A111D3 DflTlflM

COMPUTERS IN THE

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT:

A COMPILATION OF

STATISTICS

NBS Special Publication 500-7

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards^ was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and

technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to pro- mote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, the Office for Information Programs, and the

Office of Experimental Technology Incentives Program.

THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consist- ent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, and the following center and divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Center for Radiation Research — Laboratory Astrophysics^ — Cryogenics^ — Electromagnetics^ — Time and Frequency'.

THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational insti- tutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and

distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials, the Office of Air and Water Measurement, and the following divisions:

Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor Radiation — Physical Chemistry.

THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services developing and promoting the use of avail- able technology; cooperates with public and private organizations in developing technological standards, codes, and test methods; and provides technical advice services, and information to Government agencies and the public. The Institute consists of

the following divisions and centers: Standards Application and Analysis — Electronic Technology — Center for Consumer Product Technology: Product Systems Analysis; Product Engineering — Center for Building Technology: Structures, Materials, and Safety; Building

Environment; Technical Evaluation and Application — Center for Fire Research: Fire Science; Fire Safety Engineering.

IHE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effectiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus wthin the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer

languages. The Institute consist of the following divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Information Technology.

THE OFFICE OF EXPERIMENTAL TECHNOLOGY INCENTIVES PROGRAM seeks to affect public policy and process

to facilitate technological change in the private sector by examining and experimenting with Government policies and practices in order to identify and remove Government-related barriers and to correct inherent market imperfections that impede

the innovation process. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of in- formation analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services

to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following organizational units:

Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — Office of Technical Publications — Library —

Office of International Standards — Office of International Relations.

^ Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234.

' Located at Boulder, Colorado 80302.
LIBKABT m 1 i 1977

COMPUTER SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: ^

Computers in the Federal Government: *^^-7

A Compilation of Statistics iqjy

Compiled by

Information Technology Division

Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary

Dr. Sidney Harman, Under Secretary ^ NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director

Issued June 1977
Reports on Computer Science and Technology

The National Bureau of Standards has a special responsibility within the Federal

Government for computer science and technology activities. The programs of the

NBS Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology are designed to provide ADP

standards, guidelines, and technical advisory services to improve the effectiveness of

computer utilization in the Federal sector, and to perform appropriate research and

development efforts as foundation for such activities and programs. This publication

series will report these NBS efforts to the Federal computer community as well as to interested specialists in the academic and private sectors. Those wishing to receive

notices of publications in this series should complete and return the form at the end

of this publication.

National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 500-7

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 500-7,41 pages (June 1977) CODEN: XNBSAV

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

United States. National Bureau of Standards. Computers in the Federal Government. (Computer science & technology) (NBS special publication ; 500-7) "The author of this compilation is Martha M. Gray."

Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: C13. 10:500-7

1. United States—Executive departments—Management—Data

processing—Statistics. 2. Public administration—Data processingStatistics. I. Gray, Martha M. II. Title. III. Series. IV. Series: United

States. National Bureau of Standards. Special publication ; 500-7. QC100U57 no. 500-7 [JK468.A8] 602Ms [373] 77-608102

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WASHINGTON: 1977

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.60

Stock No. 003-003-01780-9
COMPUTERS IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT:

A COMPILATION OF STATISTICS

ABSTRACT

The material in this report is a compilation of some of the data on the status of computer technology in the

Federal Government. This compilation is a combination of

existing statistics from Federal Government and computer

industry sources, and original statistics based on these sources. Information is included on numbers of computers

installed in the Federal Government, dollar value of com- puters installed, numbers of computers installed by agency.

Federal ADP costs by agency and minicomputers in the Federal

Government.

Key Words: Federal Government computers; statistics; ADP

costs; Federal minicomputers; Federal ADP statistics

iii
PREFACE

The material in this report is a compilation of some of the data

on the status of computers in the Federal Government and the private

sector. This compilation is a combination of existing statistics from

Federal Government and computer industry sources, and original statistics

based on these sources. Information is included on numbers of computers

installed in the Federal Government, dollar value of computers installed,

numbers of computers installed by agency, Federal ADP costs by agency,

and minicomputers in the Federal Government.

This report is a first attempt in sharing this kind of information;

the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology plans to share other

such compilations of data which it continually gathers in the course of

its activities, for its own needs and responsibilities.

