EX-4.2



 Exhibit 4.2 

MODERNA THERAPEUTICS, INC. 

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT 

THIS SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made as of the 7th day of May, 2018,
by and among Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and each of the investors listed on Schedule A hereto together with any subsequent transferees who become parties hereto as
“Investors” pursuant to Section 6.1 and any subsequent purchasers of Preferred Stock who become parties hereto as “Investors” pursuant to Section 6.9 below, each
of which is referred to in this Agreement as an “Investor”. 
 RECITALS 

WHEREAS, the Company and certain of the Investors are parties to the Series H Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of April 17,
2018 (the “Purchase Agreement”); 
 WHEREAS, the Company and certain Investors have previously entered into that certain
Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement dated as of January 31, 2018, as amended (the “Prior Agreement”); 

WHEREAS, the parties hereto constitute the requisite parties to amend and restate the Prior Agreement, pursuant to Section 6.6 thereof;
and 
 WHEREAS, to induce certain Investors to enter into the Purchase Agreement and purchase shares of Series H Preferred Stock thereunder,
the Company and the other Investors desire to amend and restate the Prior Agreement and to accept the rights and obligations created pursuant hereto in lieu of the rights and obligations created under the Prior Agreement. 

NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereby agree as follows: 

1. Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement: 

1.1 “Advisory Investor” means any Investor (i) who, directly or indirectly, is advised by an investment advisor
registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, or similar requirements or restrictions under the laws of foreign jurisdictions (an “Investment Advisor”) and (ii) who holds at least 1,000,000 shares of
Registrable Securities. 
 1.2 “Affiliate” means, with respect to any specified Person, any other Person who, directly or
indirectly, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such Person, including, without limitation, any general partner, managing member, officer or director of such Person or any venture capital or other investment fund now or
hereafter existing that is controlled by one or more general partners or managing members of, or shares the same management company or investment advisor with such Person. Without limiting the foregoing, (i) Flagship Venture Labs, Flagship Ventures
Fund IV, L.P., Flagship Ventures Fund IV-Rx, L.P. and Flagship Ventures Management, Inc. shall be deemed Affiliates of one another for purposes hereof, (ii) Stéphane Bancel, OCHA LLC, and Boston
Biotech Ventures LLC shall be deemed Affiliates of one another for purposes hereof , (iii) TAS Partners, LLC and Leukon Investments, LP shall be deemed Affiliates of one another for purposes hereof, and (iv) Robert Langer, Michael D. Langer
Irrevocable Trust u/d/t dated 12/14/95, Susan K. Langer Irrevocable Trust u/d/t dated 12/14/95, and Samuel A. Langer Irrevocable Trust u/d/t dated 12/14/95 shall be deemed Affiliates of one another for purposes hereof. 







 1.3 “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 

1.4 “Common Stock” means shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. 

1.5 “Convertible Securities” means any evidences of indebtedness, shares or other securities directly or indirectly
convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, including Preferred Stock, but excluding Options. 
 1.6 “Damages” means
any loss, damage, claim or liability (joint or several) to which a party hereto may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal or state law, insofar as such loss, damage, claim or liability (or any action in respect
thereof) arises out of or is based upon (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any registration statement of the Company, including any preliminary prospectus or final prospectus contained therein
or any amendments or supplements thereto; (ii) an omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; or (iii) any violation or alleged
violation by the indemnifying party (or any of its agents or Affiliates) of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any state securities law, or any rule or regulation promulgated under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or any state securities
law. 
 1.7 “Derivative Securities” means any securities or rights convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for (in
each case, directly or indirectly), Common Stock, including options and warrants. 
 1.8 “Exchange Act” means the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. 
 1.9 “Excluded Registration” means
(i) a registration relating-to the sale of securities to employees of the Company or a subsidiary pursuant to a stock option, stock purchase, or similar plan; (ii) a registration relating to an SEC
Rule 145 transaction; (iii) a registration on any form that does not include substantially the same information as would be required to be included in a registration statement covering the sale of the Registrable Securities; or (iv) a
registration in which the only Common Stock being registered is Common Stock issuable upon conversion of debt securities that are also being registered. 

1.10 “Fidelity” means Fidelity Management and Research Company and any successor or affiliated registered investment advisor
to the Fidelity Investors. 
 1.11 “Fidelity Investor” means each Investor advised or subadvised by Fidelity or one of its
Affiliates. 

  
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 1.12 “Form S-1” means such form under
the Securities Act as in effect on the date hereof or any successor registration form under the Securities Act subsequently adopted by the SEC. 

1.13 “Form S-3” means such form under the Securities Act as in effect on the date
hereof or any registration form under the Securities Act subsequently adopted by the SEC that permits incorporation of substantial information by reference to other documents filed by the Company with the SEC. 

1.14 “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. 

1.15 “Holder” means any holder of Registrable Securities who is a party to this Agreement. 

1.16 “Immediate Family Member” means a child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law,
son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships, of a natural person referred to herein. 

1.17 “Initiating Holders” means, collectively, Holders who properly initiate a registration request under this Agreement. 

1.18 “Investor Director” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the Amended and Restated Voting Agreement, dated on or about
the date hereof, by and among the Company and the stockholders of the Company listed therein. 
 1.19 “IPO” means the
Company’s first underwritten public offering of its Common Stock under the Securities Act. 
 1.20 “Key Employee” means
any executive-level employee (including division director and vice president-level positions) as well as any employee who, either alone or in concert with others, develops, invents, programs, or designs any Company Intellectual Property (as defined
in the Purchase Agreement). 
 1.21 “Major Investor” means (a) any Investor that, individually or together with such
Investor’s Affiliates, holds at least 5,000,000 shares of Registrable Securities (as adjusted for any stock split, stock dividend, combination, or other recapitalization or reclassification effected after the date hereof), (b) Zeneca Inc. and
such Affiliates (“AZ”), for so long as AZ holds at least 5,000,000 shares of Registrable Securities (as adjusted for any stock split, stock dividend, combination, or other recapitalization or reclassification effected after the date
hereof), (c) the Fidelity Investors, for so long as the Fidelity Investors collectively hold at least 5,000,000 shares of Registrable Securities (as adjusted for any stock split, stock dividend, combination, or other recapitalization or
reclassification effected after the date hereof) and (d) Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for so long as Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. holds at least 5,000,000 shares of Registrable Securities (as adjusted for any stock split, stock dividend,
combination, or other recapitalization or reclassification effected after the date hereof); provided, however, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall continue to provide the materials under


  
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 Section 3.1(a) and (b) to each Fidelity Investor for so long as such
Fidelity Investor holds shares of Registrable Securities, subject to the Company’s right to redact or withhold certain information in accordance with Section 3.1. For the avoidance of doubt, for purposes of Sections
3.1 and 3.2, AZ shall not be considered to be a competitor of the Company so long as the Option Agreement, dated March 20, 2013, between AstraZeneca AB and ModernaTX, Inc. is in effect; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
(“Merck”) shall not be considered to be a competitor for the Company so long as the Amended and Restated mRNA Cancer Vaccine Collaboration and License Agreement, dated April [    ], 2018, between Merck and
ModernaTX, Inc. is in effect; and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Limited and Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (collectively, “Vertex”) shall not be considered to be competitors of the Company for so long as the Strategic
Collaboration and License Agreement, dated July 1, 2016, between Vertex and ModernaTX, Inc. is in effect. Notwithstanding the foregoing, only Registrable Securities that have been sold by the Company or any predecessor of the Company to the
Investor, or are issuable upon conversion or exchange of securities that have been sold by the Company or any predecessor of the Company to the Investor, will be counted towards the thresholds required for a “Major Investor.” 

1.22 “New Securities” means, collectively, equity securities of the Company, whether or not currently authorized, as well as
rights, options, or warrants to purchase such equity securities, or securities of any type whatsoever that are, or may become, convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for such equity securities. 

1.23 “Option” means rights, options or warrants to subscribe for, purchase or otherwise acquire Common Stock or Convertible
Securities. 
 1.24 “Participation Agreement” means that certain (i) Amended and Restated Participation Agreement by
and between the Moderna LLC, Zeneca Inc. and AstraZeneca PLC dated as of August 10, 2016, (ii) Participation Agreement by and between the Moderna LLC and Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. dated as of January 13, 2014, (iii) Amended and
Restated Agreement by and between the Company and Merck dated as of April [    ], 2018, and (iv) Agreement by and between Moderna Therapeutics, Inc. and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Limited dated as of August 10, 2016, in
each case, as any such agreements were originally executed and as the same have been or may be amended and/or restated in accordance with their respective terms. 

