i

Field Standard Operating Procedures for the

Federal Lead (Pb) Performance Evaluation Program:

High Volume Pb-TSP Audits

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
ii

EPA-545/B-14-002

September 2014

Field Standard Operating Procedures for the 

Federal Lead (Pb) Performance Evaluation Program: 

High Volume Pb-TSP Audits

By:

Gregory W. Noah

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

Air Quality Assessment Division

Ambient Air Monitoring Group

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Pb-PEP Hi-Vol Field SOP

Title Page

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Pb-PEP Hi-Vol Field SOP

Foreword

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Foreword

This document describes detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the field activities related to 

high volume Pb-TSP audits for the Lead (Pb) Performance Evaluation Program (PEP).

This document is accessible as a PDF file on the Internet on the Ambient Monitoring Technology 

Information Center (AMTIC) Bulletin Board under the Quality Assurance (QA) area of the Lead

Monitoring Information (available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/pbpep.html). The document can be 

read and printed using Adobe Acrobat Reader software, which is freeware available on many Internet 

sites, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Web site. The Internet version is 

write-protected. Hardcopy versions are available by writing or calling:

Gregory W. Noah

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

AQAD/AAMG (C304-06)

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

Phone: (919-541-2771)

E-mail: noah.greg@epa.gov

This is a living document, which means it may be revised as program objectives and implementation 

procedures evolve. Comments on technical content and presentation of this document may be sent to 

Gregory Noah. EPA Regional Contract Officer Representatives (CORs), FSs, and LAs will use a process 

described herein. If serious errors are identified, then they will be corrected immediately with a Quality 

Assurance Bulletin. Less dramatic evolutionary changes will be made through a revision cycle that 

usually concludes in the fall of each year.

The document mentions trade names or brand names. Mention of corporation names, trade names, 

or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Pb-PEP Hi-Vol Field SOP

Acknowledgements

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Acknowledgements

This compendium of field standard operating procedures (SOPs) is the product of the combined efforts of 

the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards 

(OAQPS); EPA’s Regional Offices; State, local, and Tribal organizations; and associated FSs and LAs 

who perform the daily operations. This revision was led and directed by Gregory Noah of OAQPS. 

The review of the material found in this document was accomplished through the activities of the QA 

Strategy Workgroup. The following individuals are acknowledged for their contributions:

EPA Regions

Region 

1. Mary Jane Cuzzupe

2. Mark Winter

3. Loretta Hyden, Kia Hence

4. Mike Crowe

5. Scott Hamilton, Anthony Ross, Bilal Qazzaz

6. John Lay

7. Thien Bui

8. Joshua Rickard

9. Richard Bauer, Larry Biland

10. Christopher Hall

Battelle Memorial Institute

Elizabeth Hanft, Thomas Kelly

RTI International

Jennifer Lloyd, Jeff Nichol, Steven Walters, Eric Poitras, and Ed Rickman

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

Greg Noah, Dennis Crumpler and Michael Papp

Environmental Services Assistance Team (ESAT) Field Scientists under Contract to EPA in 

Regions 1–10 for Fiscal Year 2014
Pb-PEP Hi-Vol Field SOP

Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

AFC Agency File Code

AMTIC Ambient Monitoring Technology Information Center

AQS Air Quality System

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CMD Contracts Management Division

CO Contracting Officer

COC chain of custody

COR Contract Officer’s Representative

CS Contracting Specialist

DAS Data Acquisition System

DOCOR Delivery Order Contract Officer’s Representative

DOT U.S. Department of Transportation 

DQA Data Quality Assessment

DQOs Data Quality Objectives

EDO environmental data operation

EMAD Emissions, Monitoring, and Analysis Division

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ESAT Environmental Services Assistance Team

FDS Field Data Sheet

FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

FEM Federal Equivalent Method

FRM Federal Reference Method

FS Field Scientist

GFCI ground fault circuit interrupter

GLP Good Laboratory Practice

Hi-Vol High-volume

LA Laboratory Analyst

LAN Local Area Network

MQAG Monitoring and Quality Assurance Group

MQOs Measurement Quality Objectives

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NAMS National Air Monitoring Station

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology

OAQPS Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Pb-PEP Hi-Vol Field SOP

Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Acronyms and Abbreviations (continued)

Pb lead

PC personal computer

PD percent difference

PE Performance Evaluation

PEP Performance Evaluation Program

PO Project Officer (EPA Headquarters)

PQAO Primary Quality Assurance Organization

PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene

QA quality assurance

QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan

QA/QC quality assurance/quality control

QMP Quality Management Plan

RPO Regional Project Officer

SLAMS State and Local Ambient Monitoring Stations

SOP standard operating procedure

SOW statement or scope of work

STAG State and Tribal Air Grants

TOCOR Task Order Contract Officer’s Representative

TSA Technical Systems Audit

TSP total suspended particulate

WACOR Work Assignment Contract Officer’s Representative
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Approvals

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Approvals

Title: Field Standard Operating Procedures for the Federal Lead (Pb) Performance Evaluation Program: 

High Volume Pb-TSP Audits.

The attached Field Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the Lead (Pb) Performance Evaluation 

Program (PEP) are hereby approved and commit the participants of the program to follow the sections 

described within.
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Table of Contents

Section Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................iv

Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................................v

Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................vi

Approvals...................................................................................................................................................viii

Table of Contents.........................................................................................................................................ix

Introduction................................................................................................................................................xvi

Lead (Pb) Program .......................................................................................................................xvi

The Pb-PEP Description.............................................................................................................xviii

Field Activities..................................................................................................................xxi

Laboratory Activities........................................................................................................xxii

Purpose of this Document ...........................................................................................................xxii

Prerequisites...............................................................................................................................xxiii

Training and Certification ...............................................................................................xxiii

Background Literature.....................................................................................................xxiii

Definitions..................................................................................................................................xxiv

Cautions......................................................................................................................................xxiv

Filters ..............................................................................................................................xxiv

Section 1 Overview of FRM Performance Evaluation Field Activities.....................................................1-1

1.1 Overview of FRM Performance Evaluation Field Activities............................................1-1

1.1.1 Scope and Applicability.........................................................................................1-1

1.1.2 Summary of Method ..............................................................................................1-1

1.1.3 Definitions..............................................................................................................1-1

1.1.4 Health and Safety Warnings...................................................................................1-1

1.1.5 Cautions .................................................................................................................1-1

1.1.6 Interferences...........................................................................................................1-2

1.1.7 Personnel Qualifications........................................................................................1-2

1.1.8 Equipment and Supplies.........................................................................................1-3

1.1.9 Procedures..............................................................................................................1-3

Section 2 Planning and Preparing for PEP Sampling Events ....................................................................2-1

2.1 Equipment Inventory and Storage .....................................................................................2-1

2.1.1 Scope and Applicability.........................................................................................2-1

2.1.2 Definitions..............................................................................................................2-1

2.1.3 Personnel Qualifications........................................................................................2-1

2.1.4 Equipment and Supplies.........................................................................................2-1

2.1.5 Procedure ...............................................................................................................2-1

2.2 Communications................................................................................................................2-9

2.2.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................2-10

2.2.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................2-10

2.2.3 Definitions............................................................................................................2-10

2.2.4 Equipment and Supplies.......................................................................................2-10

2.2.5 Phone and E-mail Communications.....................................................................2-11

2.2.6 Monthly Progress Reports....................................................................................2-12

2.2.7 Records Management...........................................................................................2-13

2.3 Preparation for Pb-PEP Sampling Events .......................................................................2-17

2.3.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................2-17
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2.3.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................2-17

2.3.3 Definitions............................................................................................................2-17

2.3.4 Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................2-17

2.3.5 Cautions ...............................................................................................................2-17

2.3.6 Equipment and Supplies.......................................................................................2-17

2.3.7 Procedure .............................................................................................................2-18

Section 3 Filter Receipt, Storage, and Handling.......................................................................................3-1

3.1 Filter Receipt, Storage, and Handling ...............................................................................3-1

3.1.1 Scope and Applicability.........................................................................................3-1

3.1.2 Summary of Method ..............................................................................................3-1

3.1.3 Definitions..............................................................................................................3-1

3.1.4 Personnel Qualifications........................................................................................3-2

3.1.5 Cautions .................................................................................................................3-2

3.1.6 Equipment and Supplies.........................................................................................3-2

3.1.7 Filter Receipt..........................................................................................................3-2

3.1.8 Preparing Filters for Sampling Events...................................................................3-3

3.1.9 Filter Handling .......................................................................................................3-4

3.1.10 Filter Storage..........................................................................................................3-4

Section 4 Transportation of the Sampler and Installation at the Site........................................................4-1

4.1 Sampler Transport and Placement.....................................................................................4-1

4.1.1 Scope and Applicability.........................................................................................4-1

4.1.2 Summary of Method ..............................................................................................4-1

4.1.3 Definitions..............................................................................................................4-1

4.1.4 Personnel Qualifications........................................................................................4-1

4.1.5 Cautions .................................................................................................................4-1

4.1.6 Equipment and Supplies.........................................................................................4-2

4.1.7 Procedures..............................................................................................................4-2

Section 5 Sampler Setup and Performance Verifications.........................................................................5-1

5.1 Sampler Assembly.............................................................................................................5-1

5.1.1 Scope and Applicability.........................................................................................5-1

5.1.2 Summary of Method ..............................................................................................5-1

5.1.3 Definitions..............................................................................................................5-1

5.1.4 Personnel Qualifications........................................................................................5-1

5.1.5 Health and Safety Warnings...................................................................................5-1

5.1.6 Cautions .................................................................................................................5-2

5.1.7 Equipment and Supplies.........................................................................................5-2

5.1.8 Placement and Installation Procedure for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP 

Sampler ..................................................................................................................5-3

5.2 Leak Check Procedures...................................................................................................5-10

5.2.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................5-10

5.2.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................5-10

5.2.3 Definitions............................................................................................................5-10

5.2.4 Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................5-10

5.2.5 Cautions ...............................................................................................................5-11

5.2.6 Equipment and Supplies.......................................................................................5-11

5.2.7 Procedure for Conducting a Leak Check on the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP 

Sampler ................................................................................................................5-11
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5.3 Barometric Pressure Verification ....................................................................................5-13

5.3.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................5-13

5.3.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................5-13

5.3.3 Definitions............................................................................................................5-13

5.3.4 Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................5-13

5.3.5 Cautions ...............................................................................................................5-13

5.3.6 Equipment and Supplies.......................................................................................5-14

5.3.7 Procedure for Conducting a Barometric Pressure Verification on the Tisch 

TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler ..............................................................................5-14

5.4 Temperature Verification ................................................................................................5-15

5.4.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................5-15

5.4.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................5-15

5.4.3 Definitions............................................................................................................5-15

5.4.4 Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................5-15

5.4.5 Cautions ...............................................................................................................5-16

5.4.6 Equipment and Supplies.......................................................................................5-16

5.4.7 Procedure for Conducting a Temperature Sensor Verification on the Tisch 

TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler ..............................................................................5-16

5.5 Flow Rate Verification ....................................................................................................5-17

5.5.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................5-17

5.5.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................5-17

5.5.3 Definitions............................................................................................................5-17

5.5.4 Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................5-17

5.5.5 Cautions ...............................................................................................................5-18

5.5.6 Equipment and Supplies.......................................................................................5-18

5.5.7 Procedure for Conducting the Flow Rate Verification on the Tisch TE5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler ....................................................................................5-18

Section 6 Filter Exposure and Concluding the Sampling Event...............................................................6-1

6.1 Conducting the Filter Exposure.........................................................................................6-1

6.1.1 Scope and Applicability.........................................................................................6-1

6.1.2 Summary of Method ..............................................................................................6-1

6.1.3 Definitions..............................................................................................................6-1

6.1.4 Personnel Qualifications........................................................................................6-1

6.1.5 Cautions .................................................................................................................6-1

6.1.6 Equipment and Supplies.........................................................................................6-2

6.1.7 Filter Inspection .....................................................................................................6-2

6.1.8 Types of Blanks Used at the Field Site ..................................................................6-3

6.1.9 Collecting a 24-Hour PE Sample Using the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP 

Sampler ..................................................................................................................6-5

6.1.10 Temporary Halt Then Continue Sampling.............................................................6-8

6.2 Sample Recovery and Data Download..............................................................................6-8

6.2.1 Scope and Applicability.........................................................................................6-8

6.2.2 Summary of Method ..............................................................................................6-9

6.2.3 Definitions..............................................................................................................6-9

6.2.4 Personnel Qualifications........................................................................................6-9

6.2.5 Cautions .................................................................................................................6-9

6.2.6 Equipment and Supplies.........................................................................................6-9

6.2.7 Procedure for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler........................................6-10
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6.3 Filter Packing and Shipment ...........................................................................................6-13

6.3.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................6-13

6.3.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................6-13

6.3.3 Definitions............................................................................................................6-13

6.3.4 Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................6-13

6.3.5 Cautions ...............................................................................................................6-13

6.3.6 Equipment and Supplies.......................................................................................6-13

6.3.7 Procedure .............................................................................................................6-14

6.4 Sampler Disassembly ......................................................................................................6-15

6.4.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................6-15

6.4.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................6-15

6.4.3 Definitions............................................................................................................6-15

6.4.4 Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................6-15

6.4.5 Cautions ...............................................................................................................6-15

6.4.6 Procedure .............................................................................................................6-15

6.5 Sampler Maintenance and Cleaning................................................................................6-16

6.5.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................6-16

6.5.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................6-16

6.5.3 Definitions............................................................................................................6-16

6.5.4 Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................6-16

6.5.5 Cautions ...............................................................................................................6-16

6.5.6 Equipment and Supplies.......................................................................................6-17

6.5.7 Procedure .............................................................................................................6-17

Section 7 Chain-of-Custody Form and Field Data Sheet..........................................................................7-1

7.1 Chain-of-Custody and Field Data Sheet (COC/FDS) Form..............................................7-1

7.1.1 Scope and Applicability.........................................................................................7-1

7.1.2 Summary of Method ..............................................................................................7-1

7.1.3 Definitions..............................................................................................................7-1

7.1.4 Personnel Qualifications........................................................................................7-1

7.1.5 Caution...................................................................................................................7-1

7.1.6 Equipment and Supplies.........................................................................................7-1

7.1.7 Procedure ...............................................................................................................7-2

Section 8 Quality Assurance/Quality Control...........................................................................................8-1

8.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control ...................................................................................8-1

8.1.1 Scope and Applicability.........................................................................................8-1

8.1.2 Summary of Method ..............................................................................................8-1

8.1.3 Definitions..............................................................................................................8-3

8.1.4 Personnel Qualifications........................................................................................8-3

8.1.5 Cautions .................................................................................................................8-3

8.1.6 Equipment and Supplies.........................................................................................8-3

8.1.7 Completeness.........................................................................................................8-3

8.1.8 Field Blanks...........................................................................................................8-4

8.1.9 Trip Blanks.............................................................................................................8-4

8.1.10 Passive Field Blanks ..............................................................................................8-4

8.1.11 Accuracy ................................................................................................................8-4

8.1.12 Annual Program Collocation Studies.....................................................................8-5

8.1.13 Collocation Coding ................................................................................................8-5

8.1.14 Standards Recertifications......................................................................................8-5
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8.2 Field Data Verification and Validation .............................................................................8-6

8.2.1 Scope and Applicability.........................................................................................8-6

8.2.2 Summary of Method ..............................................................................................8-6

8.2.3 Definitions..............................................................................................................8-6

8.2.4 Personnel Qualifications........................................................................................8-7

8.2.5 Procedure ...............................................................................................................8-7

Section 9 Information Retention...............................................................................................................9-1

9.1 Information Retention .......................................................................................................9-1

9.1.1 Scope and Applicability.........................................................................................9-1

9.1.2 Information Included in the Reporting Package ....................................................9-3

9.1.3 Data Retention/Archive..........................................................................................9-5

Section 10 Calibrations...........................................................................................................................10-1

10.1 Barometric Pressure Calibration......................................................................................10-1

10.1.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................10-1

10.1.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................10-1

10.1.3 Definitions............................................................................................................10-1

10.1.4 Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................10-1

10.1.5 Cautions ...............................................................................................................10-1

10.1.6 Equipment and Supplies.......................................................................................10-2

10.1.7 Procedure .............................................................................................................10-2

10.2 Temperature Calibration..................................................................................................10-3

10.2.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................10-3

10.2.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................10-3

10.2.3 Definitions............................................................................................................10-4

10.2.4 Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................10-4

10.2.5 Cautions ...............................................................................................................10-4

10.2.6 Equipment and Supplies.......................................................................................10-4

10.3 Flow Rate Calibration......................................................................................................10-6

10.3.1 Scope and Applicability.......................................................................................10-6

10.3.2 Summary of Method ............................................................................................10-7

10.3.3 Definitions............................................................................................................10-7

10.3.4 Personnel Qualifications......................................................................................10-7

10.3.5 Cautions ...............................................................................................................10-7

10.3.6 Equipment and Supplies.......................................................................................10-7

10.3.7 Procedure for Conducting Flow Rate Multi-Point Verification on the Tisch 

TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler ..............................................................................10-8

10.4 Troubleshooting the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler.............................................10-10

Section 11 References.............................................................................................................................11-1

Appendices

Appendix A: Glossary

Appendix B: Data Qualifiers/Flags
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Tables

Section Page

Table 1. Required Reading for the Performance Evaluation Program ...............................................xxiv

Table 2-1. Equipment and Supplies..........................................................................................................2-2

Table 2-2. General Siting Requirements for Pb-PEP Samplers..............................................................2-21

Table 2-3. Implementation Summary .....................................................................................................2-22

Table 6-1. Preventative Maintenance of Field Equipment......................................................................6-17

Table 8-1. Field Quality Control Checks..................................................................................................8-1

Table 8-2. Developing the AQS Site ID for a Semi-Annual Collocation.................................................8-6

Table 9-1. Pb-PEP Reporting Package Information .................................................................................9-1

Table 9-2. Field Measurements.................................................................................................................9-5

Figures

Section Page

Figure 1. Definition of independent assessment.................................................................................xix

Figure 2. Pb Overview........................................................................................................................xxi

Figure 1-1. Field Activities in Relation to SOPs ...................................................................................1-4

Figure 2-1. Line of Communication ....................................................................................................2-10

Figure 5-1. Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ Sampler’s Legs/Stand Base Assembly............................................5-4

Figure 5-2. Tisch Sampler’s Main Unit Askew on Base Assembly. .....................................................5-4

Figure 5-3. Back Pins Aligned with Leg/Base Assembly on the Tisch Sampler...................................5-4

Figure 5-4. Completely Aligned Sampler and Leg/Base Assembly for the Tisch Sampler...................5-4

Figure 5-5. Clips Used to Secure the Tisch Sampler to the Leg/Base Assembly ..................................5-5

Figure 5-6. Unique Labels for the Tisch Sampler’s VFC and VFC+ Controller Box/Main Unit..........5-5

Figure 5-7. Hold the Tisch Sampler’s VFC/Motor at Base of the Motor Assembly .............................5-6

Figure 5-8. Electrical Connection of the VFC to the Tisch Sampler Main Unit ...................................5-6

Figure 5-9. Roof Assembly Hinges Resting on Tisch Sampler’s Hinge Holders..................................5-6

Figure 5-10. Roof Assembly Hinges Securely in Tisch Sampler’s Hinge Holders.................................5-7

Figure 5-11. Tisch Sampler’s Main Menu Screen ...................................................................................5-8

Figure 5-12. View of the Tisch Adapter Plate on Sampler Assembly for Leak Check of a Tisch 

Sampler .............................................................................................................................5-11

Figure 5-13. BGI hivolCal Model HVC8 Hi-Vol Field Audit Calibrator..............................................5-14

Figure 5-14. Temperature Thermocouple for Tisch Sampler ................................................................5-16

Figure 6-1. Tisch Initializing Screen .....................................................................................................6-6

Figure 6-2. Tisch Main Menu Screen ....................................................................................................6-6

Figure 6-3. Timer Setup Screen.............................................................................................................6-6

Figure 6-4. Date Screen .........................................................................................................................6-6

Figure 6-5. Duration Screen (Set to 24 hours).......................................................................................6-7

Figure 6-6. Main Menu Screen with Sampling Scheduled ....................................................................6-7

Figure 6-7. Display Information during Sample Run ............................................................................6-8

Figure 6-8. Timer Menu Used to Resume a Run ...................................................................................6-8

Figure 6-9. Main Menu Screen ............................................................................................................6-10

Figure 6-10. Data Menu Screen.............................................................................................................6-10

Figure 6-11. Data Saving to SD Card ....................................................................................................6-11

Figure 6-12. Display of Sampling Events by Date ................................................................................6-11
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Figure 10-1. Screen Used to Change Ambient Pressure........................................................................10-3

Figure 10-2. Ambient Temperature Thermocouple ...............................................................................10-5

Figure 10-3. Screen Used to Change Ambient Temperature .................................................................10-5

Equations

Section Page

Equation 1. Percent difference between standard and sampler flow rate................................................5-19

Equation 2. Percent difference between target and sampler flow rate....................................................5-19

Equation 3. Percent difference between Pb-PEP sampler and SLT sampler. ...........................................8-5
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Introduction

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Introduction

The purpose of this section is to provide the Environmental Services Assistance Team (ESAT) Field 

Scientists (FSs) with background information on the Federal Lead (Pb) Performance Evaluation Program 

(PEP) as an introduction to standard operating procedures (SOPs) for field personnel involved in the PbPEP.

Lead (Pb) Program

In 1970, the Clean Air Act (CAA) was signed into law. Under the CAA, the ambient concentrations of 

six criteria pollutants (particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and 

lead) are regulated. The CAA requires monitoring organizations to monitor these criteria pollutants 

through the Ambient Air Quality Surveillance Program as defined in 40 CFR Part 58.

On November 12, 2008 EPA substantially strengthened the national ambient air quality standards 

(NAAQS) for lead (see 73 FR 66934). EPA revised the level of the primary (health-based) standard from

1.5 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3) to 0.15 μg/m3, measured as total suspended particles (TSP) and 

revised the secondary (welfare-based) standard to be identical in all respects to the primary standard. In 

conjunction with strengthening the lead (Pb) NAAQS, EPA identified the need for states to improve 

existing lead monitoring networks by requiring monitors to be placed in areas with sources that emit one 

ton per year (tpy) or more of lead and in urban areas with more than 500,000 people. Depending on 

specific circumstances, States may have the option of using monitoring for either lead in TSP (Pb-TSP) or 

lead in PM10 (Pb-PM10) using approved Federal Reference Methods (FRM’s) or Federal Equivalent 

Methods (FEM’s) to demonstrate compliance. 

Throughout this document, the term “decision maker” will be used. This term represents the individuals 

who are the ultimate users of ambient air data and therefore may be responsible for activities such as 

setting and making comparisons to the NAAQS and evaluating trends

With the end use of the air quality measurements as a prime consideration, various networks can be 

designed to meet one of the following six basic monitoring objectives:

 Determine the highest concentrations to occur in the area covered by the network

 Determine representative concentrations in areas of high population density

 Determine the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant source or source categories 

 Determine general background concentration levels

 Determine the extent of Regional pollutant transport among populated areas and in support of 

secondary standards

 Determine the welfare-related impacts in more rural and remote areas.

The monitoring network consists of four major categories of monitoring stations that measure the criteria 

pollutants. These stations are described below.

The SLAMS and Tribal Monitoring Network1consists of ~4,000 monitoring stations whose size and 

distribution are largely determined by the needs of State, local, and Tribal (SLT) air pollution control 

agencies to meet their respective Tribal Implementation Plan (TIP) and State Implementation Plan (SIP) 

 

1 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/slams.html
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requirements. A SLAMS monitor is involved in measuring criteria pollutant concentrations for the 

purpose of determining whether the area hosting the monitor is meeting the NAAQS for the pollutant in 

question. 

The NCore Network2is a multi-pollutant network that integrates several advanced measurement systems 

for particles, pollutant gases and meteorology. EPA is coordinating with its SLT partners, who will 

operate the NCore sites, on a list of possible site locations. There are approximately 80 of these sites. 

The Special Purpose Monitoring Stations (SPM) network provides for special studies needed by the 

monitoring organizations to support their SIPs and other air program activities. The SPMS are not 

permanently established and, thus, can be easily adjusted to accommodate changing needs and priorities. 

The SPMS are used to supplement the fixed monitoring network as circumstances require and resources 

permit. If the data from SPMS are used for SIP purposes, they must meet all QA and methodology 

requirements for SLAMS monitoring.

The Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station

3

(PAMS) network is required to measure ozone 

precursors in each ozone non-attainment area that is designated as serious, severe, or extreme. The 

required networks have from two to five sites, depending on the population of the area. The current 

PAMS network has approximately 80 to 90 sites and is likely to change.

Since the data for the SLAMS and Tribal monitoring networks can be used for NAAQS comparisons, the 

quality of this data is very important. Therefore, a quality system has been developed to control and 

evaluate the quality of data in order to make NAAQS determinations within an acceptable level of 

confidence. The EPA used the data quality objective process to determine the allowable measurement 

system imprecision and bias that would not significantly affect a decision maker’s ability to compare 

pollutant concentrations to the NAAQS. Due to the promulgation of the lower Pb NAAQS, EPA made 

some changes in the QA requirements in 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix A. The following are the highlights 

of the changes that occurred in Appendix A:

 DQO Goals - Measurement quality objectives for precision will be 20% for a 90% confidence 

limit coefficient of variation and an overall absolute bias upper bound goal of 15%. Goals will be 

assessed on 3 years of data at the PQAO level of aggregation.

 Flow Rates-No changes occurred to flow rate. Flow rate verification will be implemented 

quarterly (TSP Hi-Vol) and flow rate performance evaluations will be implemented every six 

months.

 Monitoring at Local Conditions – The prior Pb standard required sampling calculated to 

standard temperature and pressure (STP). The new rule requires Pb sampling at local standard 

conditions or ambient conditions.

 Collocated Monitoring-No changes occurred to the collocation requirements. Collocation will 

continue to be required at 15% of each method designation within a primary quality assurance 

organization at a 1-in-12 day sampling frequency. EPA added language encouraging monitoring 

organizations to site the first collocated sampler in each network at the highest concentration site. 

This will allow the site to operate over the longest time period, while still allowing a substitution 

of collocated data for the primary monitor if the site is a NAQQS location, in order to maintain 

completeness for the program. Routine/collocated data pairs will be used when Pb concentrations 

 

2 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/ncore/index.html

3 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/pamsmain.html
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of both samples are greater than or equal to 0.02 g/m3. Prior to 2008, this cutoff value was 0.15 

g/m3.

 Pb Strip Audits-The requirement for the analysis of 6 Pb audit strips per quarter (3 strips at 2 

concentration ranges) has not changed. However, the audit concentrations ranges have changed. 

The lower concentration range is 30-100% of the NAAQS and the higher concentration range is 

200-300% of the NAAQS. This activity does not affect the Pb-PEP field operations; however, the 

service lab for PEP will participate in inter-laboratory comparative performance evaluations.

 Pb-Performance Evaluation Program (Pb-PEP)-The implementation of a program similar to 

the PM2.5-Performance Evaluation program (PM2.5-PEP) is a new requirement, and it provides 

some assessment of overall bias but with additional focus on the laboratory analysis and the local 

primary sampler operating proficiency. It will be a mix of one or two conventional PEP-like

audits with additional collocated sampling. 

The Pb-PEP Description

 A performance evaluation is defined as a type of audit in which the quantitative data generated in 

a measurement system are obtained independently and compared with routinely obtained data to 

evaluate the proficiency of the analyst or laboratory. In the case of the Pb-PEP, the goal is to 

evaluate total measurement system bias, which includes measurement uncertainties from the field 

and the laboratory activities. The pertinent regulations for this performance evaluation are found 

in 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix A, section 3.3.4.4. The number of audits required is based on the 

number of routine sites within a primary quality assurance organization (PQAO). The program 

will require the same number of audit samples as required for PM2.5, however the responsibility 

for collecting the PEP samples may be shared between EPA and the SLT monitoring agencies:

– PQAOs with < 5 sites require 5 audits (1 EPA or independent audit, 4 SLT site-collocated

audits)

– PQAOs with > 5 sites require 8 audits (2 EPA or independent audits, 6 SLT site-collocated

audits) 

The Lead (Pb) QAPP focuses on one QA activity, the Pb-PEP, which is associated with Pb monitoring.

The background and rationale for the implementation of the Pb FRM/FEM monitoring network can be 

found on the Office of Air and Radiation Website4.

The strategy is to collocate a portable Pb TSP air sampling instrument within 2 to 4 meters of a routine 

SLAMS air monitoring instrument, operate both monitors in exactly the same manner, and then compare 

the results. In addition to collocation with a portable audit sampler, 4 or 6 filter samples (depending on 

number of collocated sites within a PQAO as described in 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix A, section 3.3.4.3) 

will be sent to the Pb-PEP laboratory. EPA expects that these collocated samples would be submitted on 

a quarterly basis to the audit laboratory.

The implementation of the Pb-PEP is a monitoring organization responsibility. However, similar to the 

PM2.5-PEP program, EPA has developed a federally-implemented Pb-PEP and provides monitoring 

organizations the option to self-implement or utilize the federally-implemented program. Self 

implementation will require monitoring organizations to meet a level of independence and adequacy.

 

4 http://www.epa.gov/air/lead/
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In general terms, a PE is a type of audit in which the quantitative data generated in a measurement system 

are obtained independently and compared with routinely obtained data to evaluate the proficiency of the 

analyst or laboratory. In the case of the Pb-PEP, the goal is to evaluate total measurement system bias, 

which includes measurement uncertainties from both field and laboratory activities. Independent 

assessment is stipulated by 40 CFR part 58 Appendix A, Section 2.2. Figure 1 was derived to describe an

appropriate level of independence 

Independent assessment—An assessment performed by a qualified individual, group, or 

organization that is not part of the organization that is directly performing and 

accountable for the work being assessed. This auditing organization must not be 

involved with generating the routine ambient air monitoring data. An independent 

organization could be another unit of the same agency, which is sufficiently separated in 

terms of organizational reporting and can provide for independent filter analysis and PE 

auditing.

An organization can conduct the PEP if it can meet the above definition and has a 

management structure that, at a minimum, allows for the separation of its routine 

sampling personnel from its auditing personnel by two levels of management. In 

addition, the analysis of audit filters must be performed by separate laboratory facility 

using separate laboratory equipment. Field and laboratory personnel would be required 

to meet the PEP field and laboratory training and certification requirements. The SLT 

organizations are also asked to consider participating in the centralized field and 

laboratory standards certification process. 

Organization

3rd Level 

Supervision

Organization

2nd Level 

Supervision

Organization 

1st Level 

Supervision

Organization

Personnel

QA Lab Analysis

Organization

1st Level 

Supervision

Organization

Personnel

QA Field Sampling

Organization

2nd Level 

Supervision

Organization

1st Level 

Supervision

Organization 

Personnel

Routine Lab Analysis

Organization

1st Level 

Supervision

Organization

Personnel 

Routine Field Sampling

Organizations that are planning to implement the PEP must submit a plan that 

demonstrates independence to the EPA Regional Office responsible for overseeing QArelated activities for the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network.

Figure 1. Definition of independent assessment
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With respect to Pb sites in the national monitoring network include those using FRM high volume or low 

volume PM10 samplers.

EPA will use the Environmental Services Assistance Team (ESAT) contract that is currently in place in 

each Region to provide the necessary field and laboratory activities for the federally-implemented 

program. Each EPA Regional Office will implement the field component of this activity. The EPA 

Region 9 Laboratory located in Richmond, CA will be responsible for the lab analysis of high volume 

(Hi-Vol) glass fiber filters. OAQPS’s technical support contractor will provide data management support 

including development and maintenance of web-enable data entry forms, web reporting utilities, and 

posting final results to AQS. Note that some Agencies can assume the responsibility of conducting the 

independent audits in their jurisdiction if they can meet the independence and adequacy requirements. 

The following information provides a brief description of the activities as pertains to the Pb-PEP Hi-Vol 

sample collection. Figure 2 provides a basic description of the Pb-PEP in the following steps:

1. EPA will distribute Hi-Vol filters directly to EPA Regions where they will be inventoried, 

inspected and prepared for the field. 

2. The FS staff will take the filters and Chain-of-Custody (COC)/Field Data Sheet (FDS) forms to 

the field and operate the portable TSP Pb sampler.

3. The FS will send the Hi-Vol filters and signed copies of the COC/FDS Forms to the Region 9 PbPEP Laboratory (as well as keeping a set of data and records).

4. The FS will enter the data from the COC/FDS Forms (via web-enable data entry forms) and 

upload the raw sampler data files using OAQPS’s data management website for Pb-PEP.

5. The Region 9 Pb-PEP Laboratory will receive, inspect, and analyze the Hi-Vol filters. The lab 

will validate the analytical results and submit analytical results along with copies of the signed 

COC/FDS Forms to OAQPS’s data management contractor via the AIRQA Web site located at 

https://www.sdas.battelle.org/AirQA/.

6. OAQPS’s data management contractor will process the electronic data submitted by the field and 

lab, associate the related data elements in the Pb-PEP database, perform automated data 

validation checks against the Pb-PEP acceptance criteria, and submit data for EPA’s final review 

and approval.

7. The Regional Pb-PEP leads and National Pb-PEP Lead (or designated QA Officer) will review 

validated Pb-PEP results, indicate approval or rejection, and initiate investigation of any 

questionable data.

