Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 1 of 44

Summary of Findings for Presentation to 

the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 

Essar Steel / Minnesota Steel 

Results of Testing at 1⁄4-Scale of LE Low NOX Burner Prototype for StraightGrate Pelletizing Furnaces 

Fives North American Combustion, Inc. 

September 19, 2011
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 2 of 44

Confidentiality and Intellectual Property 

Notice

The work contained herein is the result of a collaborative engineering effort between Essar Engineering 

Services Limited, Essar Steel Minnesota LLC, Barr Engineering Company, Jacobs Engineering (formerly Aker 

Technical Services) and Fives North American Combustion, Inc. 

Fives North American Combustion, Inc., owns and remains the owner of all intellectual property rights and 

know-how contained in this report, including those aspects that have been developed specifically for this 

report, as well as of all the technical documents, graphics, plans or drawings, etc., provided. 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 3 of 44

Table of Contents

Notice ......................................................................................................................................................... 2

Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 3

Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 4

Background ................................................................................................................................................. 4

Scope of Testing and Evolution of Burner Design .......................................................................................... 6

Test Parameters and Scaling ........................................................................................................................ 9

Test Results............................................................................................................................................... 10

Considerations for Scale-up of Test Results ................................................................................................ 10

Appendix A – 3-D Model of Test Rig and Hot Air Generator ........................................................................ 13

Appendix B – Phots of Test Rig and Hot Air Generator ................................................................................ 15

Appendix C – Copy of 8-11-2011 POWERPOINT presentation to MPCA ....................................................... 19

Appendix D – Raw Data ................................................................................................... Separate EXCEL File
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 4 of 44

Results of Testing at 1⁄4-Scale of LE Low NOX Burner Prototype for Straight-Grate 

Pelletizing Furnaces 

Executive Summary of Findings 

Based on analysis and bench-scale (approximately 60:1) testing performed in an engineering study during late 

2008, a special configuration of the LE burner was designed for installation on the pelletizing furnace to be 

constructed and permitted as part of Essar’s proposed new plant located near Nashwauk, MN. The analysis 

and bench-scale tests suggested that pelletizing furnace NOX emissions could be reduced by 80% to 90% 

compared to uncontrolled emissions from conventional burners installed on similar furnaces. That LE burner 

configuration, as well as the anticipated highest NOX (highest temperature, highest firing rate) downcomer of 

the 28 fired downcomers on the furnace, was modeled at 1⁄4 scale on a flow and energy input basis, which 

corresponds to 1⁄2 scale on a geometric basis. A special test rig to provide the process air and burner flows at 

the indicated 1⁄4 scale was constructed, and testing at process conditions was performed at FivesNA’s facility in 

Cleveland, OH. 

The first LE burner configuration as designed and operated based on the engineering study did not perform 

quite as well as expected, generating NOX emissions of around 1 lb/MMBtu, which represents a reduction of 

around 75% compared to a baseline of 4.0 lb/MMBtu. Optimization of configuration and operating 

parameters for that design ultimately resulted in NOx emissions of around 0.5 lb/MMBtu. Although this level 

of reduction from baseline NOX emissions is consistent with the engineering study results, evolution of both 

the furnace production requirements and the NOX emissions permit process have resulted in a requirement 

for even lower burner NOX emissions. Therefore, investigation and testing of alternative designs was 

performed to identify a burner design capable of even lower NOX emissions. 

The final result is the configuration described in this report, which has achieved an average emissions factor of 

0.22 lb/MMBtu over three tests, each test lasting about three hours. 

Background 

In October 2007, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency issued Air Emission Permit No. 06100067-001 to 

Minnesota Steel Industries, LLC (MSI) for the production of Pellets, DRI, and Steel at a plant to be built near 

Nashwauk, MN. MSI was acquired by the Essar group, India in September 2007 and the facility name was 

subsequently changed to Essar Steel Minnesota LLC (ESML). Essar Steel Minnesota, LLC is a subsidiary of Essar 

Global Limited [Essar Global”]. Essar Global is a diversified business corporation with a balanced portfolio of 

assets in the manufacturing and services sectors of Steel, Energy, Power, Communications, Shipping Ports & 

Logistics, and Construction. Essar Steel is a global producer of steel that includes existing operations in India, 

Canada, Middle East and Asia. Essar Steel Algoma is an integrated steel mill in Sault Ste. Marie, Canada that 

currently buys iron ore pellets on the open market. 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 5 of 44

After acquisition of the MSI project, Essar Group initiated an assessment to determine how best to fully 

incorporate the MSI project into its existing and planned pellet and steel making assets. Prior to purchasing 

MSI, the Essar Group has been in the process of designing a number of pellet plants to be built in various 

locations around the world. The design basis for these pellet plants includes a standardized indurating furnace 

dimension of 744 m2. In line with this design dimension, ESML approached the MPCA in June 2008 to discuss 

the permitting implications of installing a 744 m2 indurating furnace that would be operated in accordance 

with current permit limitations based on a maximum pellet making capacity of 4.1 mtpa. MPCA subsequently 

asked ESML to establish that the NOX emissions from a 744 m2 induration furnace operating at no greater than 

4.1 mtpa would be within allowable limits. 

