# EUR-Lex - 52013PC0470 - EN

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# 52013PC0470

**Proposal for a DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund in accordance with point 28 of the Interinstitutional Agreement of 17 May 2006 between the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission on budgetary discipline and sound financial management (application EGF/2011/025 IT/Lombardia from Italy) /* COM/2013/0470 final - 2013/ () */**

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EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Point 28 of the Interinstitutional
Agreement of 17 May 2006 between the European Parliament, the Council and the
Commission on budgetary discipline and sound financial management[1] allows for the mobilisation of
the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (EGF) through a flexibility
mechanism, within the annual ceiling of EUR 500 million over and
above the relevant headings of the financial framework.

The rules applicable to the contributions
from the EGF are laid down in Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on establishing the European
Globalisation Adjustment Fund[2].

On 30 December 2011, Italy submitted application EGF/2011/025 IT/Lombardia
for a financial contribution from the EGF, following
redundancies in two enterprises operating in the NACE
Revision 2 Division 26 ('Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical
products')[3] in the NUTS II region of Lombardia (ITC4) in Italy.

After a thorough
examination of this application, the Commission has concluded in accordance
with Article 10 of Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006 that the conditions for a
financial contribution under this Regulation are met.

SUMMARY OF THE APPLICATION AND ANALYSIS

Key data: ||

EGF Reference no. || EGF/2011/025

Member State || Italy

Article 2 || (b)

Enterprises concerned || 2

NUTS II region || Lombardia (ITC4)

NACE Revision 2 Division || 26 ('Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products')

Reference period || 20.3.2011 – 20.12.2011

Starting date for the personalised services || 1.3.2012

Application date || 30.12.2011

Redundancies during the reference period || 529

Redundant workers targeted for support || 480

Expenditure for personalised services (EUR) || 1 687 200

Expenditure for implementing EGF[4] (EUR) || 105 000

Expenditure for implementing EGF (%) || 5,9

Total budget (EUR) || 1 792 200

EGF contribution (65 %) (EUR) || 1 164 930

1.           The application was
presented to the Commission on 30 December 2011 and supplemented by
additional information up to 12 March 2013.

2.           The
application meets the conditions for deploying the EGF as set out in Article
2(b) of Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006, and was submitted within the deadline of
10 weeks referred to in Article 5 of that Regulation.

Link between the redundancies and major structural changes in world trade patterns due to globalisation or the global financial and economic crisis

3.           In order to establish the
link between the redundancies and the global financial and economic crisis,
Italy argues that the decreased
ICT demand and investment by both consumers and enterprises caused by the crisis contributed significantly
to the slow-down in the Italian ICT and electronic components sector (Nace 26)[5] from 2009 onwards[6].

4.           According
to the Italian authorities, the ICT sector in Italy had
done rather well in the period from 2005 to 2008 achieving a reasonable level
of economic activity, in particular when compared to other sectors of the
Italian economy, and this despite strong competition from ICT companies in
countries with low production costs over the past decade (see next point). As a
result of the crisis, however, the positive trend of
the years up to 2008 was reversed, showing negative growth rates in the various
ICT branches - example IT branch: – 9,% in 2009, – 2.5% in 2010,
– 4.1% in 2011 (negative growth rates in comparison to the respective
previous years).

5.           According
to Assinform, the Italian ICT sector has been suffering from strong competition
from low-cost countries over the past decade, and the need to reorganise the
sector because of the rapid emergence of new technologies, such as cloud
computing, various types of e-services, social networks, etc., has been
recognised as a challenge for some years. The digital gap between Italy and
leading European countries as well as other countries in the world has further
widened because of the economic slow-down caused by the crisis. All these
developments have led to the
downsizing of ICT personnel in Italian enterprises in the years from 2009
onwards.

6.           The
strong decline of the ICT sector in Italy as a result of the crisis hit also the
two enterprises which are the object of this proposal: Anovo
Italia S.p.A. (Varese province) and Jabil CM S.r.l. (Milano province). Their already difficult situation was further exacerbated, and their
conversion and re-organisation
efforts undertaken in the past years failed, leading eventually to their
closure and the dismissal of the workers.

