# EUR-Lex - 52013DC0364 - EN

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# 52013DC0364

**Recommendation for a COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION on Latvia’s 2013 national reform programme and delivering a Council opinion on Latvia’s convergence programme for 2012-2016 /* COM/2013/0364 final */**

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Recommendation for a

COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION

on Latvia’s 2013 national reform programme
and delivering a Council opinion on Latvia’s convergence programme for
2012-2016

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Articles 121(2) and 148(4)
thereof,

Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No
1466/97 of 7 July 1997 on the strengthening of the surveillance of budgetary
positions and the surveillance and coordination of economic policies[1], and in particular Article 9(2)
thereof,

Having regard to the recommendation of the
European Commission[2],

Having regard to the resolutions of the
European Parliament[3],

Having regard to the conclusions of the
European Council,

Having regard to the opinion of the
Employment Committee,

After consulting the Economic and Financial
Committee,

Whereas:

(1)       On 26 March 2010, the
European Council agreed to the Commission’s proposal to launch a new strategy
for growth and jobs, Europe 2020, based on enhanced coordination of economic
policies, which will focus on the key areas where action is needed to boost Europe’s potential for sustainable growth and competitiveness.

(2)       On 13 July 2010, on the
basis of the Commission's proposals, the Council adopted a recommendation on
the broad guidelines for the economic policies of the Member States and the
Union (2010 to 2014) and, on 21 October 2010, adopted a decision on guidelines
for the employment policies of the Member States[4],
which together form the ‘integrated guidelines’. Member States were invited to
take the integrated guidelines into account in their national economic and
employment policies.

(3)       On 29 June 2012, the Heads
of State or Government decided on a Compact for Growth and Jobs, providing a
coherent framework for action at national, EU and euro area levels using all
possible levers, instruments and policies. They decided on action to be taken
at the level of the Member States, in particular expressing full commitment to
achieving the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy and to implementing the
country-specific recommendations.

(4)       On 6 July 2012, the
Council adopted a recommendation on Latvia’s national reform programme for 2012
and delivered its opinion on Latvia’s updated convergence programme for 2011-2015.

(5)       On 28 November 2012, the
Commission adopted the Annual Growth Survey[5],
marking the start of the 2013 European Semester of economic policy
coordination. Also on 28 November 2012, the Commission, on the basis of
Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011, adopted the Alert Mechanism Report[6], in which it did not identify Latvia as one of the Member States for which an in-depth review would be carried out.

(6)       On 14 March 2013, the
European Council endorsed the priorities for ensuring financial stability,
fiscal consolidation and action to foster growth. It underscored the need to
pursue differentiated, growth-friendly fiscal consolidation, to restore normal
lending conditions to the economy, to promote growth and competitiveness, to
tackle unemployment and the social consequences of the crisis, and to modernise
public administration.

(7)       On 29 April 2013, Latvia
submitted its 2013 convergence programme covering the period 2012-2016 and, on 2
May 2013, its 2013 national reform programme. In order to take account of their
interlinkages, the two programmes have been assessed at the same time.

(8)       Based on the assessment of
the 2013 convergence programme pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 1466/97,
the Council is of the opinion that the macroeconomic scenario underpinning the
budgetary projections in the programme is plausible. Economic growth is
expected to slow down somewhat, to around 4% per year, over the programme
period, while price increases are projected to remain moderate. The general government
deficit declined in 2012 to a level well below 3% of GDP and the medium-term
objective (MTO) was reached in that year, considerably earlier than what was
foreseen in the previous programme. The programme confirms the previous MTO of
-0.5%, which adequately reflects the objectives of the Pact. The objective of
the budgetary strategy outlined in the programme is to maintain a structural
budgetary position which is based on the MTO, with any deviation limited to the
incremental impact of systemic pension reform; this reform entails a gradual
increase in the share of social security contributions which is diverted to a
funded pension scheme and is implemented in 2013, 2015 and 2016. However,
following an overall assessment with the recalculated structural balance as a
reference, including an analysis of expenditure net of discretionary measures,
it appears that the structural balance is set to deviate from the MTO by 1.0
pp. of GDP in 2013, i.e. significantly more than the incremental impact of the
systemic pension reform, and by further 0.2 pp. in 2014. Government debt is set
to remain well below 60% over the whole programme period, increasing from 40.7%
of GDP in 2012 to 44.5% in 2013, as the government accumulates assets for debt
repayments, and is declining from 2014 as repayments take effect, reaching
34.6% by the end of the programme period. The Fiscal
Discipline Law was approved by the Latvian Parliament in January 2013 and
entered into force in March 2013. If effectively
implemented, the new law would considerably strengthen the fiscal framework in Latvia, providing an effective mechanism to limit expenditure growth in good economic times
and serving as a basis for rules-based multi-annual budgeting.