8. OAQPS’s data management contractor will prepare the approved data for upload to EPA’s Air 

Quality System (AQS).
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Figure 2. Pb Overview

Field Activities

The portable audit samplers are used in a collocated manner to perform the evaluations. These samplers 

have been approved by EPA as a FRM sampler and are designed to be durable, rugged, and capable of 

frequent transport. These samplers are constructed in sections with rolling cases for portability and 

storage. While these samplers have been specifically designed to perform these evaluations, precautions 

must still be taken to ensure data quality. Basic instructions are found in the Pb QAPP and specific 

instructions are detailed in the Pb Field SOPs. A brief summary of the field activities follows:

 One fully trained operator will transport a portable Pb FRM PE sampling device to an established 

Pb site as selected by the EPA Regional Lead.

 The operator will assemble the instrument; collocate the sampler; conduct a leak check; perform

time, barometric pressure, temperature, flow verifications; install a filter; and operate the 

instrument from midnight to midnight on the same scheduled sampling day as the monitoring 

organization’s sampler.

 If scheduling permits, the operator will leave this location to set up additional audits (Pb or PM2.5) 

at other routine sampling locations. If the schedule does not allow for another set up, the operator 

may perform additional activities at the site, such as scheduling subsequent audits, reviewing and 

verifying data from previous Pb-PEP audits, and completing associated paperwork.
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 The operator shall return to each site within a specified time following the 24-hour sampling time, 

review the run data, download the stored electronic monitoring data, remove and properly store 

the filter for transport, and disassemble the instrument.

 The operator shall properly package the filter, FDS and COC forms, and the data storage media 

following the SOPs for shipment to the predetermined analytical laboratory. 

Laboratory Activities

The Pb-PEP requires extensive laboratory activities such as filter handling, sample extraction, analysis, 

data entry/management and archival tasks. EPA Region 9 has implemented the Pb-PEP laboratory for HiVol filter analysis. Specific detailed instructions will be found in the Pb-PEP QAPP and the Region 9 

Laboratory SOP which is included in the Pb-PEP QAPP as an appendix. In addition to the Good 

Laboratory Practices (GLP) which must be followed, the following activity must also be observed 

concerning the laboratory activity:

 Adherence to the vendor’s operations manual should be followed to ensure analytical equipment 

is used as designed, and all extractions are completed effectively.

 Adherence to the SOPs for the program.

 Adherence to the standards, principles, and practices outlined Pb-PEP QAPP.

 Special attention must also be given to any activity involving filter handling. This area contains 

the greatest potential for measurement uncertainty and care must be given to the proper handling 

of the TSP filters.

For generating a concentration, the critical lab measurement is the Pb concentration in g/filter strip. 

This information can then be used to calculate the Pb concentration on the full TSP filter that, when 

divided by the air volume in cubic meters (m3) pulled through the filter, provides a final concentration 

(g/m3). In addition to these critical measurements, supporting laboratory data will also be collected to 

help identify the samples, ensure proper COC, holding times, and data quality. These additional 

parameters are described in detail in the Laboratory SOPs.

Purpose of this Document

The purpose of the Pb-PEP Field SOPs is to provide detailed procedures to follow when performing the 

following field activities:

 Overview

 Planning, Preparation, and Communication for Sampling Event 

 Equipment Inventory and Maintenance 

 Filter Receipt, Storage, and Handling

 Sampler Transport and Placement

 Sampler Assembly and Maintenance

 Verifications (Leak Check, Barometric Pressure, Ambient Temperature, Flow Rate)

 Calibrations (Leak Check, Barometric Pressure, Ambient Temperature, Flow Rate)

 Sampling Event, Filter Handling, and Post Event Activities

 Data Forms (Field Data Sheet and Chain-of-Custody)

 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)

 Information Retention.
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All methods are to be followed completely. Any deviation must be reported in writing and submitted to 

the WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR. Method improvements are encouraged and should follow the same 

submittal process for approval from the Pb-PEP National Lead before implementing. 

Each SOP section is written as a stand-alone procedure to assist in training and certification activities and 

can be removed from the document and made readily available at the station where the activity takes 

place. The SOPs follow the format for technical SOPs outlined in EPA’s Guidance for the Preparation of 

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) EPA QA/G-6. The QA/G-6 requirements include the following 

topics:

A. Scope and Applicability

B. Summary of Method

C. Definitions (acronyms, abbreviations, and specialized forms used in the SOPs)

D. Health and Safety Warnings

E. Cautions

F. Interferences

G. Personnel Qualifications

H. Apparatus and Materials

I. Instrument or Method Calibration

J. Sample Collection

K. Handling and Preservation

L. Sample Preparation and Analysis

M. Troubleshooting

N. Data Acquisition, Calculations, and Data Reduction

O. Computer Hardware and Software

P. Data Management and Records Management.

Prerequisites

Training and Certification

All field personnel funded by the OAQPS PEP Work Assignment must be trained and certified to perform 

the activities. Training and recommendation for certification can be provided by the Regional 

WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR or by OAQPS. Details on the training requirement and content are 

documented in the Pb-PEP QAPP posted on the AMTIC website at 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/pbpep.html.

Background Literature

Prior to implementing field activities, field personnel are expected to be familiar with the documents 

listed in Table 1. The knowledge level is rated from 1, having in-depth knowledge, to 5, having a basic 

understanding.
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Table 1. Required Reading for the Performance Evaluation Program

Document Knowledge Level

Pb-PEP Field SOPs 1

Pb-PEP QAPP 1

Portable Sampler Operating Manuals 1

Pb-PEP Laboratory SOPs 3

DQO Process 3

QA Handbook Vol. II Part 1 3

40 CFR Part 50, Appendix G 4

40 CFR Part 58, Appendix A 4

Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of the terms used in the Pb-PEP. Acronyms and abbreviations can be 

found in the front of this compendium.

Cautions

Filters

Care in all aspects of filter cassette handling cannot be overemphasized. Additional details of filter 

cassette handling are discussed in Section 3, Filter Receipt, Storage, and Handling. 
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Section 1

Overview of FRM Performance Evaluation Field Activities

1.1 Overview of FRM Performance Evaluation Field Activities

1.1.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP applies to performing field operations for the Pb-PEP FRM and provides an overview of the 

detailed SOPs that follow. 

1.1.2 Summary of Method

A PE is used to determine the total bias for total suspended particulate (TSP) sample collection and lead 

(Pb) analysis. For EPA or independent audits, this type of event involves collocating a portable 

FRM/FEM sampler adjacent to a monitoring site’s routine sampler and sampling for a 24-hour period. 

SLT site-collocated audits will utilize fixed samplers already located at the sampling location. The 

concentrations measured by the two samplers are then compared to assess bias. FRM/FEM PEs will be 

conducted as follows:

 The number of audits required is based on the number of routine sites within a primary quality 

assurance organization (PQAO). The Pb-PEP will require the same number of audit samples as 

required for the PM2.5-PEP, however the responsibility for collecting the PEP samples may be 

shared between EPA and the SLT monitoring agencies:

– PQAOs with < 5 sites require 5 audits (1 EPA or independent audit, 4 SLT site-collocated

audits)

– PQAOs with > 5 sites require 8 audits (2 EPA or independent audits, 6 SLT site-collocated

audits) 

 100% completeness (meaning whatever it takes to get five or eight valid samples)

 All samplers must be audited in a 6 year period.

Special priority will be given to those sampler locations documented or expected to have concentrations 

near the annual NAAQS for lead (40 CFR Part 58, Appendix A, Section 3.4.4.4). The basic operations 

involved with conducting the field portion of the Pb-PEP are described below. 

1.1.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

1.1.4 Health and Safety Warnings

To prevent personal injury, all personnel must heed any warnings associated with the installation and 

operation of the FRM sampler and any supporting equipment and supplies. Specific health and safety 

warnings will generally be found at the point in the operating manual or troubleshooting guide where they 

are most applicable.

1.1.5 Cautions

 Because the portable sampler will be moved from site to site, it is of critical importance that it be 

maintained and calibrated as required, and that all aspects of its operation be checked and verified 

after it is set up at each new site. To function as a reliable standard of comparison, the sampler’s 
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operational parameters must be kept within tight control limits. Consequently, procedures for 

verifying a portable sampler’s calibration and operability are an important part of the field SOPs.

 The sampler will be installed and dismantled many times during the course of the PE trips, and 

caution must be taken to install and maintain the sampler properly to prevent damage. Be 

particularly attentive to performing maintenance on the pump. Refer to the Sampler’s Operations 

Manual for exact instructions on packing the portable sampler, and pack the sampler components 

securely for safe transport by vehicle or by air. Immediately after installation, a leak check must 

be performed and verification checks of temperature, barometric pressure, and flow rate must be 

made and recorded. All necessary corrective actions must be taken before sampling can begin 

with the portable FRM/FEM device.

 For Hi-Vol sampling, exercise care in handling new and exposed glass fiber filters. Never touch 

the filter surfaces with bare hands. Always wear powder-free nitrile or vinyl gloves when 

handling filters. Care should be taken when placing the glass fiber filter in the filter holder and 

placing the protective transport cover on the sample holder. The removal of exposed filters from 

the sample holder should only be performed indoors to prevent loss or destruction of the exposed 

filter. 

 If instructions for labeling and transporting filters are not followed precisely, errors will result. 

Rough handling of exposed filters during packaging or transport should be avoided.

 When the sampler is dismantled, be sure to remove any debris that adheres to the base or legs 

before storing the sampler for transport. To minimize contamination, pack the base or leg portion 

of the sampler separately from the sampler collection module.

 Protect all barometers from mechanical shock and sudden pressure changes. 

1.1.6 Interferences

The interferences associated with this method are those factors that can cause alterations to the flow rate 

of the sampler or in the amount of Pb present on the filter. Interferences can be avoided by following 

these guidelines:

 Avoid handling unexposed or exposed filters in any way that could contaminate the sample. For 

example, avoid the following: rough handling which could cause material loss or tearing of the 

filter; exposing of the filter to dusts or other contaminants; or allowing the face of the filter to 

touch surfaces which could cause contamination.

 Following a sampling period, package the filter promptly and send it to the Pb-PEP Laboratory in 

EPA Region 9 within the specified time. 

 Ensure proper cleaning of the sampler inlet surfaces and interior of the sampler unit, inspection of 

the filter holder frame and rubber gasket, and optimal operation of the brushless blower and mass 

flow controller.

1.1.7 Personnel Qualifications

All personnel responsible for conducting FRM/FEM PEs at field sites must be certified annually by EPA 

as having completed the required training program. These persons are designated as Field Scientists (FS) 

in the Pb-PEP. During this training program, the operators of the samplers must successfully complete an 

extensive, hands-on training session specified by EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards 

(OAQPS). An FS must also complete a written exam with a passing score of 90% or better. These 

training programs will be conducted as required at locations throughout the United States to ensure that 

all operators of the portable samplers are certified and that an adequate number of PE FS staff are 

available in each EPA Region. The hands-on practical examination for annual recertification may be 
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replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS during a Technical Systems 

Audit (TSA). For more information about training schedules and locations, contact EPA’s Regional 

Office or OAQPS. The FS shall be prepared to transport the FRM/FEM device to various sampling 

platforms, including the tops of buildings or distant rural settings. For ease of operation and the safety of 

the operators, the portable FRM/FEM sampler was designed in sections, with each individual sections 

contained in roller boxes. Field personnel must be able to lift and carry these sections up stairs and/or 

ladders.

1.1.8 Equipment and Supplies

Each organization that is responsible for performing the PE will develop standard “kits” of equipment, 

materials, and supplies that are suitable for the make and model of the portable FRM/FEM sampler to be 

used. The contents of these kits will also be determined by the different requirements of the sites to be 

visited for PEs. For example, mounting equipment will, in part, be dictated by how the sites are 

constructed and where/how they are mounted (e.g., building roof, concrete pad, wooden platform).

Section 2.1, Equipment Inventory and Storage, contains an example Field Inventory Form (INV-01) and 

discusses the procedures for field equipment and resupply. The example form must be translated into a 

specific checklist of equipment and materials for each organization. Communications between the FS and 

site personnel prior to the visit are essential and assist greatly in knowing what will be required at each 

site.

1.1.9 Procedures

The FS will perform the following activities, as illustrated in Figure 1-1:

 Receive equipment and consumables, inventory each item, and ensure that supplies are adequate 

to perform field activities.

 Assist in developing a plan for the implementation of field activities and gather pertinent 

information for each site on a Site Data Sheet.

 Transport the appropriate sampling equipment to sites.

 Assemble the portable sampler, collocate the PEP sampler with a sampler from the monitoring 

organization, perform verifications following SOPs, install a filter, and operate the instrument for 

24 hours (midnight to midnight).

 If scheduling allows, leave the original location to set up additional 24-hour PEs at other routine 

sampling locations or to perform additional activities at the site if so tasked. The FS may also 

perform any required maintenance or repair of the portable sampling device.

 Return to each site after the 24-hour sampling period, remove and properly store the filter for 

transport, download the stored electronic monitoring data, enter additional information as 

required, and disassemble and pack the sampler.

 Properly package and ship the filters and the signed COC/FDS forms to the Hi-Vol Pb-PEP 

Laboratory in EPA Region 9.

 Enter the data from the COC/FDS Forms (via web-enable data entry forms) and upload the raw 

sampler data files using the AIRQA Web site.

 Verify that the meta data provided for each audit has been recorded correctly in the data base.

 Participate in or assist with scheduled QA/QC activities of the PEP.
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Figure 1-1. Field Activities in Relation to SOPs
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Section 2

Planning and Preparing for PEP Sampling Events

2.1 Equipment Inventory and Storage

2.1.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP explains the activities involved in conducting an inventory of existing field equipment, 

receiving new equipment and consumables, and maintaining the equipment.

2.1.2 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of the terms used in the Pb-PEP.

2.1.3 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

2.1.4 Equipment and Supplies

The following apparatus and materials are required to perform the procedures in this section:

 Table 2-1, which provides a listing of the equipment and consumables needed for the field

 Field Inventory Form (INV-01)

 Field Procurement Log (PRO-01).

2.1.5 Procedure

2.1.5.1 Equipment Inventory

Table 2-1 provides a listing of the capital equipment and consumables required. The FS will follow the 

procedure below:

 Select Field Inventory Form (INV-01)

 Take a complete inventory of all equipment and supplies

 Keep an original copy and file it under Agency file code “Pb-PEP/301-093-006.6.” Provide a 

copy of the inventory to the EPA Regional WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR.

The FS should maintain a 2-month supply of consumables. During the first weeks of implementation, the 

FS will determine how quickly the consumable equipment supply is used and develop a purchasing 

schedule to ensure that an adequate supply is maintained.

Table 2-1 is a general list of equipment that has been useful in the PEP. FSs should use this list as a basis 

for preparing a specific checklist of equipment and materials for their organizations. Communications 

between the FS and site personnel prior to the visit are essential and assist greatly in knowing what will 

be required at each site. Equipment provided by EPA for the program are noted in the table.
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Table 2-1. Equipment and Supplies

Qty. Pb-PEP Field Equipment and Supplies

Vendor/Catalog 

Number

Make/Model 

Number 

Monitoring Equipment and Supplies

Transport case for loose equipment/consumables

Portable sampler(s) with carrying case Tisch (Hi-Vol) TE-5070 VFC+

8” x 10” glass fiber filters (based on 40 CFR Part 50, 

Appendix B, Section 7.1.3)

Whatman N/A

Chain-of-Custody and Field Data Sheet form printed 

from AIRQA website

https://www.sdas.battelle

.org/AirQA/

N/A

Hi-Vol filter cassettes with protective covers Tisch Environmental N/A

Sample Shipping Containers (corrugated bookfolds 12''

x 9'' x 1'')

Manila envelopes (5'' x 11.5'' ) or equivalent

Manila envelopes (9.5'' x 12.5'') or equivalent

Glassine envelopes (11'' x 5'') or equivalent

Custody seals (tape or stickers)

Bubble wrap

PEP FRM Sampler Operations Manual Tisch Environmental TE-5070 VFC+

Field notebook(s)

Clipboard (8'' x 14'')

Grip binders

Data storage media (SD media card) 2 Gb

Silicone grease for gasket

FRM PEP Field SOPs (this document)

Laptop computer with appropriate data acquisition 

software

Magnetic compass or other means of determining site 

orientation

Tape measure (metric)

Cellular phone

Global positioning system (GPS) device

Mechanical pencils

Markers (indelible)

Mounting Equipment and Tools

Ladder and a rope for hoisting equipment

Hand truck or cart with wheels and straps for 

transporting equipment

Bubble level for checking the portable FRM sampler

Wooden shims or other means for leveling the portable 

FRM sampler

Tool box with basic tools, including the following:
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Table 2-1. Equipment and Supplies (Continued)

2-3

Qty. Pb-PEP Field Equipment and Supplies

Vendor/Catalog 

Number

Make/Model 

Number 

Allen wrenches (metric and standard)

Micro screwdriver set

Pliers (multiple sizes and types)

Screwdrivers (standard straight and Philips 

head)

Wire cutters

Small cable ties

Teflon tape

Electrical tape

Soldering gun/solder

Hemostat (for flow rate troubleshooting)

Flashlight with spare batteries

Heavy-duty, grounded, weatherproof electrical 

extension cord with multiple outlets (25' length)

Heavy-duty, grounded, weatherproof electrical 

extension cord with multiple outlets (12' length)

Tie-down cables, anchors, plywood sheet, and bungee 

cords to anchor and stabilize the portable FRM sampler 

and to dampen vibration (optional)

Masking tape

Packaging tape

Strapping tape

Calibration/Verification Standards and Related 

Equipment

Extra Hi-Vol filter cassettes and transport cover Tisch Env N/A

2 Temperature, pressure, and flow verification device 

with external temperature probe (include backup 

device)

BGI Hi-Vol Cal TC-12

Adapter plate for flow rate verifications (comes with 

BGI hivolCal units)

BGI N/A

Temperature verification/calibration standard (NISTtraceable) with probe (optional)BGI Hi-Vol Cal TC-12

Styrofoam cup and deionized ice water for temperature 

calibrations

Hi-Vol flow-check system (filter holder, glass fiber 

filter, and cover)

Tisch Env N/A

Accurately set timepiece (cell phone)

Hand calculator (scientific)

Spare Parts and Optional Equipment

Spare batteries (for all battery-powered equipment)

Fuses, as required by all equipment used
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Qty. Pb-PEP Field Equipment and Supplies

Vendor/Catalog 

Number

Make/Model 

Number 

Voltmeter/ammeter/ohmmeter for troubleshooting

Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) tester

Portable GFCI device

Camera (digital) for site pictures

Gaskets for motor housing

Gaskets for Hi-Vol filter cassette

Materials for stabilizing sampler (cement blocks, bags 

of sand, wooden splints, etc.) 

Cleaning Supplies and Equipment

Low-lint laboratory wipes for cleaning sampling 

equipment (Kimwipes)

Disposable paper towels

Large locking plastic bag for cleanup of debris, wipes

Soft brush

Supply of deionized water for cleaning and rinsing 

equipment

Available from EPA labs

Isopropyl alcohol to aid in removal of grease and dirt

Alcohol wipes for preloading hand wipe

Penetrating oil (silicone oil or 3-in-1TM)

Lint-free pipe cleaners

Safety pin/dental pick

Lint-free cotton-tipped swabs

Spray bottle

Gloves (powder free, nitrile)

2.1.5.2 Procurement

As consumables run low or as new equipment purchases are necessary, the FS will be responsible for 

helping to procure these items following the policy and requirements described in the ESAT Scope of 

Work. The ESAT contract is written to allow the contractor to purchase consumables, repair equipment, 

and replace parts on the samplers to support the program. Funding for these purchases must be included 

in the ESAT cost estimates, and language must be present in the ESAT Pb-PEP Statement of Work 

reflecting this responsibility. OAQPS is responsible for the procurement of capital equipment such as 

audit samplers and calibrators. The FS should continue purchasing consumable equipment with the same 

model numbers as initially procured unless the EPA Regional WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR suggests a 

different item due to improved quality, reduced contamination, improved ease of use, or lower cost 

(without sacrificing quality). The Regional WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR will report any equipment 

changes that could affect the results of sampling events to the National Pb-PEP Leader.

The following activities will be performed:

 Develop procurement requests as per EPA requirements

 Upon order, add items to the Field Procurement Log (PRO-01)
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 Once a month, provide a copy of Field Procurement Log (PRO-01) to the 

WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR

 File the Field Procurement Log (PRO-01) under Agency file code “Pb-PEP/301-093-006.6.”

2.1.5.3 Receipt of Consumable Equipment

Upon receiving equipment and consumables, the FS will perform the following activities:

 Pull the appropriate purchase order for the incoming items from the files

 Fill out an Equipment/Consumable Receiving Report (REC-01) form, compare the items and 

quantity against the purchase order, and inspect the condition of each item

 If the items received match the purchase order and the condition of the equipment or consumables 

is acceptable, signify this on the form and file it under Agency file code “Pb-PEP/301-093-006.6”

 If the quantity, items, or condition are not acceptable, complete REC-01 with appropriate remarks 

and send a copy of the form to the WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR

 Sign and date the packing list for the order and return it to the purchaser. A scanned then emailed 

copy is acceptable for OAQPS purchases

 Add receipt information to the Field Procurement Log (PRO-01).

2.1.5.4 Equipment Storage

When not in use, equipment should be stored in a clean, dry, and safe location. After completion of a field 

trip and return to the field office, the sampler(s) and associated verification gear should be cleaned, 

maintained as scheduled, and stored for the next trip. All equipment should be clearly identified and 

readily available for the next scheduled field trip.
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Section 2.1: Equipment Inventory and Storage

Field Data Forms
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Field Inventory Form

Item Vendor Model Number Quantity Purchase Date Warranty

Form INV-01
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Field Equipment/Consumable Receiving Report

Date: ___________________________

Received From:

Shipped From:

Shipped Via:

Shipping Charge: Prepaid: Collect: Freight Bill Number:

Purchase Order Number

Quantity Description of Item Condition

Remarks: Accept Shipment _____ Problem ________

Notes:

Form REC-01
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Procurement Log 

Item Model 

Number

Quantity PO 

Number

Vendor Date Cost Initials Accept/ 

Reject

Ordered Received

Form PRO-01
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2.2 Communications

2.2.1 Scope and Applicability 

This SOP describes the methods and requirements necessary to communicate technical information 

between the PEP FS and the organizations intimately involved in the PEP, such as the following:

 ESAT WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR for the FS

 ESAT WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR for the LA

 ESAT LAs

 OAQPS

This SOP focuses on FS communications and does not describe additional ESAT communication 

obligations described in the ESAT Scope of Work. Communications will include reports, e-mails, and 

phone calls.

2.2.2 Summary of Method

An organized communications framework is needed to facilitate the flow of information. Figure 2-1 

represents the principal communications pathways. In general, ESAT contractors will be responsible for 

informing Regional WACOR/TOCOR/DOCORs and Project Officers (POs) on technical progress, issues, 

and contractual obligations. On the technical side, the EPA Regional WACOR/TOCOR/DOCORs will be 

responsible for communicating with SLT agencies and informing OAQPS about issues that require 

technical attention. Contractual issues will be conveyed from the ESAT contractor through POs to the 

ESAT Contracts Office and, if necessary, to OAQPS. EPA’s website is available at 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/pbpep.html.

The ESAT contractors will have frequent 

communication with the Regional 

WAMs/TOPOs/DOPOs about the 

progress of their activities and any 

problems/issues associated with them.

Resolution of these issues should take 

place in the Regions unless the issue 

could affect the program at a national 

level, in which case it should be discussed 

and resolved through an ESAT 

Workgroup conference call. 

2.2.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms 

used in the Pb-PEP.

2.2.4 Equipment and Supplies

The following capital and consumable 

equipment will be required for 

communications:

 Telephone

Figure 2-1. Line of Communication
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 PC (with Internet and EPA e-mail capabilities)

 Printer

 Field communications notebook (or equivalent filing system)

 Writing utensils

 Forms

– Phone Communication Form (COM-1)

– Monthly Progress Report (COM-2).

2.2.5 Phone and E-mail Communications

A communication may be initiated by the WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR, the FS, or the laboratory at any 

time to discuss Pb-PEP-related issues. All communications must be documented and filed in a retrievable

manner. 

During a phone call, the Phone Communication Form (COM-1) may be used to record the highlights of 

the conversation. Alternately, the initiator of the conversation may document this information in an email to participants, saving a printed copy of the e-mail in the in the field communications notebook (or 

equivalent filing system). All electronic and hardcopy files should be maintained as described in 

Section 9, Information Retention. 

Communication notes will include the following:

 Date

 Time

 Personnel involved

 Issue(s)

 Decision(s)

 Follow-up action(s)

 Follow-up action responsibility

 Follow-up action completed by (date).

If follow-up action is required by the FS, the actions will be included in the monthly progress reports (see 

Section 2.2.6). 

2.2.5.1 Filter Request

EPA OAQPS will ship yearly allotments of Hi-Vol glass fiber filters to each EPA Region (and any 

agency that assumes the program). As needed, the Regional WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR (or designee) 

may contact OAQPS to request additional filters to replenish their supply.

2.2.5.2 Filter Shipment Receipt

EPA OAQPS will ship a box of Hi-Vol glass fiber filters to the Regional field offices yearly or as needed. 

Upon receipt, the shipment should be checked for gross damage, logged in, and stored in a clean, dry 

environment within a secure location. 

Note: The shelf life of the glass fiber filters is two years.
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For Hi-Vol Pb-PEP, one filter should be extracted (from approximately the middle of the box) and 

shipped to the Pb-PEP Laboratory in EPA Region 9 as a representative Lot Blank, following standard PbPEP shipping and handling procedures (see Section 3.1.7 and 3.1.8).

The Regional WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR (or designee) will acknowledge receipt of the shipment to 

OAQPS and submit the following information to OAQPS’s data management contractor:

 Air bill number

 Date of receipt

 Condition of shipment

 Filter Lot Number (lot number on cover of box)

 Filter IDs (list the sequence on cover of box)

 Filter ID for Lot Blank

2.2.5.3 ESAT Workgroup Conference Calls

The FS may be asked to participate in ESAT Workgroup conference calls to discuss progress or 

resolution of issues. The WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR will inform the FS of any materials or information 

that needs to be prepared for the call at least 3 days prior to the call. During the call, the FS will use the 

Phone Communication Form (COM-1) to record issues and action items that pertain to his or her 

activities. These items will be included in the next monthly progress report. 

2.2.5.4 Communicating with Reporting Organizations and Site Operators

Dates for the FRM PE visits should be coordinated with the site’s normal operating schedule. This 

coordination must be done in advance so that both the FS and the site operator have ample notice and 

time to prepare for the on-site visit. The WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR (or the FS, as delegated by the 

WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR) will contact each site operator prior to the site visit. Contact must be made 

by telephone if within 30 days of the site visit, but e-mail is sufficient otherwise. Approximately 1 week 

prior to the actual evaluation, the FS will call the site operator to confirm that the PE visit remains on 

schedule and to confirm meeting arrangements. It is also a good idea to review the Site Data Sheet for 

potential changes (especially the AQS Site ID). It is important to cover all details of the planned site visit 

and evaluation. (See Section 2.3.7.3 for additional details on recommended points of discussion.) 

Document the discussions and any action items using the Phone Communication Form (COM-1) or 

equivalent method. The EPA Region 9 Laboratory also should be notified of when samples are 

scheduled.

2.2.6 Monthly Progress Reports

The FS will provide a progress report to the WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR in writing each month (deadline 

is the 15th calendar day of the following month, unless otherwise specified by the 

WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR). The Monthly Progress Report (COM-2) will be used to convey the 

following information:

 Reporting Date (the beginning and end dates of the reporting period)

 Reporter (the person who is writing report)

 Progress (the progress on field activities)

– Evaluations scheduled within the reporting date

– Evaluations conducted within the reporting date

 Issues 
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– Old issues that have been reported in earlier reports and not yet resolved

– New issues that arise within the reporting date 

 Actions—Necessary to resolve issues; includes the person(s) responsible for resolving them and 

the anticipated dates when they will be resolved

 Extra purchases.

2.2.7 Records Management

Monthly progress reports will be archived in the Field Reporting Package file under “Pb-PEP/404-142-

01-173.” Phone communications will be archived in the Field Reporting Package file under “PbPEP/301-093-006.4.” For more details, see Section 9, Information Retention. 
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FORM COM-1

Phone Communication Form

Date: Time: Recorder:

Personnel on Call:

Issue(s):

Decisions(s):

Follow-up Action(s):

Follow-up Responsibilities:

Completion Dates for Follow-up Actions:
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FORM COM-2

Monthly Progress Report

Reporting Date: Start: End: Reporter:

Progress

Sites Scheduled for Month: Sites Evaluated During Month:

Issues

Old: New:

Actions: Actions:

Free-form Notes:
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2.3 Preparation for Pb-PEP Sampling Events

2.3.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP applies to preparing for the FRM PE site visits. 

2.3.2 Summary of Method

Preparation for site visits in the FRM Pb-PEP requires attention to many details and interaction among 

several different organizations. This SOP outlines the planning steps necessary to successfully conduct 

PEs at one or more sites. 

2.3.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

2.3.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

2.3.5 Cautions

 The FS must obey all laws, ordinances, and policies regarding access to monitoring sites and use 

of the property of others.

 The FS shall not represent himself or herself as an employee of EPA or of the federal 

government.

 The FS may not gain access to a monitoring site without the knowledge and permission of the site 

owner or site operator.

 The FS must comply with all applicable laws and regulations in transporting equipment and 

supplies, including those of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the U.S. Department 

of Transportation (DOT).

 The FS must comply with local ordinances, licensing requirements, and “union shop” 

agreements, where applicable. In general, the FS is expected to perform the tasks necessary to 

install and operate the FRM PE equipment; however, electrical rewiring or other modifications to 

monitoring site equipment must be conducted by qualified and properly licensed tradesmen.

2.3.6 Equipment and Supplies

 Sampling schedule

 Site Data Sheet(s) (SD-01)

 Contact information for reporting organization.
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2.3.7 Procedure

2.3.7.1 PEP Sampling Schedule

SLT organizations will work with the EPA Regions to select and develop a list of sites for the evaluations 

conducted in each calendar year on or before December 1 of the previous year. Because changes are 

likely, EPA recommends reviewing and updating the sampling schedule quarterly. The Regional 

WAMs/TOPOs/DOPOs will attempt to determine the most efficient site visit schedule. This schedule 

should be based upon the following:

 CFR requirements for audit frequency

 Meeting the same monitoring schedule as the routine sampler being evaluated

 Site proximity (the sites that are closest in proximity to each other can be visited within the same 

day or week).

It is difficult to provide a general procedure for scheduling site visits because of the number of variables, 

such as the number of sites, the number of samplers at each site, the distance between sites, the sampling 

schedule, and the site access restrictions. 

FRM PEs should be implemented on a normal sampling day so that they do not create additional work for 

the SLT agencies. Thus, for sites that only sample 1 day in 3 days or 1 day in 6 days, this schedule must 

be taken into account when scheduling a PE site visit. However, if the SLT agency is amenable to 

perform a PE on a day other than a routine sampling day and is willing to post the result to AQS, then the 

visit can be scheduled. Accurate reporting of alternate sampling days is critical.

The scheduling approach should attempt to minimize travel costs and maximize the number of sites 

visited. Some suggestions for efficient scheduling include the following:

 Prioritize sites that are expected to be near or above the NAAQS.

 For sites that have seasonally low concentrations, schedule audits during times when 

concentrations are expected to be high for that site.

 Select the sites to be evaluated by geographic area so that travel between sites is minimized. 

 Build in “downtime” for weather, sickness, or other unplanned delays.

After the sampling schedule is developed, it must be sent to all affected reporting organizations. Based 

upon this schedule, the FS will make appropriate travel arrangements. 

2.3.7.2 Development of the Site Data Sheet

For each site, the FS contractor will develop a Site Data Sheet (SD-01) that contains information such as 

the following:

 AQS Site ID

 Monitor POC

 Method designation

 Monitor make and model

 Site coordinates*

 Network type (e.g., SLAMS)*

 Reporting organization*

 Reporting organization contact

 Street address*

 Directions to the site (from the Regional Office)

 Directions to/from a major thoroughfare

 Safety concerns 

 Additional equipment needed (e.g., ropes, 

ladders) 

 Closest hospital (address)
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 Closest facility for current shipping 

vender

 Closest hardware store

 Recommended hotel (address/phone)

 Important free-form notes

 Closest site 

 Second closest site.

* Items marked with an asterisk (*) are available in the AQS. These data are publicly available through 

EPA’s Web site; in the Web browser, enter http://www.epa.gov/aqspubl1/site.htm and go to Monitor Data 

Queries. The criteria pollutant code for Pb-TSP is 14129.

The information previously listed will be kept in a site file (filed by AQS Site ID) and included in a site 

notebook for each FS. Internet software can help provide directions to sites. In addition, maps for each 

state and city where a monitor is located may be acquired. Site locations can be placed on these maps 

along with the site IDs. 

Preparation for one or more PE trips will involve communication among various organizations, including 

the FS’s organization (ESAT), the reporting organization (laboratory), and the site operator. A schedule 

will need to be set, operators notified, travel arrangements made, and all equipment and supplies gathered, 

packed, inventoried, and readied for shipping. The following sections discuss the necessary steps.

2.3.7.3 Final Preparation for PEP Sampling Events and Site Evaluation

The WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR (or the FS, as delegated by the WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR) will contact 

each site operator prior to the site visit to finalize preparations for the Pb-PEP sampling event. Contact 

must be made by telephone if within 30 days of the site visit, but e-mail is sufficient otherwise. 

