NBSiR 82-2498

Solar Availability in Cities and

Towns:

A Computer Model

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Building Technology

Washington, DC 20234

March 1 982

100

.056

82 -2^98

1982

c. 2

Sponsored by

Passive and Hybrid Soiar Energy Division

Office of Solar Heat Technologies

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

NBSIR 82-2498

SOLAR AVAILABILITY IN CITIES AND

TOWNS:

A Computer Model

national bubbau

or STANDABUI

libsakt

MAY 2 5 1982

tl d r r — .2', C-/0O

. C L

Kalev Ruberg

Research Associate

U S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Building Technology

Washington, DC 20234

March 1 982

Sponsored by

Passive and Hybrid Solar Energy Division

Office of Solar Heat Technologies

U.S. Department of Energy

Washington, DC 20585

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler. Director

ABSTRACT

An interactive computer program, SOLITE, has been written to determine the incident

solar radiation on urban building surfaces, street surfaces and rooms facing urban

street canyons. Hourly weather data and surface descriptors are interactively entered

by the user. Solar radiation data are calculated with NOAA weather tape (TMY or TRY) cloud data using the Kimura/Stephenson cloud cover algorithm. SOLITE also

calculates solar radiation transmission through user specified glazing assemblies.

Shadows cast by surrounding buildings and overhangs are computed, as are the

interreflection effects in street canyons. In addition, internal heat gains from

occupants and lighting, and daylight availability on the workplane of a room are

calculated. Output options in^ude weather data summaries, incident insolation,

occupant heat gain in rooms and useable hours of daylight in a room with a given

occupancy. Either hourly or daily values may be specified as output.

Key words: solar access, glazing transmission, shading algorithms, daylighting, urban

solar application, solar radiation data.

1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my gratitude to the many people who have aided in the

realization of this computer model. Gary Gillette has kindly consented to the use of

his daylighting algorithms in this model. Lawrence E. Flynn has done much of the

solar ^gorithm support analysis. S. Robert Hastings , Dr. Edward A. Arens and Dr.

Francis T. Ventre have been very helpful in guiding the research of this report. Frank

Deserio is thanked for his far-sighted appreciation of the potential of urban passive

solar design and for his sponsorship through the SOLAR CITIES program at the U.S.

Department of Energy.

11
CONVERSION FACTORS FROM METRIC TO ENGLISH UNITS

Physical To Convert To Multiply

Characteristics From By

Length m ft 3.28

Area m2 ft2 10.76

Velocity ms“l mph 2.24

Temperature OC OF tf = 1 .8t^+ 32

Temperature difference OC OF 1.8

Energy J BTU 0.948 X 10-3

Power W BTU hr-1 3.41

Power per unit area W m-2 BTU hr- ifr

2

0.317

U-value W m-2oc BTU hr-lfr2oF-l 0.176

Thermal resistance m2oc W-1 hrft2op BTU-i 5.678

Pressure kPa in Hg 0.296

1 Gigajoule (GJ) = 10^: = 0.948 BTU x 10^

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 1

1. SOLAR ENERGY USE AND SOLAR AVAILABILITY

IN CITIES 2

1.1 Solar Access and Zoning 2

1.2 Solar Access Model Requirements 7

2. A SOLAR AVAILABILITY PROGRAM 8

2.1 A Solar Availability Algorithm 8

3. SOLITE: PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 1

3

3.1 Preparation for Running SOLITE 15

3.2 Running SOLITE 18

3.3 Output from SOLITE Runs 36

4. IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLITE 51

4.1 Use of the Program for Research 51

4.2 Example of Algorithm Use:

Daylighting in an Urban Area 51

5. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK 64

5.1 Limitations 64

5.2 Future Work 65

APPENDIX A: Algorithm Descriptions 67

A.l Input Data Processing 67

A. 2 Solar Radiation Calculations 7 3 A. 3 Surface Position and

Context Dependency of Insolation 84

A. 4 Glazing Transmission 99

A.5 Output 112

APPENDIX B: Internal Gains 1 1

3

B. l Hourly Profiles 113

B.2 Maximum Heat Gain 116

APPENDIX C: Daylighting Calculation 122

iv
Table of Contents cont'd...

Page

APPENDIX D: SOLITE Program Listings 124

APPENDIX E; DALITE Program Listings 197

APPENDIX F; NBSLD Decode Algorithm 210

DOE-2 Decode Algorithm 213

APPENDIX G: Graphic Building Shadow

Calculation Program 216

REFERENCES 224

V
INTRODUCTION

Computer models of solar availability are necessary for local solar access zoning,

computer simulation of thermal behavior and analysis of building daylighting potential.

An algorithm named SOLITE, developed at the Center for Building Technology,

National Bureau of Standards, accesses hourly weather data from files created from

the Nationcd Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) computer tapes. It calculates the solar access of and the solar radiation gain on a surface described by

the program's user. Surface descriptions and position indicators are entered by the

user in response to program generated queries. Although initially conceived for use by

planners and designers for solar access assessment, the program has not seen sufficient use for confident application by computer neophytes. At present, SOLITE is suitable

for use by research personnel for parametric studies of urban grid layouts, and the

effect of these layouts on solar radiation gain and daylighting in rooms fronting on

street canyons.

SOLITE is a program designed to provide solar gain and dayiighting data for surfaces

and rooms in an urban environment. "Surfaces" are building components with no

associated occupants. Examples are windows, exterior walls, Trombe walls and solar

collectors. "Rooms" on the other hand, are associated with occupants and internal

gains from lights. Computations performed by SOLITE include calculations of internal

gains and daylighting availability in the room, but do not include thermal performance

calculations. Descriptors of the environment around a surface or room are simplified.

Street canyons comprise a series of blocks around the area of analysis, with each block

having a common height throughout. With proper answers to SOLITE's queries, the

user may;

• create hourly solar radiation data files from weather files containing only cloud

data.

• determine solar radiation on a window or street canyon surface.

• determine the absorbed radiation in a particular glazing assembly. The glazing

assembly may comprise many materials and fluids and the user has the option of

determining the solar gain in a particular layer of that assembly.

• determine the solar gain through a glazing assembly in a room facing the street

canyon.

• calculate the internal gains in a specified room from lights, people and

appliances (for thermal network analysis) .

• calculate the daylight levels in a room at three points on a workplane extending

from the window to the rear of the room.

• find the number of useable daylight hours per day in the room based on the

calculated daylight levels, simplified glare parameters, and occupancy hours.

As a planning tool for solar access, the computer model SOLITE was meant to

interface with thermal analysis programs. With both solar availability analysis and

thermal analysis, the solar use potential of an urban area may be estimated and

scientifically based legal covenants may be described.

1
1.

SOLAR ENERGY USE AND SOLAR AVAILABILITY IN CITIES

The prediction of solar radiation availability in urban areas is necessary for the future

energy planning process in cities Cl]. Solar availability data for specified surfaces in

the urban geometry are required for zoning of solar access, for building energy use

analysis, and for the analysis of daylighting potential in urban environments.

1.1 SOLAR ACCESS AND ZONING

Zoning ordinances in cities govern the location, bulk, height, shape, use, population

density, and land coverage of structures within defined boundaries. The purposes of

the zoning ordinance are to:

1. encourage appropriate land use,

2. prevent overcrowding of land,

3. conserve land value,

4. lessen traffic congestion,

5. prevent population concentrations,

6. provide for light,

7. reduce fire hazard and related dangers, and

8. assist in the provision of public services for health and sanitation.

These ordinances are prescribed to preserve a town's amenities and they affect the

policies underlying the master plan [2l. The master plan further affects the physical

shape of the city as well as the physical shape of buildings. Zoning ordinances may be

used to protect solar access to buildings in order to allow implementation of solar

heating devices or passive strategies, and to make use of insolation for daylighting.

Although the zoning ordinance provides a suitable legal vehicle in urban areas for

guaranteeing solar opportunities, for the practical application of the law [3] a firm,

quantitative basis for evaluating solar access is required . Optimum solar access zoning envelope configurations are a function of the

applicability of solar technology to meet a zone's energy use requirement. A zone's

energy use is the summation of the energy consumed by the buildings in that zone, and

since segregated use zoning is prevalent in American cities, [4] a "typical" model

building may be used to define the energy consumption of the zone [5]. However, due

to changes in zoning codes, building codes and building technology, wide variations

may occur within a zone over the lifetime of the city. It is therefore necessary to

define a block or conglomerate of buildings that describe the variation [6] . An

example of a zone with a single representative building is illustrated in the neighborhood commercial strip of Fig. i.i. All of the buildings in the area shown by the map

are triple story brick buildings with retail establishments on the ground floor and

unheated stock rooms above. The energy requirements of a zone's buildings may be

determined from thermal analysis computations using DOE-2 [7l, BLAST [8] or DEROB

[9].‘

1. SOLITE may be used to generate data for a node/network analysis program used

for thermal analysis.

2
Fig. 1.1 A site plan of a commercial area in

the Cross Street area

of Baltimore MD. is shown in the top diagram. Buildings shaded

in black represent similiar types of buildings.

The homogeneous physical character of the

neighborhood, permits

the estimation of the

urban zone's energy

requirements and solar access characteristics

by the analysis of the

representative building

shown in the outline.

Building orientation and

block lengths may be

changed to ac- commodate the variety

of building contexts

found on the block.

3
Results from thermal analyses will indicate a prioritized list of solar requirements for a building. If a building or group of buildings requires more heating than cooling,

maximum exposure is desired on the south zoned building plane. Parametric analysis

of street widths, building heights, block lengths and cross street widths (assuming a

grid-iron pattern) will produce a most significant variable. Multiple runs with the

above parameters will yield a series of curves for solar availability at each building

face. If cooling is the main concern, building facades should receive minimum

radiation during the cooling months. Street widths should be reduced, and the color of

building and street surfaces should be light. If daylighting is required, then light

colored street canyon surfaces will increase the daylighting potential in rooms fronting

the street (see Section 4.2).

A strategy to delineate solar access envelopes Includes:

1. identification of a typical building type (or types) for the zone,

2. analysis of the solar availability emd internal gains of the existing building in the

existing environment,

3. computation of the thermal energy requirements and lighting energy requirements for the typical building,

4. identification of major thermal and lighting loads that could be displaced by the

application of solar technologies,

5. parametric analysis of street widths, block heights and lengths, street canyon

reflectances, and street orientations to determine significant physical

characteristics,

6. analysis of daylighting and solcir gain over a range of the significant physical

charactersitics, and

7. development of curves indicating the relationship between solar gain and the

physical construct of the street canyon.

Bold items listed in the above strategy access SOLITE. The strategy is graphically

illustrated in Fig. 1.2.

When a solar access envelope has been identified, the actual technological response for

the building may be qualitatively determined from overlays of the solar availability

and the building load during 24 hour periods. An example of this technique is shown in

Fig. 1.3. A similiar technique using solar availability and building load has been

proposed by Booze, Allen, Hamilton [10].

The quantity of solar radiation striking a building plane in an urban setting is a function of its physical surrounds as well as climate. Buildings cast shadows and

reflect solar radiation. The urban atmosphere contains particulates and aerosols not

typically found over suburban or rural solar measurement sites, and in urban areas

relatively small distances cause large differences in microclimate [11]. Small local

variations of solar radiation within a city are not determined by SOLITE 2 since the

radiation data are calculated on the basis of hourly weather tapes for a particular

2. Dr. Edward A. Arens is developing a code for the precise analysis of climatic

variations over areas the size of city blocks. This algorithm is being developed

at the University of California, Berkeley. Solar radiation is modified by changes

of cloud cover calculated for a specific site.

4
IDENTIFY HOMOGENEOUS BUILDING ZONE

IDENTIFY REPRESENTATIVE BUILDING OR GROUP'

OF BUILDINGS

SOUTE:

COMPUTE EXISTING SOLAR AVAILABILITY AT

BUILDING FACADES: CALCULATE SOLAR AND

INTERNAL GAINS (for thermal anedysis) DOE-2, DEROB:

HEAT GAIN FILES FOR COMPUTATION OF BUILDING

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS

(thermal and lighting) BUILDUNG LOADS

HEATING

required

COOLING

required

LIGHTING

required

STRATEGIES: SOLAR ACCESS

DURING HEATING SEASON

SHORTER BUIL- DINGS TO SOUTH

WIDER EAST-WEST RUNNING STREETS SHORTER NORTHSOUTH BLOCKS

CLEAR GLAZING

• SHADING DURING • INCREASE SKY

COOLING SEASON LUMINANCE VIEW

• DEEP STREET CAN- FACTOR

OVERHANGS and • SHALLOW STREET

SELF-SHADING CANYONS

DEVICES DEPLOYED* INCREASE STREET •DECREASED SPEC- ALBEDO

ULARLY RE- • EAST-WEST RUNNING

ELECTIVE BUILDING STREETS FACADES • HEAT REFLECTING or

• HEAT ABSORBING or ABSOBING GLAZING

REFLECTING GLASS IDENTIFY MOST SIGNmCANT VARIABLES

SOUTH:

PARAMETRIC STUDY TO DETERMINE

RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF

STRATEGIES (output to SOLITE files)

• STREETS WIDTH

• BLOCK HEIGHTS

• STREET ORIEN- TATION

» GLAZING TYPES

• SHADING DEVICE DEPTH

• STREET CANYON

HEIGHT TO DEPTH

RATIO

• WORKING HOUR

SCHEDULES

• GLAZING TYPES

• STREET CANYON

HEIGHT TO DEPTH

RATIO

• STREET CANYON

MATERIALS

• STREET ORIEN- TATION

• GLAZING TYPE

• ROOM

CONFIGURAnON

1. STREET ALBEDO

2. ORIENTATION

3—

1. BLOCK WIDTH I. OVRHNC DEPTH

2. BLOCK to SOUTH 2- STREET CANYON

HEIGHT HEIGHT/DEPTH

3— 3^

FOR MOST SIGNIFICANT CHARACTERISTICS

DEVELOP CORRELATIONS TO SOLAR AVAILABILTY

SPECIFIC ZONING ENVELOPE BASED ON ZONE

ENERGY NEED AND STRATEGY REQUIRED TO

REDUCE ENERGY NEED

IWrUGUr RECt ^

Fig. 1.2 Illustration of a process for developing zoning envelopes for

existing urban areas using SOLITE to determine the solar availability

characteristics at the representative building facades.

5
SblUlng 13 ~:r

hat ih(|uli<* UI-Er

Solo' «n - -

Sauth foDodi 3 ~ r

I 12 24 X « a 72

lows

Fig. 1.3 A neighborhood commercial strip in Baltimore MD. exemplifies

the use of SO LITE for the analysis of solar availability on building surfaces.

The shaded portion of the indicated representative building is a potential

wall collector. When the heating requirements of the small 75 m2 (800

ft2) building for three consecutive January days are compared to the solar

availability on the south facade is is seen that the solar heating potential is negligible, except if directly applied to the daytime heating requirements

of the store. Tempering the outer shell by the use of a canopy over the

street might be a viable solution for this group of buildings. The large

volume defined by a street canopy would provide thermal inertia as well as prevent undue infiltration losses from the facades of the buildings.

6
city. Based on this data, SOLITE can discriminate levels of gross solar radiation

between cities, but not between city blocks. This latter level of accuracy may not be

warranted for a solar access code, but distinctions of solar radiation availability in

different cities may lead to variances from a national model code. For example, the

national model code [12] might prescribe a building plane's exposure from 9 AM

through 3 PM solcir time each day. However, local cloud patterns may cause optimum

exposure only in the afternoon from 11 AM-through 4 PM, thus contradicting the model

code. Planning ramifications of the diurnally unsymmetrical cloud distribution would

lead to north-west, south-east running streets and south-west facing building facades,

contrary to national planning recommendations ll3].

1.2 SOLAR ACCESS MODEL REQUIREMENTS

Solar access models ideally should be easily accessible to all city planners and city

planning offices. This implies access to the software via remote terminals, or application of the software on affordable microcomputers. The use of desk-top

computer terminals for solar access evaluation has been advocated by the City of Los

Angeles [14]. Algorithms developed for such evaluations should be based on hourly

solar position and local cloud cover data. A locale's planning agency would then be

able to discern local cloud patterns and establish variations from the nationally

proposed solar access zoning norms.

Master planning for solar access requires the analysis of energy end uses in typical

buildings found in the zoned environments. Many computer algorithms exist for the

analysis of building energy use, but some lack the ability to calculate heat gains due to

internal sources and solar gain [15]. In order to provide the proper thermal energy use requirements, computer programs such as SINDA or MITAS [16] require data files with

the building's specific heat gain information. Further, as daylighting represents up to

80 percent of the electrical use in offices [17], a thermal performance model must be

augmented by a capability to analyze daylighting potential.

7
2. A SOLAR AVAILABILITY PROGRAM

In order to be an effective planning and analysis tool, a solar availability algorithm

should be able to analyze:

1. solar availability on specific surfaces,

2. solar gain in buildings used to determine the thermal behaviour of existing

structures, and

3. dayiighting potential in buildings.

SOLITE calculates the solar availability on user-specified surfaces, the total heat gain

in rooms, and the daylight available on the workplane of a room with a window.

Program prompts are interactive, and question the user for descriptions of the city

location, surface materials, glazing materials, room occupancy type and type of data

output desired.

SOLITE is written in standard FORTRAN IV on the NBS UNIVAC machine. Changes to

the code will be required for application on CYBER main-frames. The program

comprises a MAIN program and a host of subroutines. Subroutines are accessed by the

MAIN program In reponse to a user's requirements. Input and outputs are primarily

from the MAIN program, as are the imbedded data for occupancy types. Subroutines

are called by the MAIN program for calculation of solar radiation, glazing

transmission, shading and daylighting. Outputs from the program include heat gain and

daylighting data. These data are reported for all user-described enclosures or surfaces

contiguous to an urban street canyon. In addition to files with heat gain or solar

radiation data for specific user-.defined surfaces, the algorithm also creates a new

hourly weather data file with the addition of solar radiation data. Up to 10 surfaces or rooms may described during each run, and the program calculates hourly data for one

year.

2.1 A SOLAR AVAILABILITY ALGORITHM

SOLITE is an interactive program for calculating incident insolation and daylighting.

The range of computations is variable and depends on the user's requirements. If only a new weather data file with solar radiation is desired, a limited number of inputs are

required, and run times are short. On the other hand if hourly heat gains are desired

for thermal analysis and the daylight potential of rooms is calculated, all the

subroutines are accessed and run times substanbtially increase. A chart of subroutines

and functions contained in SOLITE is illustrated in Fig. 2.1.

The MAIN program provides the major access route to the subroutines. SOLITE's

flowchart is illustrated in Fig. 2.2 and it indicates the rudimentary structure of the

program. It also contains the data arrays for unit conversion, occupancy types and

alphanumeric input/output. Subroutine SURFAC is called when surfaces and room

descriptions are called for. SURFAC contains algorithms for structuring the input

data for later computation by the transmission and shading subroutines.

Weather tapes are read in subroutines DAYC if only cloud data is available and from

DAYRAC if solar radiation data already exists in the weather data files. Shading from

adjacent buildings and solar transmission through glazing members are calculated in

SHADOW and TRANS respectively. The program assumes that buildings on the same

8
MAIN

Fig. 2.1 Elements (functions and subroutines) of the solar availability

program SO LITE are illustrated. The diagram shows relative association

amongst the program's elements.

9
Fig, 2,2 Flowchart of solar availability program^ SOLITE, Major

subroutines are indicated by BOLD letters. Functions are indicated by

circular elements and major branching points in the program are shown

with a square.

10
side of the street form an equal building height line and that the cross streets are of

equal width. These aissumptions in the shading subroutine limit the complexity of the

urban environment that can be modelled. Shading subroutines used in the algorithm

may be substantially improved through the use of matrix calculation techniques.

Transmission of solar radiation through the glazing is calculated using a finite solution

to the sum of an infinite geometric series derived from the Stoke's equation [I8l

.

Algorithms for shadowing and glazing transmission have not been rigorously verified

with measurements, nor have the results been compared to results from existing

algorithms [19].

Occupant and incidental heat gains are calculated in subroutine OCHEAT only if the

user has specified the calculation of solar gain in rooms (as opposed to street-oriented

surfaces). (If surfaces are specified, no incidental gains are calculated, as surfaces

cannot be occupied.) Occupancy and electrical appliance heat gain schedules are a

function of : (1) the building type, whether office, retail or residential, (entered in the

MAIN program) (2) the type of day, (weekday, Saturday, Sunday calculated in

WKDAY), or holiday, (calculated in HOLDAY) and (3) the designed power-to-area ratio

of the room (entered in the MAIN program). The program user enters the maximum

anticipated occupant and power load as a function of the building's square footage.

The type of day as well as local standard time influence the internal gains schedule.

Subroutines used to calculate weekdays and holidays were incorporated from NBSLD

[20].

Daylighting analysis subroutines SKYWM and RMLITE come from DALITE II algorithms [21] developed by Gary Gillette (research associate at NBS). DALITE

computes the sky luminance based on doud cover data and RMLITE calculates the

interreflections from the window to the workplane of the room. These algorithms

have been verified by comparison with empirical measurements and other daylight

analysis techniques [22l . Daylight subroutines are presently very loosely affiliated

with other subroutines in SOLITE. These subroutines do not take advantage of the

street canyon interref lection calculations in subroutine BOUNCE.

Solar intensity subroutines developed by Dr. T. Kusuda in NBSLD [23] were adapted for use in this program, but the basic A5HRAE solar intensity algorithm [2^ is incorporated intact in subroutine SUN. In addition to the clear sky solar radiation data

calculated by the subroutine, cloud cover factors are computed using the

Kimura/Stephenson algorithm [25] . The Kimura/Stephenson clear sky radiation

modifying coefficients are based on the correlation of cloud cover amount (measured

in tenths) and solar altitude to direct and diffuse solar intensity. Results from the

Kimura/Stephenson algorithm were compared with results from two other cloud based

radiation modifiers: 1. the Boeing algorithm [26] used in DOE-2, and 2. the SOLMET

[27] coefficients used by all thermal performance algorithms accessing Test

Meteorological Year (TMY) [28] data. (SOLMET coefficients are also based on rain

occurrence.) Although based on similiar surface observations of cloud and rain data,

the three methods lead to differences as great as 158 Wm"2 for results derived from

New York City January Test Reference Year (TRY) [29] cloud cover data. Since there

are few measured radiation data bases available, the comparisons between these

methods is only relative (see Appendix A. 2). Given the large divergence between

results from the methods, it was not possible to demonstrate the superiority of one method. The Kimura/Stephenson method was judged more reasonable than the Boeing

11
due to the non-linear ratio between diffuse and beam solar radiation calculated as a

function of cloud cover. SOLMET coefficients may still be used by the entry of TMY

weather data rather than TRY.

Weather data files for radiation computation must be created and input to a file for

SOLITE access. Climate data tapes must be decoded with the NBSLD (see Appendix

F) weather tape reader from Test Reference Year (TRY) or 1440 tapes [30] . In order

to use the data from these tapes, decoded weather data files must have the specific

format described in the section titled "Use of SOLITE" in this report. A program used

for decoding TMY or SOLMET weather tapes may be found in the the DOE-2 user's

mcinual. A program that prepares a file from SOLMET tapes is listed in Appendix F.

12 I
3. SOLITE: PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

The amount of solar energy incident on a receiving surface is affected by shadows,

cloud patterns, urban pollutants and turbidity, and the type of glazing system used in a

solar application. This program calculates the effect of these variables on extraterrestrial radiation as it penetrates the atmosphere and is modified by the urban

environment. Local hourly cloud cover data are the basis for solar radiation

calculations. If the output from this program is to be used as input to a thermal

network analysis program, internal gciins from people and electrical appliances are also

calculated.

SOLITE, the solar availability program, has limited interactive input prompting.

Prompts are dependent on the path the user takes through the program. A MAIN

program initiates the prompts and calls various subroutines in response to the user's requirements. These subroutines are listed below in the order of their execution.

During a simple run for the addition of radiation data to a weather file, most of the

subroutines are not called. If the user wishes to calculate daylighting or solar heat

gain in a room, all of the subroutines are called. Subroutines include;

SURFAC interactively prompts the user for building and glazing unit

descriptors;

SRFAB calculates the view factor of the interior room surfaces to the

window;

RFX asks for street canyon material descriptions;

RHO determines type of glass in a glazing assembly;

VFSRF characterizes the view factors of the surface to other street planes

and to clear sky;

VFF future subroutine calculates the inter-reflected street canyon diffuse

radiation;

TRANS calculates the transmission, absorption and reflection of a specified

glazing assembly;

DAYC reads weather data from cloud cover data bases (TRY, 1440) and

sums data for averages;

DAYRAC reads weather data with horizontal global radiation from files based

DST

WKDAY

HOLIDAY

URBAN

SUN

SUNPOS

OCHEAT

SUNSURF

SUNSID

on TMY or SOLMET data;

calculates the daylight savings time indicator;

calculates the day of the week for determining occupancy;

calculates the holiday indicator for U.S. holidays;

modifies the solar intensity at urban sites with a fit to simple

measurement curves by Meinel and Meinel [31]. This subroutine must

be accessed with caution due to correlation coefficients from a

singular source; calculates solar position and horizontal solar beam and diffuse

radiation;

calculates solar position and horizontal diffuse and beam radiation

ratio if solar radiation data was input from a SOLMET data tape;

calculates the heat gain due to occupants and electrical appliances

for residential, commercial and retail room types;

calculates diffuse, beam and reflected radiation on a user specified

surface;

calculates the incident angles and solar radiation factors for the

13
BOUNCE

vertical and tilted street planes;

analyzes the amount of beam radiation reflected onto a surface from

ANG

the walls of a street canyon;

calculates the solar angle of incidence on a street plane surface for

reflection calculations;

REFLEX calculates the beam reflection coefficient as a function of the angle

OVRHNG

of incidence;

calculates shadows cast by an overhang, and reflections from an

integral window reflector.

The following subroutines are accessed by the subroutines requiring analysis of view

factors:

FPP calculates the view factor of the window surface to a parallel

surface;

FPR calculates the view factor of the window surface to a perpendicular

surface;

FSPP determines the view factor of the window to a surface, where the

angle between the window normal and the surface normal is greater

than 90° and less than 180°;

FSPR determines the view factor of the window to a surface, where the

angle between the window normal and the surface normal is less the

9QO and greater than 180°.

Subroutines used for calculating daylight are accessed from subroutine SUNSRF and

include:

SKYWM calculates the average sky luminance as seen from a point of the

workplane. Conditions between the clear and overcast sky

luminance are determined by the cloud cover ratio;

SUNLIT

CLRSKY

IRC

RMLITE

BCFV

determines the direct solar luminance;

calculates the average clear sky luminance;

calculates reflected light from internal wall surfaces;

computes the total daylight illumination at the workplane point;

is the luminous view factor between a vertical window and a point on BCF

the opposing parallel vertical plane;

calculates the luminous view factor between the non-uniform

BWF

overcast sky and a point on the workplane;

calculates the luminous view factor between a horizontal workplane

and a vertical window;

SF

EOF

SCERL

determines the sky view factor for the workplane points in a room;

computes the external reflection factor;

determines the external reflected component of dayiighting.

The solar availability program provides a user with a choice of three types of output.

First, daily and monthly summaries of solar radiation on surfaces and coincident

weather data tabulations may be printed. Second, hourly solar radiation data on

surfaces and coincident weather data may be printed in a tabular format as input

tables for simple thermal analysis algorithms. Third, hourly solar radiation and

internal heat gain summations may be written to a file for a large scale thermal

node/network analysis program (ie. SINDA or MITAS). In addition to these three types

of output, hourly solar radiation data and hours of useable daylight per day are written

14
to secondary files. Future versions of the program could contain a graphic output of

the solcir access as illustrated in Fig. 3.1. Graphic interaction with the presented

software will result in a better grasp of the input and ouput data. The example is from

a building shadow program written by Scott Wright at the Georgia Institute of

Technology [32]. This software is scheduled to be included in the solar availability

algorithm.

3.1 PREPARATION FOR RUNNING SOUTH

2. Unit 7:

SOLITE was developed on the NBS UNIVAC 1108 and requires the assignment of

"logical units" to specific files. On the CYBER system, the program will require a "PROGRAM" statement for the assignment of these logical units and files. SOLITE

requires the assignment of eight logical units for input and output. An example of the

assignments is illustrated in Fig. 3.2. and the descriptions of each logical unit and the

required files are listed below;

1. Unit 5: the interactive user's input terminal. Interactive prompts are printed on this terminal and answers are rendered in free format. Since the

program does not contain default values, all questions must be

answered with a reasonable response;

the program user's input is written into this logical unit. After a first run with SOLITE, the interactive prompts may be eliminated, and this

data file may be added directly to the program run with the Univac

1108 operating system command "(3ADD filename" after the first

program prompt;

the hourly weather data in the specified format is read from this

logical unit;

the hourly weather data (with added radiation) is written to this unit;

output of incident solar and heat gain onto surfaces or into rooms is written to this file;

solar gain per unit metric of surface are output to the file;

daylight levels at three points on the workplane of the room are output to this unit;

useable daylight hours in the room are written to the file assigned to

this unit.

3. Unit 8:

4. Unit 9:

5. Unit 10:

6. Unit 11;

7. Unit 12:

8. Unit 13:

Weather data assigned to unit 8 must be decoded from one of the NOAA type weather

tapes using on of the decoding subroutines listed in Appendix F. The created weather

file must be in on of the formats specified below. Each climate variable is read in

blocks of 24 hours. The read statement is dependent on the type of weather data

available. For weather data with only cloud cover values, subroutine DAYC is accessed and the read statement for the data is executed on a daily loop. For weather

data with horizontal radiation, DAYRAC is used. The read statement follows:

Climate data with cloud cover only, decoded from TRY or 1440 tapes. Twenty-four

hour periods:

DBT(24), DPT(24), WBT(24), WSP(24), BPR(24), CCT(24), TOC(24), WDR(24),

lYEAR, MON, DAY, IC

15
April June Fig, 3.1 A future

subroutine of SOLITE mil yield

results from shading calculations

using graphic output techniques.

This mil allow

the type of graphic output of solar access illustrated.

Presently no options exist for the use of graphic

terminals with

the algorithm.

Herej the "sun's

eye view", hour—

by-hour in April

and June of an atrium building in

Atlanta is shown.

In addition to

qualitatively as- sessing the un- shaded building

areas, the addition of isopleths

on the drawn sur- faces may

indicate quantitative radiation

intensities.

16
For climate data with horizontal radiation, decoded from TMY or SOLMET data.

Twenty-four hour periods;

DBT(24), DPT(24), WBT(24), WSP(24), BPR(24), CCT(24),

TOC(24), WDR(24), RDT(24), RDR(24), lYEAR, MON, DAY, IC

Variable names are listed as they appear in the program so that the user may more

easily identify these for any desired changes in the software. The hourly values may

be in either SI or English units;

(FO or CO)

(Fo or CO)

(FO or CO)

(Knots Hr“i or Ms“l)

(in HG or KPa)

(Tenths, reported in whole numbers

from 0. through 10.)

(0=cirrus, Ustratus, 2=others)

(reported in degrees, QO=north,

measured clockwise)

DBT

DPT

WBT

WSP

BPR

CCT

Dry-bulb temperature

Dew-point temperature

Wet-bulb temperature

Wind speed

Barometric pressure

Total cloud cover TOC Type of cloud

WDR Wind direction

RDT Global radiation on a

horizontal surface

RDR Beam radiation on a

horizontal surface

(BTU Fr^Hr-l or Wm-2)

(BTU Fr2Hr-l or Wm“2)

Included in the data file are values denoting the year (lYEAR), the month (MON), and

the day (DAY) of the month. Each 24 hour period is also followed by a city code (IC).

The above data files may be created from TRY tapes or TMY tapes using the decode

file from NBSLD and DOE2 respectively. Source weather data years may be either

Fig. 3.2 A runstream for assigning the

appropriate files to a SO LITE run is shown as it would appear on a terminal

connected to a UNIVAC 1108.

aASG»A F7.

aASG»A SHWASHINGTON.

aASG.A RUN1X9,

aASGiA RUN1X10.

aASG»A RUNlXll.

aASGiA RUN1X12.

aASGiA RUN1X13.

auSE 7. > F7,

aUSE 8 . > SHWASH I NGTON

.

aUSE 9., RUN 1X9.

aUSE 10 . 1 RUNIXI 0 . auSE 11.* RUNlXll.

aUSE 12.*RUN1X12.

aUSE 13. *RUN1X13.

17
365 or 96 days long. This latter compressed year is a result of Dr. E. Arens' Shortyear

algorithm [33] . Dr. Arens' program picks an 8 day interval representative of the

monthly weather^. Data created by this algorithm assume the same daily block

format as that for the full year data.

3.2 RUNNING SOLITE

Interactive prompts lead the user through the program but, due to the multiple

capabilities of the program, runstreams may vary considerably. Information required

from the user depends on the type of analysis desired. If only radiation data is to be

added to a TRY or 1440 based weather file, only specifics regarding the city's location

(latitude and longitude), and elevation are requested. If solar radiation gain data are

desired for a surface, then the description of the surface, and its geometric location in

the street canyon are requested (ie. distance from one end of a block). Finally, if solar

gain and daylighting in a room are to be calculated, the user must input glazing

descriptions and room surface descriptions in addition to the above data. The run- stream depends on the user's inputs. Examples of three of many possible runs follow:

1. A runstream for finding solar radiation intensity on user defined surfaces is Illustrated in Fig. 3.3. In this case, the user is asked for surface parameters.

Surfaces located on wadis or on streets are assumed to be proper rectangles on

these urban canyon planes. Edges of the surface are parallel to the building and

street edges. A rectangular surface on the roof must be further described by a

tilt to the horizontal and azimuth, measured clockwise from south (south=0°).

2. A runstream where heat gain in rooms is reported, is illustrated in Fig. 3.4. In addition to the spatiad locators of a window, glazing assembly descriptions,

occupancy type, design occupant density, and design electrical power per unit

floor area are requested information. For residential buildings, the family size

determines internal gains. Daylight at the workplane is also calculated for rooms.

3. If only cloud data is available from NOAA data tapes, then a weather file

containing solar radiation data may be created as the runstream of Fig. 3.5

illustrates.

As all paths through SOLITE have not been tested, the user must beware of possible

abortive or erroneous input combinations. At this point, no potential exists for re- entering erroneous values. Errors may be replaced by editing the input file created by

the program (logical unit 7) after the initial run. Examples of two files from logical

3. Dr. E. A. Arens et. al. "Climate Data Abbreviation for Computerized Calculation

of Heating and Cooling Requirements in Buildings", ENERGY and BUILDINGS 2,

Ellsevier, Sequoia S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland, 1979, pp. 135-139.

Weighting coefficients for climatic variables were determined from parametric runs of

NBSLD (a building energy loads program) on a residential dwelling. Caution must be

exercised when using the compressed data for analysis of commercial building

performance, as the weightings may differ, and the 8-day segment may not be the

same as that chosen for residential buildings.

18
Fig. 2.3. An example of a run with interactive prompts from SOUTH.

Responses in the rimstream describe a surface in a street canyon. During

data entry, SOUTH rewrites the inputs to an assigned FILH 7. Output files

from the shown run will contain daily and monthly average solar gain on

the specified surface. Note that before a run may begin, logical units 7 thru 13 must be assigned the appropriate files by the user.

aXQT SOLITEl.MAIN

THIS PROGRAM READS A CLIMATE TAPE AND CALCULATES THE RADIATION ON

USER SPECIFIED SURFACES. IT ALSO ENABLES THE USER TO

FIND TOTAL HEAT GAINS IN USER SPECIFIED ROOMS.

THIS OPTION IS USEFUL FOR THERMAL ANALYSIS PROGRAMS THAT

ARE NOT SPECIFIC TO BUILDING THERMAL ANALYIS.

THE FILES MUST BE ASSIGNED TO THE FOLLOWING DEVICES

FILE 7:THE INPUT DATA IS WRITTEN INTO FILE.

FILE S:WEATHER DATA IS READ FROM FILE.

FILE 9:WEATHER DATA IS WRITTEN INTO FILE.

FILE 10: TABULATED OUTPUT TOTAL GAIN ON NODES INTO FILE.

FILE ll:TABULTED SOLAR GAIN ON SURFACE INTO FILE.

FILE 12; TABULATED DAYLIGHT LEVELS INTO FILE.

FILE 13: TABULATED USEABLE DAYLIGHT HOURS INTO FILE

ALL VARIABLES ENTERED MUST BE REAL NUMBERS. ( X . Y

>

FOR INTERACTIVE RUN ENTER 0. IF INPUT FILE IS ADDED» ENTER 1. > 1. THE OUTPUT OF THE PROGRAM MAY BE IN THE FORM OF THE

INPUT TAPE» OR SUMMARIZED AND TABULATED* OR BOTH:

IF THE OUTPUT IS IN THE SAME FORMAT AS THE WEATHER DATA FILE

INPUT. ENTER 1. IF THE OUTPUT IS TABULATED. ENTER 2. IF THE OUTPUT IS BOTH IN THE FORM OF A WEATHER FILE AND ” IN TABULATED FORM. ENTER 3. >3. THERE ARE 3 OPTIONS FOR TABULATED OUTPUT.

IF THE TABULATED OUTPUT IS TO BE USED AS INPUT FOR A LARGE

SCALE THERMAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM (EG.SINDA).

HEAT GAIN ON USER SPECIFIED ROOMS WILL BE WRITTEN INTO AN ASSIGNED FILE 10.

FOR THIS ON, ENTER 1. IF THE TABULATED DATA ARE CREATED FROM A SHORTYEAR FILE.

AND THE OUTPUT IS TO BE USED AS INPUT FOR A HAND HELD

CALCULATOR PROGRAM (EG. TEANET),

ENTER 2. IF THE TABULATED OUTPUT IS TO BE DAILY AND MONTHLY SUMMARIES

OF RADIATION ON USER SPECIFIED SURFACES,

ENTER 3. > 3. THE TYPE OF WEATHER DATA INPUT:

IF A SHORTMONTH FILE IS OUTPUT, THEN A SHORTMONTH FILE MUST BE

INPUT. IF A FULL MONTH WEATHER FILE IS INPUT, THEN A FULL

MONTH WEATHER FILE IS OUTPUT.

ENTER 1. IF INPUT FILE IS FULL MONTH.

ENTER 2. IF INPUT FILE IS SHORT MONTH (8DAYS) > 2. IF THE WEATHER FILE CONTAINS RADIATION DATA, AND CLOUD DATA.

ENTER 1. IF ONLY CLOUD DATA IS IN WEATHER FILE ENTER 2. > 2. ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE FIRST MONTH TO BE CALCULATED.

> 1 .ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE LAST MONTH TO BE CALCULATED. >12. THE UNIT STANDARD OF THE INPUT DATA:

ENTER 1. IF SI UNITS.

ENTER 2. IF ENGLISH UNITS. > 2.

19
THE UNIT STANDARD OF THE OUTPUT DATA:

ENTER 1. IF SI UNITS.

ENTER 2. IF ENGLISH UNITS. > 2. ENTER 1. FOR DAYLIGHT CALCULATIONS. ELSE ENTER 0. >a

THE LOCATION OF THE SITE:

ENTER THE LATITUDE (IN DEGREES).

> 39, ENTER THE LONGITUDE (IN DEGREES) . > 76. ENTER THE TIME ZONE;

ATLANTIC TIME 20NE=4.

EASTERN =5.

CENTRAL =6.

MOUNTAIN =7.

PACIFIC =8. > 5. IS THE SITE IN AN URBAN AREA? AS OPPOSED TO A RURAL AREA:

ENTER 1. FOR YES.

ENTER 2. FOR NO. > 2. ENTER THE ELEVATION OF THE LOCALITY FT. ABOVE SEA LEVEL

>100.

ISOMTERIC

1

i

1 1

1

1 1

OF URBAN SITE

\

1

1

1

1

1 / / / /

/ HGTl / /

./ / /. .

.

< STW2 ><; BLOCK LENGTH > * STREET AXIS > * STWl

I /

'

! * / !

; ! HGT2 ! ! * / 1

i t

1

/ !

1

1

! *

1 /

'

1

1

FROM THE ISOMETRIC OF THE STREET ABOVE?

ENTER THE STREET AXIS? IN DEGREES? MEASURED CLOCKWISE FROM SOUTH'

> 270. ENTER THE WIDTH OF THE STREET (STWD? CONTAINING THE SURFACES

AND ROOMS? IN FT.

>isa

ENTER THE WIDTH OF THE SECONDARY STREETS (STW2)? IN FT.

>150. ENTER THE BLOCK LENGTH? IN FT.

>100. ENTER THE BLOCK WIDTH IN FT. >100. ENTER THE HEIGHT OF THE BUILDINGS ON SIDE 1 OF THE BLOCK?

(HGTl ) IN FT. >10.

20
ENTER THE HEIGHT OF THE BUILDINGS ON SIDE 2 OF THE BLOCK,

(HGT2) IN FT. > 10. ENTER HEIGHT OF BLDG. ON SIDE 1. OF CROSS STREET.

IN FT.

>10. ENTER HEIGHT OF BLDG. ON SIDE 2. OF CROSS STREET

IN FT.

ENTER THE NUMBER OF SURFACES TO BE ANALYZED.

THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SURFACES THAT MAY BE ENTERED IS 10

>1 . ENTER 1. IF ROOM FACES PRIMARY STREET.

ENTER 2. IF ROOM FACES CROSS STREET.

>1 . ISOMETRIC OF URBAN SITE

4 .

/ ! / /SRF/-DST1>/ ! /

/ ! / 1. / ! /

. / ! / / STREET AXIS —> 3.

/

1 / ! A ! / ! /

1 / ! 2. / ! / !

. /

1 . . . / !

1 1

1

1 1

1 1 5. 1 1 11 1

t

1

DESCRIPTION OF THE SURFACE 1 ON THE PLANE

A NUMBER ON THE ISOMETRIC REPRESENTS A PLANE WHERE

THE SURFACE IS LOCATED. ENTER THAT NUMBER.

>1. THE SURFACES COMPRISING THE STREET CANYON

MAY BE PICKED FROM THE FOLLOWING. ENTER THE

APPROPRIATE REFRENCE NUMBER FOR EACH SURFACE.

TREES (DECID) 1. TREES(CONIF) 2.

GRASS 3.

BITUMINOUS 4. BRICK 5. GLASS 6. CONCRETE 7.

METAL 8. SNOW (SUMMER .2) 9.

OTHER 10.

ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE WALL ITSELF > 5. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL

>100. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE WALL . >5. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL >100.
ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE STREET SURFACE.

>5.

ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

>100. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE ROOF . >5.

ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

>ioa

ENTER THE DISTANCE FROM THE SIDE EDGE OF THE SURFACE TO THE

CORNER OF THE BLOCK. DISTl IN FT.

(NOTE THAT DISTl IS MEASURED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE STREET AXIS.)

ENTER THE LENGTH OF THE SURFACE IN FT.

>4as

ENTER THE HEIGHT OF THE SURFACE IN FT.

>1. ENTER THE ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT OF THE SURFACE

>1. ENTER THE WIDTH OF OVERHANG INFT. IF NONE ENTER 0.

> 0. ENTER THE WIDTH OF THE REFLECTOR IN FRONT OF

SURFACE. INFT. ELSE ENTER 0.

>0. ENTER THE HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND OF THE BOTTOM OF

OF THE SURFACE IN FT.

>a

IS THE SURFACE GLAZED. 1

. =YES. 0.=NO

>0. >

22
Fig. 3.4 This runstream shows the entry of data for the analysis of four

rooms of similiar type, but different orientations. For parametric studies

requiring changes of single physical characteristic from run to run, the

input data rewritten by SOUTE to logical Unit 7 may be edited after a run by accessing the data file with the computer's editor. With this procedure^

the user may expedite runSf by-passing the interactive prompts.

THIS PROGRAM READS A CLIMATE TAPE AND CALCULATES THE RADIATION ON

USER SPECIFIED SURFACES. IT ALSO ENABLES THE USER TO

FIND TOTAL HEAT GAINS IN USER SPECIFIED ROOMS.

THIS OPTION IS USEFUL FOR THERMAL ANALYSIS PROGRAMS THAT

ARE NOT SPECIFIC TO BUILDING THERMAL ANALYIS.

THE FILES MUST BE ASSIGNED TO THE FOLLOWING DEVICES

FILE 7-.THE INPUT DATA IS WRITTEN INTO FILE.

FILE BtWEATHER DATA IS READ FROM FILE.

FILE 9: WEATHER DATA IS WRITTEN INTO FILE.

FILE 10:TABULATED OUTPUT TOTAL GAIN ON NODES INTO FILE.

FILE ll:TABULTED SOLAR GAIN ON SURFACE INTO FILE.

FILE 12-.TABULATED DAYLIGHT LEVELS INTO FILE.

FILE 13:TABULATED USEABLE DAYLIGHT HOURS INTO FILE

ALL VARIABLES ENTERED MUST BE REAL NUMBERS. < X . Y

)

FOR INTERACTIVE RUN ENTER 0. IF INPUT FILE IS ADDED. ENTER 1.

>0. THE OUTPUT OF THE PROGRAM MAY BE IN THE FORM OF THE

INPUT TAPE. OR SUMMARIZED AND TABULATED. OR BOTH:

IF THE OUTPUT IS IN THE SAME FORMAT AS THE WEATHER DATA FILE

INPUT.- ENTER 1. IF THE OUTPUT IS TABULATED. ENTER 2. IF THE OUTPUT IS BOTH IN THE FORM OF A WEATHER FILE AND

IN TABULATED FORM. ENTER 3.

>3.THERE ARE 3 OPTIONS FOR TABULATED OUTPUT.

IF THE TABULATED OUTPUT IS TO BE USED AS INPUT FOR A LARGE

SCALE THERMAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM (EG.SINDA).

HEAT GAIN ON USER SPECIFIED ROOMS WILL BE WRITTEN INTO AN ASSIGNED FILE 10.

FOR THIS OPTION. R 1. IF THE TABULATED DATA ARE CREATED FROM A SHORTYEAR FILE.

AND THE OUTPUT IS TO BE USED AS INPUT FOR A HAND HELD

CALCULATOR PROGRAM (EG. TEANET).

ENTER 2. IF THE TABULATED OUTPUT IS TO BE DAILY AND MONTHLY SUMMARIES

OF RADIATION ON USER SPECIFIED SURFACES.

ENTER 3.

>1 . THE INPUT WEATHER FILE MUST BE A IN THE SHORTMONTH FORMAT ( BDAYS/MONTH

)

IF THE WEATHER FILE CONTAINS RADIATION DATA. AND CLOUD DATA.

ENTER 1. IF ONLY CLOUD DATA IS IN WEATHER FILE ENTER 2.

>2. ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE FIRST MONTH TO BE CALCULATED.

>1 .ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE LAST MONTH TO BE CALCULATED.

> 2.
ENTER THE OCCUPANCY TYPE OF THE BUILDING:

IF RESIDENTIAL 1. IF RETAIL* 2.

IF OFFICE* 3.

> 3. ENTER 1. IF ROOM FACES PRIMARY STREET.

ENTER 2. IF ROOM FACES CROSS STREET.

> 1. ENTER THE FLOOR WIDTH* LENGTH AND HEIGHT

INFT.

> 12. 12. 8.5

ENTER THE MAXIMUM EXPECTED OCCUPANCY OF THE ROOM IN F2/PRS

> 100. ENTER THE MAXIMUM EXPECTED ELECTRICAL LOAD OF THE ROOM IN WAT/F2

> 3. ENTER REFLECTANCE COEFFICIENTS OF:

WALLS* CEILING AND FLOOR. (RATIO OF I .

)

>,8 .6 .2 DESCRIPTION OF THE WINDOW 3 OF THE ROOM

A NUMBER ON THE ISOMETRIC REPRESENTS A PLANE WHERE

THE WINDOW IS LOCATED. ENTER THAT NUMBER.

> 1 . ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE WALL ITSELF

ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

> 40. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE WALL ITSELF

> 7. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE WALL .

> 6. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE_OF _THE PLANE COVERED IN _THAT MATERIAL.

>60. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE WALL .

> 5. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE STREET SURFACE.

> 4. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

>100. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE ROOF .

> 4.

2 ^
ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

> 100. ENTER THE DISTANCE FROM THE SIDE EDGE OF THE WINDOW TO THE

CORNER OF THE BLOCK. DISTl IN FT.

(NOTE THAT DISTl IS MEASURED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE STREET AXIS.)

> 50, ENTER THE LENGTH OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

> 6. ENTER THE HEIGHT OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

> 4. ENTER THE WIDTH OF OVERHANG INFT. IF NONE ENTER 0.

> 0. ENTER THE WIDTH OF THE REFLECTOR IN FRONT OF

SURFACE. INFT. ELSE ENTER 0.

> 0. ENTER THE HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND OF THE BOTTOM OF

OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

>35

ENTER THE HEIGHT OF BOTTOM SILL ABOVE FLOORFT.

>35

ENTER THE DISTANCE FROM RIGHT PARTION WALL TO WINDOW LRHC

LOOKING AT THE WINDOW FROM INSIDE ROOM INFT.

> 3. IS THE WINDOW GLAZED. 1

. =YES. 0.=NO

>1. DESCRIPTION OF THE GLAZING:

ENTER THE NUMBER OF GLAZING LAYERS IN THE WINDOW

>1 . ENTER THE INDEX NO. OF THE MATERIAL OF LAYER 1

>1 . ENTER THE THICKNESS OF GLAZING LAYER 1 IN INCHES

>.25 IF MEASURED TRANSMITTANCE. ENTER 0. IF ORDINARY GLASS. ENTER 1. IF WATER WHITE. ENTER 2. IF HEAT ABSORBING. ENTER 3. IF REFLECTING. ENTER A.

>1 . ENTER 1. IF LAYER 1 IS IN CONTACT WITH ABSORBING SURFACE.

ELSE ENTER 0.

0.
SPECIFIED GLAZING SECTION

I I LAYER I 1 I I I MATERIAL I GLASSI

I I

I 2 II AIR I

I

ENTER THE OCCUPANCY TYPE OF THE BUILDING:

IF RESIDENTIAL 1. IF RETAILS 2.

IF OFFICE. 3.

> 3. ENTER 1. IF ROOM FACES PRIMARY STREET.

ENTER 2. IF ROOM FACES CROSS STREET.

> 2. ENTER THE FLOOR WIDTH, LENGTH AND HEIGHT

INFT.

>12. 12. as

ENTER THE MAXIMUM EXPECTED OCCUPANCY OF THE ROOM IN F2/PRS

> 100. ENTER THE MAXIMUM EXPECTED ELECTRICAL LOAD OF THE ROOM IN WAT/F2

> 3. ENTER REFLECTANCE COEFFICIENTS OF:

WALLS, CEILING AND FLOOR. (RATIO OF 1 .

)

>.8 .6 .2 DESCRIPTION OF THE WINDOW 4 OF THE ROOM

A NUMBER ON THE ISOMETRIC REPRESENTS A PLANE WHERE

THE WINDOW IS LOCATED. ENTER THAT NUMBER.

>z

ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE ROOF .

> 4. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

> 100. ENTER THE DISTANCE FROM THE SIDE EDGE OF THE WINDOW TO THE

CORNER OF THE BLOCK, DISTl IN FT.

(NOTE THAT DISTl IS MEASURED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE STREET AXIS.)

> 50. ENTER THE LENGTH OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

> 6. ENTER THE HEIGHT OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

> 4, ENTER THE WIDTH OF OVERHANG INFT. IF NONE ENTER 0. >0
ENTER THE WIDTH OF THE REFLECTOR IN FRONT OF

SURFACE* INFT. ELSE ENTER 0.

> 0. ENTER THE HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND OF THE BOTTOM OF

OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

>3.5

ENTER THE HEIGHT OF BOTTOM SILL ABOVE FLOORFT.

> 3^

ENTER THE DISTANCE FROM RIGHT PARTION WALL TO WINDOW LRHC

LOOKING AT THE WINDOW FROM INSIDE ROOM INFT.

>3.

IS THE WINDOW GLAZED. 1

. =YES. 0. =N0

> 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE GLAZING:

ENTER THE NUMBER OF GLAZING LAYERS IN THE WINDOW

> 1 . ENTER THE INDEX NO. OF THE MATERIAL OF LAYER 1

> 1. ENTER THE THICKNESS OF GLAZING LAYER 1 IN INCHES

>.25

IF MEASURED TRANSMITTANCE. ENTER 0. IF ORDINARY GLASS. ENTER 1. IF WATER WHITE. ENTER 2. IF HEAT ABSORBING. ENTER 3. IF REFLECTING. ENTER 4.

> 1. ENTER 1. IF LAYER 1 IS IN CONTACT WITH ABSORBING SURFACE.

ELSE ENTER 0.

> 0. SPECIFIED GLAZING SECTION;

I I I LAYER II I 2 I I I I MATERIAL I GLASS I AIR I I I I

ENTER THE NUMBER OF SURFACES TO BE ANALYZED.

THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SURFACES THAT MAY BE ENTERED IS 6

0.

27
Fig. 3.5 Runtype below calculates solar radiation based on 1440 or TRY

cloud data. A new weather file is created with the horizontal radiation

components added to the file.

THIS PROGRAM READS A CLIMATE TAPE AND CALCULATES THE RADIATION ON

USER SPECIFIED SUACES. IT ALSO ENABLES THE USER TO

FIND TOTAL HEAT GAINS IN USER SPECIFIED ROOMS.

THIS OPTION IS USEFUL FOR THERMAL ANALYSIS PROGRAMS THAT

ARE NOT SPECIFIC TO BUILDING THERMAL ANALYIS.

THE FILES MUST BE ASSIGNED TO THE FOLLOWING DEVICES

FILE 7: THE INPUT DATA IS WRITTEN INTO FILE.

FILE a: WEATHER DATA IS READ FROM FILE.

FILE 9: WEATHER DATA IS WRITTEN INTO FILE.

FILE 10: TABULATED OUTPUT TOTAL GAIN ON NODES INTO FILE.

FILE ll:TABULTED SOLAR GAIN ON SURFACE INTO FILE.

FILE 12: TABULATED DAYLIGHT LEVELS INTO FILE.

FILE 13: TABULATED USEABLE DAYLIGHT HOURS INTO FILE

ALL VARIABLES ENTERED MUST BE REAL NUMBERS. ( X . Y

)

FOR 'INTERACTIVE RUN ENTER 0. IF INPUT FILE IS ADDED. ENTER 1. >a

THE OUTPUT OF THE PROGRAM MAY BE IN THE FORM OF THE

INPUT TAPE. OR SUMMARIZED AND TABULATED. OR BOTH:

IF THE OUTPUT IS IN THE SAME FORMAT AS THE WEATHER DATA FILE

INPUT. ENTER 1. IF THE OUTPUT IS TABULATED. ENTER 2. IF THE OUTPUT IS BOTH IN THE FORM OF A WEATHER FILE AND

IN TABULATED FORM. ENTER 3.

; 1. THE TYPE OF WEATHER DATA INPUT:

IF A SHORTMONTH FILE IS OUTPUT. THEN A SHORTMONTH FILE MUST BE

INPUT. IF A FULLMONTH WEATHER FILE IS INPUT. THEN A FULL

MONTH WEATHER FILE IS OUTPUT.

ENTER 1. IF INPUT FILE IS FULL MONTH.

