blade 140. For example, the inboard end portion 143 can be offset from the outer periphery of the hub 130 by a distance D of from about, e.g., 6 inches to about 24 inches, or about 15 inches. In one embodiment, for example, the inboard end portion 143 can be offset from hub 130 by a distance D of about 15 inches.
In the illustrated embodiment, each of the support members 452 includes an angled portion 560 (identified individually as first and second angled portions 560a and 560b, respectively) and a non-angled portion 562. The first angled portion 560a extends generally downward from the proximal end portion 453a toward the strut 456. The second angled portion 560b extends generally upward from the proximal end portion 453b toward strut 456. As discussed above, the first portion 457a of the strut 456 is positioned between the support members 452, and the second portion 457b of the strut 456 (shown in hidden lines) extends into the fan blade 140 along the longitudinal axis thereof. In some embodiments, the strut 456 can have a length of from about 4 inches to about 18 inches, such as about 15 inches. In other embodiments, the strut 456 of the fan blade 140 can have other lengths, such as a quarter of the length of the fan blade 140, half the length of the fan blade, the entire length of the fan blade, etc.
Referring next to FIG. 5B, each of the support members 452 has a tapered profile that narrows or tapers inwardly as it extends from the hub 130 to the inboard end portion 143 of the fan blade 140. In the illustrated embodiment, an outboard edge 563 of each of the support members 452 can abut against the inboard end portion 143 of the fan blade 140. In other embodiments, however, the outboard edge 563 and the inboard end portion 143 can be spaced apart from each another.
In the illustrated embodiment, each of the support members 452 includes a cut-out or opening 564 generally medially disposed in the angled portions 560. The opening 564 can reduce the overall weight of the blade mounting structure 150, and can be configured to augment the vertical air flow profile of the fan 100. For example, without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that certain shapes and/or sizes of the openings 564 can promote uptake of air toward the center of the fan 100, i.e., when the fan blades 140 are producing a generally downward draft of air away from the center of the fan 100.
The support members 452 and the strut 456 can be formed, for example, from various suitable materials and methods, such as metals, e.g., sheet metal or metal castings, plastic molds or the like. For example, in some embodiments, the support members 452 can be laser-cut from sheet metal, such as high-strength, low-alloy steel (e.g., ASTM A572), and the strut 456 can be formed from aluminum alloy, such as T6 tempered aluminum alloy. In the illustrated embodiment, the support members 452 are identical or at least have generally the same shape and are symmetric with one another in the vertical direction about the longitudinal axis of the fan blade 140. In other embodiments, however, the support members 452 can have different shapes and/or be asymmetric. For example, in some embodiments the flanges 334 of the hub 130 can carry the support members 452 such that they are asymmetric about the longitudinal axis of the blade mounting structure 150.
FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional end view of a portion of the fan blade 140 and the strut 456 taken along line 5C-5C in FIG. 5B. In the illustrated embodiment, the fan blade 140 includes a web 548 extending generally vertically along the longitudinal axis of the fan blade and separating a first leading edge or cavity 549a from a second trailing edge or cavity 549b. The web 548 can be a stiffening structure that is integrally formed with or attached (e.g., welded) to an outer wall or skin 541 of the fan blade 140. In addition to increasing the rigidity of the fan blade 140, the web 548 can also form a contoured pocket that firmly receives the snugly fitted strut 456 in the leading edge cavity 549a. 
In the illustrated embodiment, the strut 456 has a contoured surface 571 that at least partially conforms to the shape and profile (e.g., curvature) of the leading edge cavity 549a to facility a snug or close fit between the strut 456 and the fan blade 140. The strut 456 can be hollow or partially hollow and include a stiffening web 573 extending along the longitudinal axis thereof. In other embodiments, the strut 456 can have other shapes and/or profiles. For example, the strut 456 can have an outer edge that does not conform or does not substantially conform to the leading edge cavity 549a. 
Fan blades in conventional HVLS fans abut against the hub and attach to the hub with a small hub connector, such as a metal stub attached to or integrated with the hub. One shortcoming of such designs is that the long fan blades can apply relatively large loads, such as torsional loads to the hub connector, which can lead to premature wear or to damage of the hub connector. In addition, as discussed above, fan blades can apply a substantial twisting force along their longitudinal axis during operation, which can add further stress to conventional hub connectors. Further, a singular hub connector can be vulnerable to single point failure mechanisms due to the concentration of stress and other loads at this singular connection. Blade mounting structures configured in accordance with various embodiments of the present technology, such as the blade mounting structure 150, can address these and other limitations of conventional hub connectors by providing a relatively strong and stiff connection between the fan blades and the hub to reduce or eliminate the effects of coning, twisting, torsional, and/or other forces. For example, the blade mounting structures can reduce or alleviate stress at the junctions with the fasteners that attach the blade mounting structure 150 to the hub 130 and the inboard end portion 143 of the fan blade 140.