Approximately 1 week prior to the actual evaluation, the FS will call the site operator to confirm that the 

PE visit remains on schedule and to confirm meeting arrangements. Points to be covered include the 

following:

 Confirming field implementation schedule and setting a location and time to meet.

 Providing assistance in setting up the portable instrument and in completing other tasks (if 

necessary).

 Briefing the operator on what will occur during the evaluation. 

 Discussing the tasks that the site operator will be requested to do to assist with the evaluation.

 Gathering additional information needed for the Site Data Sheet.

 Answering any questions that the site operator may have.

 Emphasizing that the site’s primary Pb sampler will not be adjusted in any way and that the 

operator should not vary his or her ordinary routine to prepare for the PE.

 Verifying that the site’s primary Pb sampler will run on the scheduled day and that the results will 

be posted to AQS.

 Ensuring that all clearances have been obtained so that the site can be accessed as necessary. (A 

site representative must be present at the time of access. If a representative other than the site 

operator plans to be at the site, then the name and phone number of this representative must be 

identified and recorded.)

 Verifying that sufficient electric power is available for the portable FRM sampler and other

equipment.

 Determining if special concerns exist about logistics (e.g., training, equipment).
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If problems are identified during the preliminary discussions with the site operator, arrangements will be 

made to take corrective actions. The following are some suggested corrective actions for commonly 

encountered problems:

 Climbing or other special safety equipment is required:

– Buy or rent appropriate equipment prior to the site visit

– Borrow the necessary equipment from the site operator or the operator’s organization

– Postpone the visit until the situation that requires special safety equipment is remedied, if 

feasible.

 Insufficient power at the site to operate the FRM and the routine sampler (and other site monitors 

and equipment) simultaneously:

– Obtain permission to run an extension power cord from a nearby outlet

– Cancel the site visit and request that adequate power be installed.

 The site will not accommodate the portable FRM sampler within siting requirements (see Table 

2-2):

– Perform the evaluation, flag the situation and resulting data, and contact the EPA Regional 

Office about the situation.

 Special restrictions on site access are in force, such as a requirement for a lengthy background 

check at certain high-security federal installations. (NOTE: An FS is required to observe laws, 

rules, regulations, and policies about access to restricted sites on public or private land. The 

Performance Evaluator shall not “borrow” the operator’s key or access card without the 

knowledge and permission of the site owner.) Options for dealing with this type of situation 

include the following:

– Obtain necessary permissions, keycards, etc. in advance

– Request that the reporting organization or the EPA Regional Office secure the necessary 

written permissions to access the site on behalf of the FS

– Make arrangements for a “cleared” escort to accompany the FS at all times (if this is 

acceptable at the particular site).

NOTE: See Section 2.2 for procedures on communicating with reporting organization site operators prior 

to a site visit.
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Table 2-2. General Siting Requirements for Pb-PEP Samplers

Siting Requirements

The PE sampler must have unobstructed air flow for a minimum of 2 meters for Hi-Vol Pb-TSP in all directions.

The sampler inlet will be placed at a height of 2 meters to 15 meters above ground level (2 meters to 7 meters if 

the routine sampler is designated as a micro-scale sampler).

Vertical distance between the PE sampler inlet and the audited site sampler inlet must be ≤1 meter. Note that 40 

CFR Part 58, Appendix A is silent on this issue for TSP Pb but we are extending the requirement to TSP 

measurements through the Pb-PEP QAPP.

If the PE sampler is collocated with any other particulate matter sampler, the horizontal spacing between sampler 

inlets must be >1 meter for other PM2.5 samplers and >2 meters for high volume total suspended particulate (TSP) 

and PM10 samplers. All samplers must be within 4 meters of each other.

In cases where several samplers are on site and all collocation criteria cannot be met, the FS should confer with 

the EPA Regional Pb-PEP contact to ensure that the PE sampler is appropriately spaced from the primary FRM 

sampler.

The sampler inlet must be level.

Reference: 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix A

2.3.7.4 Travel Arrangements for Pb-PEP Sampling Events

The FS and/or the contractor administrative staff is responsible for making travel arrangements early 

enough to provide a convenient location for the field sampler to access the site(s) to be visited. Step-bystep procedures for making travel arrangements are beyond the scope of this SOP; however, the following 

are some suggestions:

 Make travel arrangements well in advance to ensure the availability of hotel rooms and rental 

vehicles.

 A car or van is the preferable method for transporting sensitive equipment because of the large 

amount of equipment and the potential for rough handling by airlines or commercial carriers.

 Leave some flexibility in the schedule in case of bad weather and other unexpected delays.

 Plan adequate time at each site to perform the FRM PE and to retrieve the sampler equipment 

after the audit, remembering that PEP filters are to be exposed from midnight to midnight.

 Approximately 1 week prior to the actual PEP sampling event the FS will call the site operator to 

confirm that the PE audit remains on schedule and to confirm meeting arrangements.

2.3.7.5 Equipment Preparation for Pb-PEP Sampling Events

Prior to an evaluation excursion and based upon the number of sites to be visited, the following will 

occur:

 Sampling equipment will be inspected to ensure proper operation and adequate supplies.

 Inventory of consumables will be checked to ensure that adequate supplies are available. 

 The FS should carry two or more portable FRMs for each type of PEP audit, set up one or two 

samplers on Day 1, move to another site to set up another sampler on Day 2, and then return to 

the first site to retrieve the sample on Day 3.
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 For Hi-Vol Pb-TSP, at least one spare portable TSP sampler, 3-4 Hi-Vol filter cassettes, and a 

primary and a backup calibration system will be kept on hand. The EPA OAQPS has provided a 

primary and backup BGI Hi-Vol Cal unit for each regional office. 

 Filters will be selected and stored appropriately (per SOPs) for transport to the sites. 

 Filter COC Forms should be reviewed. Glass fiber filters should not exceed one year from 

opening the filter box or two years from the production date.

 Site Data Sheets should be available for each site. For initial visits, some of the information on 

the Site Data Sheets may be blank and must be completed during the first visit. 

 The FS will review the site schedule to be sure that he or she understands which tasks will be 

implemented at the sites visited that week. 

Upon completion of preparation activities, the Regional WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR should be contacted 

or a meeting should be scheduled to review the preparation activities. 

2.3.7.6 Other Advance Planning

The FS should determine the address and hours of operation for contractor shipping facilities in advance. 

Critical Filter Holding Time Requirements 

Ideally, samples will be sent the day of removal to the appropriate laboratory via express courier service. 

The FS should ship the exposed filters (per Section 6.3, Filter Packing and Shipment) within 96 hours of 

the end of the sampling period. Table 2-3 provides a summary of the key activities previously discussed.

Table 2-3. Implementation Summary

Activity Holding Time From To

FS loads filter in the sampler NA FS Office Mounting in sampler

Filter exposure 24 hours Midnight (~12:00 a.m.) of 

prescribed sampling day

Midnight (~12:00 a.m.) 

following the sampling day

Filter collectiona ≤ 24 hours End of sampling period Recovery

Shipped to laboratoryb

(best practice) ≤ 96 hours End of sampling period Shipment

Laboratory analysisc ≤ 30 days Delivery of sample to lab Analysis

a Pb-PEP filters should be recovered within 24 hours after conclusion of exposure for best practice. It would 

acceptable to exceed the 24 hours, but do not exceed 72 hours to avoid passive filter contamination. Document 

the reason on the FDS form.

b The FS will always transport exposed filters and blanks with reinforced envelopes. The SOP calls for

96-hour packaging and shipping after the end of the sampling period.

c Due to the number of filters expected in a given month, the laboratory will be able to batch and analyze all filters 

in one week within a 30 day period. Therefore filters received the day after sampling may be stored for as long as 

30 days before analysis. 
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Section 2.3: Site Visit Preparation

Field Data Forms
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FORM SD-01

Site Data Sheet

AQS Monitor Site ID:

Site Name:

Monitor ID:

Monitoring Frequency: (1/6, 1/3, daily)

AQS Method Designation: Monitor Make/Model:

Site Coordinates Latitude:

Longitude:

Site Type (circle one): SLAMS, SLAMS/NCore, Tribal, 

Special Purpose, Other _____________________

Reporting Organization Address: Reporting Organization Contact:

Name:

Phone Number:

E-mail:

Directions to Site from Field Office:

Direction from Major Thoroughfare:

Safety Concerns: Additional Equipment Needed:

Closest Hospital Address and Directions from Site: Closet Federal Express Facility:

Closest Hardware Store: Recommended Hotel (Address/Phone Number):

Closest Monitoring Site: Second Closest Monitoring Site:

Free-form Notes:
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Section 3

Filter Receipt, Storage, and Handling

3.1 Filter Receipt, Storage, and Handling

3.1.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP applies to the receipt of glass fiber filters to the FS at the field office, the storage of these filters

in the field office and in the field, and the proper handling of the filters throughout field activities. These 

filters will be used with Hi-Vol TSP samplers during the Pb-PEP.

3.1.2 Summary of Method

OAQPS will provide yearly allotments of 8” x 10” glass fiber filters to each EPA Region to be used for 

the Pb-PEP work. The FS will use the 8” x 10” glass fiber filters to generate routine, collocated, and 

blank samples for the Pb-PEP. There will be four types of blanks (Filter Lot, Passive Field, Field, and 

Trip) used in the Pb-PEP. A COC/FDS form will be prepared for all samples. The FS will randomly 

select filters from the box and record the Filter ID numbers to be used on the COC/FDS form found on 

the AIRQA Web site. Each selected filter will be placed in an antistatic bag along with the COC/FDS 

form until they are ready to be used in the field. The glass fiber filters are easily damaged (torn) when 

handling. Thus, the filters must be handled in a manner to prevent the filters from being damaged or 

contaminated and powder-free nylon gloves must be worn at all times when handling the filters.

3.1.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP. The four blanks to be used in the Pb-PEP 

are defined below. 

A Filter Lot Blank is a randomly-selected glass fiber filter by the FS from a newly received box. This 

filter generally is selected from the middle of the box. The FS will process the Filter Lot Blank and 

COC/FDS form and submit to the Pb-PEP Laboratory (EPA Region 9) for analysis. The purpose of this 

blank is to determine if there is any lead contamination in the filters prior to using them.

A Field Blank is a randomly-selected filter used to determine contamination by the FS through filter 

handling during normal set up at the field site. The field blank filter is transported to the sampling site in 

the same manner as the filter(s) intended for sampling, installed in the sampler, removed from the sampler 

without sampling, stored in their protective containers inside the sampler’s case at the sampling site until 

the corresponding exposed filter(s) is (are) retrieved, and submitted to the analytical laboratory for lead 

analysis.

A Passive Field Blank will be sampled from the field sites where lead concentrations are suspected to be 

high. A TSP glass fiber filter will be placed on the sample holder in a collocated sampler of the same 

make and design, to evaluate the level of contamination (lead) prior to a sampling event. The FS will 

place a glass fiber filter in the sample holder using the same procedure as a routine sample. The motor in 

the collocated sampler will not be engaged. The collocated TSP sampler will be closed and the filter will 

passively sample air for a selected period of time. The FS will send the filter to the analytical laboratory 

for lead analysis.
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A Trip Blank is a randomly-selected filter that is taken to the sampling site and transported to the 

analytical laboratory for analysis without having been exposed to sampling procedures. 

3.1.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM Pb-PEs must have attended an initial training course, which 

includes lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% 

must be achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements 

include a written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for 

annual recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the 

FS during a TSA.

3.1.5 Cautions

 Glass fiber filters are rather fragile and should be handled appropriately using powder-free nylon 

gloves.

 Always place the glass fiber filter in the Hi-Vol filter cassette with the Filter ID Number side 

aimed downward.

 Always place the protective cover on the Hi-Vol filter cassette to protect the filter before and after 

sampling.

 Bring backup filters to the site in 9” x 12” self-sealing shipping bag in case a damaged filter is 

noticed prior to the sampling event.

3.1.6 Equipment and Supplies

 Field notebook

 COC/FDS Form(s)

 Extra glass fiber filters in antistatic 9'' x 12'' self-sealed antistatic plastic bags in case of damage 

or contamination to the primary filter sampler before sampling event (NOTE: One filter per 

plastic bag)

 9” x 12” self-sealed plastic bag for COC/FDS forms

 Glassine envelopes for containing exposed filter

 Manila envelope for storing exposed filter and glassine envelop (one sample per envelope) 

 Storage box for sending exposed filter and COC/FDS forms to analytical laboratory

 Two Hi-Vol filter cassettes (3 to 4 Hi-Vol filter cassettes will be provided to each regional 

office).

3.1.7 Filter Receipt

This SOP describes the method for receiving filters sent by OAQPS to the Regional field office. OAQPS

will notify the Regional WAM/TOPO/DOPO and FS of a filter box shipment on the day of shipping. The 

steps for receiving filters include the following:

1. Log receipt of box of 8” x 10” glass fiber filters with Filter Lot Number (if listed on box), and the 

Filter ID number sequence in the field notebook (e.g., “Box of glass fiber filter shipment from 

Regional EPA Office received on 1/1/09). The Filter Lot Number is AJ239 and the Filter 

Number sequence is from A122346 to A122446)”. The Filter Lot Number and Filter Number 

sequence should be easily identified on the outside of the box. Generally, most boxes hold 50 

glass fiber filters.
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2. Upon receipt, inspect the shipping container for damage and record any observed damage in the 

field notebook. Also, record on the outside of the box when it was received and by whom.

3. Submit the filter receipt information to OAQPS’s data management contractor via the Pb-PEP 

data receiving website (see Section 2.2.5.2).

4. Wear powder-free nylon or vinyl gloves to open the box and confirm Filter Number sequence.

5. Select one filter from approximately the middle of the box as the representative Lot Blank. The 

FS will process the Filter Lot Blank and COC/FDS form, submit electronic data to AIRQA, and 

submit the filter to the Pb-PEP Laboratory (EPA Region 9) for analysis (see Section 2.2.5.2).

6. Store the filter box in a clean, dry environment within a secure location until ready for use.

3.1.8 Preparing Filters for Sampling Events

1. Determine the number of samples (routine, collocated, and blanks) to be collected during the 

scheduled sampling event. Set out the same number of Hi-Vol filter cassettes and COC/FDS 

forms.

2. On the top portion of the Hi-Vol filter cassettes, label them based on their usage at the field sites 

(RO = Routine; CO = Collocated; FB = Field blank; and PB = Passive blank). The Trip Blank 

will never be placed in the sampler; it can be processed in a 9” x 12” self-sealed plastic bag.

3. Remove the protective cover from the Hi-Vol filter cassette(s) and unscrew the two nuts holding 

the top part of the cassettes to the bottom. Remove the top portion of the Hi-Vol filter cassette. 

Inspect the gasket seals on the Hi-Vol filter cassettes. If worn, replace seal. 

4. While wearing protective gloves remove a filter from the filter box and inspect the filter for 

damage, pin holes, creases, fold, etc. 

5. On the AIRQA Web site, select “3) EPA or Independent Audit Chain of Custody Form and Field 

Data Sheet”. Choose “Add New” to open a new COC/FDS form. At the top of the COC/FDS 

form, select the sampler to be used during the audit. For TSP filters, the field scientist should 

select the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ samplers. Print the form.

6. In Part 1 of the COC/FDS form enter the Filter Lot Number (if listed on the box), the date 

received, and the Filter ID listed on the filter for the sample to be used during the sampling event. 

Be sure that the correct Hi-Vol filter cassette and Filter ID Number match the COC/FDS forms.

7. Place the filter with the Filter ID side down on the bottom part of the Hi-Vol filter cassette. 

Center the filter on the bottom portion of the cassette. Do not use if the filter shows signs of 

damage.

8. Place the top portion of the Hi-Vol filter cassette on the bottom portion and re-screw the holding 

nuts until the two portions of the cassette are secure.

9. Place the protective cover back on the Hi-Vol filter cassette. Set all filter assemblies aside and 

check when final inventory of supplies are packed for transport to the field site.

10. Repeat Steps 3 thorough 7 for each routine, collocated, and field blank filter to be used in the 

field audit (the trip blank is kept in the 9” x 12” antistatic bag).

11. Prepare 2-3 backup filters in 9” x 12” antistatic bags in case problems occur (e.g., filter tear, 

contamination) with the routine sample prior to the sampling event. These extra filters brought as 

backup filters do not need to assigned a COC/FDS at this time. 
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3.1.9 Filter Handling

The FS must wear powder-free gloves during all operations of handling the glass fiber filters. These 

operations include: placement and removal from the Hi-Vol filter cassettes, folding the exposed filter 

after the sampling event and placement in the glassine envelope, placement in the manila envelope, and 

finally packing in the shipping box to the analytical laboratory.

For more details of these operational instructions on filter handling during setup and sampling, please 

refer to Section 6.1, Conducting the Filter Exposure.

3.1.10 Filter Storage

1. Place all the labeled COC/FDS forms in a 9” x 12” plastic bag and store them with the filter 

assemblies (filter and Hi-Vol filter cassette). Also place the backup filters and extra COC/FDS 

forms in the container to take to the field site. Place the container in a secure area to avoid 

tampering by unauthorized individuals. 

2. The original box of unexposed filters should be stored in a clean, dry environment within a secure 

location at the Regional field office. The box of glass fiber filters should only be opened in a 

controlled environment such as a laboratory or office.

3. Upon returning from the sampling event, any backup filter not exposed to the field site can be 

used for the next sampling event. Do not remove these filters from the plastic shipment bags.

Store these filters in the same location as the unexposed filters at the Regional field office.
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Section 3.1: Filter Receipt, Storage, and Handling

Field Data Forms
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COC/FDS Pb-PEP Chain-of-Custody/Field Data Sheet Form
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Section 4

Transportation of the Sampler and Installation at the Site 

4.1 Sampler Transport and Placement

4.1.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP describes the transport of the Hi-Vol TSP sampler to field sites for the Pb-PEP. The ESAT PbPEP field scientist will use Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ portable sampler to conduct the Pb-PEP audits. 

4.1.2 Summary of Method

Prior to an audit, the field scientist must assign one sampler as the primary and a second sampler as the 

backup. Both portable samplers will be checked at the field office to ensure that all parts are available 

and are in good working condition. The sampler components will be packed into their carrying cases for 

transport to the field. Once at the field site, the equipment will be assembled and placed near the site’s 

routine TSP sampler or collocated samplers to be audited based on siting criteria in 40 CFR Part 58, 

Appendix E.

4.1.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

4.1.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

4.1.5 Cautions

 The equipment must be packed and shipped to avoid damage to fragile components. If 

improperly packed, these components could loosen and cause damage to circuit boards and other 

delicate components.

 If sampler travel cases are used, they must be secured in the transportation vehicle to avoid 

movement or jostling of the sampler during transport. If space is available the sampler can be 

transported completely assembled, but must be properly secured in the vehicle.

 The manufacturer’s instructions must be followed carefully to avoid damage to the sampler and 

ensure proper operation. 

 The portable sampler may need to be hoisted onto a rooftop or an elevated platform at some sites. 

As part of the planning process, determine any site-specific equipment that is required to 

transport the portable sampler to the sampling platform. This information should be included in 

the Site Data Sheet (see Section 2.3).

 The weight of the transport cases is not trivial and should be handled with personal safety in 

mind.
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 The Volumetric Flow Controller (VFC) of the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler should never be 

transported to the site while installed to the main unit. The throat of the VFC is not durable and 

will break under stress or constant vibration. 

 Because of their relatively large height to footprint, theses samplers can be blown over in a wind 

storm. Be aware of impending inclement weather and always prepare for the worst. Sandbags 

and tie-downs should be in the extra supplies inventory.

4.1.6 Equipment and Supplies

The Tisch sampler is stored in large rolling cases. The sampler should be transported to the site in its 

cases and assembled on site. The Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler should never be assembled and 

transported to the site. Transport while assembled risks breaking the VFC component. The Tisch 

samplers consist of four major components (VFC, main unit, roof, and leg base). The equipment needed 

for setting up a high volume Pb-PEP audit include:

 Completely assembled TSP sampler

 Primary and backup BGI Hi Vol Cal units and adapter plate.

 Additional tools include the following:

– Assorted hand tools (e.g., screwdrivers, pliers, wrenches)

– Spirit level (an ordinary bubble level is sufficiently accurate) for leveling the sampler

– Measuring tape (metric)

– Hand truck or cart and hoisting equipment (e.g., ladders, rope) for transporting equipment to 

the sampling platform.

4.1.7 Procedures

4.1.7.1 Transportation of Equipment to the Site

The portable TSP samplers will transported with the transfer standards, tools and equipment to each site 

selected for a Pb-PEP performance evaluation. The Pb-PEP encourages the use of ground transportation

to sites due to the nature of the sampling equipment, the possibility of rough handling during air 

transportation, and the cost of shipping. It is important to observe the following guidelines when 

transporting equipment for the Pb-PEP:

 Prior to traveling, consider the number of sites to be visited and take an inventory of the field 

equipment to:

– Determine how many portable samplers will be required for the trip. Take at least one 

additional portable sampler as a spare.

– Ensure that there are sufficient glass fiber filters for each type of sample required for the 

evaluation (i.e., routine sample, field blank, trip blank, passive field blank, collocated 

sample). Pack extra filters individually in self-sealed plastic bags in case of damage or 

contamination.

– Ensure that there are sufficient transport cassettes for the samples to be collected.

– Ensure there are enough glassine envelops, shipping container envelopes, shipping 

containers, and Chain-of-Custody/Field Data Sheet (COC/FDS) forms for each audit in the 

trip. 

 Load and unload the sampler from your vehicle promptly and approach the sampling location 

from the downwind direction if possible.
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4.1.7.2 Transportation of Equipment to the Sampling Platform, Siting and Placement

Upon arriving at the sampling site, the following steps should be taken:

1. Inspect the actual location, e.g., on the sampling platform, where the portable sampler will be setup for safety. Be observant for potential hazards. If the site is not safe, contact the regional 

WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR.

2. Place the Pb-PEP TSP sampler to meet the following siting criteria:

– The Pb-PEP TSP sampler must have unobstructed air flow for a minimum of 2 meters in all 

directions.

– The Pb-PEP TSP sampler must be >2 meters from the sampler being audited but within 4 

meters.

– The Pb-PEP TSP sampler inlet must be >2 meters away from all other samplers and 

analyzers. 

– The sampler inlet will be placed at a height of 2 meters to 15 meters above ground level (2 

meters to 7 meters if the routine sampler is designated as a micro-scale sampler).

– In cases where several samplers are on site and all collocation criteria cannot be met, ensure 

that the Pb-PEP TSP sampler is appropriately spaced from the primary Pb FRM/FEM 

sampler.

– The sampler inlet must be level.

– Vertical distance between the Pb-PEP TSP sampler inlet and the audited site TSP sampler 

inlet must be ≤1 meter.

3. If the location that is designated for the Pb-PEP TSP sampler does not appear to conform to the 

siting requirements, document this in the field notebook and follow-up with official 

communications to the site contact and the EPA Regional WAM/TOPO/DOPO (via phone). 

Notes should also be recorded on the COC/FDS form.

4. If the siting problem is rectified, document this in the field notebook and notify the 

WAM/TOPO/DOPO. If the siting problem is not rectified, do not proceed with the sampling 

event unless directed by the WAM/TOPO/DOPO.

5. After the location is set, determine the best method for transporting the traveling cases to the site.

6. The sampling equipment and verification device(s) must be transported in their traveling cases to 

the sampling platform or site position.

7. Under rainy conditions, the FS should determine the best place to assemble the Pb-PEP TSP 

sampler and transport it to the field site.

8. All verification equipment must be transported to the sampling platform to give this equipment an 

opportunity to equilibrate to ambient conditions prior to use (approximately 1 hour).
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Section 5

Sampler Setup and Performance Verifications

5.1 Sampler Assembly

5.1.1 Scope and Applicability

This section describes the routine procedures for assembling the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP samplers. If 

other models of approved FRM TSP audit samplers are used for Pb-PEP activities, EPA will ensure that 

those sampler’s instruction manuals are made available to the FS.

5.1.2 Summary of Method

Assembling the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler involves connecting the stand to the main unit and 

securing the roof. The Volumetric Flow Controller (VFC) will need to be connected to the base on the 

filter holder compartment at the site. The sampler should never be transported with the VFC installed. 

The throat of the VFC is not durable and will break under stress or constant vibration with the main unit. 

The sampler must be positioned at the SLT monitoring site following requirements in 40 CFR Part 58 

Appendix E, then leveled and firmly anchored to the ground. The sampler is connected to a grounded 

GFCI electrical receptacle and powered on. The FS will verify the current date and time of the audit 

sampler and adjust as needed.

5.1.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

5.1.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

5.1.5 Health and Safety Warnings

 The main unit of each sampler weighs approximately 35 lbs. Take special care when carrying or 

lifting the main unit while assembling or moving the sampler.

A verification check of calibration certificate against the VFC+ G factor and serial number must be performed by 

the FS when the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler is initially received at the Field Office from the vendor. The 

G factor must also be manually entered into the sampling unit and it is highly recommended to label the VFC, 

sampler’s main unit, and traveling cases to ensure VFC and G factor is dedicated to a single sampler. The labeling 

mechanism should include: a color-coded indicator that easily can be recognized, the VFC G factor, the VFC 

Serial Number, and the certification date. A good place to store this information is on the sampler’s main unit on 

the inside door of the VFC+ controller box.
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 Safety is the priority. Always be careful when attaching the AC power connection. Do not 

attempt to connect the main power if any power connectors or wires appear cracked, frayed, or 

wet. Do not immerse power cords in water or other liquids.

 Avoid unnecessarily opening the control panel or touching internal electrical components while 

the AC power is in use. Be very careful when it is necessary to make adjustments while the 

power is on, such as when adjustments are made on the circuit boards during some calibration 

procedures.

 Make sure that the electrical outlet used with the Pb-PEP equipment is connected through a 

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) device. If not, a portable GFCI device may be used.

5.1.6 Cautions

 Lifting the main unit of the sampler and placing it on the stand could be cumbersome and 

difficult. If necessary, ask another person for assistance in attaching the main unit to the leg 

assembly.

 Periodically check the gaskets on the sampler’s sample holder, adapter plates, and Hi-Vol filter 

cassettes. Replace gasket if it is brittle, cracking, or pieces are missing.

 Check and clean the area around the sample holder compartment and the top mounting screen of 

the motor assembly (located inside the opening to the top of the main unit). 

 When the sampler is dismantled, be sure to remove any soil or debris that adheres to the stand 

legs before storing them for transport. 

 The operating area for the FS may include more than one time zone. The FS needs to be aware of 

time zone changes and set up monitors based on the local standard time of the audited sampler.

 The FS should always download data prior to packing for transport and always check that data 

has been downloaded before resetting the sampler for the next run.

 The Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler uses a SD card or USB drive for data download, it will be 

necessary to ensure your laptop computer can accept and read the SD card or USB drive from the 

sampler. The file generated by the sampler is a CSV file so to read it easily it should be imported 

into a spreadsheet program.

5.1.7 Equipment and Supplies

 Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler

 Printed copy of the COC/FDS from the AIRQA Web site

 Instruction manual

 25-foot outdoor extension cord with ground (maybe longer for certain sites; this should be 

determined during initial site inspections)

 Bubble leveling device

 Shims for leveling instrument

 Assorted tools, including screwdrivers and pliers

Best Practice Note: Where permanent GFCl devices are not available, portable GFCl devices may be used. One 

type contains the GFCI circuitry in a plastic enclosure with plug blades in the back and receptacle slots in the 

front. It can be plugged into a receptacle, and then the electrical product is plugged into the GFCI device. 

Another type is an extension cord combined with a GFCI. It adds flexibility in using receptacles that are not 

protected by GFCl devices.
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 Flashlight for inspection of various sampler assemblies

 Pen or pencil for marking the sampler for reassembly

 Soft brush 

 Lint-free wipes

 Static-free and powder-free Gloves 

5.1.8 Placement and Installation Procedure for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler

This procedure applies to the placement and installation of the TSP samplers at the field site; however, it 

is also applicable for indoor setup when testing the sampler before field use. 

NOTE: Prior to assembling the sampler, the FS should set the verification equipment in a protected 

and shaded outdoor location to allow for equilibration.

5.1.8.1 Setting up the Leg/Base Assembly

NOTE: To avoid possible personal injury and sampler damage, care should be used when attaching 

the main unit of the sampler to the stand base. The best way to understand this procedure is by 

working with an experienced person to set up a sampler. The following steps should be used to 

assemble and level the sampler and securely anchor the sampler at the field site:

1. Place the travel cases as close to the actual sampling locations as possible. The bottom of the 

sampling unit should be kept off the ground to prevent debris from entering the sampler. The 

VFC/motor unit should also not be placed on the ground so that the vent located on the bottom of 

the motor can be kept free of dirt and debris. 

2. The stand should be received pre-assembled from the vendor and it is advisable to check all 

screws to make sure they are tight before any weight is placed on top of the stand. The flat metal 

panel that connects two of the legs is deemed the back of the stand (Figure 5-1).

5.1.8.2 Assembling the Sampler Main Unit to the Leg/Base Assembly 

1. Remove the main unit from its travel case using the handles, and set it down askew on the stand 

so it sits without any of the pins going through any of the holes on the bottom of the sampler unit 

(Figure 5-2). Open the front door for better visual alignment with easier placement of the unit on 

the pins of the stand.
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Figure 5-1. Tisch TE-5170 VFC+

Sampler’s Legs/Stand Base Assembly.

Figure 5-2. Tisch Sampler’s Main 

Unit Askew on Base Assembly.

2. Using the open door to visually see the pin and hole locations, line up the two back pins of the 

base unit with the two holes on the bottom of the sampling unit and set the sampler down flush 

(Figure 5-3). Once the back of the sampler has been lined up, carefully line up the front pins of 

the leg/base assembly with the front holes of the sampler and set the sampler down so all four 

pins are through all four holes as shown in Figure 5-4.

Figure 5-3. Back Pins Aligned with 

Leg/Base Assembly on the Tisch 

Sampler

Figure 5-4. Completely Aligned Sampler 

and Leg/Base Assembly for the Tisch 

Sampler
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3. Use the clips on the leg/base assembly to clamp the 

main unit and leg/base assembly together (Figure 5-5). 

All four clips should be connected, however if any are 

broken there must be at least on clip on each side of the 

sampler connected for the sampler to be adequately 

connected to the leg/base assembly.

4. Verify the differential pressure ports are operational by 

tracing the Tygon tubing from the back of the VFC+ 

controller box to a “T” that branches to the differential 

port on the sample holder and the pressure port on the 

side of the sampler (see Section 5.1.9.10). 

5.1.9.3 Attaching the Volumetric Flow Controller 

(VFC)/Motor Assembly

1. Verify the VFC/motor matches the sampler unit by 

comparing their unique labels (Figure 5-6) as described 

in Section 5.1.1. Remove the VFC/motor from the 

travel case.

2. Place the VFC/motor assembly on the bottom panel of 

the leg/base assembly by tilting the motor of the VFC 

and position it through the top opening of the leg/base 

assembly.

3. Place the provided gasket (lightly vacuum 

greased) on top of the VFC inlet.

4. Lift the VFC/motor up to the collar hanging 

down from the indoor ceiling of sampler unit. 

It is important to hold the VFC unit by the 

motor and apply as little pressure to the neck of 

the VFC as possible (Figure 5-7).

5. Holding the VFC/motor in place, screw the 

collar onto the threads of the VFC inlet. Once 

the collar is snug, carefully tighten the 

VFC/Motor, by rotating the motor unit and 

keeping the collar stationary to finish the 

attachment process.

6. Connect the electrical plug from the back of the 

control panel to the electrical plug of the 

VFC/motor (Figure 5-8).

Figure 5-5. Clips Used to Secure the 

Tisch Sampler to the Leg/Base 

Assembly

Figure 5-6. Unique Labels for the Tisch 

Sampler’s VFC and VFC+ Controller 

Box/Main Unit
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Figure 5-7. Hold the Tisch Sampler’s 

VFC/Motor at Base of the Motor 

Assembly

Figure 5-8. Electrical Connection of the 

VFC to the Tisch Sampler Main Unit

5.1.9.4 Assembling the Roof to the Sampler Main Unit

1. Remove the roof assembly from the travel case.

2. Line up door hinges on roof assembly with the hinge holders on the back of the sampler unit. 

Allow the hinges to slide into place into the hinge holders. The hinges should sit securely, so no 

screw/pin attachments will be necessary (Figures 5-9 and 5-10).

Figure 5-9. Roof Assembly Hinges Resting on Tisch Sampler’s Hinge Holders
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Figure 5-10. Roof Assembly Hinges Securely in Tisch Sampler’s Hinge Holders

5.1.9.5 Leveling the Sampler

1. Place the assembled sampler in its designated location based on the siting criteria in 40 CFR Part 

58 Appendix E. The leg supports for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler may need to be anchored 

to the ground or platform. If there is any question about the sampler’s stability at a particular 

location, then the FS must affix the sampler to the platform or flooring so that the following 

installation criteria are met:

 The sampler must not tip over due to high winds, vibration, or any other event that might be 

expected to occur during the 24-hour exposure period.

 The sampler must not be subject to excessive vibration, whether due to external sources (e.g., 

a nearby train track) or internal sources (e.g., pump motor vibrations). 

 The sampler must remain level throughout the filter exposure.