ENTER 2. IF INPUT FILE IS SHORT MONTH (BDAYS)

> 2. IF THE WEATHER FILE CONTAINS RADIATION DATA. AND CLOUD DATA.

ENTER 1. IF ONLY CLOUD DATA IS IN WEATHER FILE ENTER 2.

> 2. ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE FIRST MONTH TO BE CALCULATED.

> 1.ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE LAST MONTH TO BE CALCULATED.

12. THE UNIT STANDARD OF THE INPUT DATA:

ENTER 1. IF SI UNITS.

ENTER 2. IF ENGLISH UNITS.

> 2. THE UNIT STANDARD OF THE OUTPUT DATA:

ENTER 1. IF SI UNITS.

ENTER 2. IF ENGLISH UNITS.

2.
THE UNIT STANDARD OF THE INPUT DATA:

ENTER 1. IF SI UNITS.

ENTER 2. IF ENGLISH UNITS.

>2

THE UNIT STANDARD OF THE OUTPUT DATA:

ENTER 1. IF SI UNITS. _

ENTER 2. IF ENGLISH UNITS.

> 2. ENTER 1. FOR DAYLIGHT CALCULATIONS. ELSE ENTER 0. >a

THE LOCATION OF THE SITE:

ENTER THE LATITUDE (IN DEGREES).

>3ae

ENTER THE LONGITUDE (IN DEGREES) .

> 76.4

ENTER THE TIME ZONE;

ATLANTIC TIME Z0NE=4.

EASTERN =5.

CENTRAL =6.

MOUNTAIN =7.

PACIFIC =S.

> 5. IS THE SITE IN AN URBAN AREA. AS OPPOSED TO A RURAL AREA:

ENTER 1. FOR YES.

ENTER 2. FOR NO.

> 2. ENTER THE ELEVATION OF THE LOCALITY FT. ABOVE SEA LEVEL

>100. ISOMTERIC OF URBAN SITE

1 1

1 1

1 1

1

1

t

t

1

(

1 1

1 1

1 1 / ! / / ! /

/ !HGT1 / ! /

. / !/. !/. . . < STW2 X BLOCK LENGTH > STREET AXIS —

>

* STWl

* .

1 / !1 * /

!

! HGT2 j 1 * / !

! /

1 1

1 1

1

1

1

1

I

1

/ !

1 1

1 1

FROM THE ISOMETRIC OF THE STREET ABOVE»

ENTER THE STREET AXIS. IN DEGREES. MEASURED CLOCKWISE FROM SOUTH.

> 270. ENTER THE WIDTH OF THE STREET (STWl). CONTAINING THE SURFACES

AND ROOMS. IN FT.

> 110.
ENTER THE WIDTH OF THE SECONDARY STREETS (STW2)» IN FT.

>6a

ENTER THE BLOCK LENGTH. IN FT.

>250.

ENTER THE BLOCK WIDTH IN FT.

> 100. ENTER THE HEIGHT OF THE BUILDINGS ON SIDE 1 OF THE BLOCK.

<HGT1) IN FT.

>90.

ENTER THE HEIGHT OF THE BUILDINGS ON SIDE 2 OF THE BLOCK,

(HGT2) IN FT.

>150.

ENTER HEIGHT OF BLDG. ON SIDE 1. OF CROSS STREET.

IN FT.

>150.

ENTER HEIGHT OF BLDG. ON SIDE 2. OF CROSS STREET

IN FT,

>i5a

ENTER THE NUMBER OF ROOMS REQUIRING HEAT GAIN DATA

A MAXIMUM OF 10 ROOMS MAY BE INPUT.

>4.FOR EACH ROOM;

ENTER THE OCCUPANCY TYPE OF THE BUILDING:

IF RESIDENTIAL 1. IF RETAIL, 2.

IF OFFICE. 3.

>3.ENTER 1. IF ROOM FACES PRIMARY STREET.

ENTER 2. IF ROOM FACES CROSS STREET.

>1. ENTER THE FLOOR WIDTH, LENGTH AND HEIGHT

INFT.

>1Z 12. 8.5

ENTER THE MAXIMUM EXPECTED OCCUPANCY OF THE ROOM IN F2/PRS

> 100. ENTER THE MAXIMUM EXPECTED ELECTRICAL LOAD OF THE ROOM IN WAT/F

>30.

ENTER REFLECTANCE COEFFICIENTS OF:

WALLS. CEILING AND FLOOR. (RATIO OF 1 .

)

>.8 .6 .2

30
ISOMETRIC OF URBAN SITE

/ /

./

4 .

! / /SRF/-DST1>/ ! /

! / 1 . / ! /

!/ / !/..

STREET AXIS —> 3.

/! /!

/ ! / ! 2.

/ ! / !

/ ! / !

. / ! /. . ! . . / ! /. . ! . . . 11 II 5. 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

DESCRIPTION OF THE WINDOW

^

1 1

1 OF THE

1

ROOM

A NUMBER ON THE ISOMETRIC REPRESENTS A PLANE WHERE

THE WINDOW IS LOCATED. ENTER THAT NUMBER.

> 1. THE SURFACES COMPRISING THE STREET CANYON

MAY BE PICKED FROM THE FOLLOWING. ENTER THE

APPROPRIATE REFRENCE NUMBER FOR EACH SURFACE.

TREES <DECID) 1. TREES(CONIF) 2. GRASS 3.

BITUMINOUS 4. BRICK 5.

GLASS 6. CONCRETE 7. METAL 8. SNOW (SUMMER .2) 9.

OTHER 10.

ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE WALL ITSELF

>6. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL

>4a

ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE WALL ITSELF . -

>7.ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE WALL .

>6. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL

>60.

ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE WALL

>7.ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE STREET SURFACE

>4.

I

31
ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

> 100. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE ROOF .

> 4. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

> 100. ENTER THE DISTANCE FROM THE SIDE EDGE OF THE WINDOW TO THE

CORNER OF THE BLOCK, DISTl IN FT.

(NOTE THAT DISTl IS MEASURED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE STREET AXIS.)

> 50. ENTER THE LENGTH OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

> 6. ENTER THE HEIGHT OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

> 4. ENTER THE WIDTH OF OVERHANG INFT. IF NONE ENTER 0.

> 0. ENTER THE WIDTH OF THE REFLECTOR IN FRONT OF

SURFACE, INFT. ELSE ENTER 0.

> 0. ENTER THE HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND OF THE BOTTOM OF

OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

> 3.5

ENTER THE HEIGHT OF BOTTOM SILL ABOVE FLOORFT.

> 3.5

ENTER THE DISTANCE FROM RIGHT PART I ON WALL TO WINDOW LRHC

LOOKING AT THE WINDOW FROM INSIDE ROOM INFT.

> 3. IS THE WINDOW GLAZED. 1

. =YES. 0. =N0

> 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE GLAZING:

ENTER THE NUMBER OF GLAZING LAYERS IN THE WINDOW

> 1. ENTER THE INDEX NO. OF THE MATERIAL OF LAYER 1 MATERIAL INDEX NUMBER

GLASS 1

.

AIR 2.

POLYCARBONATE 3.

PLEXIGALSS(PMMA) 4.

MYLR(PET) 5.

TEDLAR(PVF) h.

TEFLON (FEP) 7. WATER-LIQUID S.

WATER-SOLID 9.

QUARTZ 10.

OTHER 11.

>1.

32
ENTER THE THICKNESS OF GLAZING LAYER 1 IN INCHES

>.25

IF MEASURED TRANSMITTANCEi ENTER 0. IF ORDINARY GLASS. ENTER 1. IF WATER WHITE. ENTER 2. IF HEAT ABSORBING. ENTER 3.

IF REFLECTING. ENTER 4.

> 1. ENTER 1. IF LAYER 1 IS IN CONTACT WITH ABSORBING SURFACE.

ELSE ENTER 0.

>0. SPECIFIED GLAZING SECTION:

I I I LAYER II I 2 I I I I MATERIAL I GLASS I AIR I

I I I

ENTER THE OCCUPANCY TYPE OF THE BUILDING:

IF RESIDENTIAL 1. IF RETAIL. 2. IF OFFICE. 3.

> 3. ENTER_1. IF ROOM FACES PRIMARY STREET.,

ENTER 2. IF ROOM FACES CROSS STREET.

> 1. ENTER THE FLOOR WIDTH. LENGTH AND HEIGHT

INFT.

>12. 12. 8.5

ENTER THE MAXIMUM EXPECTED OCCUPANCY OF THE ROOM IN F2/PRS

>100. ENTER THE MAXIMUM EXPECTED ELECTRICAL LOAD OF THE ROOM IN WAT/F

> 3. ENTER REFLECTANCE COEFFICIENTS OF:

WALLS. CEILING AND FLOOR. (RATIO OF 1 .

)

>.8 .6 .2 DESCRIPTION OF THE WINDOW 2 OF THE ROOM

A NUMBER ON THE ISOMETRIC REPRESENTS A PLANE WHERE

THE WINDOW IS LOCATED. ENTER THAT NUMBER.

> 2. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE ROOF .

> 4. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

>100.
ENTER THE DISTANCE FROM THE SIDE EDGE OF THE WINDOW TO THE

CORNER OF THE BLOCK. DISTl IN FT.

(NOTE THAT DISTl IS MEASURED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE STREET AXIS.)

> 50. ENTER THE LENGTH OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

> 6. ENTER THE HEIGHT OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

>4. ENTER THE WIDTH OF OVERHANG INFT. IF NONE ENTER 0.

> 0. ENTER THE WIDTH OF THE REFLECTOR IN FRONT OF

SURFACE. INFT. ELSE ENTER 0.

> 0. ENTER THE HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND OF THE BOTTOM OF

OF THE WINDOW IN FT.

>35

ENTER THE HEIGHT OF BOTTOM SILL ABOVE FLOORFT.

>35

ENTER THE DISTANCE FROM RIGHT PARTION-WALL TO WINDOW LRHC

LOOKING AT THE WINDOW FROM INSIDE ROOM INFT.

> 3. IS THE WINDOW GLAZED. 1

. =YES. 0.=NO

>1. DESCRIPTION OF THE GLAZING:

ENTER THE NUMBER OF GLAZING LAYERS IN THE WINDOW

> 1 . ENTER THE INDEX NO. OF THE MATERIAL OF LAYER 1

> 1. ENTER THE THICKNESS OF GLAZING LAYER 1 IN INCHES

>.25

IF MEASURED TRANSMITTANCE. ENTER 0.

IF ORDINARY GLASS. ENTER 1. IF WATER WHITE. ENTER 2.

IF HEAT ABSORBING. ENTER 3.

IF REFLECTING. ENTER 4.

> 1 . ENTER 1. IF LAYER 1 IS IN CONTACT WITH ABSORBING SURFACE.

ELSE ENTER 0.

> 0. SPECIFIED GLAZING SECTION:

I I I LAYER II I 2 I I I I MATERIAL I GLASSI AIR I

I I I
ENTER 1. FOR DAYLIGHT CALCULATIONS. ELSE ENTER 0.

>0. THE LOCATION OF THE SITE:

ENTER THE LATITUDE (IN DEGREES).

>39. ENTER THE LONGITUDE (IN DEGREES) .

>76. ENTER THE TIME ZONE?

ATLANTIC TIME Z0NE=4.

EASTERN =5.

CENTRAL »6.

MOUNTAIN =7.

PACIFIC *8.

> 5. IS THE SITE IN AN URBAN AREAi AS OPPOSED TO A RURAL AREA:

ENTER 1. FOR YES.

ENTER 2. FOR NO.

>2. ENTER THE ELEVATION OF THE LOCALITY FT. ABOVE SEA LEVEL

>100.

35
unit 7 are shown in Figs. 3.6 and 3.7. These files were created from a run analyzing

four rooms facing a street canyon, and from the analysis of a single surface

respectively.

3.3 OUTPUT FROM SOUTH RUNS

Four types of output files may be created by the solar availability program:

1. An expanded weather data file is created in the same format as the input

weather data file, with the addition of horizontal total and direct solar radiation

data to a 1440 type weather data file.

2. A tabulated report of hourly total radiation on surfaces or combined with

occupancy heat gains in rooms is created. Hourly dry-bulb temperatures are also

reported. Note that this reporting option is possible only with SHORTYEAR. It

is the author's opinion that tabulation of hourly data for a complete year would

be overwhelming. An example of the hourly tabulated shortmonth output is shown in Fig. 3.8.

3. An unlabeiled file of hourly total radiation values for surfaces and total heat

gain in rooms is created. This output option provides a file containing heat

gains on a node for non-building specific thermal node/network analysis method.

An example of this output and the format fields appears in Fig. 3.9.

4. A labelled daily summary of heat gain in rooms and on surfaces with a monthly

reported average is created, as shown in Fig. 3.10.

These data are written to a file assigned to logicail unit 10, and only one of the above

ouput options may be chosen during a run. In addition to these four output options, if dayiighting analysis is chosen, useable daylight hours, daylight quantity, and solar

radiation per metric area are also written to the specified files (logical units 11, 12,

and 13 respectively). Two daylight data files aind one incident solar gain file are created:

1. The hours of available daylight on the workplane in a specific room are

calculated. Illumination levels are calculated for three points ailong the midline

of the room. At each point, the illumination level is compared to a lower limit

of lES specified [^4] footcandles, and an upper limit of 5,5 times the brightness

at the workplane point nearest the window [35]. An example of this output file is illustrated in Fig. 3.11.

2. Depending on the output mode chosen, daily average or hourly illumination levels on the workplane of the room at three room depths are calculated, in

footcandles. An example of this output is shown in Fig. 3.12.

3. Hourly solar radiation intensity per square metric is calculated for each of the

surfaces described by the user. This hie is created in a labelled, or unlabelled

format depending on the user's ouput specification. Both modes are illustrated in

Fig. 3.13 and Fig. 3.14 respectively.

A complete description of the structure of the program and the mathematical

algorithms employed, is given in Appendices A through C. Program listings are found

in Appendices D and E.

36
Fig, 3,6, Ouput file 7 "written by SO LITE during the previous analysis of a surface (Fig, 3,2), This file could now be added to the run using the

UNIVAC command "Q.ADD FILE 7," and the interactive prompts would be

eliminated.

3. 0000 Tabulated and tape weather file output

3. 0000 Type of tabulated output

2. 0000 Type of weather data: cloud data

2. 0000 Type of weather data: shortyear

1 . 0000 First month in calculation

2. 0000 Last month in calculation 2. 0000 Input units: English 2. 0000 Ouput units: English 0. 00000 Daylight calculations flag; yes 39.600 Latitude of site 76. A00 Longitude of site 5 . 0000 Time zone of site 2. 0000 Urban area flag; no 100. 00 Elevation of site above sea level 270.00 Street axis, from south 1000.

0

Width of street 1 1000.0 Width of street 2 100. 00 Length of block 1

1 00. 00 Width of block 1 10. 000 Height of buildings on side 1 of block

10. 000 Height of buildings on side 2 of block

10. 000 Height of buildings on side 1 of cross st. 10. 000 Height of buildings on side 2 of cross st.

1 . 0000 Number of surfaces calculated

1 . 0000 Street canyon position flag

1 . 0000 Street canyon plane indicator 5 . 0000 Material of wall with surface 100. 00 % of wall covered in that material 5 . 0000 Material of the opposite wall 100.00 % of wall covered in that material

5. 0000 Material of the street plane

100. 00 % of street comprising material

5. 0000 Material of the opposite roof 100. 00 % of roof-top covered in that mateiral

A9.500 Distance from surface to block edge

1 . 0000 Surface length

1 . 0000 Surface height

1 . 0000 Surface absorption coefficient 0. 00000 Overhang width

0.00000 Reflector width

8. 0000 Height above ground of the surface Glazing flag

1

1

37
Fig. 3.7 Ouput file 7 'written by SOUTE during execution of the previous

runstream example (Fig. 3.4). A large difference may he seen between the

two ouput files to 7 (of Fig. 3.6 and this listing). As the user's input

determines the path through the program^ the data file at logical unit 7

'Will vary from run to run.

1 3. 0000 Tabulated and tape weather file output

2 1 . 0000 Type of tabulated output

3 2. 0000 Type of weather data: cloud data

W 2. 0000 Type of weather data: shortyear

5 1 . 0000 First month in calculation

6 2.0000 Last month in calculation

! 7 2. 0000 Input units: English

i ^ 2. 0000 Ouput units: English

1 9 1 . 0000 Daylight calculations flag; yes

! 10 39.600 Latitude of site 11 76. 400 Longitude of site 12 5 . 0000 Time zone of site

1 13 2. 0000 Urban area flag; no \W 100. 00 Elevation of site above sea level 15 270.00 Street axis, from south • 16 110.00 Width of street 1 17 60. 000 Width of street 2 18 250.00 Length of block 1 19 100. 00 Width of block 1 20 150.00 Height of buildings on side 1 of block

21 90. 000 Height of buildings on side 2 of block

22 150.00 Height of buildings on side 1 of cross st. 23 150.00 Height of buildings on side 2 of cross st. 24 4. 0000 Number of rooms to be analyzed

25 3. 0000 Occupancy indicator for room; office

1 . 0000 , Room faces primary street 27 12.000 12.000 8. 5000 Room width, length and height

28 100. 00 Occupancy of room 29 3. 0000 Maximum electrical gains in room 30 . 80000 . 60000 . 20000 Reflection coeff. walls, ceiling, floor 31 1 . 0000 Position of window in street canyon

32 6 . 0000 Material of wall with window

33 40. 000 % of wall faced with matericil 34 7. 0000 Second material of wall with window

35 6. 0000 Material of wall on opposite side 36 60. 000 % of wall faced with material

37 7. 0000 Second material of opposite wall 38 4 . 0000 Material of street surface

39 100. 00 % of street comprising material

40 4. 0000 Material of the opposite roof 41 100. 00 % of roof covered with material

42 50. 000 Distance from window to block edge

! 43 6. 0000 Length of the window

: 44 4. 0000 Height of the window

: 45 0. 00000 Width of the overhang

46 0. 00000 Width of the reflector 47 3.5000 Height of window sill above ground

1 48 3.5000 Height of window sill above fin. floor 49 3. 0000 Distance of window from inside wall 50 1 . 0000 Glazing flag

51 1 . 0000 Number of layers of glazing

52 1 . 0000 Glazing material of layer

53 . 25000 Thickness of glazing

54 1 . 0000 Type of glass

55 0. 00000 Adjacency flag of glazing layer

56 3. 0000 Occupancy indicator for room: office

57 1 . 0000 Room faces primary street 58 12.000 12.000 8.5000 Room width, length and height

38 "1

i
59:

60:

61:

62:

63:

64:

65:

66 : 67:

68:

69:

70:

71:

72:

73:

74:

75:

76:

77:

78:

79:

30:

81

:

32:

33:

84:

35;

36:

37;

88 : 89;

90;

91

;

92:

93:

94;

95:

96:

97:

98;

99;

100 : 101 : 102 : 103;

104;

105:

106:

107;

108:

109:

110 : 111 :

1 12 : 113;

114;

1 15;

116:

100. 00 Occupancy of room

3. 0000 Maximum electrical gains in room

. 80000 . 60000 . 20000 Reflection coeff . walls, ceiling, floor 2. 0000 Position of window in street canyon

4. 0000 Material of the opposite roof 100. 00 % of roof covered with material

50. 000 Distance from window to block edge

4. 0000 Length of the window

4. 0000 Height of the window

0 . 00000 Width of the overhang

0. 00000 Width of the reflector 3.5000 Height of window sill above ground

3.5000 Height of window sill above fin. floor 3. 0000 Dlsteince of window from inside waill

1 . 0000 Glazing flag

1 . 0000 Number of layers of glazing

1 . 0000 Glazing material of layer

. 25000 Thickness of glazing

1 . 0000 Type of glass

0. 00000 Adjacency flag of glazing layer 3. 0000 Occupancy indicator for room; office 2. 0000 Room faces primary street 12.000 12.000 3. 5000 Room width, length and height

100. 00 Occupancy of room

3. 0000 Maximum electrical gains in room

. 80000 . 60000 . 20000 Reflection coeff. walls, ceiling, floor

1 . 0000 Position of window in street canyon

6. 0000 Material of wall with window

40. 000 % of wall faced with material

7. 0000 Second material of wall with window

6. 0000 Material of wall on opposite side 50. 000 % of wall faced with material

7. 0000 Second material of opposite wall 4.0000 Material of street surface 100. 00 % of street comprising material

4.0000 Material of the opposite roof 100. 00 % of roof covered with material

50. 000 Distance from window to block edge

6. 0000 Length of the window

4. 0000 Height of the window

0 . 00000 Width of the overhang

0. 00000 Width of the reflector 3.5000 Height of window sill above ground

3.5000 Height of window sill above fin. floor 3. 0000 Distance of window from inside wall

1 . 0000 Glazing flag

1 . 0000 Number of layers of glazing

1 . 0000 Glazing material of layer

. 25000 Thickness of glazing

1 . 0000 Type of glass

0 . 00000 Adjacency flag of gleizing layer 3. 0000 Occupancy indicator for room; office 2. 0000 Room faces primary street 12.000 12.000 3.5000 Room width, length and height

1 00. 00 Occupamcy of room

3. 0000 Maximum electrical gains in room

. 80000 . 60000 . 20000 Reflection coeff. wails, ceiling, floor 2. 0000 Position of window in street canyon
117

iia

119- 120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

4. 0000 Material of the opposite roof 100. 00 % of roof covered with material

50. 000 Distance from window to block edge

6. 0000 Length of the window

4. 0000 Height of the window

0. 00000 Width of the overhang

0. 00000 Width of the reflector 3.5000 Height of window sill above ground

3.5000 Height of window sill above fin. floor 3. 0000 Distance of window from inside wall

1 . 0000 Glazing flag

1 . 0000 Number of layers of glazing

1 . 0000 Glazing material of layer

. 23000 Thickness of glaizing

1 . 0000 Type of glass

0. 00000 Adjacency flag of glazing layer

0. 00000 Number of surfaces calculated

40
Fig, 3,8 Tabulated hourly output from a run using SHORTYEAR weather

file. The output shown was written by SOUTE to Unit 10,

JANURY 1 HR DBTEMP TOTAL HEAT GAIN IN BTU/HR ON ROOMS AND SURFACES

F. DEG. R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4

1 19. . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03

2 17. . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03

3 15. . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03 i 4 15. . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03 1

! 5 13. . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03

6 12. . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

7 11. .25+03 .25+03 . 25+03 . 25+03

8 11. . 72+03 . 69+03 . 68+03 . 69+03

9 11. . 20+04 . 18+04 . 18+04 . 18+04

10 11. . 23+04 . 20+04 . 20+04 . 20+04

11 12. . 25+04 .21+04 . 21+04 .21+04

12 13. .25+04 .20+04 .21+04 .21+04 * 13 13. . 22+04 . 18+04 . 19+04 . 19+04

14 15. . 22+04 . 19+04 . 19+04 . 19+04

15 16. . 38+04 . 23+04 . 33+04 . 20+04

16 17. .39+04 . 20+04 . 44+04 . 20+04 1 17 20. . 16+04 . 16+04 . 16+04 . 1 6+04 1 18 18. . 14+04 . 1 4+04 . 14+04 . 14+04 1

» 19 16. . 99+03 . 99+03 . 99+03 . 99+03 j 20 13. . 78+03 . 78+03 . 78+03 . 78+03

21 12. .55+03 .55+03 . 55+03 .55+03

22 11. . 33+03 . 33+03 . 33+03 . 33+03

23 10. . 25+03 . 25+03 . 25+03 .25+03

24 10. . 25+03 .25+03 .25+03 . 25+03

DAY 14. . 29+05 . 24+05 . 27+05 . 24+05

JANURY 2

HR DBTEMP TOTAL HEAT GAIN IN BTU/HR ON ROOMS AND SURFACES 1 F. DEG. R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4

1 10. . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

2 9. . 1 4+03 . 1 4+03 . lA+03 . 14+03

3 10. . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 - 4 9. . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

5 9. . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 i 6 9. . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 I

1 7 10. . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 1 8 10. .65+03 . 16+03 . 15+03 . 90+03 I

j 9 12. . 23+04 . 22+03 . 19+03 . 22+04 1 10 15. . 39+04 .54+03 . 18+03 . 25+04 1 11 20. . 45+04 .41+03 . 19+03 . 14+04 i 12 25. . 48+04 .36+03 . 23+03 . 35+03 1 13 29. .53+04 .41+03 . 89+03 . 26+03 1 14 30. .21+04 . 37+03 . 99+03 . 24+03 ! 15 28. . 13+04 .35+03 . 89+03 .21+03 1

1 16 27. . 16+04 . 19+03 . 19+04 . 1 7+03

17 28. . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 ! 18 26. . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 1

1 19 24. . 14+03 . 1 4+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 1 20 22. . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 1 4+03 1 21 20. . 14+03 . 14*03 . 14+03 . 14+03 1 22 19. . 1 4+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 i 23 19. . 1 4+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 1 4+03

24

.

14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . DAY 18. . 29+05 .52+04 . 77+04 . 10+05

41
Fig. 3.9 Unlabelled hourly ouput of heat gain in the user described rooms is for use with large-scale thermal analysis programs such as SlNDAj or DEROB. The output format will have to be changed to match the

requirements of the thermal analysis program READ formats. The SOJJTE

write formats are listed below.

1 1 FORMAT (1X,214^,10E9.2)

. 12+03 • 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03

. 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03

. 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03

. 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03

. 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03 . 12+03

. 1 4+03 : 14+03 . 14+03 "

. 14+03

. 25+03 . 25+03 . 25+03 . 25+03

. 70+03 . 68+03 . 68+03 . 69+03

. 19+04 . 18+04 . 18+04 . 18+04

. 21+04 . 20+04 . 20+04 . 20+04

. 22+04 . 21+04 . 20+04 . 21+04

. 22+04 . 20+04 . 20+04 . 20+04

. 20+04 . 18+04 . 18+04 . 18+04

. 21+04 . 19+04 . 19+04 . 19+04

. 37+04 . 22+04 . 33+04 . 20+04

. 39+04 . 20+04 . 44+04 . 20+04

. 16+04 . 1 6+04 . 16+04 . 16+04

. 14+04 . 14+04 . 1 4+04 . 14+04

. 99+03 . 99+03 . 99+03 . 99+03

. 78+03 . 78+03 . 78+03 . 78+03

. 55+03 . 55+03 . 55+03 . 55+03

. 33+03 . 33+03 . 33+03 . 33+03

. 25+03 . 25+03 . 25+03 . 25+03

. 25+03 . 25+03 . 25+03 . 25+03

1 2

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 1 4+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 63+03 . 16+03 . 15+03 . 89+03

. 22+04 . 20+03 . 20+03 . 22+04

. 39+04 . 55+03 . 21+03 . 25+04

. 45+04 . 42+03 . 23+03 . 14+04

. 48+04 . 38+03 . 25+03 . 38+03

. 52+04 . 43+03 . 91+03 . 27+03

. 19+04 . 34+03 . 93+03 . 24+03

. 1 1+04 . 33+03 . 85+03 . 20+03

. 15+04 . 18+03 . 19+04 . 18+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 1 4+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03 . 14+03

. 14+03 . 1 4+03 . 14+03 . 1 4+03
Fig. 3.10 Daily summaries, and monthly temperature and incident solar

radiation averages are reported for surfaces (1 ft^) oriented south (SI),

north (S2), west (S3), and east (S4), A potential use of the program would

be for the creation of solar radiation data tables for generic urban

environments. In addition to the radiation data, average daily temperature

summaries are also provided.

JANURY

DAY DRY MAX MIN WIND RADIATION ON SURFACE BTU/F2

BULB TEMP TEMP SPEED

TEMP

F .DEG. MPH 5 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

1 14. 20. 10. 7. 507. 172. 489. 286.

2 18. 30. 9. 9. 1658. 244. 550. 690.

3. 25. 38. 12. 7. 1923. 240. 726. 724.

4 33. 43. 21. 7. 619. 197. 312. 486.

5 40. 46. 34. 6. 442. 183. 315. 326.

6 49. 63. 39. 7. 298. 162. 262. 279.

7 49. 64. 27. 17. 856. 240. 584. 424.

B 25. 29. 21. 8. 1167. 263. 406. 750.

TOTAL

MONTH 1. 64. 9. 0. 934. 213. 456. 495.

FEBRUY

DAY DRY MAX MIN WIND RADIATION ON SURFACE BTU/F2

BULB TEMP TEMP SPEED

TEMP

F .DEG. MPH S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

1 40. 44. 37. 5. 397. 215. 348. 362.

2 42. 45. 40. 6. 402. 218. 352. 366.

3 44. 55. 38. 6. 407. 220. 356. 371.

4 51. 56. 44. 13. 2199. 375. nil. 965. ! 5 36. 40. 32. 11. 442. 229. 368. 423.

6 31. 37. 25. 10. 1985. 391. 975. 1 138.

7 37. 46. 31. 7. 1512. 367. 1027. 728.

8 36. 44. 31. 11. 844. 294. 437. 700.

TOTAL

MONTH 2. 56. 25. 0. 1023. 289. 622. 632.

j

1

MARCH

i

I

1

1

I DAY DRY MAX MIN WIND RADIATION ON SURFACE BTU/F2 i BULB TEMP TEMP SPEED j TEMP 1 F .DEG. MPH S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

1 40. 44. 34. 10. 547. 297. 463. 489.

2 42. 45. 37. 16. 552. 300. 467. 494.

3 41. 45. 37. 20. 756. 349. 638. 568.

4 40. 46. 34. 15. 2177. 481. 1337. 1301. 1 3 42. 55. 32. a. 1163. 433. 1197. 738.

6 54. 67. 41. 9. 814. 380. 761. 667. 1 7 53. 67. 39. 9. 2036. 574. 1311. 1477. ! 8 57. 73. 42. 10. ^ 1 • 475. 1334. 1354. 1 TOTAL i MONTH 2. 73. 32. 1. 1273. 411. 939. 886. 1

i

1
APRIL

DAY DRY MAX MIN WIND RADIATION ON SURFACE BTU/F2

BULB

TEMP

TEMP TEMP SPEED

F .DEG. MPH S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

1 43. 51. 37. 14. 1856. 713. 1705. 1528.

2 45. 55. 34. 10. 1834. 602. 1570. 1573.

3 51. 62. 39. 13. 990. 549. 688. 1188.

A 58. 67. 51. 8. 722. 442. 579. 568.

5 63. 74. 54. 7. 912. 571. 928. 671.

6 61. 69. 56. 11. 964. 578. 1277. 662.

7 63. 81. 51. 8. 1134. 627. 1141. 703.

8 75. 88. 63. 8. 1801. 767. 1454. 1759.

TOTAL

MONTH 2. 00 CO 34. 0. 1277. 606. 1168. 1082.

MAY

DAY DRY MAX MIN WIND RADIATION ON SURFACE BTU/F2

BULB TEMP TEMP SPEED

TEMP

F .DEG. MPH S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

1 56. 65. 43. 7. 1351. 868. 1001. 1718.

2 62. 70. 53. 9. 1636. 1029. 1832. 1478.

3 65. 78. 48. 7. 1467. 855. 1765. 1679.

4 70. 84. 54. 9. 1459. 861. 1767. 1681.

5 73. 85. 59. 10. 1601

.

1037. 1902. 1850.

6 75. 87. 63. 11. 1270. 894. 1146. 1728.

7 70. 74. 63. 10. 877. 703. 812. 676.

8 68. 78. 58. 9. 1173. 846. 1647. 825.

TOTAL

MONTH1 3. 87. 43. 0. 1354. 887. 1484. 1454.

JUNE

DAY DRY MAX MIN WIND RADIATION ON SURFACE BTU/F:

BULB TEMP TEMP SPEED

TEMP

F .DEG. MPH S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

1 61. 70. 53. 14. 1002. 803. 1000. 727.

2 68. 77. 59. 10. 1496. 1146. 1892. 1536.

3 71. 81. 58. 12. 1468. 1090. 1382. 1892.

4 80. 89. 70. 10. 1244. 1133. 1569. 1343.

5 82. 90. 73. 7. 1490. 1180. 1874. 1921.

6 81. 91. 72. 8 . 1617. 1303. 1697. 1643.

7 83. 96. 72. 6. 1512. 1177. 1653. 1946.

8 84. 95. 76. 7. 1441. 1057. 1339. 1865.

TOTAL

MONTH1 3. 96. 53. 0. 1409. 1111. 1551. 1609.

44
JULY

DAY DRY MAX MIN WIND RAI I AT I ON ON SURFACE BTU/F2

BULB

TEMP

TEMP TEMP SPEED

F .DEG. MPH S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

1 81. 92. 68. 11. 1363. 972. 1736. 1819.

2 87. 180. 73. 8. 1394. 985. 1719. 1784.

3 87. 99. 78. 9. 1488. 1086. 1327. 1550.

4 77. 8S. 70. 8. 727. 605. 550. 896.

5 74. 81. 67. 15. 1501. 1099. 1626. 1329.

6 74. 82. 63. 9. 1322. 910. 1049. 1902.

7 74. 82. 65. 10. 793. 675. 825. 721.

8 77. 86. 68. 11. 1395. 1012. 1222. 1607.

TOTAL

MONTH 3. 100. 63. 0. 1248. 918. 1257. 1451.

AUGUST

DAY DRY

BULB

TEMP

F

MAX

TEMP

.DEG.

MIN

TEMP

WIND

SPEED

MPH

RADIATION ON

SI S 2

SURFACE

S 3

BTU/F2

S 4

1 82. 92. 73. 11. 1560. 834. 1203. 1284.

2 72. 82. 64. 13. 1713. 934. 1619. 1487.

3 75. 86. 64. 12. 1653. 885. 1727. 1448.

4 79. 89. 73. 9. 833. 548. 917. 668.

5 82. 93. 72. 12. 1698. 860. 1522. 1647.

6 74. 79. 69. 10. 895. 582. 1018. 695.

7 72. 82. 64. 10. 1620. 857. 1525. 1599.

8 65. 67. 64. 11. 524. 347. 414. 402.

TOTAL

MONTH 3. 93. 64. 0. 1312. 731. 1243. 1154.

SEPTEM

DAY DRY MAX MIN WIND RADIATION ON SURFACE BTU/F2

BULB TEMP TEMP SPEED

TEMP

F .DEG. MPH S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

1 70. 74. 66. 12. 416. 225. 296. 332.

2 71. 77. 66. 8. 1681. 584. 1410. 995.

3 72. 77. 66. 10. 337. 198. 297. 280.

4 78. 87. 71. 11. 1248. 491. 1188. 762.

5 79. 88. 74. 12. 1422. 528. 1195. 838.

6 69. 77. 63. 10. 353. 201. 270. 292.

7 63. 69. 57. 9. 1977. 525. 1442. 1346.

8 63. 75. 50. 6. 2022. 504. 1400. 1213.

TOTAL

MONTH1 3. 88. 50. 0. 1182. 407. 937. 757.

^5
OCTOBR

DAY DRY MAX MIN UIND RADIATION ON SURFACE BTU/F2

BULB

TEMP

TEMP TEMP SPEED

F .DEG. MPH S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

1 49. 58. 41. 8. 1977. 381. 1102. 1115.

2 51. 65. 39. 1980. 377. 1091. 1106.

3 54. 67 . 41. 2, 1956. 378. 1016. 1101

.

4 55. 67 . 44. 4. 1489. 436. 1023. 855.

5 57. 68. 48. 6. 1315. 418. 880. 786.

6 61 . 65. 56. 7. 235. 127. 191. 199.

7 61 . 63. 57. 9. 232. 125. 189. 196.

8 53. 56. 49. 15. 732. 263. 472. 580.

TOTAL

MONTH 2. 68. 39. 0 . 1240. 313. 746. 742.

NOVMBR

DAY DRY MAX MIN WIND RADIATION ON SURFACE BTU/F2

BULB

TEMP

TEMP TEMP SPEED

F .DEG. MPH S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

1 37. 45. 30. 8. 1994. 281. 864. 819.

2 38. 50. 27. 5. 1765. 304. 727. 811.

3 44. 56. 31. 3. 602. 197. 381. 354.

4 56. 62. 47. 11. 220. 106. 179. 187.

5 60. 69. 51. 6. 1441. 268. 480. 736.

6 54. 61. 48. 3. 192. 100. 172. 152.

7 55. 64. 49. 6. 1221. 295. 541. 661

.

8 52. 54. 49. 7. 189. 98. 170. 149.

TOTAL

MONTH 69. 27. 0. 953. 206. 439. 484.

DECMBR

DAY DRY MAX MIN WIND RADIATION ON SURFACE BTU/F2

BULB

TEMP

TEMP TEMP SPEED

F .DEG. MPH S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4

1 51. 57. 42. 12. 342. 159. 266

.

293.

37. 42. 31. 9. 583. 187. 324. 429.

3 44. 53. 38. 10. 288. 152. 259. 233.

4 42. 47. 35. 11. 1943. 226. 709. 682.

5 43. 50. 36. 9. 367. 161. 271. 293.

6 40. 45. 32. 11. 2025

.

243. 722. 709.

7 38. 48. 32. 4. 1065. 218. 639. 345.

8 40. 49. 31. 5. 1108. 222. 330. 658.

TOTAL

MONTH 2. 57. 31. 0. 965. 196. 440. 455.

46
Fig. 3.11 Hours of useable daylighting in a specified room are reported.

Useable hours exclude hours when occupancy levels in a space are below

10%; for example, during holidays or weekends in offices.

JANURY

DAY HOURS

R 1 OF

R 2

USEABLE

R 3

DAYLIGHT/DAY

R 4

1 8. b. 7. 7.

2 0 . 0. 0. 0.

3 8. 0. 5. 5. 4 8. 6. h. 6.

5 8. 7. 6. 7. 6 8. 7. &. 7.

7 0. 0. 0. 0. 8 0. 0. 0. 0.

1 8. 5. 6. 6.

FEBRUY

DAY HOURS OF USEABLE DAYLIGHT /DAY

R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4

1 0. 0. 0. 0.

2 8. 8. 8. 8 . 3 8. 8. 8. 3.

4 8. 3. 8. 7.

5 8. 8. 8. B. h 0. 0. 0. 0.

7 0. 0. 0. 0.

8 0. 0. 0. 0.

2 8. 7. 8. 8.

^7
Fig. 3.12 Average daily daylighting levels calculated for three points along

the midLine of a room. The position of the points is calculated in SOLITE

and is reported on the output table in feet measured from the window

towards the rear wall of a room.

JANURY

DAY FOOT CANDLES ON WORKING PLANE

DISTANCES FROM WINDOW IN FEET

FT 2.

R 16. 10.

R 2.

2

6. 10.

R 3

2. 6. 10. 2.

R 4

6. 10

1 146. 36. 22. 50. 9. 7. 75. 14. 11. 49. 13. 10

2 605. 249. 88. 27. 6. 6. 55. 13. 11. 78. 14. 13

3 769. 271.103. 23. 6. 6. 88. 15. 14. 85. 16. 15

4 95. 31. 18. 47. 8. 6. 43. 11. 8. 46. 12. 9

5 124. 42. 21. 47. 8. 6. 43. 11. 8. 45. 12. 9

6 85. 29. 17, 51. 9. 6. 44. 11. 8. 46. 12. 9

7 229. 70. 33. 39. 7. 6. 59. 12. 9. 47. 12. 9, 8 106. 33. 20. 43. 8. 6. 43. 11. 8 . 56. 13. 10<

1 270. 95. 40. 41. 8. 6. 56. 12. 10. 57. 13. 10.

FEBRUY

DAY FOOT CANDLES ON WORKING PLANE

DISTANCES FROM WINDOW IN FEET

R 1 f? 2 1R 3 1R 4

FT 2. 6. 10. 6. 10. 2. 6. 10. 2. 6. 10

1 108. 37. 21. 64. 11. 8. 56. 14. 10. 59. 15. 11 2 109. 38. 22. 65. 11. 8. 57. 14. 10. 60. 16. 11 3 111. 38. 22. 66. 12. 8. 57. 14. 10. 61

.

16. 11 4 704. 142, 33. 33. 3. 7. 109. 19. 17. 107. 20. 17

5 1 14. 40. 23. 67. 12. 9. 59. 15. 11. 67. 18. 12

6 423. 92. 55. 42. 9_ 7. 57. 16. 13. 151. 29. 20

7 407. 96. 56. 46. 9. 8. 109. 21. 16. 68. 21

.

15

8 165. 47. 27. 63. 11. 8. 53. 15. 11. 76. 17. 13

2 268. 66. 39. 56. 10. 8 . 70. 16. 12. 31. 19. 14

48
Fig. 2.12 Labelled, data file of solar radiation per square metric (as

opposed to total gain on surface) is -written to logical unit 11. The daily

data are summed for a daily total, reported in the last row of each day.

JANURY 1 SOLAR B/HFT2 ON THE SURFACE AND ROOMS

IHR R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 i 1 0. 0. 0. 0. 1

j 2 0. 0. 0. 0.

3 0. 0. 0. 0.

' A 0. 0. 0. 0. i 5 0. 0. 0. 0.

6 0. 0. 0. 0. i 7 0. 0. 0. 0. I 8 2. 1. 0. 1. ! 9 9. 3. 1. 3. 1 10 IS. 3. 2. 3.

11 20. 7. 3. _ 6.

12 22. 7. 9. 9.

i 13 21. 7. 8. 9. ; 14 18. 6. 3. 3. i IS 79. 20. 37. 3. 1 16 84. 2. 103. 1. 17 0. 0. 0. 0. . 18 0. 0. 0. 0. i 19 0. 0. 0. 0. 1

1 20 0. 0. 0. 0. 1

1 21 0. 0. 0. 0. 1 22 0. 0. 0. 0. ! 23 0. 0. 0. 0.

1 "

i 24 0. 0. 0. 0.

*

1

1 DAY 270. 38. 191. 39.

I

i

JANURY 2 SOLAR B/HFT2 ON THE SURFACE AND ROOMS

1

I IHR R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4

1 0. 0. 0. 0. i 2 0. 0. 0. 0. 1 3 0. 0. 0. 0.

4 0. 0. 0. 0. 3 0. 0. 0. 0. i

j 6 0. 0. 0. 0. 1 7 0. 0. 0. 0. 1 8 21. 1. 0. 31. ! 9 90. 3. 2. 86. 1

I 10 136. 23. 2. 98.

11 183. 16. 2. 31. 1 12 193. 14. 3. 9.

13 213. 17. 31. 3. i 14 83. 14. 33. 4. i 13 47. 13. 31. 3.

16 61. 3. 72. 1.

1 17 0. 0. 0. 0. j 18 0. 0. 0. 0. i

1 19 0. 0. 0. 0. 1

1 20 0. 0. 0. 0. j 21 0. 0. 0. 0. 1

1 22 0. 0. 0. 0. ! 23 0. 0. 0. 0.

24 0. 0. 0. 0.

DAY 1048. 106. 178. 287. i
Fig. 3.14 Unlabelled, version of the data file shown in Fig. 3.13 used for

output to main-frame computer programs (eg. DEROB). The data file

format description is listed below:

1 0. 0. 0. 0

2 0. 0. 0. 0

3 0. 0. 0. 0

4 0. 0. 0. 0

5 0. 0. 0. 0

6 0. 0. 0. 0

7 0. 0. 0. 0

8 0. 0. 0. 0

9 1. 1. 1. 2

10 1. 1. 2. 3

11 2. 1. 3. 3

12 o4k • 1. 5. 5 13 2. 1. 4. 5

14 2. 1. 3.

15 65. 1. 56. 3

Ih 80. 1. 105. 1 17 0. 0. 0. 0

18 0. 0. 0. 0

19 0. 0. 0. 0

20 0. 0. 0. 0

21 0. 0. 0. 0

22 0. 0.‘" " 0. 0

23 0. 0. 0. 0

24 0. 0. 0. 0

154. 9. 178. 23

1 0. 0. 0. 0

2 0. 0. 0. 0

3 0. 0. 0. 0

4 0. 0. 0. 0

5 0. 0. 0. 0

6 0. 0. 0. 0

7 0. 0. 0. 0

8 19. 0. 0. 31

9 80. 1. 2. 85

10 150. '>^ m 3. 99

11 176. 2. 4. 52

12 188. 2« 4. 10

13 204. 2- 32. 5

14 63. o^ • 33. 4

15 33. 1. 29.

16 55. 1. 71. 1 17 0. 0. 0. 0

18 0. 0. 0. 0

19 0. 0. 0. 0

20 0. 0. 0. 0

21 0. 0. 0. 0

22 0. 0. 0. 0

23 0. 0. 0. 0

24 0. 0. 0. 0

967. 13. 179. 289

FORMAT(1X44,10F9.2)
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLITE

SOLITE was written in standard Fortran IV on the UNIVAC 1108 computer at NBS.

Changes in the code must be made in order for the program to compile on other

computers.

4.1 USE OF THE PROGRAM FOR RESEARCH

In its present form, SOLITE may most effectively be used as a research tool. The

limitations listed in the next chapter preclude its implementation as widely used

software. It is best suited for:

1. conversion of cloud based weather data files to weather data files with radiation;

2. parametric analysis of window glazing unit transmission and light absorption;

3. parametric analysis of solar gain on surfaces in an urban environment;

4. analysis of daylighting options in rooms facing street canyons;

5. creation of hourly heat gain data files for thermal node network analysis

algorithms. Both unformatted and tabulated. forms are available, allowing the

user to choose the format best suited to his needs. Large scale programs would

require unformatted listings,, while small scale thermal analysis programs on

hand-held calculators may benefit from the tabulated SHORTYEAR files.

4.2 EXAMPLE OF ALGORITHM USE: Daylighting in an Urban Area

Daylighting potential of a typical office building in Baltimore Md. was computed using

SOLITE. A series of room configurations, interior absorptances, and window reflector

treatments were run and the resulting daylighting availability data in a hypothetical

office were compared. In addition, the solar intensity on the windows and the

resulting hours of daylighting on the workpiane of this typical 12 ft. by 12 ft. office

were determined for different street widths found in front of, and beside the modelled

office structure. An area of Baltimore's Central Business District was chosen as a case study. From this area, a typical building condition was chosen. A randomly

chosen area in Baltimore's Central Business District provides the environment for the

analysis of daylighting potential. This area is illustrated in Fig. 4.1. SOLITE cannot

reproduce the environment in any great detail. An example of a Central Business

district and the simplification of the urban forms for SOLITE analysis is shown in Fig.

4.2.

A typical building in this environment is shown in Fig. 4.3. The analysis performed in

this example is based on the building illustrated in the figure. Although regression

analyses have not been performed, the figures illustrate a dependence of the

daylighting amount on the height of the office in relation to the buildings around it,

and the type of office interior finishes and street canyon surface reflectances. As the

position of the hypothetical office was shifted from the bottom through the top floor

of the structure, (Fig. 4.4) an increase in available dayiighting was discerned. An

office with darker interior surfaces suppressed available daylight (Fig. 4.5) as did

deeper office plans. Daylighting in a 40 ft. deep, 40 ft. wide office is only possible in

the first 12 ft. closest to the window (Fig. 4.6). However, in the case of both the

typical small office and the larger office, an increase of overall street canyon

51
Fig. 4,1

Central Busi- ness District

in Baltimore,

Md, Sample

building is

chosen from

the shaded

area. Typical biddings

in this limited survey

could not be

defined, thus

two random

sample buildings were

chosen.

These are shown shaded

in the site

plan illustrated below.

52
reflectances increased the daylighting available in the office. Conclusions drawn from

this initial run of SOLITE must be tempered with the realization that the algorithm

limiting "daylight hours" with respect to glare is simplistic. High albedos in the street

canyon may lead to unacceptable glare conditions not indicated by the program.

The run also indicated a significant difference between the daylighting potential with an east facing window as compared with that of a west facing window. Due to

daylight savings time, the the workplane with a west facing window received

considerably more light during office working hours than did the corresponding

workplane with an east facing window. This may be interpreted from all Figs. 4.4

through 4.7.

Solar radiation available on a window qualitatively indicates the amount of daylighting

received in a room. Solar radiation and useable hours of daylight per day for a typical

building and street configuration (Fig. 4.8) are illustrated in Fig. 4.9. Strict

-correlation between available solar radiation and daylight potential has not been

calculated but it appears that some scatter will result since SOLITE contains

algorithms that allow beam interreflection within a street canyon which daylighting

algorithms do not account for. An example of street interreflections leading to

significantly increased solar gain on a building surface, and increased daylighting to

the interior is illustrated by the scene in Fig. 4.10 of Atlanta, GA. where the Coastal

States building reflects midday solar radiation onto the Hyat Regency's north-facing

facade. In addition, the occupancy of the office affects the amount of "useful"

daylight available. During lunch, when offices are deserted, useable daylight is reduced to zero as the occupants are not there to enjoy its benefits.

Both SOLITE based examples of C30 offices indicate the lower potential daylighting

in the deep street canyons of the Central Business District. With further parametric

studies of similiar zones in a city, and with the realization that a large portion of the

commercial office building load is lighting, building envelopes conducive to daylight

may be prescribed. Parametric studies of street surface and building facade surface

colors will lead to codes allowing optimal daylighting provisions for offices in CBD

areas.

Fig. 4.2 SOLITE requires simplified descriptions of the environment as shown hy the reduction of the CBD scene in the photograph into a series of

similiar, regular blocks.

5i
Fig. 4.3 A simplified description of the example building's environment. In a series of runs, the amount of useable daylight was determined for a

typical office located on each face of the sample 13 storey building. The

reflectances of the surrounding surfaces are: 0.2 for the street surface,

and 0.4 for the building surfaces. Office locations on the first, sixth and

t-welfth floor levels were tested (at 10, 60, and 120 ft. levels above the

street respectively).

51^
OMVUGHTIrtt MMILMIUTV 1ST IMSM1H6T0H O.C.. 19S7

noun

SOLID • NOSTN FACINC DOT • SOUTH FACIN6

DASH • ueST FACIHC DASO • EAST FACINO

Fig, 4.4.a A typical office in the CBD example block at the first floor

level is used as an example to calculate the available daylighting as a percentage of required daylighting. Dimensions of the office and window

are indicated. The window is double glazed with the outside light's normal

transmission assumed to be 0.74 and the inside light's normal transmission

assumed to be 0.84. Reflectance ratios of the inside wall finishes are shown on the drawing.

OAVLIOfnilC OUAtlAOIlITV 8TH FLOOD iJASHIHeTON D.C.. 19S7

SOLID • HODTH FACIWTM50T • SOOTH FACIMC

DASH • VEST FACIHO DASM3 • EAST FACtNO

Fig. 4.4.b The available daylighting data for the typical office in the CBD

example block on the 6th floor are shown for four principal window

orientations. The southern exposure provides a constant light level

whereas the western orientation has a relatively high summer lighting level

peak (qualitatively indicating glare problems) and a low daylighting

potential during winter.

55
MVL16HTIHG MMILMIUTV IZTM FIOOR MSHIHCTM B.C.. 19S7

nofiTH SOUP • rtamM FACING mt • south facing

DASH • y£ST FACING DAMP • EAST FACING

Fig. 4.4.C A typical office in the CBD example block , on the t'welfth floor.

All orientations have daylighting potential due to good exposure to sky

luminance. Glare (only simplistically evaluated in SO LITE) will he

problematic in this case.

SumESSEO INTEGIOA REFLECTION UASHINGTON O.C.. 19S7

Fig. 4.5 A typical office in the CBD example block. Internal wall^ ceiling

and floor reflectances have been changed to the values indicated. The

office is assumed to be on the sixth floor. A sharp reduction of available

daylighting is indicated when compared with the base case shown in Fig.

4.4.b.

56
MVUGMniK MMIIMIIITV IHOIEASES DEPTH (MSMINCTON O.C.. 19S7

I

0

f

u0

R

t

IN

e

H

0u

R

$

nOHTH SOLID • SOUTH FACINO DOT • NOffTH FHCING

DASH • VEST FACING 0ASH3 • EAST FACING

Fig. 4.6 An "open office" situation without partition walls or dividers, and

with the same wall reflectances as shown for the office of Fig. 4.4.a. The

light level calculations are an average of the three points shown on the

drawing. Apart from the high light levels near the window in this case, the

remaining two calculation points are deep within the room cavity and the

calculated low light levels were expected.

DAVUCMTINA AUAILAIIIITV INCAEASE9 REFUCTAHCE IMSMIHGTON 0. 0.. 19S7

WtfTH

SOLID • SOUTH FACING MT • NORTH FACING

DASH • tfST FACING DASKJ • FAST FACING

Fig. 4.7.a The typical office is shown fronting a street canyon with

increased surface reflection coefficients. The curves illustrate the

increase of daylightng potential for a sixth floor office. External street

canyon reflectances are increased to 0.9.

57
£hHANC£0 £XTERIOfl ftETUCTION FOff DC£P ffOOH

.lOhTH SOtIO • SOOTH FACIHQ 30T • HOflTH FACINC

IU»$H • HTST FACIH6 0ASH3 • FAST FACING

Fig. 4.7.£> An increase of daylight potential is observed for the case of a deep office with increased external reflection coefficients. The relative

position of the office in the street canyon has remained unchanged from

the previous position in this example.

58
Fig. 4.8 A second example CBD block illustrates a 9 storey sample building across from a 13 storey building. The following analysis includes the interreflection characteristics of the street. Solar radiation and daylight hours

for four offices located at various heights were calculated (first floor, 3.5

ft., third floor, 33.5 ft.,fifth floor, 53.5 ft., and the eighth floor 83.5

ft.above street level), for all four facades of the illustrated building. Two

conditions were examined: a wide street, and a narrow street condition.

For the wide street, Wl=60 ft. , and W2=110 ft. The narrow street is characterized by Wl=30 ft. and W2-20 ft. In the following series of plots,

results with wide streets are designated A, and plots of solar availability on windows with narrow streets are 3. The street surface is bituminous, and

the surrounding buildings comprise 60% glass and 40% concrete facades.

59
Fig. 4.9 Data of solar availability and daylighting hours on average days

per month on the described surfaces are indicated by the following plots.

Facade orientations are indicated on the plots, and floor heights are indicated by keyed line types. Plot A indicates surfaces facing wide

streets, plot B indicates surfaces facing narrow street. Hours of available

daylighting are daily averages per month from SHORTYEAR based data,

and do not include times when the office occupancy was below 10% of the

maximum expected occupancy. Output was converted to SI units from

English inputs. One of the conclusions from these studies indicates that

the width of the street on the north side does not influence daylight

availability.

Eight floor typical office

Fifth floor typical office

Third floor typical office —

Ground floor typical office —

South A

K Joules

5000

^

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

- 71 //

- — //

' i

i

- N\ , i

i

j

- ! N

/

/

/ i ,

i

1

/I

i

1 V / A

/ \ » 1

i

i

/

/

1

1/;

•. \

•. \ /

/ i ^ \

1

i

//

/.

/•

.. S I \

•. 1

1

\ //

/; I:

\ l \ 1

i

1 /

/

^ —J

i I1 1

,..S4***

1

Avg hours of daylighting per work day

J FMAMJJASONO

Month Month
South B

K Joules m^day^

East A

Month

Month

61
East B

Month

North A

K Joules m^day^

Avg hours of day lighting per work day

Avg hours of day lighting per work day

Month Month

62
North B

K Joules m^day^

5000 "

4000 -

3000 -

2000

1000

1

1 _l£; 2:^£± ^ J FMAMJJASOND

Month

Avg hours of day lighting per work day

1

\ /

/' l\A 7

0 JFMAMJJASOND

Month

Fig. 4.10 Reflected radiation from the

Coastal States building on the northwest facade of Hyatt Regency in

Atlanta during early morning hours.