FIG. 6 is partially exploded isometric view of a blade mounting structure 650 configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology. The blade mounting structure 650 can include features generally similar in structure and function to those of the blade mounting structure 150 described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 1-5C. For example, the blade mounting structure 650 can include upper and lower support members 652a and 652b (collectively “support members 652”) that are each mounted to adjacent flanges 334 of the upper and lower hub plates 332a and 332b, respectively, Similar to the support members 452 of FIG. 4, each of the support members 652 can include formed openings 664 to, e.g., reduce weight or enhance performance. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, however, a spacer insert 665 is sandwiched between distal end portions 651 of the support members 652. The end portion 651 are inserted into the inboard end portion 143 of the fan blade 140. The support members 652 are then attached to the fan blade 140 by a plurality of fasteners 667 (e.g., rivets).
FIG. 7 is a top view of the spacer insert 665 and the support members 652 of FIG. 6. FIG. 8A is a top view of the blade mounting structure 650, and FIGS. 8B and 8C are cross-sectional side and end views, respectively, taken along lines 8B-8B and 8C-8C in FIG. 8A, respectively. Referring to FIGS. 7-8C together, the distal end portions 651 of the support members 652 include a longitudinal slot 770a and the spacer insert 665 includes a longitudinal slot 770b that receive the web 548 of the fan blade 140 (FIG. 5C) when the distal end portions 651 are inserted into the inboard end portion 143 of the fan blade 140 (FIG. 8C). In particular, a first side 775a of the distal end portion 651 extends into the leading edge cavity 549a (FIGS. 5C and 8C), and a second side 775b of the distal end portion 651 extends into the trailing edge cavity 549b. In the illustrated embodiment, the distal end portions 651 and the spacer insert 665 conform to the curved contours of the leading edge and trailing edge cavities 549a and 549b to facilitate a snug or close fit within the fan blade 140. For example, the spacer insert 665 can press the support members 652 against the inner surfaces of the leading edge and trailing edge cavities 549a and 549b. In other embodiments, however, the distal end portions 651 and/or the spacer insert 665 can have different shapes, sizes, and/or contours.
In the illustrated embodiment, the spacer insert 665 can have a longitudinal length S (FIG. 8B) from about 1 inch to about 10 inches, such as about 5 inches. The spacer insert 665 can be formed, for example, from a suitable metallic, plastic, or other material. In one embodiment, for example, the spacer insert 665 can include an extruded aluminum alloy having an at least partially hollow cavity (not shown). In another embodiment, the spacer insert 665 can include a molded plastic or cast metal. In an alternate embodiment, an epoxy or other suitable fill material can be used in lieu of the spacer insert 665 to fill the void between the distal end portions 651 of the support members 650 within the leading edge cavity 549a and/or the trailing edge cavity 549b. 
FIG. 9 is partially exploded isometric view of a blade mounting structure 950 configured in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology. The blade mounting structure 950 can include features generally similar in structure and function to those of the blade mounting structures 150 and 650 described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 1-8C. For example, the blade mounting structure 950 can include a spacer insert 665 coupled to distal end portions 651 of upper and lower support members 952a and 952b (collectively “support members 952”). In this embodiment, however, the upper support member 952a can include a first spacer portion 974a integrally formed in a medial portion therein, and the lower support member 952b can similarly include a second spacer portion 974b integrally formed in a medial portion therein. The first and second spacer portions 974a and 974b can extend generally toward each other and can be attached together by a fastener 976 (e.g., a rivet). The first and second spacer portions 974a and 974b can strengthen or enhance the rigidity of the blade mounting structure 950. In other embodiments, the spacer portions 974a and 974b can be positioned differently, such as more proximate to the hub 130. Also, the blade mounting structure 950 can include additional sets of spacer portions. For example, the blade mounting structure 950 can include two or three sets of spacer portions, with each set positioned along the longitudinal axis of the blade mounting structure 950.