2. Open the roof of the sampler and place a bubble level on the inside of the main unit next to the 

sampler holder.

3. Adjust the TSP sampler so that bubble level indicates that the sampler is level (bubble inside the 

lines on the level). Conduct the final leveling of the unit only after the major installation tasks 

previously described have been completed. Repeat the leveling process if any subsequent 

activities cause the sampler to shift.

4. Adjust the sampler’s horizontal angle by placing thin shims of wood or other solid material under 

the legs. Observe safety precautions; it may require two people to safely place the shims. Verify 

that the sampler remains secure after the shims are in place. The shims may need to be secured 

with a screw inserted through the hole in the foot of the leg. 

One option might be to fasten the legs to a piece of plywood and level the unit by placing shims 

underneath. Sandbags or bricks could be placed on the plywood to secure the sampler.

5.1.9.6 Powering the Unit

Connect the power by using the following steps:

1. For AC operation, plug the AC power supply unit into a 110/120-volt grounded outlet. If an 

extension cord is needed, the extension cord must be for outdoor use and also be grounded. 

These samplers draw substantial current as they start-up. Any extension cord should be rated for 

20 amps to be on the safe side.

2. If there is only one outlet available, the use of an expansion device (i.e., three-way splitter) is 

allowable. To protect the device from weather, place the splitter inside a plastic bag. If 

necessary, tape the bag shut to prevent moisture from entering the power strip and causing an 

electrical shortage to the sampler. However, the SLT operator must handle their own equipment. 

Be sure that the expansion device is capable of handling the same level of current as the circuit. 

A surge of power at startup can cause problems with the sampling device. If two samplers are 
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plugged into the same circuit their start times should be staggered by three to five minutes in 

order to accommodate the power surge.

3. As soon as the sampler is plugged in, the unit will turn on automatically. Open the front door of 

the main unit and verify the screen is on. 

The screen will light up and display the Startup 

screen and within a few seconds to the Main 

Menu screen (Figure 5-11). (Note: The 

sampler’s serial number is not given on the 

electronic display. It can be located on a label on 

the door of front panel of the sampler.)

4. Fill in Part II – Sampling Event Information of 

the COC/FDS. Note that the sampler type and 

sample type must be properly selected to reveal 

all required verification fields.

5.1.9.7 Setting Date and Time

NOTE: The operating area for the FS may include 

more than one time zone. The FS must be aware of 

time zone changes, set samplers up based on the local 

standard time, and ensure that PEP sampler’s start and stop times match those of the audited sampler.

After the sampler has been successfully installed and powered-up, the date and time should be checked 

and, if necessary, adjusted to the local standard time. All Pb-PEP samplers should be synchronized 

within 1 minute of a known time standard, such as an atomic watch. The time and date will be 

displayed on the Main Menu screen, if either are incorrect, use the following procedure to set or adjust the 

Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler’s date and time:

1. From the Main Menu screen, press “F3” to enter the Setup menu. A message will appear 

informing the user “TIMER WILL NOT EXECUTE WHILE IN SETUP!” - press the “ENT” key 

on the keypad.

2. Using the UP and DOWN arrow keys on the keypad, highlight CONFIGURE and press the 

“ENT” key to enter the configure menu. If the date and time are correct, press the “ESC” button 

to return to the Main Menu screen. If the date and time are not correct use the keypad to enter the 

correct date and time. Highlight the Date field, and press the “ENT” key to make edits. Using 

the keypad enter the date in MM/DD/YY format and press the “ENT” key again when completed. 

To change the time use the Up/Down arrow to highlight the Time field, and press “ENT” to make 

edits. Using the keypad, enter the time in HH:MM format, press the “ENT” key again when 

completed. The hours are in military time (24 hours from “0” to “24”).

3. Press the “ESC” key twice to return to the Main Menu screen.

4. In Part III – TSP Verification Checks of the COC/FDS, record results of the time check.

Figure 5-11. Tisch Sampler’s Main Menu 

Screen
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5.1.9.8 Setting Initial Sampler Configuration

Note: This step must be completed upon sampler receipt. Settings should be verified before any 

sample run.

1. From the Main Menu screen, press “F3” to enter the Setup menu. A message will appear 

informing the user “TIMER WILL NOT EXECUTE WHILE IN SETUP!” - press the “ENT” key 

on the keypad.

2. Using the UP and DOWN arrow keys on the keypad, highlight CONFIGURE and press the 

“ENT” key to enter the configure menu. Scroll down to Q CONDITIONING, press the “ENT” 

key. Select “AMB” for ambient conditions and press “ENT” to save the settings.

3. From the CONFIGURE Menu, scroll down once from Q CONDITIONING to Q SET. Press the 

“ENT” key, and change the sampler flow volume to “44”. Press “ENT” to save the settings.

4. From the CONFIGURE Menu, scroll down to LOG INTERVAL and press the “ENT” key. This 

setting will change the time interval the data is recorded during sampling runs. Set the interval to 

“5” to represent five minutes and press the “ENT” key to save the settings.

5. Press “ESC” to return back to the Main Menu screen. See setting summary below: 

5.1.9.9 Verifying the Correct G Factor Setting in Sample Unit

1. From the Main Menu screen, press “F3” to enter the Setup menu. A message will appear 

informing the user “TIMER WILL NOT EXECUTE WHILE IN SETUP!” - press the “ENT” key 

on the keypad.

2. Using the UP and DOWN arrow keys on the keypad, highlight CALIBRATE and press the 

“ENT” key to enter the calibration menu. Highlight QAMB and press the “ENT” key.

3. Confirm the G factor (labeled as A1 on the QAMB screen) matches the attached VFC G factor. If 

it matches return to the Main Menu screen. If it does not match, proceed to step 4.

4. Press the “ENT” key to bring up the A1 value. Type in correct G Factor number provided by 

vendor. Press “ENT” and select SAVE SETTINGS when prompted. Do not select save factory 

calibration, or all parameter settings will need to be reset and verified.

5. Return to the Main Menu screen by pressing the “ESC” key twice.

6. In Part III – TSP Verification Checks of the COC/FDS, record results of the G factor check.

5.1.9.10Verifying the Differential Pressure Ports are Properly Connected

1. Trace the Tygon tubing from the bottom of the controller box to a “T”. At the T, one part runs to 

the port on the side of the sampler. The second part of the T runs to the port on the sample holder. 

CONFIGURE:

Q CONDITIONING: AMB

Q SET: 44.0

LOG INTERVAL: 5
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2. Locate the sample holder port by reach behind the controller box and then up on the right-hand 

side should be a metal nub (sample holder port).

3. If the Tygon tubing is not connected to the sample holder port, take the tubing and place over the 

port.

4. Place over the knob of the port and connect the tubing. It will fit rather snuggly.

5. Next, verify the differential pressure is reading.

6. Use the thumb screws to secure the adapter plate to the sampler.

7. Press the “F3” key at the Main to enter the Setup Menu. Press the “ENT” key to bypass the 

warning message. Using the arrow keys highlight DIAGNOSTIC and press the “ENT” key. 

Highlight MOTOR using the up/down arrows and press the “ENT” key. The motor will turn on.

8. Look at the display screen and note the value for the pressure differential. Depending we are 

located in the US; this value should be around 6 inches of water with no filter in place and the 

motor running.

9. Take the Plexiglas used for leak checks and cover the opening on the adapter plate about half 

way.

10. Look at the display screen and the pressure differential value should have increased. This means 

the pressure differential is working properly.

5.2 Leak Check Procedures

5.2.1 Scope and Applicability

This section of the SOP applies to performing the mandatory leak check procedure for the Pb-PEP. Each 

portable TSP Pb-PEP sampler will be checked for leaks before the flow rate verification occurs. The leak 

check procedure verifies the there are no leaks from the sampler holder assembly through the sampler’s 

flow rate measurement sensor. 

5.2.2 Summary of Method

The leak check procedure is used to verify that the sampling system is adequately free from leakage that 

could cause an incorrect measurement of flow rate. The FS will start the motor of the sampler and place a 

Plexiglas plate over the adapter plate fixed to the inlet. If a leak is present, the FS will hear a high pitched 

whine. The leak check must be successful before flow rate verification can be performed. To assess 

leakage within the filter assembly refer to troubleshooting procedure (see Section 5.2.7.2).

5.2.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

5.2.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 
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achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

5.2.5 Cautions

1. Do not connect any other device to the adapter plate when conducting this procedure.

2. Be careful of any sharp edges on the Plexiglas.

3. Do not block the opening to the top of the adapter plate with the Plexiglas for more than 5 

seconds; it will cause a strain to the motor blower.

5.2.6 Equipment and Supplies

 Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler

 Adapter plate (Either Hi-Q FHA-810CF adapter plate and two black secure bars, the BGI adapter 

plate, or Tisch adapter plate can be used.)

 1⁄4” thick Plexiglas measuring at least 5” x 5” to close flow opening at the top of the adapter plate.

 Chain-of-Custody/Field Data Sheet (COC/FDS) form

 2 Hi-Vol filter cassettes

 FS field notebook

These procedures apply to performing a leak check on the TSP samplers at the field site; however, it is 

also applicable for indoor setup when testing the sampler before field use. 

5.2.7 Procedure for Conducting a Leak Check on the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler

5.2.7.1 Conducting a Leak Check

1. Unpack, install, and power the sampler at the site as described in Section 4, Sampler Transport 

and Placement, and in Section 5.1. 

2. Release the S-latch on the roof lock and open the roof. 

Insert the roof security S-latch pin to the rear latch of

the roof assembly when in the open position. (For 

safety, always insert the roof security quick release 

pin when the sampler’s roof assembly is open.)

3. Open the sample holder by loosening the large black 

thumb nuts and remove the transport filter. A 

transport filter should be in place when sampler is the 

process of being moved to reduce any contamination.

Remove the transport filter and cassette for the 

sampler leak check.

Figure 5-12. View of the Tisch 

Adapter Plate on Sampler Assembly

for Leak Check of a Tisch Sampler
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4. Place the adapter plate on the Hi-Vol filter cassette. Secure the adapter plate to the sampler by 

tightening the black thumb nuts (see Figure 5-12). 

5. From the Main Menu screen, press “F3” to enter the Setup menu. A message will appear 

informing the user “TIMER WILL NOT EXECUTE WHILE IN SETUP!” - press the “ENT” key 

on the keypad. Using the Up/Down arrow keys highlight Diagnostics and press “ENT”. Use the 

Up/Down arrow keys to highlight “MOTOR” and press the “ENT” key to turn the motor on.

6. Slowly place the 5” x 5” piece of Plexiglas cover on the opening of the adapter plate. Listen for 

hissing or whistling sound for no more than 5 seconds. This will demonstrate the system has a 

leak. There are no quantitative measurements for leak checking a TSP sampler. If a leak is 

detected, follow the troubleshooting steps for leak check failure (see Section 5.2.7.2).

Caution: Do not leave the Plexiglas cover over the opening for more than 5 seconds or 

motor could over-heat and burn out.

7. Once the leak check has been performed, pressing the “ENT” key while MOTOR is highlighted 

will turn the motor off.

8. In Part III – TSP Verification Checks of the COC/FDS, record results of the time check. If the FS 

needed to perform troubleshooting steps, include comments under the Notes section on the 

COC/FDS form and in the FS field notebook. 

NOTE: The leak test must be successful prior to performing the flow rate verification or using the 

sampler to acquire a PE sample.

5.2.7.2 Troubleshooting When the Leak Check Fails

The following troubleshooting procedures should be used when a sampler does not pass the leak check:

1. Ensure the motor is off before starting troubleshooting steps.

2. (Check 1) Check the thumbs nuts are completely tightened. If the nuts were loose, try the leak 

check again. Perform steps 5 through 7 in Section 5.2.7.1. 

3. (Check 2) Visually examine the gasket of the sample holder for cracks, missing pieces, or debris 

that would affect a tight seal. Again, perform steps 5 through 7 in Section 5.2.7.1.

4. (Check 3) Try to further tighten the VFC/motor to the collar of the sampler unit. Tighten the 

collar as much as possible then rotate the VFC/motor assembly to thread it further. Perform steps 

5 through 7 in Section 5.2.7.1.

5. (Check 4) If leak check is still failing after first three checks, unscrew VFC/motor assembly from 

the sampler unit. Ensure O-ring is not damaged and is slightly greased. And add a band of 

Teflon tape to the threads of the VFC. Perform steps 5 through 7 in Section 5.2.7.1.

6. (Check 5) If leak check is still failing, a second O-ring can be placed between the VFC/motor and 

sample housing. Perform steps 5 through 7 in Section 5.2.7.1.
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7. If Checks 1 through 5 do not correct the leak problem, install the backup TSP sampler and inform 

the WACOR/TOCOR/DOCOR of the problem.

5.3 Barometric Pressure Verification

5.3.1 Scope and Applicability

This section of the SOP applies to verifying the barometric pressure measurement system of the TSP 

sampler. Operations covered in this SOP include routine functional check procedures for the pressure 

measurement system. 

5.3.2 Summary of Method

The TSP sampler has a built-in atmospheric pressure sensor that measures barometric pressure in mmHg. 

Under actual ambient conditions for temperature and pressure, the target flow value for the Tisch TE5170 VFC+ TSP sampler is 44 cubic feet per minute.

To perform a routine verification, the barometric pressure sensor reading is verified at ambient pressure 

through comparison with the reading from an external standard of known accuracy. If a pressure 

difference of >10 mm Hg is observed, a calibration of the pressure-sensing and display system is required 

before the TSP sampler may be used to perform a PE.

5.3.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

5.3.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

5.3.5 Cautions

 Protect all types of barometers from mechanical shock and sudden pressure changes. A 

barometer subjected to either of these events must be verified by comparing it to a laboratory 

mercury column barometer (or other NIST-traceable standard). If required, the barometer would 

either be adjusted, or an offset correction would be established. 

 Minimize the vertical and horizontal temperature gradients across the barometer and avoid direct 

sunlight, drafts, and vibrations.

 Barometers should be allowed some time to adjust to temperature and pressure differences. Prior 

to assembly of the instrument, transport the barometer to the sampling platform so that it may 

equilibrate for approximately 30 minutes before use.
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 At high altitudes, verification of barometric pressure may be difficult due to significantly lower 

pressure. The FS should use all available information, including SLT FRM barometric pressure 

readings and/or readings from other samplers. The FS may also check with a local airport or 

weather stations for comparable readings. The FS should document all of this extra information 

on the COC/FDS form.

5.3.6 Equipment and Supplies

The following equipment and supplies are required for 

barometric pressure verification checks:

 Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler

 COC/FDS form

 FS field notebook

 Portable, NIST-traceable barometer for field 

barometric pressure verifications (BGI hivolCal, see 

Figure 5-13).

5.3.7 Procedure for Conducting a Barometric 

Pressure Verification on the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler

5.3.7.1 Field Verification of Barometric Pressure System using the BGI hivolCal

The BGI hivolCal, similar to other verification devices, needs to equilibrate to ambient conditions before 

use. Be sure to allow enough time for the verification equipment to equilibrate to these conditions. The 

Pb-PEP sampler’s barometric pressure sensing system is verified by comparing the sampler reading to 

that of the portable barometer at ambient conditions, as described in the following steps:

1. Unpack, install, and power the sampler at the site as described in Section 4, Sampler Transport 

and Placement, and in Section 5.1. 

2. Unpack the BGI hivolCal from its carrying case. The HVC8 is a single orifice unit with a flow 

rate range of 0.2 to 1.53 m3/min. The HVC8 measures actual m3/min calibrated at sea level and 

25oC as standard conditions. The Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler is targeted to operate at 44 

cubic feet/min. The BGI hivolCal set up is shown in Figure 5-14. 

3. Switch on the power and the hivolCal will perform a self-calibration. (Note: The calibrator 

opening should be covered to minimize the effects of drafts during the self-calibration, although 

this might not be as critical for measuring high flows.) Record the serial number and last 

calibration date of the BGI hivolCal unit on the COC/FDS form in Part III. 

Note the battery percentage. The hivolCal uses four AA batteries. Be sure to have backup 

batteries and the % Battery is above 90% when using the hivolCal. The barometric pressure is in 

mm of Hg and the temperature is in °C. The hivolCal also reports the flow rate cubic meters per 

minute for both actual (Qa) and standard (Qs) conditions. The Pb-PEP will use Qa for determining 

flow rates.

4. From the Main Menu screen, press “F3” to enter the Setup menu. A message will appear 

informing the user “TIMER WILL NOT EXECUTE WHILE IN SETUP!” - press the “ENT” key 

on the keypad. Using the Up/Down arrow keys highlight Diagnostics and press “ENT”. 

Figure 5-13. BGI hivolCal Model 

HVC8 Hi-Vol Field Audit Calibrator
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5. Record the pressure readings from the sampler (“Pamb”) and the hivolCal (Reference Standard 

Pressure) on the COC/FDS form in Part III. 

6. If the two readings are ≤10 mm Hg of each other, the verification of the Pb-PEP TSP monitor’s 

pressure sensor is satisfactory. 

7. If the deviation is >10 mm Hg, re-check the barometric pressure using a backup verification 

device. If the results are similar to the primary verification device, then the sampler’s pressure 

measurement system may be damaged and should be serviced. A calibration procedure should be 

performed at a later time (see Section 10, Calibrations). A spare Pb-PEP sampler must be 

installed at the site. Note any troubleshooting steps in the Notes section of the COC/FDS form 

and the FS field notebook.

5.4 Temperature Verification

5.4.1 Scope and Applicability

This section of the SOP applies to verifying the temperature measurement system for the TSP Pb-PEP 

sampler. Operations covered in this SOP include verification check for the ambient temperature sensor in 

the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP unit using the BGI hivolCal verification device. Specific information 

herein may not be applicable to other makes and models of equipment (refer to Appendix E for directions 

on using alternate verification devices).

5.4.2 Summary of Method

The ambient temperature sensor is verified at a single point using the ambient temperature sensor of the 

BGI hivolCal standard. If an excessive difference is observed, a calibration of the temperature sensor 

may be required (see Section 10, Calibrations). The ambient temperature sensor (thermocouple) in the 

Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ samplers measures in degrees Celsius (°C). 

To perform a routine verification, the ambient temperature sensor reading is verified at ambient 

temperature through comparison with the reading from an external standard of known accuracy. If a 

temperature difference of ± 2°C is observed, a calibration of the temperature sensing and display system 

is required before the TSP sampler may be used to perform a PE.

5.4.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

5.4.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.
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5.4.5 Cautions

 Be sure that the temperature reference standard used to verify the instrument’s sensors has been 

calibrated against a NIST-certified standard within the prescribed time period (annually).

 Temperature verification device sensor should not be placed in direct sunlight during 

equilibration and verification.

5.4.6 Equipment and Supplies 

 Tisch TE-5170 VFC+TSP sampler

 COC/FDS form

 Portable, NIST-traceable thermometer for field temperature verifications (BGI hivolCal).

 FS field notebook

5.4.7 Procedure for Conducting a Temperature Sensor Verification on the Tisch TE-5170 

VFC+ TSP Sampler

The response of ambient temperature sensor (thermocouple) must be verified each time the Tisch TE5170 VFC+ TSP sampler is set up at a new location. 

5.4.8.1 Single-Point Field Verification in Ambient Air Using the BGI hivolCal

The hivolCal, similar to other verification devices, must be equilibrated to ambient conditions before use. 

Be sure to allow enough time for the verification equipment to equilibrate to these conditions. The 

hivolCal should have been powered on and placed near the TSP sampler during the barometric pressure 

verification. Avoid direct sun exposure of the box to guard against heat buildup affecting the electronics.

The shielded probe should equilibrate in the same conditions as the temperature probe of the samplershade if shaded, sun if the sampler’s probe is in the sun. A single point ambient temperature verification 

is described in the following steps:

1. It is best if the sampler has been on the site for at least 

30 minutes to allow adequate time for the ambient 

temperature sensor to reach temperature equilibrium 

with their surroundings; however, equilibration may 

occur in <30 minutes. The FS should use his or her best 

judgment to ensure that all temperature sensors (sampler 

and audit standard) are equilibrated to ambient 

conditions. 

2. From the Main Menu screen, press “F3” to enter the 

Setup menu. A message will appear informing the user 

“TIMER WILL NOT EXECUTE WHILE IN SETUP!” 

- press the “ENT” key on the keypad. Using the 

Up/Down arrow keys highlight Diagnostics and press 

“ENT”. 

3. Hold the BGI hivolCal standard within a few inches of the sampler temperature probe (Figure 5-

14). Wait for the readings to stabilize.

Figure 5-14. Temperature 

Thermocouple for Tisch Sampler
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4. Record the temperature readings from the sampler (Tamb) and the hivolCal (Reference Standard 

Temperature) on the COC/FDS form in Part III. If the temperatures agree within ±2°C, then the 

ambient temperature sensor response is acceptable. If not, proceed to Step 5.

5. If the two readings are outside acceptance criteria, wait longer (10 to 15 minutes) for temperature 

equilibration to occur and repeat the procedure. If the readings still do not agree, verify that the 

problem is not with the hivolCal by using another verification device. If the problem is not with 

the hivolCal and the FS does not feel the problem can be rectified, replace the Pb-PEP sampler 

using a backup sampler. 

6. Note any troubleshooting steps in the Notes Section of the COC/FDS form and the FS field 

notebook.

5.5 Flow Rate Verification

5.5.1 Scope and Applicability

The following information is applicable to the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler and the BGI hivolCal 

verification device. Specific information herein may not be applicable to other makes and models of 

equipment (refer to Appendix E for directions on using alternate verification devices.)

In the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler, the flow rate is controlled by a Volumetric Flow Controller (VFC) 

in conjunction with the VFC+ electronic control unit. The VFC has a specific geometry to achieve near 

constant volumetric flow and is calibrated by the manufacturer. The VFC+ electronic control unit 

consistently monitors the ambient temperature and barometric pressure as well as the differential pressure 

through the orifice and the flow rate is calculated using a constant G factor that is developed by the 

manufacturer. Each VFC will have a corresponding G factor that must be entered in to the VFC+ 

controller by the FS. The designed flow rate for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler is 44 cubic feet per 

minute and is programmed in the VFC+ controller. The maximum allowable error is ±4% of the target 

flow rate of 44 cubic feet per minute. The flow rate of the portable TSP sampler must be verified at each 

site before the PE samples are taken. 

5.5.2 Summary of Method

A single-point verification of the sampler flow rate is performed prior to each use of the TSP sampler in a 

PE. If the verification check is outside the tolerance of ±4% of the indicated reading on the working 

standard or ±4% of the target flow rate and no reason can be found for the discrepancy, the sampler may 

need to be recalibrated (see Section 10, Calibrations), sent to the FS laboratory or manufacturer for 

repair. The VFC in the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler cannot be calibrated by the FS; it must be returned 

to the manufacturer.

5.5.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

5.5.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 
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recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

5.5.5 Cautions

 Do not conduct the flow check with a TSP filter installed. 

 The Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler could have issues maintaining a flow rate of at least 39.5 

ft3/min at high altitudes. 

 Verify that the G factor and VFC serial number on the VFC match the values on the VFC+ 

controller on the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler.

 Verify the flow rate condition (Q Conditioning) is set to “AMB” on the VFC+ controller.

 Verify that the BGI hivolCal standard is properly seated on the adapter plate. 

5.5.6 Equipment and Supplies

 Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler TSP sampler

 One clean filter 8” x 10” QMP 2000 glass fiber filter in a labeled Hi-Vol filter cassette for 

“Calibration and Verification Checks Only.” This filter is not to be used for sampling and may 

be used repeatedly for leak checks, and flow rate calibrations for the TSP sampler. When this 

filter becomes loaded or damaged, it should be discarded; however, the filter cassette must be 

retained.

 Adapter plate (Either the FHA-810CF adapter plate and two black secure bars, BGI, or Tisch)

 Chain-of-Custody/Field Data Sheet (COC/FDS) form

 Hi-Vol filter cassettes

 FS field notebook

5.5.7 Procedure for Conducting the Flow Rate Verification on the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ 

TSP Sampler

The operating flow rate of 44.0 cubic feet per minute is verified before each PE. In the field, only onepoint verifications should be performed. If the verification result is outside the required ±4% tolerance of 

the indicated flow on the working standard or ±4% of the target flow rate, calibration (at an indoor 

location) may be required. The one-point verification must be repeated after any calibration procedure to 

ensure the sampler operates properly at the target flow rate of 44.0 cubic feet per minute.

5.5.7.1 Flow Rate Verification Using the hivolCal

Perform the sampler leak, temperature, and barometric pressure verification procedures, and take any 

corrective actions necessary to meet the acceptance criteria before performing this procedure. If a leak 

check was just performed, the sample holder and adapter plate should be in position to install the BGI 

hivolCal unit for verification of the flow rate. If these devices were removed, complete Steps 1 through 5 

below and continue with the flow rate verification. Flow rate verification of the sampler is described in 

the following steps:

1. If the roof is closed, release the S-latch on the roof lock and open the roof. Insert the roof 

security S-latch pin in the rear holder to secure the roof assembly in the open position. (For 

safety, always insert the roof security pin when the sampler’s roof assembly is open.)
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2. Open the sample holder by loosening the large black thumb nuts and remove the transport filter

carrier. A transport filter carrier should be in place when sampler is the process of being moved 

to reduce contamination into the mass flow controlled and motor assembly.

3. Turn the hivolCal unit on to perform its self-calibration.

4. Place the BGI hivolCal unit on the adapter plate and ensure it is properly seated.

5. From the Main Menu screen, press “F3” to enter the Setup menu. A message will appear 

informing the user “TIMER WILL NOT EXECUTE WHILE IN SETUP!” - press the “ENT” key 

on the keypad. Using the Up/Down arrow keys highlight Diagnostics and press “ENT”. Use the 

Up/Down arrow keys to highlight “MOTOR” and press the “ENT” key to turn the motor on.

6. Record the flow rate readings from the sampler (Qamb) and the hivolCal (Reference Standard 

Flow Rate) on the COC/FDS form in Part III. Both readings should be reported in cubic feet per 

minute under actual conditions. The Target Flow Rate is 44.0 cubic feet per minute. The percent 

difference (PD) between the reference standard (BGI hivolCal) and the sampler’s flow rate and 

the percent difference between the target flow rate and sampler’s flow rate are listed below in 

Error! Reference source not found. and Error! Reference source not found.. 

% 100





standard

sampler standard

flowrate Flow

Flow Flow

PD

Equation 1. Percent difference between standard and sampler flow rate.

  100

44

44 % standard

target 





Flow PD corrected flowrate

Equation 2. Percent difference between target and sampler flow rate.

If the calculated flow rate is outside the ±4% tolerance with the Tisch TSP sampler’s flow rate or 

if the sampler’s flow rate is outside ±4% agreement with the target flow rate, the FS should 

ensure that the sampler and the flow rate measurement equipment are operating properly using 

the following steps:

 Verify that the body of the hivolCal is properly seated on the adapter plate to prevent leakage 

past the gasket that seals it to the sample holder. 

 Check that flow has stabilized and ensure that the hivolCal has been given enough time to 

equilibrate to ambient conditions. Read the given flow rate provided by the hivolCal and 

record the value.

 Visually inspect the sampler and the flow rate measurement equipment. Consider any other 

factors that might affect the flow rate measurement or the sampler operation.

 After adjustments have been made, repeat the flow rate verification procedure. If the 

calculated flow rate and/or sample flow rate still do not meet QC criteria, check the 
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temperature and barometric pressure readings because they affect the instrument’s flow rate 

calibration.

 If the calculated flow rate and/or sample flow rate still do not meet QC criteria, there is most 

likely a mechanical problem with the sampler. It should be taken to the FS laboratory or sent 

to the manufacturer for repair. A backup sampler unit is necessary. If the acceptance criteria 

cannot be met and no backup sampler is available, then the audit must be postponed.

7. After all troubleshooting has been completed, indicate the final result of the check and comments 

in the Notes Section on the COC/FDS form. Indicate whether the verification was acceptable by 

checking the “Yes” or “No” box under “Verification OK?”

8. Press the “ENT” key while the MOTOR menu item is highlighted to turn the motor off.

9. Following the verification, remove the flow rate standard from the sampler and remove the 

calibration adapter. If it is time to install the filter and program the sampler for the PEP audit, 

proceed to Section 6.1, Conducting the Filter Exposure.
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Section 6

Filter Exposure and Concluding the Sampling Event

6.1 Conducting the Filter Exposure

6.1.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP describes how to set up the TSP sampler to start and end sampling for a 24-hour period, from 

midnight to midnight. The following information is applicable to the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler. 

Specific information herein may not be applicable to other makes and models of samplers. If other 

models of approved FRM TSP audit samplers are used for Pb-PEP activities, EPA will ensure that those

sampler’s instruction manuals are made available to the FS (Manufacturer’s manuals will be provided on 

training CDs and could be posted to the AIRQA Web site).

Before collecting the Pb PE sample, the sampling unit must have successfully passed the date and time 

checks and leak, barometric pressure, temperature, and flow rate verifications (see Section 5, Sampler 

Setup and Performance Verifications). Activities about the receipt, examination, installation, use, 

retrieval, packaging, and shipment of sampling filter cassettes must be documented in accordance with 

instructions given in Section 7, Chain-of-Custody and Field Data Sheet Form.

6.1.2 Summary of Method

Sample exposure involves placing an 8” x 10” EPM 2000 glass fiber filter in the sampler and setting the 

sampler’s timer to start the exposure for a 24-hour period that corresponds to the site sampler’s operating 

period (which should be from midnight to midnight). After exposure, the filter is removed from the 

sampler, and then it is packaged and shipped to the EPA Region 9 Laboratory.

After the routine verifications have been performed, the FS needs to program the sampler for the 

sampling event and install the glass fiber filter sample(s) (field blank, passive field blank, collocated PEP, 

or routine) using proper sample filter handling procedures.

6.1.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

6.1.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

6.1.5 Cautions

 Before sampling, the sampler flow rate, temperatures, barometric pressure, and clock must be 

successfully verified (see Section 5, Sampler Setup and Performance Verifications). 

 Use care when handling unexposed and exposed filters.
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 Strictly follow all procedures about labeling, documenting, and transporting filters (in 9” x 12” 

self-sealed plastic bags prior to sampling event and glassine envelopes after sampling event).

 Ensure that the portable computer or other data storage device used for downloading data is in 

good condition and that the battery is sufficiently charged.

 It may be necessary to begin the sampling run 5 minutes after the SLT sampler start time. If the 

two samplers are operating on the same circuit, the power draw of both samplers powering 

up at the same time could trip the breaker cutting power. If possible, operate the Pb-PEP 

sampler on a separate circuit from the SLT sampler.

6.1.6 Equipment and Supplies

 Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler 

 8” x 10” EPM 2000 glass fiber filter in a Hi-Vol filter carrier with a protective cover

 COC/FDS Form from AIRQA Web site

 Hi-Vol filter cassettes

 Nylon or vinyl gloves

 9” x 12” self-sealed plastic bag for containing COC/FDS form and electronic storage media (flash 

drive)

 Extra glass fiber filters in antistatic plastic bags in case of damage or contamination to the 

primary filter sampler before sampling event (NOTE: One filter per plastic bag)

 Glassine envelopes for storing exposed filter

 Manila envelope for shipping glassine envelope(s)

 Shipping box for shipment of filter and COC/FDS form to EPA Region 9 Laboratory

 Laptop computer

 Electronic storage media (SD card) 

 FS Field Notebook

 Marker (indelible ink).

6.1.7 Filter Inspection 

Handle the glass fiber filter as indicated in Section 3, Cassette Receipt, Storage, and Handling. Look for 

the following types of defects:

 Pinhole (a small hole)

 Loose material (e.g., any extra loose material or dirt particles on the filter)

 Discoloration (i.e., any obvious discoloration that might be evidence of contamination).

1. Return any filters with visible damage or imperfections to the regional field office. In Part IV of 

the COC/FDS form, check “VOID” and give reason. Do not use the filter.

2. If the filter is acceptable, find the corresponding COC/FDS form and match the Sample Type 

with the label on the top portion of the Hi-Vol filter cassette (RO, CO, FB, or PB) as completed in 

Section 3.1.8. The trip blank will never be placed in the sampler and will be transported in a 9” x 

12” self-sealed plastic bag. The Sample Type is located in Part IV of the COC/FDS form. 

Section 6.1.8 describes the procedure for processing blanks at the field site. Section 6.1.9 

describes the routine sample process. 
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6.1.8 Types of Blanks Used at the Field Site 

Prior to setting up for the routine sample, the FS should prepare and secure all blanks to associate with the 

field site and routine sample. The frequency of these blanks throughout the year will be determined by 

the EPA OAQPS Office and the requirement in the Pb Quality Assurance Project Plan. The field process 

for handling each blank type is described below in Sections 6.1.8.1 through 6.1.8.3.

6.1.8.1 Field Blank

Field blanks are randomly-selected filters used to determine contamination by the FS through filter 

handling during normal set up at the field site. Field blanks will be conducted for every sampling event 

during initial Pb-PEP implementation. After that, EPA will re-evaluate the need and frequency for field 

blanks. The following steps outline the proper procedure for implementing field blanks: 

1. Locate the Hi-Vol filter cassette (FB) to be used for the field blank and find the corresponding 

COC/FDS form for that Sample Type.

2. Complete the information in Part II of the COC/FDS form regarding the sampling event.

3. In Part IV of the COC/FDS form, enter the Sample Date.

4. Open the roof assembly to the TSP sampler.

5. Remove the protective cover and place the Hi-Vol filter cassette on the filter holder support and 

tighten the thumb nuts. Remove the Hi-Vol cassette cover and close the roof assembly.

