Bridging the 50-State Survey 

of Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation with 

Previous National Survey of 

Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation Trends

Final Methodology Overview

MARCH 2020

KENTUCKY

THE ROCKVILLE INSTITUTE, FOR 

STATE FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES
Suggested Citation:

Rockville Institute. 2020. Bridging the 50-State Surveys of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated 

Recreation with Previous National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 

Trends. Final Methodology Overview: Kentucky.
 Kentucky // 1

In 2016, the Rockville Institute conducted the 50-State Survey 

of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 

(FHWAR); see more details in Rockville Institute (2018). 

Concurrently, the Census Bureau conducted the 2016 

National Survey of FHWAR; see more details in U.S. 

Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 

and U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau 

(2018). The two surveys were based on samples of addresses 

intended to be representative of the United States population 

living in households, and used questionnaires as nearly 

identical as possible. Both surveys identified likely sportspersons and wildlife watchers within sampled households, 

and individual participation surveys covered all of calendar 

year 2016. However, differences in sample design, sample 

selection process and mode of data collection resulted in 

estimates that were substantially different between the surveys.

Estimates from the 2016 National Survey of FHWAR are 

directly comparable to those from previous surveys such as 

the 2011 National Survey of FHWAR; see U.S. Department of 

the Interior, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department 

of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau (2014). Due to its modest 

sample size, it can only produce reliable estimates at the 

national and census division level. In contrast, the 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR produced state-level estimates, but these 

estimates are not directly comparable to those from previous 

surveys. The Rockville Institute therefore completed a project 

to create new state-level estimates that are calibrated to those 

of the 2016 National Survey of FHWAR. The dual purpose of 

these calibrated estimates is to maintain the fine level of 

granularity of the 50-State Survey of FHWAR but enable 

comparison to previous National Surveys of FHWAR.

Through this bridging project, the Rockville Institute 

created new state-level tables showing adjusted survey 

estimates by state of residency of the participants. These 

tables show the estimated demographics, participation, 

days, trips and expenditures, for fishing, hunting and 

wildlife-related activities for residents of each of the 50 

states and DC. The tables correspond to Tables 5, 15, 22, 

28, 30, 33, 35, and 36 in the state reports released by the 

Rockville Institute in 2018, with the exception of Tables 28 

and 33, where we report an extended set of statistics 

compared to those reported in the 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR report.

The calibration procedure used to create these tables involved 

a combination of data harmonization and statistical modeling 

of the differences between the two surveys. The procedure 

consisted of the following major steps. First, the estimated 

demographic compositions of both surveys were aligned at 

the census division level, using survey calibration methods. 

Second, a statistical model was developed to account for the 

differences in participation rates in hunting, fishing and 

wildlife-related activities between the two surveys. This 

“bridging model” was used to predict state-level participating 

rates that are consistent with those obtained using the 

Census Bureau methodology. By combining these predicted 

participation rates with the harmonized population estimates, 

calibrated estimates of the numbers of participants in each 

state were obtained. Third, the characteristics of the 

participants’ activities, such as the number and type of 

activities, days of participation and types of associated 

expenditures, were adjusted by means of estimated products 

or ratios of these characteristics between the two surveys. 

Finally, applying these products or ratios to the calibrated 

estimates of the participant numbers made it possible to 

produce the calibrated tables of estimates mentioned above. 

For more details about the bridging project, see Rockville 

Institute (2020).

OVERVIEW
 Kentucky // 2

References

• Rockville Institute. 2018. 2016 50-State Survey of Fishing, 

Hunting, and Wildlife-Related Recreation: National.

• Rockville Institute. 2020. Bridging the 50-State Surveys 

of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 

with Previous National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and 

Wildlife-Associated Recreation Trends. Final Methodology 

Report. 

• U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census 

Bureau. 2014. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, 

and Wildlife-Related Recreation.

• U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census 

Bureau. 2018. 2016 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, 

and Wildlife-Related Recreation.
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 3

APPENDIX A: POINT ESTIMATES

The tables in Appendix A depict the calibrated point 

estimates, subject to rounding error. The format of the 

calibrated tables in this appendix matches closely the 

format used in the 50-State Survey of FHWAR reports. 

Summary statistics reported in the calibrated tables are 

described below, by table.

Table 5 

Fishing and hunting, participation, days, and trips

• Total fishing participation and total hunting participation: 

product-type statistics derived using model predictions for 

percent participation in the population and total population 

based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR weights.

• Total freshwater, freshwater except Great Lakes, Great 

Lakes, and saltwater fishing participation, total big game, 

small game, migratory birds, and other animals hunting 

participation: product-type statistics derived using total 

fishing participation, total hunting participation, percent 

participation of freshwater, freshwater except Great Lakes, 

Great Lakes, and saltwater fishing in all fishing, and percent 

participation of big game, small game, migratory birds, 

and other animals hunting in all hunting (columns 

denoted by %).

• Total fishing (all and subcategories) days/trips of 

participation and total hunting (all and subcategories) 

days/trips of participation: product-type statistics derived 

using total number of fishing (all and subcategories) 

participants, total number of hunting (all and subcategories) participants, and days/trips per participant 

(not displayed).

• Percent participation (columns denoted by %): statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR 

final weights, using data from the fishing or hunting survey 

for the fishing and hunting sections, respectively.

Table 15

Fishing and hunting, demographics

• Total population (all and subcategories): composite 

statistics constructed using 2-way composite factors to 

adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, using 

data from both the fishing and the hunting surveys.

• Total number of anglers and total number of hunters: 

product-type statistics derived using model predictions for 

percent participation in the population (columns denoted 

by % Pop.), and total population based on adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights.

• Total number of sportspersons: ratio-type statistics derived 

using total number of anglers and percent anglers in 

sportspersons (not displayed).

• Total population, sportspersons, anglers, hunters, by 

demographics: product-type statistics, derived using total 

population, sportspersons, anglers, hunters participation, 

and percent demographic-specific participation in total 

participation (columns denoted by %).

• Percent demographic-specific population, sportspersons, 

anglers, hunters participation in total participation 

(columns denoted by %): composite statistics constructed 

using 2-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final weights, using data from the fishing and 

hunting surveys.

• Percent demographic-specific anglers and hunters 

participation in the total demographic-specific population 

(columns denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived 

using total demographic-specific anglers and hunters 

participation and total demographic-specific population.
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 4

• Percent total and demographic-specific sportspersons 

participation in the total and demographic-specific population (column denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type 

statistics, derived using total population and sportspersons participation.

Table 22

Fishing and hunting, spenders and expenses

• Total fishing and hunting expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount, total fishing expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount, total hunting expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount, and total unspecified expenditure amount: 

product-type statistics derived using expenditure 

amount per participant (columns denoted by Average 

Per Sportsperson), and total sportspersons participation 

(all and subcategories), total anglers participation 

(all and subcategories), total hunters participation 

(all and subcategories) and total sportspersons 

participation, respectively.

• Expenditure amount per participant (columns denoted 

by Average Per Sportsperson) and expenditure amount 

per spender (columns denoted by Average Per Spender):

> Fishing section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, using data 

from the fishing survey only.