1.25 “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company, association or other entity.

 1.26 “Preferred Stock” means the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series B Preferred Stock, the Series C Preferred Stock,
the Series D Preferred Stock, the Series E Preferred Stock, the Series F Preferred Stock, the Series G Preferred Stock, and the Series H Preferred Stock. 

1.27 “Registrable Securities” means (i) any Common Stock issuable or issued upon conversion of the Preferred Stock,
(ii) any Common Stock, or any Common Stock issued or issuable (directly or indirectly) upon conversion and/or exercise of any other securities of the Company held by the Investors and (iii) any Common Stock issued as (or issuable upon the


  
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 conversion or exercise of any warrant, right, or other security that is issued as) a dividend or other
distribution with respect to, or in exchange for or in replacement of, the shares referenced in clauses (i) and (ii) above; excluding in all cases, however, any Registrable Securities sold by a Person in a transaction in which the applicable
rights under this Agreement are not assigned pursuant to Section 6.1, and excluding for purposes of Section 2 any shares for which registration rights have terminated pursuant to
Section 2.13 of this Agreement. 
 1.28 “Registrable Securities then outstanding” means the number
of shares determined by adding the number of shares of outstanding Common Stock that are Registrable Securities and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable (directly or indirectly) pursuant to then exercisable and/or convertible securities
that are Registrable Securities. 
 1.29 “Requisite Vote” has the meaning assigned to it in the Second Amended and Restated
Certificate of Incorporation of the Company. 
 1.30 “Restricted Securities” means the securities of the Company required to
bear the legend set forth in Section 2.12(b) hereof. 
 1.31 “SEC” means the Securities and
Exchange Commission. 
 1.32 “SEC Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act. 

1.33 “SEC Rule 145” means Rule 145 promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act. 

1.34 “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. 

1.35 “Selling Expenses” means all underwriting discounts, selling commissions, and stock transfer taxes applicable to the sale
of Registrable Securities, and fees and disbursements of counsel for any Holder, except for the fees and disbursements of the Selling Holder Counsel borne and paid by the Company as provided in Section 2.6. 

1.36 “Series A Preferred Stock” means shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share. 

1.37 “Series B Preferred Stock” means shares of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share. 

1.38 “Series C Preferred Stock” means shares of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share. 

1.39 “Series D Preferred Stock” means shares of the Company’s Series D Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share. 

1.40 “Series E Preferred Stock” means shares of the Company’s Series E Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share. 


  
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 1.41 “Series F Preferred Stock” means shares of the Company’s Series F
Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share. 
 1.42 “Series G Preferred Stock” means shares of the Company’s Series G
Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share. 
 1.43 “Series H Preferred Stock” means shares of the Company’s Series H
Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share. 
 2. Registration Rights. The Company covenants and agrees as follows: 

2.1 Demand Registration. 

(a) Form S-1 Demand. If at any time after one hundred eighty (180) days after the
effective date of the registration statement for the IPO, the Company receives a request from Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding, or from AZ, that the Company file a Form S-1
registration statement with respect to Registrable Securities then outstanding having an anticipated aggregate offering price of at least $5,000,000, then the Company shall (i) within ten (10) days after the date such request is given,
give notice thereof (the “Demand Notice”) to all Holders other than the Initiating Holders; and (ii) as soon as practicable, and in any event within sixty (60) days after the date such request is given by the Initiating
Holders, file a Form S-1 registration statement under the Securities Act covering all Registrable Securities that the Initiating Holders requested to be registered and any additional Registrable Securities
requested to be included in such registration by any other Holders, as specified by notice given by each such Holder to the Company within twenty (20) days after the date the Demand Notice is given, and in each case, subject to the limitations
of Section 2.1(c) and Section 2.3. 
 (b) Form
S-3 Demand. If at any time when it is eligible to use a Form S-3 registration statement, the Company receives a request from Holders of at least twenty percent (20%)
of the Registrable Securities then outstanding that the Company file a Form S-3 registration statement with respect to outstanding Registrable Securities of such Holders having an anticipated aggregate
offering price, net of Selling Expenses, of at least $2,500,000, then the Company shall (i) within ten (10) days after the date such request is given, give a Demand Notice to all Holders other than the Initiating Holders; and (ii) as
soon as practicable, and in any event within forty-five (45) days after the date such request is given by the Initiating Holders, file a Form S-3 registration statement under the Securities Act covering
all Registrable Securities requested to be included in such registration by any other Holders, as specified by notice given by each such Holder to the Company within twenty (20) days after the date the Demand Notice is given, and in each case,
subject to the limitations of Section 2.1(c) and Section 2.3. 
 (c) Notwithstanding the
foregoing obligations, if the Company furnishes to Holders requesting a registration pursuant to this Section 2.1 a certificate signed by the Company’s chief executive officer or other most senior executive officer
stating that in the good faith judgment of the Company’s Board it would be materially detrimental to the Company and its stockholders for such registration statement to either become effective or remain effective for as long as such
registration statement otherwise would be required to remain effective, 

  
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 because such action would (i) materially interfere with a significant acquisition, corporate reorganization,
or other similar transaction involving the Company; (ii) require premature disclosure of material information that the Company has a bona fide business purpose for preserving as confidential; or (iii) render the Company unable to comply
with requirements under the Securities Act or Exchange Act, then the Company shall have the right to defer taking action with respect to such filing, and any time periods with respect to filing or effectiveness thereof shall be tolled
correspondingly, for a period of not more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the request of the Initiating Holders is given; provided, however, that the Company may not invoke this right more than once in any twelve (12) month
period (unless invoked with respect to any demand made by AZ pursuant to Section 2.1 within the same twelve (12) month period); and provided further that the Company shall not register any securities for its own
account or that of any other stockholder during such one hundred twenty (120) day period other than an Excluded Registration. 
 (d)
The Company shall not be obligated to effect, or to take any action to effect, any registration pursuant to Section 2.1(a) (i) during the period that is sixty (60) days before the Company’s good faith
estimate of the date of filing of, and ending on a date that is one hundred eighty (180) days after the effective date of, a Company-initiated registration; provided, that the Company is actively employing in good faith commercially
reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective; (ii) after the Company has effected two registrations pursuant to Section 2.1(a) with respect to Initiating Holders other than AZ;
(iii) after the Company has effected one (1) registration pursuant to Section 2.1(a) that was initiated by AZ; or (iv) if the Initiating Holders propose to dispose of shares of Registrable Securities that may
be immediately registered on Form S-3 pursuant to a request made pursuant to Section 2.1(b). The Company shall not be obligated to effect, or to take any action to effect, any registration
pursuant to Section 2.1(b) during the period that is thirty (30) days before the Company’s good faith estimate of the date of filing of, and ending on a date that is ninety (90) days after the effective date
of, a Company-initiated registration; provided that, the Company is actively employing in good faith commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective; or if the Company has effected two registrations
pursuant to Section 2.1(b) within the twelve (12) month period immediately preceding the date of such request. A registration shall not be counted as “effected” for purposes of this
Section 2.1(d) until such time as the applicable registration statement has been declared effective by the SEC, unless the Initiating Holders withdraw their request for such registration, elect not to pay the registration
expenses therefor, and forfeit their right to one demand registration statement pursuant to Section 2.6, in which case such withdrawn registration statement shall be counted as “effected” for purposes of this
Section 2.1(d). 
 2.2 Company Registration. If the Company proposes to register (including, for this
purpose, a registration effected by the Company for stockholders other than the Holders) any of its Common Stock under the Securities Act in connection with the public offering of such securities solely for cash (other than in an Excluded
Registration), the Company shall, at such time, promptly give each Holder notice of such registration. Upon the request of each Holder given within twenty (20) days after such notice is given by the Company, the Company shall, subject to the
provisions of Section 2.3, cause to be registered all of the Registrable Securities that each such Holder has requested to be included in such registration. The Company shall have the right to terminate or withdraw any
registration initiated by it under this Section 2.2 before the effective date of such registration, whether or not any Holder has elected to include Registrable Securities in such registration. The expenses (other than
Selling Expenses) of such withdrawn registration shall be borne by the Company in accordance with Section 2.6. 

