Soil formed

in sand capping

fanglomerate

Soil formed

in sand atop 

fanglomerate

Interbedded massive

sand (eolian?) and thin 

fan gravel; likely 2–3 

weak soils

Thins to single line of

clasts to east

Mostly sand with

thick wedges of 

rotted angular 

clasts and rip-up

clasts of green mud

Ql7b?

Ql7b?

Qia7

Ql7

Ql7

Qia7

Qia7

Qia7

Qia7

QTcg

Coarsens upward; gravel,

tufa, and shells at base

Tufa cemented cap

Station M05–25

(Abney level;

Jacob's staff)

Station M05–71

(Abney level;

Jacob's staff)

Station M06–135

(Brunton and eye)

M05–71A3 oc

M05–71A5 oc

M05–71B1 oc

M05–71A2 oc

M05–22D oc

M05–22F oc

Station M05–22

(Abney level; Jacob's staff)

Well rounded clasts

Calcareous

Monotonous, 

greenish-tan; 

sand; local steep

planar beds

Monotonous, 

greenish-tan

sand; local steep 

planar beds

Locally planar 

bedded or with

clayey lenses

M05–22H

27,000±120

M05–26G oc

29,660±190

Sand capped by 

massive brown mud

Brown, muddy, 

with clay films 

Sand; mod. 

sorted, oxidized

at top

At least 

two weak 

buried soils

W-dipping 

Fines upward

Soil formed in sand grading

down into fanglomerate

Ql7b

Ql7b

Qia7

Ql7a

Ql7a

Station M06–44

(Abney level; Jacob's staff)

Qiea

Qiea

Ql8

Ql8

Ql8

Ql8

Ql8

Ql8

Ql7

Ql7a

Ql7a

Ql7b

Ql7b

Ql7b

Ql7a?

Qia7

QTcg

QTcg

QTcg

QTgu

QTcg

QTcg

QTcg

Well exposed

Gilbert-style

delta beds

Station M05–26

(Brunton and eye)

Station M05–23

(Brunton and eye)

Station M06–156

(Brunton and eye; tape measure)

Station M06–48

(Brunton and eye)

Station M06–170

(tape measure)

M05–26E oc

M05–26B

58±62 ka U-Th

M05–26A

46±24 ka U-Th

NE dip

Bedrock

Greenish-tan

Dappled red

red and gray

Calcareous

0–10° N-dipping

0–10° N-dipping interbedded 

sand and angular pebble gravel

Secondary gypsum M05–25D oc

M05–25E oc

M05–25F oc

M05–25G oc

M05–25H oc

168±34 ka U-Th

M05–25J

45,490±1,200

M05–23C

40,120±500

M05–26F

40,000±600

Connects to 

station M05–65

(stratigraphic section 2C)

Qia7

Floating pebbles;

weakly bedded to

massive; eolian?

Brown mud

Upstream, NEdipping

foreset gravel

beds

Ql7b

Ql8

Ql7a

QTcg

Sand locally dips 

15° onto fan 

gravel; foresets?

Station M06–141

(Brunton and eye)

Station M06–142

(Brunton and eye)

E-dipping; 

thickens and 

fines to west

Ql7b

Qia7

Ql7a

Ql7b

Qia7

Ql8

Ql7a

QTcg

Station M10-59

(Brunton and eye)

Station M09–76

(tape measure)

Station M08–165

(Brunton and eye)

Station M08–163

(Brunton and eye)

Station M09–66

(tape measure)

Station M09–29

(Abney level; Jacob’s staff)

Station M09–28

(Abney level; Jacob’s staff)

Station M09–58

(Abney level; Jacob’s staff)

Station M04–75

(Abney level and tape)

Station M08–110

(Abney level; Jacob’s staff)

Station M08–130

(Abney level; Jacob’s staff)

Station M08–60

(Brunton and eye; tape)

Stations M08–112 and M09–5

(Abney level; Jacob’s staff)

Ql7

Ql7

Ql7

Ql7

Ql8

Ql8

Ql7-6?

Ql8

Ql8

Ql5

Qalg

Ql4

Qia4

Ql5

Ql4

Ql5

Ql7

Qalg

Qia4

Qia7

Qia7

Ql8

Ql8

Ql6 Ql6

Ql7

Ql7

Ql7

Ql6

Ql5?