> Hunting section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, using data 

from the hunting survey only.

> Fishing and hunting, and unspecified sections: except 

for some expenses and spenders noted in the table 

footnotes, these are composite statistics constructed using 

2-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the fishing and 

hunting surveys.

• Total fishing and hunting (all and subcategories) number 

of spenders, total fishing (all and subcategories) number 

of spenders, total hunting (all and subcategories) number 

of spenders, and total unspecified number of spenders: 

product-type statistics derived using the percent spenders 

in total participation (not displayed), and total 

sportspersons participation (all and subcategories), 

total anglers participation (all and subcategories), total 

hunters participation (all and subcategories) and total 

sportspersons participation, respectively.

Table 28

Wildlife watching, participation, days, and trips

• Total wildlife watching participation: product-type 

statistics derived using model predictions for percent 

participation in the population, and total population 

based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights.

• Total away from home (all and subcategories) and 

around the home (all and subcategories) wildlife watching 

participation: product-type statistics derived using total 

wildlife watching participation, and percent participation 

of away from home (all and subcategories) and around 

the home (all and subcategories) wildlife watching in all 

wildlife watching (columns denoted by %).

• Total wildlife watching (all and subcategories) days/trips 

of participation: product-type statistics derived using 

total number of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) 

participants and days/trips per participant (not displayed).

• Percent participation (columns denoted by %): statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey.

• Percent participation in the total population (column 

denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived 

using total population from Table 30 and wildlife 

watching participation.

Table 30

Wildlife watching, demographics

• Total population (all and subcategories): composite statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR 

final weights, using data from the wildlife watching survey. 

Note that the total population estimates in Tables 15 and 30 

differ due to demographic harmonization without state 

targets estimated from the National Survey of FHWAR 

(information not available); see Rockville Institute (2020) 

for more details about the demographic harmonization.
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 5

• Total number of wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using model predictions for percent participation 

in the population (columns denoted by % Pop.) and 

total population based on adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR weights.

• Total number of away from home or around the home 

wildlife watchers: product-type statistics derived using 

total number of wildlife watchers, and percent away 

from home or around the home wildlife watchers in 

all wildlife watchers (columns denoted by % Pop. in 

Table 35; not displayed).

• Total population, wildlife watchers, away from home, 

around the home, by demographics: product-type statistics, 

derived using total population, wildlife watchers, away 

from home, around the home participation, and percent 

demographic-specific participation in total participation 

(columns denoted by %).

• Percent demographic-specific population, wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home participation in total 

participation (columns denoted by %): composite statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey.

• Percent demographic-specific wildlife watchers, participation in the total demographic-specific population (column 

denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using total 

demographic-specific wildlife watchers participation and 

total demographic-specific population.

• Percent total and demographic-specific away from home 

and around the home participation in the total and 

demographic-specif­ic population (columns denoted 

by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using total population and away from home and around the 

home participation, respectively.

Table 33

Wildlife watching, spenders and expenditures — three 

versions for all wildlife watchers, away from home wildlife 

watchers, and around the home wildlife watchers

• Total wildlife watching expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount: product-type statistics derived using total 

number of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) 

participants and expenditure amount per participant 

(columns denoted by Average Per Wildlife Watcher).

• Expenditure amount per participant (columns denoted by 

Average Per Wildlife Watcher) and expenditure amount 

per spender (columns denoted by Average Per Spender): 

statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey only.

• Total wildlife watching (all and subcategories) number of 

spenders: product-type statistics derived using total number 

of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) participants 

and the percent spenders in total participation 

(columns denoted by Percent of Wildlife Watchers).

• Percent spenders in total participation (columns denoted 

by Percent of Wildlife Watchers): statistics constructed 

using full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, 

using data from the wildlife watching survey only.

Table 35

Wildlife watchers participating in fishing and hunting

• Total number of wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using model predictions for percent participation 

in the population (columns denoted by % Pop. in Table 

30), and total population based on adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final weights (displayed in Table 30).

• Total number of away from home or around the home 

wildlife watchers: product-type statistics derived using 

total number of wildlife watchers, and percent away 

from home or around the home wildlife watchers in all 

wildlife watchers (columns not displayed).

• Total number of wildlife watchers, away from home, 

around the home who did not fish or hunt, fished or 

hunted, fished, hunted: product-type statistics, derived 

using total number of wildlife watchers, and percent 

sportsperson-specific category in the corresponding total 

participation (columns denoted by %).

• Percent sportsperson-specific category in the corresponding total participation (columns denoted by %): statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey.
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 6

Table 36

Sportspersons participating in wildlife watching

• Total number of sportspersons: ratio-type statistics 

derived using total number of anglers, percent anglers 

in sportspersons (not displayed).

• Total number of anglers or total number of hunters: 

product-type statistics derived using model predictions 

for percent participation in the population (columns 

denoted by % Pop. in Table 15), and total population 

based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final 

weights (displayed in Table 15).

• Total number of sportspersons, anglers, or hunters who 

did not wildlife watch, wildlife watch, wildlife watch 

away from home, wildlife watch around the home: 

product-type statistics, derived using total number of 

sportspersons, anglers, or hunters, and percent wildlife 

watcher-specific category in the corresponding total 

participation (columns denoted by %).

• Percent wildlife watcher-specific category in the corresponding total participation (columns denoted by %): 

composite statistics constructed using 3-way composite 

factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final 

weights, using data from the fishing, hunting, and 

wildlife watching surveys.
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 7

Table 5 Kentucky Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation and Trips in the United States, 

by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2016 

(Population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS DAYS OF PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# % # % # %

ALL FISHING 565 100 10,902 100 7,728 100

All freshwater 551 97 10,849 100 7,694 100

Freshwater, except Great Lakes 551 97 10,134 93 7,524 97

Great Lakes 43 8 715 7 170 2

Saltwater 20 4 53 0 34 0

ALL HUNTING 270 100 8,556 100 7,294 100

Big game 231 85 3,689 43 2,453 34

Small game 140 52 3,452 40 1,935 27

Migratory birds 45 17 415 5 435 6

Other animals 62 23 2,530 30 2,471 34

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 8

Table 15 Kentucky Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 3,041 100 682 22 100 565 19 100 270 9 100

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 1,880 62 358 19 53 325 17 58 122 6 45