  
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 2.3 Underwriting Requirements. 

(a) If, pursuant to Section 2.1, the Initiating Holders intend to distribute the Registrable Securities covered by
their request by means of an underwriting, they shall so advise the Company as a part of their request made pursuant to Section 2.1, and the Company shall include such information in the Demand Notice. The underwriter(s)
will be selected by the Company and shall be reasonably acceptable to a majority in interest of the Initiating Holders (or in the case of any demand made by AZ pursuant to Section 2.1(a), reasonably acceptable to AZ). In
such event, the right of any Holder to include such Holder’s Registrable Securities in such registration shall be conditioned upon such Holder’s participation in such underwriting and the inclusion of such Holder’s Registrable
Securities in the underwriting to the extent provided herein. All Holders proposing to distribute their securities through such underwriting shall (together with the Company as provided in Section 2.4(e)) enter into an
underwriting agreement in customary form with the underwriter(s) selected for such underwriting. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 2.3, if the managing underwriter(s) advise(s) the Initiating Holders in
writing that marketing factors require a limitation on the number of shares to be underwritten, then the Initiating Holders shall so advise all Holders of Registrable Securities that otherwise would be underwritten pursuant hereto, and the number of
Registrable Securities that may be included in the underwriting shall be allocated among such Holders of Registrable Securities, including the Initiating Holders, in proportion (as nearly as practicable) to the number of Registrable Securities owned
by each Holder or in such other proportion as shall mutually be agreed to by all such selling Holders; provided, however, that the number of Registrable Securities held by the Holders to be included in such underwriting shall not be reduced
unless all other securities of the Company are first entirely excluded from the underwriting. To facilitate the allocation of shares in accordance with the above provisions, the Company or the underwriters may round the number of shares allocated to
any Holder to the nearest 100 shares. 
 (b) In connection with any offering involving an underwriting of shares of the Company’s
capital stock pursuant to Section 2.2, the Company shall not be required to include any of the Holders’ Registrable Securities in such underwriting unless the Holders accept the terms of the underwriting as agreed upon
between the Company and its underwriters, and then only in such quantity as the underwriters in their sole discretion determine will not jeopardize the success of the offering by the Company. If the total number of securities, including Registrable
Securities, requested by stockholders to be included in such offering exceeds the number of securities to be sold (other than by the Company) that the underwriters in their reasonable discretion determine is compatible with the success of the
offering, then the Company shall be required to include in the offering only that number of such securities, including Registrable Securities, which the underwriters and the Company in their sole discretion determine will not jeopardize the success
of the offering. If the underwriters determine that less than all of the Registrable Securities requested to be registered can be included in such offering, then the Registrable Securities that are included in such offering shall be allocated among
the selling Holders in proportion (as nearly as practicable to) the number of Registrable Securities 

  
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 owned by each selling Holder or in such other proportions as shall mutually be agreed to by all such selling
Holders. To facilitate the allocation of shares in accordance with the above provisions, the Company or the underwriters may round the number of shares allocated to any Holder to the nearest one hundred (100) shares. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, in no event shall (i) the number of Registrable Securities included in the offering be reduced unless all other securities (other than securities to be sold by the Company) are first entirely excluded from the offering or
(ii) the number of Registrable Securities included in the offering be reduced below thirty percent (30%) of the total number of securities included in such offering, unless such offering is the IPO, in which case the selling Holders may be
excluded further if the underwriters make the determination described above and no other stockholder’s securities are included in such offering. For purposes of the provisions in Section 2.3(a) and this
Section 2.3(b) concerning apportionment, for any selling Holder that is a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation, the partners, members, retired partners, retired members, stockholders, and Affiliates of
such Holder, or the estates and Immediate Family Members of any such partners, retired partners, members, and retired members and any trusts for the benefit of any of the foregoing Persons, shall be deemed to be a single “selling Holder,”
and any pro rata reduction with respect to such “selling Holder” shall be based upon the aggregate number of Registrable Securities owned by all Persons included in such “selling Holder,” as defined in this sentence. 

(c) For purposes of Section 2.1, a registration shall not be counted as “effected” if, as a result of an
exercise of the underwriter’s cutback provisions in Section 2.3(a), fewer than fifty percent (50%) of the total number of Registrable Securities that Holders have requested to be included in such registration statement
are actually included. 
 2.4 Obligations of the Company. Whenever required under this Section 2 to effect
the registration of any Registrable Securities, the Company shall, as expeditiously as reasonably possible: 
 (a) prepare and file with the
SEC a registration statement with respect to such Registrable Securities and use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective and, upon the request of the Holders of a majority of the Registrable
Securities registered thereunder (or in the case of any demand made by AZ pursuant to Section 2.1(a), upon the request of AZ), keep such registration statement effective for a period of up to one hundred twenty
(120) days or, if earlier, until the distribution contemplated in the registration statement has been completed; provided, however, that (i) such one hundred twenty (120) day period shall be extended for a period of time equal
to the period the Holder refrains, at the request of an underwriter of Common Stock (or other securities) of the Company, from selling any securities included in such registration, and (ii) in the case of any registration of Registrable
Securities on Form S-3 that are intended to be offered on a continuous or delayed basis, subject to compliance with applicable SEC rules, such one hundred twenty (120) day period shall be extended for up
to sixty (60) days, if necessary, to keep the registration statement effective until all such Registrable Securities are sold; 
 (b)
prepare and file with the SEC such amendments and supplements to such registration statement, and the prospectus used in connection with such registration statement, as may be necessary to comply with the Securities Act in order to enable the
disposition of all securities covered by such registration statement; 

  
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 (c) furnish to the selling Holders such numbers of copies of a prospectus, including a
preliminary prospectus, as required by the Securities Act, and such other documents as the Holders may reasonably request in order to facilitate their disposition of their Registrable Securities; 

(d) use its commercially reasonable efforts to register and qualify the securities covered by such registration statement under such other
securities or blue-sky laws of such jurisdictions as shall be reasonably requested by the selling Holders; provided, that the Company shall not be required to qualify to do business or to file a general
consent to service of process in any such states or jurisdictions, unless the Company is already subject to service in such jurisdiction and except as may be required by the Securities Act; 

(e) in the event of any underwritten public offering, enter into and perform its obligations under an underwriting agreement, in usual and
customary form, with the underwriter(s) of such offering; 
 (f) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all such Registrable
Securities covered by such registration statement to be listed on a national securities exchange or trading system and each securities exchange and trading system (if any) on which similar securities issued by the Company are then listed; 

(g) provide a transfer agent and registrar for all Registrable Securities registered pursuant to this Agreement and provide a CUSIP number for
all such Registrable Securities, in each case not later than the effective date of such registration; 
 (h) promptly make available for
inspection by the selling Holders, any managing underwriter(s) participating in any disposition pursuant to such registration statement, and any attorney or accountant or other agent retained by any such underwriter or selected by the selling
Holders, all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents, and properties of the Company, and cause the Company’s officers, directors, employees, and independent accountants to supply all information reasonably requested by any
such seller, underwriter, attorney, accountant, or agent, in each case, as necessary or advisable to verify the accuracy of the information in such registration statement and to conduct appropriate due diligence in connection therewith; 

(i) notify each selling Holder, promptly after the Company receives notice thereof, of the time when such registration statement has been
declared effective or a supplement to any prospectus forming a part of such registration statement has been filed; and 
 (j) after such
registration statement becomes effective, notify each selling Holder of any request by the SEC that the Company amend or supplement such registration statement or prospectus. 

2.5 Furnish Information. It shall be a condition precedent to the obligations of the Company to take any action pursuant to this
Section 2 with respect to the Registrable Securities of any selling Holder that such Holder shall furnish to the Company such information regarding itself, the Registrable Securities held by it, and the intended method of
disposition of such securities as is reasonably required to effect the registration of such Holder’s Registrable Securities. 