7.           In
its assessment on the applications EGF/2011/016 IT Agile (Nace 62)[7] and EGF/2010/012 NL Noord
Holland ICT (Nace 46)[8], the Commission has already stated the impact of the economic and
financial crisis on the enterprises operating in the ICT sector. These
arguments continue to be valid. [9]

Demonstration of the number of
redundancies and compliance with the criteria of Article 2(b)

8.           Italy submitted this
application under the intervention criteria of Article 2(b) of Regulation (EC)
No 1927/2006, which requires at least 500 redundancies over a nine-month period
in enterprises operating in the same NACE Revision 2 Division in one region or
two contiguous regions at NUTS II level in a Member State.

9.           The application cites 529 redundancies
in 2 enterprises operating in the NACE Revision 2 Division 26 ('Manufacture of
computer, electronic and optical products') in the NUTS II region of Lombardia
(ITC4) during the nine-month reference period from 20 March 2011 to 20 December 2011. The 322
redundancies in Jabil CM S.r.l. were calculated in accordance with the first indent of the second
paragraph of Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006 (fax letters laying off
the workers were sent by the employer on 28 September 2011). The 207
redundancies in Anovo Italia S.p.A.were calculated in accordance with the third
indent of the second paragraph of Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006. The
Commission on 29 January 2013 received the confirmation required
under Article 2(2) of the EGF Regulation that the 207 individuals reported
under the third indent have actually been made redundant.

Explanation of the unforeseen nature
of those redundancies

10.         According
to the Italian authorities, the redundancies in the two enterprises concerned
by this application, Anovo Italia S.p.A. and Jabil CM
S.r.l., were unforeseen: the financial and economic
crisis had a severe impact on both enterprises leading to the failure of all conversion and re-organisation efforts undertaken by them during
the past years and finally to the dismissal of all workers: Anovo Italia S.p.A went bankrupt
(15.12.2011), and Jabil CM S.r.l. closed down after having discontinued all activities (announcement of the closure and dismissal of the workers: 28
September 2011; end of social partner negotiations, without agreement:
13 December 2011, after which the dismissed workers occupied the Jabil
premises).

Identification of the dismissing
enterprises and workers targeted for assistance

11.         The application relates to 529
redundancies (480 of whom are targeted for assistance) in two enterprises:

Jabil CM S.r.l. (Cassina de Pecchi, Milano province)                             322

Anovo Italia S.p.A. (Saranno, Varese province)                                    207

Jabil CM S.r.l., was
established in 2007 from a former Nokia Siemens business unit, and specialised
in the production, assembly and repair of circuit boards for telecom devices (Nace 26.1). The ownership of this enterprise
changed several times in recent years, the last owner being the US group 'Competence
Mercatech' (since 2010).

Anovo Italia S.p.A belonged to the French multinational group
Anovo S.A[10]
and was operating on the Italian market from 1998 until
their bankruptcy on 15.12.2011. Anovo Italia S.p.A.
specialised in the design and delivery of integrated IT
related activities, in particular the manufacture of electronic components
(Nace 26.1).

12.         The break-down of the
targeted workers is as follows:

Category || Number || Percent

Men || 290 || 60.4

Women || 190 || 39.6

EU citizens || 473 || 98.5

Non EU citizens || 7 || 1.5

15-24 years old || 0 || 0.0

25-54 years old || 450 || 93.8

55-64 years old || 22 || 4.6

> 64 years old || 8 || 1.6

13.         None of the workers has a
longstanding health problem or disability.

14.         In terms of occupational
categories, the break-down is as follows:

Category || Number || Percent

Technicians and associate professionals (ISCO 3) || 37 || 7,7

Support workers/clerks (ISCO 4) || 57 || 11,9

Craft and related trades workers (ISCO 7) || 153 || 31,9

Plant/ machine operators & assemblers (ISCO 8) || 233 || 48,5

15.         In accordance with Article
7 of Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006, Italy has confirmed that a policy of
equality between women and men as well as non-discrimination has been applied,
and will continue to apply, during the various stages of the implementation of
and, in particular, in access to the EGF.

Description of the territory
concerned and its authorities and stakeholders

16.         The territory concerned is
Lombardia[11],
which with nearly 10 million inhabitants is the most
populated of Italy's 20 regions, and more specifically
the Varese and Milano provinces.