The author of this compilation is Martha M. Gray of the Computer

Information Section, ably assisted by Paul Majewski of the Section.

Other Section staff members involved were Peter Calomeris, who helped

in the preparation of some of the graphs, and Barbara Peterson and

Pamela Forder, who assisted with manuscript preparation.

Special thanks for their assistance and cooperation are due

Alvin Krakow, General Services Administration; Walter Haase and

Boyd Alexander, Office of Management and Budget; and Walter Anderson,

General Accounting Office.

iv
Table of Contents

Page

List of Figures vi

Summary of Findings viii

I. General Introduction and Background of Sources 1

II. Compilation of Relevant Statistics 2

A. Federal Government statistics 2

B. U.S. statistics 5

III. Analysis of Statistics 8

A. Comparison of U.S. installed computers with

Federal Government computers by numbers of CPU's 8

B. Comparisons of U.S. installed computer systems

with Federal computer systems by dollar value 13

C. Analysis of numbers of computers by SIC code and

agency installations 18

D. Analysis of annual Federal ADP costs by agency

for the general management classification of 23

computers

E. Analysis of minicomputers in the Federal

Government 27

References 31

V
List of Figures

Page

1. Computers in the Federal Government by Management

Classification 3

2. Growth Rate of Computer Systems in the Federal

Government by Numbers of CPUs and Dollar Value 4

3. U.S. Installed Computers by Classification 6

4. Growth Rate of Computer Systems in the U.S. by

Number and Dollar Value 7

5. Total Computers Installed (Federal Government-U.S.

)

9

6. Computers Installed by Classification (Federal

General Management Computers - General Purpose

U.S. Computers) 10

7. Computers Installed by Classification (Federal

Special Management Computers - DedicatedApplication U.S. Computers) 11

8. Comparisons of U.S. Installed Computers with

Federal Government Computers by Number of CPUs 12

9. Total Dollar Value of Computer Systems Installed

(in $Billions) (Federal Government-U.S.)

10. Dollar Value of Computer Systems Installed by

Classification (in $Bil lions) (Federal General

Management - General Purpose U.S.) 15

11. Dollar Value of Computer Systems Installed by

Classification (in $Billions) (Federal Special

Management - Dedicated-Application U.S.) 16

12. Comparisons of U.S. Computer Systems with Federal

Government Computer Systems by Dollar Value (in $Billions) "17

13. Industry Percentage by SIC Code of Total U.S. General

Purpose CPUs 19

14. Annual Federal Installed Computer Base by Agency 20

15. Agency Percentage of Annual Federal Installed Computer

Base (Table) 21

16. Agency Percentage of Annual Federal Installed Computer

Base (Graph) 22

vi
17. Annual Federal ADP Costs by Agency 24

18. Agency Percentage of Annual Federal ADP Costs (Table) 25

19. Agency Percentage of Annual Federal ADP Costs (Graph) 26

20. Number of Computers in the Federal Government by 28

Computer Cost and by Fiscal Year

21. Number of Computers in the Federal Government by 29

Computer Cost Category

22. Growth Rate of Computers in the Federal Government 30

by Computer Cost and by Fiscal Year

vii
Summary of Findings

In Fiscal Year 1975 there were over 8000 computers in use in the

Federal Government.

The dollar value of the computer systems in the Federal Government was $4.04 Billion in FY 75.

In Fiscal Year 1975 there were over 190,000 computers in use in

the United States.

The dollar value of the computer systems in the U.S. was approximately $35.7 Billion for FY 75.

The number of computers in the Federal Government is increasing

at a greater rate than the dollar value of the computer systems

and will probably continue to do so.

The number of computers in the U.S. is increasing at a rate

twice greater than the rate of the growth of the dollar value of

the installed base.

The percentage of computers in the Federal Government compared

to the U.S installed base has dropped from 10% in 1967 to less

than 5% in 1975.

The percentage of the dollar value of computer systems in the

Federal Government compared to the dollar value of the U.S.

computer systems has dropped from almost 13% in 1970 to about

11% in 1975.

The Department of Defense continues to have the largest percentage of Federal computers among agencies and continues to show

the largest ADP costs.

Minicomputers now represent about 55% of the Federal inventory.