In late October of 2008, Aker Solutions, (now Jacobs Engineering) the technology supplier for the indurating 

furnace, and Fives North American Combustion (FivesNA), the natural gas burner designers, were engaged by 

Essar to study a gas burner technology that would ensure compliance with NOX emission limits at maximum 

and reduced (turn down) pellet making capacities. That study which came to be known at the “Low NOX” 

study, incorporated analysis of results from other applications, bench-scale laboratory testing, and CFD 

analysis to examine the feasibility of using FivesNA low NOX LE burners to achieve NOX reductions greater than 

70% in a straight-grate pelletizing furnace. The results of the study were reported to Essar in February, 2009. 

The study concluded that reductions of 80% to 90% in NOX emissions could be achieved using a special 

configuration of the FivesNA LE burner. 

The Low NOX engineering study established solid underpinnings for expectations of NOX reductions 

approaching an order of magnitude compared to conventional burner technology. However, the unique 

potential of the pelletizing process for generating NOX emissions, and the small scale (~1/60) and other 

limitations of the laboratory simulation performed in the engineering study, prevented sufficiently accurate 

prediction of the NOX emissions from an actual production furnace. Analysis of FivesNA experience with 

laboratory simulation and burner scaling from a wide range of industrial applications suggested that a test 

installation at 1⁄4 scale would be sufficient for prediction of results at actual scale, and was feasible to build and 

install in our laboratory. A proposal was provided to build and install a 1⁄4 scale test facility, including a large 

regeneratively fired hot-air generator to provide the required quantity of very high temperature (1600 to 1800 

F) process air to simulate the pelletizing furnace. 

That proposal was accepted by Essar and the MPCA; construction of the facility was completed and testing 

began in early June, 2011. The scope of the testing was to include confirmation and optimization of the 

special LE configuration designed based on the engineering study results, as well as characterization of the 

NOX emissions from the conventional inspirating type burners that have traditionally been used to fire 

pelletizing furnaces. A 3-D model of the test rig is shown in Appendix A, and photos of it are shown in 

Appendix B. 

Meanwhile, the production and permit requirements continued to be developed by Essar, Jacobs, and the 

MPCA. When the initial phases of testing at 1⁄4 scale indicated that a burner resembling the standard LE 

configuration would not provide NOX emissions low enough to meet the new requirements, FivesNA and Essar 

agreed to change the scope of the 1⁄4 scale testing to investigate alternate burner configurations that would be 

capable of meeting the current requirements. 

FivesNA was successful in developing a new configuration for a lean-premix fuel-staged burner, and the results 

of those efforts are described in this report. Those results have already been provided in summary form to 

Essar and the MPCA as a POWERPOINT presentation during a meeting at the FivesNA facility in Cleveland, OH 

on August 11, 2011. A copy of that presentation is included in Appendix C of this report. 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 6 of 44

Scope of Testing and Evolution of Burner Design 

Testing was performed in four phases. Those phases and their results are briefly described followed by a more 

detailed description of the test results for the final configuration. 

The first burner configurations tested were variations of our standard LE Burner design. The LE burner is a 

fuel-staged, partial premix combustion system. Burner combustion air preheated to 650 F is provided to the 

Main Combustion Air Inlet of the burner. A small amount of ambient air (typically between 1% and 5% of the 

main combustion air) is supplied to the Radial Air Inlet, for the purpose of stabilizing and reinforcing the 

primary zone burner flame. Primary fuel is supplied to the Primary Gas Inlet, pre-mixed with the main 

combustion air, and burned in a Primary Reaction Zone. A small amount of fuel (typically between 1% and 3% 

of total fuel) is also supplied to the Radial Gas Inlet, for the purpose of stabilizing and reinforcing the primary 

zone pre-mix burner flame. Primary fuel is intimately mixed with the main combustion air in a series of 

elements internal to the burner body. These mixing elements are integrated into the stabilizer design 

resulting in a highly uniform, lean burning flame front. By tightly controlling the thermo-chemical state in this 

reaction zone, NOX production is strongly inhibited, frequently resulting in levels of less than 5 ppm NOx being 

formed in the primary combustion zone. 