Reflected radiation in urban en- vironments may increase cooling loads or provide additional daylighting potential.

6i
5. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK

As presented, SOLITE has a number of constraints. Further development of the

program will allow its deployment by the intended user, the city planner. Future

versions of SOLITE will incorporate "kinder" interactive interfaces, a more rigorous

strategy for optimizing solar gain envelopes, and a larger selection of possible surface

descriptions.

A solar availability algorithm should be able to optimally converge on a more complex

zoning envelope than is allowed by this program. Although the edges describing the

simple rectangular envelopes prescribed here could identify sloping shapes (with some

help from the user), a different approach to the shading algorithm would allow more

intricate opposing shapes, and more exact calculation of shadows. Ralph Knowles' [i6]

small scale solar access physical modelling procedure is an appropriate tool for the

qualitative analysis of solar access in complex urban environments. But a need still exists for quantitative solar access modelling of geometries with similar complexity.

Scott Wright's building shadow program is capable of analyzing shading on fairly

complex shapes with a minimum amount of code. The program is listed in Appendix G,

but has yet to be tied to the present version of SOLITE.

Additional constraints imposed by the program on the user include:

1. the irreversible entry of values. Once a value has been entered during the

run, it may not be changed. Erroneous entries will cause run aborts. A

"kinder" interaction that will allow default options to be chosen is required.

2. application of the program on a TTY terminal. Instead, a graphics package

would greatly enhance the program's usefulness. Graphic interaction is necessary for input, output, and re-entry of required values by light-pen or graphic sketch-pad techniques.

}. the program's mainframe orientation. Although portions of the program

may be used on mini or micro-computers, in its present form, the program

is a mainframe computer based program. This limits SOLITE's applicability

to users who have access to such facilities. In order for the software to be

applied as envisioned, it should be applied on microcomputers, and thus be

accessible to a large number of users. SOLITE still requires a formal link to a thermal analysis program for realization of its initial goal. Presently, to achieve compatibility, output file formats must be changed

to fit the format of the thermal analysis program's input files. •

5.1 LIMITATIONS

SOLITE has seen only limited use during its development and its software contains a number of idiosyncracies of which the user should beware:

1. shadow and interreflected radiation subroutines assume a uniform building

height opposite the surface being analyzed. Except for gaps created by

cross-streets, the building line is assumed continuous.

2. cross street widths are assumed identical to each other.

3. only one window may be input per room. Thus solar gain and dayiighting

an^ysis for a room are confined to a single orientation. The program user must analyze multiple windows on one side as a single window.

4. radiation heat gains due to solar gain and room occupancy are spread

64
evenly within a room. In a thermal network analysis schedule, the heat

gains and solar gains impact one node representing a room.

5. daylighting ailgorithms assume a spherical room configuration. Extreme

deviations from a cubic room shape may cause errors in the interreflected

daylighting portions of the program.

6. shading algorithms for the roof and overhangs simplify the surface by using

geometric projection, and are not true representations of shading on the

surface.

7. not all paths through the algorithm have been examined. Data from

analysis have not been compared with other computer generated data

bases. Care must be exercised when drawing conclusions from these data.

8. although the entry of variables for daylighting calculations is performed

simultcineously with entry of solar gain descriptors, the two algorithms are

separate. The daylighting algorithms do not access the BOUNCE and

VFSRF subroutines that calculate the interreflection characteristics of the

street. Daylighting algorithms must be tied to this portion of the analysis.

Algorithms in various reflection and shading subroutines (OVRHNG and VFF) are the

newest additions to the program and have had limited use. Errors may occur when

overhangs or reflectors are prescribed by the user.

5.2 FUTURE WORK

As an initial draft of solar availability software, SOLITE requires further development

in order to eliminate the constraints and limitations described. The envisioned

application of the software in planning offices by users with limited computing skills

indicates two areas of need:

1. the development of solar availability software on micro/minicomputers for

widespread distribution and use.

2. the development of computer graphic software to aid users with data entry

and data analysis.

In addition to solar availability modelling, a formal link must be established with

thermal analysis of environments where solar availability is being analyzed. This will

lead to the development of solar potential zones in cities. In addition to these longrange goals, the algorithm is being improved by the use of a matrix calculation shading

algorithm (Appendix G). Algorithms used in SOLITE are based on geometric analysis

and use relatively large amounts of computing time.

In order to validate many of the calculation procedures used in SOLITE, measurements

are required. The following list indicates the empirical data required for

substantiation of assumptions incorporated in the program:

1. measurement of urban vs. rural radiation modifying coefficients.

2. measurement of cloud distribution on the sky vault and its influence on

solar gain and daylighting.

3. measurement of the diffuse and spectral reflection characteristics of

common building materials at various angles of incidence.

65
As this program has not been subjected to rigorous verification, a series of tests on the

reliability of the major subroutines should be performed. These tests would encompass

the shading, transmission, and view factor algorithms. Only after this is done can

reliable conclusions be drawn.

66
APPENDIX A

ALGORITHM DESCRIPTIONS

The main program accesses a series of subroutines for the required calculations of

solar gain aind daylighting. The sequence of subroutines, and the parts of the program

that are used, depend on the user's choice of run type. A number of tasks comprise the

algorithm:

1. input data processing;

2. weather data input and manipulation;

3. solar radiation calculations including direct and diffuse radiation, as well as cloud modifier calculations;

4. surface orientation and street-canyon modified solar radiation calculations;

5. shading calculations;

6. surface transmission and absorption characteristics analysis, and

7. output data formatting.

Incidental gains in rooms and daylighting are also calculated by SOLITE, and the

calculation procedures and internalized assumptions are presented in Appendices B and

C respectively. Flowcharts in the appendices are all based on the master program

flowchart shown in Fig. A.l. The flowcharts indicate the relative position and access

points to the subroutines from the MAIN program.

A.l INPUT DATA PROCESSING

The data input task is performed by a number of subroutines. A flow chart, shown in

Fig. A.2, indicates the subroutine aind program areas where the input data is processed.

Required inputs include room type descriptors, general site descriptors, specific room

and surface descriptors, and building occupancy descriptions. A distinction is drawn

between "Surfaces" and "Windows" during the input prompting. A surface has no

incidental internal heat gain characteristics and it is not associated with "occupancy"

or daylight. A window, on the other hand, is an opening associated with a room. Occupant heat gains, and daylighting are calculated for rooms with windows. Surfaces

require only position and glazing descriptors, (if glazing is' present), whereas windows

and their adjoining rooms require occupancy related information.

Input data are entered from logical unit 5 and the entered data are written to logical

unit 7. A user may, subsequent to an initial interactive run and the creation of an

input file at unit 7, add the created input file and suppress the computer generated

input prompts. A datafile representing a hypothetical urban area is illustrated in

section 3.3. The UNIVAC 1108 System Commands used to add the datafile is shown in

Fig. A. 3.

A. 1.1 Input Data Processing

Format statements comprising the input data prompts are found at the end of both the

MAIN program and subroutine SURFAC. (Listings of all programs and subroutines are

67
Fig. A.l Flowchart of solar availability pro^am SO LITE. Subroutines^ are indicated by BOLD type, and functions by circles. Note that returns from

subroutines are not shown on this simplified flow chart. (Returns are to

point of subroutine CALL statement.)

68
iiiAfH

UUraN VP

Fig. A.2 Flowchart of SOLITE indicating siitroutines and areas in

program devoted to interactive input sequencing. These areas

highlighted.

the are

69
found in Appendix D). Data are converted from SI units to English units (or visa versa)

by reference to the specific conversion factors found in the CONV array of the MAIN

program. The CONV array factors refer to the alphanumeric unit descriptors in array

CON.

Input read by the main program includes:

1. run type descriptors (whether the run is for creating a new weather file or for

calculating surface gains; whether the run uses a shortyear or long year;

whether solar radiation exists in the weather data file or not, and whether the

output is in the form of daily summaries or hourly files); 2. general site descriptors, (longitude and latitude, time zone, and elevation), and

i. room occupancy data (type of room classification as either retail, office

commercial or residential; number of occupants, and designed electrical load).

Subroutine SURFAC prompts for specific information on window location and type:

1. the location of the window relative to the street canyon and the cross street;

2. the size of the window;

3. the types of materials comprising the street canyon for reflection calculations,

and

4. the specifications of the window assembly.

aXQT SOLITEl.MAIN

THIS PROGRAM READS A CLIMATE TAPE AND CALCULATES THE RADIATION ON

USER SPECIFIED SURFACES. IT ALSO ENABLES THE USER TO

FIND TOTAL HEAT GAINS IN USER SPECIFIED ROOMS.

THIS OPTION IS USEFUL FOR THERMAL ANALYSIS. PROGRAMS THAT

ARE NOT SPECIFIC TO BUILDING THERMAL ANALYIS.

THE FILES MUST BE ASSIGNED TO THE FOLLOWING DEVICES

FILE 7: THE INPUT DATA IS WRITTEN INTO FILE.

FILE 3:WEATHER DATA IS READ FROM FILE.

FILE 9; WEATHER DATA IS WRITTEN INTO FILE.

FILE 10: TABULATED OUTPUT TOTAL GAIN ON NODES INTO FILE.

FILE ll:TABULTED SOLAR GAIN ON SURFACE INTO FILE.

FILE 12: TABULATED DAYLIGHT LEVELS INTO FILE.

FILE 13: TABULATED USEABLE DAYLIGHT HOURS INTO FILE

ALL VARIABLES ENTERED MUST BE REAL NUMBERS. < X. Y)

FOR INTERACTIVE RUN ENTER 0. IF INPUT FILE IS ADDED. ENTER 1. >1

>dADD FILE/.

Fig. A.3 An example runstream using a previously created input data file

(from logical unit 7) as an input file, and suppressing interactive prompts.

Note the UNIVAC 1108 logical unit, and data file assignment sequence.

This would be replaced by the PROGRAM statements on CYBER mainframes.

70
If glass surfaces are involved, subroutine RHO accesses parameters of the specified

glazing types. Four types of glazing may be specified: reflective, heat absorbing,

clear, and a glass of the user’s own choice. In addition to glass, 10 other glazing

materials may be chosen. Street canyon facade descriptors are input to RFX. Two

materials may be input for each street canyon surface, for example, the facade

opposite the room may comprise brick and glass. This subroutine keeps track of the

street the user is describing (whether primary or secondary) and ailso keeps track of

the surface materials and amounts of surface materials comprising a surface.

Alphanumeric arrays found in subroutine RHO prompt the user for the proper street

canyon plane.

A. 1.2 Weather Data Input

Weather file formats are specified in section 3.1. Data are read from logical unit 8 by

subroutines DAYC or DAYRAC depending on the type of weather data files created.

In both cases, hourly weather data are necessary. DAYC is called if only cloud data

are available (eg. TRY, 1440). DAYRAC is called when direct normal and total

horizontal solar radiation data are avciiiable in the weather file. As SOLMET typically

provides only direct normal radiation for the sites it covers, DAYRAC will calculate

horizontal radiation and develop a diffuse to direct component ratio (using the

Kimura/Stephenson algorithm) from the associated cloud data. A flowchart

illustrating the position of the subroutines accessing weather files is shown in Fig. A.4.

The following descriptions of algorithms use the variable names found in the program

listings in order to allow the reader easier access for possible changes to the program.

The user must prepcire a weather data file for the program to access NOAA data. The

read statement for the datafile with only cloud data is; READ(8) DBT, DPT, WBT, WSP, BPR, CCT, TOC, WDR, YY, lYEAR, IMON, IDAY, IC

The read statement for a fiie containing radiation data is; READ(8) DBT, DPT, WBT, WSP, BPR, CCT, TOC, WDR, RDT, RDR, lYEAR, IMON, IC

Variable descriptions are given in section 3.1. Weather files for the_jjser specified

months of the year are re-written to logical unit 9 in the following format;

WRITE (9) DBT, DPT, WBT, WSP, BPR, CCT, TOC, WDR, RDT, ROR, lYEAR, MON,

DAY, IC

where;

DBT Dry Bulb Temperature (FO or CO)

DPT Dew Point Temperature (FO or CO)

WBT Wet Bulb Temperature (FO or CO)

WSP Wind speed (Knots, ms“l)

BPR Barometric pressure (in HG, KPa)

CCT Cloud cover, total (from 0. to 10. tenths)

TOC

WDR

Type of cloud;

0=cirrus

1 rstratus

2=other (cumulus)

Wind direction in 16ths clockwise from the north

71
Fig. A. 4 Weather data files (logical unit 8) are read by the subroutines

highlighted in the flo-wchart above.

72
RDT Total radiation on a

horizontal surface (BTU Ft~2 Hr"l, Wm~2)

RDR Direct radiation on a

horizontal surface (BTU Ft”2Hr“l, Wm-2)

I YEAR Four digit integer signifying year

MON Two digit integer signifying month

DAY Two digit integer signifying day of month

IC Five digit integer city code (from TRY or TMY tapes)

A.2 SOLAR RADIATION CALCULATIONS

SOLITE computes clear sky radiation in the absence of user supplied radiation data. A

modifier is then applied to the clear sky figure to arrive at a cloud modified hourly

radiation figure for a horizontal surface. Subroutines used for these calculations are

illustrated in the flowchart of Fig. A.5.

A.2.1 Direct and Diffuse Clear Sky Solar Radiation

The intensity of clear sky radiation is calculated in subroutine SUN using ASHRAE

algorithms outlined in NBSLD [371 , the Building Energy Loads Calculation Program. In addition to the direct/diffuse split on a horizontal surface, SOLITE determines that

same ratio for ail the street canyon surfaces and user-specified surfaces. This

requires the calculation of solar position. Solar position is also required for the

computation of shadows. Subroutines SUN and SUNPOS calculate the position and the

direct to diffuse radiation ratio for cloud cover data bases and SOLMET radiation data

bases respectively. Descriptions of the variables are found in the appropriate listings

in Appendix D. Both SUN and SUNPOS contain the following calculations;

1. The equation of time (EOT), declination angle (DEC), apparent solar irradiation

with an air mass of 1 (A), atmospheric extinction coefficient (B), and the diffuse

radiation factor (C). Extraterrestrial radiation values are stored in arrays

located in subroutines SUN and SUNPOS. Values used in the calculations have

been derived by ASHRAE [38]:

SOLFAC(I)=AO(I)+Aia)*Cl+AZ(I)*CZ*A3(I)*C3+Bl(I)*Sl+BZ(I)*SZ+B3(I)*53

where;

SOLFAC(I) Solar position and intensity factor

1=1 through 5; Solar declination angle. Equation of time, A,B,and C,

respectively

A0,A1,A2,A3,B1,B2, and B3 are listed in Table A.l

X Angular position of earth each day around sun, January 1= (2*Pi/366)

Cl Cos(X)

C2 Cl2-Sl2

C3 C1*C2-S1*S2

51 Sin(X)

52 2*S1»C1

53 C1*S2+S1»C2

This equation is a fit to the tabular values of A, B, C, EOT and extraterrestrial

radiation found in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals (1977).
Fig, A.5 Clear day solar radiation^ and cloud cover modifiers are calculated in subroutines highlighted in the flowchart.

I
2. For each hour, the hour angle is calculated:

HRANG=15*(IHR-12+TZN+EOT-IDST)-LONG

where:

IHR Time of day (solar time)

HRANG Angular position of sun with respect to true south (in degrees)

TZN Time zone indicator

EOT Equation of time (50LFAC(2))

IDST Daylight savings time indicator. IDST is calculated in DAYC or DAYRAC. It is 1 during daylight savings time and 0 during standard

time.

3. The hour angle at sunrise:

HRPOS= -Sin(DEC)*(Cos(DEC)hl *Tan(LATD)

where:

HRP05 The sunrise angle

DEC Solar declination: Sin(DEC)=SNDEC:

Cos(DEC)=CSDEC

LATD Site latitude, north positive: Tan (LATD)=TNLATD

4. Direction cosines of the sun's relative sky vault position. Refer to Fig. A.6 for

illustration of variables:

Cos(Z)=5in(LATD)*Sin(DEC)+Cos(LATD)*Cos(DEC)*Cos(HRANG)

where:

Z Zenith angle

W Hour angle to the east-west axis

Cos(W) =Cos(DEC)*Sin(HRANG)

TABLE A,1

VALUES OP COEFHCIENTSIN SOLEAC EQUATION

SOLFAC(I)=AO(IhAia)*Cl+A2a)*C2+A3(I)*C3^Bia)*Sl-hB2(I)*S2+B3(I)*S3

I AO A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3

1 0.302 -22.9 -0.229 -0.243 3.851 0.002 -0.055

2 -0.0002 0.4197 -3.2265 -0.0903 -7.35 -9.39 -0.3361

3 368.4 24.52 -1.14 -1.09 0.58 -0.18 0.28

4 0.1717 -0.0344 0.0032 0.0024 -0.0043 0 -0.008

5 0.0905 -0.410 0.0073 0.0015 -0.0034 0.0004 -0.0006

75
Fig. A.6 Variables used

to determine sun's

relative sky vault

position: according to

equations A.2.3-4.

Fig. A.7 Variables used

to determine the angle

of incidence on a surface in the street

canyon. Note that

street canyon surfaces on walls, and the street are vertical and

horizontal respectively.

Roof surfaces may have

a specified tilt. Refer

to equation A.2.7 for

application of

variables. Street axis

(STAXIS) and the

azimuth of the face of

the street canyon with

respect to the sun's

position (BLKSAZ) are used to determine the

side of the street

receiving radiation in

subroutine SUNSID.
Cos(S) =(1-Cos(Z)2-Cos(W)2)0.5

where:

S Angle between the sun and the origin of the geometric calculation.

5 . Clear sky hourly direct normal radiation intensity:

DNOIHR=(SOLFAC(3)*e(-50LFAC(4)*(Cos(Z)>-r))

where:

DNOIHR Direct normal radiation

50LFAC( 3) Apparent solar irradiation at air mciss =1: A

SOLFAC(4) Atmospheric extinction coefficient: B

Cos(Z) Cosine of the zenith angle.

6. Clear sky diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface:

RDFlHR=SOLFAC(5)*DNOIHR

where:

RDFIHR Clear sky diffuse solar radiation

SOLFAC(5)Diffuse radiation factor: C.

7. Angle of incidence and direct beam radiation -are computed in subroutine

SUN5URF, and for the street canyon planes in subroutine SUNSID. The variables are listed in Fig. A.7;

ANGINC=Cosrl(Cos(WALT))*Cos(Z)+Sin(WALT)*Sin(WLAZ)*Cos(H)+5in(WALT)

Cos(WLAZ)*Cos(S)

where:

ANGINC Angle of direct beam incidence on a surface measured to surface

normal

WALT Surface tilt angle:

Cos(WALT)=C5WALT(ISURF)

Z Zenith angle; Cos(Z)=COSIH

WLAZ Surface azimuth angle: Cos(Z)=COSIH

H Solar azimuth to true south vector:Cos(H)=DRC2IH

S Solar angle to true south vector:Cos(S)=DRC3IH.

Although this algorithm employs the ASHRAE [39] method for determining clear day

radiation, other methods such as that proposed by Atwater and Ball [40] and the NOAA

developed coefficients for SOLMET radiation data [41] 'may also be tested in future

applications. A more precise method for determining solar radiation which accounts

for turbidity, aerosols and spectral distribution of the air mass may be found in

reference [42].

A. 2. 2 Cloud Modified Solar Radiation

A series of methods have been devised to calculate direct and diffuse solar radiation

as a function of cloud cover and cloud type. Building energy loads analysis computer

algorithms, such as NBSLD, often include solar radiation generators for use with

weather tapes like TRY and 1440. NBSLD employs the Kimura/Stephenson method [4 3] DoE2 uses the Boeing algorithm [44] , and building energy performance algorithms

accessing SOLMET or TMY data use the regression coefficients developed by the

National Climatic Center [45]. A comparison has been made between these different

solar radiation algorithms. Results of these comparisons will be reported in

77
reference l46l.

The Kimura/Stephenson algorithm used in conjunction with TRY year data, predicts

generally more insolation than long-term SOLMET, and less than Kusuda and Ishiil47l

predicted with the Liu-Jordan [48] algorithms in a comparison of weather data from 8

cities. A synoptic comparison is illustrated in Fig. A.8. Selection of the best

algorithm for insolation calculation from cloud cover data was not possible due to the

inconsistent results from TRY based solar radiation calculations. Comparison with

SOLMET indicated that Kimura/Stephenson data agreed in some cases, whereas the

Boeing appeared to fit the SOLMET data better in others. A lack of long term

consistent measurement of cloud cover, cloud type, direct solar insolation and

horizontal insolation has made statistically rigorous comparisons and ratings of the

different cloud modifier models impossible. Lack of this data has led to the

correlation based functions and regression based coefficients found in all of the cloud cover algorithms and existing solar radiation data bases. Cloud cover based solar

radiation modifying coefficients found in the three algorithms, Kimura/Stephenson,

Boeing and SOLMET are shown in the curves of Fig. A.9. This program uses the

Fig. A.8 Radiation data from Kusuda/Ishiiy long term SOLMET and TRY

based Kimura/Stephenson calculations are compared. The solar radiation curves have been calculated with the various weather data bases

illustrated. Although the Boeing algorithm predicts radiation in the

Washington D.C. case within 10% of the other processors, the amount of

direct normal radiation calculated exceeds both SOLMET and

Kimura/Stephenson based calculations. The SHORTYEAR data base

consistently predicts lower radiation totals for June and September. Little

difference is perceived between the modified Kimura Stephenson (using

only the lowest layer of cloud data for the radiation coefficient), and the

original algorithm (using all four layers of cloud data) results.

AUeRACE DAILY RADIATION UASHIN6T0N D.C.. 19S7 AVERAGE DAILY RADIATION UASHINGTON D.C.. 1957 3MMas»M

K

J ae«M

/n

XI 15M0

leoM

5ee«

:

- —

, /. /;/—

- vJ

i

1

ta

ITONTH SOLID STEVENSON DASH3 • NODIFIED KINURA-SOLflET DASH • SHORT YEAR SOLNET DOT • SHORT YEAR DODIFIEO IC-S

nONTH

SOLID • TRY SOLNET 0ASH3 • TRY <-S DASHS • LONG-TERN SOLNET

DASH • TNY DOT THY NODIFIED K-S DASH^ • KUSUDA-ISHII

78
AVERAGE TOTAL DAILY RADIATION UASHINGTON D.C.. 1957 AVERAGE TOTAL DAILY RADIATION UASHINGTON D.C., 1957

nONTH SOLID • LONG TERN SOLNET DOT . SOLflET TRY DASH • nODIFIEO K-S TRY DASH3 • BOEING TRY

nONTH SOLID • SOLNET TRY DASH • SOLNET SHORT TRY DOT • NODIFIED K-S TRY DASH3 • NODlFtED K-S SHORT TRY

AVERAGE DIRECT NORNAL RADIAHON UASHINGTON D.C., 1957

NONTH SOLID - NODIFIED K-S TRY DOT • BOEING TRY

DASH • TRY

AVERAGE DAILY DIRECT NORNAL RADIATION UASHINGTON D.C., 1957

NONTH

SOLID • NODIFIED KINURA-STEVENSON REAL YEAR. DOT • NODIFIEO KINURA-STEVENSON SHORT YEAR.

79
CLEAR SKV RAOtATlON FACTORS FOR SOLHET, UASHINGTON D.C. CLEAR SKY RADIATION FACTORS FOR KIHURA-STEPHENSON

TENTHS SOLID • NO PRECIPITATION DOT • UITH PRECIPITATION

TENTHS SOLID SPRING DOT • SUPINEH DASH • FALL DASH3 • UINTER

CLEAR SKY RADIATION FACTORS FOR BOEING ALCORITHN, HIGH ANGLE CLEAR SKY RADIATION FACTORS FOR BOEING ALGORITHN, LOU ANGLE

TENTHS SOLID • CIRRUS DOT • STRATUS DASH • OTHER

TENTHS

SOLID • CIRRUS DOT • STRATUS DASH OTHER

Fig. A.9 Cloud based radiation modifying coefficients from Boeing,

SOLMET and Kimura/Stephenson are compared. In all cases, the factor is a modifying coefficient for clear day radiation values.

80
Kimura/Stephenson cloud cover algorithm, as it produces a non-linear ratio between

diffuse and beam radiation with increasing cloud cover. The algorithm does deviate

from the original Kimura Stephenson method by accessing only the lowest cloud layer

of cloud cover data for the calculation of the modifying coefficient. Thus the amount

and type of cloud used in the insolation calculation is from one layer, rather than the

four layers specified in the original Kimura/Stephenson method.

SOLITE calculates both direct and diffuse radiation as a function of the cloud cover. The Boeing algorithm used in DoE2 computes both diffuse and direct solar radiation

using a constant coefficient ratio. This results in a constant diffuse/direct ratio for

all cloud cover types and amounts. SOLMET regressions may be used to calculate

horizontal solar radiation data, but requires a second algorithm for computing the

respective proportion of diffuse and direct insolation on vertical and tilted surfaces.

The algorithm resident in subroutines SUN and SUNPOS calculates radiation intensity

as a function of cloud cover:

1. Cloud cover amount is read from weather tape and is partially a function of the

cloud type:

CC=CCT

where:

CC Cloud cover amount

CCT 0.5*CC if TOC=0: ie. Type of cloud is cirrus. Thus cirrus reduces

radiation only half as much as stratus or cumulus.

2. Cloud cover based radiation modifier is quadratic function from an empirical fit to

data:

CM=P+Q*CC*R»CC2

where:

CM Cloud cover modifier

P Cloudless sky factor

Q First order coefficient

R Second order coefficient

and P, Q, and R are listed in Table A.2 as a function of season.

TABLE A.2

COEFnCIENTS OP CLOUD COVER FUNCTION CM=P^^Q*CC+R*CC2

MONTH Sin(ALT) P Q R

March 0.5-0.9 1.06 0.012 -0.0084

June 0.5-i.O 0.96 0.033 -0.0106

September 0.5-0.9 0.95 0.30 -0.0108

December 0.3-0.5 1.14 0.003 -0.0082

81
3. A solar altitude dependent factor is determined:

FACSLT=0.309*Cos(Z)+0.394*(Cos(Z))2

where:

FAC5LT Solar altitude dependent factor

Z Zenith angle: Cos(Z)=COSlIH

4. From Kimura/Stephenson:

EMPCST=Cos(Z)*(C+Cos(Z))-4(P-1)*(1-FACSLT)-1

where:

EMPCST Ratio of direct to total horizontal radiation

C Diffuse sky factor

5. Direct radiation on a horizontal surface, cloud modified:

RDR=RDT*EMPCST*(l-CC*10-i)

where:

RDR Hourly direct radiation on a horizontal surface

RDT Hourly total radiation on a horizontal surface, clear day

6. Diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface, cloud modified:

RDF=RDT*(CM-EMPC5T*(1-CC* 10-i))

where:

RDT Diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface,

CM Cloud modifier factor

All solar radiation calculations are performed in English units (BTU Ft"2Hr“i) and

results are converted to SI, if necessary, before final printing.

A. 2. 3 Urban Insolation

The lack of a large pool of measured urban, suburban and rural data from contiguous

locations has led to the use of a simple fit to a sole data source curve (Fig. A. 10) from

Meinel and Meinel [49] . The coefficients used to modify solar diffuse and beam

radiation are found in subroutine URBAN and are a function of the altitude. For every

15° change in the solar altitude, a new coefficient is applied to both the diffuse and

direct radiation. Generally, the urban diffuse radiation increases and the direct beam

decreases, while there is an overall reduction of about 10% in the urban measured

radiation when compared with desert insolation data. The diffuse radiation comprises

about 22% of the urban radiation, while in a desert environment, the diffuse

component comprises only 8% of the total terrestrial solar radiation. The user calls

these coefficients in the URBAN program by indicating an urban location during the

input stage. If this simple fit is to be avoided, the flag is set to 0.

82
Fig. A. 10 Defining curves for

solar flux variation with solar

altitude for desert and

standard atmospheres.

Curves for urban radiation are derived from

observations on the eastern

seaboard of the United

States and are defined in

subroutine URBAN. (After

Meinel and Meinel 49 .)

83
A. 3 SURFACE POSITION AND CONTEXT DEPENDENCY OF INSOLATION

Solar radiation incident on a surface is determined by the surrounding environment's

shading and reflection characteristics. In urban environments, the surrounding context

may increase the solar gain on the building by reflecting incoming radiation from other

buildings, or reduce the amount of gain by shading a particular surface. SOLITE

contains algorithms to compute both the diffuse and beam radiation behavior in the

urban street canyon. Algorithms account for shading from nearby buildings, and for

interreflections within the street canyon.

A. 3.1 Diffuse Insolation

Calculations concerning radiation intensity on a surface are performed in subroutines

VFSRF, VFF, 5UNSID, and SUN5RF. The relative location of these subroutines in the

overall program structure is shown in Fig. A. 11.

Calculation of incident diffuse solar radiation on a surface includes;

1. calculation of view factors between the major street planes and clear sky,

2. calculation of view factors between overhangs, reflectors and street planes

(simplified method applied in program),

3. calculation of view factors between window (or surface) and street planes,

overhangs, and reflectors,

4. calculation of a total component from clear sky to surface, decremented by

reflector view factor to surface, and

5. calculation of vertical (or tilted) diffuse Insolation coefficients.

View factors between street planes and clear sky are calculated in subroutine VFSRF.

This subroutine calls one of eight possible functions used to calculate view factors.

Relationships between the street planes forming the street canyon and sky are shown

in Fig. A. 12.

View factors are calculated in the functions accessed by:

VFR(ISTS,0,OPP)=F(A,B,C,ANG)

where;

VFR The view factor of a surface OPP frorh a surface O on a street named

ISTS, (ISTS may equal either 1 or 2 depending on whether the street is primary or secondary)

F One of five view factor functions dependent on the context of the

surfaces

A,B,C Descriptors of the dimensions of surface O and OPP, and distance

between the two

ANG Angular relationship between O and OPP

Five specific functions for (F), each called by subroutine VFSRF, are referenced for

the view factors associated with the street canyon planes, as well as those defined for

the windows and surfaces.

84
Fig. A.ll Highlighted portions of the flowchart contain subroutines used to

calculate diffuse solar radiation factors in the street canyon and on the

specified surfaces.

85
Fig, A.12 Diffuse insolation in a street canyon is determined hy

calculating the view factors to the viewed street canyon planes^ and

weighting the viewed plane's sky radiation exchange factor by the

reflectance of the street surface.

1. For hemispherical sky radiation:

VF=0.5*(l-Cos(ANG)) 30]

where:

VF View factor

ANG Angle between horizon and obstruction. For street plane view

surfaces, the angle is cadculated from the midpoint of the surface.

2. For small surfaces perpendicular to a larger one: [51]

Function VF=FPR(A,B,C)

where:

FPR=Atan(C*A-l)-A*((A2+B2)-0.5)*(c*(A2+B2)-0.5)

A, B, C are illustrated in Fig. A. 13

86
or alternately, in a subsequent version of this program, the following calculations will

be performed for a more accurate calculation of interrefiection between street canyon

planes:

Function VF=FCPR(A,B,H)

where:

FCPR=0.5*Pi*(Atan(B*H“l)-H*(A2+B2)-0.5*Atan(B*(A2+H2)-0.5))

and A, B, and H are illustrated in Fig. A. 14.

3. For a small surface parallel to a larger surface:

Function VF=FPP<A,B,C)

where:

FPP=2*B/((A2+B2)*Atan(C*(A2+B2)-0.5)+2*c*(A2+c2>-l

+Atan(B*(A2+c2)-0.5

and A, B, and C are illustrated in Fig. A. 15, or in a future alternative:

Function VF=FCPP(A,B,H)

where:

FCPP=0.5^Pi*(A*(A2+H2)-l)-*Atan(B*(A2+H2)-l)

+B*(B2+H2)-l+Atan(A*(B2+H2)-l)

and A, B, and H are illustrated in Fig. A. 16.

4. For a small surface, not perpendicular to a larger surface where ANG is greater

than 90<5 and less than ISO^:

VF=FSPR(A,B,C,ANG)

where:

FSPR=Atan(C*Cos(ANG)*(A)"l)-((A*Cos(ANG)

+B*Sin(ANG))*(A2+B2)-0.5»Atan(C*(A2+B2>-0.5)

+(C*Sin(ANG)*(A2+B2>^-5)

Atan(A*Sin(ANG)*(A2+c2)-0.5)

-Atan(B*(A2+C2)-0.5)

and A, B, C and ANG are shown in Fig. A.17.

5. For a small surface not parallel to a larger surface, where ANG is greater than

0° and less than 90°:

VF=FSPP(A, B, C, ANG)

where:

FSPP=-2*5in(ANG)*(B*(A2+B2)-0.5)*Atan(C*(A2+B2)-0.5)

+C*(A2+c2)-0.5)*Atan(B*(A2+c2)-0.5)

and A, B, C, and ANG are illustrated in Fig. A. 18.

The following functions will be integrated in future versions of SOLITE. The functions

listed below will be used in conjunction with VFF or the diffuse interrefiection

subroutine:

1. For a surface similiar in size to the viewed surface and perpendicular to the

viewed surface:

VF=FFPR (A,B,H)

where:

FFPR = l*Prl*(Atan(B*H-l)+A»H-l*Atan(B*A-l)

-(A2+H2)0.5*H-l*Atan(B*(A2+H2)-0.5)

4-H*(4*B)-l*Ln((A2+B2*H2

87
*((a2+b2)*(b2+h2))-1

+A2*(4*B*H)-l*Ln((A2+B2+H2)

*a2»((a2+b2)*(a2+h2))-1

-B*(A*H)-l)*Ln((A2+B2»H2)*B2

*((a2+b2)*(h2+b2)))

and A, B, and H are illustrated in Fig. A. 19.

2. For a surface similiar in size, and parallel to the viewed surface:

VF=FFPP(A,B,H)

where:

FFPP=2*(A*B*Pi)l*(BMH2+A2)0.5*Atan(B*(A2+H2)-0.5)

+A*(B2+H2)0.5_B*H»Atan(B*H-l)

-A*H*Atan(A*H-l)-0.5*H2Ln((H2+A2+B2)*H2)

*(a2+h2)*(b2+h 2))-1)

where A, b and H are shown in Fig. A. 17.

View factors are calculated between the window and the surfaces viewed by the

window. These same functions are used in the analysis of street view factors.

Caveats of the view factor analysis for the windows and streets include:

1. the window width determines the width of the view factor function used in

FFPR, when the view factors are calculated between the window and the

overhang or reflector, and

2. width of the viewing surface is used in the FFPP calculation of view factors.

A new subroutine will be incorporated in the program to reduce the error in the

calculation of diffuse radiation interreflection in a street canyon. Presently, the view

factor calculated in VFSRF considers only the reflection from the opposite surface and

the view factor of the sky from the window. In the next program issue, the view

factor from the surface to clear sky is Ccilculated in function VFF. This function

calculates a partial sum of the infinite sum describing the effect of hemispherical

diffuse solar reflection on a street canyon environment. A partial sum accounts for

two series of reflections and view factor calculations beyond the window or surface

being analyzed:

VFF=VF(l,2)*VF(2,sky)*RFF(2)+VF(l,2)*VF(2,N)*VF(N,5KY)*RFF(2)*RFF<N)...

where:

VFF View factor sum function for diffuse radiation

VF(1,2) View factor from window to a surface in the street canyon

VF(2,SKY) View factor from surface in the street canyon to the sky

RFF(2) Diffuse reflection coefficient of the street canyon surface.

VF(2,N) View factor from street canyon surface to another street canyon

surface (N)

VF(N,5KY) View factor from street canyon surface to sky

RFF(N) Diffuse reflection coefficient of the street canyon surface

RFF=(ratio of material type 1 * diffuse reflection coefficient of

material 1 + ratio of material 2 * diffuse reflection coefficient 2)

A given surface is not only influenced by the viewed planes surrounding it, but also by

its tilt, the sector of the sky it views, and the sky's cloud distribution. A function,

from Threlkeld [52] , relates diffuse solar radiation on a vertical surface to that on a

horizontal surface. The ratio is dependent on the cosine of the angle of beam

incidence. This vertical wall factor is calculated in subroutine SUNSID for each street

88
Fig. A.13 Variables A, B, and C Fig. A. 14 Variables A, B, and H

for equation A.3.1.2a. for equation A.3.1.2b.

Fig. A. 15 Variables A, B, and C

for equation A.3.1.3a.

Fig. A.16 Variables A, B, and H

for equation A.3.1.3b.

Fig. A. 17 Variables A, B, C and

ANG for equation A.3.1.4

Fig. A.18 Variables A, B, C and

ANG for equation A.3.1.5

Fig. A. 19 Variables A, B, and H

for equation A.3.1.6.

89
canyon plane, and in subroutine SUNSRF for each user specified surface:

WALFAC=0.55+.4 37 *COSINC+0. 3 1 3*COSINC2

where:

WALFAC Vertical wall radiation factor

COSINC Cosine of the solar beam's incident angle

For a tilted surface:

WALFAC=Cos(WLALT)+WALFAC*(l-Cos(WLALT))

where:

WLALT Tilt of receiving surface from horizontal

Hypothetically, a simlliar function may be used for both solar radiation and sky

illuminance. In SOLITE, the algorithms used to compute the sky illuminance

distribution could also be used to define the diffuse radiation. The diffuse radiation

from the sky vault would be a function of the angle of view of the sky vault, and the

sky condition. Three types of sky condition have been defined by Lim et. al. [53]: a

clear sky, a cloudy sky, and an overcast sky. Clear sky radiation varies from a high

around the sun to a low at the opposite reflex position on the sky vault, whereas an

overcast sky has a more uniform radiation distribution. Various reports support the

hypothesis of similiarities between the distribution of sky illuminance and diffuse

radiation [54]. A link between the illuminance distribution function and the diffuse

radiation processor remains to be made.

Total diffuse radiation on a surface is calculated in subroutine SUNSRF, and is a

function of the diffuse sky radiation, the reflected diffuse radiation and the diffuse

portion of the reflected beam radiation. Scattered, reflected beam solar radiation is calculated from total beam radiation by applying a 20% specular reflection factor to

the beam and assuming hemispheric^ absorption and diffuse reflection for the

remainder.

Each surface comprising the street canyon may comprise two materials. For example,

walls may be of brick and glass, and streets, of asph^t and grass. Matericils chosen by

the program user have pre-stored normal incidence reflection coefficients defined in a data array RFMX in subroutine SURFAC. A normal angle of incidence is assumed for

the stored reflectance values. A material's total reflection coefficient is coupled with

a second value, the specular portion of the reflectance at normal incidence. This

varies from 100% for glass to 0% for brick^. The amount of beam radiation specularly

reflected increases with the angle of incidence. Coincident with the increase in

specular reflection is a decrease of the diffuse reflection. Materials with very high

specular reflection properties (close to 1.0) maintciin this reflection coefficient

through all angles.

4. Discussions with Dr. J. Richmond, Spectrophotometry Group at the National

Measurement Laboratory, NBS have led to the estimated specular/diffuse

reflection properties of some common building materials. These material

properties remains to be explored and documented.

90
Total diffuse radiation is calculated in SUNSRF. THe diffuse sky component is: DIFF=WALFAC(1)*VF(5,1)*TRA(5,1)+WALFAC(N)*VF(N)*VF(N,1)*TRA(N,1)

where:

DIFF Diffuse component factor

WALFAC Vertical wall factor for diffuse solar gain

VF(5,1) Sky view factor from window

VF(N,1) View factor from window to street canyon plane

TRA Transmission and room (or surface) absorption factor

The diffuse component of reflected beam radiation is: DIFFB=RDB(N)*VF(1,N)*TRA(N,1)

where:

DIFFB Diffused beam coefficient solar radiation factor

RDB Scattered beam reflection coefficient for street canyon surface N, is arbitrarily set at 0.8 to indicate 80% of beam radiation reflection in

street Ccinyon is diffuse. Subroutine VFF will define the exact

percentage.

Total diffuse radiation on a surface is: RDFSRF=RDFH*(DIFF+DIFFB)*DIFC+RDRH*DIFF*DFBC

where:

RDFSRF Diffuse solar radiation on a surface

RDFH Hourly clear day diffuse radiation

DIFC Ratio of calculated hourly cloud to clear sky radiation

RDRH Hourly beam radiation

DFBC Ratio of cloud to clear sky beam radiation

In addition to the calculating the beam and diffuse radiation absorbed beyond a glazing

layer, SOLITE also computes the transmitted solar radiation (for daylighting analysis)

and the incident solar radiation at the outer surface of the glazing. Variable TRA

equals 1 for solar radiation on a window, and TRN replaces TRA for calculation of

transmitted radiation. As daylighting on a workplane is a function of the transmitted

radiatoin, TRN is used as the modifying coefficient for illumination. TRA equals 1 for

calculation of incident energy on a perfect light-absorbing surface. The calculation of

incident diffuse radiation in a street canyon is illustrated in Fig. A. 20.

A. 3.2 Direct Beam Insolation Calculation

Diffuse radiation calculations are accompanied by calculations of direct beam solar

radiation in subroutine SUNSRF. Modifying factors (such as shading, reflections, and

angle of incidence) are calculated in subroutines SUNSID, BOUNCE, REFLEX, ANG,

SHADOW and OVRHNG. The relative context of these subroutines in SOLITE is illustrated in Fig. A.21.

Direct beam solar radiation incident on a window or surface is influenced by four

factors:

1. the angle of incidence on the surface,

2. the shadows cast by the surrounding environment and window related overhangs.

91
Fig. A.20 Diffuse insolation calculation comprises the diffuse radiation

from the sky (5), the reflected diffuse radiation from the viewed street

planes (1 thru 4), and the diffuse radiation component from the

interreflected beam radiation component. VFR is the variable name used to

denote the view factor coefficient from the surface to the surface being

analyzed.
naftiN ~]

Fig. A.21 Flowchart indicates sutfroutines used for direct radiation

component calculation.

93
3. the specular reflection from surrounding buildings, streets, roofs, and related

window reflectors, and

4. the angle of incidence on the reflecting surfaces.

Shadow calculations for the block and the street are based on the assumption that

buildings on the same side of the street are of equal height and that cross streets to

the main street are of equal width. Computation of the shadow line on the surface is illustrated in Figs. A. 22.

The analyses of roof aperture shadow configuration and the reflected beam radiation are different from the analysis methods used to calculate shadows on wall apertures.

Roof apertures may be of any orientation, but the shadow analysis and the beam

interreflection analysis assume that the roof surface is a horizontal plane with outlines

of a horizontal projection of the actual plane. This may lead to gross errors for roof

planes that have a vertical tilt. For vertical tilt surfaces on roofs, use the wall

analysis method.

Shadows cast by the buildings opposite the surface onto associated overhangs or reflectors are calculated with simplified assumptions. Overhangs or reflectors are projected against the wall surface (using the profile angle of the solar beam as the

angle of projection). The shadows on the projected outlines are calculated in a manner

similiar to that used to calculate shadows cast by street canyon surfaces on the

window. The shadow calculation algorithm is illustrated in Fig. A. 2 3.

Computation of shadows cast by the overhang onto the surface or window includes side

edge effects and do not assume an infinite overhang or reflector. Overhangs and

reflectors may be shorter than the window itself. Calculations of side shading fin

effects are not included in the program. Overhang shadows are calculated in

subroutine OVRHNG. Overhang shadows cast upon a reflector are also calculated.

The reflector shape is projected onto the wail and the overhang shadow cast on the

projection is calculated in the manner used to calculate the shadow cast on the window

or surface.

Specular reflections from surrounding buildings, streets, roof and reflectors are calculated in subroutines BOUNCE, REFLEX, and OVRHNG. Beam radiation entering an urban street canyon is reflected and re-reflected by the surfaces and is simultaneously decremented by the solar absorption and beam diffusing characteristics

of the surfaces. This process is illustrated in Fig. A. 24.

Specular reflection properties of the surface are calculated in subroutine REFLEX and

are a function of the incident angle and the material surface properties. Although no

tests have been performed on common building materials in their typical applications, a function was suggested by Dr. J. Richmond of the National Measurement

Laboratory-5. REFLEX=R2+R 3(l-e“X)

where:

REFLEX Specular reflection coefficient of the material

R3 Difference between total and specular reflection at normal incidence

R2 Amount of specular reflection from the material at normal incidence

X Angle of incidence indicator, (x) an arbitrary factor asumes values

from 5 to 0 as the angle of incidence decreases from 90° to 0^.

94
Fig. A22a Shadow calculation for a surface in the street canyon. The user

specifies the location of the surface in the street canyon during entry of

input data. Variables STAXIS (street axis)y STW KPrimary street width),

STW2 (Secondary or intersecting street width), and DISTK (Distance of

surface edge from side of block in direction of STAXIS) are all input be the

user. From the above diagram:

SAZ-SOLAZ-WALZ

RANGIN=STW1/CSAGIN

where:

CSAGIN Cosine of the angle of incidence (ANGC)

HYP=RANGIN*SNAGIN

where:

SNAGIN Sine of ANGC

ANGHYP=Asin(SNSALT/SNAGIN)

where:

SNSALT Sine of the solar altitude

95
Fig. A.22b Shadow calculation in the street canyon^ indicating the effect

of the cross street intersection on the shadow. From the diagram above:

SHDHT=BLKHT(IWOPyRANGIN*SNSALT

where:

SHDHT Height of cross street clear area on wall

BLKHT(IWOP) Height of buildings on opposite side of street

RANGIN Radius length of incident angle

SNSALT Sine of solar altitude angle

SHDIN1=SHDHT-ST\V2TS*TNAGHP

where:

SHDINl Distance of cross street triangle apex from street level

STW2TS Cross street width

TNAGHP Tangent of ANGHYP

B=SHDIN0*TNAGHP+SHDIN1

where:

B Slope of intersection projected shadow edge on street

canyon surface plane

SHADOW AREA=PSRFTP-‘SHDHT+SHDIN1+SHDIN

where:

SHDIN (YY-PINY)*DELTAX: The surface is divided into vertical

strips and the position of the intersection line determines

the area of the unshaded triangular projection

DELTAX 0.2*PSRFLN

96
Fig. A.23 Overhang projection (and reversal of ANGC for reflection)

-calculation. The shadow area on the reflector is calculated as if the

reflector were projected onto the plane of the wall:

PSRFHT=TNlN*OVRWD(n)

or: PSRFHT=TNIN*RFCWD(n)

The shadow cast by an overhang onto the surface is geometrically

calculated from the true position of the overhang relative to the window.

The same algorithm is used here as is used for computing intersection

projections^ except that the window assumes a position analogous to the

street position in an urban canyon.

97
Total beam energy incident on a surface is calculated in SUNSRF;

RDRSRF=(TRBH»RDRS*RDRSHD+RFXB*RDRRF*TRBRH)*DFBC

where;

RDRSRF beam radiation on the surface (calculated in BTU Hr -iFt-2 and later

converted to Wm"2)

TRBH

RDRS

RDRSHD

RFXB

TRBRH

DFBC

transmission factor for beam energy incident on a surface

beam radiation on a surface

Ratio of unshaded surface area Amount of energy reflected onto a window surface

Transmission coefficient of reflected energy

Hourly ratio of cloud modified radiation to clear day radiation

Both the reflected beam energy and the shadow calculations are performed only twice

per month in order to shorten execution time. There is little penalty in accuracy.

Absorbed, transmitted and incident energy are calculated for each surface. The

absorption factor may be used in the thermal analysis node/network file, the

transmitted energy is necessary for the room heat gains and daylighting analysis, and

incident radiation is calculated for the solar radiation data file.

Fig. A.24 The direct beam radiation is decremented and bounced in an

urban street canyon. In subroutine BOUNCE, the depth of beam

penetration is calculated (DROPX) and the reflection factor decrements

the beam bounce on each bounce.

5. Discussions with Dr. J. Richmond of NML, NB5 have led to this general, simple

formula. This function is not based on measurements and must be confirmed.

98
A.4 GLAZING TRANSMISSION

Passive and active solar systems are dependent on glazing systems for the transmission

of solar radiation, and for the preservation of a thermal barrier between two thermally

exclusive environments. Because passive solar (or active solar) thermal system design

is dependent on the glazing assembly design, proper analysis of glazing transmission

properties, and proper modelling of the thermal gains in various pieces of the

assembly, are critic^. This program provides an opportunity to analyze a variety of

glazing materials and their interstitial space combinations. The user has a choice of

reporting heat gain on a particular component in the assembly or he may choose to

report the heat gain on the final absorbing (or room) surface.

An example of the analysis capability of SOLITE is illustrated in Fig. A. 25 where the

absorbed energy in a layer of FEP between a layer of glass and another layer of FEP is calculated. Although the program contains no thermal analysis capacity, the

transmission program does permit the analysis of the absorbed energy in each of the

layers of such an assembly. Heat gain in the user specified layers is output to logical

unit 10. If no layers are specified, heat gain on the final absorbing layer is calculated

by default.

Fig. A.25 The runstream that calculates solar radiation absorbed in a layer

of FEP as part of a glazing assembly. The run is made with an absorbing

surface reflection coefficient of 0.2. The initial part of this runstream is similiar to that illustrated in Fig. 3.2. Note the high transmission

characteristics of 1 mil of FEP. (The heat gain per ft^ resulted in only 1 BTUhr’’^ being absorbed).

ISOMETRIC OF URBAN SITE

A.

/ ! / /SRF/-DST1>/ /

/ ! / 1. / /

. / ! /. . . /. . . STREET AXIS —> 3.

/ / / / / / 2. / /

. / /. . /. . . . .

I 5. !

DESCRIPTION Of- THE SURFACE 1 ON THE PLANE

A NUMBER ON THE ISOMETRIC REPRESENTS PLANE WHERE

THE SURFACE IS LOCATED. ENTER THAT NUMBER

>1.

99
THE SURFACES COMPRISING THE STREET CANYON

MAY BE PICKED FROM THE FOLLOWING. ENTER THE

APPROPRIATE REFRENCE NUMBER FOR EACH SURFACE.

TREES (DECID) 1. TREES (CONIF) 2.

GRASS 3.

BITUMINOUS 4. BRICK 5.

GLASS 6.

CONCRETE 7. METAL 8. SNOW (SUMMER .2) 9.

OTHER 10.

ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE WALL ITSELF

>6. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

>40. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE WALL ITSELF

>5. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE WALL .

> 6. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

>ea

ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE WALL .

> 5. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE STREET SURFACE.

> 4. ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

> 100. ENTER THE MATERIAL OF THE THE OPPOSITE ROOF .

> 4 . ENTER THE PERCENTAGE OF THE PLANE COVERED IN THAT MATERIAL.

>100. ENTER THE DISTANCE FROM THE SIDE EDGE OF THE SURFACE TO THE

CORNER OF THE BLOCK. DISTl IN FT.

(NOTE THAT DISTl IS MEASURED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE STREET AXIS.)

>4as

ENTER THE LENGTH OF THE SURFACE IN FT.

>1.ENTER THE HEIGHT OF THE SURFACE IN FT.

>1.ENTER THE ABSORPTION1 COEFFICIENT OF THE

>0.8
ENTER THE WIDTH OF OVERHANG INFT. IF NONE ENTER 0.

> 1.

I ENTER THE LENGTH. AND HEIGHT ABOVE TOP SILL IN. >ia

>1. INDEX NUMBER FOR OVERHANG. REFLECTOR MATERIALS

ALUMINIUM POLISHED 1. IRON WITH WHITE ENML 2.

WHITE PAINT 3.

GREY PANT 4.

BLACK PAINT 5.

BRICK 6.

WOOD. LIGHT 7.

WOOD. DARK 8.

SNOW. ICE 9.

CONCRETE 10.

ENTER THE SURFACE MATERIAL OF THE OVERHANG

>10. ENTER PERCENTAGE OF OVERHANG WITH THIS MATERIAL.

>ioa

ENTER THE WIDTH OF THE REFLECTOR IN FRONT OF

SURFACE. INFT. ELSE ENTER 0.

>a

ENTER THE HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND OF THE BOTTOM OF

OF THE SURFACE IN FT.

>10. IS THE SURFACE GLAZED. 1

. -YES. 0.-NO

>1. DESCRIPTION OF THE GLAZING-*

ENTER THE NUMBER OF GLAZING LAYERS IN THE SURFACE

>3. ENTER THE INDEX NO. OF THE MATERIAL OF LAYER 1 MATERIAL INDEX NUMBER

GLASS

AIR

POLYCARBONATE

PLEXIGALSS(PMMA)

MYLR(PET)

TEDLAR(PVF)

TEFLON <FEP)

WATER-LIQUID

WATER-SOLID

QUARTZ

OTHER

>1. ENTER THE THICKNESS OF

1 . 2. 3.

4.

5.6 . 7.

8 . 9. 10 . 11 .

GLAZING LAYER 1 IN INCHES

>.25

101
IF MEASURED TRANSMITTANCE* ENTER 0.

IF ORDINARY (^.ASS) ENTER 1. IF WATER WHITE* ENTER 2.

IF HEAT ABSORBING* ENTER 3.

IF REFLECTING* ENTER 4.

>3. ENTER THE INDEX NO. OF THE MATERIAL OF LAYER 2

> 7. ENTER THE THICKNESS OF GLAZING LAYER 2 IN INCHES

>oooi

ENTER 1. IF THIS LAYER* 2 IS IN CONTACT WITH LAYER 1 ELSE ENTER 0.

>a

ENTER THE INDEX NO.’ OF THE MATERIAL OF LAYER 3

>7

ENTER THE THICKNESS OF GLAZING LAYER 3 IN INCHES

>0002

ENTER 1. IF THIS LAYER* 3 IS IN CONTACT WITH LAYER 2

ELSE ENTER 0.

> 0. ENTER 1. IF LAYER 3 IS IN CONTACT WITH ABSORBING SURFACE.

ELSE ENTER 0. >o

SPECIFIED GLAZING SECTION:

I I I I I I I LAYER II 12 13 14 15 16 I

I I I I I I I MATERIAL IHI TRNI AIR 1 FEP I AIR I FEP I AIR I

I I I I I I I

ENTER 0. FOR CALCULATION OF ENERGY ON ABSORBER SURFACE

ELSE. ENTER THE LAYER NUMBER FOR ENERGY, ABSROBED THERE.

> 3. >file 10

JANURY

DAY DRY

BULB

TEMP

F

MAX

TEMP

.DEG.

MIN

TEMP

WIND

SPEED

MPH

RADIATION ON SURFACE

S 1

BTU/F2

1 14. 20. 10. 7. 0.

2 18. 30. 9. 9. 1. 3 25. 38. 12. 7. 1. 4 33. 43. 21. 7. 0. 5 40. 46. 34. 6. 0.

6 49. 63. 39. 7. 0. 7 49. 64. 27. 17. 0.

8

TOTAL

25. 29. 21. 8. 1. MONTH 1. 64. 9. 0. 0.