  
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 2.6 Expenses of Registration. All expenses (other than Selling Expenses) incurred in
connection with registrations, filings, or qualifications pursuant to Section 2, including all registration, filing, and qualification fees; printers’ and accounting fees; fees and disbursements of counsel for the
Company; and the reasonable fees and disbursements, not to exceed $25,000, of one counsel for the selling Holders (“Selling Holder Counsel”), shall be borne and paid by the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall
not be required to pay for any expenses of any registration proceeding begun pursuant to Section 2.1 if the registration request is subsequently withdrawn at the request of the Holders of a majority of the Registrable
Securities, or in the case of any demand made by AZ pursuant to Section 2.1(a), at the request of AZ, to be registered (in which case all selling Holders shall bear such expenses pro rata based upon the number of
Registrable Securities that were to be included in the withdrawn registration), unless the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities agree to forfeit their right to one registration pursuant to Section 2.1(a) or
Section 2.1(b), as the case may be; provided, further that if, at the time of such withdrawal, the Holders shall have learned of a material adverse change in the condition, business, or prospects of the Company from
that known to the Holders at the time of their request and have withdrawn the request with reasonable promptness after learning of such information then the Holders shall not be required to pay any of such expenses and shall not forfeit their right
to one registration pursuant to Section 2.1(a) or Section 2.1(b). All Selling Expenses relating to Registrable Securities registered pursuant to this Section 2 shall be
borne and paid by the Holders pro rata on the basis of the number of Registrable Securities registered on their behalf. 
 2.7 Delay of
Registration. No Holder shall have any right to obtain or seek an injunction restraining or otherwise delaying any registration pursuant to this Agreement as the result of any controversy that might arise with respect to the interpretation or
implementation of this Section 2. 
 2.8 Indemnification. If any Registrable Securities are included in a
registration statement under this Section 2: 
 (a) To the extent permitted by law, the Company will indemnify and
hold harmless each selling Holder, and the partners, members, officers, directors, and stockholders of each such Holder; legal counsel, accountants and investment advisors for each such Holder; any underwriter (as defined in the Securities Act) for
each such Holder; and each Person, if any, who controls such Holder or underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any Damages, and the Company will pay to each such Holder, underwriter, controlling Person, or
other aforementioned Person any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred thereby in connection with investigating or defending any claim or proceeding from which Damages may result, as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that
the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 2.8(a) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such claim or proceeding if such settlement is effected without the consent of the Company, which consent shall
not be unreasonably withheld, nor shall the Company be liable for any Damages to the extent that they arise out of or are based upon actions or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished by or on behalf of
any such Holder, underwriter, controlling Person, or other aforementioned Person expressly for use in connection with such registration. 

  
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 (b) To the extent permitted by law, each selling Holder, severally and not jointly, will
indemnify and hold harmless the Company, and each of its directors, each of its officers who has signed the registration statement, each Person (if any), who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, legal counsel and
accountants for the Company, any underwriter (as defined in the Securities Act), any other Holder selling securities in such registration statement, and any controlling Person of any such underwriter or other Holder, against any Damages, in each
case only to the extent that such Damages arise out of or are based upon actions or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished by or on behalf of such selling Holder expressly for use in connection with such
registration; and each such selling Holder will pay to the Company and each other aforementioned Person any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred thereby in connection with investigating or defending any claim or proceeding from which Damages
may result, as such expenses are incurred; provided, however, that the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 2.8(b) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such claim or proceeding if such
settlement is effected without the consent of the Holder, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld; and provided, further that in no event shall the aggregate amounts payable by any Holder by way of indemnity or contribution under
Sections 2.8(b) and 2.8(d) exceed the proceeds from the offering received by such Holder (net of any Selling Expenses paid by such Holder), except in the case of fraud or willful misconduct by such Holder. 

(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 2.8 of notice of the commencement of any
action (including any governmental action) for which a party may be entitled to indemnification hereunder, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this
Section 2.8, give the indemnifying party notice of the commencement thereof. The indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in such action and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, participate
jointly with any other indemnifying party to which notice has been given, and to assume the defense thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the parties; provided, however, that an indemnified party (together with all other indemnified
parties that may be represented without conflict by one counsel) shall have the right to retain one separate counsel, with the fees and expenses to be paid by the indemnifying party, if representation of such indemnified party by the counsel
retained by the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between such indemnified party and any other party represented by such counsel in such action. The failure to give notice to the indemnifying
party within a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall relieve such indemnifying party of any liability to the indemnified party under this Section 2.8, to the extent that such failure materially
prejudices the indemnifying party’s ability to defend such action. The failure to give notice to the indemnifying party will not relieve it of any liability that it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this
Section 2.8. 
 (d) To provide for just and equitable contribution to joint liability under the Securities Act in
any case in which either (i) any party otherwise entitled to indemnification hereunder makes a claim for indemnification pursuant to this Section 2.8 but it is judicially determined (by the entry of a final judgment or
decree by a court of competent 

  
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 jurisdiction and the expiration of time to appeal or the denial of the last right of appeal) that such
indemnification may not be enforced in such case, notwithstanding the fact that this Section 2.8 provides for indemnification in such case, or (ii) contribution under the Securities Act may be required on the part of
any party hereto for which indemnification is provided under this Section 2.8, then, and in each such case, such parties will contribute to the aggregate losses, claims, damages, liabilities, or expenses to which they may
be subject (after contribution from others) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of each of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party in connection with the statements, omissions, or other actions that resulted
in such loss, claim, damage, liability, or expense, as well as to reflect any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the indemnifying party and of the indemnified party shall be determined by reference to, among other things,
whether the untrue or allegedly untrue statement of a material fact, or the omission or alleged omission of a material fact, relates to information supplied by the indemnifying party or by the indemnified party and the parties’ relative intent,
knowledge, access to information, and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission; provided, however, that, in any such case, (x) no Holder will be required to contribute any amount in excess of the public offering price
of all such Registrable Securities offered and sold by such Holder pursuant to such registration statement, and (y) no Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be
entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation; and provided, further, that in no event shall a Holder’s liability pursuant to this Section 2.8(d), when combined
with the amounts paid or payable by such Holder pursuant to Section 2.8(b), exceed the proceeds from the offering received by such Holder (net of any Selling Expenses paid by such Holder), except in the case of willful
misconduct or fraud by such Holder. 
 (e) Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that the provisions on indemnification and
contribution contained in the underwriting agreement entered into in connection with the underwritten public offering are in conflict with the foregoing provisions, the provisions in the underwriting agreement shall control. 

(f) Unless otherwise superseded by an underwriting agreement entered into in connection with the underwritten public offering, the obligations
of the Company and Holders under this Section 2.8 shall survive the completion of any offering of Registrable Securities in a registration under this Section 2, and otherwise shall survive the
termination of this Agreement or the AZ Participation Agreement. 
 2.9 Reports Under Exchange Act. With a view to making available to
the Holders the benefits of SEC Rule 144 and any other rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit a Holder to sell securities of the Company to the public without registration or pursuant to a registration on Form S-3, the Company shall: 
 (a) make and keep available adequate current public information, as those terms
are understood and defined in SEC Rule 144, at all times after the effective date of the registration statement filed by the Company for the IPO; 

(b) use commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under
the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (at any time after the Company has become subject to such reporting requirements); and 

  
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 (c) furnish to any Holder, so long as the Holder owns any Registrable Securities, forthwith upon
request (i) to the extent accurate, a written statement by the Company that it has complied with the reporting requirements of SEC Rule 144 (at any time after ninety (90) days after the effective date of the registration statement filed by
the Company for the IPO), the Securities Act, and the Exchange Act (at any time after the Company has become subject to such reporting requirements), or that it qualifies as a registrant whose securities may be resold pursuant to Form S-3 (at any time after the Company so qualifies); (ii) a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of the Company and such other reports and documents so filed by the Company; and (iii) such other
information as may be reasonably requested in availing any Holder of any rule or regulation of the SEC that permits the selling of any such securities without registration (at any time after the Company has become subject to the reporting
requirements under the Exchange Act) or pursuant to Form S-3 (at any time after the Company so qualifies to use such form). 