FIG. 10A is an isometric top view of a central portion of a fan 1000 having a plurality of blade mounting structures 1050 coupled to a central hub 1030 in accordance with another embodiment of the present technology. The hub 1030 and the blade mounting structures 1050 can include features generally similar in structure and function to those of the hub 130 and the blade mounting structures 150, 650, and 950 described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 1-9. For example, the blade mounting structure 1050 can include upper and lower support members 1052a and 1052b having proximal end portions 1053 that attach adjacent to the hub plates 332. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 10A, however, each of the upper support members 1052a includes a raised inward flange or inner lip 1082 on the proximal end portion 1053.
In the illustrated embodiment, a retention member or ring 1083 includes a mounting portion 1085 coupled to an underside of the mounting plate 210 via a plurality of fasteners 1090a (e.g., hex-head bolts) that threadably engage corresponding locking features 1090b (e.g., locking nuts) positioned on the opposite side of the mounting plate 210. The retention ring 1083 also includes an outward flange or outer lip 1084 that extends at least partially around the second opening 214.
FIG. 10B is an enlarged, cross-sectional view taken generally along line 10B-10B in FIG. 10A, and illustrates the relationship between the retention ring 1083 and the inner lip 1082 of the upper support member 1052a in more detail. Similar to the retention ring 216 and the retention members 220 described above with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the inner lip 1082 of the upper support member 1052a is configured to engage the outer lip 1084 of the retention ring 1083 should the hub 1030 ever disengage from the drive shaft 208 (FIG. 2A) in use. In particular, if this were to occur, the inner lip 1082 of the upper support member 1052a would fall onto the outer lip 1084 of the retention ring 1083 (as shown by arrow F), and thus would prevent the hub 1030 from falling from the mounting plate 210. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner lip 1082 of the upper support member 1052a is integrally formed with the upper support member 1052, and thus simplify manufacturing because it can reduce the overall number of parts of the fan 100. In other embodiments, however, the inner lip can be a separate piece that is attached to the upper support member 1052 with, e.g., a weld, fasteners, etc.
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the present technology have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but that various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the various embodiments of the present technology. For example, in one embodiment a remotely positioned drive unit or engine can rotate the drive shaft 208 (FIG. 2A) with a system of one or more belts and/or pulleys. Also, while shown in the illustrated embodiment as two generally flat elongate members, in other embodiments, the support members 452, 652, 952, and/or 1052 described above with reference to FIGS. 1-10B can include more than two members and/or have different sizes, shapes, and/or profiles (e.g., non-tapered profiles). In addition, while certain types of fasteners may be illustrated for coupling components of the fan together (e.g., Huck fastener pins and collars, hex-head bolts, screws, rivets, etc.), in other embodiments, other types of fasteners known in the art can be used. Moreover, in some embodiments components can be attached to one another by other attachment techniques in addition to and/or in lieu of fasteners, such as welding, adhesives, etc. Further, while various advantages and features associated with certain embodiments of the present technology have been described above in the context of those embodiments, other embodiments may also exhibit such advantages and/or features, and not all embodiments need necessarily exhibit such advantages and/or features to fall within the scope of the present technology. Accordingly, the invention is not limited, except as by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A fan, comprising:
a central hub having a top side and a bottom side opposite the top side;
a plurality of fan blades, wherein each of the fan blades has an inboard end portion spaced apart from a tip portion; and
a plurality of blade mounting structures, wherein each of the blade mounting structures couples a corresponding one of the fan blades to the central hub, and wherein each of the blade mounting structures includes—
a strut having a first portion and a second portion, wherein the second portion of the strut is inserted into the corresponding fan blade:
a first support member having a first end portion coupled to the central hub proximate the top side and a second end portion coupled to the first portion of the strut; and
a second support member having a first end portion coupled to the central hub proximate the bottom side and a second end portion coupled to the first portion of the strut, wherein the first end portion of the first support member is spaced apart from the first end portion of the second support member to define a space therebetween, and wherein the central hub is disposed in the space between the first end portion of the first support member and the first end portion of the second support member.