102
Description of the glazing layers, calculation of the properties of the layers and

cmalysis of the transmission coefficients are performed in subroutines SURFAC,

SRFAB, SUNSRF, and TRANS. Positions of these subroutines in the overall context of

the program are illustrated in the flowchart of Fig. A.26. Glazing descriptions are

input to subroutine SURFAC and RHO. Both the index of refraction and the extinction

coefficient of the glazing assembly matericils are defined in the subroutine. A user may choose from a menu of 10 materials and four types of glass, or he may input the

glazing refraction and extinction coefficients himself. If the choice of materials is from the menu, the subroutine assigns the proper extinction coefficient and refractive

index from arrays GLEX and GLREF respectively. The values in these arrays are

defined by data statements found in subroutine SURFAC. A user may also define the

transmission of the material at normcil incidence, and the program will calculate the

proper extinction coefficient. In addition to defining the extinction coefficient and

the refractive index, subroutine SURFAC also defines the spatial relationship between

the different layers. Congruity of the glazing layers is established by the setting of a number of flags.

In the example glazing assembly previously described, the user would set flags in the

subroutine, in response to the program's queries concerning the congruity of the layer

being described to the previous layer. Program prompts, inputs and responses are

illustrated in the previously referenced Fig. A.25.

Glazing materials are assumed to be specular in nature. This assumption includes the

fined absorbing surface beyond the solar radiation transmitting materiads. Absorption

of the absorbing layer may be input as a single vairied>le (as might be the case for a flat

plate collector) otherwise, SOLITE will internally calculate a reflection coefficient for a room cavity in subroutine SRFABS. This is the case with a window of a room. The

room cavity is not a "flat plate", but rather defines a cavity with a reflectance that is a function of the internal surface reflectances. However, in order for the transmission

subroutine to cadculate the absorptance of the layers, the final absorber must be a

flat, specularly reflecting plate. For the case of the window, the room cavity is replaced by a hypothetical flat plate "mimicking" the absorption of the room. This

final coefficient is internally calculated as a product of room surface interreflections,

view factors to the window from the surfaces, and absorption characteristics of walls,

ceiling and floor. Subroutine SRFABS calculates the view factors in a manner similiar

to the view factor calculations for diffuse radiation distribution in the street canyon:

SRFABS=5VFW*RSRF*WVFS

where:

SRFABS

SVFW

WVFS

RSRF

Total cdjsorption of the window opening

Surface view factor of window

Window view factor to surface

Surface reflection coefficient

View factors to the window are calculated using the same functions referenced by

subroutine VFSRF. These include the function FPP, FPR, FSPR, and FSPP. See

section A. 3.1 for a description of the functions.

The calculation procedure defining the substitute surface absorption of a room cavity

behind a window is a simplified algorithm. A more rigorous approach would use an

103
Ficj. A.26 Subroutines used to determine the transmission and absorbing

properties of a glazing assembly are highlighted in the flowchart above.

104
algorithm similiar to that of Dr. N. Arumi [55]. This rigorous

effects of the beam interreflections within the room and traces tht

room geometry. A matrix based approach to this problem would be i. than the one presented here. Subroutine TRANS calculates the

coefficient of the glazing assembly and defines the absorption in any particv

Reflection and transmission of a material are dependent on the refractive inu

the extinction coefficient. Snell's law describes the refractive index ass GLAREF=Sin(ANGINC)*(Sin(THETA)>-l

where;

GLAREF Index of refraction

ANGINC Angle of incidence on the surface of the material

THETA Angle of refraction in the material

At least two axes of polarization must be accounted for in computing the reflectance

of a glazing surface and the transmission through a defined layer [56]. Errors of 11-13

percent may otherwise result. The reflection in each plane of polarization may be

described by;

R(l)=:Sm(ANGINC-THETA)2*(Sin(ANGINC+THETA))-2 a.4.1

R(2)=TanaNC-THETA)2*(Tan(INC+THETA)>-2 a.4.2

where;

Peroendicular polarized component of reflection

Tan(ANGINC-THETA)2*(Tan(ANGINC+THETA))-2

R(l)

R(2)

where;

R(l)

R(2)

ANGINC

THETA

Perpendicular polarized component of reflection

Parallel polarized component of reflection

Angle of incidence with the surface

Angle of refraction

Specific properties of glazing materials are derived from Bouger's law;

-^g(x)=I^x)Kgdx

where;

K Monochromatic extinction coefficient

I Intensity at x for the specific wavelength g.

Transmittance is the ratio between 1(0) and I(x'), where x' is the opticad thickness of

the material. It is assumed that transmission is fairly constant over the visible range

of wavelengths for the materials listed in the glazing menu (0.5-3 micron range of

radiation);

where;

T Transmittance of the material (range from 0 to 1)

L Actual travel distance of the beam through the materiaii;

L=Thickness*(Cos(THETA))“ ^

.

It has been assumed that the extinction coefficient calculated in subroutine SURFAC

is constant in the wavelengths from 500 nm to 3000 nm were 90 percent of the

extraterrestrial radiation is found. It is also assumed that the refractive index does

not change as a function of wavelength. This is a valid assumption [57], given the

materials that the user may choose from listed in array GLAS.

The extinction coefficient (K) may be expressed as; K=-Ln(T)*L-i

105
If the user enters a transmission coefficient for normad beam incidence, then K is calculated in subroutine SURFAC.

With multiple layers of specular transmitting materials, the reflectance calculation

follows Stoke's equation. For each polarization component:

RHO=R(n)+R(n)*T(n)2*(l-R(n))2*(l+R(n)2*T(n)2+...)

Similiarly for transmittance:

TAU=Kl-R(n))2+T(n)*(l+R(n)2*T(n)2+R(n)^*T(n)^.-.)

where:

RHO Reflection coefficient for parallel surfaces

TAU Trcinsmittance for parallel specular reflecting and transmitting

surfaces

R Reflection coefficient of the individual surfaces (n)

T Transmittance of the material defined by the surfaces

The above relationships may be simplified cind solved as an infinite geometric series

for reflection and transmission respectively by the layers:

RHO=R(l+(T2*(l-R2)*(l-R2*T2hl) A.4.

3

and:

TAU=T(1-R)2*(1-R2*t2)) A.4.4

"106
User defined glazing assemblies are redefined in subroutine TRANS. Each surface pair

is defined as a double layer. These double layers are then substituted as single layers

amd the reflection/transmission cailculation is performed again by the substitution of

the layers. A final layer, or absorber, is assumed to be a specular reflector in order to

maintain the integrity of the solution. This calculation sequence is listed below and

illustrated in Figs. A.27. The transmission algorithm comprises three steps:

1. calculation of the reflection of each surface and the transmission through each

pair of surfaces,

2. calculation of the reflection and transmission through a series of surfaces and

layers, substituting the previous double pair in each subsequent solution, amd

Fig. A.27a View factors of the interior room surfaces to the window and

the reflection coefficients of the interior room finishes determine the

resulting "surrogate^' specular absoption surface.

107
3. Ccdculation of the absorption in the layer chosen by the user, or calculation of

the total transmission of the glazing assembly.

Array sizes in the transmission subroutines must be increased if the material's

properties do not correspond to the above assumptions or if more than 10 layers are

desired. If the glazing does not have constant transmission and reflection properties over the visible range, the trcinsmission subroutine would have to be called for all of

the desired wavelengths. Coefficients for transmission and reflection are continuous over the hemisphere subtending the glazing surface, but SOLITE calculates

transmission only for consecutive 6° arcs. Beam radiation angles of incidence and

hemispherical diffuse solar angles of incidence are converted to an array address for

the appropriate transmission coefficient calculated for each 6° arc.

Fig. A,27b Variables used to

describe the transTnission

(TRNMS) of the glazing for

daylighting analysis and the

absorption of the room or surface (TRABS) in the heat

gain calculations.

108
Fig. A,27c Variables used in the

transmission subrtMttne:

For the two lay- ers of glazing

shown^ the subroutine creates

four material lay- ers (in this

example glass,

air, glass, and air)

and five surfaces

shown above.

Each surface has

a reflection coefficient (R) determined by the

angle of incidence

(ANGIN) and the

angle of ' refraction (O), and each

layer has a transmission coefficient (T) determined by the

length of travel

through the specific material.

109
Fig, A,27d From

ecpiations A.4,2

the total reflection of each layer

(and its boundary

surfaces) and the

total transmission

through a surface

and a layer are

calculated both in

the direction of

the incident beam

and in the direction of the reflected beam (indicated in the variable names by

rrrrP),

110 If

1
Fig. A.27e The

forward and hackward reflections

and transmission are calculated for a series of

surfaces and layers. This itteration is performed

until all the sur- faces and layers

have been successively included in

the calculation.

Ill
A.5 OUTPUT

The output format statements are found in the MAIN program. Output format type is dependent on the user specified output flags. The tests for these occur at the end of

the main program. Before total surface or room heat gains are output to file 10, the

soleu- heat gain, heat gain from occupants and electrical heat gain are summed in the

MAIN program.

112
APPENDIX B

INCIDENTAL GAINS

A function of this program is the preparation of a data file of sensible heat gains in a

given space for thermal loads am^ysis. These heat gains include heat generated by

occupants, electrical lights, and appliances. Finite difference programs such as SINDA, MITAS or DEROB require internal gain Cedculations in order to properly model

the thermal behaviour of a building .

Incidental gains are a function of the building type. The type in turn determines the

occupancy schedules, type of daily use, and intensity of hourly use. Other parameters

that affect the heat gain in a room are the area of the occupied room, and the

designed electrical and occupant loads. Although average internal incidental gain

profiles my be generated for am office or retail space on a square-foot basis, a similiar

generalization is less meaningful in a residence, as residential heat gains are not

uniformly distributed in a house l58l. Electrical appliance gains are heaviest in

kitchens aind living rooms, while night-time occupancy heat gains are heaviest in

bedrooms. This program does not make these distinctions. Residential heat gain is applied uniformly throughout the entire house, and is based on the family size and the

square footage of the space being analyzed relative to the house square footage.

Future refinement will provide a functional relationship between residential heat gain

and room type.

B.l HOURLY PROFILES

Incidental gciins are a function of both time of day and type of day. SOLITE contains

the hourly profiles, but the user must apply the maximum occupant and electrical

design loads to these profiles. These maxima are provided only for the commercial,

office and retail space. For residential analysis the user provides the family size and

room size. Daily heat gain profiles have been reported in numerous sources [59, 60,

61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69] but these data differ amongst each other. For

SOLITE, the hourly energy profiles from these sources were averaged and this average

profile Wcis applied to a maximum daily value. Calculations for internal gains are performed in the MAIN program, subroutines OCHEAT, WKDAY, and HOLDAY. The

relative position of these calculations in SOLITE is illustrated in Fig. B.l.

The greatest variation of daily internal gain profiles is found amongst residential

gcuns. A comparison between several sources for residential occupant gains profiles

and residential electrical use profiles is illustrated in Fig. B.2. Residential occupant

heat gains is close to 100% of the maximum through the evening and early morning

hours, and drops to approximately 40% in the morning, to 20% at noon, and then

returns to 100% in the evenings. The residential occupancy gains used in this program

are shown in Fig. B.2 as a solid line. The profile used in the program is an average of

all the listed profile references and is shown by the solid lines in the figures.

Incidental occupant heat gain profiles for commercial and retail buildings show

agreement in the profiles found in the myriad sources as illustrated in Figs. B.3 and

B.4 respectively. Occupant heat gains are stored in array HGOCC, and may be found

in the MAIN program.

113
Fig. B.l Highlighted subroutines and functions comprise flowchart of

occupant gains subroutines

114
OCCUPANT HEAT GAIN SHCEDULES

l.d

e.s

a.

6

0.2

0.0

Fig, B.2 Residential hourly heat

gain profiles as a

ratio of the

hourly maximum

for all days of the

week. Solid line

profile is used in

SOLITE to gene0 5 10 15 20

HOUR OF DAY

SOLID-AUG. DOT-OTA DASH-HALE DASH3-PHASE 0

DASH5-NBS2 DASH7-NBS4 DASH9-NBS6

25 rate internal

gains, (NBS refe- rences refer to

Ref, 71 ,)

OFFICE OCCUPANT HEAT GAIN SCHEDULES

HOUR OF DAY

SOLID-AUG. DOT-HONYUEL DASH-CALl

DASH3-CAL2 DASH7-PHASE0 DASH9-DUICE

Fig, B,3 Hourly

occupant heat

gain profiles for an officej as a

ratio of the daily

hour maximumj for weekdays,

(Refer to list of

references 59

thru 69 for sources of other

curves,)

115
Although no substantial difference could be discerned between residential weekday and

weekend use data, several sources indicate that these differences may be significant

69 . For both commercial buildings and retail spaces, the difference due to occupant

geiins is significant for the various day typ>es, as shown in Figs. B.3 and B.4.

Appliance and lighting heat gain data from the above sources showed similiar

disagreement in the case of the residential profiles, but more agreement (due to fewer

sources) was shown by the commercial building heat gain profile data. The solid black

line in Fig. B.5 illustrates the residential electrical profile used in this program, and is am average of the profiles surveyed. Heat gain from lights and appliances comprises

the totad residential electrical load contributing to the room's internal heat gain.

Gains to a room due to losses from water heating are assumed to be isolated from the

living space. If residential analysis is specified, gains from lights are segregated from

appliance gains for future incorporation of a "daylight displacement" algorithm. A

closer correlation exists among profiles of residential electrical lighting than among

electrical appliance use profiles all shown in Fig. B.5.

Heat gain from lights and equipment in commercial and retail spaces follows the

respective occupancy schedules closely. Profiles for electrical gains in offices and

retail spaces are illustrated in Figs. B.6 and B.7 respectively. There are fewer sources

of data for commercial building types than for residences. For a weekend or holiday

profile, the data is based on only one source 70 . Electrical lighting and equipment

gains in commercial buildings are characterized by heavy daytime use and reduced

evening use.

B.2 MAXIMUM HEAT GAINS

Profiles for daily heat gains for different day types provide only the ratio of the hourly

heat gain to the maximum possible heat gain. For both retciil and office space, this

maximum is input by the program user as a power rating per square metric of the area

(Wft"2 or Wm"*). Default values are not provided by the program. Typical values that

may be used are 3.25 Wfr*2 in commercial office space, and 10Wft”2 for retail

spaces. Maximum occupant load is entered by the user as a design density figure (eg.

100 ft2 per person in an office space).

Residential maxima are less definitive. In addition to hourly variation of internal

residential gain profiles, the heat gain may be characterized by the size of the family,

and the size of the room in relation to the house. Since most of the residential

profiles assume a 4 member family, the relationship is a function based on the four

member family. A discontinuity occurs if there are only two people in the family, as

it is assumed that the house will not be occupied during the day:

NODOCC=(4-2*NODOCC)*0.25 *(NODRMA*NODFLA-l)

NODOCC Maximum number of people in the household

NODFLA Floor area of the house

NODRMA Area of the room under scrutiny.

Electrical appliance use is not linearly related to the number of occupants: 7

1

NODELC=(NODOCC-4)*0.5+4

where:

NODELC The electrical heat gain multiplier

NODOCC The number of occupants in a house

'116
RETAIL OCCUPANT HEAT GAIN SCHEDULES

HOUR OF DAV

SOLID-AUG. DOT-PHASEO DASH-HONEYUELLl

DASH3-H0NEYUELL2 DASH7-CAL1 DASH9-CAL2

Fig, B,4a Hourly

occupant heat

gain profiles for

weekdays in a retail space^ as a

ratio of the daily

hour maximum

RETAIL OCCUPANT HEAT GAIN SCHEDULE UKND

HOUR OF DAY

SOLID-AUG. OOT-CALl DASH-CAL2

Fig, B,4b Hourly

occupant heat

gain profiles for a

retail space on a weekend. The

California model

buildings study is the only source of

information for

the data.

117
RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICAL HEAT GAIN SCHEDULES TOTAL

HOUR OF DAY

SOLID-AUG. DOT-NBSl DASH-NBS3 DASH3-0TAI DASH3-0TA2

DASH4-0TA3 DASH5-HALE1 DASH6-PHASE0 DASH7-HALEH

Fig. B.5a Residential electrical

heat gain profiles,

total of applian- ces and lights.

(Note references

such as OTAl or OTA2 are from a

series of different

residential

building types —

from single family through apartments reported

in the OTA study.

Ref. 60.)

RES. LIGHTS HEAT GAIN SCHEDULES

DASH4-0TA3 DASH5-HALE1 DASH6-PHASE0 DASH7-HALE2 ectricol lights.

118
RES. APPLIANCES HEAT GAIN SCHEDULES

SOLID-AUG. DOT-NBSl DASH-NBS2 DASH2-0TA1 DASH3-0TA2

DASH4-0TA3 DASHS-HALEl DASH6-PHASE0 DASH7-HALE2

Fig, B.5c Profiles

of heat gain from

residential electrical appliances.

OFFICE ELECTRICAL HEAT GAIN SCHEDULES

HOUR OF DAY

SOLID-AUG. DOT-HONVUEL DASH-CALl

DASH3-CAL2 DASH7-PHASE0

Fig, B,6 Electrical heat gain

profiles for office

'

spaces. Weekend

heat gains for offices are 0,1,

119
RETAIL ELECTRICAL HEAT CAIN SCHEDULE

HOUR OF DAY

SOLID-AUG. DOT-CALl DASH-CAL2

Fig. B.7a Electrical heat gain profiles for retail

space, weekdays.

RETAIL ELECTRICAL HEAT GAIN SCHEDULE UKND

HOUR OF DAY

SOLID-AUG. DOT-CALl DASH-CAL2

Fig. B.7b Electrical heat gain profiles for retail

space, weekends.

120
Finally, total heat gain on a node, both residential and commercial is: NODELC=NODELC*ELEMAX

where:

ELEMAX 1180.0 BTU Hr-1 in the summer and [72]

1291.3 BTU Hr”l in the winter

Sensible gains from occupants are: NODOCT=NODOCC*255 BTU Hr-1 [73] where:

NODOCT Occupant heat input to the node

NODOCC Number of occupants in a house

All of the above calculations occur in the MAIN program. As incidental gains are a

function of day type, three subroutines are used to determine this factor: WKDAY,

HLDAY and OCHEAT.

Subroutine WKDAY calculates days of the week:

KKDAY=1 though 7 where l=Sunday and 7=Saturday

HLDAY calculates legcil holidays in the United States:

IHOL=l for holidays.

Subroutine OCHEAT determines the profile type used as a function of the day type

through a series of tests. Resident!^ occupancy remains unchanged over day type.

Retaiil occupancy has long days during weekdays and holidays, and short days during

weekends. Offices are opened during weekdays only. As a distinction is made between

surfaces and rooms, occupancy gains are not calculated for surfaces, only for occupied

spaces.

121
APPENDIX C

DAYUGHTING CALCULATIONS

At present, the dayiighting calculations are only loosely affiliated with the

calculations for solar gain. Algorithms incorporated in this program were developed

by Research Associate Gary Gillette at the National Bureau of Standards, and have

been compeured to empiric^ data. Basic assumptions of the program include the

following:

1 . the daylighting calculations cire based on a spherical room configuration. Aspect

ratios deviating from a cubic shape may lead to reduced accuracy of the

predictions,

2. only one window may be analyzed at a time, and

3. the estimation of glare is too simplistic. In order to determine a "useable" hour

of daylight, the daylight level at the calculation point closest to the window may

not exceed the brightness of the window by more than a 5.5 ratio [74]

.

Calculation procedures used in the programs (named DALITE) are presented by Gary

Gillette in reference [21] . These analysis programs are linked to SOLITE through

subroutine SUNSRF and the input data is shared by both programs. Array ZSLITE

contains the values used in the daylighting analysis. All inputs to SOLITE are converted to English units before being passed on to DALITE. All values output from

the DALITE programs (shown in Fig. C.l) are in Engiish units.

Two branches comprise the daylighting programs: 5KYLUM and RMLITE. These major

algorithm branches calculate the sky brightness and the room lighting factors

respectively. Before calling the DALITE algorithms, three points are described in the

user defined room. These points form the calculation points for daylight levels in the room. The points occur along the midline of the room, drawn from the window to the

rear wall of the room. A central point is located at the equidistant point from the

window and the rear wall. The first calculation point is a third of the distance from

the window to the central point, and the last point is a third of the distance from the

rear wall to the central part of the room as Illustrated in Fig. 3.12.

Calculated daylight levels at these three points are returned to subroutine SUNSRF

where they are tested agsunst:

1. allowable daylight levels for the three types of occupancies, (set in subroutine

SUNSRF)

2. glare levels, and

3. usefulness of the light. If the occupzincy is less than 10% of the maximum, no

daylight hours are ouput.

122
Fig, C.l Subroutines used for the calculation of daylighting in rooms are accessed from subroutine SUNSURF and are highlighted in the above

flowchart.

123
APPENDIX D

LISTING OF SOUTH

The programs are found listed in the following order:

Page

1. MAIN 125

2. SURFAC 142

3. RHO 151

4. SRFABS 152

5. RFX 154

6. TRANS 155

7. VFSRF 158

8. VFF 163

9. DAYRAC 164

10. SUNPOS 166

11. DAYC 168

12. SUN 170

13. WKDAY 173

14. HOLDAY 174

15. DST 175

16. URBAN 176

17. OCHEAT 177

18. SUNSRF 178

19. SHADOW 184

20. ovRhng 188

21. ANG 190

22. REFLEX 190

23. BOUNCE 191

24. SUNSID 194

25. FPP 195

26. FPR 195

27. FSPP 196

28. FSPR 196

ERRATA

Description Page Replace with

"INFT.".. Found in listings of

SOLITE runs (pp.19-35) are caused

by the lack of a space in a data

array of the program

”PARTION"...found in listings of \V7 Line 303: replace "PARTION” with

SOLITE runs (p. 35) may be replaced "PARTITION”

by "PARTITION" in data arrays.

128 Line 225: replace 6HFT. / with

6H FT. /

124
SUNACT^tSOI

1o

o

4

o

6

7

3

9

IT2K i> .IL4in(0)

COI'IPILEIl (DIAG=3)

C

c

C

C

PLUN PROGRAPI:

10 C LATION

1

1

C PROGRA]

12 c FILE FI 13 c

14 c

15 c

16 c A

17 c AESL

13 c A INC

19 c ALR

20 c ALS

21 c ALU

22 c AMON

23 c ANC

24 c ANGIN

25 c ANGINC

2-6 c ANOD

oy c AREA

23 c BLMHT

29 c ELIDLEN

30 c BPR

31 c CCT

32 c CONV

33 c CCS INC

34 c GSLATD

35 c C3VALT

C6 G CSULAZ

37 c DAIIXIHr 33 c DAY

39 c DBT

40 c DIRCS2

41 c 42 c DIST

43 c DLTDL

44 c 45 c DLTHL

46 c DNORAD

47 c DD?T

43 G DLLMIN

49 c ELEIIAX

50 c ENERGY

51 c FINMN

52 c FLGDLT

53 c FLGFIL

54 G FLGGL

55 c FLGGLL

36 G FLGIN

57 G FLGINA

INITIALIZES VARIABLES AND CALLS SUBROITTINES FOR

iR GAIN AND DAYLIGHTING ON SURFACES AND IN ROOI15.

CALCUTHI3

S A DATA

r.OI-I TUANS SUBROUTINE

SUBROUTINE

DATA

ALPHA ARRAY FOR UNITS OUTPUT

ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT OF SURFACE

‘^NGLE OF INCIDENCE P.ASSED TO TPANS

PiLPHA ARRAY OF ’ROOPI’ INDICATORS

ALPHA ARPAY FOR ’SURcFACE’ INDICATOFS

ALPH-A AFiLAY FOR COZZPGSITE TITLING 0?

ALPHA ARR.AY FOR MONTH NAPES

INCREIENTAL ANGLE OF INCIDENCE P-AS3ZD TO TRAIfS

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE ON 5 SURFACE C0PE03ING STREET G.ANY'ON ANGLE OF INCIDENCE (DIRECT BEEII) ON SURFACE

ALPHA AFJLAY FOR GUPUT NODES

CONAERSION FACTOR FOR AREA

ELCCM HEIGHT OF SIDES OF STFEET C.ANYON

LENGTH OF SLGCI3 COI-PRISING STREET C.ANi*ON

ATMOSPHERIC PPESSURE

CLOUD COAER 1-10

C0PTVEFJ3I0N FP.CTOR ARRAYS

COSINE OF INCIDENCE ANGLE

COSINE OF SITE LATITUDE

COSINE OF SURFACE TILT FROM HORIZONTAl

COSINE OF UAALL AZIIRTTH, CLOCKTMSE

CLIMATE I ND I CATER C

DEGREES . lO'I SOUTH

TEIIFERATURZ)

INDICATES SOLAR

TO ENDS OF BLOCK

AT ONE OF 3 POINTS IN

DAILY riE^YN OF

DAY COUNTER

DRY BULB TEPIPERATUFE

DIPECTION COSINE FRGPI SUN SUEROUTir

POSITION

D I SEANCE FROM EDGES OF SURFAC:

LEVEL OF DAYLIGHT ON UOFGCPL^AN:

THE ROOM, AVEHAGE FOR DAYLIGHT HOURS. FOOTGANDLES.

HOURLY DAYLIGHT LEVEL AT THE C POINTS.

DIRECT N0RI14L PAD I AT I ON( CLOUDLESS SICY)

DEV POINT TEMPERATURE

ARRAY FOR MINIMUPI D.A'iEIGHT LEAELS

IIAMIMUPI ELCTRICAL FATING OF THE ROOPI

CONVERSION FACTOR FOR ENERGY

LAST MONTH OF ANALYSIS

DAYLIGHT FLAG. 1=DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS

lEATHER FILE FLAG, 1 = RAD I AT I ON, 2= CLOUDS

GLAZING FLAG, 1=GLAZED SURFACE, WINDOW

NUT3ER OF LAYER IN GLAZING LAYHIR BEING

INPUT UNITS TYPE FLAG, 1=SI. 2=ENGLISH

PF.OMPT FLAG, 1 = SUPPRESS PROMPTS

ONLY

AN.LLY2ED

123
oo

59

60

61

62

63

64

63

66

67

63

69

70

71

72

73

4 - 73

76

77

73

79

30

31

32

83

35

83

39

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

93

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

103

109

1 10

1 1

1

1 12

1 13

1 14

115

G FLGOT

G FLGOUT

G

G FLGRAD

C FLGSFlF

G FLGST

C FLGTAB

G

C FLGURB

G

C FLET

G FLITGTH

G FLVID

C GLAEXT

G GLAREF

G GLATHK

G HEAT

C HGELE

G HGOCC

G HLDY

C HH3LID

C EESLIT

C lAZZ

I GET

lEST

I HEN

IDYOYR

IFIiEEI

I NDAY

I GST

IR

IRC?

IS

ISRT

ISS

G IS3T

G 1ST

C ISTFLG

ISTRIEI

I STS

ITER

IVFD

IW

IVGP

IY?J)A

IGa)AY

C HITDAY

C NrEnCGI

c noriDA

C NECDES

C NFSimF

G NIT2 G NODELT

G IIOIFLA

C NOEERT

G NODmiT

C NOEGCG

C IIGEOCT

ORLY TA3ULATED FILES,

CUTPTJT UTTITS FLAG

TYPE OF OUTPUT FLAG, l = OriLY TAP

t^oTH

TYPE OF IvEATHER DATA AVAILABLE, l = SOLAPi. DATA, 2= CLOUD DATA OITLY

TEE STREET CAITYON FLARE lUIERE SURFACE IS LOCATED

STREET FLAG, INDICATES lUIETHER PRIZ'LYrlY OR gROoo STREj:,T jRON.iD

TYPE OF TABULATED OUTPUT, 2=SnORTYEAR OUTPUT HOUFiLY, 3=

DAILY SUIE1ARIE5

IF SITE IS IN URBAN AREA, CALL URBAN SuiiRODTiilE, kjIHPLa

FIT TO REPOPlTED DATA, IIEINEL, :t:INEL

HEIGHT OF ROOH

FLOOR LENGTH

WIDTH OF RCOH

GLAZING EirriNCTION COEFFICIENT

GLAZING REFRACTION COEFFICIENT

C

Cc

G

nC

c

c

c

c

c

c

cc

c

cc

c

G

GLAZING THICICrESS

corivu:F,sioN factor for heat

ARRAY FOR PATIO 0? MAXIIIUTI ELECTRICAL USE

ATiRAY FOR PATIO OF rLAJimUH GCGUPANGY

HOLIDAY INDICATOR

D 4ILY EGUFiS OF USEABLE DAYL I Gil 1' I !• G

NONTHLY' HOURS OF USEABLE DAYLIGHTING

ARRAY OF SUN POSITION RELATIVE: T0^.4NI3 OF STREET.

TYPE OF SURFACE 1=WIND0W 2=G0LLEC*0R

CALGUI

OF STFCIET TO

SILAE SIDE OF STRi.E'

OPPOSITE SIDE

,TE TYPi OF'Ji' DAY (IGIDY ARRAY

UTIirC SIRE

3 SURFACE

FRONT

DAY OF YEAR

LAST DAY 0? ANALYSIS

DAY OF nCNTH USED TO

OPPOSITE SIDE

ROOF PLASIE ON

ROOF PLANE ON

SEASON INDEX

SUN RISE HOUR

ARRAY FOR SUNNY STREET SIDE

SUN SET TIIIE ISS FROII SUBROUTINE SURFAG

riAXIIIUM NUEEER OF STTtEETS THAT SURFACES

Smarting nonth

STFRET INDICATOR, 1 = PRIIL4RY. 2=GR0>3 s^TF^^T

IIUT-BER OF ITEFxATIOTIS THE PRCGPAII H.AS IIAD^

ANGLE INDICATOFR OF DIFFUSE VIEW FACTORS

WALL SUFC’ACE ON SATIE S IDE AS SURFACE

WALL SURFACE OPPOSITE THE SURFACE SIDi:,

FIRST DAY OF IIONTH

DAY TYPE, 1= SUNDAY, 7= SATURDAY

I'll DOLE DAY OF IIONTH, START OF SHORT DAYS

HOITTHLY IE.\NS OF CL I HAT I C INDICATORS

NUrESR OF DAYS IN THE ANALYSIS

lUTIEZR OF R0GH3 AN/iLYZED

-rjIBER OF SURFACES ANAL^’Z^D

TOTAL NUT'SER OF SURFACES AITLYZED

TOTAL ELECTRICAL LOiODS, PER F^OCIi, auURLf

FLCOF. AREA OF FvGOH

HOURLY INTERNAL HEAT GAINS IN ROOil

HON’l'iiLY INTERNAL HE-AT GAINS

OCCU?.\NT GAINS, HOURLY RATIO OF ILLH-IliH

HOURLY OCCUPANT GAINia

126
116

117

113

1 19

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

123

129

130

131

132

133

134

133

136

137

133

139

140

141. 142

143

144

145

146

147

143

149

150

131

152

133

154

155

136

137

133

139

160

161

162

163

164

163

166

167

163

169

170

171

172

173

G NODTYP

C P

c poT'.’eh

C Q

C R

C RAOLAT

C RDF

C RDFSRF

C RDR

C RDRSHD

C RDRSRF

C RDT

C RDTSBF

C RFH

C RFI'IX G RLATD

G RLII G RLITZ G RLONG

G S?TLATD

C SITIAALT C SIHv'LilZ G SOLALT

G S0LA2

C SOLFAC

C SnP.ASS

C ST17AR

G SFJT'AT

G STirHAG

G SRrHRT

G SR7ET

G SRFLIT

G SRjrniT

G STAinS

c STPin

G sr;n

C STTr2

C TEIIPl

G TriLATD

G TCC

G TRA

G TRAD3

G

G TRANL

G

G TPJT G TZN

C VF

G T/ilLALT

G 17ALAZ

G WALFAG

G 17ALZ

G IvATT C

C liDT

G ly'IND

G T7ICDY C \(3P

TYPE OF RSSIDEITCY, 1 = RES I DEITGE , 2=FuLTAIL, .\ITD G=OFFICS

SOLAR PiADIATION GOEFFICIEIIT

CONVEF.SIOR FACTOR, PClvER

SOLAR RADIATION COEFFICIEITT

SOLAR RADIATION GOEFFICIEIIT

LATITUDE OF SITE. RADIANS

DIFFUSE RADIATION, HORIZONTAL SURFACES, INCLUDING CLOUDS

DIFFUSE PAD I AT I ON ON SURFACE

DIRECT RADIATION, HORIZONTAL SITIFACES, CLOUD MODIFIED

SHADO¥ FACTOR, PATIO OF SUTIFACZ IN SHADOU

RADIATION RECEI\T:D BY SURFACE

TOTAL RADIATION ON HORIZONT.AL SUP^AGE

TOTAL RADIATION RECEIVED ON SURFACE

IIATERIAL INDICATOR FOR SURFACES CODIPRISING STREET CANYON

lATEIilL REFLECTION COEFFICIENTS OF STREET CANYON IL4TERIALS

LATITUDE OF SITS

LENGTH COin-ERSION FACTOR

C0N\T:R3I0N factor for DAYLIGHTING .AIALYSIS (ALL UNITS ENGLISH)

LONGITUDE OF SITE

SINE OF LATITUDE

SINE OF Wi\LL TILT FROM HORIZONTAL

SINE OF AZIMUTH OF NViLL IISx4SUllED FROM SOUTH

SOLAR ALTITUDE

SOLAR AZnruTH. CLOCINvTSE FROM SOUTH

SOLAR COEFFICIENTS

ASSORT I ON C DEFICIENT OF SURFACE

AREA OF SUFEACE

TOTi\L SCLP*R FNA)IATIO:i ON SURFACE, DAILY

HEIGHT AEOIE GROUND CF SURFACE’S BOTTOM EDGE

HOURLY TOTAL OF SOLAR.. RADIATION ON SURFACE

HEIGHT OF TEE SURFACE

LEITGl-H OF SURFACE

AATHLAGE SOLNil RADIATION (SAILYION SITIFACE PER MONTH

AXIS OF STREET MEASURED FROM TRUE SOUTH

STARTING MONTH OF ANHYSI3

PRIILARY STFiEET WIDTH

SECONDARY STREET WIDTH

TEMPERATURE COm/ERSION FACTOR

TANGENT OF SITE LATITUDE

TATE OF CLOUD

DIFFUSE RADIATION ABSORPTION FACTOR

TILAN3MISSI0N APRAY FOR SURFACES WITH 13 DIFFERENT ANGLES OF

INCIDENCE

TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT (NO AEOSRPTION) FO ".GLAZING, 13 ANGLES

OF INCIDENCE

DIFFUSE RADIATION TRANSMISSION

TIME ZONE

VIEW FACTOR OF SURFACE TO SURROUNDINGS

TILT OF SUFJACE TO HORIZONTAL

RJZir-RJTH OF SUPEACE TO TRUE SOUTH

THRELI'SLD’S FACTOR FOR DIFFUSE RADIATION ON A VERTICAL SURFACE

WALL AZIMUTHS OF STTEET FACING CANYONS

CONATRSION FACTORS, POWER

WET BIBLE TEMPERATURE

WIND DIRECTION

WIND SPEED C0NVEF.3I0H FACTOR

irEEISDAY ARRAY

WIND SPEED

127
174

175

17'3 177

178

179

130

131

132

133

134

135

135

137

183

139

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

193

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

203

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

213

219

220

22

1

223

22‘^ 225

226

227

O-TO. 229

230

231

C

Cc

c

c

cc

c

c

c

cc

c

cc

c

c

G

G

DIHEilSIOrT AKRAYS AlTD GREATS GOfEIGN BLOGSS JOR DATA THARSFER TO

SUBROUTINES

ZSLITE DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS PATxAMETERS ARRAY (DEFINED IN SKYLUM, RZiLIT

DIIENSION DLTTILC 10,3) .HRSLITC 10) ,HRSLID( 10) ,RR(4) ,PP(4) ,0.2(4) , 2 AIT0D(3) ,AKON( 12) ,riIDDAY( 12) ,LASTDA( 12) ,G0NV(3,S) ,ALU( 10) , 3 SRFHRT( 10) ,SKFDAT( 10) , SRFHRT( 10) ,ALR(9) ,AL3(9) ,PIOGGDA( 10) PJEAL NODHRT( 10) , NODAT( 10) , NODmiT( 10)

GOIEON /DLL/ BLLMIIK 10) , IHST( 10) , IHEIK 10)

GOr-EION /R:-!/ RJIK 2 , 5 , 2 , 2) , RFIER 10,2), RFF( 2,5)

COIEION /ST/ ISTS, I, 1ST, lOST, IT7. lUOP, IR, IRO? , UALZ( 2 , 2) , IA2Z(2,24) , 2 iSS(2,24) ,UALFAG(2.2,24) , AITGIN(2,5,24)

GOIEIGIT /CLD/ CCT( 24) , TCC( 24)

COnnON /DIF/ IVFD(o, 10,2) , W(5, 10) ,TR,\(5, 10) ,TEN(5, 10)

GOinCIT /LATITU/ GSLATD, SNLATD, TNLATD

GGIEIGII /BLT/ FLGDLT, ZSLITE( 10 , 30) , DLTDL( 10 , 3) , DLTDIIL( 10, 3) , 2 DLTT-EGC 10,3)

COrEION / wRD/ I YRDA( 12), TvTCDY( 12,31), HLDY( 12,31)

GOIEION /UAL/ UALAZ( 10) , UALALT( 10) ,STAJIIS(2) .3TUK2) ,STI72(2) , 2 BL:CLEN(2) ,BLIHIT(2,2) ,FLGST( 10) , GSUALT( 10) , SNTG1LT( 10) ,CSULAZ( 10) , 3 s:r>L.4Z( 10 ) COIFION /UHT/ DET( 24) , D?T( 24) , UBT( 24) , v73?( 24) , B?R( 24) , 7,RR( 24) , 2 YL’'(24)

COIZION /GCG/ NODES. NODTYP( 10) , NOBFLA( 10) ,NODOGC( 10) .NODELCl 10) , 2 NODELT( 10,24) , NODGCT( 10,24) . EGZL2( 3 , 24 , 3) . HGOCC( 3 , 24 , 3)

COiinON /SRF/ DIST(2, 10) , SRFH.1G( 10) , SRFLN( 10) , SR7HT( 10) , SRJAR( 10) , 2 SRFABS( 10) ,A(2, 13) ,FLGSRF( 10) . KODOT( 10) , NSRFOT( 10) ,FLGGL( 10) ,

• 3 FLGGLL( 10)

COIEION /TRA/ GLATEF( 15, 10) , GLAEIFTl 15, 10) , GLATEia 13, 10) ,NLAY( 12) , 2 NSURF( 15)

SEASONAL GOEFFIGIENTS FOR SOLAR RADIATION GALGULAT I ON

DATA PP /I. 06, .96, ,95, 1. 14/ GO / . 0 12, . 030 , . 03 , . 003/ RR /-.00C4,

2 -.0106, -.0103, -.0082/

ALPHANUTERIG DATA FOR OUTPUT TITLING

DATA ( AIION(N) ,N= 1, 12) /6HJANURY, 6BFEBRUY, ORTIARGH ,6BA?RIL . 2 6E?IAY ,6HJUNE .6HJULY , 6EAUGU3T, 6ESEPTZII, 6nDGT0BR, 6EN0VTER,

3 6HDECrEH/

DATA ( AITODCN) ,N= 1 ,3) /6HR00II3 , 6IISURFAG , 6HE3 ' /

ALPHANLTERIC DATA FOR INTEFiACTUE PROIETING OF PROPER UNITS

DATA ( A( 2 , I ) , I = 1 , 13) /6iIFT. , '^NF2/PR3 , 6HlvAT/F2 . 6NFT2 , 6 HF . DEG

2 , enrPH , 6HB/HFT2 , 6HBTU/ER, oZETU/DA, 6HBTU/i)iN, 6UETU/YR, 6HINGHE3

,

3 6HBTU/F2/

DATA (A( 1, I) , 1= 1, 13) /6E:ETER5.6Hn2/PR3.6nT7AT/ri2.6n:i2 ,6nC.BEG

2,6Hn/SEC ,6in7/I-I2 ,6ZnvATT3 , 6H1G1/DAY, oINTH/rlON, oENR/ YTi , 6EC:i

3 6HU/H2 /

INTEGER DAY, ITKDY, HLDY

128
ClO

^

10

\0N

CO

<3> ®

fl

C5

*J< to

'0

I’*

C'3 ®O

ClCO

"J* to

'OO

O

Cl

CO

'IMO

'0N

CO®O

Cl

C?

<MO

'-0 N

CO

CnO

Cl

C3

’?

10

vO N

CO

O'

03O

CO

C3

COCOW

CO

'i* ^

Tl<

>5;'

Ti>

\I'

'J<

vj<

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

VO

\0

'0

\0

\p

vO

'O

V.O O

'O1^N

N

N

N

N

N

N

I'*

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

OJ

CO

COCO

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

CJCl

ClCl

Cl

Cl

CJ

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

ClCl

Cl

Cl

Cl

ClCl

Cl

Cl

ClCl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

ClCl

ClCl

CJCl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

c

c

c

G

G

G

G

G

G

C

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

RS.iL ITTTODES , HOCTY? , IT03FLA, KODCCG . TTODELG , lu'iSUTuF , iTODELT, ITOBOGT,

2 NGBmA

GOI'fflON /POS/ S0LAZ(24) ,S0LALT(24) ,S0L7AC(G) ,C0SIi;C(24) ,DIRGS2(24) , 2 DIRCS3(24) , BROPJkBC 24) , ISRT, ISST

COMfIGN /SOL/ FJ)R(24) ,FvI)7(24) ,RBT(24)

COIEIOR /ANS/ FvDFSRF (10,24), PvBRSPvF (10,24), ?J)TS7uF (10,24), R2

,

2 ARGirfG( 10,24) ,RGRSED( 10,24) ,TRA3S( 10, 13) ,TRr(riS( 10, 15)

GOMKON /DAJI/ DATIDBT, DAIR>‘BT, D,4MtvSP , DAI'IGGT, D.^ITTOG , DAI'IPJDR, DAi^ElDF

,

2 DAIIRBT , BAirWDR, DAIE'mX, DAIE-II

N

GOriTION /HNH/ IINNDBT( 12) . IET?Rv'BT( 12) ,rirn'ITvS?( 12) , IET::cCT( 12) , 2 fINirrOG( 12) ,PE'IIRVI)R( 12) , IINrniDR( 12) ,IEf?PJ)F( 12) ,IE1I’JRBT( 12) ,JIN:Em:R 12)

3,PETr'Emr( 12 ) REAL PEiriDBT , TITIMWBT . MTimfSP , PEIIIGGT , :iNm'GC , IE1IR®R, rEEIRBR, mirBDF

,

2 rnriRDT,MNIElA;:,rEnE-IIR

GO^EION /CON/ TETIP 1 , TEMP2 , i;iND , POTffiR, ,1REA, RLN , EITERG7, HEAT, RLITZ DATA FOR CONVERSION OF ENGLISH TO SI UNITS

DATA (C0NV( 1, I) , 1= 1,8) /.5535, 17.73, .514,3. 152, .0929, .3043, .2923,

2 1055.9/

DATA FOR COrnTFvSrON OF SI TO ENGLISH UITIT3

BATA (C0NV(2,I)

2 .000947/

1,8) /1. 8, 32. , 1.94, .3173, 10.704,3.23,3.3-167,

DATA FOR NO DATA CONVERSION

DATA (C0NV(3. I) , 1= 1,3) / 1 . 0 , 0 . 0, 6:.'; 1 . 0/

ELECTRICAL AND CGCLH’ANT HEAT GAINS FOR RE3IDENTIA-L

DATA ((HGELEC ID, IHR, 1) , ID=1,3) , IIIR=1,24) / 13'-:: . 04 , . 3 1 ,

. 4 , G:';. 25

,

2 . 1 S , 3>;; . 33 , C:.'= .31, 3:.':. 44 . 3:.': . 28 , 3-' . 27 , 3-: . 2 1 ,

3:.'.' .22,3-':!., 3=.’: . 49 , 3:;: . 5 , J... r-MTl O.’. • 1 /

DATA ( ( HGOCCC ID. IHR, 1 ) , ID= 1 , 3) , IIIR= 1 , 21) / 13:.': 1 . ,

. 99 , 3* . 89 , 3:.':

. 6 , 2 3;;: . 46 , 3:;-- . 33 , 6« . 3 1 , 6* . 22 , S.'.’; . 4 , G:.': . 48 , 3:.; . 73 , 3:;; . 34 . . 93 , 6« 1 . /

ELECTRICAL AND OCCUPANT HEAT GAINS FOR RETAIL

DATA ((HGELEC ID, IHR., 2) . ID=1,2) , IHR=1,24) /4.-:;. 22 , 2-r.. 2 , . 22 , 2r;= . 23 , 2 2:^.32,2:;t.64,2-.S4. 14* 1. , 3* . 3, 2* . 49 , 2* . 4 1 , 2* . 30/

DATA ((HGCCCC ID, IHR, 2) , ID=1,2) , inR=l,24) /10*0. .2*. 02. 2*. 1,2*. 27,

2 2* . 4 , 2* . 48 , 2* . 65 , 2* . 8 1 , 2* . 85 , 2* . 7 1 , 2* . 6 , 2* . 73 , 2* .79,2*1., 4* . 75

,

3 2* . 7 1 2* .21 . 0“^/

DAT.7 ( HGELEC 3 I^.*2) , IIIR= 1 , 24) /9* . 1 1 ,

. 67 . 7* 1 . . . 67 , . 55 , 5* . 1 1/

DATA ( HGOCCC 3 , IHR, 2) , IHR= 1 , 24) /9*0 .

, . 4 , 3* . 7 , : 9 , 3* 1 ... 2 , 6*0 .

/

ELECTRICAL .AND OCCUPANT HEAT GAIN ILATIOS FOR OFFICE SPACE

DATA ( HGELEC 1 , IHR, 3) , IHR= 1,24) /6* . 08 , . 16 , . 44 . . 85 , . 97 , 2* 1 . , 2* . 92

,

2 2*.97, .73, .63, .51 , .45, ,35, .22,2*. 17/

DATA (HGOCCC 1, IHR.C) , IIIR=1,24) /5*0. ,2*. 04, .08,3*1. , ,92, .68, ,92,

2 3* 1 . . . 8 , .48, . 24 , . 08 . . 02 , 2*0 .

/

DATA ( ( HGELEC ID, IHR, 3) , ID=2 , 3) , IZR= 1 , 24) /43* . 1/

DATA ( (HGOCCC ZD, I2R.3) , .D=2,3) , IHR= 1 ,24) /48*0./

DATA ( LASTDA( IION) , IIGN= 1.12) /S 1 , 23 . 3 1 , 33 , 3 1 . 30 , 3 1 , 3 1 . GO , 0 1 . 30 . 3 1/

DATA ( IIIDDAY( I'CN) , ri0N= 1.12) / 12 , 4 1 , 7 1 , 10 1 , 13 1 , 163 , 193 , 220 , 255 , 234

,

129
290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

293

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

3G3

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

31-3

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

323

329

330

331

332

333

/I OO^

336

337

333

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

347

2 315,346/

DATA ( lYRDAdlON) , ri0N= 1 , 12) /0, 3 1,59, 90, 129, 151, 131,212,243,273,304

2 , 334/

DATA ( ALRC I) , 1= 1 ,9) /3HR l,3mi 2,3HR 3,3ETl 4,3IIR 5, SHE. 6,3HR 7,

2 3HR 8,SHR 9/

DATA (ALS( I) , 1=1,9) /3ES 1 , CES 2,3HS 3.3HS 4,3H3 5,3H3 6 , 3ES 7,

2 3HS S.SES 9/

C

C

C ALGORITHM BEGINS WITH RUNTYFE SPECIFICATIONS

C

C

PRINT 640

PRINT 10

10 FORIIAT (29H FOR INTEPJ^GTIVE RUN ENTER 0.,/, i 2 33H IF INPUT FILE IS ADDED, ENTER 1.,/)

READ (5,670) FLGINA | IF ( FLGINA. EQ. 0. ) PRINT 660 I C i c ; C TYPE OF OUTPUT DESIRED: 1=TAPE 2= TABULAR 3= BOTH

C

REilD (5,679) FLGOUT

WRITE (7,670) FLGOUT

IF ( FLGOUT. GT. 1. .AND. FLGINA. EQ.O.) PRINT 6G9 i C

C TYPE OF TABULAR OUTPUT DESIRED i C i IF ( FLGOUT. GT. 1. ) READ (5,670) FLGT.AB I IF ( FLGOUT. GT. 1 . ) WTJTE ( 7 , 670) FLGTA3 I IF ( FLGTAB.EO. 2. .AND. FLGINA. EQ.O.) PRINT 690 ! FLGFIL=0. ‘ IF (FLGT:VB.E0.2. ) FLGFIL=2.

IF ((FLGTAB.lt. 1. .OR. FLGTAB.EQ.3.) .iAND. FLGINA. EO-.O.) PRINT 700

IF (FLGTAB.lt. 1 . .OR.FLGTAB^EA.3. ) READ (5,670) FLGFIL

IF (FLGTAB.LT. l.OR. FLGTAB.EO. 3. ) WRITS (7,670) FLGFIL

IF ( FLGINA. ED. 0. ) PRINT 710

READ (5,670) FLGRAD j WRITE (7,670) FLGRAD I IF (FLGFIL.NE.2. ) GO TO 30

C

' C 3ECRTYEAR HAS WATJIUP PERIOD TIL^.T IS DISCARDED BY THIS PRCCPWEa

C

DO 20 I=1,S

IF ( FLGFiAD . EQ. 2 . ) READ ( 3) D3T, DPT, WBT, WS? , BPR, GET, TOG , WDR, YY, ! 2IYEAR. IHON, IDAY, ICITY

IF (FLGF^AD.EQ. 1. ) READ (-3) DBT, DPT, TvBT, NS? , RPR, CCT, TOG , RDT, RDE i 2, lEAR, inCN, IDAY, IC

20 CONTINUE

30 IF (FLGINA.EO. 0. ) PRINT 729

READ (5,670) STRTCI i WRITE (7,570) STRIET i IF ( FLGINA. ED. 0. ) PRINT 730

PEAD (5,670) FINTEI WRITE (7,670) FINIET I ISTR1ET=STRIIN i IFIITHN=riNIEI

II

130
343 C

349 C READ TYPE OF INPUT AND OUTPUT UNITS

330 c 331 IF (FLGINA.EO.O. ) PRINT 740

332 FiEAD (5,570) FLGIN

333 WITH (7,670) FLGIN

334 IF (FLGIITA.EO.O. ) PRINT 750

353 READ (5,570) FLGOT

355 TOITE (7,570) FLGOT

357 IN=FLGIN

353 IOUT=FLGOT

359 c 350 c DEFINE COrrvEFcSION FACTOP^S FROH CONVERS:

351 c 362 IF (IN.Ea. lOUT) !C0N=3

353 IF ( IN.ER. l.AITD. I0UT.EO.2) 10011=2

354 IF ( IN.E0.2. AND. lOUT.ES. I) IC0N=1

355 TErr?l = COITV( ICON, 1) 355 TEHF2=C0ITV( ICON, 2)

357

o53

359

370

371

^ o 375

377

OTQ W 4 O

403

404

405

AKRAY

40

¥IITD=C0rr/( IC0ZT,3)

P0Tv7i:R=C0ITV( ICCI1,4)

PZLII=C0rTVi ICON, 6) RLITZ= 1

.

IF (lOUT.Ea. 1) KLITZ=C0nV( 1,5)

AREA=C0rr;( ICON, 5)

ErTERGY= c orrv( I c on , 7

)

EZA7=C0IT'/( icon, 3) IF (FLGIIIA.SO.O. ) ?F4inT 40

F0RIL4T (47H ZnTZR 1. FOR DAYLIGHT C.ZiGULAT lOHS . ELSE EITTE: 2 )RE/A> (5,670) FLGDLT

OF THE 3 1 1

.

0 . ,/

379 URIi'E (7.670) FLGDLT

3S0 IF (FLGINA.Ea.O. ) PRINT 750

OO 1 o i C

O CiO C READ THE LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE ' c

O O A FiEAD (5,570) FtLATD

IvRITE (7,670) FiLATD

335 FcADLAT=nLA'rD::: . 0174532925

337 CSL.ATD=COS( FADLAT)

333 SNLATD=S IN( PADLAT)

339 TNLciTD= ^ilLATD/^ CsLATD

390 IF (FLGINA.Ea.O. ) PRINT 770

391 READ (5,570) PtLONG

392 IfRITE (7,670) RLONG

393 IF (FLGINA.Ea.O.) PRINT 730

394 RE.AD (.5,670) TZN

395 UNITE (7.670) TZN

395 IF (FLGINA.Ea.O.) PRINT 790

397 F4E.'iD (5.570) FLGUR3

393 UR4 TE ( • .oiO/ ' FLGUFJ3 399 IF (FLGINA.Ea.O.) PRINT 50, . 400 50 F0FCL4T (C7H ENTER THE ELEVAT

401 2 15H AB0\T; sea LEVEL,/)

402 c

A( in, 1)

OF •LOCALITY ,A5,

ALL DAYLIGHT

EIIGLISH HIT ITS CALCULATION VARIABLES (ZSLITE) ^AuZ IN

131
406

407

403

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

413

419

420

421

422

423

424

425

426

427

435

437

433

439

440

441

442

443

444

445

446

447

448

449

450

45 1 452

453

434

455

456

457

453

459

460

46 1 462

463

READ (5,670) ZSLITE(1,2S)

"WRITE (7,670) ZSLITE(1,23)

ZSLITE( 1,23) =ZSLITE( 1,23) :.-:RL:I/RLITZ G

C TRANSFER BEYOIfD ALL SURFACE ARD WINDOW INPUT IF OLT,y

C RADIATION TAPE DESIRED

C

IF (FLGOUT.LE. 1. ) GO TO 270

IF (FLGINA.E2.0. ) PRINT 800

IF (FLGINA.EQ.O. ) PRINT 310

C

G READ AXIS OF STREET

C SECONDARY STREET AXIS SET PERPENDICULAR TO FIRST

C

READ (5,670) STAXIS( 1) I/RITE (7,670) STAXIS(l)

IF (FLGINA.EG.O. ) PRINT S20, A( IN, 1) READ (5,670) STWKl)

STAXIS(2)=STAXIS( D+90.

IF (STAXIS(2) .GT.C60. ) STAXIS( 2) =3TAJIIS( 2) -360.

IGIITE (7,670) Sn/Kl)

IF (FLGIITA.Ea.O. ) PRINT 830, A(IN,l)

READ (5,670) ST)f2( 1) s’P’T(2) = S’r:r2( i)

ST1‘"2(2)=STWK 1) WRITE (7.670) STT-Rll)

IF (FLGIITA.EQ.O. ) PRINT 340, A( IN, 1)

G

C DLOCIC LENGTH AND WIDTH ARE SET

C

READ (5,670) ELITLEIH 1

)

IF (FLGINA.ER.O. ) PRINT 350, A( IN, 1)

READ (5.670) ELIPLEIK 2)

imiTE (7,670) BLICLEN(l)

WRITE (7,670) ELELEIT(2;

IF (FLGINA.EA.O. ) FRUIT 360, A(IN,1)

FlEjAD ( 5 . 670) 5Liarr( i . i

)

WRITE (7,670) BLKHT( 1,1)

IF (FLGINA.E2.0. ) PRINT 370, A( IN. 1) READ (5,670) BLK3T(1,2)

WRITE (7,670) BLimT(l,2)

IF (FLGINA.ER.O. ) PRINT 60, A( IN, 1) READ (5,670) ELKHT(2,1)

WRITE (7,670) BLIHIT(2,1)

IF (FLGIITA.E2.0. ) PRINT 70, A(IN,1)

READ (5,670) BLKnT(2,2)

WRITE (7,670) BLIHIT(2.2)

60 FORILAT (oGH ENTER HEIGHT OF BLDG. ON SIDE 1. OF CROSS STREET.,/,

2 4H IN ,A6,/)

70 FORILAT (49H ENTER HEIGHT OF BLDG. ON SIDE 2. OF CROSS STREET,/,

2 4H IN ,A6) • G

C CONVERT DEGREES TO RADIANS

C

3TAXIS( 1)=STAXIS( 1)«3. 14159/180.