2.10 Limitations on Subsequent Registration Rights. From and after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall not, without the prior
written consent of the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding, enter into any agreement with any holder or prospective holder of any securities of the Company that would (i) provide to such holder the right to
include securities in any registration on other than on a subordinate basis after all Holders have had the opportunity to include in the registration and offering all shares of Registrable Securities that they wish to so include or (ii) allow
such holder or prospective holder to initiate a demand for registration of any securities held by such holder or prospective holder. 
 2.11
Agreement to Lock-Up. Each Holder hereby agrees that it will not, without the prior written consent of the managing underwriter, during the period commencing on the date of the final prospectus relating
to the registration by the Company of shares of Common Stock in its IPO, and ending on the date specified by the Company and the managing underwriter (such period not to exceed one hundred eighty (180) days (except, with respect to a particular
Holder, pursuant to the terms of any Participation Agreements or pursuant to any other agreement to which the Company or a subsidiary of the Company and such Holder may be a party), or such other period as may be reasonably requested by the Company
(or any successor thereto) or an underwriter to accommodate regulatory restrictions on (1) the publication or other distribution of research reports and (2) analyst recommendations and opinions), or any successor provisions or amendments
thereto), (i) lend, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any Option, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or
any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable (directly or indirectly) for Common Stock held immediately before the effective date of the registration statement for the IPO or (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that
transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of such securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or other securities, in
cash, or otherwise. The foregoing provisions of this Section 2.11 shall not apply to (i) the sale of any shares to an underwriter pursuant to an underwriting agreement, (ii) transactions relating to securities
acquired in the IPO or acquired in open market transactions after the date of the IPO, 

  
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except, with respect to a particular Holder, as may be provided in any Participation Agreement or in any other agreement to which the Company or a subsidiary of the Company and such Holder may be
a party or (iii) other categories of transactions as otherwise agreed to by the Company in which any transferees of shares agree to identical post-IPO lock-up
restrictions, and shall be applicable to the Holders only if all officers and directors are subject to the same restrictions and the Company uses commercially reasonable efforts to obtain a similar agreement from all stockholders individually owning
more than one percent (1%) of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock (after giving effect to conversion into Common Stock of all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock). The underwriters in connection with the IPO are intended third-party
beneficiaries of this Section 2.11 and shall have the right, power, and authority to enforce the provisions hereof as though they were a party hereto. Each Holder further agrees to execute such agreements as may be
reasonably requested by the underwriters in connection with the IPO that are consistent with this Section 2.11 or that are necessary to give further effect thereto. Any discretionary waiver or termination of the
restrictions of any or all of such agreements by the Company or the underwriters shall apply pro rata to all Holders subject to such agreements, based on the number of shares subject to such agreements. 

2.12 Restrictions on Transfer. 

(a) The Preferred Stock and the Registrable Securities shall not be sold, pledged, or otherwise transferred, and the Company shall not
recognize and shall issue stop-transfer instructions to its transfer agent with respect to any such sale, pledge, or transfer, except upon the conditions specified in this Agreement, which conditions are intended to ensure compliance with the
provisions of the Securities Act. A transferring Holder will cause any proposed purchaser, pledgee, or transferee of the Preferred Stock and the Registrable Securities held by such Holder to agree to take and hold such securities subject to the
provisions and upon the conditions specified in this Agreement. 
 (b) Each certificate, instrument or book entry representing (i) the
Preferred Stock, (ii) Registrable Securities and (iii) any other securities issued in respect of the securities referenced in clause (i) and (ii), upon any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, or
similar event, shall (unless otherwise permitted by the provisions of Section 2.12(c)) be stamped or otherwise imprinted with a legend substantially in the following form: 

THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933. SUCH SHARES
MAY NOT BE SOLD, PLEDGED, OR TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF SUCH REGISTRATION OR A VALID EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION AND PROSPECTUS DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS OF SAID ACT. THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE TERMS OF AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE STOCKHOLDER, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY. 

  
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 The Holders consent to the Company making a notation in its records and giving instructions to any transfer agent
of the Restricted Securities in order to implement the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 2.12. 

(c) The holder of each certificate representing Restricted Securities, by acceptance thereof, agrees to comply in all respects with the
provisions of this Section 2. Before any proposed sale, pledge, or transfer of any Restricted Securities, unless there is in effect a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the proposed transaction, the
Holder thereof shall give notice to the Company of such Holder’s intention to effect such sale, pledge, or transfer. Each such notice shall describe the manner and circumstances of the proposed sale, pledge, or transfer in sufficient detail
and, if reasonably requested by the Company, shall be accompanied at such Holder’s expense by either (i) a written opinion of legal counsel who shall, and whose legal opinion shall, be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, addressed to
the Company, to the effect that the proposed transaction may be effected without registration under the Securities Act; (ii) a “no action” letter from the SEC to the effect that the proposed sale, pledge, or transfer of such
Restricted Securities without registration will not result in a recommendation by the staff of the SEC that action be taken with respect thereto; or (iii) any other evidence reasonably satisfactory to counsel to the Company to the effect that
the proposed sale, pledge, or transfer of the Restricted Securities may be effected without registration under the Securities Act, whereupon the Holder of such Restricted Securities shall be entitled to sell, pledge, or transfer such Restricted
Securities in accordance with the terms of the notice given by the Holder to the Company. The Company will not require such a legal opinion or “no action” letter (x) in any transaction in compliance with SEC Rule 144 or (y) in
any transaction in which such Holder distributes or transfers Restricted Securities to an Affiliate of such Holder for no consideration; provided that each transferee agrees in writing to be subject to the terms of this
Section 2.12. Each certificate, instrument or book entry evidencing the Restricted Securities transferred as above provided shall bear, except if such transfer is made pursuant to SEC Rule 144, the appropriate restrictive
legend set forth in Section 2.12(b), except that such certificate shall not bear such restrictive legend if, in the opinion of counsel for such Holder and the Company, such legend is not required in order to establish
compliance with any provisions of the Securities Act. 
 2.13 Termination of Registration Rights. The right of any Holder to request
registration or inclusion of Registrable Securities in any registration pursuant to Section 2.1 or Section 2.2 shall terminate upon the earliest to occur of: 

(a) the closing of a Deemed Liquidation Event, as such term is defined in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, and the
distribution of proceeds to or escrow for the benefit of the Company’s stockholders in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation; 

(b) as to such Holder, such earlier time after the IPO at which such Holder (i) can sell all shares held by it in compliance with SEC
Rule 144(b)(1)(i) or (ii) holds one percent (1%) or less of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock and all Registrable Securities held by such Holder (together with any affiliate of the Holder with whom such Holder


  
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 must aggregate its sales under SEC Rule 144) can be sold in any three (3)-month period without registration in
compliance with SEC Rule 144 (in each case, without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144(c)(1)); 

(c) the fifth (5th) anniversary of the consummation of the IPO; or 

(d) the closing of any merger or other transaction in which all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are exchanged for
securities registered under the Exchange Act. 
 3. Information and Observer Rights. 

3.1 Delivery of Financial Statements. The Company shall deliver to each Major Investor, provided that the Board has not reasonably
determined that such Major Investor is a competitor of the Company: 
 (a) as soon as practicable, but in any event within one hundred fifty
(150) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, (i) a balance sheet as of the end of such year, (ii) statements of income and of cash flows for such year, and a comparison between the actual amounts as of and for such
fiscal year and the comparable amounts for the prior year and (iii) a statement of stockholders’ equity as of the end of such year, all such financial statements audited and certified by independent public accountants of nationally
recognized standing selected by the Company; 
 (b) as soon as practicable, but in any event within sixty (60) days after the end of
each of the first three (3) quarters of each fiscal year of the Company, unaudited statements of income for such fiscal quarter and an unaudited balance sheet as of the end of such fiscal quarter, all prepared in accordance with GAAP (except
that such financial statements may (i) be subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and (ii) not contain all notes thereto that may be required in accordance with GAAP); 

(c) as soon as practicable, but in any event within sixty (60) days after the end of each of the first three (3) quarters of each
fiscal year of the Company, a statement showing the number of shares of each class and series of capital stock and securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of capital stock outstanding at the end of the period, the Common Stock issuable
upon conversion or exercise of any outstanding securities convertible or exercisable for Common Stock and the exchange ratio or exercise price applicable thereto, and the number of shares of issued stock options and stock options not yet issued but
reserved for issuance, if any, all in sufficient detail as to permit the Major Investors to calculate their respective percentage equity ownership in the Company; 

(d) such other information relating to the financial condition, business, prospects, or corporate affairs of the Company as any Major Investor
may from time to time reasonably request; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated under this Section 3.1 to provide information and/or may redact or withhold certain information (i) that the
Company reasonably determines in good faith to be a trade secret or confidential information (unless covered by an enforceable confidentiality agreement, in form acceptable to the 

  
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 Company), (ii) the disclosure of which would adversely affect the attorney-client privilege between the Company
and its counsel, or (iii) that the Company reasonably determines in good faith to be competitively sensitive information with respect to such Major Investor who is receiving information pursuant to this Section 3.1.