Over the last eight years Federal minicomputers have grown with

an average yearly growth rate of 22%.

Federal computers costing over $50K have grown over the last

eight years with an average yearly growth rate between 3% and 8%.

The major areas for computer installations in the U.S. are business, trade and manufacturing.

viii
I. General Introduction and Background of Sources

The Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology serves as the

Federal Government focal point for computer technology activities. The

Institute programs are designed to provide standards and guidelines and

technical advisory services to improve the effectiveness of computers

and computer applications in the Federal Government. Appropriate

research provides the foundation for these activities.

In the process of conducting its program, the Institute collects

data from a variety of sources on the status of computer technology,

the extent of computer use in the government and private sectors, and

the projected trends in the technology and applications areas. These

data are analyzed from a number of points of view in order to support

ICST efforts in developing standards and guidelines and in providing

technical advisory services. The analyzed data and resulting graphs

and charts have proved most useful to ICST personnel.

It is in the light of its own experience with the utility of these

data and analyses that ICST has prepared this publication. The compilation of data on computers in the Federal Government will, it is

believed, be of general interest within and outside the Federal Government computer community.

The main sources of statistical information on computers in the

Federal Government used in this report are:

. General Services Administration (GSA) - Statistics on numbers of

computers in the Federal Government, value of Federal computer

systems and annual costs of Federal agencies were taken from GSA

publications or provided by the agency. [1,2]*

. General Accounting Office (GAO) - Statistics on minicomputers in

the GAO report on minicomputer use in the Federal Government [3] were analyzed and either included in this report or extrapolated

for purposes of this report.

GSA figures are categorized by a management classification scheme

to identify systems operated under a wide variety of operational

environments. The General Management Classification identifies systems

which are used in a geiieral utility environment. The Special Management

Classification identifies systems used in various operational environments such as control, classified and mobile. [1]

One of the aspects of this report is the relation of numbers of

Federal computers to the total U.S. installed base of computers. The

primary source of U.S. figures utilized is the annual Review and Forecast issue of EDP Industry Report , a publication of International Data

*Numbers in brackets refer to references listed at the end of the report.

1
Corporation [4]. The statistics given in that issue are listed for the

end of the calendar year, and have been extrapolated for this report to

estimate census figures for the fiscal year.

International Data Corporation classifies computers into two

categories, general -purpose computer market and dedicated-application

computer market. The computers included in the general -purpose category "comprise the bulk of digital computers (by value) in operation.

They are byte or character oriented except for large-scale scientific

computers that have large words -- and are primarily programmed in

higher-level languages"; the computers in the dedicated application

category "are those commonly referred to as minicomputers, plus certain

larger systems designed primarily for one application such as process

control, data communications, or data entry." [4]

II. Compilation of Relevant Statistics

A. Federal Government Statistics

Figure 1 summarizes the numbers of computers in the Federal inventory from FY 1962 to FY 1975 and the classification of these computers.

This figure shows that the number of special management computers has

greatly increased since the classification scheme was established. It

also shows that the number of computers in use in the Federal Government

in 1975 is more than eight times the number used in 1962.

Figure 2 shows the growth rate for six years of the numbers of

computers (CPUs) and the dollar value of Federal computer systems. For

this time frame the numbers of computers in the inventory have been

increasing by an average of 674 per year for an average yearly growth

rate of a little over 10%. (The growth rate is based on the increase

in units for one year compared to the installed base the year before.

The average yearly growth rate may also be called the average compound

growth rate.) The dollar value of the computer systems has been

increasing on an average $.248 Billion per year for an average yearly

growth rate of almost 8%. With the increase of computers costing under

$50K in the inventory (see Section III E, "Analysis of Minicomputers in

the Federal Government") the numbers of computers will continue to grow

at a much greater rate than the dollar value of the computer systems.

2
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Figures 3 and 4 summarize the basic statistics on U.S. computers

used in this report. Figure 3 shows the numbers of computers installed

in the U.S. from 1967 to 1975. It shows the dramatic increase in the

number of dedicated-application computers and consequently the dramatic

increase in the total installed base.