2. The fan of claim 1 wherein the first portion of the strut is sandwiched between the first and second support members.

3. The fan of claim 1 wherein the first and second support members are vertically spaced apart from one another.

4. The fan of claim 1 wherein the central hub includes:
a first hub plate; and
a second hub plate spaced apart from the first hub plate,
wherein the first support member is attached to the first hub plate, and wherein the second support member is attached to the second hub plate.

5. The fan of claim 1 wherein the first support member of each of the blade mounting structures has generally the same shape and size as the second support member, and wherein the first and second supports members of each of the blade mounting structures are generally symmetric about a longitudinal axis of the fan blade.

6. A fan, comprising:
a central hub having a top side and a bottom side opposite the top side;
a plurality of fan blades, wherein each of the fan blades has an inboard end portion spaced apart from a tip portion, and wherein each of the fan blades further includes a cavity extending along a longitudinal axis; and
a plurality of blade mounting structures, wherein each of the blade mounting structures extends at least partially into the cavity of a corresponding one of the fan blades and couples the corresponding fan blade to the central hub, and wherein each of the blade mounting structures includes—
a first support member having a first end portion coupled to the central hub proximate the top side and a second end portion coupled to the inboard end portion of the corresponding fan blade; and
a second support member having a first end portion coupled to the central hub proximate the bottom side and a second end portion coupled to the inboard end portion of the corresponding fan blade, wherein the first end portion of the first support member is spaced apart from the first end portion of the second support member to define a space therebetween, and wherein the central hub is disposed in the space between the first end portion of the first support member and the first end portion of the second support member.

7. The fan of claim 6 wherein each of the blade mounting structures includes a spacer sandwiched between the first and second support members, and wherein the spacer is at least partially disposed within the cavity.

8. The fan of claim 6 wherein:
the first support member includes at least one spacer portion; and
the second support member includes at least one spacer portion.

9. The fan of claim 8 where the at least one spacer portion of the first support member is attached to the at least one spacer portion of the second support member.

10. A fan, comprising:
a central hub having a too side, a bottom side opposite the top side, and a drive shaft opening extending therethrough;
a first retention member attached to the central hub and at least partially surrounding the drive shaft opening, wherein the first retention member includes a first flange;
a drive unit mount;
at least two second retention members attached to the drive unit mount, wherein each of the second retention members at least partially surrounds the drive shaft opening, and wherein each of the second retention members includes a second flange that extends between the central hub and the first flange of the first retention member;
a plurality of fan blades, wherein each of the fan blades has an inboard end portion spaced apart from a tip portion; and
a plurality of blade mounting structures, wherein each of the blade mounting structures couples a corresponding one of the fan blades to the central hub, and wherein each of the blade mounting structures includes—
a first support member having a first end portion coupled to the central hub proximate the top side and a second end portion coupled to the inboard end portion of the corresponding fan blade; and
a second support member having a first end portion coupled to the central hub proximate the bottom side and a second end portion coupled to the inboard end portion of the corresponding fan blade, wherein the first end portion of the first support member is spaced apart from the first end portion of the second support member to define a space therebetween, and wherein the central hub is disposed in the space between the first end portion of the first support member and the first end portion of the second support member.

11. The fan of claim 10 wherein the blade mounting structure further includes a strut, the strut having:
a first portion attached to the first and second support members; and
a second portion attached to the inboard end portion of the fan blade.

12. The fan of claim 10 wherein the first flange is an outward flange and the second flange is an inward flange.

13. The fan of claim 10 wherein the first flange extends in a first direction and the second flange extends in a second direction, opposite to the first direction.

14. A fan, comprising:
a central hub having a top side and a bottom side opposite the top side, wherein the central hub includes a drive shaft opening extending therethrough;
a plurality of fan blades, wherein each of the fan blades has an inboard end portion spaced apart from a tip portion;
a plurality of blade mounting structures, wherein each of the blade mounting structures couples a corresponding one of the fan blades to the central hub, and wherein each of the blade mounting structures includes—
a first support member having a first end portion coupled to the central hub proximate the top side and a second end portion coupled to the inboard end portion of the corresponding fan blade, wherein the first support member further includes an inward lip integrally formed with the first support member, and wherein the inward lip extends radially toward the shaft opening; and
a second support member having a first end portion coupled to the central hub proximate the bottom side and a second end portion coupled to the inboard end portion of the corresponding fan blade;

a drive unit mount; and
at least one retention member attached to the drive unit mount and at least partially surrounding the drive shaft opening, wherein the at least one retention member includes an outward flange, and wherein the outward flange extends between the central hub and the inward lip of the first support member.

15. The fan of claim 14 wherein the inward lip of the first support member is aligned with a longitudinal axis of the first support member.