17.         The
responsible authorities are at national level the Ministry of Labour and Social
Policy, and at regional level the Region of Lombardia (Direzione Generale
Istruzione, Formazione e Lavoro), Milano. Stakeholders at employer side are the following associations: CLAAI (Federazione Regionale Lombarda delle Associazioni Artigiane),
CNA Lombardia (Confederazione Nazionale dell’Artigianato e delle piccole e
medie imprese), Confapindustria Lombardia, Confartigianato Lombardia,
Confcommercio Lombardia-Imprese per l’Italia, Confcooperative Lombardia.
Stakeholders representing the workers: CGIL (Confederazione generale italiana
del lavoro), CISL (Confederazione italiana
sindacati lavoratori), UIL (Unione italiana del lavoro), CISAL (Confederazione Italiana Sindacati Autonomi
Lavoratori).

Expected impact of the redundancies
as regards local, regional or national employment

18.         Lombardia
is Italy's most prosperous region, with a large economic diversity[12] which is sustained by a large
number of small and medium sized enterprises, but also some large industrial
groups. About a fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in this region. However, as
the manufacturing sectors are in decline, the region needs to tackle major
structural challenges, and, as elsewhere, the global financial and economic
crisis has aggravated the economic and labour market situation. The Italian
authorities indicated that Lombardia's industrial production contracted in 2009
by 9.4%, and that the effects on the labour market were felt as a direct
consequence: total employment fell by 1.2% in 2009 and by 0.7% in 2010 (when a
fragile recovery was noted). According to Istat, the unemployment rate in
Lombardia has been increasing since 2008: 3,7 % in 2008, 5,4 % in
2009, 5,6 % in 2010, 5,8 % in 2011 and 7,5 % in 2012.[13]

19.         In order
to limit the impact of the economic and financial crisis on the people working
in Lombardia's ICT sector, extensive use was made of social safety nets, such
as the wage compensation fund (CIG), a long-established instrument under
Italian law which can, when adverse circumstances require this, provide
financial benefits to workers in compensation of salary payments. Italy
provided the table below to illustrate the increased use of this shock absorber
scheme since the start of the crisis: In 2009, the number of hours authorised
by the authorities was almost eight times higher than the number authorised in
2008, reflecting the difficulties of the sector.

Total
CIG hours authorised in Lombardia's ICT sector (Nace 26) 
Source: INPS (Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale)

Total hours || 2005 || 2006 || 2007 || 2008 || 2009 || 2010

3.025.840 || 2.261.676 || 2.541.117 || 2.049.268 || 16.003.158 || 15.145.734

20.         According to the Italian
authorities, in particular the industrial district Distretto Technologico di
Milano (Vimercatese), where the 322 redundancies of Jabil CM S.r.l. occurred,
is in severe crisis. At
national, regional and local levels, Italy endeavours to redevelop and sustain
this district in terms of economic volume and labour. The EGF co-funded
measures will support the Italian authorities in these development and
transformation efforts.

21.         At
NUTS II level, Lombardia was also affected by another mass redundancy
event for which an EGF application was submitted to the Commission: 1 816
redundancies in 190 enterprises in the textile sector in 2006/2007[14].

Co-ordinated package of personalised
services to be funded and a breakdown of its estimated costs, including its
complementarity with actions funded by the Structural Funds

22.         The following types of
measures are proposed, all of which combine to form a coordinated package of
personalised services aimed at re-integrating the 480 targeted workers into
employment. The Italian authorities specified that any training and re-skilling
which may be necessary for the workers to prepare for a successful
re-integration on the labour market will be financed through regional sources
(hence, expenses for training and re-skilling are not to be co-financed by the
EGF).

– 
Admission and access to the assistance
package (accoglienza e accesso al servizio di assistenza): Information and administrative services for the dismissed workers,
including the signing of service agreements.

– 
Interview techniques (colloquio
specialistico): This includes in-depth
interviews with the workers to identify their current profiles, the
identification of possible reinsertion pathways and assistance in job
application techniques (CV updating).

– 
Profiling of skills (bilancio di
competenze): Set of targeted tools to analyse
each worker's occupational and social experiences and to bring to light any useful
competence and knowledge, considering also the workers' own ambitions and
wishes.