Qia7

Ql6

Ql5?

Ql7

Qia

Qvg

Qmr

Qvg

Qvg

Qvg

Qia5

Ql6

Ql7

Qia7

Qia6

Ql5

Ql4

Ql4

Ql6

Qyfmr

Qyfmr

Ql7

Qia4

Ql5

Ql6

Ql7

Qvg (colluvium)

Fan gravel derived

from Buwalda 

Ridge; contains at 

least 2 buried soils

2 fining-up sequences;

prominent

east-dipping beds

Fines upward

Crossbedded

Crossbedded;

tufa coats throughout

Oxidized, mod.

sorted; fluvial

Oxidized, poorly sorted

Locally cemented 

Oxidized; at least 

one buried soil

Ql5

Ql4

Fines upward;

gravel lag at base

Contains bones

Several hiatuses

marked by tufa coats

Offset in section

Qmr

Lag gravel

Fines upward

Inversely graded with

green mud clasts

Coarsens upward

Variably bedded and

sorted—colluvially 

reworked beach deposits?

2 fining-upward 

 sequences

West-dipping backset beds

Fines upward

5-cm bed of green mud

M08–164 (2.0 Ma,

Huckleberry Ridge tephra;

sampled nearby)

Carbonate cement at base

Blocky brecciated green mud capped

with carbonate; pebble line at base

Heavy-mineral laminae

2 fining-upward sequences

Fines upward

Coarsens upward

Fines upward

Poorly sorted, massive

 and brown at top

East-dipping

West-dipping, fining up

Interbedded fine-coarse

sand w/ green mud drapes

Crossbedded, contorted;

injected into mud clasts at base

Fills channels into unit below

East-dipping

J06–17

31,910±330

M08–60c4

32,710±190

M08–60c3

34,970±450

M08–60c2

24,400±130

M08–60c1

31,510±230

M04–75

22,470±70

M09–5

35,980±450

J06–16

34,410±490

J06–15

33,410±580

Connects to

station M08–172

(stratigraphic section 2B)

M04–75 oc

M04–75C oc

Station M08–45

(estimated)

Station M07–144

(Brunton and eye)

Stations M07–117 and M09–127

(top, tape measure; bottom, estimated)

Station M08–172

(Brunton and eye)

Stations M07–128 and M08–55

(Brunton and eye)

Ql7

Ql8

Ql8

Greenish

Poorly sorted pebbly

tan sand; eolian?

Qvg

M07–128

(2.2 Ma, tuff of

Blind Springs)

M10–90

(2.1 Ma, Huckleberry

Ridge ash bed?) 20–40 cm thick

planar to slightly 

dipping beds

Playa deposits, indurated;

tectonically tilted 8° N

Qof

Qof

Qof

Qof (pinches out 20 m to N)

Qmr

Qvg

Ql7

Qalg

(upper Qmr?)

Qyfmr

Qyfmr

Qalg

(upper Qmr)

Ta

Ta

35° N-dipping beds

Up to 30° dip. Capped

by 30 cm muddy sand

2 fining-up packages 

Ripple-bedded

Lag gravel

Buttress unconformity;

slopes ~45° up to W

Crossbedded; dominantly

mafic lithologies

Crossbedded, arkosic; some clasts are

lumps of green mud. Steep dips, 

to 20°, in sets ~25 cm thick

Many cobbles composed of green 

mud. To N becomes chaotic mass 

of sand, pebbles, and green mudballs

Lag boulders

Interbedded sand and silt;

climbing ripples and planar

X-beds indicate SW flow

Mudcracked; capped by thin

gypsum bed

Thinly bedded sand and silt;

soft-sed. deformation at top

Upper part of outcrop

is inaccessible

Arkosic; contains several

paleosols. Basal contact 

gradual but clear. Upper 

part grades upward

through interbedding to 

volcaniclastic gravel

Position of former Buwalda Ridge threshold

Base is carbonate-rich

Qalg

Ql7

Ql7

Qia7

Qyao

Station M07–66

(Brunton and eye)

Station M07–57

(Abney and Jacob’s staff)

Station M06–81

(Abney and Jacob’s staff)

Crossbedded arkosic sand

with volcanic grains;

clay drape near top

Small-scale cross-bedding

Qia

Qia

Qalg

Ql7b

Qia7

Ql8

Ql8

Ql8

Ql8

Ql8

Ql7a?