Since the primary zone operates fuel lean, secondary fuel is supplied to the Secondary Gas Inlet, bringing the 

overall burner fuel/air ratio to stoichiometric conditions. The secondary fuel is fed through injectors to a 

second combustion stage which is external to the Primary Reaction Zone. Products of the fuel-lean 

combustion from the Primary Reaction Zone pass through a converging outlet formed by the burner tile into 

the combustion chamber. The secondary fuel mixes with the lean primary-zone products of combustion, and 

with the process air, in the combustion chamber. In this case, the combustion chamber is the horizontal 

section of the process air downcomer feeding the indurating furnace. 

A schematic representation of the burner initial configuration is shown in Figure 1. 

 

Testing was initiated to determine performance of the LE burner based on the results of the engineering 

study, with a range of injector hardware and operating parameters specified to determine best performance 

of the LE burner with only minor variations in configuration from the standard burner which has an excellent 

track record of ultra-low NOX emissions in various applications. The results of that initial round of testing were 

NOX emissions factors of approximately 1.0 lb/MMBtu. While representing a substantial reduction in NOX

compared with conventional burners, those results did not meet the evolving needs of this project, nor were 

they consistent with the expected results from the engineering study. This initial testing did suggest 

qualitative trends in burner configuration and operating parameters for improving NOX emissions. The test 

results showed that the underlying reason for the difference was due to much higher than expected NOX

emissions from the secondary fuel. 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 7 of 44

MagnaFlame LE Technology Platform 

Figure 1 

A second phase of testing was undertaken to verify that the premix primary combustion in this application was 

performing as expected, and then adjusting the ratio of primary to secondary fuel upward to the highest level 

allowed by the temperature limits for the refractory used in the primary reaction zone. These tests confirmed 

that the NOX from the primary combustion was exactly the same as in all previous applications of the LE 

burner. The adjustment of the operating parameter of primary fuel/secondary fuel ratio further improved the 

NOX emissions to around 0.7 lb/MMBtu. 

A third phase of testing looked at determining the optimum configuration for the external injectors. The angle 

and velocity of the secondary fuel injected were adjusted to maximize interaction of the secondary fuel with 

the products of combustion from the primary reaction zone. These adjustments resulted in NOX emissions 

factors of approximately 0.5 lb/MMBtu. This result is consistent with the level of NOX emissions reductions 

suggested by our engineering study. However, the evolution of process and production requirements and the 

unfolding of the permit process up to this time resulted in a requirement for significantly lower NOX emissions 

factors, in the range 0.2 to 0.25 lb/MMBtu. Since it appeared that any further improvements in NOX emissions 

for this process (iron ore pelletizing) with the standard LE platform using external injectors would be 

incremental, it was necessary to investigate novel approaches to this problem in order to reduce the emissions 

by 50% from this already historically low level. 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 8 of 44

Over a period of a few days, we made several “quick and dirty” tests of some new approaches. The idea was 

to retain the lean premix, which our testing on the quarter-scale pelletizing rig showed to be as effective as 

ever, but to look at new ways of incorporating secondary fuel. One of the most promising approaches seemed 

to be direct forward injection of the secondary fuel within the primary reaction zone. Hardware production 

was expedited to perform further tests of this approach. The resulting configuration incorporated a highpressure forward-injection secondary fuel nozzle located on the burner axis, injecting secondary fuel at high 

velocity into the primary reaction zone. 

 After initial results looked encouraging, three test runs, each test lasting three hours, were made at 

production conditions, as described in this report. The results of those tests have already been summarized in 

a presentation made to Essar and to the MPCA at our facility here in Cleveland, and the raw data from those 

tests subsequently was provided to the MPCA by email on August 12, 2001. Both the presentation and the 

raw data are included as attachments to this report, and the summary is repeated in the section headed “Test 

Results”, below.

The final configuration of the burner which is the basis for the detailed results described in this report is 

shown in Figure 2. 

Figure 2 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 9 of 44

A table summarizing the development process is shown in Figure 3 below. 