Figure 4 shows the growth rate for six years of the numbers and the

dollar value of U.S. installed computer systems. For this time frame an average of over 25,000 computer systems were added to the installed base

per year, for an average yearly growth rate of almost 25%. During the same time frame, the dollar value of the installed computer systems

increased on an average of almost $3 Billion per year, for an average

yearly growth rate of over 10%. Since the numbers of computer systems

reflect the large growth of dedicated-application computers which include

most of the minicomputers, the growth rate of the numbers of computer

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III. Analysis of Statistics

A. Comparison of U.S. installed computers with Federal Government

computers by numbers of CPUs.

Figures 5, 6, and 7 show graphically the number of computers

installed in the U.S. To further enumerate the size of the Federal

installed base as part of the U.S. installed base, the percentage of

Federal computers is compared with U.S. computers, using GSA figures and

IDC figures. From 1967 to 1975 the total Federal figures have gone from

10% of the U.S. installed base to 4.5%.

It is of interest also to divide the computers into categories,

comparing the IDC general -purpose and dedicated-application categories

with the GSA general management and special management categories.

(The two classification schemes are not synonymous, since one classifies the machine (IDC) and the other (GSA) classifies the function of

the machine as specified by the agency.) From 1967 to 1975 the Federal

general management computers went from 9% of the U.S. general -purpose

computers to 5%, and the special management computers from 18% of the

dedicated-application computers to 4%. Thus, the number of Federal

computers as a percentage of the U.S. installed computers today is half

what it was eight years ago. While the U.S. installed base has better

than quintupled in eight years, the Federal base has only slightly more

than doubled (see Figure 8).

8
TOTAL COMPUTERS INSTALLED

(Federal Government Computers^ - U.S. Installed Computers^)

Cumulative

Number in Use

(in thousands)

56 68 69 70 71 72 72 74 75

Fiscal Year

Sources: 1. GSA Inventory 1975

2. EDP Industry Report, April 30, 1976

Figure 5

9
COMPUTERS INSTALLED BY CLASSIFICATION

(Federal General Management Computers^ - General Purpose U.S. Computers^

C umulative

Number in Use

(in thousands)

70

60 --

50

40

30 --

20 --

U.S. (General Purpose )

Federal Government

(General Management)

10

I 1 \ 1 \ 1 \ 1 \ \- 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

Fiscal Year

Sources: 1. GSA Inventory 1975

2. EDP Industry Report , April 30, 1976 and April 19, 1974.

Figure 6

10
COMPUTERS INSTALLED BY CLASSIFICATION

(Federal Special Management Computers^ - Dedicated-Application U.S. Computers^)

140 -4-

Cumul ati ve Number in Use

(in thousands)

U.S. Dedicated

Appl i cation

Federal Government

(Special Management

Classification)

r—r 1—P-^f—I—I—I—

h

67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

Fiscal Year

Sources: 1. GSA Inventory 1975

2. EDP Industry Report April 30, 1976 and April 19, 1974

Figure 7

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B. Comparisons of U.S. installed computer systems with Federal computer

systems by dollar value.

Charts 9, 10 and 11 show graphically the dollar value of Federal

computer systems compared with the dollar value of U.S. installed

computer systems. The figures for Federal computer systems are based

on the totals from the GSA charts, "Computer Systems by Purchase Price

Range," in recent inventories and on information obtained from Alvin

Krakow for the other years. The figures for the U.S. installed computer

systems are from International Data Corporation's category, "$Billion

Value in Use."

The percentages of the $ value of Federal computer systems for the

years FY70-FY75 (Figure 12) has declined in these six years but not as significantly as the numbers of computers (shown in Section III A).

13
TOTAL DOLLAR VALUE OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS INSTALLED (in $Bil lions)

(Federal Government Computers^ - U.S. Installed Computers^)

•

1 \ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

Fiscal Year

Sources: 1. General Services Administration

2. EDP Industry Report , April 30, 1976 and April 19, 1974.

Figure 9

14
DOLLAR VALUE OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS INSTALLED BY CLASSIFICATION (in SBillions)

(Federal General Management Computers ^ - General Purpose U.S. Computers^)

35 --

'

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 h

67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

Fiscal Year

Sources: 1. General Services Administration

2. EDP Industry Report , April 30, 1976 and April 19, 1974.

Figure 10

15
DOLLAR VALUE OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS INSTALLED BY CLASSIFICATION (in $Billions)

(Federal Special Management Computers^ - Dedicated-Application U.S. Computers^)