Ql7

Debris flow beds,

indurated; prominent

reddish paleosols

Stations M05–58, 59, 60

(estimated)

Apparently conformable

Horizontally 

bedded

Gently N-dipping

(thickness estimated

from photo)

Green mud with 

rhythmically

interbedded sands

(every ~50 cm)

south to north

(beds slope up away from river)

Station M06–190

(Brunton and eye)

Generally coarsens

upward; contains 

two ~20-cm beds 

of fan gravel

Ql6

Ql6

Qia6

Qia6

Ql7b

Ql7a

Qia

Station M06–77

(Abney level and tape)

Crossbedded; volcanic clasts

Ripple X-bedded 

to flat-bedded

Crossbedded; channeled

into sand below as much

as 1–2 m; contains clasts 

of green mud

Locally buried by

slumped green mud 

from cliffs above

Station M06–74

(Abney level and tape)

Pale; carb. 

nodules at top

Reddish, weakly bedded

NW-dipping;

calcic paleosols

Station M06–70

(Abney level and tape)

Crossbedded; volcanic

clasts and rip-ups of

brown mud

Fines upward; carb. nodules

White; soft-sed. deformation

2 fining-upward beds

Station M06–100

(estimated from photo 34; thickness variable)

Abundant volcanic clasts; contains

rip-up clasts of green Manix mud

Flood couplets?

Ql6

Ql6

Ql6 Qyfmr

Ql7

Ql7

Qia6

Qia6

QTcg

Qp

Qp

Tgg

Qia

Qyfmr

Qyfmr

Qof

Qof

Qof

Qof

Qof

Qof

Chaotic mix of clasts up

to 3-m diameter derived 

from older lake sediment 

and from brown, blocky mud

covered; thickness approx.

Abrupt, disconformable (?) contact

Coarsens upward; thickens

to west; interpreted as

spit or barrier feature of Ql7

Stations DI–1 through DI–4

(composite of 4 parts)

M08–172

23,120±100 M06–89

23,130±70

M10–3A

36,410±300

M07–29: 36,040±400

M09–6B

27,810±170

M09–6A

39,280±770

M04–74

 28,170±120

M08–172C

24,400±120

M08–172A

27,920±190

Station M09–6

 (tape measure)

Station M07–62

(tape measure)

Estimated thickness at 

least 20 m atop Tcg

Connects to

station M06–4

(stratigraphic section 2C)

Connects to

station M10–59

(stratigraphic section 2A)

ostracode samples throughout section every ~10 cm

M07–62–15 oc

M07–62–205, 190 oc

M07–62–95

to 55 oc

Stations M04–29B

and JR04–D–1

(tape)

Station M05–19

(tape)

Station M05–61

(tape measure)

Stations JR05D–161 and –98

(tape measure)

Station JR06D–206

(Brunton and tape)

Station M06–17

(tape measure)

Station M06–06

(Abney and Jacob’s staff)

Station M05–65

(tape measure)

M05–65C oc

Up surface to east,

has tufa coats

2-cm clay lens at top

Interbedded silt, 

sand, and mud

0–10°-dipping

Interbedded gravel,

sand, and muddy sand;

E-directed sweeping

planar beds Interbedded with

locally derived

thin fan gravel

Coarsens up

Station M05–53

(Abney and Jacob's staff)

Station M07–159

(tape measure)

Station M06–184

(tape measure)

Abundant carbonate 

nodules in top 25 cm

Sweeping, planar,

SE-dipping beds, 

locally troughcrossbedded; 

muddy in top 50 cm

Cuts out basal soil to S

Contains

several weak

buried soils;

basal 3.4 m

mostly covered

QTcg

QTcg

Qvg

Ql7

Ql7

Ql8o?