Rural 1,161 38 324 28 47 240 21 42 148 13 55

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

2,258 74 457 20 67 397 18 70 181 8 67

1,000,000 or more 1,163 38 219 19 32 218 19 39 77 7 29

250,000 to 999,999 458 15 61 13 9 53 12 9 29 6 11

50,000 to 249,999 637 21 176 28 26 126 20 22 75 12 28

Outside MSA 783 26 225 29 33 168 22 30 89 11 33

SEX

Male 1,563 51 452 29 66 364 23 64 186 12 69

Female 1,478 49 230 16 34 201 14 36 84 6 31

AGE

16 to 17 years 139 5 59 42 9 59 43 10 19 14 7

18 to 24 years 295 10 74 25 11 56 19 10 37 12 14

25 to 34 years 444 15 121 27 18 96 22 17 50 11 19

35 to 44 years 482 16 104 22 15 80 17 14 38 8 14

45 to 54 years 499 16 104 21 15 88 18 16 38 8 14

55 to 64 years 593 19 125 21 18 105 18 19 46 8 17

65 years and older 589 19 94 16 14 81 14 14 41 7 15

65 to 74 years 388 13 66 17 10 55 14 10 25 6 9

75 and older 201 7 28 14 4 26 13 5 17 8 6

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 161 5 15 9 2 15 10 3 — — —

Non-Hispanic 2,880 95 667 23 98 550 19 97 270 9 100

RACE

White 2,864 94 650 23 95 535 19 95 266 9 98

African American 75 2 25 33 4 26 35 5 — — —

All Others 102 3 8 7 1 4 4 1 4 4 2

(continued on next page)
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 9

Table 15 Kentucky Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 369 12 74 20 11 48 13 9 38 10 14

$20,000 to $29,999 190 6 33 17 5 31 16 6 16 8 6

$30,000 to $39,999 222 7 65 29 10 42 19 7 31 14 11

$40,000 to $49,999 138 5 42 31 6 35 25 6 17 12 6

$50,000 to $74,999 645 21 194 30 28 164 25 29 86 13 32

$75,000 to $99,999 409 13 81 20 12 71 17 13 24 6 9

$100,000 to $149, 999 356 12 90 25 13 89 25 16 20 6 7

$150,000 or more 181 6 18 10 3 7 4 1 10 5 4

Not reported 530 17 85 16 12 78 15 14 30 6 11

EDUCATION

8 years or less 219 7 44 20 7 29 13 5 18 8 7

9 to 12 years 1,142 38 255 22 37 196 17 35 128 11 47

1 to 3 years of college 693 23 201 29 29 177 26 31 70 10 26

4 years or more 

of college

988 32 182 18 27 163 16 29 54 5 20

— No sample data 

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the 

activity named by the column (the percentage of the population living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under Sportspersons, Anglers, and Hunters show the 

percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 10

Table 22 Expenditures by Kentucky Residents for Fishing and Hunting Both In and Out of Kentucky: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

SPORTSPERSON

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF

SPENDERS

(thousands)

FISHING AND HUNTING 2,017,400 2,958 3,002 672

Food and lodging 251,928 369 500 504

Transportation 172,476 253 390 443

Other trip costs 2 251,709 369 532 473

Equipment (fishing, hunting) 382,748 561 754 508

Auxiliary equipment 3 137,966 202 737 187

Special equipment 4 202,213 296 4,713 43

Magazines, books, and DVDs 4,802 7 73 66

Membership dues/contributions 12,716 19 140 91

Other 5 600,842 881 1,173 512

FISHING 827,756 1,465 1,498 552

Food and lodging 198,570 351 461 431

Transportation 131,023 232 333 393

Other trip costs 2 223,506 396 470 475

Fishing equipment 143,743 254 319 451

Auxiliary equipment 3 12,572 22 213 59

Special equipment 4 76,679 136 2,563 30

Magazines, books, and DVDs 919 2 31 30

Membership dues/contributions 3,336 6 70 48

Other 5 37,408 66 98 382

HUNTING 845,281 3,131 3,131 270

Food and lodging 48,593 180 266 182

Transportation 37,103 137 234 158

Other trip costs 2 28,985 107 312 93

Hunting equipment 196,887 729 986 200

Auxiliary equipment 3 22,138 82 245 90

Special equipment 4 49,447 183 2,599 19

Magazines, books, and DVDs 2,652 10 90 30

Membership dues/contributions 4,008 15 170 24

Other 5 455,468 1,687 1,735 263

UNSPECIFIED 6 170,421 250 1,693 101

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).

3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair 

of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.

4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing, including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, 

pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).

6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.

NOTE: Individual estimates do not add to total because of multiple responses, nonreponse, the independent bridging of fishing and hunting participation, and the bridging of 

sportspersons participation relative to fishing participation.
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 11

Table 28 Kentucky Resident Wildlife Watchers Both In and Out of Kentucky: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS

DAYS OF 

PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# %

% 

Pop. # % # %

WILDLIFE WATCHERS 980 100 34 65,844 100 3,842 100

Away from home 370 38 13 9,733 15 3,842 100

Observe wildlife 342 35 12 6,453 10 x x

Photograph wildlife 229 23 8 4,513 7 x x

Feed wildlife 147 15 5 3,950 6 x x

Around the home 973 99 34 56,111 85 x x

Observe wildlife 636 65 22 45,069 68 x x

Photograph wildlife 401 41 14 6,877 10 x x

Feed wildlife 710 72 25 x x x x

Visit parks or natural areas 1 200 20 7 4,165 6 x x

Maintain plantings or natural areas 180 18 6 x x x x

x Not applicable 

1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the 

activity named by the column (the percentage of the population who observed wildlife away from home, etc.). Columns labeled “%” show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of wildlife watchers who observed wildlife away from home, etc.).
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 12

Table 30 Kentucky Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 2,857 100 980 34 100 370 13 100 973 34 100

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 1,836 64 639 35 65 221 12 60 639 35 66

Rural 1,021 36 341 33 35 149 15 40 334 33 34

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

2,233 78 747 33 76 260 12 70 741 33 76

1,000,000 or more 964 34 330 34 34 131 14 35 327 34 34

250,000 to 999.999 869 30 299 34 31 83 10 22 299 34 31

50,000 to 249,999 400 14 118 30 12 46 12 12 115 29 12

Outside MSA 624 22 232 37 24 110 18 30 232 37 24

SEX

Male 1,409 49 486 34 50 176 12 48 486 34 50

Female 1,448 51 493 34 50 194 13 52 487 34 50

AGE

16 to 17 years 59 2 27 45 3 8 13 2 27 45 3

18 to 24 years 496 17 157 32 16 58 12 16 157 32 16

25 to 34 years 296 10 79 27 8 38 13 10 79 27 8

35 to 44 years 420 15 163 39 17 33 8 9 163 39 17

45 to 54 years 570 20 196 34 20 126 22 34 193 34 20

55 to 64 years 541 19 191 35 19 78 14 21 187 35 19

65 years and older 473 17 167 35 17 29 6 8 167 35 17

65 to 74 years 243 9 76 31 8 18 7 5 76 31 8

75 and older 230 8 91 39 9 11 5 3 91 39 9

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 136 5 61 45 6 6 4 2 61 45 6

Non-Hispanic 2,721 95 919 34 94 364 13 98 912 34 94

RACE

White 2,597 91 863 33 88 352 14 95 856 33 88

African American 48 2 22 45 2 7 15 2 22 45 2

All Others 212 7 95 45 10 11 5 3 95 45 10

(continued on next page)
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 13

Table 30 Kentucky Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 424 15 184 43 19 117 28 32 184 43 19