7 -H

6

67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Fiscal Year

Sources: 1. General Services Administration

2. EDP Industry Report , April 30, 1976 and April 19, 1974.

Figure 11

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C. Analysis of numbers of computers by SIC code and agency installations

There is no direct way to compare how computers are being used in

the Federal Government with those in the private sector. International

Data Corporation (IDC) provided figures for the number of general

purpose computers installed by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)

code and the percentage of the total installed base represented by each

major SIC grouping as of December 31, 1975. These percentages, as presented in Figure 13, show that business, trade and manufacturing are

the major areas for general -purpose computer installations. The Federal

Government category is listed as 3.4% of the total installed base.

However, the figures for IDC are based on December 31, 1975 figures

except for the Federal Government which is based on June 30, 1975

figures. Since the total installed base had grown by approximately 3000

computers between June and December this made the Federal percentage

smaller. Also, IDC considers only about 70% of the computers GSA lists

as general management to be general -purpose. Thus, this lowers the

Federal Government percentage on the SIC figure.

The only available statistics on where Federal computers are being

used is a compilation of numbers of computers by agency. These statistics are presented in Figure 14, which shows the number of computers

installed at the end of each of the fiscal years 1966 through 1975 for

DOD and the ten civilian agencies which have the largest number of

installed computers. In addition, the numbers of computers have been

translated into the percentages to the total inventory (Figure 15), in

order to show which agencies were gaining or losing computers in proportion to other agencies. These same figures are also presented graphically in Figure 16.

For ten of the eleven agencies the number of computers installed

in FY75 reflects an increase ranging from 100% to 900% of the FY66

figures. The other agency, GSA, showed a negligible increase. Three

agencies, DOD, ERDA, and NASA, which had the largest number of installed

computers in FY66, continued throughout the past decade to have the

largest number of computers totaling from 90% to 84% of all non-classified government computers. DOD remains the largest computer user among

Federal agencies but ERDA now has more computers installed than does

NASA. Although DOD and NASA both roughly doubled their installed

computer base, their percentage of Federal computers decreased (by 15%

and 3% respectively) since the number of computers in government nearly

tripled (from 1 to 3 thousand). Commerce, ERDA, Transportation and

Veterans Administration increased their installed computer base by

factors of six, four, ten, and seven, respectively, while the rest of

the civilian agencies taken as a group increased its base threefold.

18
INDUSTRY PERCENTAGE BY SIC CODE OF TOTAL U.S Petrochemical-!

Other Services (e.g.. Membership

Organizations, Automotive Rental)

Transportation Equipment, Manufactur- -

ing

Medical and Health Services

Federal Government

Other Financial (e.g.. Credit Agencies,

Security and Commodities, Real Estate"

Investment Companies)

Non-Electric Machinery Manufacturing

Education (Schools, Universities,

Libraries)

Other Process Manufacturing

(e.g.. Chemicals, Lumber, Textile:

Food)

Trade (Wholesale, Retail)

(Source: International Data Corporation)

1 .6 1.9

1 .9 2.3

2.4

2.7

2.9

3.4

3.5

3.7

3.9

4.5

5.7

5.7

5.8

9.7

11.0

13.1

13.3

GENERAL PURPOSE CPUs

Electric, Gas and Sanitary Services

Communications

— Printing and Publishing

— Transportation Carriers

— State and Local GovernmentElectric Machinery Manufacturing

Insurance

— Banking

— Other Manufacturing, Extraction,

and Construction (e.g.. Steel,

Rubber, Concrete)

— Miscellaneous and Business

(e.g.. Advertising, Employment,

Equipment Rental , Engineering

Services

Figure 13

19
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21
AGENCY PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL FEDERAL INSTALLED COMPUTER BASE

Agn'cul ture)

GSA HEW Interior \ FY66 FY67 FY68 FY69 FY70 FY71 FY72 FY73 FY74 FY75 100%

Treasury

VA

Transportation

Other Civil

n.6 ^i^l.l 1. 2-^1.3 iiijl.4Sal.7 ^K2A_Jii2A M 3.1 3.4|

63.9

;16.3

i 1.0

urTTr

63.9

.1 6.7..

1 .