6. After one minute, open the roof assembly and place the protective cover on the Hi-Vol filter 

cassette. Then loosen the thumb nuts and remove the Hi-Vol filter cassette. It will later be 

processed in the same manner as the routine sample for shipping to the EPA Region 9

Laboratory.

7. The field blank will be returned to the field office with the routine sample. While wearing nylon 

or vinyl gloves carefully remove the field blank filter and fold the filter in half (length wise). The 

Filter ID Number should be visible on the outside. Place the folded filter in a glassine envelope 

and place it in a manila envelope. On the outside of the manila envelope, record the Filter ID 

Number of the filter used.

8. In Part IV of the COC/FDS form, enter the Retrieval Date. Place the COC/FDS form in a 

separate 9” x 12” self-sealed plastic shipping bag.

6.1.8.2 Trip Blank

Trip blanks are randomly-selected filters taken to the sampling site to measure possible contamination to 

filters during transportation to and from sampling locations. They provide a frame of reference in case 

field blanks exhibit a contamination that is higher than the tolerance levels. Trip blanks should remain 

inside their protective bags and never be exposed to sampling procedures. Trip blanks will be conducted 

for every sampling event during initial Pb-PEP implementation. After that, EPA will re-evaluate the need 

and frequency for trip blanks. The following steps outline the proper procedure for implementing trip 

blanks:
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1. Locate the glass fiber filter by Filter ID Number to be used for the trip blank Find the 

corresponding COC/FDS form for that Filter Number. 

2. Using a permanent marker, write “TRIP BLANK” and the filter ID on a 9” x 12” anti-static 

plastic bag. While wearing nylon or vinyl gloves carefully fold the filter in half lengthwise and 

place in in the bag. The Filter ID Number should be visible on the outside.

3. Complete the information in Part II of the COC/FDS form regarding the sampling event.

4. Enter the Sample and Retrieval Dates in Part IV of the COC/FDS form. Place the COC/FDS 

form in a separate 9” x 12” self-sealed plastic bag.

5. Place the 9” x 12” bag containing the folded filter in a manila envelope.

6. Do not leave the trip blank inside the sampler during the sampling event. It will later be 

processed in the same manner as the routine sample for shipping to the EPA Region 9

Laboratory.

6.1.8.3 Passive Field Blank

A Passive Field Blank will be sampled from the field sites where lead concentrations are suspected to 

high and/or where high winds may impact sample results. The FS will place a glass fiber filter in the 

sample holder using the same procedure as a routine sample. The motor will not be engaged. The TSP 

sampler will be closed and the filter will passively sample air for the same period of time as the routine 

filter. The passive field blank has no frequency requirement and is a tool that may be used for assessing 

passive loading. The following steps outline the proper procedure for implementing passive field blanks

prior to a sampling event:

1. Locate the Hi-Vol filter cassette (PB) to be used for the Passive Blank and find the corresponding 

COC/FDS form for that Sample Type.

2. Complete the information in Part II of the COC/FDS form regarding the sampling event.

3. In Part IV of the COC/FDS form, enter the Sample Date.

4. Open the roof assembly to the TSP sampler. Verify the sampler holder area is clean.

5. Place the Hi-Vol filter cassette on the filter holder support and tighten the thumb nuts. Remove 

the Hi-Vol cassette cover and close the roof assembly.

6. Record the time of day that the passive filter is placed into service, i.e., the roof is closed.

7. Unless otherwise directed by the EPA OAQPS Office the designed time for passive blanks should 

be approximately the same period as the routine filter is placed in the active sampler. This is 

accomplished by loading and unloading the filters in the same sequence. For example load 

passive then active sampler and unload passive then active sampler. For those events that passive 

blanks are generated it is important to recover the filters as soon as possible after the sampling 

event has concluded.
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8. To unload, open the roof assembly and place the protective cover on the Hi-Vol filter cassette. 

Then loosen the thumb nuts and remove the Hi-Vol filter cassette. It will later be processed in the 

same manner as the routine sample for shipping to the EPA Region 9 Laboratory. Record the 

time that the passive filter is collected. 

9. The Passive Blank will be returned back to the field office with the routine sample. While 

wearing nylon or vinyl gloves carefully remove the Passive Blank Filter and fold the filter in half 

(length wise). The Filter ID Number should be visible. Place the folded filter in a glassine 

envelope and place it in manila envelope. On the outside of the manila envelope, record the Filter 

ID Number of the filter used. 

10. In Part IV of the COC/FDS form, enter the Retrieval Date. Place the COC/FDS form in a 

separate 9” x 12” self-sealed plastic shipping bag.

6.1.9 Collecting a 24-Hour PE Sample Using the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler

To comply with EPA regulation, the 24-hour sampling period begins at midnight (00:00) and concludes at 

midnight (00:00) of the next day. The total sampling period is programmed for 24 hours (1,440 minutes). 

However, if sampling during another time period is required by the local site and has been approved by 

the WAM/TOPO/DOPO, then consult Step 3 of Section 6.1.9.2 for instructions on resetting the sampling 

time. Section 6.1.10 describes the procedure to use if it is necessary to briefly stop, and then restart the 

sampler during a sampling period.

6.1.9.1 Verifying Routine Filter Sample and Initializing Sampler

1. Locate the Hi-Vol filter cassette (RO) to be used for the routine sample and find the 

corresponding COC/FDS form for that Sample Type.

2. Review the information in Part II of the COC/FDS form regarding the sampling event.

3. Review that all verifications were satisfactory in Part III of the COC/FDS form.

4. In Part IV of the COC/FDS form, enter the Sample Date.

5. Open the roof assembly to the TSP sampler. Verify the sampler holder support area is clean.

6. Place the Hi-Vol filter cassette on the filter holder support and tighten the thumb nuts. Remove 

the Hi-Vol cassette cover and close the roof assembly.

7. Open the door to the VFC+ Controller box and verify the power is on (there is no power switch 

for the Tisch sampler, if the unit is plugged in and receiving power it should be on).

8. Continue to Section 6.1.9.2 for programming the sampler.

6.1.9.2 Programming the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler for the 24-Hour PE Exposure

1. Once the sampler has been plugged in, allow the system to initialize for 5 seconds. An opening 

screen will have a count-down timer (Figure 6-1) and will automatically change to the Main 

Menu screen after the timer ends (Figure 6-2).

2. If the date and time are correct, proceed to Step 3. If the date and time are incorrect, press “F3” 

on the Main Menu screen to enter the Setup Menu. A message will appear informing the user 
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“TIMER WILL NOT EXECUTE WHILE IN SETUP!” - press the “ENT” key on the keypad. 

Using the UP and DOWN arrow keys on the keypad highlight CONFIGURE and press the 

“ENT” key to enter the Configure Menu. If the date and time are correct, press the “ESC” key to 

return to the Main Menu screen. If the date and time are not correct use the keypad to enter the 

correct date and time. Highlight the Date field, and press the “ENT” key to make edits. Using 

the keypad, enter the date in MM/DD/YY format and press the “ENT” key again when 

completed. To change the time use the Up/Down arrow to highlight the Time Field, and press the 

“ENT” key to make edits. Using the keypad, enter the time in HH:MM format, press the “ENT” 

key again when completed. The hours are in military time (24 hours from “0” to “24”). Once the 

date and time have been entered press the “ESC” key to return to the Main Menu screen.

Figure 6-1. Tisch Initializing Screen Figure 6-2. Tisch Main Menu Screen

3. From the Main Menu screen (Figure 6-2), press “F1” to enter the Timer screen. The information 

entered in the Timer screen is used to turn the sampler ON and OFF on a programmed date and at 

a programmed time. The duration time for the run is also entered on this screen. Once in the 

Timer Setup screen (Figure 6-3), highlighting and selecting “Date” will bring the user to the date 

screen (Figure 6-4). The format for the date is MMDDYY. Once the date has been entered, press 

the “ESC” key will bring the user back to the Timer Menu screen.

4. Selecting “Time” from the Timer Setup screen will allow the user to enter the time of the run 

start. Typically this will be at midnight (00:00), unless the SLT sampler is set to start at a 

different time and it has been determined to be an acceptable alternate time by the 

Figure 6-3. Timer Setup Screen Figure 6-4. Date Screen
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WAM/TOPO/DOPO. To set the time highlight the time field and press the “ENT” key. The next 

screen will be where the user enters the start time in military hours. Once the time has been 

entered press the “ENT” key to return to the Timer Setup screen.

The duration of the run will need to be set next. On the Timer Setup screen, highlight “Duration” 

and press the “ENT” key to set the amount of time for the sampler to run (Figure 6-5). The user 

will need to enter the hours and minutes for the run, which for a standard sampling event will be 

“2400” (HH:MM). Once the run time has been entered 

press the “ESC” key to return to the Timer Setup screen.

5. The last field in the Timer Setup screen is “Repeat”. 

This setting allows for repeat intervals. The default 

setting is “none” which should be left as is for Pb-PEP 

program runs.

6. Once all the fields in the Timer Setup screen have been 

entered, the user must “Save and Exit”, or the choices 

will not be saved and the run will not start. To save the 

settings, simply highlight the “Save and Exit” field and 

press the “ENT” key. This will bring the user back to 

the Main Menu screen. If a run was set correctly three 

things should happen. First the green power light should start to blink, second a timer countdown 

should start indicating when the sampling run will commence, and third the status on the Main 

Menu screen should change to “Waiting” (Figure 6-6). If either of these actions does not occur 

go back to Step 2 and repeat the process.

7. The Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler is now ready to begin sampling for 24 hours starting at 

00:00 and running to the following 

midnight. The sample event will begin on 

the Start Day (week day) selected by the 

FS. 

8. Close the door to the Main Unit and the 

VFC+ Controller box. Verify the roof 

assembly is closed and latched shut. 

9. Pack up loose supplies, pick up trash, and 

secure the site for the 24-hour exposure 

period. It is not necessary for the site 

operator to be present when the sampler 

starts or ends the sampling event.

10. If convenient, visit the site during the 

exposure to verify that there are no 

problems with either sampler. Such a visit 

allows a defective run to be terminated so 

that a replacement exposure can be scheduled as soon as possible. 

Figure 6-5. Duration Screen (Set 

to 24 hours)

Figure 6-6. Main Menu Screen with Sampling 

Scheduled
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6.1.9.3 Monitoring Status While the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ Is Running

During the exposure run, the FS can monitor the event using the Monitor Menu. From the Main Menu 

screen, select “F2” to get to the Data Menu screen. Select “VIEW CURRENT” by pressing the “ENT” 

key, which will bring you to the current run information. Using the UP/DOWN keys will allow the FS to 

see all the current information being recorded by the sampler during the run. An example screen is shown 

in Figure 6-7.

6.1.10 Temporary Halt Then Continue Sampling

During a PE sampling period, it is not desirable to halt 

sampling operations during a run of either the TSP sampler 

or the fixed site sampler. However, in an emergency, it 

may be necessary to suspend sampling for a brief period. It 

may also be necessary for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ to be 

paused if the VFC unit has come loose and a whistling can 

be heard indicating a leak. Be sure to note any interruption 

of sampling on the COC/FDS form, specifying the time and 

duration of the interruption, as well as the reason for the 

interruption. Interruptions in sampling activities for either 

the TSP sampler should be noted.

A 24-hour sample may be suspended for up to 1 hour and 

still remain a legitimate sample according to EPA rules; therefore, a means to temporarily halt and then 

resume sampling has been incorporated into the Tisch TSP sampler. To halt the sampler, press the “F1” 

key to enter the Timer screen. Selecting “Pause” will ask the user if they would like the run paused or 

aborted. Choose pause by highlighting “Pause” and pressing the “ENT” key. The sampler will stop 

sampling during this time and the will go to the Main Menu screen.

To continue with the current sample run, press 

the “F1” key to enter the Timer screen. Selecting 

“Resume” will ask the user if they would like the 

run resumed or aborted (Figure 6-8). Choose 

resume by highlighting “Resume” and pressing 

the “ENT” key. The sampler will then resume 

the run. During the run stoppage the timer will 

continue to countdown even though the sampler 

will not be sampling (i.e. If the run is paused at 

09:00 with 15 hrs of sampling left, and started 

again at 09:05 the timer will have 14 hrs 55 min 

left until run completion).

6.2 Sample Recovery and Data Download

6.2.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP describes the steps to perform a sample recovery and download data from the TSP sampler. 

The Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler uses an SD card and there is no software required to download to the 

FS laptop. The data is dumped into an Excel file for both samplers. The following information is 

Figure 6-7. Display Information during 

Sample Run

Figure 6-8. Timer Menu Used to Resume a Run
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applicable to only the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler. Specific information herein may not be 

applicable to other makes and models of samplers. 

Before collecting the PE sample, the sampler must have successfully passed the leak, temperature, 

barometric pressure, flow rate, and time verification checks. 

6.2.2 Summary of Method

After completion of 24-hour sample run, the FS returns to the site generally within 24 hours for “best 

practice,” documents sample run information, recovers the sample, and downloads the detailed sample 

run information to an electronic recording device. Collection within 48 hours is permissible due to 

holidays and weekends when a site is inaccessible. Following the sample recovery, the FS will contact 

the SLT operator to determine if the SLT sampler operated correctly and collected a sample. If an SLT 

sample was not collected, a make-up Pb-PEP audit will be scheduled and completed.

6.2.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

6.2.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

6.2.5 Cautions

 Use care when handling unexposed and exposed glass fiber filters

 Strictly follow all procedures about labeling, documenting, and transporting filters (in their 

cassettes) to reduce the chance for measurement errors

 Ensure that the portable computer or other data storage device used for downloading data is in 

good condition and that the battery is sufficiently charged.

 Confirm your laptop computer has the current software for the sampler installed and working 

properly. Verify the complete downloading process is operational.

6.2.6 Equipment and Supplies

 Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler 

 COC/FDS Form 

 Laptop computer

 Portable data storage media (SD card)

 SD card reader

 FS Field Notebook.

If either the SLT or Pb-PEP fails to collect a valid sample, there will be no data pair for 

comparison. If there is no data pair the Regional completeness numbers will show a Pb-PEP 

implementation of less than 100% for the audited PQAO.
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6.2.7 Procedure for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler

6.2.7.1 Downloading Data Using an SD Card

1. Data is downloaded from the Tisch TE-5170 using a SD card. A card should be provided by the 

vendor, but any SD card will work. 

2. From the Main Menu screen (Figure 6-9), press the “F2” key to enter the Data Menu Screen 

(Figure 6-10). Press the DOWN key and highlight “SAVE”, pressing the “ENT” key here will 

initiate all records to save to the SD card. A progress screen will show what records are being 

saved and how far along the process is (Figure 6-11). All electronic records will be copied since 

the last time the FS erased the data.

3. Once the data has finished downloading, the SD card can be removed. The FS can erase the run 

data on the sampler’s memory at this point, though it is recommended that the data on the SD 

card is checked before anything is erased. It is good practice to wait until the trip is over and the 

sampler is back at the field office before any data is erased.

4. Two files should be saved to the SD card following download. The first will be called 

REPORT.csv, this file contains the start time, run duration, conditions, set flow, avg flow, cv, 

total volume, avg temp, avg pressure, and any sampler flags for each run. The second file, 

DATA.csv, will contain data taken at 5 minute intervals for as long as the sampler had power 

supplied to it. Both .csv files will have the dates listed for each piece of information, making 

locating run information easier.

5. After the electronic raw data file is saved to the SD card, it should be saved to the FS’s computer 

as an Excel file. The file should be renamed to include the Sample Start Date and Filter ID 

number using the following convention “YYYY_MM_DD_FilterID_T.xls” (e.g., 

“2009_11_25_1234567_T.xls”). The “T” is to represent the Tisch sampler. Any extra data that 

is not pertinent to the sample run conducted for the audit, does not need to be included in the 

excel file.

Figure 6-9. Main Menu Screen Figure 6-10. Data Menu Screen
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Figure 6-11. Data Saving to SD Card

6.2.7.2 Ending a Run

The FS will retrieve the glass fiber filter after the exposure has terminated, typically the next day. 

Collection within 48 hours is permissible (except when passive blanks are generated) due to holidays and 

weekends when a site is inaccessible. The following steps describe shutdown procedures for the sampler:

1. A properly programmed Tisch TE-5170 

VFC+ TSP sampler will automatically stop 

sampling at the end of 24 hours. Ensure that 

the sampler pump has stopped running. 

Once the run is completed the Main Menu 

screen will be displayed, but no indications 

of the success of the run will be shown. 

2. From the Main Menu screen, select “F2” for 

the Data Menu. Use the DOWN arrow to 

select “Past Records”, and press the “ENT” 

key. A list of all previous runs will be 

displayed (Figure 6-12), use the DOWN 

arrow to select the date/time of the audit run 

and press the “ENT” key.

3. Record all fields in the FDS/COC form 

Section IV for: Flow (Qamb), CV, Volume, 

Elapsed Time, Start Date/Time, Stop Date/Time, Temperature, and Barometric Pressure –

including all necessary units. Details for each field will be located on different screens which 

can be reached by pressing the UP/DOWN arrows after the sampling date has been selected.

Figure 6-12. Display of Sampling Events by 

Date

The SD card used to copy the data from the sampler should remain with the sampler. The 

raw data files will be uploaded to the AIRQA Web site. A copy of the files should also be 

archived at the field office.
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4. Enter information in the Filter Quality field in Section IV as well as any Field Flags in the space 

provided, or in the Comments section. This starts the process of determining if the sample is 

valid, questionable, or invalid. Record any observations and reasons for questioning a run on the 

COC/FDS form.

5. Place the original (white copy) COC/FDS form in 9” x 12” self-sealed plastic shipping bag. The 

second copy (yellow) will be maintained by the FS at their field office.

6. If the exposure was not valid for any reason, the FS will contact the WAM/TOPO/DOPO to begin 

scheduling a second PE audit to replace the invalid evaluation. In either case, the 

WAM/TOPO/DOPO should be notified of schedule changes. This may require scheduling 

considerations that are beyond the scope of this SOP.

7. Release the latch on the roof assembly and slowly open the roof. Be careful that no loose debris 

lands on the filter when opening the roof assembly. Place the roof security quick release pin in 

the rear latch to hold the roof open.

8. Place the protective cover on the Hi-Vol filter cassette and remove it from the filter holder 

assembly by loosening the large black thumb nuts.

9. The routine sample must be returned back to the field office or an indoor enclosure for 

disassembly. While wearing nylon or vinyl gloves carefully remove the exposed filter from the 

Hi-Vol filter cassette and fold the filter in half (length wise). The Filter Number should be visible

on the outside after folding. Place the folded filter in a glassine envelope and place in a manila 

envelope. On the outside of the manila envelope, record the Filter Number of the filter used. 

10. Gather and place the manila envelopes containing the routine sample, collocated sample (if 

conducted), and any blanks conducted at the field site with the original (white copy) COC/FDS 

forms in a safe place such as the commercial shipping envelope to be used to send to the EPA 

Region 9 Laboratory.

11. Check the sample holder area including the mesh screen of the sample holder support for any 

loose debris. Clean if necessary.

12. Place the transport filter on mesh screen and cover with the sample holder. Tighten the four 

thumb nuts.

13. See Section 6.3 for packing and shipping instructions and Section 6.4 for instructions on how to 

disassemble the sampler.

Pb samples should be collected and data recorded under ambient conditions. 

Thus, the FS should enter data for flow rate and volume for ambient 

conditions (Qamb) not standard conditions. The FS does not need to enter the 

values for Tcjc and Pdiff (maximum, minimum, and average). Both of these 

measurements are used by the program in the VFC+ Controller to calculate 

the flow rate.
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6.3 Filter Packing and Shipment

6.3.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP describes how to package the sampled filters into shipping containers and transport them to the

EPA Region 9 Laboratory. 

6.3.2 Summary of Method

Ideally, the glass fiber filters should be removed from the sampler within 24 hours of the end of the 

collection period and shipped to the laboratory within 96 hours of the sample event. Shorter recovery 

periods are desirable when passive blanks are generated in the event. The sampled filters will be packed 

in shipping envelops and the COC/FDS forms will be packed in plastic bags and placed in a shipping 

container and sent to the EPA Region 9 Laboratory using the EPA contract carrier.

6.3.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

6.3.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

6.3.5 Cautions

 Use care when handling unexposed and exposed glass fiber filters

 Always wear nylon or vinyl gloves when handling the filters

 Strictly follow all procedures about labeling, documentation, and transporting filters (in their 

cassettes) to reduce the chance for measurement errors.

6.3.6 Equipment and Supplies

 Glassine envelopes for sampled glass fiber filters 

 COC/FDS form 

 Hi-Vol filter cassettes

 10 3/8'' x 4 1/2'' glassine envelopes #11 for containing exposed filter

 5'' x 11.5'' manila envelope (#14 Kraft) for storing exposed filter and glassine envelope (one 

sample per envelope)

 9.5'' x 12.5'' manila envelope (#90 Kraft) for grouping filters for a particular site

 Shipping box for shipment of filter and COC/FDS form to the EPA Region 9 Laboratory 

 Knife or scissors

 9'' x 12'' plastic self-sealing shipping bags for trip blanks, COC/FDS forms and electronic storage 

media

 Portable data storage media (e.g., CD or USB flash drive)

 Shipping tape
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 Shipping label using the EPA contract carrier

6.3.7 Procedure

This section of the SOP describes the method of packing and shipping the sampled filters, COC/FDS 

forms, and electronic media. The routine, collocated, and blank samples will return to the field office in 

their labeled Hi-Vol filter cassettes. The trip blank will remain in its 9'' x 12'' self-sealed plastic shipping 

bag throughout the trip. Exposed (sampled) filters will be folded lengthwise and placed in individual 

glassine envelopes and then placed in individually labeled manila envelopes. Manila envelopes with the 

individual filters will be grouped by site and placed within a larger manila envelope. All COC/FDS 

forms for the lab will be placed in a plastic bag separate from the filters. The large manila envelopes and 

plastic bag (COC/FDS forms and electronic media) will be grouped together and placed in a shipping box 

or envelope and shipped to the EPA Region 9 Laboratory. The sampled filters do not need to be shipped

cold. The FS will maintain a copy of the COC/FDS forms and electronic data downloaded from the 

sampler. The electronic data will be submitted to EPA’s database contractor via the AIRQA Web site. 

The data should only be stored temporarily on portable storage devices; it should later be transferred to a 

secure permanent archive at the field office. 

The steps below should be conducted from the field office where possible, or other clean, lead-free indoor 

environment otherwise:

1. Ensure the folding surface is clean prior to packing each filter to avoid cross-contamination.

2. Fold each filter lengthwise exposing the Filter Number, place the folded filter in a glassine 

envelope and fold the glassine envelope to fit inside a manila envelope. Place the glassine 

envelope inside a manila envelope labeled with the Filter Number. 

3. Group all of the manila envelopes (labeled with Filter Numbers) by site. Ensure that there is a 

one-to-one match of COC/FDS forms to the sampled filters. Place all filters for a single site 

within a larger manila envelope (labeled with the Site Name). Do not place the trip blank inside 

a large manila (site) envelope. Place all the large manila envelopes and trip blank envelope 

within a shipping box.

4. Select a pre-printed express courier label. Record the courier’s tracking number, shipment date, 

affiliation, shipping destination, and shipping company name in the proper location in Part V of 

the COC/FDS form. 

5. Check the COC/FDS forms for completeness.

6. Submit the original COC/FDS forms to the analytical laboratory, but maintain a copy for the field 

office records. Place the laboratory copies of the COC/FDS forms for all the samples in a 9'' x 

12'' plastic shipping bag. Place this plastic shipping bag with the sampled filters in the shipping 

box.

7. Seal the shipping box with packing tape. If instructed by the Regional WAM/TOPO/DOPO, 

apply a custody seal to indicate if the package has been tampered with.

8. Affix a pre-printed express courier shipping label to the shipping box and transport the box to the 

nearest express courier shipping office. The FS should ship the exposed filters within 96 hours of 

the sampling event.
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9. E-mail the EPA Region 9 Laboratory to report a sample shipment on the day of the shipment. 

The communication should include your name, the date, the courier’s tracking number, and the 

number of filters in the shipment.

6.4 Sampler Disassembly

6.4.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP describes the procedure for sampler disassembly, which occurs after sample exposure and data 

collection have been completed. This SOP contains materials specific for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP 

samplers and may not be applicable to other sampler makes and models.

6.4.2 Summary of Method

The method for disassembly is essentially the reverse of assembly. As with assembly, it is important to 

follow proper procedures to avoid damage to and minimize wear and tear on the sampler.

6.4.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

6.4.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

6.4.5 Cautions

 Check and clean area around the sample holder and top mounting screen of the motor assembly 

inside the opening to the top of the main unit. When folding the glass fiber filter and placing in 

the glassine envelope be aware of pieces of filter that may fall in the sample holder area.

 When the sampler is dismantled, be sure to remove any debris that adheres to the stand legs 

before storing them for transport. To minimize contamination, always pack the legs of the 

sampler apart from the sampler’s main unit. 

6.4.6 Procedure

If the TSP sampler is being disassembled for transport to a new site, follow these steps after the sample 

has been removed:

1. Power the unit down and disconnect the electricity.

Note: Hand-written labels are strongly discouraged and often rejected by the 

courier service. Please use pre-printed shipping labels.
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2. If necessary, release the latch on the roof assembly and verify a transport filter is covering the 

sample holder support (mesh screen). Secure the sample holder using the four thumb nuts and 

close the roof assembly. 

3. Remove the roof assembly from the main unit and place it in its proper travel case. 

4. Remove the VFC from the sampler’s main unit and place it in the proper travel case. Be careful 

not to lose the black rubber washer and maintain the washer with the VFC.

5. Disconnect the main unit from the leg base plate and carefully place it in its proper travel case. 

Do not sit the main unit on the ground.

6. Place the leg base in the proper travel case.

7. Check the sampling site to ensure no equipment and supplies are left at the site.

8. Follow up the audit with a phone call to the site operator to ensure the SLT collected a valid 

sample. If the SLT sampler failed to run, contact the Regional Pb-PEP lead to reschedule.

6.5 Sampler Maintenance and Cleaning

6.5.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP describes the routine procedures for maintaining and cleaning the TSP samplers. This SOP 

contains material that is specific for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP samplers and may not be applicable to 

other sampler makes and models.

6.5.2 Summary of Method

The Pb-PEP TSP samplers will be regularly checked and cleaned to ensure reliable operation and avoid 

contamination, which could affect the quality of resultant data. Some activities should ideally be 

performed in the field in concert with disassembly (e.g., cleaning debris from the area around the sample 

holder and off the legs of the sampling device). 

6.5.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

6.5.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

6.5.5 Cautions

 The FS must properly install and maintain the sampler to prevent damage and contamination. Be 

particularly attentive to maintenance of the pump, ensuring the soundness of electrical and 

pneumatic connections that will be repeatedly assembled and disassembled.
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 Periodically check the gaskets on the sample holder and the adapter plates. Clean their surfaces 

as required because this will make assembly easier and will maintain leak-free seals. Replace 

gaskets that are split, brittle, or cracked. Use only gaskets that are specified for this equipment. 

6.5.6 Equipment and Supplies

 Low-lint wipes

 Isopropyl alcohol

 Marking pencil

 Soft brush (interior cleaning)

 Plastic bristle baby bottle cleaning brush

 Distilled water (general use found at pharmacies and grocery stores)

 Silicone vacuum grease.

6.5.7 Procedure

Several of the sampler components will need to be maintained and cleaned periodically. Table 6-1 

indicates the maintenance schedule of the important sampler components. The FS may also use the 

checklist at the end of this section entitled Quarterly Maintenance and Repair.

Table 6-1. Preventative Maintenance of Field Equipment

Frequency Maintenance item

Every visit

(prior to sampling)

1. Inspect and clean the filter compartment area of dust and debris.

2. Inspect the gaskets around the filter compartment area and Hi-Vol filter cassettes

Quarterly

(every 3 months)

1. Check the seals around the motor housing and main unit for splits or tears, replace 

if necessary.
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Section 6.5: Sampler Maintenance and Cleaning

Field Data Forms
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Quarterly Maintenance and Repair 

Chec

k

Monitor Number: __________ Date: _______________ FS: 

_________________________

Comments/Notes:
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Section 6.5: Sampler Maintenance and Cleaning

Field Data Forms
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Quarterly Maintenance and Repair 

Check Monitor Number: __________ Date: _______________ FS: ___________________

Comments/Notes:
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Section 7

Chain-of-Custody Form and Field Data Sheet

7.1 Chain-of-Custody and Field Data Sheet (COC/FDS) Form 

7.1.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP applies to the COC/FDS form procedures used in the field for the Pb-PEP TSP audit. This 

form has been developed for use with the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ samplers for Hi-Vol collection. If an 

alternate approved sampler type is used for Pb-PEP audits, the FS should clearly indicate the sampler type 

at the top of each form.

7.1.2 Summary of Method

The COC/FDS procedure for the Pb-PEP is used to record information about sampler verifications and 

exposure data and to track the path of individual filters from the field to the Pb-PEP Laboratory (EPA 

Region 9). The COC/FDS form begins when the FS assigns the type of sampler used and a glass fiber 

(Hi-Vol) filter to an activity (routine, collocated, or blank samples) at a field site. This form stays with 

the filter when it is sent to the field for sampling and a signed copy is submitted with the filter to the PbPEP Laboratory. As soon as convenient, the FS should enter the COC/FDS data into the web-enabled 

version of the form on OAQPS’s data management website for Pb-PEP. The FS should also upload the 

associated raw sampler data files to the website.

7.1.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of the terms used in the Pb-PEP.

7.1.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

7.1.5 Caution

1. Document mistakes by marking a single horizontal line through the error, writing correct 

information in the available space, and initialing and dating the correction.

7.1.6 Equipment and Supplies

 Pb-PEP COC/FDS form

 Ball-point ink pen
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7.1.7 Procedure

7.1.7.1 Chain-of-Custody and Field Data Sheet Form

The Pb-PEP COC/FDS form is printed from the AIRQA Web site. The form itself is divided into six 

parts, which are completed at different locations, as described below. Parts I through V are completed by 

the FS and Part VI is completed by the Region 9 Laboratory located in Richmond, CA. The steps 

discussed below instruct the FS in completing the COC/FDS form when using a Hi-Vol filter in the Tisch 

TE-5170 VFC+ samplers. 

Prior to the FS completing the COC/FDS form, the FS must determine the sampler make to be used for 

the audit and select that sampler make at the top of the COC/FDS form.

PART I—Filter Preparation at PEP Field Office

Part I of the COC/FDS Form is completed by the FS at the PEP Field Office prior to leaving for the field 

site. This portion of the form consists of four entries (Prepared Date, Prepared by, Filter Lot Number, and 

Filter Number). The Prepared Date is the date the FS assigns a particular filter to a Pb-PEP audit and the 

Prepared by is the name of the FS. The Filter Lot Number may be found on the outside of the filter box 

provided by the EPA. The Filter Numbers are pre-printed by the vendor on each of the 8” x 10” glass 

fiber filters. The FS should record the Filter Number of the filter on the COC/FDS form. The FS should

use recommended filter handling procedure discussed in Section 3. Filter Receipt, Storage, and 

Handling when handling filters.

PART II—Sampling Event Information

Part II is completed by the FS at the field site prior to conducting the Pb-PEP audit. The Sample Event 

Information consists of the following:

 AQS Site ID—This is the nine-digit identification code for the air monitoring site as used by 

EPA’s Air Quality System. Any leading zeros in the ID must be included. If the Parameter 

Occurrence Code (POC) for the audited sampler is available, record it in the Notes section.

 Site Name—This is the name of the sampling location and any relevant description for 

identification purposes.

 Primary SLT Sampler Make/Model/Serial Number—This refers to the manufacturer (make), 

model, and serial number of the fixed SLT sampler operated at the site.

 Site Operator—This is the name of the SLT’s site operator.

 Other Operators or Observers—This lists the name and affiliations of any assisting operators 

or other official observers, such as representatives of EPA or the local air monitoring authority.

 Setup and Sampler Verification Date—This is the date when the PEP audit sampler is placed at 

the site and flow rate, temperature, and barometric pressure are verified. This is not necessarily

the date when the sample was taken.

 PEP Field Scientist—This is the name of the Pb-PEP FS who is conducting the PE audit.

 PEP Sampler Make/Model/Serial Number—This refers to the manufacturer (make), model, 

and serial number of the Pb-PEP auditor’s TSP sampler.
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 Site GPS Latitude and Longitude—This refers to the site’s GPS location (latitude and 

longitude) and is recorded to five decimal places.

PART III—TSP Verification Checks

Part III is completed at the sampling location to verify the TSP sampler is operational and within 

acceptance criteria for time, temperature, barometric pressure, flow leak check and flow rate. This 

section also provides a place for the FS to document any siting criteria issues or problems. The 

temperature, barometric pressure, and flow rate parameters must be verified using a NIST-traceable 

standard(s) designed for TSP samplers (see Section 5, Sampler Setup and Performance Verifications). 