– 
Pathway definition (definizione del percorso): Establishment of a personalised professional pathway plan laying
down each worker's individual training and development needs. The plan is
signed by the worker and the assistance provider, in agreement of the
respective commitments.

– 
Monitoring, coordination and management of
the personal intervention plan (monitoraggio, coordinamento e gestione del
piano di intervento personalizzato): This
involves the follow-up and the monitoring of the personalised support according
to the agreed pathway plan. The agreed measures can be adjusted if required.

– 
Tutoring and occupational guidance (tutoring
e counselling orientativo): This includes advice
on labour market mechanisms, help with the preparation for job applications and
the accompaniment to job interviews.

– 
Exploration of job opportunities with new employers
(scouting aziendale): This includes researching
local and regional employment opportunities, contacts with potential employers,
help with the assessment of job offers, support through the selection process.

– 
Matching of skills and jobs (preselezione
e incontro domanda offerta): This aims to match
labour market demand and workers' skills with the help of specialised databases.
The workers receive tailor-made guidance regarding job vacancies and are helped
in the process of applying for a new post. The advisors further facilitate the
workers' contacts with the potential employers and provide support until a work
contract is signed.

– 
Mentoring during the first phase of a new
employment (accompagnamento al lavoro): The purpose of this measure is to support the sustainability of a
new employment: the worker and the new employer receive support in the form of
mentoring during the first phase of a work placement. A placement report is
signed by the worker to help ensure a successful re-integration. The Italian
authorities have budgeted this measure for all targeted workers, which reflects
the importance attached by them to promoting the sustainability of new work
contracts.

– 
Advice and support towards self-employment (consulenza
e supporto all'autoimprenditorialità): This
consists of a set of targeted actions to analyse the workers'
suitability/attitude towards self-employment and business creation, the
establishment of a business plan, advice related to the practical issues of a
start-up, the identification of funding opportunities.

– 
Tutoring and support during traineeship (tutoring
e accompagnamento al tirocinio): Support of workers
and potential new employers during a traineeship.

23.         The
expenditure for implementing the EGF, which is included in the application in
accordance with Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006, covers preparatory,
management and control activities as well as information and publicity.

24.         The personalised services
presented by the Italian authorities are active labour market measures within
the eligible actions defined by Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006. The
Italian authorities estimate the total costs of these services at EUR 1 687 200
and the expenditure for implementing the EGF at EUR 105 000 (5,9 %
of the total amount). The total contribution requested from the EGF is
EUR 1 164 930 (65 % of the total costs).

Actions || Estimated number of workers targeted || Estimated cost per worker targeted (EUR) || Total costs (EGF and national cofinancing) (EUR)

Personalised services (first paragraph of Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006)

Admission and access to the assistance package (Accoglienza e accesso al servizio di assistenza) || 480 || 33 || 15 840

Interview techniques (Colloquio specialistico) || 480 || 66 || 31 680

Profiling of skills (bilancio di competenze) || 480 || 330 || 158 400

Pathway definition (definizione del percorso) || 480 || 78 || 37 440

Monitoring, coordination and management of the personal intervention plan (monitoraggio, coordinamento e gestione del piano di intervento personalizzato) || 480 || 216 || 103 680

Tutoring and occupational guidance (tutoring e counselling orientativo) || 480 || 155 || 74 400

Exploration of job opportunities with new employers (scouting aziendale) || 480 || 648 || 311 040

Matching of skills and jobs (Preselezione e incontro domanda offerta) || 480 || 693 || 332 640

Mentoring during the first phase of a new employment (accompagnamento al lavoro) || 480 || 528 || 253 440

Advice and support towards self-employment (Consulenza e supporto all'autoimprenditorialità) || 273 || 768 || 209 664

Tutoring and support during a traineeship (Tutoring e accompagnamento al tirocinio) || 207 || 768 || 158 976

Sub total personalised services || || 1 687 200

Expenditure for implementing EGF (third paragraph of Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006)

Preparatory activities || || 15 000

Management || || 40 000

Information and publicity || || 15 000

Control activities || || 35 000

Sub total expenditure for implementing EGF || || 105 000

Total estimated costs || || 1 792 200

EGF contribution (65 % of total costs) || || 1 164 930

25.         Italy confirms that the
measures described above are complementary with actions funded by the
Structural Funds and that any double financing will be prevented. Some of the EGF
co-funded measure, e.g. in the area of entrepreneurship promotion, could not be
financed under the European Social Fund (ESF).