6

2.2

63.7

15.1.

62.1

13 .'8

2.4ai 2.2

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13. T:

"2^2" 2.1i

57.3 55.4

:13.6 i;i.6 4: 1-4 ^-Tij^ 2 2_;>fe z-s^feTr^TTo-^l^^13.

9

2.SiiiE 2.1 m 2.1 -2

53.0

13.9

51 .2

:13.1

] 2.5

-- 80%

49.1

60%

, 1 2 . 9"

1

2.4a.

40%

Figure 16

22
D. Analysis of annual Federal ADP costs by agency for the general

management classification of computers

The figures for "Annual Federal ADP Costs by Agency," compiled for

years FY65 through FY75, are presented in Figure 17. The dollars spent

as a percentage of the total Federal ADP costs show comparative spending

of agencies (Figures 18 and 19). The dollars for all of the above charts

are in actual dollars spent, not constant dollars, and are only for

those costs connected with computers in the general management classification (since these are the only costs which must be reported to GSA).

DOD's costs remain the highest, among all agencies representing 50X

of all Federal ADP costs in 1975. However, in the last half of the

sixties, DOD's costs represented 60% of Federal costs. ERDA, HEW, NASA

and Treasury together have accounted for roughly 30% of all Federal ADP

costs over the last decade. Although in number of computers Treasury

has accounted for 1.5% to 2.0% of Federal computers, its expenditures

have increased by a factor of 10, now representing 14% of all Federal

costs. Similarly, HEW's percentage of Federal costs is 7.5% while its

percentage of the Federal installed computer base is 1.5%.

Because the total Federal ADP costs roughly tripled from one billion

to three billion over the last decade, agencies whose costs have doubled

(DOD and ERDA) or remained the same (NASA) show a decrease in percentage

of the annual Federal total cost, while those whose costs have more than

tripled (notable GSA, HEW, and Treasury) show an increase in this

percentage.

23
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25
AGENCY PERCENTAGE OF ANNUAL FEDERAL ADP COSTS

(General Management Classif ication^

)

Agricul tuire~\

GSA \

Interior \ pyggz pY662 FY67 FY68 FY69 FY70 FY71 FY72 FY73 FY74 FY75 Transportation)- ' VACommerce

DOD

ERDA

HEW

NASA

Treasury

Other Civil

3.6

60.4

4.0

62.8

5.2

miTni

• 1 .6

60.9

4.7

nTTTTTI

60.0

5.1

59.7

5.4

nnin

60.3

5.3

2701^ 2.1 1 .8 '^22.0 £-^^274^

59.5

6.1

58.3

6.3

i 2.5i

56.5

6.2

2.6 i

55.2

ii2.7

50.6

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975

1. Fy65 and FY66 bars based on all ADP costs.

2. Interior and Transportation (including FAA) are included with Other Civil for

FY65, FY66.

Figure 19

26
E. Analysis of Minicomputers in the Federal Government

A recent GAO report, Uses of Minicomputers in the Federal Government: Trends, Benefits, and Problems , looks at the uses of minicomputers

in the Federal Government in the past, present and future and analyzes

the problems and benefits that are attached to such uses. The basic

statistics for "number of minicomputers in Government" are provided in a bar graph, "Number of Computers in the Federal Government by Computer

Cost and by Fiscal Year" (Figure 20a). It should be noted that the

figures given in this bar graph are rounded figures and thus do not

match exactly the GSA totals given in Figure 1. Since GAO used as one of the definitions of minicomputer, "a simple computer system having a central processing unit which costs $50,000 or less," most of the

computers on this chart in the category "under $50,000" are considered

minicomputers

.

This bar graph shows that in 1967 minicomputers represented about

26% of the Federal Government computers and in 1975 represented about

55% of the Federal computers. If the growth of minicomputers in relation

to the total Federal inventory since FY70 is analyzed, the average growth

rate has been about 3% of the Federal inventory. GAO states that "considerable growth has occurred in the lower-priced computers, whereas use of the middle-priced computers had decreased and use of the more expensive computers has remained fairly constant."*

To analyze the actual growth rate of the three categories of computers, the GAO bar graph was translated into numbers of CPUs (Figure 20b).