$20,000 to $29,999 194 7 49 25 5 20 10 5 49 25 5

$30,000 to $39,999 260 9 108 41 11 20 8 5 108 41 11

$40,000 to $49,999 160 6 33 20 3 12 8 3 33 20 3

$50,000 to $74,999 605 21 227 37 23 120 20 32 223 37 23

$75,000 to $99,999 297 10 58 20 6 19 6 5 55 19 6

$100,000 to $149, 999 268 9 89 33 9 12 5 3 89 33 9

$150,000 or more 390 14 121 31 12 23 6 6 121 31 12

Not reported 259 9 111 43 11 27 10 7 111 43 11

EDUCATION

8 years or less 99 3 41 42 4 — — — 41 42 4

9 to 12 years 798 28 298 37 30 127 16 34 291 36 30

1 to 3 years of college 776 27 256 33 26 97 13 26 256 33 26

4 years or more 

of college

1,183 41 384 32 39 146 12 39 384 32 39

— No sample data 

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who 

participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the population living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under TOTAL, Away From 

Home, and Around the Home show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of those who lived in urban areas, etc.).
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 14

Table 33A Expenditures by Kentucky Residents for All Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Kentucky: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 1,573,664 1,606 2,255 698 71

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 666,138 680 2,077 321 33

Food and lodging 401,672 410 1,374 292 30

Food 184,102 188 630 292 30

Lodging 217,570 222 1,437 151 15

Transportation 161,385 165 521 310 32

Other trip costs 2 103,081 105 539 191 20

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 907,526 926 1,365 665 68

Wildlife-watching equipment 277,048 283 473 586 60

Binoculars, spotting scopes 7,710 8 87 89 9

Film and photo processing 4,155 4 77 54 5

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

90,512 92 537 168 17

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 67,997 69 269 253 26

Bird food 55,790 57 135 413 42

Food for other wildlife 31,043 32 128 242 25

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

17,683 18 61 291 30

Other equipment (including field guides) 2,157 2 26 83 9

Auxiliary equipment 3 178,842 183 722 248 25

Special equipment 4 105,018 107 3,485 30 3

Magazines, books, and DVDs 7,326 7 61 120 12

Membership dues and contributions 15,662 16 76 206 21

Land leasing and ownership 277,310 283 2,960 94 10

Plantings 46,321 47 319 145 15

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 15

Table 33B Expenditures by Kentucky Residents for Away-from-home Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Kentucky: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 638,922 1,727 2,051 312 84

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 591,811 1,600 1,900 312 84

Food and lodging 394,645 1,067 1,350 292 79

Food 163,753 443 560 292 79

Lodging 230,893 624 1,145 202 54

Transportation 150,717 407 484 312 84

Other trip costs 2 46,449 126 237 196 53

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 47,111 127 410 115 31

Wildlife-watching equipment 4,344 12 38 115 31

Binoculars, spotting scopes — — — — —

Film and photo processing 1,298 4 76 17 5

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

1,447 4 84 17 5

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 664 2 64 10 3

Bird food — — — — —

Food for other wildlife — — — — —

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

— — — — —

Other equipment (including field guides) 936 3 10 96 26

Auxiliary equipment 3 38,876 105 535 73 20

Special equipment 4 — — — — —

Magazines, books, and DVDs — — — — —

Membership dues and contributions 3,891 11 41 95 26

Land leasing and ownership — — — — —

Plantings — — — — —

— No sample data 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 16

Table 33C Expenditures by Kentucky Residents for Around-the-home Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Kentucky: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 617,064 634 1,111 556 57

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES x x x x x

Food and lodging x x x x x

Food x x x x x

Lodging x x x x x

Transportation x x x x x

Other trip costs 2 x x x x x

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 617,064 634 1,111 556 57

Wildlife-watching equipment 180,698 186 360 502 52

Binoculars, spotting scopes 3,947 4 56 71 7

Film and photo processing 135 0 19 7 1

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

26,907 28 242 111 11

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 42,396 44 227 187 19

Bird food 59,003 61 156 379 39

Food for other wildlife 28,144 29 125 226 23

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

19,204 20 66 290 30

Other equipment (including field guides) 960 1 81 12 1

Auxiliary equipment 3 115,730 119 1,255 92 9

Special equipment 4 13,530 14 914 15 2

Magazines, books, and DVDs 6,476 7 87 74 8

Membership dues and contributions 10,785 11 106 102 10

Land leasing and ownership 241,806 249 3,107 78 8

Plantings 48,039 49 325 148 15

— No sample data x Not applicable 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 17

Table 35 Kentucky Resident Wildlife Watchers Participating in Fishing or Hunting: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

# % # % # %

ALL WILDLIFE WATCHERS 980 100 370 100 973 100

Did not fish or hunt 614 63 187 51 614 63

Fished or hunted 366 37 183 49 359 37

Fished 330 34 173 47 323 33

Hunted 145 15 85 23 145 15

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Kentucky // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 18

Table 36 Kentucky Resident Sportspersons Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

# % # % # %

ALL SPORTSPERSONS 682 100 565 100 270 100

Did not watch wildlife 181 27 145 26 50 19

Watched wildlife 501 73 420 74 220 81

Away from home 311 46 269 48 153 57

Around the home 487 71 406 72 215 80

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 19

APPENDIX B: STANDARD ERRORS

The tables in Appendix B depict the standard errors, subject 

to rounding error, corresponding to the calibrated point 

estimates reported in the tables in Appendix A. Summary 

statistics reported in these calibrated tables are described 

below, by table.

Table 5

Fishing and hunting, participation, days, and trips

• Standard errors of total fishing participation and total 

hunting participation: product-type statistics derived using 

model point estimates and standard errors of percent 

participation in the population and survey point estimates 

and standard errors of total population based on adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR weights.

• Standard errors of total freshwater, freshwater except Great 

Lakes, Great Lakes, and saltwater fishing participation, 

total big game, small game, migratory birds, and other 

animals hunting participation: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of 

total fishing participation, point estimates and standard 

errors of total hunting participation, point estimates and 

standard errors of percent participation of freshwater, 

freshwater except Great Lakes, Great Lakes, and saltwater 

fishing in all fishing, and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent participation of big game, small game, 

migratory birds, and other animals hunting in all hunting 

(columns denoted by %).

• Standard errors of total fishing (all and subcategories) 

days/trips of participation and total hunting (all and 

subcategories) days/trips of participation: product-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total number of fishing (all and subcategories) 

participants, point estimates and standard errors of total 

number of hunting (all and subcategories) participants, 

and point estimates and standard errors of days/trips 

per participant (not displayed).

• Standard errors of percent participation (columns denoted 

by %): statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data 

from the fishing or hunting survey for the fishing and 

hunting sections, respectively.

Table 15

Fishing and hunting, demographics

• Standard errors of total population (all and subcategories): 

composite statistics constructed using 2-way composite 

factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final and 

replicate weights, using data from both the fishing and 

the hunting surveys.

• Standard errors of total number of anglers and total 

number of hunters: product-type statistics derived using 

model point estimates and standard errors for percent 

participation in the population (columns denoted by 

% Pop.) and survey point estimates and standard errors 

of total population based on adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final and replicate weights.