1/4-scale 

Testing

Burner Platform Test Activities

Resulting NOX

Emissions Factors, 

lb/MMBtu

First 

phase

LE Platform (Premix primary combustion, 

external secondary injectors and external 

reaction zone)

Range of injector 

configurations (placement, 

orientation, fuel pressure)

1

Second 

phase

LE Platform (Premix primary combustion, 

external secondary injectors and external 

reaction zone)

Optimize operating 

parameters (radial air, radial 

fuel, pri/sec fuel ratio)

0.7

Third 

phase

LE Platform (Premix primary combustion, 

external secondary injectors and external 

reaction zone)

Further optimize Injector 

configuration 0.5

Final 

phase

New Version of LE Burner (Premix primary 

combustion, direct injection of secondary 

fuel into primary reaction zone)

Optimize burner 

configuration and operating 

parameters

0.22

Figure 3 

Test Parameters and Scaling 

The Essar furnace will incorporate 28 fired downcomers; each downcomer supplying recuperated process air 

to be heated by a burner to the temperature required to indurate 6.5 MTPY of high-flux pellets. The 

downcomers are arranged in symmetric pairs, with each pair supplying one windbox. Each downcomer is to 

be fired with an individual LE burner. Expected flows and firing rates for the individual pairs of downcomers 

vary, based on expected process requirements and position in the furnace. The downcomers supplying 

windbox # 19 are highest in process air temperature and fired input, therefore these downcomers are 

expected to have the highest NOX emissions. The test rig was based on 4:1 input and flow scaling of the WB 

19 downcomers. 

Values of scaled parameters are shown in Figure 4. 

Parameter Actual Furnace, WB # 19 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Downcomer Air Flow, SCFH 868,000 213,900 211,000 211,200

Downcomer Air Temperature, F 1720 1702 1700 1701

Burner Input, MMBtu LHV 24.2 6.09 6.09 6.1

Burner Combustion Air Flow, SCFH 252,000 63,900 63,900 63,800

Burner Comb. Air Temperature, F 650 652 652 652

Burner Radial Air Flow, SCFH 10,500 1200 1200 1200

Burner Excess Air (incl Radial), SCFH 4.2% 2.0% 1.9% 1.7%

Temperature Above Bed, F 2410 2276 2295 2274

Figure 4 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 10 of 44

Test Results

The results of the three-hour tests are shown in Figure 5. The three-test average NOX emissions factor is 0.222 

lb/MMBtu. 

Parameter Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Average NOX Emissions Factor, lb/MMBtu: 0.235 0.214 0.218

Average O2 in POC: 16.94% 16.59% 16.91%

Average CO in POC (uncorrected), PPM: 0.00 0.00 0.00

Average NOX in POC (uncorrected), PPM: 42.9 42.4 40.1

NO Calibration Span Gas, PPM: 50.5 50.5 50.5

NOX analyzer zero offset, beginning of test, PPM: 0 0 0

NOX analyzer zero offset, end of test, PPM: 0 0 0.1

NOX analyzer total zero drift during test, % of span: 0% 0% 0.20%

NOX analyzer span, beginning of test (reading/offset), 

PPM:

54.9/4.4 53.6/3.1 50.3/-

0.2

NOX analyzer span, end of test (reading/offset), PPM: 53.7/3.2 53.9/3.4 49.6/-

0.9

NOX analyzer total span drift during test, % of span: -2.38% -0.59% -1.39%

Test Duration, minutes: 180 172 178

Figure 5 

The above summary was also included in the POWERPOINT presentation provided to the MPCA on August 11, 

2011 and in Appendix C of this report. The raw data used to generate the summary was provided to the MPCA 

by email in an EXCEL file on August 12, 2011, and the EXCEL file is included as Appendix D attached as a 

separate file with this report. 

Considerations for Scale-Up of Test Results 

The engineering study considered both experience with the LE burner in other processes and the results of 

bench-scale tests (~60:1) in concluding that NOX emissions from a straight-grate pelletizing furnace could be 

reduced by 80% to 90% compared to conventional pelletizing furnace burners. Both types of analysis 

presented challenges with respect to prediction of actual NOX emissions from a full-scale LE burner installed 

on a pelletizing downcomer. 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 11 of 44

In most past applications of the LE Burner with external secondary fuel injectors, there were two important 

differences compared to installation in a pelletizing furnace downcomer. One is that for past applications such 

as boilers and reheat furnaces the final products of combustion from the process furnace were low in oxygen 

content—usually less than 5%. In a pelletizing furnace downcomer, the oxygen level in the final products of 

combustion is typically between 15% and 18%. The second is that for the past applications of the LE, most of 

the mass flow and almost all of the energy input are from the burner, and therefore the burner design usually 

is the dominant factor in determining mixing of the secondary fuel with the furnace atmosphere and the 

primary products of combustion. In a pelletizing furnace downcomer, the process air flow is the dominant 

factor in determining the mixing of the other flows with the secondary fuel, and the burner has a lesser 

influence on the mixing dynamics in the combustion chamber. 