When the number of CPUs is plotted on a line graph to show the growth

rates of the three categories of computers (Figure 21), it can be seen that the computers costing under $50,000 are growing much faster than

the other two categories.

The actual growth rate or increase in units compared to the

installed base the year before was calculated for each year for all

three categories (Figure 22). An average of 471 minicomputers, or computers costing less than $50,000, has been added per year over the

past eight years giving an average yearly growth rate of 22%. For

computers costing between $50,000 and $200,000 the average number of

units with an average yearly growth rate of 3%. For the large computers

costing over $200,000 the average number of units per year that are added to the installed base is 79.5 units, with an average yearly growth

rate of 8%. Thus, numbers of minicomputers are growing, on an average,

greater than twice as fast as either of the other two categories of

computers.

*GA0 report, p. 6

27
NUMBER OF COMPUTERS IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BY COMPUTER COST AND BY FISCAL YEAR

8750

7500-

6250-

5000-

Number of

Central 3750.

Processing

Units

2500.

1250

KEY Computer Cost

Under $50,000 C

Between $50,000 & $200,000

Over $200,000

3700

1^2 0%1 I

54%

26%

4200

.53%;

27%

4700

31%

5900

5300

J9%

40%

I

37%,

2

43%

6700

;19%

,_4%'

47%

^9%

1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 Fiscal Year

1972 1973

7800

;18%

30%^

52%

1974

86C

'1 6%

i

29% 4

55%

1975

8750

7500 -

6250 .

5000 .

Number of

Central 3750 . Processing

Units

2500 .

1250 .

3700

2]

1967

4200

I i

.4700

2-2 0"?

1457

5300

m

2120

590C

1190

6700

1273

7100 0^

2-272. i

3m9

1968 1969 1970 1971

Fiscal Year

1972 1973

7800

8600

2H<1H i

1974 1975

Source: GAO report, p. 6 Figure 20

28
NUMBER OF COMPUTERS IN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BY COMPUTER COST CATEGORY

29
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30
REFERENCES

1. General Services Administration, Inventory of Automatic Data

Processing Equipment in the United States Government , Washington,

D.C., Automated Data and Telecommunications Service, (published

annually) for Fiscal Year 1968-1975. This publication "contains

inventory data on digital computers installed throughout the

United States Government. Excluded from this inventory are analog

computers and digital computers which are built or modified to

special Government design and integral to a weapons or space

system." (From foreword, October 1975).

2. General Services Administration, Summary of Federal ADP Activities

in the United States Government , Washington, D.C., Automated Data

and Telecommunications Services, (published annually) for Fiscal

Years 1974 and 1975. This publication "contains cost, manpower and

utilization data associated with computers in the General Management Classification." (From foreword, October 1975).

3. U.S. General Accounting Office, Uses of Minicomputers in the Federal

Government : Trends, Benefits, and Problems, Washington, D.C.,

Comptroller General of the United States, FGMSD-75-53, April 22,

1976, 36 p.

4. International Data Corporation EDP Industry Report , 11:18 & 19,

(April 30, 1976) and 9:13 (April 19, 1974), (annual Review and

Forecast issues).

5. Bureau of Budget, "Inventory of Automatic Data Processing Equipment

in the Federal Government," Washington, D.C., Office of Management

and Organization, June 1965 and July 1966.

* U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1977--240-848/173

31
jiI
5.114A (REV, 7-73)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO.

NBS SP 500-7

2. Gov't Accession

No.

3. Her ipicni 's Accession No.

riTLE AND SUBXn LH r^yrDTT'PL''D ct^xtptm/^tt o rpTPo tjt\t/^t /^v^v. OUyLrUiiljK oOliljJMOilj & iECHJMOLOGi:

Computers in the Federal Government: A Compilation of

Statistics

5. I-'ubi ication Date June 1977

6. Performing Organization Code

\UTHOR(S)

Martha M. Gray, Compiler

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

11. Contract/Grant No.

Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP)

Same as Item 9

13. Type of Report & Period Covered

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 77-608102

, alABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant'

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

The material in this report is a compilation of some of the data on the status of

Icomputer technology in the Federal Government. This compilation is a combination

of existing statistics from Federal Government and computer industry sources, and

original statistics based on these sources. Information is included on numbers of

computers installed in the Federal Government, dollar value of computers installed,

'numbers of computers installed by agency. Federal ADP costs by agency and

imini computers in the Federal Government.

j|,CEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper

\\iame; separated by semicolons) Federal Govemment computers ; statistics; ADP costs;

I'Federal minicomputers; Federal ADP statistics

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Annual subscription: Domestic, $12.50; Foreign, $15.65.