Ql8

Qia7

QTcg

Ql6

Ql6

Ql6

Qia6

Qia6

Ql6

Ql7

Qia6

Ql7

Ql8

Qia7

Qia7

Ql7

Ql8

Ql8

Ql7

Qia

Ql8

Ql8

Qia6

Qvg

Qia6

Station M06–04

(Abney and

Jacob’s staff)

Carbonate-rich

Sand-sized grains 

of green mud; 

gypsum rosettes

Ledges of 

carb. cement

Ql6

Ql6

Ql6

Ql6

Qia

Qia

QTcg

Qia

Qia

Qia6

Qia6

Qia6

Station M05–54

(tape measure)

Abundant vertical

siliceous root casts

Carbonate cement

at top—hiatus?

Ql6

Qia

JP071005

174±9 ka U-Th

M05-52F1 oc

JR05D–162C oc

JR05D–98CC oc

JR05D–98B oc

JR05D–162B oc

Stations M05–52E, F

(Abney and Jacob's staff)

15° S-dipping; fines to N. 

Thin beds of green silt

M05–52F3 oc

M05–52E2 oc

M05–52E4 oc

M05–52E7 oc

M05–52E8 oc

Fissile silty clay, slightly calcareous

Thin interbeds of clay; local soft-sediment

deformation

Reddish; erosive base

N-dipping foresets

M05–52E9 oc

M05–52E10 oc Channeled at base;

thin clay interbed

Poorly sorted;

probably fluvial

Green mud

JR04D–1

25,420±120

JR06D–206A

21,830±60

JR06D–206E

23,140±100

JR06D–206C1

26,620±90

JR06D–206B, F

20,940±60, 21,780±80

M05–19I

34,680±260

M05–19J

42±16 ka U-Th

Manix tephra

184±4 ka

M05–19B

171±36 ka U-Th 

M05–19A oc

M05–19D, E oc

M05–19F, G oc

M05–19C6 oc

 to 19C1 oc

Greenish-brown; 

rotted clasts

Planar beds

Crossbedded

Thin sand beds

Connects to

station M05–26

(stratigraphic section 2D)

Connects to

stations M06–100

and M06–190

(stratigraphic section 2C)

Thin sand interbeds

Thin sand interbeds

Thin clay interbeds

Beach; hiatus?

Hiatus?

Fining-up sand and

mud couplets

Laminated fine sand, silt, clay

M05–19A oc

M05–71A1

Tcg

27,000 ± 120

46 ± 24 ka U-Th

LITHOLOGY KEY

Green, well sorted clay and silt—Horizontally bedded to massive (lacustrine)

Green, well sorted silt and clay—Horizontally bedded to massive (lacustrine)

Fine to medium sand and silt—Horizontally bedded to ripple cross-bedded 

(lacustrine)

Medium to coarse sand and pebbly sand—Commonly has sweeping planar 

crossbeds (lacustrine)

Sandy pebble-cobble gravel and gravelly sand—Trough cross-bedded (fluvial) or 

sweeping planar crossbeds (lacustrine)

Interbedded sand and rounded to angular sandy pebble-cobble gravel—Planar to 

crossbedded, locally steep bedding dips (lacustrine fan delta)

Moderately sorted sand and pebbly sand—Crudely bedded to crossbedded (alluvial 

to fan-lake margin)

Poorly to moderately sorted pebble-cobble gravel and sand—Crudely bedded to 

crossbedded (alluvial to fan-lake margin)

Poorly to moderately sorted, partly calcareous, sand and pebbly sand—Crudely 

bedded to cross-bedded (alluvial)

Brown to green, gypsum-rich, locally sandy mud—Mudflat or lagoonal

Brown, poorly to moderately sorted, calcareous to gypsiferous sand, silt, and 

clay—Horizontally bedded to massive (playa)

Poorly sorted mud and sand with floating gravel clasts—Massive (distal alluvial 

fan)

Poorly sorted sand and angular pebble-cobble gravel—Massive (alluvial fan)

Poorly sorted angular cobble-boulder gravel—Massive (proximal alluvial fan)

Chaotic deposits—Mixed deformed blocks of partly indurated lake and playa 

sediment

Bedrock

SYMBOL KEY

Geologic map unit

Tufa-coated clasts

Erosional unconformity

Weakly developed buried soil—Bw-Bk, stage I CaCO3 (from Miller and others, 2009)

Moderately developed buried soil—Bt-Bk; stage 2–3 CaCO3 (from Miller and 

others, 2009)

Sample number

Ostracode sample

Radiocarbon age—Years before present (yr B.P.)