 If, for any period, the Company has any subsidiary whose accounts are consolidated with those of the Company, then in respect of such period the
financial statements delivered pursuant to the foregoing sections shall be the consolidated and consolidating financial statements of the Company and all such consolidated subsidiaries. 

Notwithstanding anything else in this Section 3.1 to the contrary, the Company may cease providing the information set forth in this
Section 3.1 during the period starting with the date thirty (30) days before the Company’s good-faith estimate of the date of filing of a registration statement if it reasonably concludes it must do so to comply
with the SEC rules applicable to such registration statement and related offering; provided that the Company’s covenants under this Section 3.1 shall be reinstated at such time as the Company is no longer
actively employing its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective. 
 3.2 Inspection.
The Company shall permit each Major Investor (provided that the Board has not reasonably determined that such Major Investor is a competitor of the Company), at such Major Investor’s expense, to visit and inspect the Company’s
properties; examine its books of account and records; and discuss the Company’s affairs, finances, and accounts with its officers, during normal business hours of the Company as may be reasonably requested by the Major Investor; provided,
however, that the Company shall not be obligated pursuant to this Section 3.2 to provide access to any information and/or may redact or withhold certain information (i) that it reasonably and in good faith
considers to be a trade secret or confidential information (unless covered by an enforceable confidentiality agreement, in form acceptable to the Company), (ii) the disclosure of which would adversely affect the attorney-client privilege between the
Company and its counsel, or (iii) that the Company reasonably determines in good faith to be competitively sensitive information with respect to such Major Investor who is receiving information pursuant to this
Section 3.2. 
 3.3 Termination of Information Rights. The covenants set forth in Sections 3.1
and 3.2 shall terminate and be of no further force or effect (i) immediately before the consummation of the IPO, (ii) when the Company first becomes subject to the periodic reporting requirements of Section 12(g) or 15(d) of
the Exchange Act, (iii) upon a Deemed Liquidation Event, as such term is defined in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, and the distribution of proceeds to or escrow for the benefit of the Company’s stockholders, in accordance
with the Certificate of Incorporation, or (iv) upon the closing of any merger or other transaction in which all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are exchanged for securities registered under the Exchange Act, whichever event
described in clauses (i) to (iv) occurs first. 
 3.4 Confidentiality. Each Investor agrees that such Investor will keep
confidential and will not disclose, divulge, or use for any purpose (other than to monitor its investment in the Company) any confidential information obtained from the Company pursuant to the terms of this Agreement (including notice of the
Company’s intention to file a registration 

  
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 statement), unless such confidential information (a) is known or becomes known to the general public (other
than as a result of a breach of this Section 3.4 by such Investor), (b) is or has been independently developed or conceived by the Investor without use of the Company’s confidential information, or (c) is or has
been made known or disclosed to the Investor by a third party without a breach of any obligation of confidentiality such third party may have to the Company; provided, however, that an Investor may disclose confidential information
(i) to its attorneys, accountants, consultants, and other professionals to the extent necessary to obtain their services in connection with monitoring its investment in the Company; (ii) to any prospective purchaser of any Registrable
Securities from such Investor, if such prospective purchaser agrees to be bound by the provisions of this Section 3.4; (iii) to any Affiliate, partner (and partners of such partner), member, stockholder, or wholly owned
subsidiary of such Investor in the ordinary course of business, provided that such Investor informs such Person that such information is confidential and directs such Person to maintain the confidentiality of such information; or (iv) as
may otherwise be required by law, provided that such Investor promptly notifies the Company of such disclosure and takes reasonable steps to minimize the extent of any such required disclosure. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of
any Advisory Investor, such Advisory Investor may identify the Company and the value of such Advisory Investor’s security holdings in the Company in accordance with applicable investment reporting and disclosure regulations and respond to
routine examinations, demands, requests or reporting requirements of a regulator; provided that in the case of demands or requests of a regulator the Advisory Investor gives the Company (to the extent permitted by applicable law) prompt written
notice following the Advisory Investor’s disclosure of such confidential information. 
 4. Rights to Future Stock Issuances.

 4.1 Right of First Offer. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 4.1 and applicable
securities laws, if the Company proposes to offer or sell any New Securities, the Company shall first offer such New Securities to each Major Investor. A Major Investor shall be entitled to apportion the right of first offer hereby granted to it
among itself and its Affiliates in such proportions as it deems appropriate. 
 (a) The Company shall give notice (the “Offer
Notice”) to each Major Investor, stating (i) its bona fide intention to offer such New Securities, (ii) the number of such New Securities to be offered, and (iii) the price and terms, if any, upon which it proposes to offer
such New Securities. 
 (b) By notification to the Company within thirty (30) days after the Offer Notice is given, each Major Investor
may elect to purchase or otherwise acquire, at the price and on the terms specified in the Offer Notice, up to that portion of such New Securities which equals the proportion that the Common Stock issued and held, or issuable (directly or
indirectly) upon conversion and/or exercise, as applicable, of the Preferred Stock and any Derivative Securities then held, by such Major Investor bears to the total Common Stock of the Company then outstanding (assuming full conversion and/or
exercise, as applicable, of all Preferred Stock and any Derivative Securities); provided, that shares of Series H Preferred Stock shall not be included in the above calculation until the twenty-one
(21) month anniversary of the Closing (as defined in the Purchase Agreement). At the expiration of such thirty (30) day period, the Company shall promptly notify each Major Investor that elects to purchase or acquire all the


  
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 shares available to it (each, a “Fully Exercising Investor”) of any other Major Investor’s
failure to do likewise. During the ten (10) day period commencing after the Company has given such notice, each Fully Exercising Investor may, by giving notice to the Company, elect to purchase or acquire, in addition to the number of shares
specified above, up to that portion of the New Securities for which Major Investors were entitled to subscribe but that were not subscribed for by the Major Investors which is equal to the proportion that the Common Stock issued and held, or
issuable (directly or indirectly) upon conversion and/or exercise, as applicable, of the Preferred Stock and any Derivative Securities then held, by such Fully Exercising Investor bears to the Common Stock issued and held, or issuable (directly or
indirectly) upon conversion and/or exercise, as applicable, of the Preferred Stock and any Derivative Securities then held, by all Fully Exercising Investors who wish to purchase such unsubscribed shares. The closing of any sale pursuant to this
Section 4.1(b) shall occur within the later of one hundred and twenty (120) days after the date that the Offer Notice is given and the date of initial sale of New Securities pursuant to
Section 4.1(c). 
 (c) If all New Securities referred to in the Offer Notice are not elected to be purchased or
acquired as provided in Section 4.1(b), the Company may, during the ninety (90) day period following the expiration of the periods provided in Section 4.1(b), offer and sell the remaining
unsubscribed portion of such New Securities to any Person or Persons at a price not less than, and upon terms no more favorable to the offeree than, those specified in the Offer Notice. If the Company does not enter into an agreement for the sale of
the New Securities within such period, or if such agreement is not consummated within thirty (30) days after the execution thereof, the right provided hereunder shall be deemed to be revived and such New Securities shall not be offered unless
first reoffered to the Major Investors in accordance with this Section 4.1. 
 (d) The right of first offer in
this Section 4.1 shall not be applicable to (i) Exempted Securities (as defined in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation), (ii) shares of Common Stock issued in the IPO, (iii) equity securities issued
pursuant to any Participation Agreement, and (iv) any shares of Series H Preferred Stock issued under the Purchase Agreement. 
 4.2
Termination. The covenants set forth in Section 4.1 shall terminate and be of no further force or effect (i) immediately before the consummation of the IPO, (ii) upon a Deemed Liquidation Event, as such
term is defined in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, and the distribution of proceeds to or escrow for the benefit of the Company’s stockholders in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation, or (iii) upon the closing
of any merger or other transaction in which all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are exchanged for securities registered under the Exchange Act, whichever event described in clauses (i) to (iii) occurs first. 

5. Additional Covenants. 

5.1 Insurance. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause their Directors and Officers liability insurance policy to
be maintained until such time as the Board determines that such insurance should be discontinued. The policy shall not be cancelable by the Company without prior approval by the Board, including one of the Investor Directors. 