STAXIS(2) =SRAXIS(2)--i:3. 14159/180.

C

C WALL AZiriUTHS SET PERPENDICULAR TO STREET AXES

1 32
464

465

466

467

463

469

470

471

472

473

474

473

476

477

473

479

430

431

432

433

434

433

435

437

433

439

490

491

492

493

494

495

496

497

493

499

3G0

301

302

303

504

303

306

307

303

309

510

511

312

310

514

515

516

317

313

519

320

321

C

lh\LZ(. 1, l)=ST/lXIS(2>

lvALZ( 1,2)= VALZ( 1 , 1 ) -3 . 14 159

IF (T71^Z( 1.2) .LT.O. ) WALZ( 1 , 2) = W/iLZ( 1 , 2) +6 . 2S3

WALZ( 2 , 2) =ST.\XIS( 1

)

lvALZ(2, l)=lvALZ(2,2)-3. 14159

IF (V<1^Z(2, 1) .LT.O. ) WALZC2, 1)=WALZ(2, i)+6.2S3

G

C CONYEUT BLOCK PSYSICAL PARAPKITEES TO RADL\ITS

C

ST57K 1)=STI71( 1)«=RL1T ST5v 1 ( 2) = STW1 ( 2)

STTv'2( 1 ) = STlv2 ( 1 ) =:.-RLrT 37172 ( 2 ) = ST172 ( 2 ) -RLII BLKLEIH 1 ) = BLKLEIK 1

)

3LELEIK 2) =BLIZ.S:T( 2) ^KLZT

BLISTC 1.1) =BLIZIT( 1.1) :;:RLri EL;Z!T( 1 , 2) = BLIZETC 1.2) -‘.“RLIT ELISTC 2,1)= BLIOrri 2.1) iSRLiT BLKETC 2 , 2) = ELKHT( 2 , 2)

C

G SET liAEII'inil ITLTBER OF SUBFACES AI7D R00II3 TO 10

C

ri^E;RF= 10 c

C IF DAILY SUTEIOIES AilE SPECIFIED NO BOOH COPDITIONS PEGUIRED

G

IF (FLGT/Z3.GT.2. ) C-0 TO 130

IF (FLCIITA.EO.O. ) PRIITT 330

C

C FiOQH DEoGRIPTIOFS OCCDPATTCY TITES ASIEID FOR

C

BE 'YD (3,670) rTTTOL’ES 17BITE (7,670) NITODES

IIODES=ITITCDES

HA:EBF= lO-iTODES

IF (BODES. EG. 0) GO TO 130

IF (FLGIIIA.EO.O. ) PRIITT 390

ICITV=3

IF (I0UT.EQ.2) IC:iV=2

17ATT=C0ITV( ICHV,7)

1 3’PPLQs 1 BO 140 N=l, BODES

NODOT(rn=rT

IF (FLGIITA.EO.O. ) PRINT

PcEAD (5,670) NCDTY?(N)

NBITE (7,670) NOD’nT(N)

IF (PLGIITA.EQ.O. ) PRINT

SO FOPJL-:.T (C9H ENTER 1. IF 2 373 ENTER 2. IF RCOH FACES

C

C PEAD THE TYPE OF STPJZET THE T7IND0W IS FACING

C

READ (3.670) FLG3T( N)

NBI7Z (7,670) NLG5T( IT) ISTS=?LGST(N)

Z3L ITE( IT , 9 ) = STNl ( I STS ) /PHIT2

ZSLITE(H.2G)=ZSLITE( 1,23)

900

SO

P.OOH FACES PRIILHIY STPHET. ,/,

GP.GS3 STREET. ,/)

133
522

523

524

525

526

527

523

529

530

531

532

o33

534

535

536

537

533

539

540

54

1

542

543

545

546

547

543

549

550

55 1 352

553

554

553

356

•oo V

o o 3

559

560

56 1 562

563

564

565

566

367

363

569

570

571

572

o73

574

575

576

577

573

579

C

G

C

90

IF (ITODTYPdD .GE.2. ) GO

IF (FLGIITA.EQ.O. ) PRIIIT READ (5,670) HODOCG(ID

WIITE (7,670) KODGCGdI)

TO 100

650

MAXIMUM ELECTRIGAL AND OCCUFANGY LOADS FOR RESIDENCES SET

IF (FLGIITA.EQ.O, ) PRINT 90, A(IN,2)

FORTLAT (49R ENTER THE AREA OF THE HOUSE AND AREA OF THE ROOM,/

2,31H CONNECTED ¥ITH THE UlirOOU, IN ,A6,/)

READ (5,670) NODFLA( N) , N0DRM.1

TS (7,670) NODFLA( N) , NODRIIA

NODSLC(N) = ( (N0DCCC(N)-4. )/2,+4. ):!:NODRMA/NODFLA(N)

NODGCG( N) =NODOCC( N) 1 10 , 4*¥ATT:;TI0DRILVN0BFLA( N)

ZSL:TE( N, 1 1

) =SQRT( NODRMA-RLN/RLNZ)

ZSLITE(N, 12)=ZSLITE(N, 11)

ASSUIED SOUARE RESIDENTIAL

FOR DAYLIGHT CALCULATIONS

ROOM .AND GFT. GSLING HEIGHT

ZSLITE(N, 1G)=S.

(H) TO no

100 IF (FLGINA.Ea.O. ) PRINT 910, AC IN, 1) PHLAD (5,670) FLUID, FLNGTH, FLHT

WRITE (7,670) FLUID , FLNGTH, FLITT NCDNLA( N) =FLUID:.-FLNGTn;f:.AREA

ZSLITZ( IT, 1 1) = FLITGTH:;:RLN/RLNZ

ZSL I TE( N , 1 2 ) = FLUI D:;--I!HN/RLNZ

ZSLITE( IT. 10) =FLnT:.-.RLIT/RLNZ IF (rLGIITA.EQ.O. ) PRINT 920, .A(IN,2)

REilD (5,670) NODGCC(N)

URITE (7,670) NODOCC(N)

IF (FLGIITA.EQ.O.) PRINT 930, .4(IN,3)

RE-AD (5,670) NCDELC(N)

WRITE (7,670) NODELG(N)

NODELC ( IT) = NODELC ( N) -NODFLA( IT) :::WATT NODOCC( N) = 1 ie-CONV( IGNV, 7) -NODFLAT ID /NODOCC( N)

1 1 0 N ODFL.A ( N ) = NODFLA( ID -.AREA

ICNT=

1

IF (FLGDLT.EQ. 0.) GO TO ISO

IF (FLGIITA.EQ.O.) PRINT 120

120 FORTIAT (35H ENTER FiZFLECTANCE COEFFICIENTS OF:,/,

2 39H WALLS, CEILING .AITD FLOOR. ( RATIO OF 1,),/)

RRAD (5,670) ( ZSLITE( IT, L) ,L=3 . 3)

WRITS (7,670) (ZSLITE(N,L) ,L=3,5)

C

C CALL SURT.ACE INPUT D

C

C

C CALL

130

140

PRGGFvAM

INPUT DESCRIPTOR PROGRAM

-CALL SUFH'AC ( IN, IGITT, IT, FLGINA, ISTFLG)

CONTIIIUE

IF (NODES. EQ. 10) GO TO 160

150 IF (FLGIITA.EQ.O.) PRINT 940, rLAXSPP' BEAD (5,670) NITSURF

WRITS (7.670) NITSTJRF NSURF=NNSURF

160 NO=N

134
^

Cl

CO

'-J' to

vO

CO

O'O

ClO

'j' W

\5>

|n« 00

O'O

ClO

to

'0N

O

O'O

Cl

00-?

toO

N

to

C'o

--I Cl

CO

tP

to

-0)

^.

CO

O'O

C]

CO

to

vO N

CO

OC'

ro

roCO

COCO

COto

O'

O'

O'

O'

O'

O'

O'

O'

O'

O'O

O

O

O

O

<0

C.' O

O

0^

--I

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

ClCl

CJCl

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

lO

1C

to

10to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

to

'O

'C

\£0

'C

V!?

\<0

'-O

'C'0

sy

V©

'CvO

\!0

'P

VJ? O

OO

'!0

'CO

O

v!0

vOO

O

O

'O

'©

'5

vp

'P

vP

'P

\P

'P

580 N1 = N+1

N2=N+NSURF

IF (NSTmr.EQ.0) GO TO 180

iGirr=2

BO 170 IT=N1,II2

KSRF0T( N) = N-K0

IF (rLC-IITA.Ed.0. ) PRINT SO

READ (5,670) FLGST(N)

I^RITE (7.670) FLGST(N)

ISTS=FLGST(N)

CALL SURFAC ( IN, ICNT, N, FLGINA, ISTFLG)

170 CONTINUE

ISO CONTINUE

DO 210 ISRF=1,N2

ALU( :srJ)=ALS( ISRF)

IF (ISRF.LE.NO) ALU( ISRF) =i\LR( ISPJT) IF ( NODES. EQ.O) ALU( ISBF) = ALS( ISPF)

IF ( NSUNF . EQ. 0) ALU( ISFiF) = AL?.’ ISR?)

C CALCULATE TEE TRAITSHISS ION TEROUGE THE GL.AZING FOR E7ERY 6

C DEGREE INCREIIENT; FIFF5T ABSORPTION ON SURFACE, TEEN

C TR4NSIIISSI0N

AINC=-.073

IF (FLGGL( ISRF) .GT.O. ) GO TO 190

ABSL=SFiFAES( ISRF)

t?l;eil=srtabs( isrf)

190 ANG=-.052C6

BO 200 IAITG=l,lo

All C- .‘.itC'” • 10"i'719 C

C IF GLAZING ON UII7D0U, TRAI7S?IIS3 ION C.^GULATED FOR S''.T:RY 6 DEG.

C INCIDENT ANGLE.

IF (FLGCLc ISRF) .GT.O. ) CALL TIU\NS ( .INC, ISFiF , /iBSL, TR_ANL)

TBA53( ISRF, IANG)=AE3L

TFETriSI ISRF, IANG)=TRANL

2GG CONTINUE

210 continue: c

G SUBROUTINE CALLED TO DETEPJIINS SURFACE VIET FACTORS FOR

C DIFFUSE RADIATION CALCULATIONS.

CALL VFSRF (ISTFLG,N2)

DO 260 ISRF=1,N2

DO 230 IV=1,5

IF (FLGGL( ISRF) .EQ.O. ) GO TO 240

IST= IUTD( IV, ISRF, 1)

!SP= IVTD( IV, ISRF, 2)

ISDT= ISP-IST+1

IF (ISDT.EQ.O) GO TO 230

DO 220 IA=IST, IS?

I •UN= I

A

IF (lAII.GT. 15) IAN=G1-IA

TPJU IV, ISRF)=TRAE3( ISRF, LED / ISDT+TPJK IV, ISRT)

TRIT( IV, ISRF)=TRNIIS( ISRF, I.ED / ISDTh-TRITc IV, ISRF)

220 CONTINUE

GO TO 250

230 TIU1l( IV, ISFvF)=0,

TRN( IV, ISRF) =0.

240 TRA( IV, iSRF)=SRFAE3( !S?T)

TRN( IV, ISRF) =SFxFAES ( ISRF)

135
633

639

640

641

642

643

644

645

646

647

250 CONTI HUE

260 CONTINUE

ITER=0

IS=4

C

G

C BEGIN SOLAR AVAILABILITY CALCULATION FOR EACH nONTH, DAY AND HOUR

C

270 DO 530 MON= 1,12

c IS= SEi\SON INDEX ( 1 = SPRING, 2=SUIII1ER, 3= AUTUMN, 4=NTNTZR)

o4o

649

650

65 1 652

653

654

653

656

657

653

659

660

66 1 662

663

664

665

IF (HON.Ea.3)

IF (IION.Ea.6)

IF (NON.Ea.9)

IF (MON.EQ. 12)

IS=1

IS=2

IS=3

IS=4

?,a, R = TABLE A-6, PA.GE 16A, NESLD REF. IIANUAL.

P=PP( IS)

G=Q2( IS)

R=PJU IS)

rEii-imrKriON) = 150.

lETMMAXC HON ) = - 1 5 0

.

HONDA= LASTDA( HON

)

IF ( FLGOUT.EQ. 1 . ) GO TO 300

DO 290 N= 1 , N2

NODHNT(N)=0.

SRFrdT(N) = 0.

BO 280 ID= 1 ,3

DLTIP..(N, ID)=0.

n?.SLIT(N)=0.

666 2S0 CONTINUE

667 290 CONTINUE

663

669

670

671

300 IF (FL3FIL.E0.2. ) riONDA=3

IF (FLGOUT.Ea. 1. ) GO TO 320

DO 310 N= 1 ,N2

HCCCDAdT) = HONDA

672 310 CONTINUE

673 320 IF (IF! NIET- I STRHN) 330 , 340 , 340

674

675

3G0 I F ( HON . LT . I STRI'ET . AZID . IION . GT . i ] GO TO 370

676

677

340 I F ( HON . LT. I STFJIN . OR. HON . GT. I

F

GO TO 370

673

679

350 DO 360 DAY= 1 , HONDA

IF ( FLGRjlD. E0.2. ) READ (3)

630

681

YY, lYEAR, IHON, IDAY, IG IF ( FLGTLAD , EO. 1 . ) READ ( 3)

632 2 CCT, I YEAR, ITT, IDAY, ICIT'F

683

634

360 CONTINUE

GO TO 580

635

685

370 CONTINUE

IF ( FLGT;H3. Ea. 3 . ) ICIITE ( 10 , 9-3' 637

633

639

690

2) , A( lOUT, 6) . ( A-LU; NA) . NA= 1 , N2)

IF ( FLGDLT.E’2.0. ) GO TO GSO

URITE ( 12,970) AIION( HON) , ( ALU(

I'TIITE ( 13 . 960) AHON( HON) , ( ALU(

69 1 692

693

694

695

380 I YTJ)AH= I YFU)A( HGN)

DO 530 DAY= 1 , HONDA

ITER= ITER+1

DO 400 NN= 1 , N2

NCDAT( NN) =0.

^INHN) GO TO 0.30

[NHN) GO TO 350

D3T, DPT, IvBT, N5? , BPR, CGT. TOC . NDR

D3T, DPT, NSP , SPR, PJ)T, RDR, IBDR, TOG

) ) AIION( HON) , A; I OUT , 1 G ) , A( I GUT , 5

TA) ,NA= 1,N2)

136

I
696

697

693

699

700

701

702

703

704

703

706

707

703

709

710

711

712

713

714

713

716

717

713

719

720

721

722

723

724

i ^J 726

727

723

729

730

7

0 <

47

0 o 734

735

736

737

733

739

740

741

742

743

744

745

743

747

743

749

750

73 1 732

733

090

400

410

SFJDATl NIT) = 0

.

DO 390 IDD= 1,3

DLTDLCNU, IDD)=0.

DLTDZLdIN, IDD)=0.

CONTINUE

CONTI NTJE IF (FLGTAB.GT. 1. ) URITE (11,410) AIION( II9N) ,DAY, A( lOUT, 7) , ( 2ALUCN) ,N=1,N2) „ FORILAT (/,/, IX, A6. I3,7H tsOLAR , A6 . ^ 2 25H ON TEE SURFACE AND ROOI'IS . / , IX. 3HIIIR, CX, A3 , 9( 4X. A-^) , /) IF ( FLGTAB. Ea. 2 . ) l‘/RITE ( 10 , 930) .\IION( IION) , DA/, A( IGUT , o) , A

2N0D( i) , ANOD( 2) , ANOD( 3) , A( lOUT, 5) , ( ALU( N) , N= 1 , N2)

IF (T^LGTAB.Ea. 1. ) 1-/R1TE ( 10,390) IION, DAY

I DYOYR= DAY+ MI DDAY( MON

)

IF ( FLGF IL. EG. 1 . ) IDYOYR=DAY+ lYRDAM

r r\LL SUBROUTINE TO READ ITEATHER TAPES THTH RADIATION

IF ( FLGRAD. EQ. 1 . ) CALL DAYRAC ( RLATD , RLONG, TZN , IION, iiyYO /R,

2IYEAR,FLGURE,FLC0UT, ITER)

C CALL SUEROUTINE TO FE/J) UEATnER TAPES 10231 C^UD DAp ONLY

I F ( FLGRjAD . EQ. 2 . ) CALL DAYC V ^ lx.ATD , .iON

,

TZN , , I ^ . 0 x .i, . Y

2E‘YR, FLGURE, FLGOUT, P , Q, R, T.T:R)

INDAY= IDYOYR- lYPuDAM

C DETEPuIIITE DAY TYPES FOR CALCULATION OF INTERNAL GAINS :YND LOAsS.

lEE)AY= I LCDY( IION , I NDAY)

IEOL=:iLDY( IION, IITDAY) IF ( FLGOUT. EQ. 1 . ) GO TO 330

C

G FOR ROOMS, C/JLL SUSROUTINE TO DETERMINE INTERILIL GAINS EASED

C DAY TYPES AND GAIN PROFILES FOLEiD IN SUBROUTINES.

IF ( NODES'. GT. 0) CALL CG.;i'.AT ( , I.-.OL) C

C SUBROUTINE DETEPJIiNES ALL RADIATION ON SIpACE O.ND GIpS OTHE?.. C SUBROUTINES TO BETEFJIINE SHADOW'S AND CANY’O.I FuL?LsGT;L.!Cs C COEFFICIENTS

G

GALL SUNSPu^ ( ITER,DAY,DAIID3T, iSivLG,FLGT/A))

C

C TOTAL HEAT GAINS CALCULATED

DO 420 N0= 1 , N2

C IF BUILDING IS UNOCCUPIED. OCCUPIED DA^ ST^pACTED FROM TGTA^

IF ( lEST(NO) .EQ.O.OR. IHENd(O) ..i-Q.O) .XCv^DA( nO/ - LGCv^^.-a. 2N0) -

1

420 CONTIirjS

DO 460 IHR=1,24

DO 440 N0=1,N2

SRFIIRT(ITO)=RDTSRF(NO, lER)

S?lFDAT( NO) =SFBiniT( NO) -^SriEDATl NO)

ELEimX= 1

.

IF (NODTYP(NO) .GE.2. ) GO TO 430

ELEIL'lir= 176. :.:UATT ^ IF (I'ION.LT.3.0R.IION.GT. 3) ELEIL4X= 320. -^TT_ ^ 43Q N0DHRT( NO) =RDTSRF(NO, lER) -SRFARC NO) +IIODELT: NO, 1^0

137
’J'

If?

\9N

CO

C>O

CJC5

If}

CO

C'O

Cl

CO

Tj<

lO

vON

CO

On

CO

"P

IfJ

COO

O

Cl

CO

'i*

LO

vOt03

O'O

Cl

CO

M'

10

\0

!'• CO

3'O

lO

lO

LO

lO

lO

lO

'OVO

Vf?

'0vO

vO

'D

vO

VO

VS>

N

N

N

t-»

N

N

1-* COCO

CO

CO

03

03

CO

CO

03CO

C^O

O

|3'

O'

O'

O'

CO'

I?' O

O

COC?O

O

OO

O

O

t'.

Is.

ts.

ts.

tv.

Is. N

N

fs.

fs.

[S.

|N*

I-.

tv. t-N

N

r-NN

I1-r

•

Is- t-N

N

1-

t-

|vN

It-N

tv

tv

tvN

t03

CO

C3

CO

CO

COCO

CO

COCO

CO

1

31

1

44©

450

2:.''-ELEnAX+N0D0CT(N0, I HR)

TK?GCC=ITODELT(ITO, IHR) c-:ELSI14Z+N0BCCT( NO, IHID

rT0E-AT( NO) =N0DAT( NO) +N0I:HRT( 270) CONTIirOE

imiTE ( 11, 450) IKR, ( SRFERTC N) , 21= 1 , 212) F0R2IAT ( IX, IC, 10F7.0)

I F ( FLGTAB , EQ. 1 . ) v/HI TE ( 10,600) ( N0I)ER7( N) , N= 1 , N2)

IF ( FLGTAB. EQ. 2. ) INllTE (10,610) IHR. DBT( IKR) , ( N0i)iniT(

2N) , N= 1 , N2)

460 CONTirnJE

G

C

C OUTPUT FORMAT AND FILES PREPARED

C

rm2=Ni-i

IF ( FLGTAB. GT. 1 . ) IvRITE (11, 470) ( 3RFDAT( N) , N= 1 , II2) 470 FORMAT ( IX, 3HDAY, 10F7.0,/)

IF ( FLGTAB . EQ. 1 . ) NRITE ( 11, 430) ( 3RFDAT( N) , 21= 1 . 112) 480 FORMAT (4X, 10F7.O)

IF ( FLGTAB. EQ. G. > IvRITE ( 10,630) DAY. DAI’IDBT, D/MBLAIv:, DAIEIIIT,

2DA2NrSP , ( SRFDAT( N) . N= 1 , N2)

IF (FLGDLT.EQ. 1.) NTIITE ( 12,490) DAY. ( ( BLTTL( IT, I ) , 1= 1 , 3) ,

N

2= 1 , ITN2)

490 FCPu'LAT ( IX, 12, IX. S(GF4.0. IID ) IF ( FLGT'AB. EQ. 2. ) i/RITE ( 10 , 620) DAIIDBT, ( IT0D.AT( N) , 22= 1 , N2)

DO 520 N0= 1,122

nFxSLID( 120) = ( DLTD2IL( 220, 1 ) +DLTDHLC 120, 2) +DLTDHL( NO, 3) ) /3.

500 FORMAT ( IX, 13, 10F7.0)

HRSL I T( NO ) = I2R5L I T( NO -h IUaSL I D ( NO

)

SRFiETTI NO) =SRFDA7( NO) /IIONDA+SRF2E2T( NO)

DO 510 ID= 1 ,3

DLT2IL( I?0. ID)=DLT2IL(NO, ID) -i-DLTDL( NO, ID) /HONDA

510 CONTINUE

NODMNTC NO) = N0DAT( NO) -r KCDMNTI NO)

329 CONTINUE

NUITZ ( 13 , 500) DAY, ( HRSLID( NXD , IGI= 1 , NT22)

530 CONTINUE

2E2IIDBT( HON) = HTTHDBTI IIOIT) /( H0I2DA:.'--24

)

2EUINSP( HON) = IETI-N2S?( HON) / ( H0NDA:;c24

)

12122=121-1 IF ( FLGTAB. EQ. 1 . ) NRITE ( 10 , 990) ( N0DIE2T( IT) , N= 1 , IT2) IF ( FLGTAB. EQ. 2. ) WRITE (10,1000) HNHD3T( 11012) ,( N0DIE2T( IT) , N= 1 , N

22)

IF ( FLGTAB. EQ. 3. ) TXIITE (10,1010) 2E2HD3T( HON) , lETIELAXC MON) , MNIEI 2IN(M0N) ,IE2IN2SP(H0N) , (SRF2EIT( IT) ,N=N1 ,N2)

IF (FLGDLT.EQ.O. ) GO TO 3S0

WRITE ( 11, 540) HON, ( SRFfETT( IT) , 12= 1 , N2)

WRITE ( 16 , 540) HON, ( SRFIETT( N) . N= 1 , 122) 540 FORMAT ( IX, 13, 10F7.0,/,/)

WTJTE ( 12,570) HON, ( ( DT.TIILC IT , I ) , 1= 1 , 3) . N= 1 , N:'2)

WRITE ( 15,570) HON, ( ( DLTHL( N, I ) , 1= 1 , 3) , 12= 1 , 12N2)

DO 550 N=1,N2

ERSLIT( N) =EF,SLIT( N) /I20CCDA( N)

530 C0NTII2UE

TXIITE ( 13,560) HON, ( HRSLIT( N) . 12= 1 , NI22) ITHITE ( 14,360) HON, ( URSLITC N) , N= 1 , NN2)

360 FORMAT ( IX. 13, 10F7.0)

570 FOPJLAT ( IX, 12, iX, 10(3F4.0, IID ,/,/)

138
S12 380 CONTINUE

313 PiEWTND 8

314 REWIND 9

315 STOP

816 C

317 C

818 590 FORHAT (214)

319 600 FORJLAT ( 10E9.2)

820 610 FORILAT ( I3,F7.0, 10E9.2)

821 629 FORILAT (4H DAY.F6.0, 10E9.2)

822 630 FORILAT ( 13 , F7 . 0 , F5 . 0 , F5 . 0 , Fo . 0 , 10F7 . 0)

323 640 FORILAT (04H THIS PROGRAII READS A CL I HATE

824 2 12HRADI.ATI0N ON,/,

325 3 46H USZFc SPECIFIED SUDJACES. IT .''XSO ENABLES THE ,7ZUSER TO,/,

826 4 47H FIND TOTAL HEAT GAINS IN USER SPECIFIED RGOZS../,

327 5 57H THIS OPTION IS USEFUL FOR THZRZLIL ANAL'/SIS PROGFuLIIS TEAT,/,

823 6 46H ARE NOT SPECIFIC TO BUILDING THEPEIU, .INALYIS.,/,

829 7 52S THE FILES IIUST BE ASSIGNED TO TEE FOLLFUING DEVICES,/,

330 S 44H FILE 7: THE INPUT DATA IS LTliTTEN INTO FILE.,/,

331 9 39H FILE 8: WEATHER DATA IS READ FROH FILE../,

332 42H FILE 9 : WEATHER DATA IS WT.ITTEN INTO FILE../.

333 1 36H FILE 10: TABULATED OUTPUT TOTAL GAIN ON NODES INTO FILE.,/,

334 2 50H FILE 11:TABULTED SCL.'Jl GAIN ON SURFACE INTO FILE.,/,

833 3 43H FILE 12: TABULATED DAYLIGHT LEVELS INTO FILE.,/.

336 4 31H FILE 13: TABULATED USEABLE DAYLIGITT nOTjRS INTO FILE,/,

337 o 49H ALL VARIABLES ENTERED TIUST BE RENE NUIDEFE . ( X. Y) . /)

333 650 FCTEAT (4731 ENTER THE NUTSER OF PERSONS IN TEE APARTIiENT. ./)

330 660 FOPELAT ( o2H THE OUTPUT CF THE PRCGFTEI :L4Y BE IN THE OF THE,/,

340 2 COE INPUT TAPE, OR S-U:DI4RIZED /ED T.A3TJLATED, OP. BOTH:,/,

341 G 61H IF THE OUTPUT IS O TEE SAIIE FORILAT .VS TEE WE.ATZIER DATA FILE,

342 4/16E INPUT. ENTER 1 . . / . C7E IF THE OUTPUT IS T-EBIU-^TED , ENTER 2../,

343 3 56E IF THE OUTPUT IS BOTIi IN THE FCROI OF A WE.ATEER FILE i-il^D,/,

344 6 23H IN TABUL.ATED FCPPI, ENTEP. 0../,)

345 670 F0RI14T ( ) 346 630 FORILAT ( 42H THERE .ARE 3 OPTIONS FOR Ti\BUL.ATED OUTPUT.,/,

347 2 59H IF TEE TABULATED OUTPUT IS TO BE USED .AS INPUT FOR A LARGE,/,

343 3 44H SCALE THERFIAL .ANALYSIS PROCILm (EG.3INDA),

349 4 2SH HEAT GAIN ON USER SPECIFIED.

330 5 4SH ROOI'IS WILL BE WTJTTZN INTO .AN -ASSIGNED FILE 10.,/,

351 6 25H FOR THIS OPTION, ENTER 1.,/,

352 7 57H IF TEE TABULATED DATA .ARE CIULATED FROfI A SEDRTYE.AR FILE,,/,

833 3 .5-5E .AND THE OUTPUT IS TO BE USED .AS INPUT FOR A E.AIiD HELD ,/,

354 9 34H C.4LCUL.ATCR PRCGPuUI (EG. TEANET) , ,/,9E ENTER 2../.

335 61H IF TEE TAJ3ULATED OUTPUT IS TO BE DAILY .AND EONTIE.Y SUIELEIIES,

336 1/.41H OF RADIATION ON USER SPECIFIED SUTF.ACES . , / . 9H ENTER S.,/)

337 690 FORILAT (olH THE INPUT WEATHER FILE IIUST BE A IN THE SE0RTII9NTE

,

333

3-39 .360 331

362

363

364

363

366

£67

363

369

2 20H FORILAT! SD-AYS/EONTEj ,/)

700 FOFJLAT ( 32H TEE TYPE OF WE.ATEER D.ATA INPUT:,/.

2 63H IF A SnORTilONTH FILE IS OUTPUT. TEEN A SEORTEONTE FILE IRJST 3

CE,/.39H INPTJT. IF A FULL I'ONTE WEATEER FILE IS INPUT, TEEN A FULL

4,/,C0H nONTH WE.ATEER FILE IS OUTPUT. ./,

5 23H EIHER 1. IF INPUT FILE IS.12E FUXL EONTH. ,/,

6 46H ENTER 2. IF INPUT FILE IS SHORT IIONTH (3D.AYS),/)

710 FORILiT (4oH IF TEE WE.ATZER FILE CONTAINS RADIATION L.-TA, , 2 16H .AND CLOUD D.ATA, ./,9H ENTER 1../.

3 47H IF ONLY CLOUD D.ATA IS IN WE.ATEER FILE ENTER 2../)

729 FORILAT ( 43H ENTER TEE NUTIDER OF TEE FIF.ST EONTH TO EE , 2 1 1 HC.ALCELATED . , /

)

139
870

S71

372

873

874

375

376

377

373

379

830

831

382

333

334

335

836

887

833

339

890

391

392

893

394

895

396

397

393

399

900

901

902

903

904

905

906

907

903

909

910

911

912

913

914

915

916

917

918

919

920

921

922

923

924

925

926

927

730

740

750

760

770

780

790

800

810

820

330

840

350

860

870

830

890

900

910

920

930

940

F0RI14T C35H ENTER THE RUTIBER OF THE LAST MONTH,

2 ISn TO BE CALCULATED.,/)

F0EIL4T (37H THE UNIT ST.iNDATJ) OF THE IITPUT DATA:,/,

2 22H ENTER 1. IF SI UNITS., /,27H ENTER 2, IF ENGLISH UNITS.,/)

FORIL^T (G8H TEE UNIT STANDARD OF THE OUTPUT DATA:,/,

2 22H ENTER 1. IF SI UNITS., /,27H ENTER 2. IF ENGLISH UNITS.,/)

F0RIL4T (26H THE LOCATION OF THE SITE:,/,

2 33H ENTER THE LATITUDE ( IN DEGREES) . ,/)

F0HII4T (S5H ENTER THE LONGITUDE (IN DEGREES) .,/)

F0RIL4T (21H ENTER THE TIME ZONE; , /,22H ATLANTIC TI?IE Z0NE=4.,/,

2 22H E.4STERN =5. ,/,22E CENTR.4L =6. ,/,

3 22H M0UNT.4 IN = 7 . , / , 22H P.4CIFIC =8. ,/)

F0RIL4T (52H IS THE SITE IN AN URBAN APEA, .4S OPPOSED TO A RURAL

2 6H .4TEA: ,/, 18H ENTER 1. FOR YES. ,/, 17H EiriER 2. FOR NO. ,/)

FORIIAT (24H ISOMTERIC OF URBAN SITE,/,/,

2 483 ?

f t f

? ? ,/,

3 43H ! 7 f » 7 9 4SH ! f f T 7 f 5 43H / ! / / 7 /

• • • . , ,

6 4SH / ?EGT1 / 7 / ,/ , 43H. ./ ./ !/.... ....,/,

nu 48H < STIV2 X BLOCK LENGTH >

/ 9 43H STREET i4KIS —> , , s/# 48H 3 X ,/,

1 /

,

O 4-33 ’ /? 7 / * ,/, o 4-33 ? HGT2 ? \ / ? ,/,

4 43H ! / ? \ / 7 ,/, o 433 1

f 7 1 7 ? ,/,

6 433 ? ? ?

7 7 7 \ \ \

F0RIL4T (41E FROM THE ISOMETRIC OF THE STREET ABOvT:, ,/,

2 lOH ENTER THE,

3 36H STREET AMIS, IN DEGREES, MEASURED GLOCINfIGE FROM SOUTH,,/)

F0RIL4T (6H ENTER,

2 56H THE NIDTH OF THE STREET (STUD, CONTAINING THE SURFACES,/,

3 15H AND RCO?rS, IN ,A6,/)

F0RI14T (6H ENTER,

2 47H THE WIDTH OF TEE SZC0NDi4RY STREETS (STN2), IN ,.46,/)

F0Rii4T (6H ENTER, 22H THE ELOCIC LENGTH, IN ,.46,/)

F0FJL4T (25H ENTER THE BLOCK WIDTH IN ,.46,/)

F0RIL4T (6H ENTER,

2 52H THE HEIGHT OF THE BUILDINGS ON SIDE 1 OF THE BLOCK,,/,

3 IIH (HGTl) IN ,A6,/)

FOIU-IAT (42H ENTER THE HZIGHl’ OF THE BUILDIN*^ ON SIDE,

2 16H 2 OF THE BLOCK, ,/,llH (EGT2) IN ,.\6,/)

F0RM4T (51H ENTER THE NUTI3ER OF ROOMS REQUIRING BEAT GAIN DATA,/,

2 36H .4 M.4XIHU?! OF iO ROOMS M4Y BE INPUT.,/)

F0IIM4T ( loH FOR E.4CH ROOM; ,/)

F0RIL4T (42H ENTER THE OCCUPANCY TYPE OF THE BUILDING:,/,

2 ISn IF RESIDENTI.4L l.,/,14H IF PETAIL, 2.,/,14H IF OFFICE. 3.,/)

FCFEI4T (42H ENTER TEE FLOOR WIDTH, LENGTH .AND HEIGHT ,/,3H IN,.46,/

2 )FORM/iT (53H ENTER TEE IlAMIMUil EHPECTED GCCUP.4NCY OF THE ROOM IN , 2 A.6./)

F0PJL4T (55H ENTER THE M4XIMUTI EIH’EGTZD ELECTRICAL L0.4D‘ 0? THE RGOM

2,4H IN ..46./)

FORMAT ( 45H ENTER THE NUFI3ER OF SURF.4CZ3 TO BE AN.4LYZED . , /

,

2 55H THE ri4XIIiTOI NTCIBER OF S’JRF.4GZS THAT IL4Y BE ENTERED IS ,14,/)

«

140
923 950

929

930

931

932 960

933

934 970

933

936 980

937

938 990

939 1000

940 1010

941 C

942

wiro liADLiTioN on S^Z'AC:

3 2SH bull TE:I? TE!IP SPE-D ^-‘=2 TE.IP

^FOKmT^( lK,A6,/./Vc9n DAy’ HOUKS 0? U3ZALLE JAYLIGn./D/.Y

2 A3.9(4X,AS) ./) Tv^1/ TTmT ON ir<?_KI

^''^’"^^’DisTScEs'FROn WINDOW IN FES^ . / . SX, A3 , ^ “fOKLAT (/^/.1J^*A6,I4,/A30n p. DB-rari? TOT.^ -A . 2 , A'6 , 5E AND . 2A6 , / , 5n , AO , 3^., A»> , 9( 6.x, Ax,) , FORILAT (10E9.2)

FORiLAT ( 6H MONTH, F4

.

0 , 10.^9 . -) n yt

FORILAT (6H TOTAL, /,6H MONTH, i' 4. 0 , 3x- o . 0, lOF x . 0

,

9 riV ^ /'

[NG pl;et

K lOX, AG

IN ,A6,

END

, / . 3X,

E,/, ,

) ./>

4H ON

141
SUnACT:;:SOLITEl( 1) .SUKFACCO)

1 COriPILER (DIAG=3)

O

3

4

5

6

7

3

9

10

11

12

13

14

13

16

17

13

19

20

21oo

23

24

23

26

27

23

29

30

31

32

33

34

33

36

37

33

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

43

49

30

5 1 52

33

54

33

56

57

C

C

G

C

c

c

c

cc

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

STJBROIJTINE TO IITPUT THE SURPACE DESGRIPTIOS'S

SUBHOETIITE SURFAC ( in, IGnT,N,PLGINA, ISTFLG)

IN

IRJG

IGNT

N

FLGINA

ISTPLG

FLGSFiP

N.ALALT

WALAZ

DIST(

1

SHFLN

SRFHT

SRFiiTS

SRFAR

iuFu’ liAG

HTABFL

•WINLP

FLGGL

GLAYR

GLTHIK

GLEET

GLRF

GLPlEF

FLAG FOR UNIT TYPE, SI=1, £NGLISH=2

FLAG FOR SURF-ACE TYPE, RG0M= 1 , WINR0V=2

NUFIEER OF THE SURE-ACE BEING DESCRIBED

FLAG FOR SUPPRESION OF PROIIPTS, SUPPRiSSiD IE =1.

NUTIBER OF STREETS THE SURF-AGES F-ACE ( I'LLTirnJiI=2)

INDICATES THE PL'ANE IN A STREET CAirPON IvlIERE WHTBOT? IS LOG.ATED

TILT OF N.ALL FROII HORIZONT-AL

ORIENTATION OF SITRF-ACE FROII DUE SOUTH.

DIST-AITCE OF EDGE OF SURF.ACE FROII EDGE 0? BLOCIC IIE.ASURED IN DIRECTION OF STFEET .AXIS WIDTH OF SURFACE

HEIGHT OF SURFACE

-AESOFETION COEFFICIENT OF FIN.AL AE30P.BING SURF.ACE

-APJLA OF SUTR-ACE

HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND OF SUiU^-ACE

SURFACE IS FLAT, THEN IT IS DIST.ANCE FROII PRESCRIBED

LINE; ON STREET FROII THE CENRTPJC LINE TOWARD SURF.AGE 1 ON ROOF, FROM THE STFRET EDGE OF THE ROOF.

HEIGHT ABOIT: INSIDE FLOOR OF THE SUPRACSC WINDOW)

DISTANCE FROM RIGHT EDGE OF WINDOW TO RIGHT IirFERIGR W.ALL,

LOOKING FROM THE INTERIOR OF THE ROOM

^LAG IF GLAZING IS PRESENT

NUMBER OF GLAZING L-A'/ERS IN WINDOW .AS3EIIDLY

GL.AZING L.AYER THINCKNESS

GLAZING EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT 3.ASED ON ENTERED

ITOPHLAL TR-4I'SMISSI0N COEFFICIENT

TYPE OF GLAZING MATERI.AL INDIC.ATOR.

REFRACTION INDEX OF GLAZING

COMMON /FJi/ RFM(2,5,2,2) ,RFIIX( 10,2) ,RFF(2,5)

COMJIOri /OVR/ OVRLNC 10) , GVRHT( 10) , 0’'/RUTK 10) , RDROVRI 10.

2,RFC1'TK 10) ,RFCHT( 10) .RDPxFCI 10,24) , RMOATH 10.2,2) ,FJIFC(

3 PJIPlFC( 10,2,2)

GOIEIGN /ST/ ISTS. IX, 1ST. ICST, IW, I WOP, IR, IRG? , W.ALZC 2 ,

2

2 !S3(2,24) ,W.4LF.AG(2,2,24) . .ANGINC 2, 5 . 24)

COrBION /DLT/ FLGDLT,ZSLITZ( 10,30) ,DLTDL( 10,3) ,DLTDIIL(

2 DLTDHG(10,3)

GOIEION /W.AL/ WALAZC 10) ,W.4LALT( 10) .ST.AXI3(2) ,3TW1' 2) ,S

2 BLHLEIK2) ,BLKHT(2,2) , FLGoTl 10) .GSWALTC 10) ,SNW.ALT( 10)

3 SNlrLAZ( 10) _ -

COrElON /CON/ TEMPI , TEMP2, WIND, POtiER, /HlEA, rHiT, . il CO'E'ON /SRF/ DIST(2, 10) .SRPH-AGi 10) .SRFLIK 10) , SRFHn 10

2 SRF.ABSC 10) ,.4(2, 13) ,FLGSRF( lO) ,NODOT( 10) ,N3RF0T( 10)

24) ,RFGLN( 10)

10 , 2 )

,

) , li 10,3)

(2,24)

,

rtv2(2) , ,CSWLAZ( 10-) ,

E.AT, r

} , SilF LGGLC

LNZ

AR( 10) , - 0 ) ,

142
33

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

63

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

73

79

30

31

32

33

r> 4

KJi 33

G9

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

93

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

103

109

1 10

1 1

1

1 12

i 13

1 14

1 15

3

FLGGLLC 10)

COrKCn /liu/ GLAREFC is, lO) .GLAEXTC is, lO) ,GL-\TIIia is, lO) ,IJLAY( 12) , 2 HSUFiFC 15)

DiriEriSIOIl AS(7,7) ,GLAS( 15) ,GLREF( 14 ) ,Ty?IC( 11) ,GLTniia6) ,GLE>rT(6) , 2 GLEXC 14) ,GL3C( 14) . IGLR(6) , ILAYRC 15) ,ADJAG(6) ,GL.^SS( 12) ,ilLRF(2,2)

DATA (GL-4S( I) , 1= 1 , 14) /6H AIR ,6H?0LYC3,6n POTIA ,6H PET , 2 6H PVF ,6H FEP ,6H VATER,6H ICE ,6EQUARTZ,6H OTHER, 6 H GLASS,

3 6H3I TRII,6HHT ABS , 6HEEP ILII/

BATA (RTICC I) , 1=1, 11) /ll^i^lHI/

DATA (GLEIK I) , 1= 1, 14) /.762, .000017, .6096,5.207, 1.98, 1.4986, 1.98,

2 1.67, .0254, .533, .762, .9762,5.08, .762/

DATA (GLREF( I) , 1=1, 14) / 1 . 5 1 , 1 . 0 , 1 . ,59 , 1 . 49 , 1 . 64 , 1 . 45 , 1 . 34 , 1 . GG

.

2 1.31, 1.34, 4s;>'l. 51/

DATA (AS( 1, I) , 1= 1,4) /6ETHE VI,6HND0¥ ,6H0F TIIE,6n ROOII /

DATA ( AS(2, I) , 1= 1,4) /6HTHE SU,6H?J?'ACE ,6H0R THE.eH PL/GTE/

DATA AS ( 3 , 1 ) /6IIHE I GHT/

DATA AS( 4,1) /emilDTH /

DATA (AS(5, I) , 1= 1,7) /oEHEIGIIT, 6H ABOVE, 6H 8R0UIT,6HD OF T,6EHE EOT

2.6HT0ri 0F,6n /

DATA I) , 1=1,7) /6HDISTAR,6nCE FRO.oHH THE , 6ECL OF .cESTEEZT

2,6H TO CL,6E OF /

DATA (AS(7, I) , 1=1,7) /OEDISTPJI , 6ECE FR0,6ini STRE,6EET EDG,6EE OF B

2,6inJILDHT,6HG TO /

C

C DATA FOR MATERIAL REFLZCTAITCE, IIT 2X9 ARIL4Y, FIEST \Y\LTJE FOR

G EACH OF 9 I-LATERIALS IS SPECULAR REFLZCTFiItGE .AS A PEP.CEIITAGE

C 0? THE TOT.AL. SECOND IS TOTAL rULFLECTAJICE COZFF iC lEUT.

DATA ( ( PTim III , in ) .NI=1,2) ,111=1,9) /.2, . 13, .2, . 14, .3, .33, .01. . 1-C, 2 . 03 , . 55 , 1 . . . 15 , . 25 , . Go , 1 .

, . 7 , 1 ., . 67/

C

C COEFFIZIITS FOR VIITDON REFLECTOR ILATERIALS, SATE AS .AEOAE.

DATA ( (RIEFCdll.HI) ,NI= 1,2) .111= 1,10) / 1 . ,

. 35 ,

. 2 , . 65 ,

. 1 ,

. 3, . 1 , . 25 , 2 . 1. . 1, . 1, .45, , 1. . 12. . 1, . IS, 1. , .67, .2. .4/

BATA ( < ALPcF ( If I , III ) , N I = 1 , 2 ) , III = 1 . 2

)

/6H0VEPSLA , 6 ENG , 6 ETEFLEC

,

2 6HT0R /

C

C

FEIf:T=PJEf/RLITZ

!5T3=FLGST(N)

IF (II.ZQ. 1.AND.FLGIRA.E2.0. ) PRINT 410

IB=i:ODOT(N)

IF ( I GNT . Eli. 2 ) I D= NSPEOT( IT) IF (FLGINA.EQ.O. ) PRINT 420, ( AS( ICNT, I) , 1= 1 , 2) , ID, ( AS( ICNT, I ) , 1=3

2,4) . ( AS( ICNT, I) , 1=1,2)

C ENTER THE DESCRIPTION OF THE WINDOW PGSITICN RELATIVE TO

C TEE STPEET CANYON

READ (5,630) FLGS?E(N)

WRITE (7,600) FLGSRF(N)

II=FLGS?E(N)

W.ALALT( N) = 1 . 57

WAL-'E(N)=0.

I F ( FLGSFE ( N) . EO. G . ) W.^ALALT( N) = 0

.

IF (N.EQ. l.AND.FLGIITA.ZQ.O.) PRINT 10

10 FOrCLAT (42H THE SUREAGES COIERISING THE STREET C.ANYON,/,

2 44n ILAY BE PICKED FROII THE FOLLOWING. ENTER THE./,

3 46H APPPOPRIATE RZFPEITCE NUTIBZR FOR EACH SURFACE.,/,

4 2GH TREES (DECID) l.,/.23H TPEESICONIF) 2.,/,

5 2GH GRASS 3.,/,2Gn 3ITTOIIN0US 4.,/,

143
116

1 17

1 13

1 19

120

12i

122

123

124

123

126

127

123

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

133

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

143

149

150

15 1 152

153

154

135

156

157

153

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

163

169

170

171

172

173

6 23H BRICK 5 . , / , 23H GLASS 6. ,/,

7 23H CONCRETE 7. ,/,23H METAL a. ,/,

oO 2Gii SNOU tSUMMEPi .2) 9. ,/,23H 0 iiitLR 10. ,/)

C

cC SET THE OPPOSING STREET SIDE SUREACE DEPiriDING ON THE

C ACTUAL SURFACE SIDE CHOSEN

C

c

C DETERJIINE THE MATERIALS ON EACH OF THE STREET CANYON SURFilCES

GO TO (20,30,40,20,30), II 20 IV=

1

IN0P=2

IR=4

IR0P=5

GO TO 50

30 IV=2

nro?= 1 IR=5

IRCP=4

GO TO 50

40 IV=

1

IU0?=2

IR=0

IRGP=0

50 IX= IN

IF fRF?I( ISTS, IX, 1, 1) .GT.O.) GO TO 60

C CALL SUEROUTIITE TO DZTERIIINE THE REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF

C r H.-*! SUFtFACE

CAML RFX ( IS7S, 1 1 , IX.FLGINA)

60 IX= lYOP

IF (RFTK ISTS, IX, 1, 1) .GT.O.) GO TO 70

CALL RFX ( ISTS, II, IX,FLGINA)

70 I X= 3

IF (RFIK ISTS, IX, 1 , 1) .GT.O. ) GO TO 30

CALL RFX ( ISTS, 1 1 , IX,FLGINA)

80 IX= IROP

IF (PJH( ISTS, IX, 1, 1) .GT.O. ) GO TO 90

CALL RFX ( ISTS, II. IX.FLGINA)

90 IF (IST3.EQ.2) ISTFLG=2

IvAH.AZ( N) = WALZ( ISTS , IN)

C

G IF SURFACE IS NOT A ROOF SURF.ACE. THEN SURFACE TILT .4ND C AZIMUTH ARE SET SAME AS TEL^T OF THE STREET.

IF (FLGSFJfCN) .LT.4. ) GO TO ICO

C

G

G IF THE SURFACE IS A NALL, DO NOT CALCULATE PROJECTED AREAS

C

IF (FLGINA.EO.O. ) PRINT 430, ( AS( IGNT, I) , 1= 1 , 2)

FlEAD (5,6o0) UALAJ:.T(N) IvRITE (7,630) UALx^T(N)

IF (FLGINA.EG.O. ) PRINT 440, ( AS( ICNT, I) , 1= 1 , 2)

RE.\D (5,630) WAL.4Z(N)

IvRITS (7,630) WALAZ(N)

¥ALALT( N) = WALALT( N) -3 . 14 159/ 130

.

UAL-AZC N) = WALAZ( N) -3 . 14 159/ ISO

.

IF ( UALALT( N) . GT. 1 . 57) NAL.ALTi N) = 1 . 56

144
174

175

176

177

173

179

133

131

182

133

1S4

185

iSo

137

133

139

19-3 191

192

193

194

195

195

197

193

199

200

201

“NO 200

204

205

205

2G7

100 SW¥LAZ(N)=SIN( WALAZ(N)

)

ZSLITE(N,2)=RFF( ISTS, IWOP)

ZSLITE(N.20)=RFF( ISTS.3)

G;^''-iL.T'. ) =vJ'J3( liiiLA2T( Iiv > SIllfALTl I(>=SIlT-;'I'rALALT(I[;' ; CSliLAZC IT) =C0S( ¥ALAZ( IT) ) ZSLITECN, 19) = INT(¥ALAZ(IT)';;iaO./3. 14159+.3)

ICN=3

IF ( FI.GSFJ'T N) . GT. 2 . ) ICIT=4 IF (FLGIIIA.EQ.O.) PRINT 450, ( AS( ICITT, I ) , 1= 1 , 2) , A( IN, 1

)

READ (5,630) DIST(1,IT)

lyRITS (7,630) DIST(1,N)

DIST( 1 , N) =DIST( 1 , N) :.':RLN IF (FLGINA.EQ.O. ) PRINT 460, ( i\S( ICNT, I) , 1= 1 , 2) , A( IN, 1

)

READ (5,630) SRFLN(N)

NRITE (7,630) SP»FLN( N)

SRFLIK IT) =SriFLN( II) *FiIT

ZSLITE( IT, 13) =SRFLIT( IT) /RLITZ

G

G SET COEFFISNTS FOR ITJLLIONS AND TTINDOvT IIAIITTEITAITGE DEED III C DAAXIGNTIITG SUBROUTINE

ZSLITZ(N,6)= .9

ZSLITZ(N,7)= .9 IF (FLGINA.EQ.O. ) PRINT 470, PZ3( ICN, 1 ),( AS( ICNT, I ), 1= 1 , 2) , A( IN. 1)

READ (5,630) SRPETCN)

URITE (7,630) SRFHT( IT) SRFirr( IT) = SRFST( N)

ZSLITZdT, 14)=SR7HT(N)/IiLNZ

IF (rCNT.EQ, 1) GO TO 110

IF vFLGIITA.EQ.O.) PRIITT 480, ( AST IGNT, I ) , 1= 1 , 2)

PXAD (5,630) SFcFABSdT)

URITE (7,630) SRF.AES(N)

110 IF (II.GT.2) GO TO 260

IRT=1

203 NN=

1

209 IF (FLGINA.Sa.O. ) PRINT 120, A( IN, 1) 210 C

211 C ENTER "TIE CN.TiR.ACTERISTICS CF THE OVEFELIITG AND TEE REFLECTOR

212 120 F0F8LAT C31H ENTER TEE TIDTE OF OVEFdlANG IN,A6,17E IF NONE ENTER 0.

213 2,/)

214

215

216

217

213

219

220

22

1

REPE? (5,630) OVRWD(N)

TvTlITE (7.630) OVR¥D( IT) IF (OVRT/DdT) .EQ. 0.) GO TO 210

IF (FLGINA.EO.O. ) PRINT ISO

130 F0P8L4T ( 4SH ENTER TEE LEITCTE, AND ESIGET ABOVE TOP SILL IN, ,A6,/)

PEAD (3,630) 0VRLN ( N ) . 0 vTErT( IT) TvTdTE (7,630) OVRLIK N) , OVTUTn IT) IF (FLGIITA.EQ.O. AND. IFEC.Za.O) PRINT 140

140 F0BIL4T ( 47H INDEX NUIE-ER FOR OVEREANG, REFLECTOR I14TERIALS , /

,

ooo n 39H ALUHI IT I uTI POL I SEED 1 . , /

224 4S GOH IRON EITE UEITE ENrJL •n ./

225 4 son NEITE PAINT 3 . ,/

226 3 30Z GPEY PANT 4

.

, /

227 6 GOH BA4CIC PAINT 5. ,/

223 i son BRICK 6 . ,/

oog 3 30H TO OD, LIGHT 7.

230 9 GOH vccd.dafj: 3. ,/

231 GOH SNON, ICE 9. ,/

1^5
Cl

03

'J* lo

'orCO

O'©

-< Cl

«If?

\5N

rg

O'o

cjrj

-jMo

'PN

O'o

ci

c3

'i* (p

'O^•eg

-oo

ci

o3

<?' ic©

tco©

©

-< ci

o3

loo

co©

03

03

03

0303

03

03

03

tP

rf

rt*

'f'

rP

^p

*P

lo

10

lO

lO

lO

lO

LO

to

lO

lO

vO

vO

vO

\0

vO

\p

v<5

vO

'O

vfMs.

tv.

[v.

is.

t-.

fs.

ts.

p,.

0303

03CO

03

03

03

0303

03

CJ

01

01

01

01

01

CM

01

01

01

01

01

Cl

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

0!

01

C!

01

01

01

01

0101

Cl

01

01

Cl

01

0101

01

01

0!

01

01

0101

Cl

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

C'l

1 son CONCRETE 10.,/)

150 IF (FJIOvTKN, 1,2) .EQ. 1.) GO TO 250

160 IF (FLGINA.EQ.O. ) PRINT 170. ( ALRF( NX. IRT) , 101= 1 , 2)

170 F0RI14T (Son ENTER THE SURFACE 1/IATERIAL 0? THE ,2A6,/)

FvEAD (5.630) FJL4T

NRITE (7,6S0) Rri4T IF (NN.E0.2) GO TO 190

IF (FLGINA.EQ.O. ) PRIirT 180, ( ALRF( NX, IRT) , NX= 1 . 2)

ISO FORTL4T (21H ENTER PERCENTAGE OF . 2A6 , 20H WITH THIS MATERIAL.,/)

READ (5.630) FJR

1/RITE (7,630) RPR

RPR=PJ'R/ieO.