The measuring units for temperature and barometric pressure for each sampler are measured in °C and 

mm Hg. For the flow rate, the unit for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler is ft3/min. The COC/FDS form 

provides the FS the option to record the sampler’s flow rate in either m3/min or ft3/min. The current BGI 

hivolCal units measure temperature, barometric pressure, and flow rate in °C, mm Hg, and m3/min. If the 

standard used by the FS does not measure in m3/min, the FS must apply conversion factors and record the 

parameter values in the correct measuring units for the reference standard. The acceptance criteria for 

each of these parameters are identified on the COC/FDS form. Check the appropriate box for verification 

checks (all boxes should be checked “yes”). The leak check box should be checked “No” which means 

there was no leak. If the sampler’s parameters are outside the acceptance criteria, troubleshooting of the 

sampler must be performed and documented. If troubleshooting is unsuccessful, the sampler must be 

recalibrated or repaired before conducting a sampling event. The FS must use the backup TSP sampler to 

conduct the audit.

The web-enabled COC/FDS form also includes a section for post-sampling verification checks. During 

initial implementation of the program, these additional checks are recommended to ensure that the audit 

sampler continues to perform as expected at the end of the sampling event. These additional checks may 

be recorded in the “Notes” section of the COC/FDS form.

PART IV—Sampling Event Filter and Exposure Data

Part IV is completed by the FS at the field site prior to conducting the Pb-PEP TSP audit. The Sample 

Event Filter and Exposure Data Information consist of the following:

 Sampling Type—This identifies how the filter is used at the site. The seven options are as the 

following:

– RO–Routine—The TSP filter PE sample that is collected by the FS at the same time and at 

the same site as the primary SLT TSP sampler.

– CO–Collocated PEP—The TSP PE filter sample that is collected by the FS at the same time

and the same location as one or more samplers that are part of regional “parking lot” 

collocation study, or specially-arranged event at a SLT monitoring site directed by the 

WAM/TOPO/DOPO. 

– Other—A TSP filter that is in some other category (e.g., a special type of QA or QC sample). 

The FS should always provide additional information about type of sample in the “Notes” 

section.

– FLB–Filter Lot Blank—A TSP filter from a newly received box sent by EPA OAQPS to the 

EPA Regional field office (see Section 3. Filter Receipt, Storage, and Handling). This filter 

will be processed in the field office and will not be taken to the field site.
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– FB–Field Blank—A TSP filter is transported to the sampling site in the same manner as the 

RO filter(s), installed in the sampler prior to a sampling event, removed from the sampler 

without sampling, stored in their protective containers inside the sampler’s case at the 

sampling site until the corresponding exposed filter(s) is (are) retrieved (see Section 3. Filter 

Receipt, Storage, and Handling). 

– TB–Trip Blank—A TSP filter that is transported to and from the field by the FS (see 

Section 3. Filter Receipt, Storage, and Handling). The 9'' x 12'' antistatic bag remains 

unopened throughout the trip. 

– PB–Passive Field Blank—A TSP filter that is placed on the sample holder to evaluate the 

level of contamination (lead) that might be introduced to a filter sample prior to a sampling 

event. The FS will place a glass fiber filter in the sample holder using the same procedure as 

a routine sample. The motor will not be engaged. The TSP sampler will be closed and the 

filter will passively sample air for a specified period of time (see Section 3. Filter Receipt, 

Storage, and Handling).

If the FS considers the filter to be invalid for any reason, the “Void” box should be checked. Describe the 

reason for voiding a filter in the space provided, or in the “Notes” section if additional space is required.

Some possible reasons for voiding a filter include visible contamination on the filter, sampler 

malfunction, or a discrepancy in the COC/FDS documentation.

 Pre-sampling Filter Check: Visual inspection of the filter prior to the leak check is described in 

Section 6. Filter Exposure and Concluding the Sampling Event. If the filter passes visual 

inspection, then the FS should place a checkmark in the “OK” box. If any defects were noted, 

the FS should place a checkmark in the “Reject” box and describe the imperfection in the space 

provided. If additional space is required, use the “Notes” section at the bottom of the form.

 Sample Date—The date when the sampling event began or was scheduled to begin.

At the conclusion of the sampling event, the Exposure Data Information consists of the following:

 Retrieval Date and Time—This is the date and time when the exposed TSP filter was retrieved 

from the sampler.

 Elapsed Time—Report the elapsed time of the sampling event in hours (24 hours ± 1 hour) from 

the sampler’s display screen.

 Post Sampling Filter Check —Use the same criteria and directions as stated for the “Presampling Filter Check”.

 Total Volume—Record the total volume sampled in cubic feet (Tisch TE-5170 VFC+) from the 

sampler’s display screen.

 Start Date/Time—Record the start date and time from the sampler’s display screen.

 Stop Date/Time—Record the stop date and time from the sampler’s display screen.

 Flow Rate—Record the maximum, minimum, and average flow rates during the sampling event 

from the sampler’s display screen. Record the flow rate in ft3/min for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+.

 %CV—Record the %CV from the display screen for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+. 

 Temperature—Record the maximum, minimum, and average temperature readings during the 

sampling event from the sampler’s display screen.
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 Barometric Pressure—Record the maximum, minimum, and average barometric pressure 

readings during the sampling event from the sampler’s display screen.

 Field Flags—Record any field flags that may have occurred during the sampling event. Refer to

Appendix B for a list and description of other field qualifiers that should be recorded in the 

“Field Flags” section as relevant. Add “EST” flag in “Notes” if the runtime is outside of the 

1,380–1,500 minute range.

The “Notes” section is available for the FS to record all relevant notes. Use extra pages if necessary. The 

FS should keep a copy of any additional pages attached to the FDS.

PART V—Field Filter Shipping Information

Part V should be completely filled out. The FS should normally package and ship the exposed TSP filter 

and any accompanying field or trip blank filter within 96 hours of the end of the sampling period. This 

section is used to record shipping information. 

 Shipment Date—This is the scheduled shipment date for the package.

 Affiliation of Shipper—This refers to the affiliation of the FS.

 Shipped by (Signature)—This is the signature of the FS unless shipping is delegated to another 

person.

 Shipping Destination—For the Pb-PEP, this is the Pb-PEP Laboratory in Region 9.

 Shipped via—Indicate the shipment method using the current OAQPS contract carrier for 

shipments.

 Tracking No.—Fill in the tracking number for the scheduled shipment.

After Part V has been completed, the FS will make a copy of the COC/FDS Form for the field office 

records. The original form is submitted to the laboratory with the filter(s) and any additional written notes

as the official COC. Upon returning to their field offices (or whenever internet access is available), the 

FS will electronically enter the data from the COC/FDS forms to the AIRQA Web site for the Pb-PEP. 

The sampler download data files will also be submitted by the FS to EPA’s data processing website for 

the Pb-PEP. (See SOP 6 for instructions on obtaining the sampler download data.)

PART VI—National Pb-PEP Laboratory Receiving Information

The final part of the COC/FDS Form primarily documents the condition of the container upon receipt at 

the Pb-PEP Laboratory (EPA Region 9), but also includes the “Notes” section. The “Notes” section is 

available for the FS and LA to record any relevant notes. If additional space is necessary, extra pages 

should be attached.

When the COC/FDS forms are received at the Pb-PEP Laboratory, each form should be date stamped and 

signed; any relevant information regarding the sampling event should be recorded in the laboratory’s 

information management system (LIMS). The Pb-PEP Laboratory will scan the COC/FDS forms into 

PDF format and submit them to the AIRQA Web site for QC purposes and data archiving. 
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Section 7.1: Field Data Sheet and Chain-of-Custody Form

Field Data Forms
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COC/FDS Pb-PEP Field Data Sheet and Chain-of-Custody Form
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COC/FDS Pb-PEP Field Data Sheet and Chain-of-Custody Form (continued)
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Section 8

Quality Assurance/Quality Control

8.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control

8.1.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP describes the QA and QC procedures that will be implemented at prescribed frequencies during 

routine Pb-PEP activities.

8.1.2 Summary of Method

This SOP summarizes the important QA and QC procedures that must be accomplished as part of the PbPEP and provides procedures for those activities that have not been reviewed in other sections. QA and 

QC procedures documented in the other Pb-PEP Field SOP sections are not discussed in this section. 

Table 8-1 summarizes the Pb-PEP field QC checks.

Table 8-1. Field Quality Control Checks

Requirement Frequency Acceptance Criteria SOP Reference

Filter Holding Time

Filter exposure All filters 24 hours Section 2

Filter collection All filters ≤24 hours from end of 

sampling perioda

Section 2

Filter shipment to 

laboratory

All filters ≤96 hours from end of 

sampling period

Section 2

Laboratory analysis All filters ≤30 days from 

delivery of sample to 

lab

Section 2

Data Completeness

Data completeness 5 audits for PQAOs with ≤5sites

(1 EPA or independent, 4 SLT sitecollocatedb

);

8 audits for PQAOs with >5 sites

(2 EPA or independent, 6 SLT sitecollocatedb

)

100% Section 8

Filter

Visual defect check All filters See reference Section 6

Field QC Checks

Field filter blank 1 per audit (for the first year of the 

program); the frequency will be reevaluated by EPA after year 1

<MDL Sections 6 and 8

Trip filter blank 1 per audit trip (for the first year of 

the program); the frequency will be 

re-evaluated by EPA after year 1 

<MDL Sections 6 and 8
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Table 8-1. Field Quality Control Checks (Continued)

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Requirement Frequency Acceptance Criteria SOP Reference

Passive field blank As requested for assessments As requested for 

assessments

Sections 6 and 8

Calibration/Verification of Sampler (Using Normal PE Verification Devices) c

Clock/timer verification Every sampling event 1 min/month Section 5

External leak check Every sampling event No audible (hissing) 

sound

Section 5

Single-point barometric 

pressure verification

Every sampling event and following 

every calibration

± 10 mm Hg Section 5

Barometric pressure 

calibration

Upon failure of the single-point 

verification

± 5 mm Hg Section 10

Single-point temperature 

verification

Every sampling event and following 

every calibration

± 2°C of working 

standard

Section 5

Temperature calibration Upon failure of the single-point 

verification

Adjust to within ± 

0.1°C of calibration 

standard

Section 10

Single-point flow rate 

verification

Every sampling event ± 4% of working 

standard

and ± 4% of target

flow

(44 ft3/min)

Section 5

Flow rate calibration Upon failure of the single-point 

verification

± 2% of calibration 

standard at target flow 

(44 ft3/min)

Section 10

Post-calibration singlepoint flow rate 

verification

Following every calibration ± 2% of target flow 

(44 ft3/min)

Section 10

Accuracy (Using Independent Verification Devices)

External leak check 4/yr No audible (hissing 

sound)

Section 8

Barometric pressure 

audit

4/yr ± 10 mmHg of 

calibration standard

Section 8

Temperature audit 4/yr ± 2°C of calibration 

standard

Section 8

Flow rate audit 4/yr (manual) ± 4% of calibration 

standard at target flow 

(44 ft3/min)

Section 8

Precision (Using 

Collocated Samples)

All samplers 

(mandatory)

2/yr (semi-annual) CV ≤10% Section 8

Standards 

Recertifications
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Requirement Frequency Acceptance Criteria SOP Reference

Field barometer 1/yr ±1 mmHg resolution

±5 mmHg accuracy

Section 8

Field thermometer 1/yr ± 0.1°C resolution

± 0.5°C accuracy

Section 8

Flow rate transfer 

standard

1/yr ± 2% of NISTtraceable standardSection 8

a Pb-PEP filters should be recovered within 24 hours after conclusion of exposure for best practice. It would 

acceptable to exceed the 24 hours, but do not exceed 72 hours. Document the reason on the FDS/COC form.

b Filters from SLT collocated sampler are shipped to Pb-PEP Analytical support lab.

8.1.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of the terms used in the Pb-PEP.

8.1.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

8.1.5 Cautions

The activities described in the following procedure refer to the SOPs where the activity is described. The 

referenced SOPs provide the appropriate cautions.

8.1.6 Equipment and Supplies

The activities described in the following procedure refer to the SOPs where the activity is described. The 

referenced SOPs provide the appropriate equipment and supply lists.

8.1.7 Completeness

Completeness is a measure of the amount of valid data obtained from a measurement system compared to 

the amount that was expected to be obtained. Each Region has information about the expected number of 

sites that need a PE, and the PEP is expected to obtain valid data for 100% of these sites each year. In 

determining the total number of audits needed to meet the requirements of the Pb-PEP, the implementing 

Region or SLT will separate the total by high volume and low volume method. Then total all Pb monitors 

in each set regardless of method in the PQAO to determine the number of audits needed for the PQAO. 

High volume samplers operating at Ncore sites will be included in the PQAO network total, but low 

volume samplers will not be included. Because of the small number of low volume Ncore samplers that 

exist in the network, each low volume sampler will be audited once per year.

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Lead, revised November 12, 2008 (Federal Register, 

Vol. 73, No. 219), requires the following for Pb-PEP completeness:
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 For Primary Quality Assurance Organizations (PQAOs) with less than or equal to five monitoring 

sites, five valid PE audits must be collected and reported each year (1 Federal PEP audit and 4 

SLT collocated audits).

 For PQAOs with greater than five monitoring sites, eight valid PE audits must be collected and 

reported each year (2 Federal PEP audits and 6 SLT collocated audits).

 Have all FRM or FEM samplers subject to a Pb-PEP audit at least once every 6 years, which 

equates to approximately 15% of the monitoring sites audited each year.

8.1.8 Field Blanks

Field blanks are randomly-selected filters used to determine contamination by the FS through filter 

handling during normal set up at the field site. A field blank will be collected for every sampling event. 

Field blank procedures are described further in Section 6, Filter Exposure and Concluding the Sampling 

Event.

8.1.9 Trip Blanks

Trip blanks are randomly-selected filters taken to the sampling site to measure possible contamination to 

filters during transportation to and from sampling locations. They provide a frame of reference in case 

field blanks exhibit a contamination that is higher than the tolerance levels. Trip blanks should remain 

inside their protective bags and never be exposed to sampling procedures. However, for the Pb-PEP, trip 

blanks will be removed from the protective bags during the folding procedure of shipping preparation. 

This will provide information on possible contamination during transport or in the filter folding area. A

trip blank will be collected for every sampling event. Trip blank procedures are described further in 

Section 6, Filter Exposure and Concluding the Sampling Event.

8.1.10 Passive Field Blanks

A Passive Field Blank may be sampled from the field sites where lead concentrations are suspected to 

high and/or strong winds may be an influencing factor. The FS will place a glass fiber filter in the sample 

holder using the same procedure as a routine sample. The motor will not be engaged. The TSP sampler 

will be closed and the filter will passively collect Pb deposition for a specified amount of time.

The passive field blank collection methodology is a “side-by-side” passive field blank. The FS will set up 

a passive field blank in a separate sampler housing, identical to that of the Pb-PEP sampler collecting the 

PEP filter sample; the passive field blank would remain in the field from the time the actual Pb-PEP filter 

was installed until the filter is retrieved. This will allow the PEP to evaluate the amount of contamination 

that may have been collected passively during the periods of time before and after the 24-hour sampling 

event. 

Passive field blank procedures are described further in Section 6, Filter Exposure and Concluding the 

Sampling Event.

8.1.11 Accuracy

Once every 3 months, the FS will perform the following tasks on all Pb-PEP samplers that are in use in 

his/her jurisdiction:

1. External leak check 

2. Temperature audit

3. Pressure audit
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4. Flow rate audit.

These audits will be performed using the same procedures as those used for the verification checks 

(described in Section 5, Sampler Setup). The audits must be accomplished with either 1) an independent

standard used for calibration (but not used in field operations) or 2) an independent verification device 

from another Region or one that is not used in normal operations.

8.1.12 Annual Program Collocation Studies 

Collocation studies are implemented to provide an estimate of the precision or repeatability of the 

portable Pb-PEP samplers and the analytical procedures. The results of the collocation studies are also 

used to assess the bias or errant behavior of individual samplers. Twice a year, the FS will complete a 

collocation study. One collocation study is defined as setting up and operating an extra Pb-PEP sampler 

at a routine monitoring site; repeating the process in a 6 month period until all Pb-PEP samplers have 

been compared. The Pb samplers will be placed and operated as they would during any Pb-PEP event 

and the Pb-PEP sample will be sent to the Region 9 lab, and the SLT sample will go to the state or local 

laboratory. On average, most regions will only have two Pb-PEP audit samplers which means this study 

will only have to be done once every six months. However, Regions with more than two samplers will 

run more frequently to meet the collocation requirement. 

The data from the two Pb-PEP samplers and the SLT sampler will be compared. If the Pb-PEP samplers 

differ by more than 10% using Error! Reference source not found. below, the FS will troubleshoot the 

sampler that has the highest percent difference from the SLT sampler. The SLT will be used as a 

“referee” if there is a difference between the Pb-PEP samplers. This process will be completed twice per 

year. This study will assess bias among the Pb-PEP sampler fleet. Equation 10 is also described in the 

Pb-PEP QAPP in Section 14.1.3.1

 

100

/ 2









i i

i i

i

Y X

Y X

d

Equation 3. Percent difference between Pb-PEP sampler and SLT sampler.

8.1.13 Collocation Coding

Assigning the proper code to collocated samples is important to ensure that the data are correctly 

imported into the Pb-PEP database. When conducting a regional parking lot collocation, use the 

convention displayed in Table 8-2 to determine the AQS Site ID. Note that these types of collocations do 

not have actual AQS Site IDs, and a 9-character code is used. Specify “Collocated” as the filter type on 

the COC/FDS form for all of the samples collected. Enter “NA” (not applicable) in the SLT sampler make 

and model and serial number areas in all of the COC/FDS forms. Be sure to record all of the Filter IDs 

from a single collocation event on one COC/FDS form and attach a diagram of the sampler layout 

(described in Section 8.1.12).

8.1.14 Standards Recertification

All primary and transfer standards purchased for the Pb-PEP will be certified as NIST-traceable and will 

have one year expirations. Annually, EPA will request that these standards be returned to EPA for recertification. EPA will use a contractor to provide the re-certification service and will inform the FS of 

where and when to send standards for this re-certification.
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Table 8-2. Developing the AQS Site ID for a Semi-Annual Collocation

Region

State Where Regional 

Office Is Located State Code Surrogate AQS Site ID

1 Massachusetts (MA) 25 25region1

2 New Jersey (NJ) 34 34region2

3 Maryland (MD) 24 24region3

4 Georgia (GA) 13 13region4

5 Illinois (IL) 17 17region5

6 Texas (TX) 48 48region6

7 Kansas (KS) 20 20region7

8 Colorado (CO) 08 08region8

9 California (CA) 06 06region9

10 Washington (WA) 53 53region0

8.2 Field Data Verification and Validation

8.2.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP describes the QA procedures that will be implemented to verify and validate field data. 

Verification refers to the process of examining the result of a given activity to determine the result’s 

conformance with stated requirements. Validation refers to examining a result to determine its 

conformance to user needs. 

8.2.2 Summary of Method

The FS will transcribe their hand-written data from the COC/FDS forms into the Web-based forms 

available via the AIRQA Web site. This will eliminate the need to verify the interpretation and 

transcription of handwritten data by another person. The Web-based form will incorporate QA checks for 

valid data types, lookup tables for applicable data fields, and reasonableness checks for data that should 

be within certain ranges. The data downloaded from the sampler will be used to verify some of the data 

entered off of the COC/FDS forms. The FS will be able to edit their own data should corrections be 

needed.

The Region 9 Pb-PEP Laboratory will be responsible for reviewing and validating only the analytical 

data. Lab data qualifiers will be submitted to EPA along with the analytical results. EPA’s data 

management contractor will associate the field and analytical data in the Pb-PEP database and produce an 

automated validation report for the EPA Regional Pb-PEP leads and National Pb-PEP Lead to review and 

approve before the data is posted to AQS.

Additionally, all Pb-PEP program managers will have the ability to review data under their purview (via 

the AIRQA Web site) as it is made available within the system.

8.2.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of the terms that will be used in the Pb-PEP.
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8.2.4 Personnel Qualifications

Personnel who conduct the FRM/FEM PEs must have attended an initial training course, which includes 

lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, a written exam for which a passing score of 90% must be 

achieved, and a hands-on practical training examination. Annual recertification requirements include a 

written and hands-on practical training examination. The hands-on practical examination for annual 

recertification may be replaced, pending the satisfactory completion of the field evaluation of the FS 

during a TSA.

8.2.5 Procedure

The FS will need his or her copies of the COC/FDS form, as well as an electronic version of the portable 

sampler data.

1. The FS will log into the Pb-PEP section of the AIRQA Web site.

2. The FS will upload new electronic sampler download data into the AIRQA Web site. The 

filename for the data file will identify the Filter ID and sample date. 

3. The FS will enter the COC/FDS data using the Web-based data entry form.

4. The Pb-PEP database will document the date/time and User ID for all data entered or modified.

5. The FS will conduct a review of the data input for errors. 

6. An automated data validation summary will be generated from the Pb-PEP database and made 

available for the Pb-PEP Regional Lead for review. 

7. If the Regional Pb-PEP Lead questions any of the field data, the FS may be asked to review their 

original records and respond to the inquiry. Scanned copies of the completed COC/FDS forms 

will be submitted by the Pb-PEP Laboratory to EPA’s data management contractor for official 

record and can used in the review.

8. The Regional Pb-PEP Lead will determine the status of the audit using the automated validation 

summary. If all critical criteria pass the checks, the audit will be checked “Approved”. 

Consequently, if a critical criteria fails, the Pb-PEP lead will investigate the failure, and after 

confirming the failure, leave the “Approved” box UNCHECKED. Operational criteria that have 

failed the check do not necessarily invalidate the audit. The Pb-PEP Lead should use the weight 

of evidence approach to approve audits with failed operational criteria.

9. If any changes were made to the record during the approval process, the Pb-PEP Lead will 

document the changes in the “Validation Notes” section of the Web form. 
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Section 9

Information Retention

9.1 Information Retention

9.1.1 Scope and Applicability

The Federal Records Act (44 U.S.C. 31) and other statutes require all federal agencies to create records 

that document their activities, file records for safe storage and efficient retrieval, and dispose of records 

according to Agency schedules. This SOP defines which records are critical to the project, what 

information needs to be included in reports, and which data reporting format and document control 

procedures should be used.

The following information describes the document and records procedures for the Pb-PEP field activities. 

In EPA’s QAPP regulation and guidance, EPA uses the term “reporting package.” This term is defined 

herein as all the information required to support the concentration data reported to EPA, which includes 

all of the required data, as well as any data deemed important by the Pb-PEP. Table 9-1 identifies these 

documents and records by the Agency File Code (AFC) function and schedule numbers. It would be 

acceptable to have an overarching file called “Pb-PEP” for the purposes of locally delineating these files 

from other programs.

Table 9-1. Pb-PEP Reporting Package Information

Agency File Code

Category Record/Document Types

Function Number

301-093 006 Program Management Files

006.1 Management and 

organization

 Organizational structure for EPA and how the 

Regions and ESAT contractors fit into running the 

Pb-PEP

 Organizational structure for the support contractors

 Pb-PEP Project Plans, and subsequent revisions

 QMP

006.2 Monitoring site 

information

 Site characterization file (Site Data Sheets)

 Site maps

 Site pictures

 SLT site contact information

006.3 Field operations and data 

acquisition (by EPA 

Regional staff or 

contractors on behalf of 

EPA)

 QAPPs

 SOPs

 Field logbooks and communications

 Sample handling/COC forms

006.4 Communications 

(contractor technical 

project activity)

 Telephone records and e-mails between ESAT 

contractor and SLT agencies

 Telephone records and e-mails between ESAT 

contractor and the WAM/TOPO/DOPO
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Table 9-1. Pb-PEP Reporting Package Information (Continued)

9-2

Agency File Code

Category Record/Document Types

Function Number

301-093 006.5 Communications (EPA 

project activity)

 Telephone records and e-mails between EPA 

Regional or Headquarters staff and SLT agencies 

and vice versa

 Telephone records and e-mails between EPA 

Regional and other EPA personnel (Headquarters 

to Regions and vice versa)

006.6 Equipment and 

instruments used by 

contractors in the Pb-PEP 

(records about charged 

time to the support of the 

program would reference 

AFC 405-202)

 Procurement logs

 Inventories of capital equipment, operating 

supplies and consumables

 Repair and maintenance (e.g., vendor service 

records, calibration records)

 Retirement or scrapping

405 202 Contract Management Records

202.1 Contract administration  Work Assignments, task orders, delivery orders, 

and Work Plans

 Contractor monthly reports

 Technical directives from the COR to the 

contractor

 Invoices for consumables

 Requisite qualifications of FSs and LAs for PbPEP-related, contractor-implemented activities

 Training records and certificates of ESAT 

contractors conducted and issued by the EPA 

Regional ESAT COR

404-142-01 179 Special Purpose Programs

179.1 Data administration and 

integration

 Data management plans and flowcharts

 Raw data: any original data (routine and QC 

data), including data entry forms

 Data algorithms

 Documentation of Pb-PEP database

(national/Regional level)

 Pb-PEP data

 COC/FDS forms

404-142-01 173 Data Files Consisting of Summarized Information

173.1 Data summaries, special 

reports, and progress reports

 Data, summary, and monthly field activity 

reports

 Journal articles, papers, and presentations

 Data validation summaries
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Table 9-1. Pb-PEP Reporting Package Information (Continued)

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Agency File Code

Category Record/Document Types

Function Number

108-025-01-01 237 State and Local Agency Air Monitoring File

237.1 QA/QC Reports  3-year Pb-PEP QA reports

 Pb-PEP Data Quality Assessments

 QA reports

 Response and corrective action reports

 Site audits

405 036 Routine Procurement

036.1 Acquisition of capital 

equipment and supplies by 

EPA (either Headquarters or 

Regional office)

 Needs assessments and reports

 Program copies of purchase requests

 Requests for bids or proposals

 Proposals, bids, or quotations

 Bills of lading

 Warranties and certificates of performance

 Evaluations of proposals, bids, quotations, or 

trial installations

403-256 122 Supervisors’ Personnel Files and Duplicate Official Personnel Folder 

Documentation

122.1 Personnel qualifications, 

training, and certifications

 WAM/TOPO/DOPO training certifications

 Certification as a Pb-PEP FS and/or LA

 Certification as a Pb-PEP FS trainer and/or LA 

trainer

9.1.2 Information Included in the Reporting Package

9.1.2.1 Data Reporting Package Format and Document Control 

The Pb-PEP has structured its records management system according to EPA’s File Plan Guide (see 

http://www.epa.gov/records/tools/toolkits/filecode). A File Plan lists the records in your office and 

describes how they are organized and maintained. A good File Plan is one of the essential components of 

a recordkeeping system and is key to a successful records management program. It can help you:

 Effectively document activities

 Consistently identify records 

 Quickly retrieve records 

 Conduct disposition of records no longer needed 

 Meet statutory and regulatory requirements.

The Pb-PEP Records Management System uses the AFCs to facilitate the easy retrieval of information 

during EPA TSAs and reviews. The Pb-PEP Records Management System also follows EPA records 

schedules, which constitute EPA’s official policy on how long to keep Agency records (retention) and 

what to do with them afterwards (disposition). For more information on EPA records schedules, see 
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http://www.epa.gov/records/policy/schedule (the Web site is searchable by AFC function and schedule 

numbers).

Table 9-1 lists the documents and records that will be filed according to the statute of limitations 

referenced in Section 9.1.1. To archive the information as a cohesive unit, all the Pb-PEP information 

will be filed under the major code “Pb-PEP,” followed by the AFC function and schedule numbers listed 

in Table 9-1. For example, Pb-PEP Project Plans would be filed under the heading “Pb-PEP/301-093-

006.1” and COC forms would be filed under “Pb-PEP/301-093-006.3.”

9.1.2.2 Field Notebooks

The Pb-PEP will issue field notebooks to each FS. Each field notebook will be uniquely numbered and 

associated with the individual FS and the Pb-PEP. Although data entry forms are associated with all 

routine environmental data operations, the field notebooks should be used to record additional 

information about these operations. 

9.1.2.3 Sample Receipt

Boxes of filters will be issued to each EPA Region or self-implementing SLT organization on an as 

needed basis. Upon receipt, the FS will log information about the filter shipment using the Pb-PEP data 

receiving Website. It is recommended that the FS maintain a copy of the sample receipt information in a 

field notebook as well.

9.1.2.4 Field Binders

Three-ring field binders will be issued to each FS and will contain the inspection and maintenance forms, 

the appropriate data forms for routine operations, and the SOPs. 

9.1.2.5 Communications

In addition to the Phone Communication Forms (COM-1) and the Monthly Progress Reports (COM-2), 

significant Pb-PEP e-mail communications should be printed and filed according to the records schedule 

outlined in Table 9-1. 

9.1.2.6 Electronic Data Collection

In addition to paper-based documents (e.g., notebooks, forms, binders), the Pb-PEP also gathers much of 

its data electronically (e.g., sampler data as shown in Table 9-2). Various printouts are made from these 

electronic systems, such as the Pb-PEP database and spreadsheets used by the FS and others. Printouts 

that are determined to be permanent record (e.g., data which leads to significant findings or conclusions) 

should be filed as a data reporting package to ensure that all Pb-PEP data are properly archived.

9.1.2.7 Hand-Entered Data

Much of the data will be entered by hand onto the forms found at the end of each field SOP section. All 

information will be entered into hard-copy forms using indelible ink, and any corrections should made by 

marking a single line through the incorrect entry, initialing, and dating this correction. The correct 

information should be entered alongside the incorrect entry if this can be accomplished legibly. If this is 

not feasible, then the correct information may be provided on a new line. Completed data forms will be 

filed in the field binders (see Section 9.1.2.4).
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Table 9-2. Field Measurements

Information to be Provided

Appendix L 

Section 

Reference

Availability Format

Anytime

End of 

Period

Visual 

Display

Data 

Output

Digital 

Reading Units

Flow rate, 30-second maximum interval 7.4.5.1 ✔ — ✔ ✱ XX.X m3/min

Flow rate, average for the sample period 7.45.2 ✱ ✔ ✱ ✔ XX.X m3/min

Flow rate, CV, for the sample period 7.4.5.2 ✱ ✔ ✱ ✔ ● XX.X %

Flow rate, 5-min average out of 

specification

7.4.5.2 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ● On/Off

Sample volume, total 7.4.5.2 ✱ ✔ ✔ ✔ ● XX.X m3

Temperature, ambient, 10-minute 

interval

7.4.8 ✔ — ✔ — XX.X °C

Temperature, ambient, minimum, 

maximum, average for the sample period

7.4.8 ✱ ✔ ✔ ✔ ● XX.X °C

Barometric pressure, ambient, 10-minute 

interval

7.4.9 ✔ — ✔ — XXX mmHg

Barometric pressure, ambient, minimum, 

maximum, average for the sample period

7.4.9 ✱ ✔ ✔ ✔ ● XXX mmHg

Date and time 7.4.12 ✔ — ✔ — YY/MM/DD 

HH:mm

Yr/Mo/ Day Hr 

min

Sample start and stop time settings 7.4.12 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ YY/MM/DD 

HH:mm

Yr/Mo/ Day Hr 

min

Sample period start time 7.4.12 — ✔ ✔ ✔ ● YYYY/MM

M/DD 

HH:mm

Yr/Mo/ Day Hr 

min

Elapsed sample time 7.4.13 ✱ ✔ ✔ ✔ ● HH Hr

Elapsed sample time out of specification 7.4.13 — ✔ ✔ ✔ ● On/Off

Power interruptions >1 min, start time of 

first 10 power interruptions

7.4.15.5 ✱ ✔ ✱ ✔ 1 HH:mm, 

2 HH:mm, 

etc.

Hr min

User-entered information, such as 

sampler and site identification

7.4.16 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ● As entered

Reference: 40 CFR Part 50 Appendix L, Table L-1.

✔ Provision of this information is required.

— Not applicable.

* Provision of this information is optional. If information related to the entire sample period is provided before the end of the sample period, the 

value provided should be the value that is calculated for the portion of the sampler period completed up to the time when the information is 

submitted.

● Indicates that this information is also required to be provided to the AQS database.

9.1.3 Data Retention/Archive

The information listed in Table 9-1 will be retained by the ESAT contractor for 4 calendar years (e.g., all 

data from calendar year 2012 will be archived through 12/31/2016). Upon reaching the 4-year archival 

date, the ESAT contractor will inform OAQPS that the material has met the archive limit and will ask for 

a decision on whether to continue archiving or to dispose of the material.
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Section 10

Calibrations 

10.1 Barometric Pressure Calibration

10.1.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP applies to barometric pressure verification/calibration for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP 

sampler. This procedure is not intended to be performed by the FS as part of field operations, but it has 

been included so experienced operators can use it to correct problems that might have been found when 

the barometric pressure verification was performed (see Section 5.3, Barometric Pressure Verification) 

or to satisfy annual calibration requirements. For additional approved FRM audit samplers, refer to the 

sampler’s instruction manual for direction. Where possible, these manuals will be made available to the 

FS.

10.1.2 Summary of Method

A barometric pressure calibration of the sampler is performed annually or upon failure of a single-point 

barometric pressure verification. If calibration does not resolve the problem, then troubleshooting will be 

necessary. The sampler must be calibrated to within 5 mm Hg of a NIST-traceable barometric pressure 

standard. After the calibration, the barometric pressure is verified with a separate NIST-traceable device 

to confirm that the ±10 mm Hg verification tolerance has been achieved. In this method, the internal 

circuitry of the sampler is adjusted to make the sampler’s readout match the reference barometer. The 

barometric pressure calibration is a single-point calibration. The operator is essentially adjusting the 

offset of a linear curve programmed into the sampler; therefore, a multipoint calibration is not necessary.

10.1.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

10.1.4 Personnel Qualifications

This procedure is intended for experienced operators and/or metrology laboratory personnel.