(9)       Latvia has reduced taxes on labour and plans to
take further steps in this regard in 2014 and 2015. However, the tax wedge for low-wage earners is still among the highest in
the EU, indicating a need for appropriate calibration of tax policy to
stimulate employment for the low-skilled. Moreover, shifting taxation from labour to recurrent property taxes and taxes
on the use of natural and other resources should improve the structural
balance. Environmental taxes remain relatively underdeveloped and are heavily
dominated by motor-fuel taxation, while taxation of other energy sources,
pollution and the use of natural resources is below the EU average. Further
broadening of the tax base to include other sources of environmental taxation
would help in achieving environmental goals. The government has stepped up
efforts to combat the informal economy and these efforts should be maintained.

(10)     While the post-crisis
structural adjustment has been successful, the experience of a pronounced
boom-bust cycle calls for monitoring future credit growth and the stability of
the bank funding base related to foreign deposit inflows by appropriate micro-
and macro-prudential policies.

(11)     Latvia has taken a number
of steps to tackle high long-term and youth unemployment. Funding and coverage
of active labour market policies was increased in 2013 as compared to 2012, new
measures are being implemented, including profiling of the unemployed and
improved job search assistance. Nevertheless, long term unemployment and youth
unemployment are still high, activation of the unemployed and benefit
recipients is low and access to social services is poor. There are concerns
that vocational education and training is failing to provide sufficient quality
of skills for the workforce and there is limited availability of quality
work-based training. Establishment of comprehensive career guidance and
continued implementation of reforms in vocational education and training,
including improving the quality and the accessibility of its work-based
learning and apprenticeship components are necessary.

(12)     A high proportion of the
Latvian population is at risk of poverty or social exclusion (40%) and for
children it is even higher (43.6%). Overall, the at-risk-of-poverty rate
increased slightly in 2012, suggesting that growth does not automatically
translate into less poverty, and targeted policies are necessary. Latvia has taken some steps to address poverty of unemployed and children. However, there
has been less direct action to address the problems of the social assistance
system in particular in relation to transparency, benefit adequacy and
coverage, and insufficient activation measures for benefit recipients. Lack of
fiscal space has led Latvia to decrease the level of guaranteed minimum income
(GMI) and to abolish the state budget financing of the GMI benefit. These
decisions are likely to aggravate extreme poverty and exacerbate the existing
inequality in access to social assistance across local governments, while
reducing central government incentives to invest in policy development and
control of social assistance. It
is important to monitor the effects of these decisions to prevent any
deterioration in the situation.

(13)     Latvia has proposed an
ambitious reform that can be expected to have a significant positive impact on
the quality of its higher education system. Reform plans cover an overhaul of
the accreditation process, the separation of academic and management functions
of the universities, the development of a new financing model, and a consolidation
of the higher education institutions. However, the plans are still at an early
stage and need to be properly implemented to ensure that the foreseen positive
impacts materialise. Moreover, in 2013, an evaluation will be carried out of
the effectiveness of scientific institutions and their development strategies.
This important assessment should help underpin future reform and funding of
scientific institutions, in support of increased innovation activity in Latvia.

(14)     Latvia has put forward
policy measures addressing energy savings for the main sectors of the economy.
It is expected that in coming years more than 70 % of energy savings will
be generated in the buildings sector. However, the implementation of housing
insulation projects has been slow and the number of completed projects remains
small relative to the stock of buildings, with large energy losses. The
potential for efficiency gains in this field is significant as energy intensity
of Latvian households was the highest in the EU in 2010. In 2012, Latvia made progress in opening its electricity market to competition and participation in
regional markets. Direct contracting with electricity suppliers is fully
enforced in the business sector and is introduced on voluntary basis for
households. Latvia is set to join Nord Pool Spot trading in June 2013. However,
there has been no progress in opening the natural gas market and a
single-source dependency prevails. The authorities are also facing difficult
negotiations on the ownership and management of the gas storage facility, which
is of high importance for the proper functioning of the regional gas market.