  
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 5.2 Employee Agreements. The Company will cause (i) each person now or hereafter
employed by it or by any subsidiary (or engaged by the Company or any subsidiary as a consultant or independent contractor) with access to confidential information and/or trade secrets to enter into a nondisclosure and proprietary rights assignment
agreement and (ii) each Key Employee to enter into a one (1) year noncompetition and nonsolicitation agreement, substantially in the form approved by the Board. In addition, the Company shall not amend, modify, terminate, waive, or
otherwise alter, in whole or in part, any of the above-referenced agreements or any restricted stock agreement between the Company and any employee, without the approval of the Board, including one of the Investor Directors. 

5.3 Employee Stock. Unless otherwise approved by the Board, including one of the Investor Directors, all future employees and
consultants of the Company who purchase, receive options to purchase, or receive awards of shares of the Company’s capital stock after the date hereof shall be required to execute restricted stock or option agreements, as applicable, providing
for (i) vesting of shares over a four (4) year period, with the first twenty-five percent (25%) of such shares vesting following twelve (12) months of continued employment or service, and the remaining shares vesting in equal
quarterly installments over the following twelve (12) quarters, and (ii) a market stand-off provision substantially similar to that in Section 2.11. In addition, unless
otherwise approved by the Board, including one of the Investor Directors, the Company shall retain a “right of first refusal” on employee transfers until the Company’s IPO and shall have the right to repurchase unvested shares at cost
upon termination of employment of a holder of restricted stock. 
 5.4 Matters Requiring Investor Director Approval. So long as any
holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to elect one or both of the Investor Directors, the Company hereby covenants and agrees with each of the Investors that it shall not, without approval of the Board, which approval must include the affirmative
vote of at least one of the Investor Directors: 
 (a) make, or permit any subsidiary to make, any loan or advance to, or own any stock or
other securities of, any subsidiary or other corporation, partnership, or other entity unless it is wholly owned by the Company; 
 (b)
make, or permit any subsidiary to make, any loan or advance to any Person, including, without limitation, any employee or director of the Company or any subsidiary, except advances and similar expenditures in the ordinary course of business or under
the terms of an employee stock or option plan approved by the Board; 
 (c) guarantee, directly or indirectly, or permit any subsidiary to
guarantee, directly or indirectly, any indebtedness except for trade accounts of the Company or any subsidiary arising in the ordinary course of business; 

(d) make any investment inconsistent with any investment policy approved by the Board; 

  
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 (e) incur any aggregate indebtedness in excess of $5,000,000 that is not already included in a
budget approved by the Board, other than trade credit incurred in the ordinary course of business; 
 (f) otherwise enter into or be a party
to any transaction with any director, officer, or employee of the Company or any “associate” (as defined in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the Exchange Act) of any such Person, except for transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and the Purchase Agreement; 
 (g) hire, terminate, or change the compensation of any director or executive
officer of the Company, including approving or amending the terms of any option grants, stock awards or equity-based compensation to directors or executive officers; 

(h) grant or amend the terms of any stock options, stock awards or other equity-based compensation to any employee or consultant of the
Company; 
 (i) change the principal business of the Company, enter new lines of business, or exit the current line of business; 

(j) sell, assign, license, pledge, or encumber material technology or intellectual property, other than licenses granted in the ordinary
course of business; or 
 (k) enter into any agreement for the in-license of any material technology
or intellectual property. 
 5.5 Board Matters; Committees. Unless otherwise determined by the vote of a majority of the directors
then in office, the Board shall meet at least six (6) times per year in accordance with an agreed-upon schedule. The Company shall reimburse the nonemployee directors for all reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses incurred (consistent with the Company’s travel policy, if any) in connection with attending meetings of the Board. The Board may elect a chairman of the Board of Directors,
which individual shall initially be Noubar Afeyan. The Company shall cause to be established, as soon as practicable after such request, and will maintain, an audit and compensation committee, each of which shall consist solely of non-management directors and shall include at least two (2) Investor Directors; provided, that an Investor Director shall not be required to serve on any such committee to the extent such director is not
willing or able to so serve. Further, the Board may establish such other committees of the Board, in its sole discretion, as it shall deem necessary or convenient from time to time. Except as provided in the first sentence of this
Section 5.5, each committee of the Board may be composed of any of its Directors; provided that each such committee shall include one (1) Investor Director; provided further that an Investor Director shall not
be required to serve on any such committee to the extent such Director is not willing or able to so serve. The Board may delegate to any committee of the Board some or all of its powers, to the extent permitted by this Agreement. The approval of a
committee of the Board with respect to any matter delegated by the Board to such committee shall constitute the approval of the Board for purposes of this Agreement. 

  
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 5.6 Successor Indemnification. If the Company or any of its successors or assignees
consolidates with or merges into any other Person and is not the continuing or surviving corporation or entity of such consolidation or merger, then to the extent necessary, proper provision shall be made so that the successors and assignees of the
Company assume the obligations of the Company with respect to indemnification of members of the Board as in effect immediately before such transaction, whether such obligations are contained in the Company’s Bylaws, its Certificate of
Incorporation, or elsewhere, as the case may be. 
 5.7 Assignment of Right of First Refusal. In the event the Company elects not to
exercise any right of first refusal or right of first offer the Company may have on a proposed transfer of any of the Company’s outstanding capital stock, by contract or otherwise, the Company shall, to the extent it may do so, assign such
right of first refusal or right of first offer to each Major Investor. In the event of such assignment, each Major Investor shall have the right, but not the obligation, to purchase up to its pro rata portion of the capital stock proposed to be
transferred. For purposes of this Section 5.7, each Major Investor’s pro rata portion shall be determined based on the proportion that the Common Stock issued and held, or issuable (directly or indirectly) upon
conversion and/or exercise, as applicable, of the Preferred Stock and any other Derivative Securities then held, by such Major Investor bears to the total Common Stock of the Company issued and held, or issuable (directly or indirectly) upon
conversion and/or exercise, as applicable, of the Preferred Stock and any other Derivative Securities then held, by all Major Investors. 

5.8 USRPHC. The Company shall promptly notify the Investors if it becomes aware, after due inquiry, that the Company is or is reasonably
likely to become a United States real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897(c) of the Code. 
 5.9
Termination of Covenants. The covenants set forth in this Section 5, except for Section 5.6, shall terminate and be of no further force or effect (i) immediately before the consummation
of the IPO, (ii) upon a Deemed Liquidation Event, as such term is defined in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, and the distribution of proceeds to or escrow for the benefit of the Company’s stockholders in accordance with
the Certificate of Incorporation, or (iii) the closing of any merger or other transaction in which all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are exchanged for securities registered under the Exchange Act whichever event described in
clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) occurs first. 
 6. Miscellaneous. 

6.1 Successors and Assigns. The rights under this Agreement may be assigned (but only with all related obligations) by a Holder to a
transferee of Registrable Securities that (i) is an Affiliate of a Holder; (ii) is a Holder’s Immediate Family Member or trust for the benefit of an individual Holder or one or more of such Holder’s Immediate Family Members; or
(iii) after such transfer, holds at least 1,500,000 shares of Registrable Securities (subject to appropriate adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, and other recapitalizations); provided, however, that
(x) the Company is, within a reasonable time after such transfer, furnished with written notice of the name and address of such transferee and the Registrable Securities with respect to which such rights are being transferred; and (y) such
transferee agrees in a written instrument delivered to the Company to be bound by and subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including the provisions of Section 2.11. For the purposes of determining
the number of shares of Registrable Securities held by a transferee, the 

  
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 holdings of a transferee (1) that is an Affiliate or stockholder of a Holder; (2) who is a
Holder’s Immediate Family Member; or (3) that is a trust for the benefit of an individual Holder or such Holder’s Immediate Family Member shall be aggregated together and with those of the transferring Holder; provided further
that all transferees who would not qualify individually for assignment of rights shall have a single attorney-in-fact for the purpose of exercising any rights, receiving
notices, or taking any action under this Agreement. The terms and conditions of this Agreement inure to the benefit of and are binding upon the respective successors and permitted assignees of the parties. Nothing in this Agreement, express or
implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assignees any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided
herein. 
 6.2 Governing Law. This Agreement and any controversy arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware as to matters within the scope thereof, and as to all other matters shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts, without regard to conflict of law principles that would result in the application of any law other than the law of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

6.3 Counterparts; Facsimile. This Agreement may be executed and delivered by facsimile transmission or electronic mail (including in
..pdf format) and in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including pdf or any
electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective
for all purposes. 
 6.4 Titles and Subtitles. The titles and subtitles used in this Agreement are for convenience only and are not to
be considered in construing or interpreting this Agreement. 
 6.5 Notices. All notices and other communications given or made
pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon the earlier of actual receipt or: (i) personal delivery to the party to be notified; (ii) when sent, if sent by electronic mail or facsimile during
the recipient’s normal business hours, and if not sent during normal business hours, then on the recipient’s next business day; (iii) five (5) days after having been sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested,
postage prepaid; or (iv) one (1) business day after the business day of deposit with a nationally recognized overnight courier, freight prepaid, specifying next-day delivery, with written verification of
receipt. All communications shall be sent only to the respective parties at their addresses as set forth on Schedule A hereto, or to the principal office of the Company and to the attention of the President, Chief Executive Officer, or
General Counsel in the case of the Company, or to such email address, facsimile number, or address as subsequently modified by written notice given in accordance with this Section 6.5. If notice is given to the Company, a
copy shall also be sent to Goodwin Procter LLP, 100 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA 02110, Attn: Kingsley Taft and John Mutkoski, Fax: (617) 523-1231. 