Date(s) on which the personalised
services to the affected workers were started or are planned to start

26.         Italy started the
personalised services to the affected workers included in the co-ordinated package
proposed for co-financing to the EGF on 1 March 2012. This date
therefore represents the beginning of the period of eligibility for any
assistance that might be awarded from the EGF.

Procedures for consulting the social
partners

27.         According
to the Italian authorities, discussions with the social partners took place on
various occasions at regional level, including the following events. 3 February
2012: Agenzia Regionale Istruzione, Formazione e Lavoro (ARIFEL) met
representatives from employer and worker sides to discuss the possibility of
creating a 'social enterprise' working group for the workers of Anovo Italia S.p.A (resulting in no agreement); 15 February 2012: meeting of the region's 'crisis core group'
(Note Verbale[15]);
17 February 2012: meeting of a regional ICT round table with
representatives from employer and worker sides and Regione Lombardia (Note
Verbale[16]).

28.         The Italian authorities
confirmed that the requirements laid down in national and EU legislation
concerning collective redundancies have been complied with.

Information on actions that are
mandatory by virtue of national law or pursuant to collective agreements

29.         As regards the criteria
contained in Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006, the Italian authorities
in their application:

· confirmed that the financial contribution from the EGF does not
replace measures which are the responsibility of companies by virtue of
national law or collective agreements;

· demonstrated that the actions provide support for individual workers
and are not to be used for restructuring companies or sectors;

· confirmed that the eligible actions referred to above do not receive
assistance from other EU financial instruments.

Management and control systems

30.         Italy
has notified the Commission that the financial contribution will
be managed at national level by Ministerio del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali/Direzione
Generale per le Politiche Attive e Passive del Lavoro (MLPS – DG PAPL). MLPS – DG PAPL Ufficio A is acting as managing authority; MLPS – DG
PAPL Ufficio B as certifying authority and MLPS – DG PAPL Ufficio C as audit
authority. Regione Lombardia will be the intermediate body for the managing
authority at regional level. Italy has described in its EGF application (part
I) a detailed management and control system specifying the respective
responsibilities of the actors involved at national and regional levels.

Financing

31.         On the basis of the
application from Italy, the proposed contribution from the EGF to the
coordinated package of personalised services (including
expenditure to implement EGF) is EUR 1 164 930,
representing 65 % of the total cost. The Commission's proposed allocation
under the Fund is based on the information made available by Italy.

32.         Considering the maximum
possible amount of a financial contribution from the EGF under Article 10(1) of
Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006, as well as the scope for reallocating
appropriations, the Commission proposes to mobilise the EGF for the total
amount referred to above, to be allocated under heading 1a of the financial
framework.

33.         The proposed amount of
financial contribution will leave more than 25 % of the maximum annual
amount earmarked for the EGF available for allocations during the last four
months of the year, as required by Article 12(6) of Regulation (EC) No
1927/2006.

34.         By presenting this proposal
to mobilise the EGF, the Commission initiates the simplified trialogue
procedure, as required by Point 28 of the Interinstitutional Agreement of 17
May 2006, with a view to securing the agreement of the two arms of the
budgetary authority on the need to use the EGF and the amount required. The
Commission invites the first of the two arms of the budgetary authority that
reaches agreement on the draft mobilisation proposal, at appropriate political
level, to inform the other arm and the Commission of its intentions. In case of
disagreement by either of the two arms of the budgetary authority, a formal
trialogue meeting will be convened.

35.         The Commission presents
separately a transfer request in order to enter in the 2013 budget specific
commitment appropriations, as required in Point 28 of the Interinstitutional
Agreement of 17 May 2006.

Source of payment appropriations

36.         Appropriations allocated to
the EGF budget line in the 2013 budget will be used to cover the amount of
EUR 1 164 930 needed for the present application.