16. A fan comprising:
a drive unit having a drive shaft;
a drive unit mount carrying the drive unit; and
a central hub coupled to the drive shaft;
means for holding the central hub to the drive unit mount in the event that the central hub becomes decoupled from the drive shaft,
a plurality of fan blades, wherein each fan blade has an inboard end portion spaced apart from the central hub and a tip portion spaced apart from the inboard end portion; and
means for coupling each of the fan blades to the central hub, wherein the means for coupling includes—
an upper support member having a first end portion coupled to the central hub and a second end portion coupled to a corresponding one of the fan blades; and
a lower support member having a first end portion coupled to the central hub and a second end portion coupled to the corresponding one of the fan blades, wherein the central hub is positioned between the first end portion of the upper support member and the first end portion of the lower support member.

17. The fan of claim 16, further comprising means for spacing the upper support member apart from the lower support member.

18. The fan of claim 16 wherein the means for coupling each of the fan blades to the central hub further includes a strut having:
a first portion attached to the upper and lower support members; and
a second portion attached to the inboard end portion of the fan blade.

19. The fan of claim 16 wherein the upper support member is spaced apart from the lower support member to define an open space therebetween.

20. A method of manufacturing a fan, the method comprising:
positioning an outer portion of a central hub between an upper support member and a lower support member, wherein the central hub includes a top side facing a first direction and a bottom side facing a second direction, opposite to the first direction;
attaching a proximal end portion of the upper support member to the top side of the central hub;
attaching a proximal end portion of the lower support member to the bottom side of the central hub;
coupling an inboard end portion of a fan blade to a distal end portion of the upper support member, wherein coupling the inboard end portion of the fan blade to the distal end portion of the upper support member includes at least partially inserting the distal end portion of the upper support member through an opening and into a cavity in the inboard portion of the fan blade; and
coupling the inboard end portion of the fan blade to a distal end portion of the lower support member, wherein coupling the inboard end portion of the fan blade to the distal end portion of the lower support member includes at least partially inserting the distal end portion of the lower support member through the opening and into the cavity in the inboard portion of the fan blade.

21. A method of manufacturing a fan, the method comprising:
positioning an outer portion of a central hub between a proximal end portion of an upper support member and a proximal end portion of a lower support member, wherein the central hub includes a top side facing a first direction and a bottom side facing a second direction, opposite to the first direction;
attaching the proximal end portion of the upper support member to the top side of the central hub;
attaching the proximal end portion of the lower support member to the bottom side of the central hub;
coupling a distal end portion of the upper support member to a first end portion of a strut;
coupling a distal end portion of the lower support member to the first end portion of the strut; and
inserting a second end portion of the strut through an opening and into a cavity in an inboard end portion of a fan blade, wherein the first end portion of the strut is sandwiched between the distal end portions of the upper and lower support members when coupled to the upper and lower support members.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the inboard end portion is offset from the central hub by a distance of at least 12 inches.

23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
disposing a central spacer between a first hub plate and a second hub plate such that the central spacer is positioned adjacent to a drive shaft opening of each of the first and second hub plates; and
disposing a plurality of outer spacers between an outer periphery of each of the first and second hub plates.

24. The method of claim 21, further comprising coupling the inboard end portion of the fan blade to the second end portion of the strut.

25. A method of manufacturing a fan, the method comprising:
attaching a first retention member to a top side of a central hub, wherein the top side faces a first direction, wherein the central hub includes a bottom side facing a second direction, opposite to the first direction, and wherein the first retention member includes a first flange that at least partially surrounds a drive shaft opening of the central hub;
coupling the central hub to a drive shaft of a drive unit carried by a drive unit mount;
after coupling the central hub to the drive shaft, attaching at least one second retention member to the drive unit mount, wherein the at least one second retention member includes a second flange that extends between the central hub and the first flange of the first retention member;
positioning an outer portion of the central hub between an upper support member and a lower support member;
attaching a proximal end portion of the upper support member to the top side of the central hub;
attaching a proximal end portion of the lower support member to the bottom side of the central hub;
coupling an inboard end portion of a fan blade to a distal end portion of the upper support member; and
coupling the inboard end portion of the fan blade to a distal end portion of the lower support member.

26. The fan of claim 25 wherein the first flange is an outward flange and the second flange is an inward flange.

27. The fan of claim 25 wherein the first flange extends in a first direction and the second flange extends in a second direction, opposite to the first direction.