  
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 6.6 Amendments and Waivers. Any term of this Agreement may be amended and the observance
of any term of this Agreement may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance, and either retroactively or prospectively) only with the written consent of the Company and the Requisite Vote; provided that the Company may in its
sole discretion waive compliance with Section 2.12(c) (and the Company’s failure to object promptly in writing after notification of a proposed assignment allegedly in violation of
Section 2.12(c) shall be deemed to be a waiver); and provided further that any provision hereof may be waived by any waiving party on such party’s own behalf, without the consent of any other party.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may not be amended or terminated and the observance of any term hereof may not be waived with respect to any Investor without the written consent of such Investor, unless such amendment, termination, or
waiver applies to all Investors in the same fashion (it being agreed that a waiver of the provisions of Section 4 with respect to a particular transaction shall be deemed to apply to all Investors in the same fashion if
such waiver does so by its terms, notwithstanding the fact that certain Investors may nonetheless, by agreement with the Company, purchase securities in such transaction). The Company shall give prompt notice of any amendment or termination hereof
or waiver hereunder to any party hereto that did not consent in writing to such amendment, termination, or waiver. Any amendment, termination, or waiver effected in accordance with this Section 6.6 shall be binding on all
parties hereto, regardless of whether any such party has consented thereto. No waivers of or exceptions to any term, condition, or provision of this Agreement, in any one or more instances, shall be deemed to be or construed as a further or
continuing waiver of any such term, condition, or provision. Notwithstanding the foregoing: 
 (a) Section 2.11 of
this Agreement shall not be amended or waived to apply to any transactions involving any Affiliates of any Fidelity Investor who do not own any Common Stock without the written consent of such Fidelity Investor so long as such Fidelity Investor
continues to hold any Registrable Securities; 
 (b) Clause (c) (and the proviso immediately following clause (c)) of the definition
of “Major Investor” in Section 1.20 shall not be amended or waived with respect to Fidelity without the written consent of Fidelity so long as Fidelity continues to hold any Registrable Securities; 

(c) Clause (b) of the definition of “Major Investor” in Section 1.20 and the second sentence
of the definition of “Major Investor” in Section 1.20 shall not be amended or waived with respect to AZ without the written consent of AZ so long as AZ continues to hold at least 5,000,000 shares (subject to
appropriate adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, and other recapitalizations) of Registrable Securities; 
 (d)
Schedule A hereto may be amended by the Company from time to time to include additional Investors who become party hereto without the consent of the other parties hereto. 

(e) Following an IPO, for purposes of this Section 6.6 only, the Requisite Vote shall mean the holders of at least 50% of the Registrable
Securities. 

  
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 6.7 Severability. In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement is
for any reason held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of this Agreement, and such invalid, illegal, or unenforceable provision shall be
reformed and construed so that it will be valid, legal, and enforceable to the maximum extent permitted by law. 
 6.8 Aggregation of
Stock. All shares of Registrable Securities held or acquired by Affiliates shall be aggregated together for the purpose of determining the availability of any rights under this Agreement and such Affiliated persons may apportion such rights as
among themselves in any manner they deem appropriate. 
 6.9 Additional Investors. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
herein, if the Company issues additional shares of Series H Preferred Stock after the date hereof, any purchaser of such shares of Series H Preferred Stock may become a party to this Agreement by executing and delivering an additional counterpart
signature page to this Agreement, and thereafter shall be deemed an “Investor” for all purposes hereunder. No action or consent by the Investors shall be required for such joinder to this Agreement by such additional Investor, so
long as such additional Investor has agreed in writing to be bound by all of the obligations as an “Investor” hereunder. 

6.10 Prior Agreement Superseded. Pursuant to Section 6.6 of the Prior Agreement, the undersigned parties who are parties to such
Prior Agreement hereby amend and restate the Prior Agreement to read in its entirety as set forth in this Agreement, all with the intent and effect that the Prior Agreement shall hereby be terminated and entirely replaced and superseded by this
Agreement. 
 6.11 Entire Agreement. This Agreement (including any Schedules and Exhibits hereto) constitutes the full and entire
understanding and agreement among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and any other written or oral agreement relating to the subject matter hereof existing between the parties is expressly canceled. 

6.12 Dispute Resolution. The parties (a) hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submit to the jurisdiction of the federal and state
courts located within the geographical boundaries of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts for the purpose of any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement, (b) agree not to
commence any suit, action or other proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement except in the federal and state courts located within the geographical boundaries of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, and
(c) hereby waive, and agree not to assert, by way of motion, as a defense, or otherwise, in any such suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts, that its property is
exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the suit, action or proceeding is improper or that this Agreement or the subject matter hereof may not be
enforced in or by such court. Each party will bear its own costs in respect of any disputes arising under this Agreement. Each of the parties to this Agreement consents to personal jurisdiction for any equitable action sought in the U.S. District
Court for the District of Massachusetts or any court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts having subject matter jurisdiction. 

  
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 6.13 Delays or Omissions. No delay or omission to exercise any right, power, or remedy
accruing to any party under this Agreement, upon any breach or default of any other party under this Agreement, shall impair any such right, power, or remedy of such nonbreaching or nondefaulting party, nor shall it be construed to be a waiver of or
acquiescence to any such breach or default, or to any similar breach or default thereafter occurring, nor shall any waiver of any single breach or default be deemed a waiver of any other breach or default theretofore or thereafter occurring. All
remedies, whether under this Agreement or by law or otherwise afforded to any party, shall be cumulative and not alternative. 
 6.14
Acknowledgment. 
 (a) The Company acknowledges that some of the Investors are in the business of venture capital investing and
therefore review the business plans and related proprietary information of many enterprises, including enterprises which may have products or services which compete directly or indirectly with those of the Company. Nothing in this Agreement shall
preclude or in any way restrict such Investors from investing or participating in any particular enterprise whether or not such enterprise has products or services which compete with those of the Company. 

(b) The Company acknowledges that each Advisory Investor’s Investment Advisor and its investment advisory clients currently may be
invested in, may invest in or may consider investments in public and private companies, including, without limitation, companies that may compete either directly or indirectly with the Company, and that the execution of this Agreement, the terms
hereof and the access to the Company’s confidential information hereunder shall in no way be construed to prohibit or restrict such Investment Advisor or its investment advisory clients from maintaining, making or considering such investments
or from otherwise operating in the ordinary course of business. For purposes of clarity, the term “investment advisory clients” includes, without limitation, the Advisory Investors. 

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank] 

  
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 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Amended and Restated Investors’
Rights Agreement as of the date first written above. 
  

							
	COMPANY:	 		 	MODERNA THERAPEUTICS, INC.
				
		 		 	By:	 	 /s/ Stéphane Bancel

		 		 	Name: Stéphane Bancel
		 		 	Title: CEO
			
		 		 	Address:
		 		 	200 Technology Square
		 		 	Cambridge, MA 02139

 [SIGNATURE PAGE TO AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT] 








							
			
	INVESTORS:	 		 	MERCK SHARP & DOHME CORP.
				
		 		 	By:	 	 /s/ Benjamin Thorner

		 		 	Name: Benjamin Thorner
		 		 	Title: SVP & Head of BD&L

 [SIGNATURE PAGE TO SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTORS’ RIGHTS AGREEMENT]