GO TO 200

190 RPR=1.-R?R

200 IF (IRFG.EQ. 1) GO TO 240

RMO^TK N , IHT , 1 ) = RI14T

IPE11T=RIL4T

PiMRFC( 1 , IR:I4T) =RIIRrG( 1 , IRMAT) «eRMRFC( 2 , IPJflAT)

C

G flBEAM REFLECTANCE CHANGED TO ACTUAL BEAM REFELCTANCE COEFF.

rHI0\Tl( N , NN , 2) = FRR

NN=NN+1

IF (NN.LE.2) GO TO 150

210 IF (FLGINA.E-O.O. ) PRINT 220, A(IN.l)

220 F0PJ14T (47H ENTER THE 17IDTH OF THE REFLECTOR IN FRONT OF ,/,

2 12H STHIFACE. IN,A6,14H ELSE ENTER 0.,/)

READ (5,630) RFCNI)(N)

T/RITE (7.630) rEClvD(N)

IF ( RFG'trD( N) . E2. 0 . ) GO TO 260

IF (FLGIITA.EO.O. ) PRINT 230. A(i:i.l)

230 F0R:L4T (4GH ENTER THE LENGTH OF THE PEFLEGTOR. AND ,/,

2 523 THE DISTANCE BELGN WINDOW SILL OF THE PJiH’LZCTOR IN ,A6,/)

RE.^J) (5.530) FECLN( N) , PECHT( N) IvRITE (7.630) RFGLIH N) , RFCHT( N)

IRFC= 1 IRT=2

NN= 1 GO TO 130

240 PJIPEC ( N , NN . 1 ) = RJL4T

RMRFC(N,NN,2) =RPR

NN=NN+1

IF ( NN.LE.2. AND. RMRFCCT.NN, 2) .LT. 1. ) GO TO 160

250 IF (IFEC.EQ.O.) GO TO 210

260 9VR-:H)(:T)=0VRirD(N)^FLN

OVRHTC N) =OVRHT( N) «RLN

0VRLN( N) = 0VPiN( N) *r>LN

RFCHT( N) =RFCHT( N) «RLN

RFCLIK N) =RFCLN( N) --;eRLN RFCND( N) =RFCvn3( N) «RLN

DIST(2,N) =ELELEN( ISTS)-(DIST( 1 , N) +SPsFLN( N) ) SPE4-R( N) =SFELN( N) ^SPJ’HTC N)

IT=5

IF (FLGSFE(N) .E0.3. ) IT=6

IF (FLGSPJ'(N) .GT.G. ) IT=7

IF (FLGINA.E2.0. ) PRINT 490, ( AS( IT, I ) , 1= 1 , 7) , ( .IS( ICNT, I) , 1= 1 , 2) , 2( IN. 1) P.EAD (5,630) SRFIL4G(N)

ITUTE (7,630) SRFH.4G( N)

146
O

Cl

C5

(O

\©t-W

o

-- CJ

C5

l!7

\<? N

O

O'O

-I Cl

C5^

10vO

!'• O

O'O

-i fi«

*J' lO

'O ^•

CO

O'O

-< ClCO

tOON

COOO

ClCO

tO

'ON

O'

c>

O'

O'

O'

e>

(S'

O'

O'C^

G)O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

C-1

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

C'l

Cl

CJ

CO

CO

COCO

C5

C?O

CO

CO

-J<

"J*

"I*

•?

fi<

'J*

*J»

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

ClCl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

COCO

CO

CO

C5

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

COCO

CO

CO

COCO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

SrtFHilGC IT) = SKFnAG( IT; ;::RLn IF (ICITT.EQ.2) GO TO 290

IF (FLGIITA.Ea.O. ) PRINT 270, A(IN,1)

270 FOPJ'LAT. ( 44H ENTER THE EZIGITT OF BOTTOn SILL ABOVE FLOOR, A6,/)

READ (0,6 SO) IiTABFL

NRITE (7,630) HTAEFL

C

C DETERillNE TEE POSITION OF THE IvOKKPLANE (30"FR0II FLOOR)

G WITH FiESPECT TO THE WINDOW EEIGIIT AND POSITION

ZSL I TE( N , 1 6 ) = HTABFL:;:P'LNX-2 .

5

ZSLiTE(N,3)=BLEHT( ISTS, IWOP) /RLNZ-SRFHAG( N) /RLNZ+2 .

5

IF (ZSLiTE(N,6) .LE.O. ) ZSLITE( N, 3) =0

.

IF (FLGINA.EQ.O. ) PRINT 2S0, A(IN,1)

2S0 F0F31AT ( 54H ENTER THE DISTANCE FROII RIGIIT PARTION WALL TO WIITBOW 4

2HLRHC,/,42H LOOKING AT TEE WINDOW FROII INSIDE ROOI'I IN,A6,/)

READ (5,6G0) WINL?

WRITE (7,630) WINL?

ZSLITEdI, IS) =ZSLITZ(N, 13) +WINLP:;:RLNX

ZSLITEdT. 15) =ZSLITE(N, 12)

.

5-Z3L ITE( N, 13)

C CALL SUBROUTINE TO DETZFu'IINZ THE TOTAL LIGHT ABSOPJ’TIGN OF

C A RCOH.

cG CETEPUIINE THE EQUIVALENT REFLECTANCE OF A F.GOH TAVIT"/

CALL STJAB ( N, SFH’ABSl N) ) 290 CONTINUE

IF (FLGINA.EQ. 0. ) PRINT 500, ( AS( IGNT, I ) , I = 1 , 2)

C ENTER THE DESCRIPTION OF THE GLAZING CO'H’ONSNTS

FHAD (5,630) FLGGL(N)

IvTdTE (7,630) FLGGLdI)

IF (FLGGLdI) .ZO.O. ) GO TO 390

IF (FLGINA.EQ.O.) PRINT 510, ( AS( IGNT, I ) , 1= 1 , 2) FJIAD (5,630) GLAYR

WRITE (7.630) GLAYR

NLAI:'R= GLAYR

NL=0

LA5T.= 0

300 LAYR=LAYR+1

NL=NL-i-l IF (FLGINA.EQ.O.) PRINT 530, LAYR

IF ( (NSRFOT(N) . EQ. 1 . OR. IT0B0T( N) .EQ. 1) . ^UTD. L.1YP.. ZQ. 1 . AND. FLGINA. ZQ.

20.) PRINT 540

pj:;z) (5,630) glpj

WRITE (7,630) GLFiF

IGLR( NL) =GLRF

IGE= IGLR(NL)

IF (FLGINA.EQ.O.) PRINT 520, LAYR, A( IN, 12)

r^ZAD (5,630) C-LTHIIRNL)

WRITE (7,630) GLTHIK(NL)

GLTHIIX NL) =GLTnii;: GL) :.':RLNZ J=LAYR-1

IF (IGE.EQ. 11) GO TO 350

IF ( IGE.GT. 1) GO TO 320

I? (FLGINA.EQ.O.) PRINT 310

310 F0?:L\T (G6H IF USASURED TR/iNSrllTTAJiCE. ENTER 0.,/.

2 2SH IF OFiD INARY GLASS. ENTER 1../.22H IF WATER dllTE, ENTER. GH 2.

3,/.23H IF HEAT ABSORBING, ENTER 3.,/,2iH IF REFLECTING, ENTZF.,

4 3H 4. ,/)

FELiD (5,630) GLT

147
348

349

350

05 1 332

353

334

333

336

357

353

359

360

361

362

363

364

363

366

367

363

369

370

371

372

373

374

i O w 4 O o k « 0^0

379

oOwt/

1 w-LJ i

r> rjo

OQO

334

333

3opo

337

333

339

390

39 1 392

393

394

393

396

397

393

399

490

401

402

403

404

405

320

330

340

350

360

370

330

WRITE (7,630) GLT

IF (GLT.EO.O.) GO TO 330

IF ( GLT. EQ. 4 . ) CALL RHO ( GLRC( RL) , GLEXT( RL) , GLTHIK( RL) , ADJAC( RL) ,

R

2L . riLAYK. LAiTx., GLAYR. IGE , J , IGLA( RL- i > ) IGE=10+GLT

IGLR(RL)= IGE

GLEIkTl RL) =GLSX( IGE)

GLRC(RL)=GLREF( IGE)

GO TO 370

IF (FLGIRA.EQ.O. ) PRKTT 340

FORHAT (54H EIITER MEASURED N0RIL4L TRARSMISSIOR OF MATERIAL, RATIO,

2 6H OF 1 . ,/)

READ (5,630) GLEX( RL)

WRITE (7,630) GLEX( RL)

GO TO 360

IF (FLGIRA.EQ.O. ) PRIRT 560

READ (5,630) GLRC(RL)

WHITE (7,630) GLRG(RL)

FiEAD (5,630) GLEirTC RL)

WRITE (7.630) GLEIPK RL)

GLEXTC RL) =-ALOG( GLEXT( RL)

)

GLEXTC RL) =GLEXT( RL) /GLTHIKC RL)

IF (LAYR.GT. l.ARD. FLGIRA.EQ.O.) PRIRT 550, LAYR,

J

IF (LAYR.EQ. 1) ADJAC(RL)=0.

IF ( LAYR. GT. 1 ) READ ( 5 . 630) ADJAGC RL)

IF ( LA'm. GT. 1 ) TIRITE ( 7 , 630) ADJAlCC RL)

IF (LAYR.LT.RLAYR) GO TO GOO

I? (FLGIRA.EQ.O. ) PFiIRT 400, LAYR

FiEAJ) (5.630) ADJ

WHITE (7,630) ADJ

ID= 1 IF ( ADJ.EQ. 1 . ) ID=0

NLAYR=GLAYH+ ID IAD=0

IADD=0

BO 330 I=1,RLAYR

IAD= lAD+IADD

R0= I+IAD

IF ( I . EQ. NLAxYR) GO TO 330

IIIZF= IGLR( I) GLATlEF ( RO , R ) = GLRC ( I

)

GLATHIR RO , N) = GLTHIIR I

)

GLAEirn NO , R) = GLEXT( I

)

ILAYR(N0)=R0

GL.\SS(RO) =GLAS( IREF)

IADD=0

IF ( ADJACC l+l) .EQ. 1 . ) GO TO 3E0

IADD=

1

GLiVREF ( NO-i- 1 , R) = GLREF ( 2

)

GLATRia N0+ 1 , R) = 1

.

GLAE!Pr( R0+ 1 , R) = . 000917

ILAY?.(RO+l)=RO-i-l

GLASS ( R0+ 1

) = GLAS ( 1

)

CORTIIIUE

NSURF(R) =R0

RLAY(R)=T0-1

ROO=RLAY( R) IF (FLGIRA.EQ.O.) PRINT 570
40-3 407

403

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

413

419

439

440

441

442

443

44-4

44-5 44 o 443

449

430

451

452

433

434

455

436

457

453

459

460

46 1 462

463

390

C

C

IF (FLGIIIA.EO.O. ) PRIITT 330, HI? I€( J) , J= 1 , IIGO) IF (FLGIRA.E'R.O. ) FRUIT 600, ( ILiiATK J) , v/P IG( J) , J= i , ITCO) IF (FLGINA.EQ. 0.) PRINT 580, (IvT IC( J) , J= 1 , IIOO) IF (FLGIITA.EQ.O. ) FRUIT 610, ( GLASS! J) , Iv? IC( J) , J= 1 , 1100) IF (FLGIRA.EQ.O. ) PRINT 330, (I/? IC( J) , J= 1 , NOO)

IF (FLGINA.Za.G. ) PRINT 590

FLGGLL(N)=0.

IF ( ICNT.EG.2. AND.FLGINA.EQ.O. ) PRINT 620

IF (ICNT.Ea.2) READ (5,630) FLGGLL(N)

IF (ICNT.EQ.2) RRITE (7,630) FLGGLL(N)

CONTINUE

RETURN

420 400 FORMAT ( ISH ENTER 1. IF LAYER, I2,29H IS IN CONTACT WITH

421 2 9H SURFACE.,/, 14H ELSE ENTER 0. ,/)

422 410 FORIIAT (24H ISOMETRIC OF IHIBAN s I 'iii , / , /

,

423 O 4SH * ?

? •

? ? 424 o 43H f ? ? 4. t

? 1 425 4 43H ! » 9 t t 425 5 4oTI / T / /SRF/-DST1>/ ? / ,/,

427 6 43H / ? / 1

.

/ ? /

423 7 4SH. ./ ! / . . . . / !/

429 8 4SH

430 9 49H STREET AXIS —> 3. , /

431 4SE

432 1 4SH - • ^ T 4£H /! / ? / ! ? , / , 43E / ’ / • 2. / ; / ’

, /,

4C5 9 4SH. ./ ! / . , ; . / /. . ! . . 4C6 5 49H : ’ ? ; 1

? ? 437 6 49H ! !

' ? 5. 1 1 f 0

, /

433 i 49H . ? ?

•t ? ! ? ,/

420

430

440

450

460

470

480

490

500

3 10

520

330

540

FOFGIAT ( 16E DESCRIPTION OF , 2A6 , 13 , IX, 2A6 , /

,

2 52H A lUUIBER ON TEE ISOI'ETRIC REPRESENTS A PLANE IvTSElE ,/.lX,2A6,

3 11 HIS LOCATED. , 19H ENTER THAT NUI-3ER. ./)

FOPELAT ( IGH ENTER TEE TILT 0F,2A6,23n IN DEGREES FROII HORIZON.,/)

FOFGIAT (25H ENTER THE ORIENTATION OF ,2A6,12H IN DEGREES, , 2 2 in CLOCIR/ 1 3E EROH SCoTH,/)

FOFJL\T (42H ENTER TEE DIST.ANCE FROM THE SIDE EEGZ OF ,2A6,6HT0 THE

2,/,31H CCFtNZR OF TEE BLCCE, DISTi IN .16,/.

3 o4H (NOTE TEAT DISTI IS MEiASURED IN TZ DilUirfV* Jl I \J. [I OF

4 13ESTREET ^AXIS.))

FORMAT (21H ENTER THE LENGTH OF ,2A6,4H IN ,A6,/)

FORMAT (IIH ENTER TEE , A6 , 4H OF , 2A6 , 4H IN ,A6./)

rOFJLAT (G7H ENTER THE i-AESOPHTION COEFFICIENT OF ,2A6,/)

FOPJiAT (IIH ENTER TEE .7A6./,4H OF ,2A6,3HIN ,A6,/)

FORMAT ( 4H IS , 2A6 . 20EC-LAZED . 1 . = AMS . 0 . = NO , /

)

FOFJLAT (23H DESCRIPTION OF TEE GL;iZING:,/,

2 G9H ENTER TEE: NIHIEER OF GLAZING LAYEPE3 IN ,216,/)

FOPELAT (37H ENTER TEE TEICIEiESS OF GL.IZING LA'fZR, iC,4H IN ,A6,/;

FORMAT (45H ENTER THE INDEX NO, OF TEE MATERUiL OF LAIHR, IC,/)

FOPJIAT (4 in IL\TEFJ/iL INDEX NUMBER ,/.

2 19H

3 27H

4,27H

5,27H

6,27H

, / , 27H

AIR

PLZXIG/iLSS! ?:-EL\)

TEDLi'JK ?VF)

KATER-LIOUID

2 .

, / . 27H

4 . , . 2711

6 . , / , 27H

3. ,/,27n

1 . ,/,

IHMRI PET) 5 . , /

HATER- sbriD 9.]/

149
464

465

466

467

46 S

469

470

471

472

473

474

475

476

477

473

479

4o3

7,273 QUARTZ 10.,/,27H OTHER 11.

3)

550 FORIIAT (24H EHTER 1. IE THIS LAYER, , 13, 14H IS IN CONTACT,

2 IIH WITH LAYER, 13,/, 14H ELSE ENTER O..-/)

560 FORILAT (39H ENTER TEE INDEX OF REFRACTION AND THE ,/

2 40HTRANSMISSI0N GOSFFIENCT OF THE TLATERI AL. , /)

570 FORILAT ( 27H SPECIFIED GLAZING SECTION:,/)

530 FORILAT (113 1 , 1 1 ( 63, A1 ) ) 590 FOPJ'IAT (,/,/)

600 FORILAT ( 1 IH LAYER 1 . 1 1 ( 13 , 3X, A1 ) ) 6 10 FORILAT ( 1 IH ILATERI AL I . 1 1 ( A6 , A1 ) ) 620 FORILAT (473 ENTER 0. FOR CALCULATION OF SNEP.GY ON AESCREER,

2 SH SURFACE,/, 4 IH ELSE, ENTER THE LAYER NUII3ER FOR ENERGY,,

3 16H AESROBED THERE.,/)

630 FORILAT ( ) C

END

150
SUNACT*SOLITEl(l).RHO(3)

1 COMPILER (DIAG=3)

2 C

3 C SUBROUTINE TO ADD A LAYER TO A COMPOSITE GLAZING ASSEMBLY

4 C WHEN A REFLECTIVE GLAZING ASSEMBLY IS SPECIFIED WITH A

5 C HIGH COEFFICIENT OF REFRACTION . THIS RESULTS IN A HIGH

6 C REFLECTION COEFFICIENT

7 Q *******•»*-»*»••*******•»*•»*»****»**»•»********»•******•*••»•*****•*

8 SUBROUTINE RHO(GLREF,GLEXT,GLTHIK,ADJAC,NL,NLAYR,LAYR,GLAYR,IGE

9 *,J,IGLRF)

10 GLTHIK=.0001

11 GLREF=1000.

12 GLEXT=.78

13 NL=NL+1

14 LAYR=LAYR+1

15 NLAYR=NLAYR+1

16 J=J+1

17 ADJAC=1.

18 IGE=11

19 IGLRF=14

20 GLAYR=GLAYR+1

21 RETURN

22 END

151
SUTIACT::jS01

1

->3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

1

12

13

14

15

16

17

13

19

20

O 1

24

25

26

27

23

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

33

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

,ITE1

C

C

C

C

Cc

c

cc

c

c

cc

c

cc

ABSOBPTAITCE OF A ROOM (D.SRTABIO)

STOEOUTINE TO DETERIIirTE THE EFFECT I VI C 4V I TY

DETERHIITES VIE¥ FACTORS FROM WINBOW nr\/FX) TO SB^ACE

AITD DETEFCIIHES SURFACE VIEW FACTOR TO WINDOW OCVjW) USING

lERELKELD VIEW FACTORS.

SUBROUTINE SRFAB (N.SRF^IBS)

I7VFX VIEW FACTOR FROM WINDOW TO SURFAC

XVFW VIEW FACTOR FROM SURFACE TO WINDOW

\ DISTANCE OF SURFACE MIDPOINT FFiOM VIEWING SUR*'rxCjL

B HALF THE LENGTH OF THE SURFACE

C HALF TEE SURFACE WIDTH

ASSUME -ALL VIEW FACTORS ARE SYFEETRICAL

SRFABS EFFECTIVE ABSORPTION OF ROOM CAVITY N

COIEION /DLT/ FLGDLT,ZSLITE( 10,30) ,DLTDL( 10,3) ,DLTDHL( xO,..) , 2 DLTBHGC 10,3)

A1 = ZSLITE(N, 18)-ZSLITE(N, 10):.'J.3 B1 = ZSLITE(N, 12)

C1 = ZSLITE*. N, 10) ^:.5 VIEW FACTOR FR.OM WINDOW TO SIDE I "ALL

in/TW=FFR(Al,31,Cl)

A1 = E5LITE(N, 12)=;<.5

B 1 - ZS I TE( N . 13)

E2=31-ZSLITE(N, 13)

VTEW FACTOR FROM SIDE WALL 70 WINDOW

WLATW= FPR( A1 , B 1 , C 1 ) -F?R( A1 , B2 , C 1

)

A1 = ZSLITE(N, 12)

B1=ZSLITZ(N, 11)«.5

VIEW FACTOR FROM WINDOW TO OPPOSITE WALL

T7VF v.'0= FPP ( A 1 , E 1 , C 1

)

B1 = ZSLITE(N, 13)Ji:.5

C1 = ZSLITE(N, 14)'i:.5

VIEW FACTOR FROM OPPOSITE WALL TO WINDOW

W0\TW=FPP(A1,31.C1) ^ A1 = ZSLITE(N, 10)-( .5:;'ZSLITE(N, 14) +2 . 5+i.SLITE( N, 16. ) B1=ZSLITE(N, 12)«.5

C=Z5LITE(N, 1 l)*.o

50

5 1

VIEW FACTOR FROM WINDOW TO CEILING

irVFG=FPR( A1 ,31 ,C)

Bl = Al+.o:"ZSLITE(iT, 14)

A1=ZSLITE(N, 12) -.5

B2=B1-ZSLITE(N, 14)

C=Z3LITECri, 13)>::.5

52

53

54

55

36

57

G VTEW FACTOR FROM CEILING TO WITTDOW

CVFW= FPR( A1 , 3 1 , C) -r PR( A1 , 32 , C)

41 = 25LITZ(N, 14) 5i- . 5+3 . S+Ze^L ITE( N , 10)

B1 = ZSLITE(N, 12)^<.5

C=ZSLITE(N, ID-.':. 5

152
58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

63

69

70

71

72

73

74

on

on VIEV FACTOR FROM WINDOW TO FLOOR

WVFF=FPR( Al,Bl,C)

A1 = ZSLIT2(N, 12):;c.o

B1 = A1+ZSLITECN, 14):;:. 5

B2=.B1-ZSLITE(N, 14)

C=ZSLITE(N, 13)«.o

VIEW FACTOR FROM FLOOR TO WINDOW

FVFW= FPR( A 1 , B 1 , C) -FFR( A1 , B2 , C)

TvTl=2SLITE(N,3)

CR=ZSLITE(N,4)

FR=ZSLITE(N,3)

SKFABS= 1 .-( WR:l:WLVFW:.':WVFW:;s2+CRj;jCVFWJSWV7C+FR-iJW"VTF5{:FVFW+l-/R«WvTWO:lJWOVF

2W)

RETURN

END

153
SUWACT^SOLITEK 1) .RFX(0)

COMPILER (DIAG=3)

SUBROUTINE FOR INPUT OF STREET CANYON SURFACE DESCRIPTORS

SUBROUTINE RFX (ISTS,I,IX,FLGINA)

C RFM( 1,2,3,4,5) STREET CANYON SURFACE MATERIAL ARRAY INDEX

l = PRIM/mY OR CROSS STREET INDICATOR

2= SURFACE INDICATOR ON THAT STREET

3= INDICATES FIRST, OR SECOND MATERIAL ON STREET SURF

4= INDICATES MATERIAL TYPE(l-lO), AND % COVERED

1X(1,2) MATERIAL REFLECTANCE COEFFICIENTS,

1= TOTAL REFLECTANCE

2= PERCENT OF TOTAL FFIFLECTANCE TH.4T IS SPECULAR

COMION yRK/ Rim 2 , o , 2 , 2) , RFrUR 19,2), RFF( 2,3)

D I MENS I ON ALPHA! 4,3)

DATA ( ( ALPHA! IT, M) , M= 1 , 3) , N= 1

,

4) /eHTHE NA, 3IILL ITS , 6HELF , 2 6HTEE 0P,6E?0SITE,6H N.ALL ,6HTEE 3T,6HREET 3 , 6ZTJPFACE, 6HTHE OP,

3 6H?03ITE,6H ROOF /

NN=0

IA= IX

IF !IX.EQ.5) IA=4

IF !IA.LT,3) IA=1

IF ! I A. LT. 3. AND. I .HE. IX) IA=2

HN=JTITh-1 IF FLGINA. EQ. 0 . ) PRINT 20 , ! /iLPHiT.! I A, N) , N= 1 . 3)

FGFJIAT !2?H ENTER THE MATERIiiL OF THE ,3A6,iH. ,/)

READ !o,30) RFM! ISTS , IX, NN , 1 )

' FOPJIAT ! ) URITE !7,30) FiFM! ISTS , IX, NN, 1

)

IF !NN.LT.2) GO TO 40

FtFIK ISTS , IX, NN, 2) = 1 . -RFM! ISTS , IX, NN- 1 , 2)

GO TO 60

IF ! FLGINA. EQ. 0. ) PRINT oO

FORMAT !50H ENTER ^IME PERCENTAGE OF THE PLA

2 lOH FIATERIAL. ,/) PJIAD ! 5 , GO ) RFM! I STS .IX, NN , 2

)

URITE !7,30) FF’M! ISTS , IX. NN. 2)

RFM! ISTS. IX,NN,2) =RFM! ISTS, IX, NN, 2) / 100

.

IF !RFM! ISTS, IX,NN. 1) .NE. 10. ) GO TO 80

IF ! FLGINA, EQ. 0. ) PRINT 70

12 C

3 C

4 c

o c

6

7 c 3 c

9 c

10 c : 11 c

12 c

13 c

14 c

15 c : 16 c

17 c

13 c

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

23

29 10

30

31 20

32

33 30

34

35 G

36 G ; 37

33

39

40 40

41 30

42

43

44

45

46 60

47

43 70

49

50

5 1 52

53

54

35

56

57

58 80

39

60

61 C

62 C I 63 G I 64

65

66

67

68

ACE;

COVERED IN THAT,

r OFJLAT ! 45x1 ExImR NT RiiiA* iiiLCTED Oi* J iTER-IAL,/,

2 20H AT NGRILAL INCIEENCE,/,

3 48H ENTER THE PERCENT OF TOTAL REFLECTION 3PEGUL.A?il IE REFLECTED.

4,/)

READ !5,S0) R, RD

VUITE !7,30) R.RD

R=R/100.

RD=RJ.':PJ)/'1G0. RFTE;! 10, 1)=RD

RFIHi! 10,2) = R

IM=rF’M! ISTS, IX,NN, 1) RF=RFMX! IM,2)

RFIHK IM, 1 ) = RF:.':RFMX( IM, i

)

PAL REFLECTANCE FROM A SURFACE IS CALCULATED 3Y AREA IvLIGHTED

MECTANCE COEFFICIENTS

RFF! ISTS, IX)=RF:::FF-M! ISTS, IX. UN, 2) -i-RFF! ISTS, IID IF (RFM! ISTS, IX,NN.2) . GT. 0 . AND. Nil. LT. 2 . AND. xRFIK ISTS, IX, NIT, 2) .NE. 1 . i| 2) GO TO 10

RETURN

END 'i
STTNACl^SOLITECC 1) .TRAITSCO)

1o

3

4

5

6

7

3

9

10

11

12

13

14

13

16

17

13

19

20

21oo23

23

23

2?

O O 29

30

31

32

33

34

33

36

37

33

39

40

41

42

43

45

46

47

/* O 49

50

5 1 32

30

34

33

56

57

C

C

c

cc

cc

c

c

cc

c

c

cc

cc

c

c

c

c

c

G

10

c

c

c

c

G

G

GOriPILEIl (DIAG=3)

>*>«W > V*WvW

SUBROUTINE TRANS ( AING, ITSRT , iUJSOLA, TRIIO

• <« «7» ^ ^ ^• 4 4<> 4> 4 4^ 4£*

RHO REFLEGTION GOEFFICIENT FOR SINGLE SURFAGS

TAU TRANSMISSION GOEFFIGIENT FOR SINGLE LAYER

RHHO PiEFLECTION GOEFFIGIENT FOR ALL SURFAGES UP TO Ain) INCLUDING

TAAU TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT FOR ALL LAYERS INCLUDING THE LAYS

TEE SURFACE

ALL RHOP (REO PRIME) AND TAUPITAU PRIM) V.ARIABLZS INDICATE REFELCTION

AND TRANSMISSION FROM THE .ABSOPEER SIDE RESPECTIVELY

PROGRAM CALCULATES TEE TRANSMISSION FOR EAC3 LAYER IN A GLAZING .ASSEIB

AND THE REFLECTION FROM EACH SURFACE IN THE ASSEMBLY.

BY USING THE SATE SOLUTION TO TIE GEOIETRIC SERIES. TEE ALGORITHM

SUCCESS RELY REPLACES EACH LAYER NITH THE SUM EFFECTS OF THE PFECEEDIN

LAYERS FROM EO'rH THE FRONT AND BACH (ABSORBER PEFLECTANCE)

COIEIOrT /SPtF/ DISTC2, 10) ,SRFHAG( 10) ,SRFLN( 10) , SFEETC 10) , SFF.AR( 10) , 2 SPEAES( 10) ,AS(2, 13) ,FLGSRI'( 10) , NODOT( iO) . NSFtJOTi 10) ,FLGGL( 10) , 3 FLC-GLL( 10)

GOIE.ON /TRV GLATEFC 15, 10) , GLAEHTC 15,10) , GLATEEN 13,10) , NLAT( 12) , 2 NSLTE( 13)

DIIErTSION R(2, 13) , T( 15) , A( 13) ,RH0(2, 13, 13) ,TAU(2, 13, 13) , 2 ALFHi\(2, 15) ,rJI0?(2, 15, 13) ,PFE0(2, 13) ,'FAAU(2, 15) ,TAU?(2, 13, 13)

D HENS I ON FEFLXC 15) ,PiES0( 13) , TRANS ( 13)

AITGINC=AINC

NLATF.= NLAY( NSRF)

NSUFES= NSUTF ( NSRF

)

REFRIC= GLAFiEF ( 1 , NSFT

)

BREAIC GL.YZING ASSEIBLY INTO SUTIFACES ^AND LAYEP»S S.ANDT7I CHZD BY

SURFACES

BO 10 I=1,NLAYR

IF ( I . GT. 1 ) REFRAC=GLAREF( I , NSRF) /GL.ARE7( I - 1 , NSRF)

THETA= .AS I N ( S I N ( ANG INC)/FFFRAC

)

T( D = EXP( -GLAEirn I , NSRF) ^.^GLATHIvC I , NSRF) /CCS( THETA) ) A( I) = 1-T( I)

R( 1 , I ) = ( S IN( ANGIITC-THETA) /S IN( ANGINC-i-THETA) )

:.'";:2 R( 2 , I ) = ( T.AN( iANG INC-THETA) /TANi .ANG INC+THETA) ) ^'::;c2 .AITGiNG= THETA

CONTINUE

R( 1 , I-M ) = 1-SRFAES( ITSPF)

R(2, I+l) = l-SRFABS(NSRF)

FOR E.ACH .AXIS OF FOLARIZ.ATION

DO 30 1=1,2

FOR EACH LAYER

BO 30 J=1,NLAYR

L=J-1

-AND FOR ALL THE SURF.ACES DEFINED IN THE GLAZING .ASSEMBLY

155
33

59

60

61

62

63

64

63

66

67

63

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

73

77

73

79

SO

31

82

3-3' 34

35

S3

37

33

39

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

93

99

100

101

102

103

1 04-

105

103

107

103

109

1 10

111

1 12

113

1 14

1 15

DO 40 K=J,NLAYR

C DETERIIIITE- HZFLECTAUCE FRO?I SURFACE

C AUD TR-4iTSmSSI0N (Tl)

Tl = T(IO

T2=TU:T1

FJK1 = R( I .K+1)

N=K-J+1

TN1 = T(ID

'm2=Ti:;iTi

RIN=R( I ,N) IF ( J.GT. 1) GO TO 20

RE0P1 = R( 1,10

RE0P2=RIKi

RH01=RH0P1

TAUSBP=( 1-RIKl)

RE02=RIK1

TAUSUE=( 1-RHOPl)

L= 1 C

C TRARSrIISSION OF LAYERS (GEIIOTRIC SUID

20 TAU( I ,J,K) =TAUSUB:.:T !:-:( l-RIKD/C l-T2r;:RIKl^'iREGP 1)

C

C REFLECTI OIT FROM L.4YER (GEOMETRIC SERIES)

FiEO( I,J,IO=FJI01+TAUSUE:;<T2:;iRIKl:-'-‘( l-REOPl)/( l-T2‘.'RIKl:;'Rn

20P1)

TAUP( I , J , K) =TAUS3P;::TTI1:::( l-RIR) /( l-TIT2:;:PJI02«:RirT)

REOP( I , J,ID =FcE0?2+TAUSB?::JTIT2:;Riri:l<( l-FEI02)/( l-TIT25.'=RIR:^Il 2E02)

ri- K

IF (K.LT.IIL-YYR) GO TO 30

M=J

L=J

30 TAUSUB= TAU( I , L , M)

TAUSB?= TAU( I , L , ri-r 1)

riE01 = RE0( I ,L,ID

FiE02=rt:o( I ,l,ii+i)

RH0P1 = RE0P( I ,L,:i)

RE0P2= PROP ( I , L , M+ 1

)

40 CONTirrJE

50 CONTINUE

BO 70 M= 1 , NLAYR

T1 = T(M)

T2=Tli.'Tl IF (M.GT. 1) GO TO 60

ROP= R( 1 . 1

)

TAUSU3= 1-ROP

R0= RRO( I , NLAYR- 1 , NLAYR)

ROi = ROP

60 N= NLAYR- (M+1)

ALPH-FC I , M) =TAU3L-B:;:A( ID 4*( l+TL.’RcO) /( l-TE^/JRO'^RO?)

C

G PJIFLECTION FROM SERIES OF SURFACES

KHEG( I ,M)=R01+TAUSUB:.-T2:;cR0:S( 1-ROP) /( 1-T2:;R0:;R0P)

C

C TRANSMISSION OF A SERIES OF SUPJ'ACES.

TA-4U( I ,M)=TAUSTJR:;:TI:;:( l-RO)/( l-T2^:^R0^;:R0P)

TAUSUE=TAU( I . M. M)

R0= 1-5RFABS( NSFiF)
116

117

113

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

123

129

130

131

132

133

134

133

133

137

133

139

140

IF (N.GT.G) R0=P£0( I,N,NLAYIU

R0?=RS0P( 1,31,11)

R01=FtE0(

70 CONTI RUE

30 CONTINUE

BO 90 I=1,NLAYR

REFUK I) = (FJIIIO( 1, I)+RHH0<2, I) ):R,5

ABSO( I ) = ( ALPHA( 1,1) + ALFEA( 2 , I ))••;«. 5

TRANS( I) = (TAAU( 1, I)+TAAU(2, I) >^:.5

90 CONTINUE

NLiYP=NLAYR-i

C

C TRANSMISSION OF THE GLAZING ASSEIIBLY

TRI N= ( TAU( 1 , NLAYP , NLAYP ) +TAU( 2 . NLAYP , NLx\Y? ) ) * , S

IFL=FL3GLL(NSFJ')

C

C ABSORPTION IN TEE FINAL ABSORBER LAYER

ABSOLA=‘\BSO( IFL)

RFLirrO= ( RiIO( 1 , NLAAH, NLAiH) +FEO( 2 , ITLAYR, NLAYR) ) AESOTO= ( TAU( 1 , NLAYR, NLAYR) tTAU( 2 , ITLAYR, NLAYR) ) IF ( FLG3LL( NSRF) . EO. 0 . ) ABSOLA= ABSOTO

FETUTJI

C

C

END

1
OI

Ol

Cl

Ci

c;i

OIW

Cil

.li

tfJi.

4^

hli.

Ji.

COW

Q

W

COO

Q

W

CO

CO

10

10

1013

fO

to

to

10

to

10

I-

—1

-

*-

tI1

-i

i-i

•4

i3\

Cl

4-

CO

to

I-* O

O

CO

*0

6^

Cl

.t>.

CO

to

t“ O

^

CO

*0

e\

01

4^

C3

to

-* O

40

00H

C^

Cl

CO

10

-O

'll

COM

O'

01

4>-

CO

to

-©

vO

03N

'3^

Cl

CO

to

t- STJNACT.’iS0LITE2( I ) . "TFSEFC 0)

COHPILEH (DIAG=3)

Cc

c

c

c

cc

c

cc

c

c

c

c

cc

c

cc

c

c

c

c

c

cc

c

c

c

cc

c

C SUBROUTIITE TO BETER?IirTE THE DIFFUSE RADIATION VIEW FACTOFcS FOR

C 'i' H SPECIFIED SURFACE.

DIIIENSION VF?-3(2,5)

COTEION /FJI/ RFH(2,o,2,2) .RFfEK 10,2) ,RFF(2,5)

COIE’ION /OVR/ OVRLIK 10) , 01/HHT( 10) ,OVRT7D( 10) , ?J)R0'v?.( 10.24) .FJ'GLIK lO: 2,R?CT®( 10) ,RFCET( 10) .FORFCI 10,24) , RIIOVRC 10,2,2) ,FJlFCi 10,2) , 3 rC^IRFCI 10,2,2)

COIEION /DIF/ I\TD(5, 10,2) , VF(5, 10) ,TRA(5, 10) ,TRIT(5, 10)

C0?EI0N /U^ UALAZ( 10) ,¥ALALT( 10) ,STAJ{IS(2) ,3TUlf 2) .STU2(2) , 2 BL:CLEIT(2) ,BLKET{2,2) ,?LGST( 10) ,CS¥ALT( 10) , SrUvALTI 10) , CS¥X/:lZ( 10) , 3 5ir*.XAZ( 10)

COmON /SRF/ DIST(2, 10) , SKFHAGI 10) ,SPRLN( 10) , SREHTC 10) . SRF.ARI 10) , 2 SPlEAESI 10) ,AA(2, IS) ,FLC-SF<F( 10) , N0D0T( 10) ,NSRFOT( 10) ,FLGGL( 10) , 3 FLGGLLC 10)

C CALCULATE THE SEY VIE¥ FACTORS OF THE LARGE PL.-ETE3 IN THE

C STREET CAITTON, FOR THE PRIiLARY AND GROSS STREET,?.

BO 40 ISTS= 1, ISTFLG

ISTC=2

IF (IST3.EQ.2) ISTC=1

H1 = BLIHIT( IST3, l)/2

H2=BLKHT( I STS, 2) /2

S¥=ST¥-1( ISTS)

SL=BLKLEN( ISTS) i

SUBROUTINE VFSRF ( ISTFLG, N2)

ALPHA SOLID ANGLE FROM ROOF SURFACE TO OPPOSITE ¥ALL,

ALPHA 1 1 . 5708-ALPHA

A DISTANCE FROM SURFACE TO LARGER, DIFFUSE REFLECTING SURFACE.

B HEIGHT, OR ¥IDTH OF SURFACE DEPENDING ON CONTEXT.

C LENGTH OF SURFACE, TAKEN AS 3 X BLOCK LENGTH

FPP VIE¥ FACTOR FUNCTION FOR PARALLEL SURFACES

FPR VIE¥ FACTOR FUNCTION FOR PERPENDICULAR SURFACES

FSPR VIEW FACTOR FOR SURFACES IfHERZ B. GE. T.\N( SUTIFACE TILT FROII NOPHIAI

FSP? VIE¥ FACOTR FOR SURFACES UnERE 3. LT. TAN( SURFACE TILTXA)

VF( 1-2) VIEW FACTOR FROM IRJRFACE TO ¥ALLS, INCLUCING REFLECTANCE

VF(5) VIE¥ FACTOR TO SKY

VF(G) VIE¥ FACTOR TO STPJET INCLUDING REFLECTANCE

VF(4) VIEW FACTOR TO ROOF INCLUDING ?J:FLEGT.\NCS FACTORS

IVFD(o) ANGLE OF VIEW RANGE FROM 1 (ANG=0) TO 13 ( AiIG=90DEG?EZS)

.ANGLE OF SKY VIEW

IVFD(3) ANGLE OF STREET VIEW FROM SUP'F.AC I\TD(1) .ANGLE OF WALL VIEW

IVTD(2) .ANGLE OF VIEW, OF U'ALL 2

IVFDR .ANGLE OF ROOF VIEW

VFP3 SIMPLIFIED VIEW FACTOR FROM .AN ENTRIZ 3URF.ACE TO CLE.AR SKY.

THETA 90 DEGFCIES-W.ALL TILT .ANGLE

BETA SUM OF THETA + .ALPHA

158
o3

39

60

61

62

63

64

63

66

67

63

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

73

79

30

31

32

S3

O 'I 35

35

37

33

39

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

93

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

103

109

no

1 1

1

112

1 13

1 14

1 13

R¥=BLIZ.EIT( ISTC)

DEH1 = BLI2IT( I STS, 1)-BLRHT( I STS, 25

DBH2=BLICrr( ISTS.2)-ELICIT( I STS, 1) C CAT^CTZTIZS THE ANGLES SUBTENDING THE VIET7 FACTORS.

C

Al = ATAN(STyVII2)

A2=ATAN(S':(Vni)

A=(Hl+E2)/2

B= ( STD

C

C BLOCK LENGTH ASSUMED AS OPPOSING VIE¥ FACTOR SURFACE IS 6X BLOCK

C LENGTH

C

C=BLKLEN( ISTS)^':3. IF (DBHl.GE.G.) GO TO 10

A4= ATAN( DEH2/ ( . 5 ) ) A5=0.

10 IF (DBH2.GE.0. ) GO TO 20

A5= ATAN( DBHl/( PJA': . 5+SU) ) A4=0.

20 IF (DBH2.NE.0.) GO TO 00

A5 = 0.

A4=A5

C CALCUL^ITE THE VIE¥ FACTOF^ OF TEE ?L.^TSS TO GLE/Jl SIT/.

C

30 VFIIS( IST3, 1) = .5«( l-COS(Al) ) VFF^( ISTS.2) = .5^t( l-COS(A25)

V7T3(. IST3,G)=FP?( A.B,C)

IRFlS^ ISTS , 4) = . 3+ . 5-‘.:CGS( A4)

V7R3( ISTS , 5) = . 3+ . 5:.'.CC3( A3)

40 CONTINUE

C CALCULATE THE VIE¥ FACTORS OF THE SURFACE TO THE SUFJ’ACES

C IN TEE SURROUNDING ENVIRONIENT.

C

* BO 180 N=1,N2

IST3=FLGST(N)

ISTC=

1

IF (ISTS.EQ. 1.) ISTC=2

I = FLGSRF(N)

GO TO (50,60,70,50,60), I 30 117= 1 I¥0P=2

IR=4

IR0?=5

GO TO 80

60 I¥=2

!¥0P=

1

IR=5

IR0P=4

GO TO SO

70 I¥=l

I¥0P=2

IR=0

IR0P=0

30 EO? = BLICHT( I STS . I ¥0?

)

IF ( ELI:HT( ISTS , I¥0?) . LE. 0 . . ;HTD, FLGSRF( IT) . ITE. G . ) GO TO 170

IF (ELiHIT( ISTS, lire?) .LE.O. .AND. FLGSRFCT) .EQ.G. ) EC?=.G01

159
116

117

113

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

123

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

133

137

133

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

143

149

150

15 1 152

153

154

155

156

157

153

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

163

169

170

171

172

173

HAGnP=SIUrHi\G( N) +SHFHT( N) /2

IF ( 1-3) 90, 130, 140

C TEST IF SUFiFACE IS ¥ALL, STREET OP. ROOF.

C VIEW FACTOR FROM WALL SURFACE TO CLEAR SKY

90 A=EOP-HAGIIP

IF (A.LT.O.) A=0.

6=81171 ( I STS)

C=BLICLER( IS'I^)::-'G. IF (OVRITD(N) .Ea.O. ) GO TO 100

AO=SRFHT( N) /2

E0=0VRI7D( N)

C0=0VRLR(N)/2

VTOHRG= F?R( AO , BO , CO)

IVFEG1=

1

IVFEG2= ATARI BO/AO) / . 10472

C

C OVERHATTG VIEW FACTOR TO WINDOW CALCULATED IN ORDER TO DETEPJIIITE

C PORTION OF CLEAR SKY BLOCKED BY OVERHANG

C

I VFD( 5 , N, 1 ) = I\TEG2-r 1 GO TO 120

100 IVFD(5,N, 1)=

1

IF (A.EO.O.) GO TO 110

IVFD(5,N.2)=ATAN(B/A)/. 10472

GO TO 120

110 I\YDi5,rT.2)= 15

120 vT( 5 . N) = FPRf A, E , C) - vYOHNG

G VIEW FACTOR FROrl WALL SURFACE TO STREET.

A=H.4GrP

E=STW1( ISTS)

FS=FFR( A,E,C)

VF(3,N)=FS^''RFF( ISTS , 3) :!:VFRS( ISTS, 3)

IVFD(3,N, 1)=

1

IV7D( 3 , N, 2) = ATARI B/EAGHP) / . 10472+.

5

\TI4,N) =0.

G VIEW FACTOR FR5?I WALL SURFACE TO OTHER WALL SURFACES

FW= l-FS-VFIo.N)

VFI IWOP.N)=FW:;;VFRSI ISTS, IWOP):;:RFFI ISTS, IWOP)

I VFDI IWOP , N , 1 ) = 1+ I V7DI 5 , IT, 2)

IVFDI IW0P,N,2) = l+IvUDI 3,R,2)

C VIEW FACTOR FROM WALL SURFACE TO OPPOSITE ROOF

IVFD(4,N, 1)=0

IVFDI4,N,2)=0

IF ISRFHAGI N) .LT.EO?) GO TO ISO

A1=HAGMP-E0P

B1 = STT71I ISTS)

A2= A ^ E2=’bi+BLKLENI ISTC)

FR=F?RI A2,B2,C)-F?R( A1 ,B1.C)

T.TI4,N)=Frv.'=riFFI ISTS, IWOP) :.:\TR3I ISTS, IRO?)

IVFDI 4, N, 1)=ATANIB1/A1)/. 10472

IVFDI4,N,2)=ATAN(B2/A2)/. 10472

vTI IWOP,N) = IFW-FR)-VTRSI ISTS. IWOP)«RFFI iSTS, IWOP)

GO TO ISO

C CALCULATE VIEW FACTORS FOR STPHIET SURFACE

C

G SKY VIEW FACTOR.

130 A1 = BLKHTI ISTS, 1)

;• s

ri

160
N

to

O'O^

n

CO

\0N

to

O'O

ClO

-j' to

VCN

eg

O'O

Cl«

Tl<

(O

\0N

CO

ovO

Cl

C3

'I'

LOI V©N

CO

OnO

Cl«

rj<

10

vON

O

C^

G>

N

N

N

N

NN

CO

CO

CO

COCO

CO

COeg

03

CO

O'

O'

(O'

O'

O'

O'

C'

O'

O'

O'O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

01

CJ

ClCl

Cl

Cl

C5

CO

A2=BLKIIT( !STS,2)

Bi=sn7i( isT3)/2-s:^nAG(n)

B2=STW1 ( ISTS) /2+SRJHAG( ID C=BLI'jLEN( ISTS) -3

A=(Al+A2)«.o

Bxi=Armja(Bi,E2)

BX2=AMIN1(B1 ,E2)

FC2=rPP( A,BK1,G)

FC1 = FPP( A,BI22,G)

FCL= FC 1 + . 5:it ( FC2-FC 1

)

W(o,rT)=FCL

SK1 = ATAIT( Al/Bl)

SI22=ATAIT(A2/B2)

IWD(5,N, 1) = 15-SK1/. 10472

I\TD(o,N,2) = 15-5102/ . 10472

G WALL VIEW FACTORS

Ai = El

B1 = BLIGIT( ISTS, 1) A2=B2

B2=BLIST( ISTS, 2)

VF( 1 , IT) = PJT( ISTS , 1 ) A1 , B 1 . C) ^-;V7RS( ISTS , 1

)

VT( 2 , N) = FJ"F( ISTS , 2) :!-FPR( ii2 , B2 , C) :.>V7F,3( ISTS , 2)

IVFD( IW0P,IT, 1) = r77D(5,II, 1) + 1 \T’(4,N)=0.

VF(G,IT)=0.

IVFB( IWCP,IT,2) = I\TD^5,II,2) + 1 GO TO ISO

C CALCULATE VIEW FACTOF^S FOR ROOF ilPEPulTURES , COLLECTORS.

C

C SlCf VIEW FACTOR

140 DBB=E0P-BLK3TC ISTS. IW) IF (DH3.LZ.0.) EiIB=0.

SW=SRFHAG( ID +STW1 ( ISTS)

THETA= 1 . 570796-WALALT( R)

THETA 1 = WAL/iT( IT) TEETA2= - THETA 1 ALPEL\= AT.\IT( DHB/( STD ) ALPEA1= 1 . 57079-ALPHA

BETA= ATH’HA+THETA 1 VF( 5 , IT) = . 5+ . 5.'.:C0Sf BETA)

IF ( BETA. GT. 1.57079) VF( 5 , H) = . 3:.;( 1-C0S( 3. 14 159-BETA) ) IVFD(5,IT, 1) = 1 IVFD(5,IT,2)=ALPnA/. 10472+.5

C ROOF VIEW FACTOR

A=SFJ'HT( N) JCSNWALTC IT) /2

VF(4,N)=0.

VF(3,N)=0.

IF (A.EQ.O.) GO TO ISO

B=SRPHAG( IT) E1 = B-^STW1( ISTS)

FR=FSPR( THETA, A, B, G)

VFW=\TPS( ISTS, IW0?)/(VFFS( ISTS. IWO?) -i- VFESC ISTS, 3) ) VFS=VFRS( ISTS,.C)/< VFFS( ISTS, IW0P) + vTFS( ISTS. 3) ) VF(3,rD = (FSPR(THETA,A,Bl,G)-?R):;'.rurF( ISTS, I WO?) :.:VFW+?SF( ISTS, 3)

2;.-:Vr3VF( 4 , ID = F?.-;:VFFS ( ISTS , I ) :.':RFF( ISTS , I?.) IVFD(4,IT, 1)= 1 I VFD( 4 , IT , 2) = ( ATAIK 3/A) -THETA) / . 1 0472

161
232 C VIEW* FACTOR

233 W( IwGP,R)=0.

234 I\TD( IVOP,IT, 1)=0

235 IVFD( n-rop,ri, 2 ) =0

236 IF (DEB.LZ.O.) GO TO ISO

237 A=SV

233 E=DH3

239 R=DHE/SW

240 T=TAR(TEETA2)

241 IF (T.GE.-R-ARD.T.LE.R) GO TO 150

242 B1 = DEB

243 F¥1 = FSPP ( THETA2 , A, B , G

)

244 GO TO 160

245 150 B 1 = A^^TA^T ( THETA2

)

246 F¥1 = FSPR( THETA2 , A , B , C

)

247 160 AX= S¥-SRFHAG( ID /2

243 FX=FPR(AX,B1,C)

249 FPl 250 VFC I¥0? , ZD = ( F¥1-F¥X:?;FX) o^iRFFC IST3, I¥OP)

251 IVFDC I¥CP,IT, 1)=THETA1/. 10472

252 IVFIM I¥0P,N,2)=BETA^. 10472

253 GO TO ISO

254 170 \T( I¥0P,ID=0.

255 VF(3,ID = .3i'=RFF( IST3,3)

256 W(4.ID=0.

257 VT(5,ID = .5

233 rvTD-:5,IT, 1) = 1 259 I\TD(5,ri,2) = l5

250 IVFDC nrcp,iT,o) = i 261 I\TD( I¥G?,IT,2)=0

262 IWD(3,IT, 1) = 1 263 rvTD(3,IT,2) = 15

264 IVFD(4,rT, 1)=0

265 IVFD(4,R,2) =0

266 IF ( I.LT.3) GO- TO 130

267 VF(3,ID =0.

263 \T( 5 , ID = 1- . o^::( l-COSC ¥ALALT( ID )

)

269 \T(4.ID = 1-W(5,ID

270 ISO COITTIirDE

271 DO 190 11=1,112

272 190 cormixUE

273 RETUFJT

274 EIID
I IIIII8III

111119111

IIIIIQIII iiiimiii

IIIII7III 111110m

IIIII0III lll»0lll

IIIPI0III IIIK^III 11199111

IIIH0III

11199111

11190111

III90III

III00III

III89III

III00III

11103111 1110^111

ll!09lll ;MOIIIf05n

iqQ»Fn]m0!mP9 AG»3 Miiitiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiiimiiiim!iiiiimii!iiiimimiiiim!iiiiii

1 1 ICI I9TW0T9OKI I I ITOI I WfPPWTl lOf! ! 9WTreBBE9i;EqT909l IPBOMi IP9F7P5I! 1 1 1 1 1 1

1

1 1 131 10A9WI 1 991 iSIT^EBTI ICMYOWSI IMPI IFBOW IOy?0HA908l IMPI IREIllECTQBgi 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i ! 1 1 ! 1 1 i

1

1

mi

!I3II H3II

nail mil

1311

1311

1311

III

iiiiiiiimiiiiiiiliiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmmmmmmmmmmmmmmimii

I

I

lff^r7*rTn*9mfTfr“fTfTrrrrrTf7 frfT*rT9r*fTvrff rrrrT*T?TrT1^^

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii-iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'niiiiiiiiiiiiiim'Mmmiimimmmmmmmmmmm iiiPTmqtriotfiivFPiiBiSTSuiTMtToypiHiiiiimmimmimmmmmmimmmimmmmmmmmiMmii

iiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmmmmmmmimmmmm

I I I

I I

I

***W**ff***ff *n?vTW^tTT^ iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmmmiimmimimmmmmiimmimim iii3OMMQ9imBXKiifwwn0U93U0U0wuPFiwiq9Qy0>iu0P9i:i3y9miiiimiiiiii!mmiiimm'm'imm

((i3OM»O9imv?miiV9Pfl0ysy9wyw9OB7U93^uyjWR9W90mmmmmimm;!!mmmimmiimmi

iiiV99t79?»tw9B98Tsy90?ii«tw9Wi98TOU9oyg?i!!iiiiiiiiiiiii!!iiiiiiiiiiiiiimmmii!'mmmimmmm

iiiPon93iiati9U9ii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiimiiiiii!iiiiiiii!mmim!iimmm:!im iiiiiiiiiii99iifiaH0fty9HQiii44HEciyNwojwtfHB0UTOwii33iiTO:ii0(immmm !iimmmimm;iriii'

miimmvirFHW99miw9fi98irsy9O>i«V9RB9STsy9Qya>iraPB99ir0ya,is»ii»fB9PB:isTsya

I0miiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiimmmmmmimmmmiimm:.imm iiiiiiiiiiippimpiiSHiy^iiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimmimmmimimmmmii

99iiBKyEQy9HOiWK!.i00y9HORususft-i9Oi)iii3oiiiro:!:i0iiiiiiiiiniii!iiiiiiiiii!i!i!;ii!i;;mii

imvifrfiviFiHFiJtiwwBSSTTsywQyKwi^vsBfiJSTrsyjyK^is^Rflawi^vPRBisTsyjp^swtJfWFB

i 390T0 yiPiiiiiiiiiiiji!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;iiiiiii!iiiimmmimmmmmmmmmmimmmmm

iiiiiiiiii!309T9ifpi5m;iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'Hiiiiiiiiiii!iiimmmmmmm:mm

iiiPETPimiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimm nmmmmiimmm

iiis9P::iiiiiiiii!iiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim!iimm:mmiim'mimmmmmmmiiiimm

iiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiii!!iiiiii;i!iiiiiiiiii'!iimmmimmmiimm:mi

• • " " • • ” * • • • • • " • • » ' • • 1 1

1

M M I M m j 1

1

Ml m 1 1

1

» III 1

1

m , 1 1 1 1 1

1

m 1

1

II 1

1

M i m M III » m m m 1

1

M M ' » r M I ; . . u • t

ill

im

ill! !ii|

iii! m.m

'i'ii :i.M

:iiii iimi imm

I 163
STJTTAC’P:^S0LITE2( 1) .DAYHAC(O)

1 COMPILER (DIAG=

4

o

6

7

8

9

10

1112

13

14

C

c

c

c

c

c

SUBROUTINE DAYKAC ( RLATD, RLONG, TZN, MON, IDYOYR, F.LGURE, FLGOUT, ITER)

COMION /TfKD/ I YRDAC 12) , WKDY( 12,31), HLDY( 12,31)

INTEGER DAY, HLDY, I'?KDY, HOL

COmiON /POS/ SOLAZC 24) , SOLALTC 24) , SOLFACC 5) , COS INC( 24) , DIRGS2( 24) , 2 DIRCS3(24) ,DN0RAD(24) , ISRT, ISST

COIEION /DAI»I/ DA?n)BT,DAINVBT,DAIRrSP,DAMCCT,DAMTOC,DAMRDR,DAMRDF,

2 DAI-IRDT , DAIR.DR, DAPEL4}!, DAMMIN

15

16

17

13

19

20

COrriON /Iv-HT/ BBT( 24) , D?T( 24) , \IBT( 24) , W5?( 24) , B?R( 24) , ^T)R( 24) , 2 YY(24)

COI-EION /CLD/ CCT(24) ,T0C(24)

COr-EION /SOL/ KDR(24) ,RD?(24) ,RDT(24)

COIEION /MNM/ MNMDBTI 12) , MNIRfETC 12) ,I'ETrnvS?( 12) , MNT'CGTC 12) , 2 rEli-rrOCl 12 ) ,rEnRvDR( 12> ,I'E1MRDR( 12 ) ,rElrI?J)F( 12) ,MN?IRDT( 12) , ?aT2L4M( 12)

21

22

23

24

25

3,MNI-miN( 12)

REAL lEU'IDBT, lETIRBT. MTirN-TSP , PEUICCT, UNrlTOG , r®rIivT}R, lEIMBDR, lETIIREF

,

2 I-EIT'IRDT,rETrEL^'I,MNrEIIN

COIDION /CON/ TEMPI .TEJIP2, WIND, POIVER, AREA, RLN, ENERGY, SEAT, PcLNZ

DAMDBT=0.