Uranium-series age

Tbrg

Ol8

Ol7

Oalg

Photo 6. Nearshore sand and gravel of unit Ql8 overlying thin Qia7 and greenish muds of unit 

Ql7. West side of North Afton beach ridge, Afton subbasin, station M05‒26 (photo index number 

05‒304).

Photo 7. Sand and gravel of unit Ql8 deposited in active alluvial-fan interface setting. 

Outcrop contains several dated shell beds; sample M09‒6A (table 1) taken a few cm to 

right of shovel head. 50-cm shovel for scale. Railroad cut southwest of Dunn siding, 

Afton subbasin, station M09‒6 (photo index number 09‒107).

Photo 8. Sand and gravel of unit Ql8 deposited in active alluvial-fan interface 

setting. Outcrop contains several beds separated by tufa-coated clasts (white 

streaks) representing lake transgressions and a buried soil (reddish), as well as 

dated shells (M05‒19I, table 1). Note backset and foreset beds forming beach 

barrier in gravel bed above rod top. 1-m rod for scale. Borrow pit in the 

informally named Dunn wash, Afton subbasin, station M05‒19 (photo index 

number 05‒117).

Photo 9. Interbedded sand and sandy green mud of unit Ql8. Contains 

lacustrine ostracodes and a dated gastropod bed at top (sample 

M10‒3A, table 1). 50-cm shovel for scale; orange flag marks contact 

with unit Qia7 below. Railroad cut southwest of Dunn siding, Afton 

subbasin, station M07‒62 (photo. index number 07‒88).

Photo 14. Units Ql7b (green mud) and Ql7a (tan planar-bedded pebbly sand and silt) 

overlying pinkish unit Qalg. Station M06‒81 near Field siding, Afton subbasin. 

Geologist and dog for scale (photo index number 06‒156). 

Photo 20. Unit Ql6, showing interbedded medium and fine sand and sandy mud; 

white lamina is 184-ka Manix tephra. Green bed near base of scale consists of 

reworked rip-up mud clasts. Station M07‒159 northeast of Dunn, Afton subbasin 

(photo index number 07‒566).

Photo 28. View to northeast of unit Qof overlying unit Ta; 

capped by strath gravel of unit Qyfmr. Exposure is about 17 

m high. Qof consists of interbedded sand and gravel with 

individual beds 10‒60 cm thick. Station M07‒144 east of 

Mojave River in Afton subbasin, northeast of Ninemile 

Well (photo index number 07‒300). 

Photo 29. Closeup of part of Qof outcrop in photograph 28. 

Thinly bedded sand and pebbly sand (near base). Note 

steeply north-dipping beds above shovel head (50 cm 

shovel). Station M07‒144 east of Mojave River in Afton 

subbasin, northeast of Ninemile Well (photo index number 

07‒302).

Photo 30. Closeup of part of unit Qof outcrop showing reddish, weak buried soil 

overlain by fluvial sand and gravel containing large (about 50 cm across) rip-up 

clast of green mud (right of shovel head). Near station M08‒45, east of Mojave 

River, northeast of Ninemile Well (photo index number 11‒39).

Photo 31. Closeup of unit Qof containing rip-up clasts of green mud in a poorly 

sorted matrix of gravel, sand, and small mud chips. Qof overlies buttress unconformity on unit Qalg, sloping about 25° up to left from GPS. Unconformity is inferred 

to have been cut by flood waters during subbasin integration. Station M07‒117 on 

east end of Buwalda Ridge (photo index number 09‒332).

Photo 34. View south of unit Qof overlying brown playa deposits of unit Qp. Qof consists 

of about 1 m of fluvial sand and gravel overlying several meters of chaotically bedded 

blocks (as much as 2 m across) and clasts of deformed, semi-indurated green lake mud, silt, 

and sand mixed with blocks of brown playa mud. Station M06‒100, northeast side of 

Mojave River near Dunn siding, Afton subbasin (sheet 2B; photo. index number 07‒311). 

Photo 21. Unit Ql6, showing rip-up mud clasts and gravel at base of pebbly sand 

also containing smaller mud rip-ups, and capped by a transgressive gravel marking 

base of Ql7. Station M09‒58 south of Mojave River in Cady subbasin (photo 

index number 09‒181). 