The significance of these two factors with respect to predicting the performance of the LE based on previous 

applications in different processes is that the external injectors make a disproportionate amount of the total 

NOX, and the differences between the types of processes don’t impact the premix NOX, but do impact the NOX

from secondary fuel injected into the combustion chamber. Injecting the secondary fuel directly into the 

premix products of combustion in the primary reaction zone provides a more predictable result, since the 

primary reaction zone conditions are only weakly affected by the process, even in a pelletizing furnace. This is 

because much of the primary reaction zone is shielded from the process flow by being inside the burner tile. 

Even the part of the combustion reaction that takes part outside of the burner tile in the combustion chamber 

is less affected by the process, because the secondary fuel is already partly combusted in the low-oxygen 

products of combustion inside the tile, and is already significantly vitiated before it ever has a chance to be 

affected by the process air flow. 

With respect to scale-up, important questions are: 

 Does the test scale permit accurate geometric scaling? 

 Is the behavior of the parameter(s) of interest (NOX emissions) over the range of the scaled parameters 

(geometry, energy inputs, mass flows) consistent and well-understood? 

For the bench-scale testing conducted in the engineering study, the scale of 1/60 was too small to faithfully 

scale all of the geometric and flow parameters, such as burner flow area to downcomer flow area, injector 

number and placement, and process flow velocity. (Despite these limitations, the bench-scale testing did 

provide a good indication of the level of NOX reductions achievable, since the indicated level of NOX reduction 

from base-case of almost 90% was achieved by the LE with external injectors, although with some adjustment 

of the burner configuration and operating parameters.) In the 1⁄4 scale test rig, the cross-sectional area scaling 

was very representative of actual furnace geometry, as were the energy inputs and flows. 

The behavior of the NOX emissions over the scaled range has two components— NOX from the premixed fuel 

and NOX from the injector fuel. The 1/60 scale bench rig was clearly too small to accurately predict results for 

the NOX from the injector fuel at larger scale. This was demonstrated by the fact that both the injector 

configuration and the primary/secondary fuel ratio had to be adjusted to achieve the same level of NOX

reduction on the 1⁄4 scale rig as was achieved with the 1/60 scale test. The bench rig did provide a reasonable 

indication of the contribution of the premix NOX, even with the limitations in accurate geometric scaling 

described above. We would expect that the 1⁄4 scale rig is sufficient to allow accurate prediction of external 

injector NOX, but we are even more confident in predicting full-scale results for the configuration reported 

here, because the secondary fuel is injected directly into the premix reaction zone, rather than externally to 

the primary reaction zone in the combustion chamber. 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 12 of 44

A premix-only version of the LE burner, known as the LEx burner, designed to operate lean without a second 

stage of fuel injected externally to bring the burner to stoichiometric fuel/air ratio, has been applied to 

commercial applications with single burners ranging in size from 1 MMBtu/hr to 400 MMBtu/hr. Premix-only 

NOX is very consistent across this entire range. Obviously, both the 1⁄4 scale burner at 6.5 MMBtu/hr and the 

full-scale burner operating at 26 MMBtu/hr fall well within the commercial range of sizes for the LE and LEx 

burners. The premix NOX for the tested version of this burner was verified as being completely consistent with 

the results from numerous successful commercial applications of the burner. 

In summary: 

1. Lean premix NOX has been demonstrated to be transferable across a wide variation of applications. 

2. Lean premix NOX has already been demonstrated to be consistent across a much wider scale of inputs 

than is represented by the scale from the test rig to the actual pelletizing furnace. 

3. The lean premix NOX has been demonstrated on the test rig to be consistent with historic performance. 

4. The secondary fuel injection for the burner configuration reported here has been moved from being 

injected externally to being injected directly into the primary reaction zone, where it is partially 

shielded from process effects. 

We therefore believe that NOX emissions in the actual furnace should be consistent with those measured at 

the 1⁄4 scale test conditions. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Bruce Cain 

Research Engineer 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 13 of 44

Appendix A

3-D Model of Test Rig and Hot Air Generator 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 14 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 15 of 44

Appendix B 

Photos of Test Rig and Hot Air Generator 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 16 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 17 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 18 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 19 of 44

Appendix C 

8-11-2011 POWERPOINT Presentation to the MPCA 
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 20 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 21 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 22 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 23 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 24 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 25 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 26 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 27 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 28 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 29 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 30 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 31 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 32 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 33 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 34 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 35 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 36 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 37 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 38 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 39 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 40 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 41 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 42 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 43 of 44
Low NOx Pelletizing, 1⁄4 Scale Test Report 2011-8-24, Project 8342, page 44 of 44