Proposal for a

DECISION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL

on the mobilisation of the European
Globalisation Adjustment Fund in accordance with point 28 of the
Interinstitutional Agreement of 17 May 2006 between the European Parliament,
the Council and the Commission on budgetary discipline and sound financial
management (application EGF/2011/025 IT/Lombardia from Italy)

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to the Interinstitutional
Agreement of 17 May 2006 between the European Parliament, the Council and the
Commission on budgetary discipline and sound financial management[17], and in particular point 28
thereof,

Having regard to Regulation (EC) No
1927/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006
establishing the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund[18], and in particular Article
12(3) thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the European
Commission[19],

Whereas:

(1)       The European Globalisation
Adjustment Fund (EGF) was established to provide additional support for workers
made redundant as a result of major structural changes in world trade patterns
due to globalisation and to assist them with their reintegration into the
labour market.

(2)       The scope of the EGF was
broadened for applications submitted from 1 May 2009 to 30 December 2011 to
include support for workers made redundant as a direct result of the global
financial and economic crisis.

(3)       The Interinstitutional
Agreement of 17 May 2006 allows the mobilisation of the EGF within the annual
ceiling of EUR 500 million.

(4)       Italy submitted an
application to mobilise the EGF, in respect of redundancies in 2 enterprises
operating in the NACE Revision 2 Division 26 ('Manufacture of computer,
electronic and optical products') in the NUTS II region of Lombardia (ITC4), on 30 December 2011 and supplemented it by additional information up to 12 March 2013. This application complies with the requirements for determining
the financial contributions as laid down in Article 10 of
Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006. The Commission, therefore,
proposes to mobilise an amount of EUR 1 164 930.

(5)       The EGF should, therefore,
be mobilised in order to provide a financial contribution for the application
submitted by Italy,

HAVE ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1

For the general budget of the European
Union for the financial year 2013, the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund
(EGF) shall be mobilised to provide the sum of EUR 1 164 930 in
commitment and payment appropriations.

Article 2

This Decision shall be published in the Official
Journal of the European Union.

Done at Brussels,

For the European Parliament                       For
the Council

The President                                                 The
President

[1]               OJ C 139, 14.6.2006, p. 1.

[2]               OJ L 406, 30.12.2006, p. 1.

[3]               Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 establishing the statistical
classification of economic activities NACE Revision 2 and amending Council
Regulation (EEC) No 3037/90 as well as certain EC regulations on specific
statistical domains (OJ L 393, 30.12.2006, p. 1).

[4]               In accordance with the third paragraph of Article 3
of Regulation (EC) No 1927/2006.

[5]               The Nace 26 sector includes a
variety of activities, including manufacture of computer and electronic
products, of optical and electrical appliances, measuring instruments, watches
and clocks as well as service activities related to the production of software,
consultancy and related activities.

[6]               Sources quoted by Italy: Assinform – Italian
Association of Information & Communications Technologies (www.assinform.it);
2009 report of Osservatorio ICT & PMI della School of Management del
Politecnico di Milano (www.osservatori.net); ISTAT (http://www.istat.it/).

[7]               COM(2013) 120 final.

[8]               COM(2010) 685 final.

[9]               More information on the EGF applications by sector
can be found in the EGF Statistical Portrait 2007-2011 and in subsequent
updates, available on http://ec.europa.eu/egf.

[10]             Founded in 1987, Anovo S.A.
operated some 20 offices throughout Europe, as well as in South and Central
America. The French enterprise went into liquidation in 2011.

[11]             NUTS II region in the North of Italy (regional capital:
Milano)

[12]    Includes manufacturing sectors, such as mechanics, electro,
metal, chemical, food, as well as services sectors, such as banking, transport,
communication.

[13]             http://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/econo/ecore/2010/analisi_s_r/1046_lombardia/Lombardia_2009.pdf; http://www.istat.it/it/lombardia

[14]             EGF/2007/007 IT/Lombardia, OJ L
330, 9.12.2008.

[15]             https://arifl.box.com/s/d9994b938ecb153700d7

[16]             https://arifl.box.com/s/ea34733bb72d514b5404

[17]             OJ C 139, 14.6.2006, p. 1.

[18]             OJ L 406, 30.12.2006, p. 1.

[19]             OJ C [...], [...], p. [...].