Photo 22. Interbedded lacustrine and 

alluvial-fan beds, south of Mojave River in 

Cady subbasin. Ql7 consists of sandy mud 

and well-sorted nearshore sand; Ql6 consists 

of horizontally bedded fine to coarse sand 

with heavy-mineral laminae. Note white 

concentration of calcium carbonate at base 

of unit Ql7. Numbers on scale are 10-cm 

intervals. Station M09‒66 (photo index 

number 09‒234).

Photo 23. Sequence of three lacustrine units overlying unit Qalg, 

northeast side of Manix Wash, Cady subbasin. About 1 m of muddy 

nearshore sand of unit Ql7 at top is obscured by lag gravel (note 

daypack for scale). Ql5 consists of an upper interval of nearshore 

sand overlying beach gravel with tufa-coated clasts throughout. Ql4

consists of pale-colored, horizontally bedded arkosic sand. Hoodoo 

of unit Qalg at right capped by cemented sandstone lens. Station 

M08‒110 (photo index number 08‒365).

Photo 35. Closeup of rip-up clast of deformed lake sand and mud (left of shovel head) 

overlying brown rip-up clast of playa sediment at station M06‒100. 50-cm shovel for scale. 

Northeast side of Mojave River near Dunn, Afton subbasin (sheet 2B; photo index number 

06‒196).

Photo 4. View northwest of eastern margin of Buwalda Ridge, showing lake beds overlying unit Qalg. Manix 

fault trace lies just behind the crest of the Ql8 outcrop.

Photo 18. Unit Ql6, same site as photo 17. Well bedded fine sand, weakly cemented by calcium 

carbonate. Station M05‒54, railroad cut northeast of Dunn in Afton subbasin (photo index number 

06‒118).

Photo 56. View to southeast of playa deposits of unit Qmr, south of Mojave 

River near mouth of Manix Wash in Cady subbasin. Scraped white area near 

shovel in foreground is 2-Ma Huckleberry Ridge tephra, as identified by 

Nagy and Murray (1991) in their “southern hill section”. White streak 

partway up mud bluffs is another tephra. Station M09‒41 (photo index 

number 09‒159).

Photo 41. Unit Qalg on south side of Buwalda Ridge near eastern end. 

Capped by gravels of unit Qof. Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in 

foreground for scale (photo index number 07‒259).

Photo 10. View to northwest of green muds and thin interbedded sands (marked by steps) of unit Ql7. 

Dunn “island” outcrop in Afton subbasin near Dunn (stations DI1‒4, sheet 2B). Total thickness about 17 

m; contains abundant ostracodes and fish bones (Reheis and others, 2012; photo index number 06‒178).

Photo 39. Unit Qia, interbedded poorly sorted 

alluvial gravel and sand, overlain by units Ql7

and Ql8. West side of North Afton beach ridge, 

Afton subbasin (photo index number 08‒17). 

Photo 16. Unit Ql7a, deposited in a fan-delta setting. Includes fluvial 

gravel, beach deposits (backset and foreset beds) and deltaic foreset and 

topset beds. 50-cm shovel for scale. Station M06‒135, east side of North 

Afton beach ridge, Afton subbasin (photo index number 06‒471).

Photo 15. Units Ql7b (greenish-gray sandy mud) and Ql7a

(pink and green interbedded sand and pebble gravel) overlying reddish unit Qiea. Weak soil present at top of Ql7a. Ql7a 

was deposited in a fan-delta setting and thus locally contains 

packages of fluvial gravel (Reheis and Miller, 2010). Section 

is about 10 m thick. Station M06‒160 near Shoreline hill, 

Afton subbasin (photo index number 06‒522).

Photo 61. Interbedded reworked eolian sand and gravel beds of unit 

Qiea, overlain by greenish unit Ql7. Station M06‒40, east side of 

North Afton beach ridge, Afton subbasin (photo index number 

06‒81).