IiINDBT= 150.

ri4JIDBT=-lG0.

29

30

31

32

33

O

35

36

37

33

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

43

49

50

5 1 52

53

54

55

56

57

DAMlt'BT=0.

DAIICCT=0.

DAIIRDR=0.

DAII?J)F=0.

DAM?J)7=0.

DAIN/SP=0.

DAI'iitDR^G'

.

BEAD ( 3) DBT, DPT, l-.TT, VfS? , BPR, CCT, TOC , viDR, RDT, RDPc, lYEAR,

2C

"*DAY= IDYOYR- IYRDA( MON)

IF (I TER. EO. 1 ) NNDAY= IVEDAYC I YEL'Jl, MON , DAY)

I F ( I TER. HE . 1 ) NNDAY= NNDAY+

1

IF (HNDAY.EQ.S) NNDAY=

1

WI<IDY( I YEAR, DAY) = NNDAY

G

C DETERMINES DAYLIGST SAVINGS TIME INDICATOR.

CALL DST ( IYEAR,NON,DAY, IDSTX, ID3TY,NNDAY)

C

C DETERMINES IF DAY IS L HOLIDAY.

CALL EOLDAY ( lYE.AR, MON, DAY, NNDAY, EOL)

HLDY( MON , DAY) = EOL

IBST=0

TrT HiON,

IF (M0N.LT.4) IDST=1 ' IF (MON.GT. 10) IDST=1

I F ( MON . EQ. 1 0 . AND . DAY. GT. I DSTY) I L ST=

1

IF (M0N.E0.4. AND.DAY.lt. I LSTID IBST= 1 C

C DETEPEIINES TEE SOLAR RADIATION AND SOLjAR PCSITION FOR

C SHADING CALCULATIONS

CALL SUNPOS (FiLATD,RLONG,TZN, IDYOYR, I DST)

IDAY,

1
53

59

60

61

62

63

64

63

66

67

63

69

70

71

72

73

74

73

76

77

7G

79

£D

31

82

33

34

33

33

37

33

39

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

103

106

10?

103

109

1 10

cC CALLS SUEROUTIIIE THAT IIOHIFIES RADIATION BASED ON

C URBAN EliPIRICAL DATA

IF (FLGUFlB.EQ. 1. ) CALL URBAN

C

C CALCULATES DAILY TOTALS FOR T^EATHER V/kRIABLES

BO 10 IH=1,24

RDF( IH)=RDT( IH)-RDR( IH)

DBT( I3)=DBT( IH) S:TE?IP 1+TEIIP2

DPT( IE)=DPT( IH)«TE?I?1+TEIIP2

1yBT( IE)=TiBT( IH)«TEIIP1+TEIIP2

¥SP( IH)=WSP( iH)>f:WIND

DNORAD( IH)=DNORAD( im^POUHR

RDR( IH) =RDR( IE) wPOIvER

RDF( IE)=RDF( IH)*^POTrER

PJ)T( IH)=KDT( IH):::POIvER

IIINDBT=HIN(DBT( IH) ,HINDBT)

rLAXD3T=IL\X(DBT( IE) , ILAJIDBT)

DAIE)3T= DBT( I E) +DAND3T

DAIRiDT^UETl IE)+DAIRvl5T

DAIRt’SP= ns?

(

I H) +DAir!ySP

DAI'ICCT=CCT( IE)+DAIICCT

DArrrcc=Toc( iH)+DAirroc

DAIIRDT= PJ)T( IE)+DAI'IRDT

DAIIRDR=RDR( IH)+DAi''EU)R

DAIIT.DF=PcDF( IH)-rDAriRDF

DAIFT'R=U'BR( IE) ^DAnv.TR

10 CCNTIITUE

C

C C.U.CULATE IIONTELY vvEATEER BATA IIZANS

DAiri4X=IL'JE)BT

DAIEniT=HirTDBT

IF (FLGOuT.Ea. 1 .OR.FLGOUT.Za.3. ) vNlITE (9) D3T, DPT, IfDT, I'JS?, BPR, CCT

2,T0C,'J-/rR.RDT,rj)R, I YEAR. HON, DAY, IC

IINTEIirK I-ION) =HIIT( DAJiHIN, UNIEIIIK IION) ) HNZBIAEC HON) = HAIR DAIEIAX. nUIDlAIK IIOIT) ) lETIIDBTl nON) =DAIIDBT-:-r'INIDBT( HON)

nrTITi'BTC IH) =baiet;tkintrot( IIOIT) I-ECErSPl EDIT) =DAIErSPH-r'E7IErSP( nON)

iiNiirocc EDIT) =DiE-rroc-HrETTrrcc( iion)

lETECCTC IIOIT) =DAIICCT-IETIICGT( IION)

!ET:I?uDT( EON) =DA?HU)T+IINrI?J:T( IION)

IBTEFLRC EON) = DAIETDR+rETIIRDRC IION)

riNIINDF( IION) =DAHRDF+IETHRDF( IION)

DAIIDBT= DAIIDBT/24

.

DAIZ'PT= Di'J:iDPT/24

.

DAIF-ET= DAir;vBT/24

.

DAZF'rSP=DAHES?/24

DAI'Z<DR=DA1EU)R

DAinDF=DAI'I?J}F

DAIZJ)T=DAI21DT

rZTURN

END

165
STmAC'PSS0LITE2( 1) .STJTT?CS(0)

COI'IPILER (DIAG=S)

SUBROTJTirTE TO CALCULATE SOLAR PCS IT I OR AITD SOLIIET PROVIDED RADIATION DATA.INTENSITY FOR CLOUD FJilLATED

*5*^•*»v-**‘ y *4* ^ %V ^ \i» •.*- V*^ v#

'

9

10

1112

13

14

lo

16

17

13

19

20

21

22

23

24

23

26

•>7 23

29

30

O 1 \J i. 32

33

r> -1 or? Go

36

37

33

39

40

41

42

43

44

43

46

47

43

49

oO

31

32

33

54

33

36

57

C

cc

G

c

c

c

cc

c

cc

Gc

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Gc

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

SUBROUTI NE SUNFOS ( RLATD , RLONG, TZN , I DYOYR, I DST)

DIIIENSION A0(5) ,A1(5) , A2(5) ,A3(3) ,B1(3) ,B2(5) ,B3(5) ,DNRAD(24)

DATA AO /. 302, -.0002, 363. 44, . 1717,0.0903/ ,A1 /-22 . 93 , . 4 197, 24

.

2 -.0344,-. 0410/ ,A2 /- . 229 , -3 . 2265 . - 1 . 14 , . 0032, . 0073/ , A3 /-.24

3 -.0903,-1 .09, .0024, .0015/ ,E1 /3 . S3 1

, -7 . 33 1 , . 58, - . 0043, - . 0034/

4 ,E2 /. 002, -9. 3912,-. 13,0. ,0.0004/ , B3 /- . 053 , - . 336 1 , . 23, - . 0303,

o — . 0006/

COICION /LATITU/ CSLATD , SNLATD , TNLATD

CONEON /SOL/ RDR(24) ,RDF(24) ,RDT(24)

COI'EION /FOS/ S0LAZ(24) ,S0LALT(24) ,SOLFAC(5) ,C0SIKG(24) ,DIRG32(24) , 2 DIRCS3(24) ,DN0RAD(24) , ISRT, IS3T

REAL HERID. LORD

RLATD= LAT I TUDE , DEGREES ( + NGRTn , - SOUTH)

RL0NG= Li-’NG I TUDE , DEGREES ( +T»EsT, — S.^T)

TZN= THE ZONE NEEER

STANDARD THE DAYLIGHT SAVING THE

ATLANTIC 4

EASTERN 5

CENTRAL 6

KOUNTAIIT 7

PACIFIC S

6

7

IDY0YR= DAYS(FROH START OF YEAR)

IHR= THE. HOUR. AFTER MIDNIGHT)

CLEARN= CLHARJESS NUIEER

ISRT=SUN RISE THE ( HOuTvS AFTER IIIDNIGHT)

rSST=SEI SET THE

C0SINC=C0S(Z)

DIRCS2=C0S(N)

DIRCS3=C0S(S)

DIRECTION CCS TIES

DIRECTION COSHES

DIRECTION COSINES)

GAIHIA=GAIEL4

SALT= SOLAR ALTITUDE ANGLE

DN0EAD= DIRECT NCRTLAL E4DIATI0N

RDT( IHR) =T0TAL SOL.IR RADIATION INTENSITY

RDF( I HR) = DIFFUSE SKY RADIATION INTENSITY

RDR( I HR) = INTENSITY OF DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION ON SURF.AGE

SOLDEC=SUN DECLINATION ANGLE , DEGREES

E0THT= EQUATION OF THE , E0UF5

SOLEACC 1) =SUN DECLINATION ANGLE, . HOURS

S0LRACC2) =E2UATieN C? THE, HOURS.

S0LFACC3)=A SOLAR FACTOR

SCLFAC(4)=B SOLAR FACTOR

SOLEACC 5) =C SOLAR FACTOR

riORAiTo— HOUR AilGLE , DECREE

PI=G. 1413927

ISST=0

DO 10 IH=1,24

RDRC IE)=0.

lO

CO
33 KDF( IH)=0.

59 10 CONTIirCE

60 X=2':^p 1/366 . IDYOYR

61 C1=COS(JO

62 S1 = SIIT(X)

63 S2= 2 . i:;'-C 1 64 C2=Cl:;:Ci-Sl-';:Sl

6o C3=C15SC2-SU'=S2

66 S3=C15;:S2-^SU"C2

67 DO 20 K=l,5

63 SOLFACl lO = A0( K) +A1 ( K) »-.C 1+A2( ID i:;C2+A0( K) -.SCS+B 1 ( K) s.'^S 1+B2( K)

69 23(K)«S3

70 20 CONTimJE

71 EOTHR=SOLFAC( 2) /60

.

72 SOLCEC=SGLFAC( 1) 73 riEiiiD= i3:;:'i:z:t 74 LOITX = BLCIiG- lEBI

D

73 RACDEC= SOLDEC:;^P 1/180.

76 CSI)EC=COS(RAB!)EC)

77 Srn)EC= S I IK RATBEC)

73 TNBEC= SNBEC/CSBEC

79 I5l?C3= -TiTDSC;.-'THLATD

GO BEGHPJ’= 180 . :;:ACGS( ilBPOS) /P

I

G1 ABSDE?= AES( DEC-ETJ’)

82 DO 90 IEB=2,24

33 IiriAr'G= 15:.:( IER-I2+TZB+E0TEIl+II)3T)-EL0ITG

34 CSEBA= CCS ( 1/180.)

83 CCS I IE=SITLATB:;:SriBEG-rCSLATD:;:CSBZG;::CSZBA

33 AESIL'JT= AB3( ET^^JIG)

37 IF ( ABSDIP-AESIL^jn £0,30,30

33 30 D IRCS2 ( I ETC = CSBECWS I N( EPATIG:;:? I / 1 SO . ) 89 STEST=SQ31T( 1 .-CGSI IDl.-COSI IH-DIRCS2C lER) :.-:DIP.C32( IHR) ) 90 STEST1 = CSERA-TITDEC/TNLATD

91 IF (STESTl) 30,40,40

92 40 DIRCSGC I HR) = STEST

93 GO TO 60

94 C

93 30 DIRGSSl inR)=-STEST

96 60 SGLALTl I HR) = AS I IK COS 1 1 H)

97 IF (SOLALTC lER) .GT.O. ) IT= lER

93 SOLAZC inR)=ASIIKDIRCS2( IIHl) /CCS( SOL.-\LTI IHR) )

)

99 IF (DIRCS3( lER) .LT.O. ) SCLiEZC IHR) =? I-SOLAZ( IHR)

100 I F ( SOLAZ ( I HPc) . LT . 0 . 0 ) S0L.-1Z ( I HR) = 2:I:P I + SOLAZ( I HR)

101 DIIRAI)( IHR) = ( SOLFAGl C) «EXF( -SOLEACC 4) /COS I IH) ) 102 SOLALD= SOLALTC lER) 130. /P I 103 SOLAZD= S OLAZ C I HR) 1 30 . /P

I

104 IF (COSIIH) 70,70,30

105 70 cosiin=o.

106 CO IH=IER-1

107 IF ( rilRABC IHR) . GT. 0 . . AITD. BITR-IBC IH) . LE. 0 . ) ISRT= IHR

103 IF ( BITRADC IHR) . LE. G. . AND. BIIRADC IH) .GT.O.) IS5T= IE

109 COSINCC IIIR)=COSI IH

1 10 RDR( IHR) =DNCR.'H)( IHR) ^"COS I IH

111 RDF( IHH)=?J)T( IHR)-RBR( lEIl)

1 12 IF ( ISST.IJE.O. ) GO TO lOG

1 13 90 coimirdE

1 14 100 FETCRII

113 c

1 16

117

167

EITD
SUITACT.-^

3

4

3

6

7

8

9

10

1112

13

14

13

16

17

13

19

20

o <

24

23

29

30

31oo

33

34

33

36

37

33

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

SOLITEK 1) .DAYC(O)

COIIPILER (DIAG=3)

SUBROUTINE TO REi\D l^ATHER FILE AND C-\LL SOLAR INTENSITY

SUBROUTINE. CALCULATES DAILY AND HONTHLY AVERAGES

LEATHER DATA.

SUBROUTINE DAYC ( RLATD, RLONG, TZN, HON, IDYOYR, lYEAR, FLGURB, FLGOUT, P,

2 Q,R, ITER)

C

G

COrUION / TvKD/ I iTU)A( 12), T>10)Y( 12,31), ELDY( 12,31)

COrUION /PCS/ S0LAZ(24) ,S0LALT(24) ,SOLFAC(5) ,C0SINC(24) ,DIRCS2(24)

,

2 DIRCS3(24) ,DN0RAD(24) , ISRT, ISST

COrUION /LAH/ DAIIDBT , DMRyET, DAMvyS? , DAHCCT, DAICTOC , DAI'IFJ)R, DA^IRBF

,

2 DAII?J)T, DArRyTiR, DA'E'IAX, DATirilN

COIEION /1,HT/ DBT( 24) , DPT( 24) , WBT( 24) , ESP ( 24) , BPR( 24) , IvDRC 24) , 2 YYC24)

INTEGER DAY, MKDY, HLDY, HOL

COIE'ON /CLD/ CCT(24) ,T0C(24)

COrEION /SOL/ FDR( 24 ) , RDE ( 24 ) , KDT( 24

)

COIDIGN /lETH/ lETIIDBTC 12) , ?Enr,rDT( 12) ,rETIII-3?( 12) . lET'IGGTl 12) , 2 lETIITGCC 12) .-'nirSyDRC 12) , :EEIPJ)R( 12) .lEEIRDFC 12) , IEIi)I?J)T( 12) ,IET:ELAIN 12)

3,rETIRIIN( 12)

REAL riNI-IDBT, lEIINTET , rETTRv'SP , HNECCT, I'ERirCC , rEERyDR, JEEfllDR, lEUIRD?

,

2 rCTIlRDT , lETmiAT. MTIEl I

N

COr-EION /CON/ TEHP 1 , TEri?2 , WIND, POTVER, AREA, FuLIT, ENERGY, BEAT, RLNZ

DAI’ID3T=0. . HAiXBT=-100.

HINDBT=150.

DAIBiBT=0.

DAriPJ)R=0.

DAIIIlDF=0.

DAIIRDT=0.

DAiT,vSP=0.

DAiriiDR= 0

.

READ ( 8) DBT, DPT, NET, ¥S? , BPR, CGT, TOG , NTR, YY, I YEAR, IKON, IDAY, IC

BAY= IDYOYR- I YPJ)A( HON)

IF ( 1 . EO. I TER) NTIDAY= NTCDAYl I YEAR, 1‘ION , DAY)

IF ( 1 . NE . I TER) NirDAY= NNDAY+

1

IF ( rniDAY. EQ. 3) NNDAY= 1 C

C DETER?I!NE TYPE OF DAY FOR CALCULATION OF OCCUPANT HEAT GAINS

43

49

50

3 1 32

53

54

55

56

N1CDY( HON, DAY) =ITNDAY

CALL DST ( IYEAR,HON,DAY, IDSTX, ID3TLMTNDAY)

CALL EOLDAY ( HTAR, HON, DAY, NNDAY, SOL)

ELDY( HON . DAY) = KOL

IDST=

1

IF (H0N.LT.4) IDST=0

i F ( HON . GT . 1 0 ) I DST= 0

I F ( HON . EQ. 1 0 . i\ND . DAY. GT. I DSTY) I DST= 0

IF ( HON. EG. 4. AND.DAY.lt. IBSTID IDST=0

I6S
33

59

60

61

62

63

64

63

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

73

79

30

81

32

83

54

35

35

37

Go

39

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

93

99

100

101

102

103

104

]G5

106

107

J03

109

1 10

1 1

1

1 12

1 13

C STTBROUTIITE TO DETERMINE SOLAR POSITION AND P^JIIATION INTENSITY

C DEPENDENT ON CLOUD GOITER USING ASHRAE SOL.?Jl CLEAR DAY

C ALGORITNM AND TEE KIirJRA STEPEENSON CLOUD DATA ALGOPMTHM

CALL SUIT ( RLATD , RLGNG . TZN , I DYOYR, MON , I DST , P , (i, R) IE (FLGUF^.EO. 1. ) GALL URBAN

C

C DAILY TOTAL VALUES CALCUALTED FOR IvEATEER VARIABLES

BO 10 IH=1,24

IlINr3T=MIH(DBT( IE) ,MINDBT)

IL4MDBT=MAK(DBT( IE) . MAXDBT)

DAMDET=DBT( IB)+DAr'D3T

DAPR/BT= lvBT( I B) +DArRrBT

DAM¥SP=WSP( IBl+DArRv’-SP

DAMRDT= RDT( I B) + DAIHIDT

DAMCGT=CGT( IB)+DAIICCT

DAI’rrOC=TCC( iei+daiitog

DAMRDR= PU)R( IE) +DAPIRrR

DAIIRDF=RDF( IHI+DAIEIDF

DArrn)R=ly'DR( in)+DAIErDR

IF (FLGOUT.ITE. 1. .AND.FLG0DT.NE.3. ) GO TO 10

DBT( IE)=DBT( IH) -TEM? 1+7E:I?2

B?T( IH)=BPT( in):::TE:Pi+7EII?2

ITBTC IH)=TrBT( IE) :;iTE:Pl+TE:p2

VS?( IE)=USP( IS)-UIND

DNOPlAD( IH)=DN0RAD( IE):kPO^?SR

RDR( IE)=RDR< in)«POviER

RlA-’ ( IH) =NDF( IE; -POUER

RDT( IH)=RDT( IH) ••;:PO',ER. 10 CONTINUE

DAIEL4X=MAXDBT:.-:TErP :+TE:P2

DAIEII N= MI NDBT-.'-TEi'P 1 -r TEIP2

IP (FLGOUT.EQ. 1.0R,FLG0LT.EQ.3.) imiTE (9) D3T, DPT, ITET, liSP, BPR, CCT

2 , TOC . UDR, EDT, RDR, I YEAR. MON, DAY, IG

DAIIDBT= D.'lMDBT/24 . -TEIP 1 +TEIP2

DAIIDPT=DAMD?T.'24 . «TE:P 1+TEIP2

DAir.'BT=D>ENTBT/24 . :.-:TE:P lr-TZ:P2

DAZPrSP= DAIIVSP/24 . -cUIND

DAIPDR= DATEDR-PGITER

DAIEIDF= DATPDF-POlvER

DATEDT= DAMRI'T^-'-POTvER DATICCT= DAIICCT/ ( I SST- ISRT+ 1

)

DAITTOC=DAJ'rrCG/( ISST- I5RT+ 1 ) C

C AVERAGE MONTHLY MEANS CALCULATED

MNIEIINl MON) =MIIT( DAIDIIN.TDTMMINl IION) ) inTTElAXC MON) =MAET( D/uDLLM, IETIELA;I( IION) ) rETMDBTC IION) =DAMDBT+rETI'DET( MON)

MNMUETC HON) =DAIPvBT+I-rUN.T;T( MON)

rEITPrSPl MON) =DATPTS?-METI-E'S?( MON)

TETinOCC MON) = DAUTOC+r-ETTnCGC MON)

IETMCCT( MON) =DAMCGT+r'EEICCT( MON)

MNIEIDTC MON) =DAIIRDT+MNTPJ)T( IION)

I'0:nr-R( MON) =DAIPJ)R-rIEIIPJ)R( MOIT)

IZEPDFC MON) =DAITRDF+rETI-ru:F( MON)

PJilT'JPJT END

169
SiriTAC'r:JSCLITE2(

12 C

3 C

4 C

5 C

6 C

7 C

3 C

9 C

10 C

1

1

12 C

13 C

14 C

lo

16

17

IS

19

20

21

22

23

24

2o

23

OT r

29

30

31

32

o -o G4

35

35

37

33

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

43

49

50

5 1 52

53

54

53

56

57

C

C

c

c

c

c

c

cc

c

c

c

G

G

C

c

G

C

c

c

c

c

G

C

C

Cc

c

c

G

1) .SUTKO)

COrlPILEIl (DIAG=3)

SUBROUTINE TO DETERIIINE CLOUDLESS AND CLOUDY SKY RADIATION

ON EORIZONTAL SURFACE, FROH NESLD SUN SDEROUTINE

USING KIHURA/STEPIiENSON MODIFIED CLOUD MODIFIER

SUBROUTINE SUN (RLATD,RLONG,TZN, IDYOYR.MON, ID3T,P,Q,R)

^ ^ ^ ^«Js^ ^«v•

DIMENSION A0(5) ,A1(5) ,A2(5) ,A3(5) ,B1(5) ,B2(5) ,B3(5)

DATA AO /. 302, -.0002, 358. 44, . 1717.0.0903/ ,A1 /-22 . 93 , . 4 197 , 24 . 52,

2 -.0344, -.0410/ ,A2 /- . 229 , -3 . 2265 , - 1 . 14 , . 0032 , . 0073/ , A3 /-.243,

3 -.0903,-1.09, .0024, .9015/ ,B1 /3 . 85 1

, -7 . S3 1 , . 58, - . 0043 , - . 0034/

4 ,B2 /. 002, -9. 3912,-. 18,0. ,0.0004/ ,B3 /- . 055 , - . 336 1 , . 28, - . 0003,

5 -.0006/

COI'EION /LATITU/ CSLATD, SNLATD, T:n:.ATB CCMTION /?0S/ S0LAZC24) ,S0LALT(24) ,SOLFAG(5) ,C0SINCC24; ,DIRGS2(24) , 2 DIRCS3(24) , Di'TORADC 24) , ISRT, ISST

COMMON /SOL/ RDRC24) ,RDF(24) ,RDT(24)

COIEiOIT /CLD/ CCT(24) ,T0C(24)

FJMIL MERID.LOITD

RLA'rD= LATITUTB , DEGREES.' +ITORTR, -SCUTE)

RLONG= LONG I TUBE . DEGFRES ( + UZST . - EAST)

TZN= TIME ZONE NUTIEER

STANDARD TIME DAYLIGET SAVING TIME

ATLANTIC 4 3

EASTERN . 5 4

CE-^TRAL 6 o MOUNTAIN 7 5 PACIFIC 8 7

IDE'OYR= DAYS(FROH START OF YEAR)

mR= TIME, HOUR AFTER MIDNIGHT)

GLEARN= CLEARNESS NUT-IEER ISRT=SUN RISE TIMS (HOURS AFTER MIDNIGHT)

IST=SUIT SET THE

CCSINC=COS(Z) DIRECTION COSINES

DIRCS2=C0S(N) DIRECTION COSINES

DIRCS3( IER)=COS(S) DIRECTION COSINES)

GAI'Em=GAIHLA

SALT= SOLAR ALTITUDE ANGLE

DNORAD=DIPiECT N0PGL4L FuADIATION

RDT( I HR) = TOTAL SOLilR RAD I AT I ON I NTENS I TY

PJ)F( IHR) = DIFFUSE SKY PuADIATION INTENSITY

RDR( I HR) = INTENSITY OF DIRECT SOLAR FxADIATION ON SUTEA'CE

SOLDEC=SUN DECLINATION ANGLE . DEGREES

EOTHR=EaUATION OF TIME . HOimS

SOLFACC 1) =SUN DECLINATION ANGLE. HOURS

S0LFAC(2)=EGUATI0N OF THE, HOURS.

SOLFAC(G)=A SOLOHl FACTOR

S0LFAC(4)=B SOLAR FACTOR

SOLFAC(o)=C SOLAR FACTO?.

EORANG= HOUR ANGLE, DEGREE

170
39

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

63

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

73

79

30

31

32

G3

3*^ 33

36

37

Go

39

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

93

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

103

109

no

111

1 12

1 13

1 14

115

DATA ?I /3. 1415927/

DO iO IH=1,24

RDR( IH)=0.

KDT( IH) = 0.

HDF( IH) =0.

10 CONTINUE

C

c

C BEGIN SOLAR POSITION CALCULATION

ISST=0

X=2«P 1/366 . « IDYOYR

C1=C0S(JD

Sl = SINOD

S2=2 .^'jS1«C1

C2=C1:.’JC1-S1^S1

CS=Cn’;G2-Sl:.:S2

S3= C 1 JHS2+S 1:.'C2 C

C CALCULATE SOLFAC COEFFICIENTS FOR DECLINATION AND INTENSITY BASED

C ASHPAE PPXCZDUEES

.

DO 20 K=l,5

SOLFAC ( K) = AO ( ID +A1 ( K) 1+A2( ID :.'jC 2+A3( ID *C3+N i ( ID :.'S l+£2( TJ ^'S2+B

2S(ID:ftS3

20 CONTINUE

ECTER=SOLFAC( 2) /60.

SOLDEC= SOLFAC ( 1) IIERID= 15-TZN

L0:N3= FiONG- I-IZR I

D

RADDEC= SOLI'EC:;:? I / 130

.

SNDEC=SIN(?ADFEC)

CSDZC=COS( FAIDEC)

HRFCS= -SITDEC/CSDEC*-;:TNLATD

DEGI3RP= 1 30 . :.A4C0S ( HRPOS ) /P I AESDHP= AES( DEGHR?

)

C

C FOR EVET.Y nOUR CALCUL.4TE POSITION AND IITTENSITY

DO 1^0 I HH~ 2 24* nRANG= isi? IHR- 12+TZN+EOTSR- ID3T) -RLONG

GSiLLi” COS\ 111 lAi'i G'**P J.-'' *c;0 •

)

CCS I IE=SITLATD‘.'-SND£C‘^*CSLATD^>CSDEC-'i’'C3nRA

AESn.4N= AES ( HRANG)

IF ( AJBSDHP-ABSE/JT) 100,30,30

SO D IPi2 IH= CSDEC:;<S IN( EPu^NG.':? 1/ 130 .

)

STEST=SQRT( 1 . -CCSI IIT;:G03I IH-DTK2in-.''.DIPJ:iE)

STE3T1 = CSHRA-SNDEC/GSDEC/TNLATD

IF (STESTl) 50,40,40

40 DIRCS3( inrJ=STEST

GO TO 60

50 DIRCS3( IHR)=-STEST

60 SCLAIH=ASIrI(CGSI IH)

S OLE I n= AS I I'T I D I N2 1 E^C OS ( SCLA I N) ) IF (DinC3S( lER) .LT.O. ) SCLZIN=P I-30LZIH

IF (SOLZin.LT.0.0) £0LZin=2:::?i+S0LZin

c

G DIPJICT NCrClAL BAD I AT I ON CALCULATED IN BTU/H FT2

DNOIER= ( SCLFACC 3) •..:EIE’( -SOLFACI 4) /CCS 1 13) ) PDF IHR=SCLFAC( 5 ) ;::Di:0 IHR

FJ)RIER= Di:0 IHrv.;CCS ! IH

171
116

117 70

1 13

1 19 80

120 C

121 C

122

123

124

125 c

126 c 127 c 12S c

129

130

131 G

132

133 c 134 c

135

136 c 137 c

133

159

140 c

141 c 142

143

144

145 90

146

147

143

149

150

15 1 152

153

134 100

135

156

157 1 10

133 120

159 c

160

IF (COSIIH) 70,70,80

C9SIIH=0.

PJ)RIHR=0.

RI)TIER= RDRIER+RDF IHH

CC= TEE CLOUD COVER. (NOTE THAT CIRRUS IS COUTITED ORLY

AS HALF THE CLOUD COVER)

CC=CCT( IHR)

IF (TOC( IHR) .EO.0.0) CC=0.3:;jCG

CII= P+a^i^C C+R5:-'C P= CLOUDLESS SKY FACTOR SHOI/TT IN TABLE A-6 IN THE CGF ROUTINE

S0LFAC(5)=STANDAPJ) DIFFUSE SI~f FACTOR

CC= CLOUD COVER GALCUXATED IN THE CLOUD COVER CALCULATION

CfI=CLOUD COVER FACTOR DETERMINED BY THE CLOUD COVER CALCULATION

FACSLT=0 . 309-0 . 137SjC 0S I IH+0 . 394:.':C0S I I&'J:;.-2 EHPCST=COS I IH/( SOLEAC ( 5) +COS I IH) +( ?- 1) /( l-FACSLT)

DIRECT RADIATION ON A HORIZONTAL SURFACE UNDER A CLOUDY SKY.

RDRIHR=RDTIHRE.EIIPCST^-< i-CC/10.

)

R.4DDIF= DIFFUSE R.ADIATION ON A HORIZONTAL SURFACE UNDER A

CLOUDLESS SKY

RADDIF=RDFIER

DIFFUSE RADIATION UPON A HORIZONTAL SURFACE UNDER A CLOUDY

SKY

RDFIHR=PJ)TIER^^( Cri-EIjPCST;;.'( 1 . -CC/IG) ) IF (RDFIER.LE.RADDIF) RDF I HR= RADD I

F

TOTAL RADIATION UPON A SURFACE UNDER A CLOUDY

SKY

IF (CC.NE.O.) GO TO 90

FJ)RIER= DNG IHR'-CCS I IE

FJ)FIER=FvADDIF

RDT( I HR) = RDRI HR-^ RDF I HR

IF (FO)T( lER) .LT.O. ) RDT( IHR) =0.

RDR( :hr)=rdrihr

RDF ( IHR) = PDF I HR

SOLAZI IHR)=SOLZIH

SOLALT( IHR)=SOLiUH

DIRCS2( IHR)=DIF^IH

DNORAD( I HR) = DNO I HR

COSINCC IHR) =COSI in

IF ( FDT( lER) . GT. 0 . . AND. FDT( IHR- 1 ) . LE. 0 . ) IS?.T= IHR. IF (RDT( IHR) .LE.O. . AND.RDTI IHR-1) .GT.O. ) IS3T=IHR-1

IF (iSST.NE.O) GO TO 120

CONTINUE

RETURN

END

172
STJ1TACT:SS0LIT£2( 1) . TyIO)AY( 0) . 1 FUNCTION UKDAY (YR,nO,DAY)

2 C

3 C

4 C

5 c lfIO)AY=l SUNDAY

6 c U:<DAY=2 MONDAY

7 c l>TO)AY=3 TUESDAY

3 c UKTAY=4 1;EDNESDAY

9 c 17KDAY=5 THURSDAY

10 c TUH)AY=6 FRIDAY

11 c U'KDAY=7 SATU?J)AY

12 INTEGER YR, DAY. TNO)AY. TDAY, MKDY, HLDY

13 COMMON /WKD/ I YRDA( 12) , i>ia)Y( 12,31), HLDY( 12,31)

14 N=YR/4

13 ND=N-4S3

16 IY=2

17 IF (ND.EQ..O) GO TO 40

18 IF (ND.LT.O) GO TO 10

19 IADD=2

20 GO TO £0

21 c 22 10 ITD=-ND

23 IADB=-2

24 20 DO GO J=1,ND

25 IY= lY-IilDD

23 IF (IY.GT.7) IY=IY-7

27 IF ( lY.EO.O) IY=7

23 IF (lY.LT.O) IY=IY-i-7

29 30 CONTINUE

30 40 HD=YR.-N'-.-:4 31 IF (MD.EO.O) IN’K=IY

32 IF (I'D.EQ. 1) IUK=IY+2

33 IF (IID.EQ.2) INlC=IY+3

34 IF (MD.Ea.3) nGC=IY+4

33 IF (IUK.GT.7) n/ic=r.fic-7

36 IF (MO.NE. 1) GO TO 50

37 TDAY=DAY-1

33 GO TO 80

39 C

40 30 DO 60 J= 1, 12

41 IF (HO.NE.J) GO TO 60

42 TDAY= IYRDA( J) +DAY1

43 GO TO 70

44 60 CONTINUE

45 70 IF (MD.EQ.O.AND.MO.GT.a) TDAY=TDAY+1

46 CO NTI-I=TDAY/7

47 NDM= TDAY-7^';NTM+ I NIC 43 IF (NDX.GT.7) NDX=ND?^•7

49 Tr[3AY=NDX

50 KD^=YR/100

5 1 irrE3T= YR- ICv::; 1 00

52 IF (H0,GT.2.0R.iaZST.NE.0) GO TO 00

53 R iCV 1 34 90 LV= ICV/4

53 LTE5T=KA"-LV:;:4

56 IF (LTZST.EQ.2) UKDAY= T7IN?AY+

1

57 TF ( LTE3T. Ed. 1 ). ’5G-E)AY= TUCDAY+2

33 IF (LTEST.EQ.O) 1^KDAY= vIEDAY+G

59 UKDAY= NETAY-3- ( LV-4

)

60 100 I F ( TtTOAY. LE . 0 ) N’KDAY= U:-n5AY+7

6 1 IF (UKDAY.LE.O) GO TO 100

62 I F ( NEDAY. GT . 7 ) NICDAY= UlCDAY- 7

63 FRTURN

64 C

65 END

173
C5

Tj*

If}

h.

CO

O'O

Cl

C5

lOO

N

ra

O'O

Cl

C3

•'JMO O

SWACT:;«SOLI7E2( 1) .E0L3AYC0)

C

c

c

SU3R0UTIITE EOLDAY ( YR, JIO, DAY, NDAY, HOD

^r^>n fjt INTEGER YR,DAY,HOL

IF ( KO . Ea. 1 . ,1ND . DAY. EQ. 1 ) GO TO 10

IF (MO.Ea. 12.AND.DAY.Ea.31.AND.NDAY.EQ.6) GO TO 10

IF (KO.Ea. 1. AND.DAY.EQ.2. AND.NDAY.EQ.2) GO TO 10

IF (MO.Ea.2. AIID.DAY.Ea.22) GO TO 10

IF (MO.Ea.2. AND. DAY. Ea. 21 .AND. NDAY.Ea. 6) GO TO 10

IF (MO.Ea.2. AND. DAY. Ea. 23. AND. NDAY.EQ. 2) GO TO 10

IF (NO.Ea.o.AND.DAY.Ea.30) GO TO 10

IF (M0.Ea.5.AND.DAY.Ea.29.AND.NDAY.EQ.6) GO TO 10

IF (M0.Ea.5.AND.DAY.Ea.31.AND.NDAY.EQ.2) GO TO 10

IF (MO.Ea.7. AND.DAY.Ea.4) GO TO 10

IF (MC.EQ.7. AND.DAY.Ea.3.AND.NDAY.Ea.6) GO TO 10

IF (MO.Ea.7. AND.DAY.Ea.o.AND.NDAY.Ea.2) GO TO 10

IF (MO.E-a. 12.i'uID.DAY.Ea.25) GO TO 10

IF (MO.EQ. 12. AND.DAy.EO.24. AND.NDAY.EQ.6) GOTO 1 IF (MO.Ea. 12. AND.DAY.Ea.26. AND.NDAY.Ea.2) GO TO 1 IF (M0.EQ.9..4ND.DAY.LT.7. AND.ITDAY.Ea.2) GO TO iO

IF ( MO . EQ. 1 1 . AND . D.AY. GT . 24 . AND . NDAY. E‘A. 5 ) GO TO 10

H0L=0

RETURN

E0L= 1 RETURN

END
STJTTACT^SS0LIT22( 1) .DST(O)

SUBROUTIITE-DST ( YH, KO, DAY, DSTX, DSTY, ITDAY)

2 C

4 C

o6

•r

43

9

10

11

12

INTEGER YR, DAY, DSTIi. DSTY

IF (M0.LT.4.0R.PI0.GT. 10) GO TO 10

IF (PI0.Ea.4.AIID.DAY.LT.24) GO TO 10

I F ( NDAY. EQ. 1 ) DSTX= DAY

IF (PIO.EQ. 10. AND.DAY.LT.24) GO TO 10

I F ( NDAY. EQ. 1 ) DSTY= DAY

10 CONTINUE

RETURN

13 C

14 END

175
a

O

'J' lOV©N

CO

O'O

ClO

to

N

CO

O'O

Cl

CO

10

vO

t-. n

O'

SUNACT=:cSOL i TE2( 1

)

1 C

cc

cc

c

c

UR3.\N( 0)

COIIPILER (DIAG=S)

SUBROUTiriE URBATT:

THIS SUBROUTINE KODIFIES THE AH0UNT OF CLEAR DAY

RADIATION BY A FACTOR DETERHINED IN REF( ).

!t ^^^ C ^V ^ ^ ^^ ^ C ^ ^ ^ ^^ vw ‘ « n« ^ « «T> ^ I • «(»«(« SUBROUTINE URBAN

C

c

c

^v» *Jk ^>> ^^v*-» ^ ^v‘» <** <> *'* *• V> V* v> ^ «> *. U«' • « Vv>< •

DiriENSION ALTRDRI 10) ,ALTRDF( 10)

COiEION /SOL/ RDR(24) ,FJ)F(24) ,RDT(24)

COIIKON /POS/ S0LAZ(24) ,S0LALT(24) ,S0LFAC(3) ,C0SINC(24) ,DIRCS2(24) , 2 DIRCS3(24) .DN0RAD(24) . ISRT, ISST

DATA (AL1TJ3R( I) , 1= 1, 10) /3-'.- . 66 , 2-..:. 64 , .63, .33, .53, .43,0./

D.ATA ( ALTRDF( I) , 1= 1, 10) /3-'.'c . 23 , 2=.^ . 22 , . 2, . 19 ,. 16 , . 13 , 0 . /

DO 10 IHR= ISRT, ISST

1= 10-S0LALT( lER)/. 1371

RPJ)F=RDF( lER)

FUIDR=RDR( I HR)

FJ)R( lER) = ALTFJ)R( I ) :.':RRDR PlDF ( I HR) = ALTFJ5F ( I ) ^.-TUiDR IF (FRDF.GE.FuDF( IHR) ) RD?( IHR) =HRDF

Fu)T( I HR) = RDF.( I HR) + FU F ( I HR)

10 ccrmiTUE

FRTUFlTT

END

176
>f- O

W

>-* O

vi>

CO

*Nj

<5'

t'l

O

to

>- o

vC

CJ

C'

Cl

.!>. O

to

O

vO

toa

Ci'

Cit

t*.

CO

to

•-* O

O

Co

'4

C'

Cl

CO

to

H-i o

O

OJ

>st

0^

01

>fCO

to

-* SUJTACT.-:SOLI TSCC 1) .0C3EAT(0)

C

C

G

C

C

> «*• «'« %}* vV«** «w«.v

SUBROUTINE TO PETERHINE THE INTERNAL GAINS OF A R00?I

AS A FUNCTION OF TYPE OF DAY, AND OCCUP.IITCY TYPE.

SUBROUTINE OCHEAT (KDAY,E0L)

A* *t>^'*'<**^ '4' 'I* '<*'<'• 'I'*

10

NODOCT CCCUP.4NCY GAIN, HEAT GAIN FROII PEOPLE.

NODELT OCCUPANCY GAIN, HEAT GAIN FROH ELEGTRICi\L EQUI P?IENT, LIGHTS

RO RATIO OF MM^HIHUIl PEOPLE GAINS

EGELE ARRAY OF RATIOS OF ri-iXII'IUH ELECTRICAL GAINS

HGOCC ARRAY OF RATIO OF ?L4XirrJIl PEOPLE GAINS.

I DAT? TYPE OF DAY. 1= WEEKDAY, 2.= LONG DAY, 3.= CLOSED DAY

FOR COIHIERCIAL EST/iELISIEENTS

.

NTYP TYPE OF ROOH OCCUPA.NCY.

DLLHIN DAYLIGHT LEVELS, mNiriUrlS FOR OGCUP.ANCY, FROIi lES.

lEST START OF OCCUPANCY HOURS

I HEN END OF CCCUPANGY HOURS

DELC ELECTRICAL LOADS/SOUARE AREA

DCGC PEOPLE OCCUPANCY’ IN ROOIi.

INTEGER EOL

D HENS ION PLIICS)

COITION /DLL/ ELLIIIIK 10) , IHSTC 10) , 'IISNC 10)

COITION /CCC/ NODES. N0DT1?( 10) , N0DFLA( iO) .NODOCCC 10) ,ITCDELG( 10)

2 N0DELT( 10,24) ,IT0DCCT( 10.24) , EGELE( G, 24 , 3) , ZGOCGC 3 , 2i , 3) FE.AL NODFLA, NCDELG , NCDELT, NODCCT, NODTiT , NODCCG

DATA (DEK I) , 1= 1 ,3) / 19 . , 57 . , 37 . /

DO 10 N0D=1, NODES

IEST(N0D)=0

IHEIT(N0D)=0

CONTINUE

DO 20 N0D=1, NODES

NTYT=NODTY?( NOD)

IDA7?=

1

IF ( ( KTY? . EQ, 3 . OR. NTYP . EO. 1 ) . AND. ( ZDAY. ZQ. 1 . OR. KD.AY. ER. 7 . ( 2L.EG. 1)) IDAT?=3

IF (lODAY.EO.e.OR.HOL.EQ. l.AND.rrrYP.EQ.2) IDAT?=2

I F < lEAY. EO. 1 . AND . NTYP . EQ. 2 ) I DAT?=

3

DELC=N0DELC( NOD)

D0CG=N0DCCC(N0D)

DLLHIN( NOD) =DLII( NTY?)

BO 20 IER=1,24

NODELT(NOD, lER) =DELC-':--HGELE( IBATP, IHR.NTYP)

R0=nGCCC( I DAT?. I HR, NTYP)

ITODOCTC NOD. IHFO =BOCC:;:RO IF ( lESTdTOD) . SO. 0 . AND, RO. GT. . 1) IF ( lESTC NOD) . GT. 0, jLND. IHEIK NOD)

IEST( IT0D) = IHR

EO.O..4ND.RO.lt . .1) lESNC

20

2IHR

CONTINUE

RETUPiN

END
SUITACT:;'-S0LITE2( l)’.SUTTSBF(O)

1 CO]

2 C

3 C

4 C

o SUl

6 c

7 c «-•«««>« 8 c

9 c ANGIND

10 c ANGINC

11 c BLKHT

12 c BLKLEN

13 c ccc

14 c CCT

15 c CDR

16 c COSIIH

17 c COSING

13 r» C3W.ALT

19 c CSUEA2

20 c D

21 c DD

22 c DEL

r»0 c DEL2

24 c DIRCS2

25

' c DIRC33

25 c DIST

27 c DLTC

23 G DLTDHG

20 c DLTDHL

30 c DLTDL

31 c DLTH

OOKJ c DLTIIAX

33 c DLTmiT

34 c DLTI'E

35 c DNCRAD

36 c DNCRIH

37 c DRC2IH

33 c DRC3IH

39 c ERC

40 c FLCDLT

41 c FLGGL

42 c FLGGLL

43 G FLGSRF

44 c FLGST

45 c GLAEirr

46 - c GLARSF

47 c GEATHIC

43 c CriuL±* L

49 c GRID

50 c ISP.T 5 1 c ISoT

32 c NL.AY

53 c NN2

54 c NODOT

55 G NSPFOT

56 c NSURF

37 G RDF

<!»»»

AITGLE OF INCIDENCE, DEGHSES.

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE, RADIANS

HEIGHT OF BLOCK OF BUILDINGS.

LENGTH OF BLOCK OF BUILDINGS.

HOURLY CLCIjT) CO\im

HOURLY CLOUD COVER ARRAY

CLEAR DAY RATIO OF DIRECT BEAN TO TOTAL

COSINE OF ZENITH ANGLE

COSINE OF THE SURFACE INCIDENCE ANGLE

COSINE OF THE 1-ALL TILT FRON HORIZONTAL

COSINE OF THE NALL AZINUTH FRON SOUTH

DISTANCE FFiON ¥INDO¥ INTO ROON. DALITS CALCULATIONS

CUI'IULATIVE DISTANCE FRON WINDOW INTO ROON

THINE' OF ROON DEPTH

E.ALF OF DEL.

COSINE OF HOUR ANGLE. (FRON SUN)

COSINE OF .ANGI TO SOUTH VTECTOR (FRON SUN)

r.IST.EICE FRON CORNERS OF BLOCK TO SURFACE EDGES.

NAMINUN ANOUNT OF DAYLIGHT FOR POINT IN RCOIi.

DAYLIGHT, DAILY LEVELS GREATER THAN .ALLOWABLE.

D-AYLIGHT.DAILY HOURS LESS TRAN •ALLOW.A3LE.

D-4YLIGHT LEVELS .AT 3 ROON POINTS.

DAYLIGHT HOUR COUNTER ( IF LIGHT GT.O.)

I-LAXINUFI LEVEL OF LKETTING .AT A POINT

LEVEL OF LIGHT AT WORICING PL.ANE ABOVE 50 FC.

LEVEL OF LIGHT AT THE WORKING PLANE

DIPECT N0R>1AL GLE.4R D.AY F<AD RATION.

DIPECT NOPu'LAL CLEAR D.AY PAD I .AT I ON.

DIRCS2

DIRCS3

EIRTERNiALLY REFLECTED DAYLIGHT GONPONENT

D.AYLIGHT FL.AG. GL-AZING FLAG.

GLAZING LAVER FL.AG

SURFACE FLAG.

F.ACING STREET INDICATOR

EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT FOR GL.AZIITG

REFFACTION COEFFICIENT, GLAZING,

THICICTESS OF GLAZING.

GROTXID REFLECTION COEFFICIENT

GROUND TYPE INDICATOR

SUN RISE THE

SUN SET THE

NUTEER OF LAYERS IN GRAZING COIEOSITE.

FIN.AL NUISER 0? SURF.ACES

rroiESR OF NODES

NUIEER OF SURF.ACES

DIFFUSE RADIATION CLE.4R DAY

178
33

39

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

73

76

77

73

79

GO

31

o2

33

34

35

36

37

33

39

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

93

99

IGO

101

102

103

104

lOo

106

1 'ajT

1 Oo

109

no

1 1

1

1 12

1 13

1 14

1 15

C RDiriHR PcDF C RDFSRF DIFFUSE RADIATION ON THE SPECIFIED SURFACE

C PDFTRA DIFFUSE RADIATION TRANSni SS I ON

.

C RDGFcND GROUND SCATTERED RADIATION

C RDNAiL WALL SCATTERED RADIATION

C RDR DIRECT RADIATION, CLEAR DAY HORIZONTAL

C RDRIHR RDR

C RDRPxAT RATIO OF DIFJIGT TO TOTAL RADIATION (CLOUDY DAY)

C RDRSHD DIRECT SH.ADON FACTOR

C RDRSRF DIRECT RADIATION ON SURFACE

C RDRTRA DIEECT HAD I ATI ON, TRANSIIITTSD.

C RDT TOTAL HORIZONTAL CLEAR DAY RADIATION

C RDTSRF TOTAL RAIDATION ON SPECIFIED SURFACE

C RRDF RATIO OF DIFFUSE RADIATION ON SURFACE (OR TRA:IS?IITTED)

C RRDR RATIO OF DIFECT RADIATION TRAITSfllTTED THROUGH SURFACE

C SALTIH SOLAJl ALTITUDE

C SC DAYLIGHT COIIPOITENT C? THE SHY VIEN

C SICfL LUI-II NANCE OF SHY

C SL.AZIH SOLAR AZIHUTH, HOURLY.

C SNUFiLT SIN OF NALL TILT

C SOLALT SOLAR ALTITUDE, HOURLY ARRAY

C SOLAZ SOLAR ZIIICTH HOURLY i'JlRAY.

C SOLFAC ASERAE FACTORS FOR DETERTIINIITG CLEAR DAY RADIATION

C SPEAES AE30RPTICIT COEFFICIENT FOR THE SURFAC

C SRFAR SUPEACE /UREA

C SPER4G SUTEACE HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND

C SFEHT HEIGHT OF THE SUPEACE

G SFEINC Single of iztcj deuce on tee suteace

C SPELN LENGTH OF SUTEACE

C STAIIIS AXIS OF STTEET, FROH SOUTH

C STVl STREET UTDTH, PRIILARY STREET.

G ST:r2 STREET WIDTH SECONDARY STREET.

C TGC TYPE OF CLOUD. 0= CIRRUS, 1 = CUERDU3, 2= STRATUS.

C TPDR WEIGHTED DIFECT TPu^JISHISS ION FAGTOPE.

C NALALT NALL TILT FROl'I EORIZONTAL

C NALAZ NAL AEIilUTH FROH SOUTH

G N.ALFAC DIFFUSE FUUDIATION FACTOR ON VSFTICAL SUTEACE, THRELIIELD.

C XIRC DAYLIGHT INTERN.ALLY FEFLECTED COHPONENT.

C Z5LITE DAYLIGHT 5UDR0UTINE BATA .APuRAY. DIHEITSIOIT DLTH( 10,0) ,SirxX(3) ,IEX3( 10,24) ,DL'Tv?(3) ,DR0?(2.24) , 2 vDFP(10,0)

COinON /DLL/ DLLHIIK 10) , IEST( 10) , lEZIK 10)

COrnON /Rji/ PEIK 2 , 5 , 2 , 2) , RFIER 10.2), R1T( 2.5)

COIEIGIT /ST/ ISTS. I, 1ST, lOST. IN, lU'C?, IR, IRO? , NALZ( 2 , 2) , IAZZ(2,24)

2 ISS(2,24) ,NALFAC(2,2,24) , ANGIN( 2 . 5 . 24)

COIEION /DIF/ IWD(5, 10.2) ,VT(5, 10) , TPEX 3 , 10) , TRN( .5 , 1C>

COmON /CON/ TEH? 1 , TEHP2 , WIND , POUER, AREA. RLN , ENERGY, HEAT, FENZ

COrEION /CLD/ GCT(24) ,T0C(24)

COTEION /DLT/ FLGDLT, ZSLITS( 10,30) ,DLTDL( 10,3) .DL’IDIILI 10,3) . 2 DLTDEG( 10,3)

COiriGN /RIIL/ SC( 10.3) ,ERC( 10.3) .XIP.CC 10,3)

COiriON /TRA/ GLAREF( 15,10) , GLAEXT( 15,10) . GniTIEX 15,10) ,NLAY( 12) , 2 NSUTEv 1.5) COIEION /PGS/ SGLAZ(24) ,S0LALT(24) ,S0LPAC(3) , CCS IITG( 240 ,DIRCS2(24

2 DIRCS3(24) ,DN0PED(24) , ISRT, ISST

COIEION /NAL/ NALAZ( 10) , NALALT( 10) .ST.AXISIO) .STNH2) ,ST:r2(2) . 2 BLHLEIT(2) ,BLHET(2,2) ,FLGST( 10.-> ,CGN.ULT( 10) ,SNNALT( 10) ,GSNL.IZ( 10)

3 Sin.'LAZC 10)

179
116

1 17

113

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

123

129

ISO

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

ii OO

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

143

149

150

151

152

153

154

153

156

157

153

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

163

169

170

171

172

173

COI-EIOIT /SOL/ ELR(24) ,R]}y(24) ,?J>T(24) | COIL’ION /Alls/ Pi'FSR? (10,24), RDRSHF (10,24), RBT3RF( 1 0 , 24 ) , N2

,

2 AIIGIITC( 10,24) , IH)RSHD( 10,24) ,TRAB3( 10, 15) ,TPJ;ni3( 10, 15) h COIEION /SRF/ DIST(2, 10) , SRFEAG( 10) ,SR?LR( 10) , SRPHK 10) , SRFAR( 10) ,

j. 2 SRFASSl 10) ,A(2, 13) ,FLGSRF( 10) , NOCOT( 10) ,ITSHFOT( 10) , FLGGL( 10) ,

" 3 FLGGLLC 10)

C

C INITIALIZE VALUES

C

DO 10 N=1,N2

DO 10 ID=1,3

DLTEKN, ID)=0.

DLTDL(N, ID)=0.

DLTDEL(N, ID)=0.

DLTDHG(N, ID)=0.

10 CONTINUE i G

C DETEEHIITE RADIATION FACTORS (THBELEELD, KGR. TO VER. ) AND

C SmiNY SIDE OF STREET.

CALL SUNS ID ( ISTFLG, DROP)

G URITE (26,20)

C 20 F0RI14T (52H IH FJX3 SED SEDHT RDFH FJ3FC RDFSRF HDFTR,

C 2 21H RDFSR DIFF DIFFB,/)

C URITE (27,30)

BO ISO !HR= ISRT, ISST

SALTIE= INT(SOLiLLT( IHR) 5.': ISO . /0 , 14159+.5)

SLAZin= INT(SOLAZ( IHR) ISO . /3 . 14159+.5)

CCC=CCT( IHR)

CC3I IH=COSINC( lER)

DNORIH”DNORAD( IHR)

DRC2IH=DIRCS2( IHR)

BRC3IH=DIRCS3( lER)

RDFC=RDF( lER)

RDRC=RDR( IHR)

IF (rTDRC,LT.O.) RDRC=0.

. RDPcH= DNORI H:;:COS 1 1

H

IF (PJ)RH.LT.O. ) RDRH=0.

RDTC=RDT( IHR)

RDFH= DNORin:;:SOLFAC( 3)

C

C FACTORS OF PROPORTION OF PAD, /HOUR ACTUAL TO CLEAR DAY A?IOUNTS

C AS THE LATTER IS THE APIOUNT THAT ¥ALL FAD. FACTORS APE BASED ON

DFFC=RDFC/FJ)FH | DFBC=0.