• Standard errors of total number of sportspersons: ratio-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard errors 

of total number of anglers and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent anglers in sportspersons (not displayed).

• Standard errors of total population, sportspersons, anglers, 

hunters, by demographics: product-type statistics, derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of total population, 

sportspersons, anglers, hunters participation, and point 

estimates and standard errors of percent demographicspecific participation in total participation (columns 

denoted by %).
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 20

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific population, 

sportspersons, anglers, hunters participation in total 

participation (columns denoted by %): composite statistics 

constructed using 2-way composite factors to adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the fishing and hunting surveys.

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific anglers 

and hunters participation in the total demographic-specific 

population (columns denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type 

statistics, derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total demographic-specific anglers and hunters 

participation and total demographic-specific population.

• Standard errors of percent total and demographicspecific sportspersons participation in the total and 

demographic-specif­ic population (column denoted 

by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using point 

estimates and standard errors of total population 

and sportspersons participation.

Table 22

Fishing and hunting, spenders and expenses

• Standard errors of total fishing and hunting expenditure 

(all and subcategories) amount, total fishing expenditure 

(all and subcategories) amount, total hunting expenditure 

(all and subcategories) amount, and total unspecified 

expenditure amount: product-type statistics derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of expenditure 

amount per participant (columns denoted by Average Per 

Sportsperson), and point estimates and standard errors 

of total sportspersons participation (all and subcategories), 

point estimates and standard errors of total anglers 

participation (all and subcategories), point estimates and 

standard errors of total hunters participation (all and 

subcategories) and point estimates and standard errors 

of total sportspersons participation, respectively.

• Standard errors of expenditure amount per participant 

(columns denoted by Average Per Sportsperson) and 

expenditure amount per spender (columns denoted by 

Average Per Spender):

> Fishing section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the fishing survey only.

> Hunting section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the hunting survey only.

> Fishing and hunting, and unspecified sections: except 

for some expenses and spenders noted in the table 

footnotes, these are composite statistics constructed 

using 2-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using 

data from the fishing and hunting surveys.

• Standard errors of total fishing and hunting (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders, total fishing (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders, total hunting (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders, and total unspecified 

number of spenders: product-type statistics derived using 

the point estimates and standard errors of percent spenders 

in total participation (not displayed), and point estimates 

and standard errors of total sportspersons participation 

(all and subcategories), point estimates and standard errors 

of total anglers participation (all and subcategories), point 

estimates and standard errors of total hunters participation 

(all and subcategories) and point estimates and standard 

errors of total sportspersons participation, respectively.

Table 28

Wildlife watching, participation, days, and trips

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching participation: 

product-type statistics derived using model point estimates 

and standard errors of percent participation in the population, 

and survey point estimates and standard errors of total 

population based on adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final and replicate weights.

• Standard errors of total away from home (all and subcategories) and around the home (all and subcategories) 

wildlife watching participation: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of 

total wildlife watching participation, point estimates and 

standard errors of percent participation of away from home 

(all and subcategories) and point estimates and standard 

errors of around the home (all and subcategories) wildlife 

watching in all wildlife watching (columns denoted by %).
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 21

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching (all and subcategories) days/trips of participation: product-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard errors 

of total number of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) 

participants and point estimates and standard errors of 

days/trips per participant (not displayed).

• Standard errors of percent participation (columns denoted 

by %): statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data 

from the wildlife watching survey.

• Standard errors of percent participation in the total 

population (column denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type 

statistics, derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total population from Table 30 and point estimates 

and standard errors of wildlife watching participation.

Table 30

Wildlife watching, demographics

• Standard errors of total population (all and subcategories): 

composite statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the wildlife watching survey. Note that the 

standard errors of total population estimates in Tables 15 

and 30 differ due to demographic harmonization without 

state targets estimated from the National Survey of FHWAR 

(information not available); see Rockville Institute (2020) 

for more details about the demographic harmonization.

• Standard errors of total number of wildlife watchers: 

product-type statistics derived using model point 

estimates and standard errors of percent participation in 

the population (columns denoted by % Pop.) and survey 

standard error of total population based on adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights.

• Standard errors of total number of away from home or 

around the home wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of 

total number of wildlife watchers and point estimates and 

standard errors of percent away from home or around the 

home wildlife watchers in all wildlife watchers (columns 

denoted by % Pop. in Table 35).

• Standard errors of total population, wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home, by demographics: 

product-type statistics, derived using point estimates 

and standard errors of total population, wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home participation and point 

estimates and standard errors of percent demographicspecific participation in total participation (columns 

denoted by %).

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific population, 

wildlife watchers, away from home, around the home 

participation in total participation (columns denoted 

by %): composite statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the wildlife watching survey.

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific wildlife 

watchers in the total demographic-specific population 

(column denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of total 

demographic-specific wildlife watchers participation 

and point estimates and standard errors of total 

demographic-specific population.

• Standard errors of percent total and demographic-specific 

away from home and around the home participation in 

the total and demographic-specif­ic population (columns 

denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using point 

estimates and standard errors of total population and away 

from home and around the home participation, respectively.

Table 33

Wildlife watching, spenders and expenditures — three 

versions for all wildlife watchers, away from home wildlife 

watchers, and around the home wildlife watchers

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching expenditure (all 

and subcategories) amount: product-type statistics derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of total number 

of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) participants 

and point estimates and standard errors of expenditure 

amount per participant (columns denoted by Average 

Per Wildlife Watcher).
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 22

• Standard errors or expenditure amount per participant 

(columns denoted by Average Per Wildlife Watcher) 

and expenditure amount per spender (columns denoted 

by Average Per Spender): statistics constructed using 

full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate 

weights, using data from the wildlife watching 

survey only.

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders: product-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total number of wildlife watching (all and 

subcategories) participants and point estimates and 

standard errors of the percent spenders in total 

participation (columns denoted by Percent of 

Wildlife Watchers).

• Standard errors of percent spenders in total participation 

(columns denoted by Percent of Wildlife Watchers): 

statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data from 

the wildlife watching survey only.

Table 35

Wildlife watchers participating in fishing and hunting

• Standard errors of total number of wildlife watchers: 

product-type statistics derived using model point estimates 

and standard errors of percent participation in the population 

(columns denoted by % Pop. in Table 30) and survey point 

estimates and standard errors of total population based 

on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate 

weights (displayed in Table 30).

• Standard errors of total number of away from home or 

around the home wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of total 

number of wildlife watchers and point estimates and 

standard errors of percent away from home or around 

the home wildlife watchers in all wildlife watchers 

(columns not displayed).

• Standard errors of total number of wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home who did not fish 

or hunt, fished or hunted, fished, hunted: product-type 

statistics, derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total number of wildlife watchers and point 

estimates and standard errors of percent sportspersonspecific category in the corresponding total participation 

(columns denoted by %).

• Standard errors or percent sportsperson-specific category 

in the corresponding total participation (columns denoted 

by %): statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data 

from the wildlife watching survey.

Table 36

Sportspersons participating in wildlife watching

• Standard errors of total number of sportspersons: ratio-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard errors 

of total number of anglers and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent anglers in sportspersons (not displayed).