10.1.5 Cautions

 This procedure must be completed before conducting a flow calibration. DO NOT perform a 

flow calibration if the barometric pressure and/or temperature are outside of acceptable 

verification limits. Flow rate is calculated using barometric pressure. 

 Protect all types of barometers from mechanical shock and sudden changes in pressure. A 

barometer subjected to either of these events must be recalibrated by comparing it to a laboratory 

mercury column barometer or other NIST-traceable pressure standard. The barometer is then 

adjusted to specifications or an offset correction is established. Minimize the vertical and 

horizontal temperature gradients across any barometer and avoid direct sunlight, drafts, and 

vibrations.

 Ensure that lines to barometric pressure board are not crimped or clogged with debris prior to 

verification or calibration.

 Ensure that the sampler, verification device, and calibration device are equilibrated to ambient 

conditions before beginning the procedure.
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 The calibration device must be different from the routine verification device.

10.1.6 Equipment and Supplies 

The following equipment and supplies are required for the barometric pressure verification and 

calibration procedure:

 2 NIST-traceable BGI hivolCals or other applicable flow devices having a ±1 mm Hg resolution 

and at least a ±5 mm Hg accuracy 

 Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet for the Tisch TSP samplers.

10.1.7 Procedure

10.1.7.1Overview

This procedure must be performed annually or after an unacceptable one-point verification check. 

10.1.7.2Barometric Pressure Calibration for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler

1. If the calibration is being performed because of an unacceptable verification (see Section 5.3, 

Barometric Pressure Verification), be sure that the two originally observed pressure readings 

(sampler and verification device) and the difference have been recorded on the Pb-PEP 

Calibration Worksheet in the “Initial Verification” section before proceeding. The measurements 

from a verification check should agree to within ±10 mm Hg. If performing an annual 

calibration, no beginning verification is required. All readings for barometric pressure are in 

mmHg.

2. Examine the sampler for any obvious physical damage that could be responsible for the 

discrepancy, evidence of shipping damage (e.g., bent or loose components), or electrical 

problems.

3. Power on the Tisch sampler and the NIST-traceable calibration barometer (BGI hivolCal 

calibrator) and equilibrate to ambient conditions before proceeding. The NIST-traceable 

calibration barometer is an independent standard that is not used in the field.

4. Complete the initial information regarding the sampler (type and serial number), field scientist 

(name, date, and location), and standards used for calibration and verification (manufacturer, 

make, model, serial number, and last certification date) on the Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet.

5. From the Main Menu screen, select “F3”and then the “ENT” key to enter the Setup Menu screen. 

Use the DOWN arrow to highlight “CALIBRATE” and press the “ENT” key. This will bring you 

to the Calibrate menu. Record the sampler and NIST-traceable barometer measurements on the 

Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet in the “Initial Calibration Comparison” section and compute a 

difference. The barometric pressure standard’s proximity to the sampler’s sensor is not relevant 

in measuring barometric pressure. 

CAUTION: This procedure makes permanent calibration changes that can affect the FRM sampler’s flow and 

volume measurements, which, in turn, affect the mass concentration results. Before proceeding, carefully 

check that the calibration equipment is operating properly and that the transfer standard has been calibrated

within the past year.
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6. From the Calibrate Menu, use the DOWN arrow to highlight Pamb and press the “ENT” key. 

Figure 10-1 will appear on the display screen.

7. To change the barometric pressure set point 

press “F1” for ADD. A screen will prompt the 

user to enter the reference value. Type the 

pressure reading from the NIST-traceable 

standard using the keypad and press the “ENT” 

key when completed. The sampler will start 

taking readings to determine A1 and A0, which 

it will calculate pressure based on the reading 

entered. Once completed press “F4” on the 

pressure calibration screen to exit. A prompt 

will initiate asking the user if they would like to 

save the changes. Select “Yes”. Record the 

sampler and NIST-traceable standard on the PbPEP Calibration Worksheet in the “Adjusted 

Calibration Comparison” in the “Barometric 

Pressure” and compute a difference. 

8. Verify that the calibration of the sampler’s barometric pressure sensor was satisfactorily 

performed by exiting the Calibrate menu, by pressing the “ESC” key and entering the 

“DIAGNOSTICS” screen. View the barometric pressure on the display screen and compare it to 

the NIST-traceable barometer.

9. Repeat the verification process as described in Section 5.3, Barometric Pressure Verification

and record measurements and difference on the Pb- PEP Calibration Worksheet in the “Post 

Verification” section.

10.2 Temperature Calibration

10.2.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP applies to temperature verification and calibration for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP samplers. 

This procedure is not intended to be performed by the FS as part of field operations, but it has been 

included so experienced operators can use it to correct problems that might have been found when the 

temperature verification was performed (see Section 5.4, Temperature Verification) or to satisfy annual 

calibration requirements. For additional approved FRM audit samplers, refer to the sampler’s instruction 

manual for direction. Where possible, these manuals will be made available to the FS.

10.2.2 Summary of Method

A temperature calibration of the sampler is performed annually or upon failure of a one-point temperature 

verification check of the sampler’s probe. If calibration does not resolve the problem, then 

troubleshooting will be necessary. The sampler must be calibrated to within 2 °C of a NIST-traceable 

thermometer. After the calibration, the temperature is verified with a separate NIST traceable 

thermometer to confirm that the 2 °C verification tolerance has been achieved. In this method, the internal 

circuitry of the sampler is adjusted to make the sampler’s readout match the reference thermometer. The 

temperature calibration is a two-point calibration using an ice/water mixture and ambient temperature.

Figure 10-1. Screen Used to Change 

Ambient Pressure
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10.2.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

10.2.4 Personnel Qualifications

This procedure is intended for experienced operators and/or metrology laboratory personnel.

10.2.5 Cautions

 This procedure must be completed before conducting a flow calibration. DO NOT perform a 

flow calibration if the barometric pressure and/or temperature are outside of acceptable 

verification limits. Flow rate is calculated using ambient temperature. 

 Exercise care if using mercury-in-glass thermometers, which can break easily. Verify that there 

are no gaps in the mercury column. If a thermometer is broken, avoid contact with mercury and 

avoid breathing the mercury vapors. Clean up the mercury and dispose of it properly. A NISTtraceable digital thermometer with probe is an alternative measurement method that avoids 

mercury and is recommended for use.

 Be sure that the temperature reference standard used to verify the instrument’s sensors has been 

calibrated within the past year against a NIST-certified standard.

 Temperature calibration should always be conducted indoors. Direct sunlight will affect 

temperature measurements.

 Ensure sampler, verification device, and calibration device are equilibrated to ambient conditions 

before beginning procedure.

 The calibration device must be different from the routine verification device.

10.2.6 Equipment and Supplies 

 2 NIST-traceable BGI deltaCals or other applicable flow devices with attached temperature probe

 Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet for the Tisch TSP samplers.

10.2.7 Procedure

10.2.7.1Overview

The temperature calibration procedure is to be used annually or whenever the single-point verification of 

either the ambient or filter temperature sensor is outside of the 2 °C tolerance, when compared to an 

NIST-traceable temperature standard.

10.2.7.2Temperature Calibration for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler

The procedure for performing the two-point temperature calibration is as follows:

1. If the calibration is being performed because of an unacceptable verification of the ambient 

temperature (see Section 5.4, Temperature Verification), then record the originally observed 

readings (sampler and verification device) and difference on the Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet 

in the “Initial Verification” of the “Temperature” section before proceeding. The verification 

CAUTION: This procedure makes permanent calibration changes that can affect the FRM sampler’s flow and 

volume measurements, which, in turn, affect the mass concentration results. Before proceeding, carefully check 

that the calibration equipment is operating properly and that the transfer standard has been calibrated within the 

past year.
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measurements should agree within 2 °C. If performing an annual calibration, no beginning 

verification is required. All readings for temperature are in oC.

2. Power on the Tisch sampler and the NIST-traceable calibration thermometer (BGI deltaCal 

calibrator) and equilibrate to ambient conditions before proceeding. The NIST-traceable 

calibration thermometer is an independent standard that is not used in the field.

3. Complete the initial information regarding the sampler (type and serial number), field scientist 

(name, date, and location), and standards used for calibration and verification (manufacturer, 

make, model, serial number, and last certification date) on the Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet. 

Be sure to use the proper Calibration Worksheet based on sampler manufacturer.

4. The thermocouple is located between the 

sampling screen tray and back of the sample 

unit (Figure 10-2). The wire can be gently 

tugged in order for the probe to be moved 

around. Be sure there is enough slack in the 

thermocouple to allow the tip to be submerged 

in an ice bath. Place the temperature probe 

from the NIST-traceable standard and the 

thermocouple tip within 1 inch of each other.

5. From the Main Menu screen, select “F3”

(followed by the “ENT” key) to enter the Setup

menu screen. Scroll down to, and select 

“Calibrate”. Record the sampler (Tamb) and 

NIST-traceable ambient temperature 

measurements on the Pb-PEP Calibration 

Worksheet in the “Initial Calibration 

Comparison” section and compute a difference. 

6. Place the temperature probe from the NIST-traceable standard and the tip of the thermocouple in 

the ice/water mixture and allow to equilibrate. 

7. From the Calibrate Menu, use the DOWN arrow to 

highlight Tamb and press the “ENT” key. 

Figure 10-3 will appear on the display screen.

8. To change the temperature set point press the“F1” 

(ADD) key. A screen will prompt the user to enter 

the reference value. Type the temperature reading in 

oC from the NIST-traceable standard using the 

keypad and press the “ENT” key when completed. 

The sampler will start taking readings to determine 

A1 and A0, which it will use to calculate 

temperature based on the reading(s) entered. Do not 

exit/save the calibration until Steps 8-10 are 

completed. Record the sampler and NIST-traceable 

ice/water temperature measurement readings on the 

Figure 10-2. Ambient Temperature 

Thermocouple

Figure 10-3. Screen Used to Change 

Ambient Temperature
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Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet in the “Initial Calibration Comparison” section and compute a 

difference.

9. Remove the thermocouple and NIST-traceable thermometer from the ice/water mixture, wipe dry, 

and let equilibrate at ambient conditions. The Teflon coating around the BGI deltaCal 

temperature probe will take some time to equilibrate to ambient temperature. Be sure to follow 

recommended procedure when temperature change is significant.

10. Place the NIST-traceable thermometer probe within ±1 inch of the thermocouple tip. Using the 

keypad, press the “F1” (ADD) key. A screen will prompt the user to enter the reference value. 

Type the temperature reading in oC from the NIST-traceable standard using the keypad and press 

the “ENT” key when completed. The sampler will again start taking readings to determine A1 

and A0, which it will use to calculate temperature based on the reading(s) entered. Record the 

sampler and NIST-traceable ambient temperature measurement readings on the Pb-PEP 

Calibration Worksheet in the “Initial Calibration Comparison” section and compute a difference.

11. Once completed press the “F4” key on the temperature calibration screen to exit. A prompt will 

initiate asking the user if they would like to save the changes. Select “Yes”. Record the sample 

and NIST-traceable standard on the Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet in the “Adjusted Calibration 

Comparison” in the “Temperature” and compute a difference. 

12. Verify that the calibration of the sampler’s temperature sensor was satisfactorily performed by 

exiting the Calibrate menu, by pressing the “ESC” key and entering the “DIAGNOSTICS” 

screen. View the ambient temperature on the display screen and compare it to the NIST-traceable 

temperature probe.

13. Repeat the verification process as described in Section 5.4, Temperature Verification and record 

measurements and difference on the Pb- PEP Calibration Worksheet in the “Post Verification” 

section. 

10.3 Flow Rate Calibration

10.3.1 Scope and Applicability

This SOP is applicable to the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP samplers. This procedure is not intended to be 

performed by the FS as part of field operations, but it has been included so experienced operators can use 

it to correct problems that might have been found when the flow rate verification was performed (see 

Section 5.5, Flow Rate Verification) or to satisfy annual calibration requirements. Flow rate calibration 

is best performed at an indoor location. For more FRM audit samplers that are approved, refer to 

sampler’s instruction manual for direction. Where possible, these manuals will be made available to the 

FS.

Note: The REDO (F3) command is used prior to the calibration being saved into the system, if a point 

needs changing for either Pamb or Tamb. 
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10.3.2 Summary of Method

A multi-point verification of the Tisch sampler is performed annually or upon failure of a single-point 

flow rate verification. The Tisch sampler uses a VFC to control the flow rate and it cannot be calibrated 

by the FS. Thus, the FS will perform a multi-point verification by restricting the flow rate using five 

restrictor plates. This multi-point verification must be within 4% of a NIST-traceable flow standard. 

After the calibration or multi-point verification, the flow rate is verified with a separate NIST-traceable 

device to confirm that the 4% verification tolerance has been achieved.

10.3.3 Definitions

Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used in the Pb-PEP.

10.3.4 Personnel Qualifications

This procedure is intended for experienced operators and/or metrology laboratory personnel.

10.3.5 Cautions

 Flow rate is calculated using ambient temperature and pressure. These parameters must be 

verified as acceptable prior to conducting a flow calibration. DO NOT perform a flow calibration 

if the barometric pressure and/or temperature are outside of acceptable verification limits. 

 Do not perform the multi-point verification of the Tisch sampler with a filter installed.

 Calibration of the sampler’s flow rate measurement system must be in the units of the actual 

ambient volumetric flow rate.

 The portable FRM sampler must pass the verification check for external leaks before the flow rate 

verification or calibration is performed. See Section 5.2 for details.

 Do not calibrate the flow rate measurement system if there is any doubt that the temperature and 

pressure measurement systems also are not in calibration. If there is doubt, verify and calibrate 

the temperature and pressure sensors first.

 Verify the connection between the sample holder and FHA-810CF adapter plate or BGI adapter 

plate is securely affixed to the sampler. 

 When the flow rate standards are not in use, store them in a protective case or container. 

 Ensure that the sampler, verification device, and calibration device are equilibrated to ambient 

conditions before beginning procedure.

 Verify the G factor and VFC serial number on the VFC match the values on the VFC+ controller 

on the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ sampler.

 Verify the flow rate condition (Q Conditioning) is set to “AMB” on the VFC+ controller.

 Verify that the BGI hivolCal standard is properly seated on the adapter plate.

 The calibration device must be different from the routine verification device.

NOTE: The calibration device is intended only for calibration. The verification device in this 

procedure is used to verify the calibration. The purpose of using different devices to calibrate and 

verify is to ensure there are no erroneous measurements by either device.

10.3.6 Equipment and Supplies

 Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet

 Adapter plate (Either the FHA-810CF, BGI, or Tisch)
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 2 NIST-traceable BGI hivolCals HVC8 or other applicable flow devices.

10.3.7 Procedure for Conducting Flow Rate Multi-Point Verification on the Tisch TE-5170 

VFC+ TSP Sampler

10.3.7.1Overview

The operating flow rate of 44 ft3/minute is verified before each PE. If the verification result is outside the 

required 4% tolerance for agreement with the target flow rate of 44 ft3/minute, then a multi-point 

verification may be required. The one-point verification must be repeated after any calibration to ensure 

the sampler operates properly at the target flow rate of 44 ft3/minute.

When performing the multi-point verification, reduction to air flow through the sample compartment is 

performed by the use of restrictor plates. The sampler’s flow rates are compared to measured flow rates 

of a reference standard (BGI hivolCal unit).

10.3.7.2Flow Rate Calibration

The flow rate calibration for the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP sampler will be calibrated using a set of 

restrictor plates and a BGI hivolCal standard. The Tisch sampler does not use a mass flow controller, so 

the calibration procedure will be used as a check to ensure proper operation of the components from the 

top of the VFC to the bottom of the motor. A satisfactory external leak check must be performed 

before conducting a flow rate calibration. All readings for flow rate are in ft3/minute. BGI hivolCal 

standards read in m3/minute, so the units will need to be converted before any calculations are performed 

(the calibration worksheet should do these conversions automatically, if the information is entered into 

the correct fields).

1. If a verification does not pass within ±4%, then a calibration is required to help locate the issue. 

Record the results of this calibration in the “Initial Verification” section of the Pb-PEP 

Calibration Worksheet and compute a percent difference. If performing an annual calibration, no 

beginning verification is required.

2. Power on the Tisch sampler and the NIST-traceable calibration flow rate calibrator (BGI hivolCal 

HVC8 calibrator) and equilibrate to ambient conditions before proceeding. The NIST-traceable 

calibration flow meter is an independent standard that is not used in the field. 

3. Complete the initial information regarding the sampler (type and serial number), field scientist 

(name, date, and location), and standards used for calibration and verification (manufacturer, 

make, model, serial number, and last certification date) on the Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet. 

Be sure to use the proper Calibration Worksheet based on sampler manufacturer.

4. Release the latch on the roof lock and open the roof. Insert the roof security quick release pin to 

secure the roof assembly when in the open position. (For safety, always insert the roof security 

quick release pin when the sampler’s roof assembly is open.)

5. Open the sample holder by loosening the large black thumb nuts and remove the transport filter. 

A transport filter should be in place when sampler is the process of being moved to reduce 

contamination into the mass flow controlled and motor assembly.

6. Place an adapter plate on the Hi-Vol screen and secure by tightening the black thumb nuts.
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7. From the Main Menu screen, select “F3” (followed by the “ENT” key) to enter the Setup menu 

screen. Scroll down to, and select “Diagnostics”. 

8. Attach the BGI hivolCal unit to the adapter plate.

9. Scroll down on the Diagnostics screen to motor, and press the “ENT” key to turn the motor on. 

Record the reading from the sampler and hivolCal into the “Initial Calibration Comparison” Flow 

Rate fields in the Calibration Worksheet.

10. Press the “ENT” key to turn the motor off again. Unscrew the hivolCal from the adapter plate. 

Place the first restrictor plate (designated plate 1) on top of the adapter hole. Re-attach the 

hivolCal so it sits snugly over the restrictor plate.

11. While “Motor” is highlighted on the Diagnostics menu, press the “ENT” key to start the motor 

again. Allow flow to stabilize before taking any readings. Record the Sampler Flow Rate 

(ft3/min) and the Standard Flow Rate (m3/min) in the Restrictor Plate 1 line of the “Adjusted 

Multi-Point Verification Comparison” section of the calibration worksheet. The sampler flow 

rate should automatically convert to m3/min if the designated electronic worksheet is being used. 

If the worksheet is being filled out by hand, use the conversion ft3/min = 0.0283168 m3/min. If 

the % Difference between the sampler and standard is <4% proceed to the next step. If the % 

Difference between the sampler and standard is >4% go to Section 10.4 Troubleshooting the 

TISCH TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler.

12. Press the “ENT” key to turn the motor off. Unscrew the hivolCal from the adapter plate. Remove 

the first restrictor plate and place the second restrictor plate (designated plate 2) on top of the 

adapter hole. Re-attach the hivolCal so it sits snugly over the restrictor plate.

13. While “Motor” is highlighted on the Diagnostics menu, press the “ENT” key to start the motor. 

Allow flow to stabilize before taking any readings. Record the Sampler Flow Rate (ft3/min) and 

the Standard Flow Rate (m3/min) in the Restrictor Plate 2 line of the “Adjusted Multi-Point 

Verification Comparison” section of the calibration worksheet. The sampler flow rate should 

automatically convert to m3/min if the designated electronic worksheet is being used. If the 

worksheet is being filled out by hand, use the conversion ft

3

/min = 0.0283168 m3/min. If the % 

Difference between the sampler and standard is <4% proceed to the next step. If the % 

Difference between the sampler and standard is >4% go to Section 10.4 Troubleshooting the 

TISCH TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler.

14. Press the “ENT” key to turn the motor off. Unscrew the hivolCal from the adapter plate. 

Remove the second restrictor plate and place the third restrictor plate (designated plate 3) on top 

of the adapter hole. Re-attach the hivolCal so it sits snugly over the restrictor plate.

15. While “Motor” is highlighted on the Diagnostics menu, press the “ENT” key to start the motor 

again. Allow flow to stabilize before taking any readings. Record the Sampler Flow Rate 

(ft3/min) and the Standard Flow Rate (m3/min) in the Restrictor Plate 3 line of the “Adjusted 

Multi-Point Verification Comparison” section of the calibration worksheet. The sampler flow 

rate should automatically convert to m3/min if the designated electronic worksheet is being used. 

If the worksheet is being filled out by hand, use the conversion ft3/min = 0.0283168 m3/min. If 

the % Difference between the sampler and standard is <4% proceed to the next step. If the % 
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Difference between the sampler and standard is >4% go to Section 10.4 Troubleshooting the 

TISCH TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler.

16. Press the “ENT” key to turn the motor off. Unscrew the hivolCal from the adapter plate. 

Remove the third restrictor plate and place the fourth restrictor plate (designated plate 4) on top of 

the adapter hole. Re-attach the hivolCal so it sits snugly over the restrictor plate.

17. While “Motor” is highlighted on the Diagnostics menu, press the “ENT” key to start the motor 

again. Allow flow to stabilize before taking any readings. Record the Sampler Flow Rate 

(ft3/min) and the Standard Flow Rate (m3/min) in the Restrictor Plate 4 line of the “Adjusted 

Multi-Point Verification Comparison” section of the calibration worksheet. The sampler flow 

rate should automatically convert to m3/min if the designated electronic worksheet is being used. 

If the worksheet is being filled out by hand, use the conversion ft3/min = 0.0283168 m3/min. If 

the % Difference between the sampler and standard is <4% proceed to the next step. If the % 

Difference between the sampler and standard is >4% go to Section 10.4 Troubleshooting the 

TISCH TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler.

18. Press the “ENT” key to turn the motor off. Unscrew the hivolCal from the adapter plate. Remove 

the fourth restrictor plate and place the fifth restrictor plate (designated plate 5) on top of the 

adapter hole. Re-attach the hivolCal so it sits snugly over the restrictor plate.

19. While “Motor” is highlighted on the Diagnostics menu, press the “ENT” key to start the motor 

again. Allow flow to stabilize before taking any readings. Record the Sampler Flow Rate 

(ft3/min) and the Standard Flow Rate (m3/min) in the Restrictor Plate 5 line of the “Adjusted 

Multi-Point Verification Comparison” section of the calibration worksheet. The sampler flow 

rate should automatically convert to m3/min if the designated electronic worksheet is being used. 

If the worksheet is being filled out by hand, use the conversion ft3/min = 0.0283168 m3/min. If 

the % Difference between the sampler and standard is <4% proceed to the next step. If the % 

Difference between the sampler and standard is >4% go to Section 10.4 Troubleshooting the 

TISCH TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler.

20. Repeat verification process described in Section 5.5, Flow Rate Verification and record 

measurements and difference on the Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet in the “Post Verification” 

section.

10.4 Troubleshooting the Tisch TE-5170 VFC+ TSP Sampler

1. If any of the flow rate points varies by >4% from the standard measurement, troubleshooting will 

need to be initiated to correct the problem. The following checks should be performed and after 

determining the problem, that multi-point verification point should be measured. Any re-tests 

should be documented in the “Calculations and Notes” section of the Calibration Worksheet. 

2. Check 1: Ensure the V factor on the VFC unit matches the V factor in the electronics of the 

sampler. To do this, turn the sampler on (by plugging it in) and press the “F3” key followed by 

the “ENT” key. Go to the Calibrate screen, highlight Qamb and press the “ENT” key. The A1 

value displayed is the V factor. If the V factor does not match the VFC V factor and press “F3” 

to edit and use the keypad to enter the correct V factor.

3. Check 2: Ensure the pressure and temperature calibration points were entered in correctly and the 

post verification for each passed within acceptable criteria.
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4. Check 3: Ensure that the adapter plate is tight to the housing assembly using the thumb-nut 

screws.

5. Check 4: Check the bottom of the motor assembly and ensure there is nothing restricting the flow 

out of the motor.

6. Check 5: Unscrew the collar which connects the VFC to the Sampler housing and verify the seal 

between the VFC and housing is not damaged or warped. If it is, replace it with a new, greased, 

seal.

7. Check 6: Check the threads of top of the VFC are not damaged. If there is some non-uniformity 

in the threads, Teflon tape can be used to help create a better airtight seal with the sampler 

housing unit.

8. Check 7: Verify the filter holder frame gasket is in good condition and is keeping an airtight seal 

between the VFC and motor.

9. Check 8: Remove the VFC from the motor and inspect for debris buildup or damage.

10. Check 9: Check the brushes in the motor for excessive wear. The motor brushes will wear out 

over time, and will need to be replaced every ~500 hours of sampling. Each Region will be 

responsible for changing the brushes once they have worn out. Consult the Operators Manual for 

directions on how to do this.

11. If the verification still fails, the WAM/TOPO/DOPO will need to be contacted and part or all of 

the unit will need to be sent to Tisch for repairs.
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Section 10: Pb-PEP Calibration Worksheet

Field Data Form
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Section 11

References

1. BGI Inc. 2009. High Volume Field Audit Calibrator, Single Range Model HVC8. December. 

2. Tisch Environmental Inc., 2012. VFC+ Operator’s Manual, Version 5. April. 

3. Siting criteria in 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix E.

4. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2009. Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Federal 

Pb Performance Evaluation Program. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. October. (Draft)

5. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2009. Implementation Plan for the Pb Performance 

Evaluation Program. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. July. (Draft)

6. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2008. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for 

Lead; Final Rule. 40 CFR Parts 50, 51, 53, and 58. Federal Register 73(219):66964–67062. 

November 12.

7. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2008. Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution 

Measurement Systems Volume II: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Program. EPA-454/B-08-003. 

December.

8. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2007. Revisions to Ambient Air Monitoring 

Regulations: Correcting and Other Amendments. 40 CFR Parts 53 and 58. Federal Register

72(112):32266–32269. June 12.

9. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2006. Revisions to Ambient Air Monitoring 

Regulations. 40 CFR Parts 53 and 58. Federal Register 71(200):61235–61328. October 17.

10. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2006. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for 

Particulate Matter—Final Rule. 40 CFR Part 50. Federal Register 71(200):61143–61233. October 17.

11. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2006. EPA Records Schedules. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/records/policy/schedule.

12. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2006. File Plan Guide. Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/records/tools/toolkits/filecode.

13. U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. Monitoring PM2.5 in Ambient Air Using 

Designated Reference or Class I Equivalent Methods, Section 2.12. in Quality Assurance Handbook 

for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume II, Part II. April. (Draft) 5.
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Acceptance criteria—Specified limits that are placed on the characteristics of an item, process, or 

service defined in requirements documents (American Society of Quality Control definition).

Accuracy—This term refers to a measure of the closeness of an individual measurement or the average of 

a number of measurements to the true value. Accuracy includes a combination of random error (precision) 

and systematic error (bias) components that are due to sampling and analytical operations; the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends using the terms “precision” and “bias,” rather than 

“accuracy,” to convey the information usually associated with accuracy.

Activity—This all-inclusive term describes a specific set of operations of related tasks to be performed, 

either serially or in parallel (e.g., research and development, field sampling, analytical operations, 

equipment fabrication) that, in total, result in a product or service.

Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS)—See the Air Quality System (AQS).

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)—ANSI is the administrator and coordinator of the U.S. 

private-sector voluntary standardization system. 

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)—The ASTM is a professional organization that 

develops and distributes protocols for testing and provides reference standards.

Analyst—An analyst is a staff member who weighs the new and used filters and computes the 

concentration of PM2.5 in μg/m3.

ANSI/ASTM Class 1 and 2 standards—These are the standards for weighing operations with a 

microbalance that is certified by their manufacturer as being in conformance with ASTM’s standard 

specification for laboratory weights and precision mass standards (E 617-9), particularly the Class 1 and 2 

specifications. These standards are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology 

(NIST).

Air Quality System (AQS)—The AQS, which is EPA’s repository of ambient air quality data, stores 

data from more than 10,000 monitors, 5,000 of which are currently active. State, local, and Tribal 

agencies collect monitoring data and submit it to the AQS periodically. The AQS was formerly the Air 

Quality Subsystem of the AIRS, which also contained an Air Facility System (AFS) that stored 

information on pollution sources. After the AFS was separated from AIRS, the terms AIRS and AQS 

became frequently used as synonyms to refer to the ambient air quality database.

AQS Monitor ID—This is a 10-digit combination of the AIRS Site ID and POC (see each in this 

glossary) that together uniquely defines a specific air sampling monitor for a given pollutant. Some forms 

and dialog boxes may refer to this as an AIRS ID or 10-digit AIRS ID.

AQS Site ID—This is a unique identifier for an AQS sampling site. The AQS Site ID is frequently 

combined with the Parameter Occurrence Code (POC) (see POC in this glossary) to provide a unique 10-

digit monitor ID. The first nine digits uniquely identify each air monitoring site (two-digit state code, 

three-digit county code, and four-digit site code). The tenth digit (POC) identifies the monitor at that site. 

The state and county codes are Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) codes. The four-digit site 

codes are assigned by the local agency, which may allocate them in any way it chooses, as long as there is 

no duplication in the county. AQS Site IDs are associated with a specific physical location and address. 

Any significant change in location will typically require a new site ID.
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Assessment—This term refers to the evaluation process that was used to measure the performance or 

effectiveness of a system and its elements. As used here, “assessment” is an all-inclusive term that is used 

to denote any of the following: an audit, a Performance Evaluation (PE), a management systems review 

(MSR), peer review, inspection, or surveillance.

Audit of Data Quality (ADQ)—A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the documentation and 

procedures associated with environmental measurements to verify that the resulting data are of acceptable 

quality.

Audit (quality)—A systematic and independent examination to determine whether quality activities and 

related results comply with planned arrangements and whether these arrangements are implemented 

effectively and are suitable to achieve objectives. 

Authenticate—The act of establishing an item as genuine, valid, or authoritative.

Bias—The systematic or persistent distortion of a measurement process, which causes errors in one 

direction (i.e., the expected sample measurement is different from the sample’s true value). 

Blank—A sample that is intended to contain none of the analytes of interest and is subjected to the usual 

analytical or measurement process to establish a zero baseline or background value. A blank is sometimes 

used to adjust or correct routine analytical results. A blank is used to detect contamination during sample 

handling preparation and/or analysis.

Calibration—A comparison of a measurement standard, instrument, or item with a standard or 

instrument of higher accuracy to detect and quantify inaccuracies and to report or eliminate those 

inaccuracies by adjustments. 

Calibration drift—The deviation in instrument response from a reference value over a period of time 

before recalibration.

Cassette—A device that is supplied with PM2.5 samplers to allow a weighed Teflon® filter to be held in 

place in the sampler and manipulated before and after sampling without touching the filter and to 

minimize damage to the filter and/or sample during such activities.

Certification—The process of testing and evaluation against specifications designed to document, verify, 

and recognize the competence of a person, organization, or other entity to perform a function or service, 

usually for a specified time. 

Chain of custody—An unbroken trail of accountability that ensures the physical security of samples, 

data, and records.

Characteristic—Any property or attribute of a datum, item, process, or service that is distinct, 

describable, and/or measurable.

Check standard—A standard that is prepared independently of the calibration standards and analyzed 

exactly like the samples. Check standard results are used to estimate analytical precision and to indicate 

the presence of bias due to the calibration of the analytical system.
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Collocated samples—Two or more portions collected at the same point in time and space, so as to be 

considered identical. These samples are also known as “field replicates” and should be identified as such.

Comparability—A measure of the confidence with which one data set or method can be compared to 

another.

Completeness—A measure of the amount of valid data obtained from a measurement system compared 

to the amount that was expected to be obtained under correct, normal conditions.

Computer program—A sequence of instructions suitable for processing by a computer. Processing may 

include the use of an assembler, a compiler, an interpreter, or a translator to prepare the program for 

execution. A computer program may be stored on magnetic media and referred to as “software,” or it may 

be stored permanently on computer chips, referred to as “firmware.” Computer programs covered in a 

Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) are those used for design analysis, data acquisition, data 

reduction, data storage (databases), operation or control, and database or document control registers when 

used as the controlled source of quality information.

Conditioning environment—A specific range of temperature and relative humidity values in which 

unexposed and exposed filters are to be conditioned for at least 24 hours immediately preceding their 

gravimetric analysis.

Confidence interval—The numerical interval constructed around a point estimate of a population 

parameter, combined with a probability statement (the confidence coefficient) linking it to the 

population’s true parameter value. If the same confidence interval construction technique and 

assumptions are used to calculate future intervals, then they will include the unknown population 

parameter with the same specified probability.

Confidentiality procedure—A procedure that is used to protect confidential business information 

(including proprietary data and personnel records) from unauthorized access.

Configuration—The functional, physical, and procedural characteristics of an item, experiment, or 

document.

Conformance—An affirmative indication or judgment that a product or service has met the requirements 

of the relevant specification, contract, or regulation; also, the state of meeting the requirements.

Consensus standard—A standard established by a group representing a cross section of a particular 

industry or trade, or a part thereof.

Contract Officer’s Representative (COR)—The EPA Contract Officer designates this person as the 

responsible party for managing the work. Depending on the contract, the COR could be the Delivery 

Order Project Officer (DOPO), the Task Order Project Officer (TOPO), or the Work Assignment 

Manager (WAM).

Contractor—Any organization or individual contracting to furnish services or items or to perform work.

Control chart—A graphical presentation of quality control (QC) information over a period of time. If a 

procedure is “in control,” the results usually fall within established control limits. The chart is useful in 

detecting defective performance and abnormal trends or cycles, which can then be corrected promptly.
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Corrective action—Any measures taken to rectify conditions adverse to quality and, where possible, to 

preclude their recurrence.

Correlation coefficient—A number between −1 and 1 that indicates the degree of linearity between two 

variables or sets of numbers. The closer to −1 or +1, the stronger the linear relationship between the two 

(i.e., the better the correlation). Values close to zero suggest no correlation between the two variables. 