NONPERIODICALS

I Monographs—Major contributions to the technical liter- ature on various subjects related to the Bureau's scientific and technical activities. Handbooks—Recommended codes of engineering and

industrial practice (including safety codes) developed

in cooperation with interested industries, professional

organizations, and regulatory bodies. Special Publications—Include proceedings of conferences

sponsored by NBS, NBS annual reports, and other

special publications appropriate to this grouping such

as wall charts, pocket cards, and bibliographies,

j Applied Mathematics Series—Mathematical tables, man-

! uals, and studies of special interest to physicists, engi-

' neers, chemists, biologists, mathematicians, comItputer programmers, and others engaged in scientific and technical work.

j National Standard Reference Data Series—Provides

quantitative data on the physical and chemical proper-

.*ties of materials, compiled from the world's literature

I and critically evaluated. Developed under a world-wide

I program coordinated by NBS. Program under authority

of National Standard Data Act (Public Law 90-396).

NOTE: At present the principal publication outlet for these data is the Journal of Physical and Chemical

Reference Data (JPCRD) published quarterly for NBS

by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and the American Institute of Physics (AIP). Subscriptions, reprints,

and supplements available from ACS, 1155 Sixteenth

St. N.W., Wash. D. C. 20056. Building Science Series—Disseminates technical infor- mation developed at the Bureau on building materials,

components, systems, and whole structures. The series presents research results, test methods, and performance criteria related to the structural and environmental

functions and the durability and safety characteristics

of building elements and systems.

Technical Notes—Studies or reports which are complete

in themselves but restrictive in their treatment of a

subject. Analogous to monographs but not so comprehensive in scope or definitive in treatment of the subject area. Often serve as a vehicle for final reports of work performed at NBS under the sponsorship of other government agencies.

Voluntary Product Standards—Developed under proce- dures published by the Department of Commerce in Part

10, Title 15, of the Code of Federal Regulations. The

purpose of the standards is to establish nationally rec- ognized requirements for products, and to provide all concerned interests with a basis for common under- standing of the characteristics of the products. NBS

administers this program as a supplement to the activities of the private sector standardizing organizations.

Consumer Information Series—Practical information,

based on NBS research and experience, covering areas

of interest to the consumer. Easily understandable language and illustrations provide useful background knowledge for shopping in today's technological marketplace.

Order above NBS publications from: Superintendent

of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington,

D.C. 20402. Order following NBS publications—NBSIR's and FIPS

from the National Technical Information Services,

Springfield, Va. 22161. Federal Information Processing Standards Publications (FIPS PUBS)—Publications in this series collectively constitute the Federal Information Processing Standards Register. Register serves as the official source of information in the Federal Government regarding stand- ards issued by NBS pursuant to the Federal Property

and Administrative Services Act of 1949 as amended.

Public Law 89-306 (79 Stat. 1127), and as implemented

by Executive Order 11717 (38 FR 12315, dated May 11, 1973) and Part 6 of Title 15 CFR (Code of Federal

Regulations).

NBS Interagency Reports (NBSIR)—A special series of interim or final reports on work performed by NBS for outside sponsors (both government and non-govern- ment). In general, initial distribution is handled by the sponsor; public distribution is by the National Technical Information Services (Springfield, Va. 22161) in paper copy or microfiche form. BIBLIOGRAPHIC SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES

iThe following current-awareness and literature-survey

I bibliographies are issued periodically by the Bureau:

ICryogenic Data Center Current Awareness Service. A

, literature survey issued biweekly. Annual subscripV tion: Domestic, 825.00; Foreign, 830.00'.

i Liquified Natural Gas. A literature survey issued quarterly. Annual subscription: $20.00.

Superconducting Devices and Materials. A literature survey issued quarterly. Annual subscription: $30.00 . Send subscription orders and remittances for the pre- ceding bibliographic services to National Bureau of Standards, Cryogenic Data Center (275.02) Boulder,

Colorado 80302.
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