• Standard errors of total number of anglers or total number 

of hunters: product-type statistics derived using model 

point estimates and standard errors of percent participation 

in the population (columns denoted by % Pop. in Table 15) 

and survey point estimates and standard errors of total 

population based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR 

weights (displayed in Table 15).

• Standard errors of total number of sportspersons, anglers, 

or hunters who did not wildlife watch, wildlife watch, 

wildlife watch away from home, wildlife watch around the 

home: product-type statistics, derived using point estimates 

and standard errors of total number of sportspersons, 

anglers, or hunters and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent wildlife watcher-specific category in the 

corresponding total participation (columns denoted by %).

• Standard errors of percent wildlife watcher-specific 

category in the corresponding total participation (columns 

denoted by %): composite statistics constructed using 

3-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data from the 

fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching surveys.
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 23

Table 5 SE Standard Errors of Kentucky Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation and Trips in the United States, 

by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2016 

(Population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS DAYS OF PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# % # % # %

ALL FISHING 97.24 0.00 3,116.57 0.00 2,329.48 0.00

All freshwater 95.27 1.72 3,117.13 0.30 2,333.38 0.27

Freshwater, except Great Lakes 95.27 1.72 2,829.81 6.45 2,286.74 1.94

Great Lakes 37.43 6.59 681.55 6.54 149.70 1.97

Saltwater 11.60 1.99 31.27 0.30 21.70 0.27

ALL HUNTING 55.15 0.00 3,851.35 0.00 3,323.68 0.00

Big game 49.48 5.76 941.41 23.65 710.23 15.93

Small game 35.24 7.78 1,886.20 8.60 906.52 3.10

Migratory birds 21.26 7.24 298.89 4.24 329.95 5.32

Other animals 22.61 7.08 1,826.93 15.42 1,836.63 18.47
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 24

Table 15 SE Standard Errors of Kentucky Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 126.58 0.00 120.43 4.07 0.00 97.24 3.11 0.00 55.15 1.78 0.00

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 153.94 4.07 76.10 4.34 6.30 66.94 3.83 6.58 32.66 1.82 7.99

Rural 127.40 4.07 71.08 6.85 6.30 55.15 5.26 6.58 36.89 3.47 7.99

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

138.07 2.86 87.65 4.07 5.11 75.11 3.50 5.63 41.15 1.89 6.91

1,000,000 or more 128.22 3.65 52.36 4.96 5.26 49.98 4.77 5.94 26.08 2.36 7.87

250,000 to 999,999 93.73 2.98 20.51 5.25 2.59 19.73 4.91 3.15 12.64 3.04 4.23

50,000 to 249,999 88.84 2.90 47.54 8.40 5.35 38.15 6.60 5.64 22.19 3.85 6.10

Outside MSA 87.74 2.86 52.52 7.45 5.11 42.66 5.96 5.63 25.85 3.54 6.91

SEX

Male 104.21 2.66 85.45 5.80 4.52 68.63 4.66 5.01 41.27 2.76 6.16

Female 101.05 2.66 50.63 3.59 4.52 44.37 3.14 5.01 23.71 1.65 6.16

AGE

16 to 17 years 48.68 1.60 27.61 24.82 3.81 27.86 24.99 4.66 11.60 9.66 4.13

18 to 24 years 73.28 2.38 25.06 10.52 3.18 21.66 8.73 3.48 14.77 5.87 4.82

25 to 34 years 84.74 2.80 39.44 10.31 4.93 35.19 8.93 5.59 17.62 4.52 5.42

35 to 44 years 101.53 3.22 31.08 7.90 3.74 26.21 6.46 4.01 14.47 3.44 4.61

45 to 54 years 79.52 2.54 29.66 6.80 3.46 27.30 6.15 4.07 11.77 2.65 3.36

55 to 64 years 75.81 2.33 32.34 6.09 3.52 29.96 5.54 4.30 14.84 2.70 4.32

65 years and older 80.53 2.49 24.81 4.75 2.74 23.27 4.38 3.35 13.70 2.52 4.08

65 to 74 years 69.43 2.21 18.86 5.73 2.20 17.96 5.26 2.75 8.74 2.52 2.69

75 and older 46.77 1.51 12.59 7.08 1.72 12.31 6.87 2.05 9.19 4.97 3.23

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 68.22 2.17 14.32 9.74 2.10 15.03 10.21 2.66 — — —

Non-Hispanic 115.80 2.17 118.67 4.22 2.10 95.73 3.41 2.66 55.15 1.95 0.00

RACE

White 125.90 1.57 115.40 4.15 1.88 92.96 3.35 2.38 54.35 1.94 0.90

African American 25.14 0.83 12.82 20.43 1.79 13.44 21.40 2.28 — — —

All Others 41.01 1.33 4.03 4.94 0.57 3.34 3.70 0.58 2.53 2.96 0.90

(continued on next page)
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 25

Table 15 SE Standard Errors of Kentucky Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 75.00 2.47 25.54 8.04 3.27 17.12 5.35 2.69 15.82 4.76 5.24

$20,000 to $29,999 58.49 1.95 12.55 8.51 1.66 12.51 8.31 2.03 6.94 4.47 2.32

$30,000 to $39,999 55.12 1.83 24.00 13.01 3.14 17.09 9.00 2.78 13.97 7.16 4.72

$40,000 to $49,999 38.40 1.26 17.37 15.26 2.34 16.48 13.93 2.76 6.80 5.98 2.23

$50,000 to $74,999 98.09 3.27 49.43 8.92 5.30 43.21 7.73 5.89 27.00 4.65 7.76

$75,000 to $99,999 86.48 2.82 26.68 7.75 3.36 24.17 6.96 3.75 10.84 2.93 3.66

$100,000 to $149, 999 93.55 3.05 36.60 12.22 4.91 37.07 12.29 6.07 7.59 2.58 2.43

$150,000 or more 59.25 1.91 9.85 6.34 1.39 3.94 2.50 0.68 7.17 4.31 2.61

Not reported 119.92 3.57 30.84 6.84 4.02 30.93 6.72 5.00 12.40 2.66 4.08

EDUCATION

8 years or less 60.32 1.94 23.00 11.92 3.22 20.33 10.00 3.54 9.94 5.11 3.48

9 to 12 years 94.98 3.06 56.13 5.25 5.00 45.39 4.22 5.45 32.56 3.00 7.39

1 to 3 years of college 92.28 2.90 47.97 7.93 4.82 43.91 7.20 5.68 20.50 3.25 5.57

4 years or more 

of college

122.75 3.61 49.02 5.47 5.51 43.25 4.83 5.93 21.85 2.31 7.13

— No sample data 

NOTE: Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the population living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under Sportspersons, Anglers, and Hunters show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described 

by the row heading (the percentage of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 26

Table 22 SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Kentucky Residents for Fishing and Hunting Both In and Out of Kentucky: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

SPORTSPERSON

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF

SPENDERS

(thousands)