Qyfmr

Qof

Ta

0 1 2 KILOMETERS

0 1 2 MILES

DI1–4

09–6

09–5,08–112

10–59

09–76

09–66

09–58

09–28

08–55

08–45

07–66

07–62

07–57

06–81

06–70

06–190

06–48

06–44

06–17

06–06

06–04

05–65

05–61

05–54 05–53

05–26,22

05–23

04–75

08–172

08–165

08–163

07–159

07–144

07–128

07–117, 09–127

06–184

06–170

06–156

06–142

06–141

06–135

06–100

04D-98, 

05D-161

06D–206A

Dunn

wash

Manix Wash

Afton Canyon

Cady Mountains

Alvord

Mountain

N. Afton

beach ridge

Dunn

35°03’

35°00’

34°57’

116°33’ 116°30’ 116°27’ 116°24’ 116°21’

Location map. Hillshade image showing principal geographic features, map boundary (red line), locations of measured sections, and approximate 

lines of connection between sections (yellow lines). Letter prefixes are omitted from section names for convenience.

2A

2B

2C

2D

Cave

Mtn

Buwalda Ridge

08–130

08–60

08–110

09–29

06–77

06–74 05–58, 59, 60

05–52E,F

05–19

04D–1, 04–29B

05–71 05–25

Base from U.S. Geological Survey 10-meter National Elevation Dataset, accessed 2014 at http://ned.usgs.gov/.

Stratigraphic Sections of Pleistocene Lake Manix Map Area, San Bernardino County, California

By

Marith C. Reheis,1

 Joanna R. Redwine,2 Elmira Wan,1 John P. McGeehin,1 and D. Paco VanSistine1

2014 

Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not 

imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also 

contains copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted 

items must be secured from the copyright owner.

This database, identified as SIM 3312, has been approved for release and publication by 

the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although this database has been subjected to 

rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the 

data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition 

that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages 

resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.

Publishing support provided by: 

Denver Publishing Service Center

Manuscript approved for publication October 11, 2014

For more information concerning this publication, contact:

Center Director, USGS Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center

Box 25046, Mail Stop 980

Denver, CO 80225

(303) 236-5344

Or visit the Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center Web site at:

http://gec.cr.usgs.gov/

This and other USGS information products are available at

http://store.usgs.gov/ 

U.S. Geological Survey

Box 25286, Denver Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

To learn about the USGS and its information products visit

http://www.usgs.gov/ 

1-888-ASK-USGS

This report is available at:

http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3312

ISSN 2329-132X (online)

http://dxdoi.org/10.3133/sim3312

Suggested citation: Reheis, M.C., Redwine, J.R, Wan, Elmira, McGeehin, 

J.P., and VanSistine, D.P., 2014, Surficial Geology and Stratigraphy of 

Pleistocene Lake Manix, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. 

Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3312, 46 p., 2 pls., scale 

1:24,000, http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3312.

2D. Stratigraphic Sections from North Afton Beach Ridge 

(sections are hung from topography; altitude and thicknesses at same scale. Site data for stations in tables) 

2A. Stratigraphic Sections from Northern Manix Wash to South of Mojave River

(sections are hung from topography; altitude and thickness at same scale. Site data for stations in tables)

2B. Stratigraphic Sections from Western Buwalda Ridge to Dunn

(sections are hung from topography; altitude and thicknesses at same scale. Site data for stations in tables)

2C. Stratigraphic Sections from Dunn Wash and Afton Areas

(sections are hung from topography; altitude and thicknesses at same scale. Site data for stations in tables)

555 North South

560

Northwest Southeast

Altitude and thickness

(meters)

North of Mojave River South of Mojave River

Southwest Northeast

545

North South West East

Altitude and thickness

(meters)

Altitude and thickness

(meters)

Altitude and thickness

(meters)

505

500

515

525

520

510

535

540

530

545

555

550

505

500

515

525

520

510

535

540

545

550

530

495

490

485

480

475

470

465

460

455

450

505

500

495

490

485

480

475

470

465

460

515

510

525

520

530

535

540

505

500

495

515

510

525

520

530

535

540

545

550

1

U.S. Geological Survey

2

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

Ql7

Ql6

Ql7

Ql5

Ql4

Qalg

Ql7b

Ql7a

Qalg

Ql7b

Ql7a

Qiea

Ql8

Ql7

Qia

Ql8

Qia7

Ql7

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Map 3312

Sheet 2 of 2

Pamphlet accompanies map