The most common correlation coefficient is the product–moment, which is a measure of the degree of 

linear relationship between two variables.

Data of known quality—Data that have the qualitative and quantitative components associated with their 

derivation documented appropriately for their intended use; documentation is verifiable and defensible.

Data Quality Assessment (DQA)—The scientific and statistical evaluation of data to determine if data 

obtained from environmental operations are of the right type, quality, and quantity to support their 

intended use. The five steps of the DQA process include: 1) reviewing the Data Quality Objectives 

(DQOs) and sampling design, 2) conducting a preliminary data review, 3) selecting the statistical test, 4) 

verifying the assumptions of the statistical test, and 5) drawing conclusions from the data.

Data Quality Indicators (DQIs)—The quantitative statistics and qualitative descriptors that are used to 

interpret the degree of acceptability or utility of data to the user. The principal data quality indicators are 

bias, precision, and accuracy (bias is preferred); comparability; completeness; and representativeness.

Data Quality Objectives (DQOs)—The qualitative and quantitative statements derived from the DQO 

process that clarify a study’s technical and quality objectives, define the appropriate type of data, and 

specify tolerable levels of potential decision errors that will be used as the basis for establishing the 

quality and quantity of data needed to support decisions.

Data Quality Objectives (DQO) Process—A systematic planning tool to facilitate the planning of 

environmental data collection activities. DQOs are the qualitative and quantitative outputs from the DQO 

process.

Data reduction—The process of transforming the number of data items by arithmetic or statistical 

calculations, standard curves, and concentration factors and collating them into a more useful form. Data 

reduction is irreversible and generally results in a reduced data set and an associated loss of detail. 

Data usability—The process of ensuring or determining whether the quality of the data produced meets 

the intended use of the data.

Deficiency—An unauthorized deviation from acceptable procedures or practices or a defect in an item.

Demonstrated capability—The capability to meet a procurement’s technical and quality specifications 

through evidence presented by the supplier to substantiate its claims and in a manner defined by the 

customer.

Design—The design refers to specifications, drawings, design criteria, and performance requirements, as 

well as the result of deliberate planning, analysis, mathematical manipulations, and design processes.

Design change—Any revision or alteration of the technical requirements defined by approved and issued 

design output documents and by approved and issued changes thereto.
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Design review—A documented evaluation by a team, including personnel such as the responsible 

designers, the client for whom the work or product is being designed, and a quality assurance (QA) 

representative, but excluding the original designers, to determine if a proposed design will meet the 

established design criteria and perform as expected when implemented.

Detection limit (DL)—A measure of the capability of an analytical method to distinguish samples that do 

not contain a specific analyte from samples that contain low concentrations of the analyte; the lowest 

concentration or amount of the target analyte that can be determined to be different from zero by a single 

measurement at a stated level of probability. DLs are analyte and matrix specific and may be laboratory 

dependent.

Distribution—This term refers to 1) the appointment of an environmental contaminant at a point over 

time, over an area, or within a volume; and 2) a probability function (density function, mass function, or 

distribution function) used to describe a set of observations (statistical sample) or a population from 

which the observations are generated.

Document—Any written or pictorial information describing, defining, specifying, reporting, or certifying 

activities, requirements, procedures, or results.

Document control—The policies and procedures used by an organization to ensure that its documents 

and their revisions are proposed, reviewed, approved for release, inventoried, distributed, archived, 

stored, and retrieved in accordance with the organization’s requirements. 

Dry-bulb temperature—The actual temperature of the air, which is used for comparison with the wetbulb temperature.

Duplicate samples—Two samples taken from and representative of the same population and carried 

through all steps of the sampling and analytical procedures in an identical manner. Duplicate samples are 

used to assess variance of the total method, including sampling and analysis (see also collocated 

samples).

Electrostatic charge buildup—A buildup of static electrical charge on an item, such as the PM2.5 filter, 

which makes it difficult to handle, attracts or repels particles, and can influence its proper weighing.

Environmental conditions—The description of a physical medium (e.g., air, water, soil, sediment) or a 

biological system expressed in terms of its physical, chemical, radiological, or biological characteristics.

Environmental data—Any parameters or pieces of information collected or produced from 

measurements, analyses, or models of environmental processes, conditions, and effects of pollutants on 

human health and the environment, including results from laboratory analyses or from experimental 

systems representing such processes and conditions.

Environmental data operations—Any work performed to obtain, use, or report information pertaining 

to environmental processes and conditions.

Environmental monitoring—The process of measuring or collecting environmental data.

Environmental processes—Any manufactured or natural processes that produce discharges to, or that 

impact, the ambient environment.
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Environmental programs—An all-inclusive term that pertains to any work or activities involving the 

environment, including but not limited to, the characterization of environmental processes and conditions; 

environmental monitoring; environmental research and development; the design, construction, and 

operation of environmental technologies; and laboratory operations on environmental samples.

Environmental technology—An all-inclusive term used to describe pollution control devices and 

systems, waste treatment processes and storage facilities, and site remediation technologies and their 

components that may be used to remove pollutants or contaminants from, or to prevent them from 

entering, the environment. Examples include wet scrubbers (air), soil washing (soil), granulated activated 

carbon unit (water), and filtration (air, water). Usually, this term applies to hardware-based systems; 

however, it can also apply to methods or techniques used for pollution prevention, pollutant reduction, or 

containment of contamination to prevent further movement of the contaminants, such as capping, 

solidification or vitrification, and biological treatment.

Equilibration chamber—A clean chamber that is usually constructed of plastic or glass, held at near 

constant temperature and relative humidity, and is used to store and condition PM2.5 filters until they and 

their collected particulate sample (if the filters have been exposed) have reached a steady state of moisture 

equilibration.

Estimate—A characteristic from the sample from which inferences on parameters can be made.

Evidentiary records—Any records identified as part of litigation and subject to restricted access, 

custody, use, and disposal.

Expedited change—An abbreviated method of revising a document at the work location where the 

document is used when the normal change process would cause unnecessary or intolerable delay in the 

work.

Field blank—A blank that provides information about contaminants that may be introduced during 

sample collection, storage, and transport. A clean sample is carried to the sampling site, exposed to 

sampling conditions, returned to the laboratory, and treated as an environmental sample.

Field blank filter—New, randomly selected filters that are weighed at the same time that presampling 

weights are determined for a set of PM2.5 filters and used for QA purposes. These field blank filters are 

transported to the sampling site in the same manner as the filter(s) intended for sampling, installed in the 

sampler, removed from the sampler without sampling, stored in their protective containers inside the 

sampler’s case at the sampling site until the corresponding exposed filter(s) is (are) retrieved, and returned 

for postsampling weighing in the laboratory, where they are handled in the same way as an actual sample 

filter and reweighed as a QC check to detect weight changes due to filter handling.

Field (matrix) spike—A sample prepared at the sampling point (i.e., in the field) by adding a known 

mass of the target analyte to a specified amount of the sample. Field matrix spikes are used, for example, 

to determine the effect of the sample preservation, shipment, storage, and preparation on analyte recovery 

efficiency (the analytical bias). 

Field split samples—Two or more representative portions taken from the same sample and submitted for 

analysis to different laboratories to estimate inter-laboratory precision. 
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File plan—A file plan lists the records in your office, and describes how they are organized and 

maintained. For more information about EPA’s File Plan Guide, see 

http://www.epa.gov/records/tools/toolkits/filecode (see also records schedule).

Financial assistance—The process by which funds are provided by one organization (usually 

governmental) to another organization for the purpose of performing work or furnishing services or items. 

Financial assistance mechanisms include grants, cooperative agreements, and governmental interagency 

agreements.

Finding—An assessment conclusion that identifies a condition having a significant effect on an item or 

activity. An assessment finding may be positive or negative, and is normally accompanied by specific 

examples of the observed condition.

Global Positioning System (GPS)—A space-based global navigation satellite system that provides 

location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an 

unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained by the United States government 

and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver.

Goodness-of-fit test—The application of the chi square distribution in comparing the frequency 

distribution of a statistic observed in a sample with the expected frequency distribution based on some 

theoretical model.

Grade—The category or rank given to entities having the same functional use but different requirements 

for quality.

Graded approach—The process of basing the level of application of managerial controls applied to an 

item or work according to the intended use of the results and the degree of confidence needed in the 

quality of the results (see also Data Quality Objectives (DQO) Process).

Guidance—A suggested practice that is not mandatory; it is intended to be an aid or example in 

complying with a standard or requirement.

Guideline—A suggested practice that is not mandatory in programs intended to comply with a standard.

Hazardous waste—Any waste material that satisfies the definition of hazardous waste given in 40 CFR 

261, Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste.

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter—A HEPA filter is an extended-media, dry-type filter 

with a minimum collection efficiency of 99.97% when tested with an aerosol of essentially monodisperse 

0.3-μm particles.

Holding time—The period of time a sample may be stored prior to its required analysis. Although 

exceeding the holding time does not necessarily negate the veracity of analytical results, it causes the 

qualifying or “flagging” of any data not meeting all of the specified acceptance criteria. 

Hygrothermograph—An instrument that results from the combination of a thermograph and a 

hygrograph and furnishing, on the same chart, simultaneous time recording of ambient temperature and 

relative humidity. 
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Identification error—The misidentification of an analyte. In this error type, the contaminant of concern 

is unidentified and the measured concentration is incorrectly assigned to another contaminant.

Independent assessment—An assessment that is performed by a qualified individual, group, or 

organization that is not a part of the organization directly performing and accountable for the work being 

assessed.

Inspection—The examination or measurement of an item or activity to verify conformance to specific 

requirements.

Internal standard—A standard added to a test portion of a sample in a known amount and carried 

through the entire determination procedure as a reference for calibrating and controlling the precision and 

bias of the applied analytical method.

Item—An all-inclusive term that is used in place of the following: appurtenance, facility, sample, 

assembly, component, equipment, material, module, part, product, structure, subassembly, subsystem, 

system, unit, documented concepts, or data.

Laboratory analyst—The generic term used to describe the Environmental Sampling and Assistance 

Team (ESAT) contractor(s) responsible for the activities described in the SOPs.

Laboratory blank filters—New filters that are weighed at the time of determination of the presampling 

(tare) weight of each set of PM2.5 filters intended for field use. These laboratory blank filters remain in the 

laboratory in protective containers during the field sampling and are reweighed in each weighing session 

as a QC check.

Laboratory split samples—Two or more representative portions taken from the same sample and 

analyzed by different laboratories to estimate the inter-laboratory precision or variability and the data 

comparability. 

Limit of quantitation—The minimum concentration of an analyte or category of analytes in a specific 

matrix that can be identified and quantified above the method detection limit and within specified limits 

of precision and bias during routine analytical operating conditions.

Local Standard Time—The time used in the geographic location of the sample site that is set to standard 

time. Standard time is used in the Federal Reference Method (FRM) program to match continuous 

instruments to filter-based instruments. During the winter months, all areas of the country use standard 

time; however, in the summer months, some areas may go to Daylight Saving Time (1 hour ahead of 

standard time). 

Management—Those individuals who are directly responsible and accountable for planning, 

implementing, and assessing work.

Management system—A structured, nontechnical system describing the policies, objectives, principles, 

organizational authority, responsibilities, accountability, and implementation plan of an organization for 

conducting work and producing items and services.
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Management Systems Review (MSR)—The qualitative assessment of a data collection operation and/or 

organization(s) to establish whether the prevailing quality management structure, policies, practices, and 

procedures are adequate for ensuring that the type and quality of data needed are obtained.

Mass reference standard—The NIST-traceable weighing standards, generally in the range of weights 

expected for the filters.

Matrix spike—A sample that is prepared by adding a known mass of a target analyte to a specified 

amount of matrix sample for which an independent estimate of the target analyte concentration is 

available. Spiked samples are used, for example, to determine the effect of the matrix on a method’s 

recovery efficiency.

May—When used in a sentence, this term denotes permission but not a necessity.

Mean squared error—A statistical term for variance added to the square of the bias.

Mean (arithmetic)—The sum of all the values of a set of measurements divided by the number of values 

in the set; a measure of central tendency.

Measurement and Testing Equipment (M&TE)—Tools, gauges, instruments, sampling devices, or 

systems used to calibrate, measure, test, or inspect to control or acquire data to verify conformance to 

specified requirements.

Memory effects error—The effect that a relatively high concentration sample has on the measurement of 

a lower concentration sample of the same analyte when the higher concentration sample precedes the 

lower concentration sample in the same analytical instrument.

Method—A body of procedures and techniques for performing an activity (e.g., sampling, chemical 

analysis, quantification), systematically presented in the order in which they are to be executed.

Method blank—A blank that is prepared to represent the sample matrix as closely as possible and 

analyzed exactly like the calibration standards, samples, and QC samples. Results of method blanks 

provide an estimate of the within-batch variability of the blank response and an indication of bias 

introduced by the analytical procedure.

Microbalance—A type of analytical balance that can weigh to the nearest 0.001 μg (i.e., one microgram, 

or one-millionth of a gram).

Mid-range check—A standard used to establish whether the middle of a measurement method’s 

calibrated range is still within specifications.

Mixed waste—A hazardous waste material as defined by 40 CFR 261 and the Resource Conservation 

and Recovery Act (RCRA) and mixed with radioactive waste subject to the requirements of the Atomic 

Energy Act.

Must—When used in a sentence, this term denotes a requirement that has to be met.

Nonconformance—A deficiency in a characteristic, documentation, or procedure that renders the quality 

of an item or activity unacceptable or indeterminate; nonfulfillment of a specified requirement.
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Objective evidence—Any documented statement of fact, other information, or record, either quantitative 

or qualitative, pertaining to the quality of an item or activity, based on observations, measurements, or 

tests that can be verified.

Observation—An assessment conclusion that identifies a condition (either positive or negative) that does 

not represent a significant impact on an item or activity. An observation may identify a condition that has 

not yet caused a degradation of quality.

Organization—A company, corporation, firm, enterprise, or institution, or part thereof, whether 

incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration.

Organization structure—The responsibilities, authorities, and relationships, arranged in a pattern, 

through which an organization performs its functions.

Outlier—An extreme observation that is shown to have a low probability of belonging to a specified data 

population.

Parameter—A quantity, usually unknown, such as a mean or a standard deviation characterizing a 

population. Commonly misused for “variable,” “characteristic,” or “property.” 

Pb-PM10—Low-volume PM10 sampling using a 46.2-mm Teflon filter for determining lead (Pb) 

concentration.

Pb-TSP—High-volume sampling of total suspended particles (TSP) using a 8x10-inch glass fiber filter 

for determining lead (Pb) concentration.

Peer review—A documented, critical review of work generally beyond the state of the art or 

characterized by the existence of potential uncertainty. Conducted by qualified individuals (or an 

organization) who are independent of those who performed the work but collectively equivalent in 

technical expertise (i.e., peers) to those who performed the original work. Peer reviews are conducted to 

ensure that activities are technically adequate, competently performed, properly documented, and satisfy 

established technical and quality requirements. An in-depth assessment of the assumptions, calculations, 

extrapolations, alternate interpretations, methodology, acceptance criteria, and conclusions pertaining to 

specific work and of the documentation that supports them. Peer reviews provide an evaluation of a 

subject where quantitative methods of analysis or measures of success are unavailable or undefined, such 

as in research and development.

Performance Evaluation (PE)—A type of audit in which the quantitative data generated in a 

measurement system are obtained independently and compared with routinely obtained data to evaluate 

the proficiency of an analyst or laboratory.

PM2.5 —Particulate matter (suspended in the atmosphere) having an aerodynamic diameter less than or 

equal to a nominal 2.5 μm, as measured by a reference method based on 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix L, 

and designated in accordance with 40 CFR Part 53.

PM2.5 sampler—A sampler that is used for monitoring PM2.5 in the atmosphere that collects a sample of 

particulate matter from the air based on principles of inertial separation and filtration. The sampler also 

maintains a constant sample flow rate and may record the actual flow rate and the total volume sampled. 
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PM2.5 mass concentration is calculated as the weight of the filter catch divided by the sampled volume. A 

sampler cannot calculate PM2.5 concentration directly.

POC (Parameter Occurrence Code)—A one-digit identifier used in AIRS/AQS (see both defined in 

this glossary) to distinguish between multiple monitors at the same site that are measuring the same 

parameter (e.g., pollutant). For example, if two different samplers both measure PM2.5, then one may be 

assigned a POC of 1 and the other a POC of 2. Note that replacement samplers are typically given the 

POC of the sampler that they replaced, even if the replacement is of a different model or type.

Pollution prevention—An organized, comprehensive effort to systematically reduce or eliminate 

pollutants or contaminants prior to their generation or their release or discharge into the environment.

Polonium-210 (210Po) antistatic strip—A device that contains a small amount of 210Po that emits α 

particles (He2+) that neutralize the static charge on filters, making them easier to handle and their weights 

more accurate.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)—Also known as Teflon, this is a polymer that is used to manufacture 

the 46.2-mm diameter filters for PM2.5 FRM and Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) samplers.

Population—The totality of items or units of material under consideration or study.

Precision—A measure of mutual agreement among individual measurements of the same property, 

usually under prescribed similar conditions expressed generally in terms of the standard deviation.

Procedure—A specified way to perform an activity.

Process—A set of interrelated resources and activities that transforms inputs into outputs. Examples of 

processes include analysis, design, data collection, operation, fabrication, and calculation.

Project—An organized set of activities within a program.

Qualified services—An indication that suppliers providing services have been evaluated and determined 

to meet the technical and quality requirements of the client as provided by approved procurement 

documents and demonstrated by the supplier to the client’s satisfaction.

Qualified data—Any data that have been modified or adjusted as part of statistical or mathematical 

evaluation, data validation, or data verification operations.

Quality—The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to 

meet the stated or implied needs and expectations of the user.

Quality assurance (QA)—An integrated system of management activities involving planning, 

implementation, assessment, reporting, and quality improvement to ensure that a process, item, or service 

is of the type and quality needed and expected by the client.

Quality Assurance Program Description/Plan—See Quality Management Plan.

Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)—A formal document that describes in comprehensive detail 

the necessary QA, QC, and other technical activities that must be implemented to ensure that the results 
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of the work performed will satisfy the stated performance criteria. The QAPP components are divided 

into the following four classes: 1) Project Management, 2) Measurement/Data Acquisition, 3) 

Assessment/Oversight, and 4) Data Validation and Usability. Guidance and requirements on preparation 

of QAPPs can be found in EPA, Requirements for Quality Assurance Project Plans, EPA QA/R-5 and 

Guidance for Quality Assurance Project Plans, EPA QA/G-5.

Quality Assurance (QA) Supervisor or Coordinator—A staff member who assists in preparation of the 

reporting organization’s quality plan, makes recommendations to management on quality issues 

(including training), oversees the quality system’s control and audit components, and reports the results.

Quality control (QC)—The overall system of technical activities that measures the attributes and 

performance of a process, item, or service against defined standards to verify that they meet the stated 

requirements established by the customer; operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill 

requirements for quality. The system of activities and checks used to ensure that measurement systems are 

maintained within prescribed limits, providing protection against “out of control” conditions and ensuring 

the results are of acceptable quality.

Quality control (QC) sample—An uncontaminated sample matrix that is spiked with known amounts of 

analytes from a source independent of the calibration standards. This type of sample is generally used to 

establish intra-laboratory or analyst-specific precision and bias or to assess the performance of all or a 

portion of the measurement system. 

Quality improvement—A management program for improving the quality of operations. Such 

management programs generally entail a formal mechanism for encouraging worker recommendations 

with timely management evaluation and feedback or implementation.

Quality management—That aspect of the overall management system of the organization that 

determines and implements the quality policy. Quality management includes strategic planning, allocation 

of resources, and other systematic activities (e.g., planning, implementation, and assessment) pertaining to 

the quality system.

Quality Management Plan (QMP)—A formal document that describes the quality system in terms of 

the organization’s structure, the functional responsibilities of management and staff, the lines of authority, 

and the required interfaces for those planning, implementing, and assessing all activities conducted.

Quality system—A structured and documented management system that describes the policies, 

objectives, principles, organizational authority, responsibilities, accountability, and implementation plan 

of an organization for ensuring quality in its work processes, products (items), and services. The quality 

system provides the framework for planning, implementing, and assessing work performed by the 

organization and for carrying out required QA and QC.

Radioactive waste—This refers to waste material that contains or is contaminated by radionuclides and is 

subject to the requirements of the Atomic Energy Act.

Readability—The smallest difference between two measured values that can be read on the microbalance

display. The term “resolution” is a commonly used synonym.
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Readiness review—A systematic, documented review of the readiness for the startup or continued use of 

a facility, process, or activity. Readiness reviews are typically conducted before proceeding beyond 

project milestones and prior to initiation of a major phase of work.

Record (quality)—A document that furnishes objective evidence of the quality of items or activities and 

that has been verified and authenticated as technically complete and correct. Records may include 

photographs, drawings, magnetic tape, and other data recording media.

Records schedule—This schedule constitutes EPA’s official policy on how long to keep Agency records 

(retention) and what to do with them afterwards (disposition). For more information, refer to 

http://www.epa.gov/records/policy/schedule on EPA’s Web site or see file plan.

Recovery—The act of determining whether the methodology measures all of the analyte contained in a 

sample.

Remediation—The process of reducing the concentration of a contaminant (or contaminants) in air, 

water, or soil media to a level that poses an acceptable risk to human health.

Repeatability—This refers to a measure of the ability of a microbalance to display the same result in 

repetitive weighings of the same mass under the same measurement conditions. The term “precision” is 

sometimes used as a synonym. Repeatability also refers to the degree of agreement between independent 

test results produced by the same analyst, using the same test method and equipment on random aliquots 

of the same sample within a short time period. 

Reporting limit—The lowest concentration or amount of the target analyte required to be reported from a 

data collection project. Reporting limits are generally greater than detection limits and are usually not 

associated with a probability level.

Representativeness—A measure of the degree to which data accurately and precisely represent a 

characteristic of a population, a parameter variation at a sampling point, a process condition, or an 

environmental condition.

Reproducibility—The precision, usually expressed as variance, that measures the variability among the 

results of measurements of the same sample at different laboratories.

Requirement—A formal statement of a need and the expected manner in which it is to be met. 

Research (basic)—A process, the objective of which is to gain fuller knowledge or understanding of the 

fundamental aspects of phenomena and of observable facts without specific applications toward processes 

or products in mind.

Research (applied)—A process, the objective of which is to gain the knowledge or understanding 

necessary for determining the means by which a recognized and specific need may be met.

Research development/demonstration—The systematic use of the knowledge and understanding gained 

from research and directed toward the production of useful materials, devices, systems, or methods, 

including prototypes and processes.
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Round-robin study—A method validation study involving a predetermined number of laboratories or 

analysts, all analyzing the same sample(s) by the same method. In a round-robin study, all results are 

compared and used to develop summary statistics such as inter-laboratory precision and method bias or 

recovery efficiency. 

Ruggedness study—The carefully ordered testing of an analytical method while making slight variations 

in test conditions (as might be expected in routine use) to determine how such variations affect test 

results. If a variation affects the results significantly, the method restrictions are tightened to minimize 

this variability. 

Scientific method—The principles and processes regarded as necessary for scientific investigation, 

including rules for concept or hypothesis formulation, conduct of experiments, and validation of 

hypotheses by analysis of observations.

Self-assessment—The assessments of work conducted by individuals, groups, or organizations directly 

responsible for overseeing and/or performing the work.

Sensitivity—The capability of a method or instrument to discriminate between measurement responses 

representing different levels of a variable of interest. 

Service—The result generated by activities at the interface between the supplier and the customer, and 

the supplier internal activities to meet customer needs. Such activities in environmental programs include 

design, inspection, laboratory and/or field analysis, repair, and installation.

Shall—A term that denotes a requirement is mandatory whenever the criterion for conformance with the 

specification permits no deviation. This term does not prohibit the use of alternative approaches or 

methods for implementing the specification so long as the requirement is fulfilled.

Should—A term that denotes a guideline or recommendation whenever noncompliance with the 

specification is permissible.

Significant condition—Any state, status, incident, or situation of an environmental process or condition, 

or environmental technology in which the work being performed will be adversely affected sufficiently to 

require corrective action to satisfy quality objectives or specifications and safety requirements.

Software life cycle—The period of time that starts when a software product is conceived and ends when 

the software product is no longer available for routine use. The software life cycle typically includes a 

requirement phase, a design phase, an implementation phase, a test phase, an installation and check-out 

phase, an operation and maintenance phase, and sometimes a retirement phase.

Source reduction—Any practice that reduces the quantity of hazardous substances, contaminants, or 

pollutants.

Span check—A standard used to establish that a measurement method is not deviating from its calibrated 

range. 

Specification—A document that states requirements and refers to or includes drawings or other relevant 

documents. Specifications should indicate the means and criteria for determining conformance.
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Spike—A substance that is added to an environmental sample to increase the concentration of target 

analytes by known amounts. Spikes are used to assess measurement accuracy (spike recovery), whereas 

spike duplicates are used to assess measurement precision.

Split samples—Two or more representative portions taken from one sample in the field or in the 

laboratory and analyzed by different analysts or laboratories. Split samples are QC samples that are used 

to assess analytical variability and comparability.

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)—A written document that details the method for an operation, 

analysis, or action with thoroughly prescribed techniques and steps and that is officially approved as the 

method for performing certain routine or repetitive tasks.

Standard deviation—A measure of the dispersion or imprecision of a sample or population distribution 

expressed as the positive square root of the variance and having the same unit of measurement as the 

mean.

Supplier—Any individual or organization furnishing items or services or performing work according to a 

procurement document or a financial assistance agreement. An all-inclusive term used in place of any of 

the following: vendor, seller, contractor, subcontractor, fabricator, or consultant.

Surrogate spike or analyte—A pure substance with properties that mimic the analyte of interest. It is 

unlikely to be found in environmental samples and is added to them to establish that the analytical method 

has been performed properly.

Surveillance (quality)—Continual or frequent monitoring and verification of the status of an entity and 

the analysis of records to ensure that specified requirements are being fulfilled.

Technical Systems Audit (TSA)—A thorough, systematic, on-site qualitative audit of facilities, 

equipment, personnel, training, procedures, recordkeeping, data validation, data management, and 

reporting aspects of a system.

Technical review—A documented critical review of work that has been performed within the state of the 

art. The review is accomplished by one or more qualified reviewers who are independent of those who 

performed the work, but are collectively equivalent in technical expertise to those who performed the 

original work. The review is an in-depth analysis and evaluation of documents, activities, material, data, 

or items that require technical verification or validation for applicability, correctness, adequacy, 

completeness, and assurance that established requirements have been satisfied.

Traceability—This term refers to the ability to trace the history, application, or location of an entity by 

means of recorded identifications. In a calibration sense, traceability relates measuring equipment to 

national or international standards, primary standards, basic physical constants or properties, or reference 

materials. In a data collection sense, it relates calculations and data generated throughout the project back 

to the requirements for the quality of the project. This term also refers to the property of the result of a 

measurement or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to stated references, usually national or 

international standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons, all having stated uncertainties. Many 

QA programs demand traceability of standards to a national standard. In most cases this can be achieved 

through a standard traceable to NIST.
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Trip blank—A clean sample of a matrix that is taken to the sampling site and transported to the 

laboratory for analysis without having been exposed to sampling procedures. 

Validation—Confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular 

requirements for a specific intended use have been fulfilled. In design and development, validation refers 

to the process of examining a product or result to determine conformance to user needs. 

Variance (statistical)—A measure or dispersion of a sample or population distribution. Population 

variance is the sum of squares of deviation from the mean divided by the population size (number of 

elements). Sample variance is the sum of squares of deviations from the mean divided by the degrees of 

freedom (number of observations minus one).

Verification—Confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that specified 

requirements have been fulfilled. In design and development, verification refers to the process of 

examining a result of a given activity to determine conformance to the stated requirements for that 

activity. 

Wet-bulb thermometer—A thermometer with a muslin-covered bulb, which is moistened and used to 

measure the wet-bulb temperature.

Wet-bulb temperature—The temperature of the wet-bulb thermometer at equilibrium with a constant 

flow of ambient air at a rate of from 2.5 meters to 10.0 meters per second.

Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)—An air navigation aid developed by the Federal Aviation 

Administration to augment the Global Positioning System (GPS), with the goal of improving its accuracy, 

integrity, and availability.
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Data Qualifiers/Flags
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A sample qualifier or a result qualifier consists of three alphanumeric characters that act as an indicator of 

the reason that the subject data collection activity (a) did not produce a numeric result, (b) produced a 

numeric result that is qualified in some respect relating to the type or validity of the result, or (c) produced 

a numeric result but for administrative reasons is not to be reported outside the laboratory. 

Field Qualifiers

Code Definition Description

CON Contamination Contamination, including observations of insects or other debris

DAM Filter damage Filter appeared damaged

EST 1/ Elapsed sample time Elapsed sample time out of specification 

EVT Event Exceptional event expected to have affected sample (dust, fire, spraying) 

FAC Field accident Field accident either destroyed the sample or rendered it not suitable for 

analysis

FAT Failed temperature check –

ambient

Ambient temperature check out of specification 

FIT Failed temperature check –

Internal 

Internal temperature check out of specification

FLR 1/ Flow rate Flow rate 5-minute average out of specification

FLT 1/ Filter temperature Filter temperature differential, 30-second interval out of specification

FMC Failed multipoint 

calibration verification

Failed the initial multipoint calibration verification

FPC Failed pressure check Barometric pressure check out of specification 

FSC Failed single point 

calibration verification

Failed the initial single-point calibration verification

FVL Flow volume Flow volume suspect

LEK Leak suspected Internal/external leak suspected 

SIT Siting criteria Siting criteria for the PEP sampler not met

SDM Sampler damaged Sampler appears to be damaged, which may have affected the filter

SVW Severe weather Severe weather that could have affected the quality of the sample

1/- Flag generated by sampling equipment.

Laboratory Qualifiers

Code Definition Explanation

ALT Alternate measurement The subject parameter was determined using an alternate measurement method. 

Value is believed to be accurate but could be suspect.

AVG Average value The average value that is used to report a range of values.

BDL Below detectable limits There was not a sufficient concentration of the parameter in the sample to exceed 

the lower detection limit in force at the time the analysis was performed. 

Numeric results field, if present, is at best an approximate value.

BLQ Below limit of quantitation The sample was considered above the detection limit, but there was not a 

sufficient concentration of the parameter in the sample to exceed the lower 

quantitation limit in force at the time the analysis was performed.

CAN Canceled The analysis of this parameter was canceled and not performed.

CBC Cannot be calculated The calculated analysis result cannot be calculated because an operand value is 

qualified.

EER Entry error The recorded value is known to be incorrect, but the correct value cannot be 

determined to enter a correction.
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Code Definition Explanation

FBK Found in blank The subject parameter had a measurable value above the established QC limit 

when a blank was analyzed using the same equipment and analytical method. 

Therefore, the reported value may be erroneous.

FCS Failed collocated sample The collocated sample exceeded the acceptance criteria limits.

FFB Failed field blank Field blank samples exceeded acceptance criteria limits.

FIS Failed internal standard Internal standards exceeded acceptance criteria limits.

FLB Failed laboratory blank Laboratory blank samples exceeded acceptance criteria limits.

FLD Failed laboratory duplicate Laboratory duplicate samples exceeded acceptance criteria limits.

FLH Failed laboratory humidity Laboratory relative humidity exceeded acceptance criteria limits

FLT Failed laboratory temperature Laboratory temperature exceeded acceptance criteria limits.

FQC Failed quality control The analysis result is not reliable because quality control criteria were exceeded 

when the analysis was conducted. Numeric field, if present, is estimated value.

FRW Failed replicate weight The sample was reweighed and was not repeatable with acceptance criteria.

HTE Holding time exceeded Filter holding time exceeded acceptance criteria limits

ISP Improper sample preservation Due to improper preservation of the sample, it was rendered not suitable for 

analysis.

LAC Laboratory accident There was an accident in the laboratory that either destroyed the sample or 

rendered it not suitable for analysis.

LLS Less than lower standard The analysis value is less than the lower quality control standard. 

LTC Less than criteria of detection Value reported is less than the criteria of detection (which may differ from 

instrument detection limits).

NAR No analysis result There is no analysis result required for this subject parameter.

PSD Possible shipping damage Upon receipt of filter from the field, the filter appears to have been damaged 

during shipping.

REJ Rejected The analysis results have been rejected for an unspecified reason by the 

laboratory. For any results where a mean is being determined, this data was not 

utilized in the calculation of the mean.

REQ Re-queue for re-analysis The analysis is not approved and must be re-analyzed using a different method.

RET Return(ed) for re-analysis The analysis result is not approved by laboratory management and reanalysis is 

required by the bench analyst with no change in the method.

RIN Reanalyzed The indicated analysis results were generated from a re-analysis 

SIS Sample integrity suspect Based upon other flags or free-form notes the data quality from this sample is 

suspect.

STD Internal standard The subject parameter is being used as an internal standard for other subject 

parameters in the sample. There is no analysis result report, although the

theoretical and/or limit value(s) may be present.

UND Analyzed but undetected Indicates material was analyzed for but not detected.

VOD Void sample The sample had flags indicating that the sample integrity was suspect and, after 

examination, further processing was halted.
United States

Environmental Protection

Agency

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

Air Quality Assessment Division

Research Triangle Park, NC

Publication No. EPA-545/B-14-002

September 2014

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