FISHING AND HUNTING 569,382.53 661.64 658.29 128.89

Food and lodging 83,725.37 105.65 127.16 104.43

Transportation 61,929.53 80.32 105.00 92.10

Other trip costs 2 110,608.66 150.87 205.77 100.39

Equipment (fishing, hunting) 110,012.51 129.30 169.38 102.04

Auxiliary equipment 3 88,397.25 126.57 450.87 43.48

Special equipment 4 94,759.69 130.75 2,178.48 16.88

Magazines, books, and DVDs 2,209.74 3.04 18.43 23.47

Membership dues/contributions 5,833.31 8.02 42.18 28.30

Other 5 344,710.70 488.54 659.48 103.98

FISHING 267,566.47 406.93 415.07 95.54

Food and lodging 74,788.45 119.52 144.29 85.40

Transportation 55,917.53 91.93 117.84 78.77

Other trip costs 2 105,917.18 177.30 205.27 85.76

Fishing equipment 42,262.96 61.56 75.45 83.12

Auxiliary equipment 3 6,344.01 10.71 56.06 22.43

Special equipment 4 41,796.38 71.25 2,033.16 16.54

Magazines, books, and DVDs 461.65 0.78 9.17 13.70

Membership dues/contributions 2,032.39 3.50 36.44 20.47

Other 5 14,119.98 22.58 33.90 77.08

HUNTING 347,151.92 1,139.49 1,139.49 55.15

Food and lodging 15,515.95 45.12 61.65 42.15

Transportation 14,620.73 47.31 70.85 38.98

Other trip costs 2 13,795.38 47.14 122.38 29.19

Hunting equipment 68,784.28 211.13 288.08 44.48

Auxiliary equipment 3 7,393.69 22.13 38.20 26.22

Special equipment 4 38,601.98 140.96 2,114.85 11.20

Magazines, books, and DVDs 1,665.54 5.96 26.73 15.24

Membership dues/contributions 3,650.00 13.46 151.12 13.67

Other 5 283,634.32 1,013.75 1,040.62 53.97

UNSPECIFIED 6 104,977.17 149.81 988.65 28.30

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).

3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair 

of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.

4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing, including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, 

pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).

6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 27

Table 28 SE Standard Errors of Kentucky Resident Wildlife Watchers Both In and Out of Kentucky: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS

DAYS OF 

PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# %

% 

Pop. # % # %

WILDLIFE WATCHERS 100.52 0.00 2.98 12,577.56 0.00 1,060.20 0.00

Away from home 70.81 6.13 2.58 3,108.03 4.08 1,155.65 0.00

Observe wildlife 68.54 6.04 2.49 1,814.53 2.40 x x

Photograph wildlife 59.79 5.64 2.14 2,121.10 2.96 x x

Feed wildlife 36.91 3.46 1.32 2,053.39 2.82 x x

Around the home 99.97 0.52 3.97 11,270.88 4.08 x x

Observe wildlife 96.15 7.24 3.58 10,150.15 6.83 x x

Photograph wildlife 73.49 6.25 2.69 2,326.91 2.76 x x

Feed wildlife 92.03 5.77 3.50 x x x x

Visit parks or natural areas 1 46.15 4.24 1.66 2,046.56 2.86 x x

Maintain plantings or natural areas 57.28 5.56 2.03 x x x x

x Not applicable 

1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.

NOTE: Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the 

population who observed wildlife away from home, etc.). Columns labeled “%” show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the 

percentage of wildlife watchers who observed wildlife away from home, etc.).
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 28

Table 30 SE Standard Errors of Kentucky Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 157.06 0.00 100.52 2.98 0.00 70.81 2.58 0.00 99.97 3.97 0.00

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 197.56 5.64 90.32 6.18 6.38 55.31 3.28 9.83 90.21 6.18 6.39

Rural 165.59 5.64 71.28 8.84 6.38 45.71 5.07 9.83 70.75 8.73 6.39

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

171.10 3.65 88.17 4.71 4.46 58.15 2.75 8.27 87.71 4.68 4.50

1,000,000 or more 165.68 5.28 69.60 9.31 6.24 43.64 5.09 9.83 69.49 9.26 6.29

250,000 to 999.999 155.03 5.20 69.62 10.10 6.42 34.10 4.28 8.31 69.62 10.10 6.46

50,000 to 249,999 93.42 3.19 36.16 11.37 3.50 23.30 6.41 5.94 35.94 11.22 3.51

Outside MSA 105.48 3.65 49.59 10.14 4.46 36.67 6.59 8.27 49.69 10.16 4.50

SEX

Male 136.79 3.69 68.25 5.89 4.78 47.94 3.61 9.40 68.08 5.88 4.78

Female 125.42 3.69 68.80 5.59 4.78 50.43 3.67 9.40 68.13 5.53 4.78

AGE

16 to 17 years 48.65 1.70 22.04 52.47 2.24 8.44 17.83 2.29 22.05 52.48 2.26

18 to 24 years 178.10 5.88 71.53 18.35 7.15 40.68 9.22 10.77 71.59 18.36 7.21

25 to 34 years 93.44 3.38 36.81 15.02 3.68 25.58 9.52 6.76 36.83 15.02 3.71

35 to 44 years 149.02 5.20 65.08 20.70 6.45 22.50 6.04 5.94 65.04 20.69 6.49

45 to 54 years 96.96 3.33 42.74 9.50 3.87 39.52 7.88 8.61 42.50 9.42 3.88

55 to 64 years 93.81 3.12 41.71 9.84 3.78 24.65 5.19 5.41 41.37 9.72 3.78

65 years and older 87.56 2.94 38.24 10.37 3.51 12.66 2.90 3.13 38.18 10.36 3.53

65 to 74 years 57.90 2.02 22.94 12.01 2.21 9.89 4.43 2.55 22.94 12.01 2.23

75 and older 71.17 2.43 30.38 17.95 2.97 6.78 3.29 1.78 30.34 17.94 2.98

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 101.24 3.50 45.13 47.11 4.59 6.14 5.55 1.66 45.14 47.11 4.62

Non-Hispanic 158.18 3.50 104.32 4.31 4.59 69.95 2.69 1.66 103.82 4.28 4.62

RACE

White 172.09 4.29 103.70 4.56 5.54 68.67 2.79 3.74 103.20 4.54 5.58

African American 35.66 1.24 15.97 47.00 1.62 7.36 18.76 1.99 15.97 47.00 1.63

All Others 119.72 4.13 53.12 35.59 5.36 11.73 6.28 3.18 53.11 35.59 5.39

(continued on next page)
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 29

Table 30 SE Standard Errors of Kentucky Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 137.43 4.76 61.92 20.30 6.05 45.38 13.97 10.86 61.95 20.31 6.10

$20,000 to $29,999 66.39 2.33 16.38 12.13 1.60 12.12 7.18 3.17 16.38 12.13 1.61

$30,000 to $39,999 89.63 3.15 40.00 20.97 3.94 13.40 5.77 3.54 39.97 20.96 3.97

$40,000 to $49,999 60.09 2.16 16.45 12.83 1.65 9.45 6.54 2.52 16.45 12.83 1.66

$50,000 to $74,999 125.28 4.13 55.08 11.95 5.12 40.82 7.89 9.30 54.80 11.84 5.14

$75,000 to $99,999 100.36 3.49 19.64 9.37 1.92 11.66 4.50 3.05 19.19 9.03 1.89

$100,000 to $149, 999 103.33 3.61 40.82 19.84 4.08 9.66 4.02 2.58 40.83 19.84 4.11