(15)     The Latvian judicial system
is characterised by inefficiencies in the civil justice system. The system
combines several unfavourable factors such as lengthy proceedings to solve
civil and commercial cases in first instance and low clearance rates leading to
a backlog of court cases. Disposition times are particularly long for
insolvency proceedings. Moreover, many cases do not get resolved at first
instance, which creates delays at all levels, up to the Supreme Court. Positive
steps to improve the efficiency and quality of the system have been taken
recently, but it is too early to assess their impact. It is particularly
important to devote sufficient attention to human resources management policies
within the judiciary. Stronger involvement of the Judicial Council, rethinking
of the role of management positions within the judiciary and more training of
judges could contribute to a higher quality judiciary. Amendments to the Law on
Insolvency were proposed by the end of 2012. However, the scope of the
amendments is limited and does not address the shortcomings of the law in a
comprehensive way. For instance, problems have been identified in relation to
the practical implementation of the law, in particular with regard to the role
of the insolvency practitioners, their responsibilities with regard to the
judges and the effective liquidation of assets, as well as issues with personal
insolvencies, which also need to be addressed.

(16)     In the context of the
European Semester, the Commission has carried out a comprehensive analysis of Latvia’s economic policy. It has assessed the convergence programme and national reform
programme. It has taken into account not only their relevance for sustainable
fiscal and socio-economic policy in Latvia but also their compliance with EU
rules and guidance, given the need to reinforce the overall economic governance
of the European Union by providing EU-level input into future national
decisions. Its recommendations under the European Semester are
reflected in recommendations (1) to (6) below.

(17)     In the light of this
assessment, the Council has examined Latvia’s convergence programme, and its
opinion[7]
is reflected in particular in recommendation (1) below,

HEREBY RECOMMENDS that Latvia should take action within the period 2013-2014 to:

1.           Reinforce the budgetary
strategy to ensure that the deviation from the MTO only reflects the
incremental impact of the systemic pension reform. Within this strategy, reduce
taxation of low-income earners by shifting taxation to areas such as excise
duties, recurrent property taxes and/or environmental taxes. Maintain efforts
to improve tax compliance and combat the shadow economy. Continue strengthening
the fiscal framework through effective implementation of the Fiscal Discipline
Law and multi-annual budgeting.

2.           Tackle long-term and youth
unemployment by increasing coverage and effectiveness of active labour market
policies and targeted social services. Improve the employability of young
people, for example through a Youth Guarantee, establish comprehensive career
guidance, implement reforms in the field of vocational education and training,
and improve the quality and accessibility of apprenticeships.

3.           Tackle high rates of poverty
by reforming social assistance for better coverage, by improving benefit
adequacy and strengthening activation measures for benefit recipients. Reinforce
the delivery mechanisms to effectively reduce child poverty.

4.           Implement the planned
reforms of higher education concerning, in particular, the establishment of a quality-rewarding
financing model, reform of the accreditation system, consolidation of the
institutions and promotion of internationalization. Take further steps to
modernise research institutions based on the on-going independent assessment.

5.           Continue improving energy
efficiency, especially of residential buildings and district heating networks,
provide incentives for reducing energy costs and shift consumption towards
energy-efficient products. Improve connectivity with EU energy networks and
take steps towards liberalisation of the natural gas market, including
provision of clear rules for third-party access to storage capacities.

6.           Complete pending reforms
to improve the efficiency and quality of the judiciary and reduce the backlog
and length of proceedings, including as regards insolvency. Put in place a
comprehensive human resources policy and take steps to implement the mediation
laws and streamline the arbitration court system.

Done at Brussels,

For
the Council

The
President

[1]               OJ L 209, 2.8.1997, p. 1.

[2]               COM(2013) 364 final.

[3]               P7_TA(2013)0052 and P7_TA(2013)0053.

[4]               Council Decision2013/208/EU of 22 April 2013.

[5]               COM(2012) 750 final.

[6]               COM(2012) 751 final.

[7]               Under Article 9(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No
1466/97.