$150,000 or more 141.50 4.76 55.15 18.03 5.52 13.63 4.09 3.56 55.14 18.03 5.55

Not reported 93.87 3.17 42.74 22.74 4.23 13.72 6.49 3.50 42.78 22.75 4.26

EDUCATION

8 years or less 65.02 2.25 29.07 40.08 2.95 — — — 29.07 40.07 2.97

9 to 12 years 123.40 4.09 57.95 9.27 5.05 41.48 5.75 9.25 57.23 9.12 5.04

1 to 3 years of college 130.66 4.11 51.30 8.63 4.52 34.47 4.92 7.99 51.31 8.63 4.55

4 years or more 

of college

144.00 4.84 68.91 7.04 5.80 49.07 4.41 11.12 68.82 7.03 5.82

— No sample data 

NOTE: Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the 

population living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under TOTAL, Away From Home, and Around the Home show the percentage of each column’s 

participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of those who lived in urban areas, etc.).
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 30

Table 33A SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Kentucky Residents for All Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Kentucky: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 392,498.18 367.13 466.13 91.72 5.88

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 210,730.65 204.57 595.08 66.14 5.89

Food and lodging 149,106.65 147.06 484.24 64.29 5.84

Food 59,656.65 58.07 184.08 64.29 5.84

Lodging 92,561.01 92.19 550.08 40.85 3.88

Transportation 46,866.17 44.99 112.16 64.95 5.81

Other trip costs 2 54,793.99 55.17 296.84 55.53 5.33

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 279,296.60 270.22 365.01 88.72 5.82

Wildlife-watching equipment 87,313.50 84.72 127.28 85.21 6.20

Binoculars, spotting scopes 3,254.97 3.24 37.10 45.16 4.54

Film and photo processing 2,181.15 2.20 34.00 21.82 2.17

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

46,546.25 46.81 141.76 61.71 6.08

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 24,953.67 24.59 80.22 63.61 5.96

Bird food 14,023.12 13.14 22.91 80.71 7.05

Food for other wildlife 10,728.32 10.51 28.11 61.03 5.72

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

4,914.50 4.69 13.19 71.59 6.68

Other equipment (including field guides) 1,086.76 1.09 8.11 43.71 4.40

Auxiliary equipment 3 94,363.48 94.99 327.36 64.15 6.04

Special equipment 4 82,142.63 83.57 2,196.88 15.27 1.54

Magazines, books, and DVDs 4,878.00 4.95 20.47 61.58 6.19

Membership dues and contributions 5,151.94 5.02 16.79 62.74 6.06

Land leasing and ownership 183,716.93 186.26 1,130.38 46.53 4.67

Plantings 24,024.70 24.17 150.01 56.20 5.56

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 31

Table 33B SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Kentucky Residents for Away-from-home Wildlife Watching 

Both In and Out of Kentucky: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 201,031.75 439.38 520.01 66.79 8.29

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 209,409.78 485.01 595.90 66.79 8.29

Food and lodging 164,069.31 401.07 542.27 65.42 9.33

Food 65,188.95 157.40 209.46 65.42 9.33

Lodging 101,485.93 251.57 317.33 74.05 17.40

Transportation 39,298.14 73.49 77.10 66.79 8.29

Other trip costs 2 25,603.92 66.12 161.73 70.73 16.52

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 42,250.56 113.66 283.43 71.92 18.86

Wildlife-watching equipment 2,484.99 6.45 51.68 71.92 18.86

Binoculars, spotting scopes — — — — —

Film and photo processing 1,086.49 2.91 53.32 13.32 3.55

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

1,332.38 3.59 88.86 13.32 3.55

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 701.07 1.90 0.00 10.87 2.94

Bird food — — — — —

Food for other wildlife — — — — —

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

— — — — —

Other equipment (including field guides) 740.48 1.98 1.35 73.83 19.69

Auxiliary equipment 3 40,501.81 109.63 0.00 75.70 20.49

Special equipment 4 — — — — —

Magazines, books, and DVDs — — — — —

Membership dues and contributions 2,226.09 5.78 51.57 73.46 19.59

Land leasing and ownership — — — — —

Plantings — — — — —

— No sample data 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 32

Table 33C SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Kentucky Residents for Around-the-home Wildlife Watching 

Both In and Out of Kentucky: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 305,013.23 308.28 483.36 94.26 7.75

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES x x x x x

Food and lodging x x x x x

Food x x x x x

Lodging x x x x x

Transportation x x x x x

Other trip costs 2 x x x x x

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 305,013.23 308.28 483.36 94.26 7.75

Wildlife-watching equipment 77,388.56 77.63 132.60 91.23 7.78

Binoculars, spotting scopes 3,326.56 3.41 42.95 65.79 6.76

Film and photo processing 96.91 0.10 32.31 5.86 0.60

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

19,867.86 20.33 74.76 67.59 6.88

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 32,157.49 32.92 164.72 80.68 8.10

Bird food 18,635.18 18.21 36.93 88.60 8.22

Food for other wildlife 12,927.64 13.02 32.55 78.68 7.77

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

6,644.99 6.56 18.37 83.88 8.10

Other equipment (including field guides) 966.27 0.99 62.29 10.12 1.04

Auxiliary equipment 3 117,937.05 121.24 1,147.78 65.87 6.74

Special equipment 4 11,508.45 11.80 745.59 9.66 0.99

Magazines, books, and DVDs 6,561.43 6.74 65.08 65.88 6.76

Membership dues and contributions 7,110.20 7.26 25.80 67.15 6.85

Land leasing and ownership 252,586.98 259.73 2,996.47 65.08 6.67

Plantings 31,595.08 32.25 191.55 67.39 6.78

— No sample data x Not applicable 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 33

Table 35 SE Standard Errors of Kentucky Resident Wildlife Watchers Participating in Fishing or Hunting: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

# % # % # %

ALL WILDLIFE WATCHERS 100.52 0.00 70.81 0.00 99.97 0.00

Did not fish or hunt 89.53 6.53 50.95 9.98 89.56 6.57

Fished or hunted 73.86 6.53 50.37 9.98 73.51 6.57

Fished 70.79 6.38 48.92 9.92 70.46 6.42

Hunted 38.04 3.59 30.69 7.16 38.05 3.62
 Kentucky // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 34

Table 36 SE Standard Errors of Kentucky Resident Sportspersons Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

# % # % # %

ALL SPORTSPERSONS 120.43 0.00 97.24 0.00 55.15 0.00

Did not watch wildlife 41.04 3.84 34.52 4.29 15.71 4.50

Watched wildlife 92.15 3.84 76.15 4.29 46.45 4.50

Away from home 63.65 4.82 56.50 5.84 35.38 6.31

Around the home 89.95 3.95 74.01 4.40 45.56 4.57