IF (RDPxH.GT.O. ) DFEC=RDRC/KDRH

C

C DETERMINE DIFFUSE AND BEAU PAD I AT I ON FACTORS FOR EACH SURFACE

DO 140 ISURF=1,N2

ZSLITE( ISTJRF,21)=SALTIH

ZSLITZ( ISUPJ,22)=SLA2IH

ZSLITE( ISURF,24)=CCG

SRFINC=CS¥ALT( ISUPJ) --"COSI IH+SIT¥ALT( ISUKF) :SSinyTAZ( ISURF) -'.’sD] 2C2 m+SinLALT( ISURF) :.^CS¥LAZ( ISURF) ^;:DRC3 IH

ANG I NC ( I SUHF , I HR) = AC03 ( SPvF I NC

)

2DPiS=0.

IF (SRFINC.GT.O. ) RDP%S=SRF INC^-^DNORIH

I = FLGSRF( ISURF)

ISTS=FLGST( ISURF)

180 •
174

175

176

177

173

179

ISO

131

132

133

134

185

136

187

1S3

139

190

191

192

193

194

193

196

197

193

199

2C0

201

203

204

205

206

207

203

209

210

21 1 212

213

214

215

216

217

213

219

220

22

1

ono

o224

2^5

226

OO J 223

229

230

231

IST= !SS( ISTS, IHR)

I0ST=2

IF (IST.Ea.2) I0ST=1

GO TO (20,30,40,20,30), I 20 I¥= 1 I¥0P=2

IR=4

IR0P=5

GO TO 50

30 IW=2

I¥0P=

1

IR=5

IR0P=4

GO TO 50

40 I¥= 1ST

I¥0P= lOST

IR=0

• IRGP=0

50 FP= TEIIP 1 -':S2 . +TEHP2

C

C SR0¥ RETLZCTAITCE IIODIFIER, FUTICTIOR OF AHBIETIT TEIIP.

I1S= 1

.

IF ( RFIK ISTS , 3) . EQ. 3. . OR. ?u?T!( ISTS , IR) . EG. 3. . OR.. RTIK ISTS , IR

20? ) . EG. 3 . . AND . DAIID3T . LT. FP ) 35=2.4

GO TO (60,60,70.30,30), I 60 DIFF=¥'\LFAC( ISTS, T , IZR) :.’0/T ( 3 . ISURF) :;:TRA( 3 , ISURF) +N.ALF.4C: IS

2TS, I¥0P, IER)J.^TRA( I¥0?. ISURF) :.‘-.'vT’( IVO?, ISURF)

I'I?FB=UT(G, ISUFS’)-.;:TFJR3, ISURF) -rVFC 4 , ISUFR) :.':TFA( 4 , IfURF)

D!Fr3=DIFF3:;C5

DIFT=v;ALFA€( ISTS, I, IER)-VF(5, ISURF) -TRIK 3 , ISURF) +UALFAGC 13

2TS, I¥OP, IHR)>;:TrJI( I¥OP. ISLUlF):;:vF( lU'O?, ISUTJ)

DIFTE= 1/7(3. ISIUU'):!;TRN(3, ISURF)i-W(4, ISU7F) -TFJR 4 , ISURF)

D I FTS= D I FT2*Fi3

DIFS=¥ALFAC( ISTS, I, IHR):.-VF(3, ISURF) +¥ALFACC ISTS, I¥3?, IRR):;:

2VF( I¥OP, ISURF)

DIFS3=VF(3, ISURF)+VF(4, ISLUF)

DIFSD=DIFSB:.':P5

GO 70 90

70 DIjF=¥ALF.4C( ISTS, I¥. niR):;:17( I¥, ISURF) '-TFlUI I¥, ISURF) h-UALFAC

2( ISTS, I¥OP, IEFc)--::TFu4( lUOF, ISUFF):-VF( I¥0?, I3UFF)

DIFFB=V7(5, ISUFF):;;TFFR3, ISURF)

DIFT=¥ALF.4C( ISTS, IV, IIIR):;:\7( IwR ISUTF) -TFSR I¥, ISUFF) +U.ILFAG

2( ISTS, lUOP, IHR)«TRN( I¥0?. ISURF) :U7’( lUOF, ISURF)

D IFTB= \’T( 3 , ISURF) :;:T?F( 3 , ISURF)

DIFS=¥ALFAG( ISTS, I¥, IIIR):;:W( I¥, ISURF) +¥ALFACC ISTS, I¥0?, lUR

2)^=VF( I¥OR, ISURF)

DIFS3=W(3, ISURF)

GO TO 90

oO v/iji* = . . 4o^ '••SR-' INC"/* . 0 1 lilC IF (SRFIITC.LT.-.C) U'LR= . 43

irLR=TfLF>;:( l-CSIvLAZ)

DIFF=UILF:;:V7(5, ISURF) -TRxAC 3 , ISURF) +¥ALF.'iG( ISTS, ITIOR. IZR):.RF

2( I¥CP, ISURF) :;:TRFR IirOP, ISUTF)

L IRFB= ( VR( 4 , ISURF) ::-TRu\( 4 , ISURF) +UF( 3 , ISUFF) -TRJR C , ISURF) ) 2RS-t-S!n.'L-4Z( ISUTF):;: 1/7(3, ISUTF) :::TR=1.( 3 , ISUTF)

DIFT=UXF:':\7(5, ISUTF) :.:TRN( 3 , ISURF) +¥ALF.4C( ISTS, ITCR. IRR):;:v7

2( I¥OP, ISUTF) :;:7RN( I¥OP. ISUTF)

D IFTB= ( ’vT( 4 , ISURF) :.':TruT( 4 . ISU'RI'’; +VF( 3 , ISURF) ;;:TRJI( 3 , ISURF) )

ISl
M

P5

•j'

If?

N

to

O'O

01O

i’

10

'0N

egO

O

M

O

10

h*

ro

o

Cl

C)

rj'

lO

\5

1-ro

O'O

-< C1

CO

lO

\9rto

COO

01

CO

'I'

10

VO

1-CO

O'

CO

CO

CO

COCO

COC5

CO

tP

'f

'J*

rf<

'Jt

Tj<

'P

\MO

10

lO

to

wo

to

lO

lO

to

to

vO

'0

vO

'0

vO

'OvO

vO

vO

Vf? N

N>

!'• N

N

h*

t-N

1^

!-« CO

CO

COCO

CO

CO

CJ

00

COCQ

Cl

Cl

Cl

CJ

CJ

CJ

Cl

CJ

CJCJ

CJ

CJ

ClCJ

CJ

Cl

CJ

Cl

ClCl

ClCJ

Cl

Cl

Cl

CJ

Cl

Cl

C!

CJ

CJ

CJ

CJ

Cl

CJCJ

CJ

Cl

CJ

Cl

CJ

Cl

ClCl

CJ

CJ

Cl

ClCl

Cl

Cl

Cl

CJ

ClCl

CJ

ClCJ

111

2RS+Sm^LAZ( ISUPiF) «VF( 5 , ISUKF) *TRI?( o , ISimi’) !1 DIFS=Tf’LF«VF(5, ISURF) +¥ALFAC( I3T3, HfOP, IHR)«YF( I¥OP, ISURF)'^

' DIFSB=(W(4, ISUHF)+VF(3, ISUPJT) ) «RS+SmvX-4Z( ISTJPJ) 5 , ISUP; 2F) ^V' C - 'ii C DIFFUSE PAD I ATI ON ON A SURFACE= 'I C DIFFUSE RADIATI0N+.8 BEAII RADIATION. .8 IS AUTHOPFS FACTOR. ii C FUTURE ALGORITHH SHOULD FURTHER DISCRIMINATE AND CALCULATE " C THIS FACTOR AS IS DONE FOR BEAU RADIATION IN BOUNCE AND

G REFLEX.

90 RDFSRF( ISURF, IHR) = ( RDFR-’sC DIFF+D IFF3) ) =SDFFG+RDF£« . G:t=DIFFB^;cI

;

2FEC

RDFTR= ( RDFH:.':( DIFT+DIFT3) ) ^’tDFFC-i-RDRH-'S . SU£DIFTB:.’:DFBG

PJ)FSR= ( PDFR;:( BIFS+DIFSS) ) *DFFC+RDPiI:.?. S*DIFSE^jDFBC i IF ( IDAY.NE. i.AND. IDAY.NE. 15) GO TO 110

IF (I.EQ. ICST) RDF>SHD( ISURF, IER)=0.

IF (I.EQ. ICST) GO TO 100 c

C SHADOWS, OVERHANGS, AND REFLECTOR COEFF. C.U.CULATED.

CALL SHADOW ( ISURF , lER, SHDHT) ; 100 SFJTP=SRFHAG( ISURF) +SnFHT( ISUPE) ! c i: C CALL SUBROUTINE TO DETEPlMINE BEAU RADIATION FJSACHING SUPJ'ACE I C THROUGH STREET CAirYON I NTERZFLECT I ONS i CALL BOUNCE ( 1113,511/1 ( ISTS) , BLISTC IST3, IN) , BLIOin ISTS, I'rOF 2) ,SFETP,SRFHAG( ISURF) , S?cFnT( ISURF) , GST/LAZC ISURF) ,SNI'VLAZ( ISURF) ,RS,j;

SDRO?( ISTS, I HR) , CLR) , I RFXB( ISURF , liii'l) =CLR j C ! C BEAM INCIDENCE ANGLES CALCULATED ON A 6 DEG. 3.A3IS FOR [ C USE WITH TRANSmSSION COEFFIC IENT3 . j 110 ITA=AITGINC( ISURF, IHR)/. 10472 | RDRRF=DN0RIH:KSRFINC f I TAO= ANG I NC ( I SURF , I HR) / . 1 0472 | IF ( I.GT.S. .OR.SrJINC.GT.0. ) GO TO 120 ! I TA0= ANG I N ( I STS , I WOP . I HR) / . 1 0472 ! ITA=AITGIN( ISTS, IWOP, IHR)/. 10472 I CSANW?=C0S( ANGIN( ISTS , IWOP , IHR) ) | RDRRF= DNOPd n-':fCS ANWP

120 IF (RFXB( ISURF, IHR) -LT. .009.0R, I.LT.G) GOTO ICO i DRCR=-DRC2IH i SRFRIN=CSWALT( ISUPJ) ^;<C0S I IH+S?G/ALT( ISURF) t^'SNT-R.AZ( I5UP*F)t;OIi

2CR+SNWALT( I SUFE ) :J^CS v/LAZ ( I SURF ) ^;':DRC0 I H i rdrrf=dnorir;<srfrin i ITA0= ( AC0S( SPlFRIN) ) / . 10472

130 TKBH=TRA3S( ISURF, ITA) ; TPcBRH= TPABS ( I SUFF , I TAO) | TRNB= TRNM5 ( I SUTF , I TA)

TPNBF<.= TPJTnS( ISURF, I TAO)

FDRSRFC ISURF, IBR) = ( TFEnuilTFxS^'iRE'RSHDI ISURF, IHR.) ISI

2 IHR) ^RDFFF;;iTRBRII) •oDFBC

PDRTR= ( ?J)P5:iJTRiIB-RDP,Sm)( ISURF, IHR)+?FXB( ISURF, IER,)5;RE}PS

2TRNBR) -7DFEC

PDFFF^= ( RDFFj;tRDRSm)( ISURF . lER) +FFX3( ISURF , lEFD -REFrU) :;-^F Pu)TSFF( ISURF. IHR) =RDRSRF( ISUTF, IHR) +ru5FSRF( iSoFF, IHR)

KDTTR= PJ)RTR+FDF7R

RDTSR= FDRSFc+RDFSR

IF (FOTSR.GT.O. ) ZSLITEl ISURF, 1) =RDTTR/Fu)TSR

182
290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

293

299

3G0

301

302

303

304

305

30 3 307

303

309

310

311

312

313

314

313

n 1 3 313

319

320

321

324

323

326

330

331

ooO

GG'O 337

oo :> w o 339

340

H 1i

343

346

347

343

349

350

35 1

IF (7J)TSF.LE. 1. .GR.FJr-TTR.LE. 1.) ZSLITEC ISURF . 1 ) =TR;

Tra.ITE (26,160) IER,RF5ffl( iSURF, lER) ,SnDHT,RDR3HD( IGURF,

2n,RDFC,PJ)FSRJ( ISFRF, IHR) , RDFTR, RDFSR, DIFS , D IFS3

160 FOFJLIT ( IX, 12, 10F7.2)

imiTZ (27, 170) IHR, AIIGIITC( ISURF, IIS) , TRDin, TR3RH, T?JTB, TRR3R, ITA

2, ITA0,RDF;X,IlDRC,FJ)FSRF( ISURF, IHR) , RDF^TR, RDRSR, Fd>TTR, RDTSR

170 FORimT ( IX, I2,5F7.2,2I5,7F7.2)

140

DIFF

DIFFB

DIFT

DIFT3

DIFS

DIFS

ARGIirD=AriGINC( ISURF, lER) :;:l£0./3. 14139

COITTIITUE IF (FLCDLT.EQ.O.) GO TO 180

BO 170 ISURF=1,R2

DEL=ZSLrfE( ISURF, 12) /3.

DEL2= DEL/2.

DIFFUSE RADIATION MODIFIER COEFFICIENT FOR

DIFFUSE BE-^M RADIATION MODIFIER COEFFICIENT

ASSOF^ER SURFACE

FOR ABSORBER SUPJACI

DIFFUSE Ri'ETTATION MDD.COEFF.

DIFFUSE ES.yi IL\D. MOD. COEFF

DIFFUSE RAD. MOD. COEFF.

DIFFUSE BE.\II RAD . MOD .COEFF

.

FOR TRINSHITTANCE

FROM VIEU I ilEFELGTION'ACTOR 0? STS.FACI

COEFFICIENTS.

ALL ABOvT: COEFFICIENTS ARE DETER2IINED

TO DIFFERENT RAD. SOURCES , AND TOTAL

D=G.

DO 150 ID=1,3

DD=DEL

IF (ID.EQ. 1) DD=DEL2

D=DD+D

ZSLITEI ISURS, 17) =D

NTFPl ISURF, ID) = D

DETEFvMINE ILLUMINANCE OF SICY. CALL SMYLUM ( ISURF)

SIC/L( ID)=ZSLITE( ISURF , 26) :.t( l+RF:iB( ISURF, lER) ) YLIGET IN 5FECIFIED ROOMS

IF (ITER.EO. 1) C.ALL FFILITE (ISURF.ID)

CCNTINITE

DO I’oO ID“1 G

DLTl*?! liO = CSC( ISURF, ID) +ERG( ISURF, ID) -!-XIRC( ISUR

2ZSLITE( ISURF, D^ZSLITEC ISURF . 6) :,':ZSLITE( ISURF. 7) ^.•;SIM’L( ID)

DLTDL( ISUFF, ID)=DLTDL( ISURF, ID)-rDLTU?( ID)

C CALCULATE D

150

ID) ):

IF (DLITT( ID) .GT.O. ) DLTEC ISURF . ID) =DLTn< ISUFF , ID) -*• i DLTTIIN=DLTlv-?( 1) DLTILiX=SirFL( ID)

DLTC=DLTriIN:;:5.

C I F ( DLTC . LE . DLTTL4X. AND

.

IF (DLTmN.GT.DLLMIIM ISUIF) .AND. lER.GE. IHST( ISURF) ..-IND 2. lER.LE. IHEIK ISURF) ) DLTDHL( ISUFF, ID)=DLTDRL( ISUTF, ID) + 1 160 CONTINUE

170 GCNTINUE

180 CONTINUE

NN2=N2-1

DO 190 N=1,N2

DO 190 ID=1,3

IF (DLindl, ID) .LE. O. ) GO TO 190

DLTDLdI, ID)=DLTDL(N, ID)/DLTH;N, ID)

190 CONTINUE

IF ( FL3TAE. GT. 1 . AND. IDAY. EG, 1) WRITE C 12,200) ( ( v/DF?( IZ, IZD) , IED= 1 2,3) , IZ=1.N2)

-- - .. 200 FOPJIAT ( 1X,£ZFT, IX. 10(SF4.0, IX) ,/)

PFTDRN

END

183
Ol

Oi

iM

CJI

Ol

Cl

Cl

Cl

>1^

>tJ-

^

,Dw

,r*

.ft. «

CiW

CO

03

toQ

O

CO

CO

io

10

to

10

10

CO

CO

fO

10

ro

-*

I-*

H-

•vl

c.

Cl

,r.

CO

to

—O

v!3

C3

•'1

0^

Cl

.ft..

CO

to

“o

'C

03M

On

Cl

CO

to

1

-O

vC.

03

»t

O'

Cl

hi.

CO

to

O

O

03

•“J

O'

Cl

to

to

I- O

'O

CON

O'

Cl

.f..

03

to

SinTACT«S0LI7E2( 1) .SHADOVCO)

1 COIIPILEPc (])IAG=3) ^ ^

«V^ ^V^ ^ ^VNV ^v« ^ «> * ^ 2^ V# ^ SUBROUTINE TO DETER?IINE AMOUNT 0? SH:^0¥ ON SURJACE

SUBROUTI :te shadow (N, IER,SHDHT)

DIMENSION PSRFX(2)

COrUION /0\l\y 0VRL:T( lO) ,0\THT( lO) .OVRTvTX lO) ,FJ>ROv1K 10.24) ,RrCLN( 10)

2,RTCWD( 10) ,RJCHT( 10) ,IIDRIIPC( 10,24) .RM01TK 10,2,2) ,RREC( 10,2) , 3 RIEIFCC 10,2,2)

COrriCN /5T/ ISTS, I , 1ST, lOST, IW, IWGP, IR, IRO? , WALZ( 2 , 2) , IAZZ(2,24) , 2 ISS( 2 , 24) , WALFAC( 2,2,24), ANGIN( 2,3,24)

COIEIOIT /DLT/ FLGDLT,ZSLITE( 10,30) ,DLTDL( 10,3) ,DLTDIIL( 10,3) , 2 DLTDHG(10,3)

COIF-ON /WAL/ WALAZ( 10) , WALALT( 10) ,STAX:S(2) ,STW1(2) ,STW2(2) , 2 ELI'XEN(2) ,ELI'IIT(2,2) , FLGST( 10) , GSWALTC 10) ,:iNW,3LT( 10) ,CEWL/iZ( 10) , G S'^^'"L4Z( iO)

COIFICN /sr^/ DISTC2, 10) , SPEEAG( 10) ,3KFLN( 10) , SR-"IIT( 10) .SRFAPO 10) , 2 SEFAESl 10) ,A(2, 13) ,FLGSRF( 10) , IIODOTl 10) , N3PJ^0T( iO) ,FLGC-E( 10) , 3 FLGGLLI 10)

COiriON /ANS/ ?J)FSPF’( 10,24) ,RD?45RF( 10.24) ,P3TSr.r

2 AUGINCl 10,24) ,FJ)R5ED': 10,24) ,TR.123( 10, 1.5) , TPJTT::! COinoN /PCS/ S0LAZ124) ,50LALT(24) .S0LF--\u(.3) ,2C3

2 DIRCS3(24) , DNOrUHU 24) , ISRT, ISST

O 10,24) ,N2,

' 1 1 'J , 1 c

)

,Dm P.uS2 (24) , C

G

C CALCULATE SHjADCWS ON SURJACE FR0?I BUILDINGS OPFOSITr SUPJACE,

C CACULATIONS ARE BA-SSD ON GEOMETRY AND SHOULD BE PEPJOFJIcD USING

C li^TRIX ILANIIIFULATION.

C

IO’vT.= 0

I RPC0

SAZ=AES(SOLAZ( IHR)-WALZ( ISTS, 1ST)

)

IF ( SAZ. GT. 3, 14 15?) SAZ=6 . 23o—SAZ

S'\LT=SOLALT( IHR)

SNSALT=S!N(SALT)

STW1TS=STW1( ISiS)

STW2TS=STW2( ISTS)

A-NGC = ANG I NC ( N , IKR)

CSAGIN=CCS(.ANGC)

SN.AG I N= S I N ( AJ:IC-C ) IAZ= IAZZ( ISTS, IHR)

f]C DEPENDING ON THE TPTE OF SUPJACE, DIFFERENT P.1R.T3 CP ALGORITHM

G ACCESSED

G CONSULT ILANTLAL FOR CAiLCULAiTION LOGIC

IF (PLG3PJ(N)-3. ) 10.70,30

10 IF CI.NE.IST) GO TO 120

IF ( lOVR.EO. 1 .OPc. IRFC.EC. 1) GO TO 30

PSFJIK 1)=DIST1 l.N)

?SRFX(2)=DIST(2,N)

184
33

59

60

61

62

63

64

63

66

67

63

69

70

71

72

73

74

73

76

77

73

79

•30 31

33

CO

39

90

91

92

90

94

95

96

97

93

99

100

101

102

103

104

103

1C6

107

103

109

1 10

111

1 12

113

1 14

1 13

IF (FLGGRF(N) .E2. 1. ) GO TO 29

PSTJ'JK 1)=DIST(2,N)

PSRFX(2)=DIST( l.N)

29 PSFJ'EG=SFFHAG(N)

PSRFHT=SKFKT( II) 30 RAIIGIII=S'nvTTS/CSAGIIT

C0NT= AES( SITSALT/SIIAGIN)

IF ( GOUT. GT. 1 . ) SITSALT=.4BS( SNAGIH)

PRAT= RAIIG iri5.':SHSALT/STWlTS

PROFA=ATAE( PRAT)

AITGIIYP= AS IN( SnSALT/SriAGIN)

PSRFTP= PSPJ3G+PSRFST

HYP= RANG I N«:SNAG I

N

IF (OVRWD(N) .GT.O. .OR. lOVR.EIi. 1) GO TO 40

D IFL= ( OVPilK N) -SRFLIK IT) ) /2

PSPF'HG= ( SRFHAG( N) +SRFETC N) +0\TxnT( ID ) -PB.\TV:0 vHND( N)

PSRJET= ?RAT:.:0".T0,T)( IT) GO TO 30

40 IF (RFCirD(IT) .EQ.O. .OR. IRFC.Za. I) GO TO 60

DIFL= ( FJ^CLIK IT) -SFcLIK N) ) /2

PSFT'HG=S?TIL\G( N) -RFCHTl N) -PRAT:;:RFCV.D( ID PSRFHT= PP.AT4-0'vlI.Iu)( ID 30 PSRFXC 1)=DIST( 1,N)-DIFL

PSRJX(2)=DIST(2.N)-DIFL

IF (FLGSFTdn .E2. 1. ) GO TO 60

PSFiFXC 1)=DIST(2,N)-DIFL

PSRFXC 2) =DIST( l.ID-DIFL

SHT'HT^ EL^IHTC iSTS, iT 0?) — RAITGXT-.’JSrTo.'T4T 60 I i' (

i

. PijLi . Pw ic' ^ir) 4j-0 iO iwO

SEDir0=EYP:::C03{ ANGHY?)

TITAGHP = T/GI ( /JTGHY?

)

SHD I N 1 = SHDHT- STTT2TS:;:TNAGHP

SSD I N2= SED I N-9- ST, '2TS

B= SHD I NO'-.;TTAGHP ^ SHD I N

1

ISL0PE=-1

GO TO 90

70 STi?=STAXIS( ISTS) -3. 14139

IF (STXP.LT.O.) STIP=STAXIS( ISTS) +3. 14159

IF (SOLAZC lER) .EO.STAXISC ISTS) .OR.SOLxiZC IHFJ .ZO.TI?) GO TO ISO

PSRFXC 1)=DISTC l.N)

?SRFXC2)=DIST(2,N)

PSRFEG=STTlTS/2. -SRFHTC N) /2+SRFH:lGC ID

IF C SFTHAGC N) . LT. 0 . ) FS?JEG=ST/lT3/2 . -i-SEFHTC N) /2-^SRFELGC II) PSRrHT=S?FnT( IT) PSRFT?= PSrxFHT-HFSRFEG

RAIIGiri=BLXHTC ISTS, INOP) /CSAG I IT EYP= PuYNG I N:.''SITAG IN

ANGHiT=SAZ

SNAGEY= S I IT C ANCHY?

)

S5DHT= HYP^SITAGii Y

IF CSHI'HT.LE.PSFFHG) GO TO ICO

CSAC-HY= C CS C dlGEY?

)

SED I ITO= E.T;;jC3ACHY

TTAGHY= SIIAGExVCSAGEY

SHD I IT 1 = SEDin-STy2TS:.sTnAGny

B=0.

SHD 1112= SHD I NO—STT2TS

ISLOFE=

1

185
80

1

1 16

1 17

113

1 19

120

121

122

123

GO TO 90

IF (Hf-ZQ. ICST) GO TO 130

IF (AITGITiT.GT.G. 14159) ANGHYP=6 . 233-AITGHYP

IF (ELI3T( ISTS, IVOP) .LE.BLICTK IST3, I) ) GO 70 130

PSFuTXI 1)=DIST( l,ri)

T(A2= AESI VALZI ISTS , I¥) -WALAZ( ID ) IF n/AZ.GT.3. 14159) I7AZ=6 . 2S3-WAZ

CGSTAZ=CGSCVAZ)

124

125

125

127

123

129

130

131

1S2

1 OO i wW

134

133

135

137

133

139

140

141

SIITTvAZ=Si:i( VAZ)

PSRFX2=SFFHT( IT) 5.':S IIT¥AZ+SPFLIT( X) :.':C0S17AZ+PSRFX( 1

)

FSFFX(2)=BLin.EII( ISTS)-?SFJX2

IF (FLGSPiF(N) .EQ.5. ) FSRFXC 2) =PSRFX( 1) IF ( FLGSKFI N) . EQ. 5 . ) PSKFXC 1 ) =BLICLEN( ISTS) -FSRFX2

PSRFHG=S’nflTS-!-SRFHAG( ID PSRFHT=SBFHT{ IT) /CSlVilLT( IT) PSKFHT=PSrxFIT0;'.C0Si/7-Z+SRFL:T( IT) ^':S IITXAZ FSFJ’T?=PSF^EG+PSRFET

RAITGirT=(BLXnT( ISTS. IXOP) -BLIETTC ISTS, ITDl/SITSALT

ErP=FL4ITGIiT.-;<C0S( SALT)

S IT AGHY= SINT ANGHYP

)

SEDHT= HY?^;:SNAG^Y

IF (SSBET.LZ.PSF^FHG) GO TO 130

C3AGHY=CCS( ANGHY?)

SHD 1 110= mT-;:CSAGHY

TNAGHY= SNAGEY/ CSAGEY

SEIi I IT 1 = SEDHT-STTvETS^^iTNAGHY

SUB IN2= SUD I N0~ST1T2TS

E=0.

144 I5LGFE=

1

145 90 F3RFLII=BLIE.EN( ISTS) -( ?SFJX( 1

) -i-?SXFX< 2) ) 146 PSFS'IGi:=PSrLFX( IAZI-PSFE'LIT

147 G TTRITEC 25 . 230 1 ) SHD IN 1 , PSHFTF

143 C 2501 F0BIL4T(2F10.4)

149 IF (SEDIITl .GE.PSRFT?) GO TO 120

130 PSRFAF= PSRFET:;--PSFH'LN

131 SEX- FSFlFTF-S3DH7

152 IF (SED.LE.O.) SED=0.

1-33 FJ)FEHD( IT, lEE) =SED--;jFSEFLIT/FSRFAE

1 IF (SHDINO.LE.FSRFXT lAZ) ) GO TO 140

135 IF (SEDIN2.GE.FSRFXX) GO TO 140

136 SLO?E= ISLO?E:S( SEDET-SEDINl) /( SHDIITO-SED

137 DELTAX= P5HrLiT/5

153 FSEDHT=0.

159 PINX=FSRFX( lAZ)

160 DO 100 INT=1,5

16 1 P IITY= SLOPE:.’:? INX+B

162 I? (SEDHT.GE.PSFH’T?) YY=PSRFTP

163 IF (SnrET.LT.FSFET?) YY=SEDHT

164 IF (PnTY.LT.PSPE’EG) ?INY=?SrH'EG

165 Y=Y-Y-PIITY

166 IF (Y.LE.O.) Y=G.

167 X=DELTAX

163 SHDIIT=iU33(X:;:Y)

169 PINX=?INX:-DELTAX

170 PSED 111= ( FSED I N-f SHD I IT) 171 100 CONTINUE

172 PSED I N= P5HD IN/PSF<F APc

T2)

FDP,SHD(rT, IHK) =RBFi3HD(N, lER) -rPSHDIN

186
!74 IF ( I.GT.2) GO TO 1 10

175 IF (OVRUTKH) .GT.O. ) GO TO 150

176 IF (RTCUTdl) .GT.O.) GO TO 160

177 110 RETURN

173 c

179 c

130 C IF NO SHADING ON IvTNDOV, RDRSHD= 1

.

131 C

132 c

1 KJO 120 RDRSHDdT, IHR)=0.

134 RETURN

133 C

136 130 RDRSHD(N. IER) = 1. 137 C

133 C IF SURFACES i\Pj: OTHER THAN WALLS, O^/ERHANGS

139 C HOT CALCULATED

190 IF (I.GT.2) GO TO 140

191 IF ( OVRRTM N) . GT. 0 . ) GO TO 150

192 IF (RFCWD(N) .GT.O. ) GO TO 160

193 140 RETURN

194 C

195 C CALL OVZRSAITG AIH) FlE? LECTOR SUBROUTINES FOR : 196 C PRESENT

197 150 IF (lOVR. EQ. 1) GO TO 160

193 0VRSED= FSRSHD ( N , I HR)

199 IOVR= 1 2Q0 IF ( FF'CTHX ID . EH. 0 . ) GO TO 170

201 GO TO 10

202 160 IF (IRFC.EO. 1) GO TO 140

203 rxFC5HD= RDFSHD (IT , I HR)

204 IRFC=

1

205 C

206 C CALL O^'ZEILAITC AHD REFLECTOR SUERGUTIHE

207 170 CALL OVBHNG ( OVRSHD , RFCSilD , ANGC , .INGHY? , ?: 203 GO 70 10

209 G

210 G

211 END

187
STJITACT:;:;

1

fy3

4

5

6

7

3

9

10

1

1

12

13

14

lo

16

17

13

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

•-)— 23

29

39

31

32

ijxJ 34

35

36

i 33

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

43

49

30

51

52

33

34

35

56

57

?0LIT32( 1) .OVnSITGCO)

GGI'PILETl (DIAG=G)

c SUBROUTINE Overhang calculates the shadow g.^st by overhangs, and

C TEE COERFICIEIIT FOR REFLECTION FROII A REFLECTING SURFACE.

C

SUBROUTINE OVFHNG ( OVRSZD, FJTCSHD, i^"GC , ANGHY? , TNIN, lAZ, N, IHR)

DII’IENSION ¥(2),0(2)

COITION /SRF/ DIST(2, 10) , SRFHAG( 10) , SRFLN( 10) , SRFHT( 10) , SRFAR( 10) , 2 SRFAESC 10) ,A(2, 13) ,FLGSRF( 10) , NODOT( 10) ,ITSRFOT( 10) ,FLGGL( 10) , 3 FLGGLLC 10)

COinON /ST/ ISTS, I, 1ST, IGST, IW, IWCP, IR, IRO? , ¥ALZ( 2 , 2) , IAZZ:2,24)

,

2 ISS(2,24) ,¥\LFAC(2,2,24) , ANC-IN( 2 . 3 , 24)

COITION /OVR/ O^TILNC 10) , G vRH7( 10) . 0\TUvD( 10) . RDRO\Tl( 10.24) .RFCLNv 10)

2,PPG¥D( 10) ,FxFGHT( iO) ,Fu)RRFC( i0,24) , RIIO vTR 10,2.2) ,FCIFC( 10,2) , 3 RISFCi 10,2,2)

I = FLC-SRF(rI)

ISD=AES( I+IAZ-3)

IF (ISD.EQ.O) ISD=2

ISBrI=2

IF (ISD.Ea.2) ISBH=1

IRF=0

NN= 1 10 I i'i- FuIRFC ( IT , illl , 1

)

C

C BEAI-I FHFEECTION COEFFICIENT CALCULATED, INCIDENT ANGLE SAIFE

C AS INCIDENT ANGLE ON STFEET SURFACE.

R=FHFLEX(RRFG( III. 1) ,RRFC( 111,2) ,ANGIN( ISTS, 3, IHR) ) pjr = R>:;RIpjrc ( N , NIT , 2 ) + RF

ITN=NN+1

IF (NN.LE.2) GO 70 10

DIFH=OVRHT(N)

D IFL= ( OVRIflDI N) -SFELITC IT) ) /2

R= G\"R¥D( IT) /S IITi FHTGC)

R¥=R^SIN( ANGC)

H= R¥::<S I N( AITGEFT

)

1T¥= RW^iiC OS ( AITGHY?

)

¥T=SRPHT(N)

¥( ISDN) =SRFLrT(N)

C

C BOTH SHADOWS AITD REFLECTION ARE DETERIIINED IN THE SAIiE ALGORITHH.

C REFLECTIONS AFE CiALULATED BY RETURNING' TO THIS POINT IN TEE PRCGRAH

C AND PE3ETTIIIG VARIABLE VALUES.

C20 ¥B=0.

¥( ISD)=0.

0(I5D)=-DIFL

0( ISDII)=CVT3'T(IT)+0( ISD)

ITI-VE=W( I SDH)

IER= TAN( ANGRY? ) :;=D I FH

IF CE5R.GT.DIFL) :EIAJI=0( ISDH) -liSR

YHIrT=0.

I

188
oa Hl= wT+DIFE

39 IF (H.GT.ni)- i7IIH=El-H

60 m4X=lvT

61 XniN=V( ISD)

62 H2=Hi-Ymri

63 XS= 52^TAI1( ARGHYP

)

64 XSL=0( ISD)-X3

65 IF (XSL.GT.TvT ISD) ) Xriin=XSL

66 SM=IL'W

67 B= 0( ISDTD-XS

63 XSP= ( YFIIN-B) /SI!

69 DLX= ( XMAX:-XIIIID / 10

.

70 X=I2IIR

71 C

72 c AREA OF TRIAITGLE DEFINED BY’ AN < 73 c 74 BO 30 1=1,5

73 X=X+CLX

76 Y=YHIN

77 IF (X.GT.XSP) Y=Sri*X+B

73 YY=YILAX

79 XSP 1 = 0 ( I SD) - ( D I FE::G«VH)

30 IF (X.LT.xspi) i'y=sii-;:X+i

31 SAR= ( YY’-Y) w'= 2:;:DLX+S.^'2l

oO

-35 37

OO

39

90

91

92

93

94

9o

96

X=X+£LX

SO COITTI'^TU^ 17 (IF^.E9..0) 7J)?.0’vXl(rT, inn)=SAIVSR7A7.(IT):::0v~3IX)

IF (IKF.Ea. 1) RLIU^CIII, Iin)=Ii7:;iSAE/E7C3ZI):;:I17GAIl IF (RFClDdl) .EQ.O. .OR. I77.E2. 1) GO TO -iO OT=rT'CT-D'dT)^';T:JIN

\K ISDI^D =fjcl:i( N)

T?B-0.

D IFH=SRrim N) +0 vixm id ^rfchtc id

D IFL= ( OVRLIK IT) -FJ'CLIK ID ) /2

r<FCAFc=Ifr-::X( I soil)

ITJF= 1 GO TO 20

40 RETURN

EITD

189
SUTTACT-J

1o

9

10

1 1 12

13

14

lo

16

17

13

19

20

21

SOL ITE2( 1 ) . K!]:rLEX( 0

)

C FUnCTIOI'T CALCULATES THE PROFGRTIOH 0? BK4H REELECTED ETTERCY EROrl

C A SURFACE AS AH EIU^ONERT I /iL FURCTIOR OF ITS AIIGLE OF IKCIL-EITCE.

FUHCTIOII REFLEX (Ri,R2,AlTG)

C

C

c X=5.

IF (AITG.LE.O.) GO TO 10

G

C EXPONERT GOES FROII 0-3 AS A LINEAR. EURCTION OF THE INCIDENT ANGLE FROK

C 90-0 DEGREES.

IF (ANG.LT. .73) X=5 .-S-S^ANG/. 7803

R3=R2-R1

C

C R3, DIFFERENCE BETT.YEN TOTAL AND BEAN REFLECTED PORTIONS AT N0PFL4L INC

C

C Rl, EEAZi FJIFLECTANCE COEFFICIENT ADDED TO .L3 AiMGLE INCREASES

1 0 REFLEX= Rl +R3:;:EX? ( -X)

RETURN

END

SUNACT-::S0LITE2( 1) .ANG(O)

1

3

9

10

1 1

FUNCTION TO PROVIDE ANGLE AT SURFACE OF REFLECTOR

FUNCTION ANG (ANGIN)

ANG=ANGIIT

IF ( ANGIN. GT.

IF (AITG.LT.O.

RETUFCT

END

,5708)

ANG=0

ANG= ANG- 1 . 5703

190
Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

.r-

.r-

,r»

if* ^

«

co

Cj

c:w

cd

cj

«

com

i:) i

j

ij

tj

lo

lou

rou

1.3

J•

O'

Cl1,^

CJI

J

•- O

O

Cl)

'4

C'

Cl

c;

to

I- O

vO

Co

*Nl

O'

01

CJ

10

^O

vO

U)

*nI 0

>

OI

dc

CO

IJ

O

vO

CO

-1

C'

Cl

itL

CO

tO

-* O

'43

03

'-I C>

Cl

.Iv

CO

rO

- ST7NACT-.':SOLITE2(

G

C

C

C

C

c

c

G

c

c

1) .EOTDTCE(O)

COIPILER (DIAG=3)

SUBKOUTirfS TO DETETrillTS TEE BEAM REFLZCTAiTCS FROE OPPOSITE

SURFACES OmO THE SURFACE ITSELF

SUBROUTiriE BOUECE ( IHR,D,HT1 ,HT2,ST,S3.SLE,CS*v’LZ,SNvEZ,r>3,DriO?A,

2 CLR)

u

CCrEIOE /OVR/ OVRLITC iO) , 0 v*RET( 10) .OVRTTDC 10) ,73R0VR- 10.24) .RFCLIK 10)

2,RFCUT>{ 10) .FJGHTC 10) .FOPJC'CI 10,24) , RH0VR( 10,2,2) ,FJIFG( 10,2) , 3 RTEFCI 10.2,2)

coincri /ST/ ISTS , I , IST. ICST, IU. I VOP , IR. IRO? , wALZC 2 , 2 ), I AZZ( 2 , 24) , 2 IS?(2,24) ,EALFAG(2.2,24) . AITGIIK 2 , 3 , 24)

COrSION /RR/ RFH( 2 , o . 2 , 2; , RFIEK 10,2), RFF( 2,5)

C

C AEG FUNCTION FOR PETEHIIITIITG REFLECTANCE AI7GLE. GT.30 rEGREES.

C ANGIN ANGLE OF INCIDEITCE ON ONE 0? SITJEET CANA'ON SUREACES

C ANGR ANGLE CF INCIDENCE FOR BEACI REFLECTION CA2.CULATIGN

C AI^GN ANGLE OF REFLECT TON FROH ITALL C ETl EOTTOH GF REFLEC'riNGZE-TI

C BT2 ZGTT0I-! OF PFFLZT’ING ZE;NI C CLR PROPORTION OF SNiFACZ, AND REFLECTION DECREIIZNT COEFFICIENT

C FOR SOLilR GAIN ONTO SU:'Fi^CZ

C DROP AIIOUTTP OF DOUBLE REFLECTING BEAZI DROP

c FA cuiiulativt: reflection.

C ni side CF VALL VITE SLTFACZ

C HI? ni rOF. ROOF

C R2 EE I GUT CF TTALL OPPOSITE SURFACE.

C I FLC-SFF, STTFET C.NTYON SURFACE INDiC.lTOR

C I.AZZ SUN INDICATOR, TGZITHER III STTFET AIIIS QUAr-?<AITT( 1) GR OPFCSITS

C lOST SIDE OPPOSITE SUif RECEINVING NALL

C IR ROOF SUTIFACE ON SATIE SIDE ilS 5LEFACE

C IROP ROOF OPPOSITE SURFACE

C ISS SUN SIDE (AFJLAY)

C IST SUN SIDE FALL SLTFACE

C ISTS STREET INDICATOR (FRIIL4RY OR CROSS STREET)

C IN NALL ON SAI-IE SIDE OF STFFET G.ANYON .43 SURFACE

C iNO? W.ALL ON OPPOSITE SIDE OF STREET GAir/ON

C LNl .4H0UNT OF DROP GF PFFLZCTANCE EEATI C IIR SUPFACE TLITERI-AL TYPE INDIC.ATORS

C RFII SURFACE REFLECT! O'lT TZTE NUTIERIC.4L INDIC.ITCR

C RFIDI SURFACE REFLECTION COEFFICIENT ARRAY

C R1 DEFLECTANCE 0? LVEL ITSELF

C R2 FEFLECTANCE OF OPPOSITE NALL

C RG FEFLEGTAT7CE OF STREET

C SET EOTTOH CF SURF.ACE (nZIGIIT)

C SED .AIIOUNT OF NINDON IN ZEAH PJETLEGTANCE

C ST? TCP OF NINDON SUPFACE

G TNIN 'R4NGZNT OF .ANGLE, N0PC14L DROP FROH OPPOSITE PFOF TO SURFAlCE.

0 TPi TOP OF REFLECT.-'JTCE BEAU

G

191
REAL Lril

1

1

= 1

o3

59

60

6 1 62

63

64

63

66

67

63

69

70

71

72

73

76

77

73

79

GO

31

32

33

34

S3

36

37

£3

39

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

93

99

IGO

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

103

109

1 10

1

1

1 1 12

1 13

1 14

1 13

G

C

c

G

C snow BZFLECTION C0EFFICIEITT3 SET

RFrE( 9,1)= RFI'Eil 9,1) «RS

RFI’HCl 9,2)= RFPEK 9 , 2) ^';RS ni=HTl

H2=HT2

ST?=ST

SBT=SB

TNIN=DRO?IJ/D

DR0P=DR0?XS2.

CLR=0.

FA= 1 .

0

III 1 = RF!'IC ISTS, ITfOP, 1,1)

C

C DSTERIlirrE THE SPECULAR REFLSCTAITCE OF SURFACES IIT TEE STREET CATIYOIT C FRGIl TEE AIIOUNT AIID PROPERTIES OF STREET CARYON FACIRG ILATZULALS.

1112= RFIK I STS , I UOP ,2,1)

ARGR=AITG( AIfGIR( ISTS, lUOP, I HR) ) R2= REFLEXC PiFIUR Ml 1 . 1 ) , PcPrEI( III 1,2), ;\UGR) ^’:PcFri( ISTS , lUO? ,1,2) +RSFLEX(

2PR:r\( 1112 , 1 ) , PFIER M12 , 2) , ANGR) -RFIR ISTS , lUO? ,2,2)

IF ( 1-3) 20, 10, 1 10

10 11= 1 I? (IST.EQ.2) n=-l

ST?= D-ST-;:SLIT/'2:;Gi+D/2

5T?=ST?--::TTniT

SB7=SLN:!:'!TTIN

Hl=ni+SET+ST?

I-I2=H2+SBT+ST?

ST?=SLIT

SBT=0.

20 nSTl = RFIK ISTS ,3,1,1)

ri5T2=PFIK ISTS, 3. 2, 1) ANGR= AHG( AHGIIK ISTS , 3 , IBR.) ) R3 = RZFLEE( RFIER II5T 1.1), PJIER IIST 1 , 2 ) . AITGR) I STS ,3,1,2) +REFLZXC R

EFIEK HST2 , 1) , RFIEK TIS72 , 2 ) , AIIGR) PFIK I S PS , 3 . 2 , 2

)

C FrllTEC 23 , 2500) AIIGR, RFIEK IISTl , 1 ) , R3 , BT2 , H2 , DROPX, B

C 2500 FOPuim iX.7F10,2)

IF i;iST-IU) 30,40,30

30 FA=R2

BT2=El-DR0P/2.

IF (BT2.GT.H2) GO TO 109

Hl = r!IN(ni,H2-BR0P)

I? (STP.GT.Hl) ST?=H1

SBT=ST?-SLII

H2=ET2

40 III 1 = RFIK ISTS , lU, 1,1)

H2l = FFri( ISTS, I¥,2. 1)

AIIGR=ArTG)MTGIN( ISTS, 1ST, I HR.) ) R! = REFLEXC PFIEK Ml 1 , 1 ) , PFIEK m 1,2), ,4STGR) :;:RFIK ISTS , I v7, 1,2) +REFLEXC RF

2IEKIX:i, 1) , RFIEK 1121, 2) , AIIGR) 5::RFX( ISTS, 117,2,2)

BT1=E2- DROP/2.

IF (ETl.GT.Hl) GO TO 100

LII1 = H1-BT1

'

192
116 IF ( LIT n-GT. DHCP) LIT 1 = DROP

117 SO ST?F=STP

113 IF (STP.LE.BTl) GO TO 60

1 19 SnD= ( STP-ATL4JI1 ( BTl . SBT) ) /SLII

120 IF ( FA. LT. 1 . ) CLR=CLIl+SHDa:FA

121 IF (SET.GE.BTl) GO TO 70

122 STP=BT1

1 OO 60 BT1= BTl -DROP

124 TP1 = L'T1+BT1

125 IF (TPl .LT.O. . AITD. I.LT.3) GO TO 30

126 IF (ETl. LT.O. .AND. I.LT.3) GO TO 90

127 IF (TPl.LE.G.) GO 70 100

123 FA=FAS:R1:;:R2

129 GO TO (50,70) , 11 130 70 11 = 2

131 GO TO 60

132 80 T?1 = AB3(T?1)

133 90 ET1=A2S(ET1)

134 IF (TPl.GT.O.) TP1=0.

135 FA=RG*FA

136 IF (3ET.GE.BT1.0R.STPP.LE.TP1) GO TO 100

137 ' IF (BTl.LT.STPP) ST??=BT1

133 GLR= CLR+ ( STPP-AI'LLXl ( SBT , TP 1 ) ) /SLIT^FA

139 C NRITE(2o,23Gl) CLR.FA.GTPP

140 C 230 1 F0HriAT( 1 X, OF 1 0 . 2

)

141 100 RSTUPIT

142 no niP=Ei

143 ni = ni+S7?';:TNIN

144 BT2=H2-D?.0?/2

145 iiRi=Rrii': iSTs, 1,1,1)

146 riF^=prii( ISTS, 1,2,1)

147 AIT GR= /iITG ( .\NG I IT ( I STS , I . I ZR) ) 143 IF (IST-IN) 130.120,130

149 120 IF (BT2.GT.H1) GO TO 130

150 clr=fb:flex( 'ifiixc iir.i , d , r.jmic imi , 2) , ^\itgr) ists

15 i 2irp: IIF21 , 1 ) , RITEK IIR2 , 2) , iuTGP,) -RFIK ISTS ,1.2,2)

132 CL* 2 - CL.H 153 GO TO 140

134 180 /'JTGTsAITGC ANGIIK ISTS, HfOP, lER) ) 135 rpr:=Rjri( ists, inop, i , i)

136 IPT2= RFIK I STS , I NOP ,2,1)

157 CL=REFLEX( RFIER IRv 1 . 1 ) . FTTCN IRTl . 2> , ^UTGIO ISTS

.

133 2?TIEi( INv2 , 1 ) , RTIIXC IRv2 , 2 ) , ANGN) ^’;RFII': ISTS , I NO? ,2,2)

139 CLR= CLR-''-CL 160 140 I F ( Sin-TLZ . LT. 1 . ) GLR= CLR-CL 1 :;:CSNLZ/CL?c

161 150 RETURN

162 END

; -rJLZFLZIK riF

, 2) ^RZ71Z:i(

193
STJNACT*SOLITET(

12

3

4

3

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

31

52

33

54

C

Cc

c

c

cc

cc

c

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1) .SUNSID(0)

COMPILER (DIAG=3)

SUBROUTINE TO DETERMINE THE HORIZONTAL RADIATION

COEFFICIENT TO VERTICAL RADIATION ON STREET CANYON

SURFACES. DETERMINES THE SIDE OF STREET SURFACE IS

ON

SUBROUTINE SUNS ID ( ISTFLG, DROP)

COMMON /POS/ SOLAZI 24) , SOLALTI 24) , SOLFACI 5) , COSINCI 24) , DIRCS2C 24)

,

2 DIRCS3(24) ,DN0RAD(24) , ISRT, ISST

COMMON /WAL/ VALAZ( 10) , ¥ALALT( 10) ,STAXIS(2) ,STW1(2) ,STW2<2)

,

2 BLKLEN(2) ,3LKHT(2,2) ,FLGST( 10) , GSVALTC 10) ,SN¥ALT( 10) ,CS¥LAZ( 10) , 3 SNWLAZ( 10)

COMMON /ST/ ISTS, I, 1ST, lOST, IW, lUOP, IR, IROP , VALZ( 2, 2) , IAZZ(2,24)

,

2 ISS(2,24) , VALFAC(2,2,24) . ANGINC 2 , 3 , 24)

DIMENSION SN¥AL(2,2) ,CS¥AL(2,2) ,DR0P(2,24)

DO 60 ISTS= 1 , ISTFLG

DO 60 1=1,3

DO 60 IHR= ISRT, ISST

IF ( 1-2) 10,20,40

ISS( ISTS, IHR)=

1

SNSOLZ=SIN(SOLAZ( IHR)

)

SN¥AL( ISTS, I)=SIN<:¥ALZ( ISTS, I))

CS¥AL( ISTS, I)=COSC¥ALZ( ISTS, I)

)

SRFINC=SN¥AL( ISTS, I)^DIRCS2( IHR)+CS¥AL( ISTS, I)5(«DIRCS3( IHR)

¥ALFAC( ISTS, I, IHR) = . 55+ . 437*J:SRFINC+ . 3 lO^iss^SKFINC IF (SRFINC.lt. -.2) VALFACC ISTS, I, IHR) =.45

IF (SRFINC.GT.0. .OR. I.NE. 1) GO TO 30

ISS( ISTS, IHR) =2

IAZZ( ISTS, IHR) =2

IF (SN¥AL( ISTS, I) .GE.0. .AND. SNSOLZ.lt. SN¥AL( ISTS, I) ) lAZZC ISTS

2, IHR)=

1

GO TO 30

SRFINC=COSINC( IHR)

ANGIN( ISTS, I, IHR)=ACOS(SRFINC)

CONTINUE

DO 70 ISTS= 1 , ISTFLG

DO 70 IHR= ISRT, ISST

IST= ISS( ISTS, IHR)

SNAGIN=SIN( ANGIN( ISTS, 1ST, IHR))

CSAGIN=COS( ANGIN( ISTS, 1ST, IHR))

SNSALT=SIN(SOLALT( IHR) ) ANGHYP=i\SIN( ABS( SNSALT) /SNAG IN)

D=STW1( ISTS)

RANG=D/CSAGIN

RHYP= RANG^SNAG I

N

DROP( ISTS, IHR)=SIN( ANGHYP):»:RHYP

CONTINUE

RETURN

END

194
shttact:;

12

3

4

5

6

7

3

9

10

11

12

13

14

lo

16

17

13

19

20

1

:S0LITE2( 1) .FP?(0)

COnPILER (DIAG=3)

C FTOICTIOIT TO DETEFJIINE THE VIEW FACTOR OF PARALLEL SUPEACZS

c

vV^%W^W*^s*‘^^y *^*vv<V*^*V**V*?* ^***y»»^ »••»*>»**»»*»>*»»» C

c

c

cc

10

cc

FUNCTION FPP (A,B,C)

PI=3. 14159

IF (A.EQ.0. .OR.B.EO.0. .OR.C.EQ.O. ) GO TO 10

AC= ( A««2 >C:;s5is2) 5t'-« . o AB= ( A<’J«2+B:;:wV2) s::;: . 5

FPP= ( 2'.'=B/AB*ATAN( C/AB) +2^C/AC:;:ATA1T( B/AG) ) /P

I

PZITJRII FP?=0.

RETUPGI

END

SUNACT:;:S0LITE2( 1) • FPR(O)

1 GOHPILER (DIAG=3)

o C

3 C FUNCTION TO BETErGlIITE THE VIEW FACTOR 30

4

o

Vi -*''.*'4'* c

6 c

•» c

<-s o FUNCTION FPR (A,B,G)

9 c

10 c

1

1

c

^ o IF ( A.EO. 0. .OR.B.EQ.O. .GR.G.EO. 0. ) GO TO 20

13 PI = C. 141-39

14 AB= ( a:;";:2-.-E::;5.'j2) ’<-->^

.

5

lo AC= ( A'-".':2-!-C:;:*2) . 5

16 FPR= ( ATAIT( G/A) - A/AE:.':ATAIT( G/.A3) ) / P

I

17 ITIITE (2S,10) A,B,C, AB,AC,FPR

13 10 FOFJLiT (1II,6F10.2)

19 RETUTJT

20 20 FPFi.= 0 .

3

21 RETUFu.! 22 END

195
SUTTACT^':S0LI’ni:2( 1 ) . FS??( 0)

12

3

4

3

6

7

r>O

9

10

1

1

12

13

14

13

16

17

13

19

20

21oo

10

COIIPILEP. (DIAG=3)

SUEROUTIITE DETEFTIIITES THE VIEV7 FACTOR TO A SURFACE TEAT IS ITOT PERPEITDICULAR OR PARALLEL. ARGLE OF SURFACE TO VIEI.IED SURFACE IS

BETUEER 0 ATJD 90 DEG.

FURCTION FSPP ( THETA, A, B, C)

PI=3. 14159

AB= ( A;..S:2-!-Bi.’"-2) . 3

AC= ( A^'".':2-i-C:.”";:2) . 5

FSFP= ( -2:.-SIIK THETA) ^-( E/ABFAT.\N( C/AB) +C/AC:;sATAIT( 2/AG)

v.TaTE (29,10) THETA, A, B,C, A3, AC, FSPP

FORILAT (iH,7F11.3)

FLTURR

EITD

)/PI

STJTTAGT>:<S0LITE2( 1) .FSFR(O)

12

3

4

5

6

i3

9

10

1 1 12

13

14

13

16

17

13

19

20

21oo

c

C

c

cc

cc

c

c

c

G

GGIIPILSIl (D^^G-3)

FUTTCTIOI? DETERTIIREs'^VIEU FACTOR FROn A SURFACE TO AROTHER

TEAT ILAIHIS A GREATER THAI! 90 DEG. ARGLE RITE IT, LESS THAIT ISO DEG.

FURCTIOIT FSPR ( THETA, A, B, G)

PI=3. 14159

AC= ( A-.';;2+C^':^-2) , 3

AB= ( A:;"'.:2-^E-“.''-2) . 5

COST= COS (THETA)

SIIu = SIII(TIIETA)

FS?R= ( ATARI C.-;:G0S7/A) -( A-;:CCST

2( A-TAR(

FLTUFal

ERD

:ta)

B^**S liTT) /" AB'«*riTAIT( G/^Lj) •i'C’i'i 'AO -AT.iR( B/AC) ) ) /P

I

' iI7^/AC^'R ATAR

196
APPENDIX E

USTING OF THE DAUTE PROGRAM

The programs are listed in the following order

1. SKYLUM

Page

198

2. SUNLIT 199

3. CLRSKY 200

4. OVRSKY 201

5 . RMLITE 202

6. SF 204

7. EOF 205

8. BCF 206

9. IRC 207

10. BWF 208

11 . BCVF 209

197
SDNACT*DALITE1( 1)

12 G

3 C

4 C

5

6 C

7 C

8 G

9 G

10 G

11 G

12 G

13 G

14 G

15 G

16 G

17 G

18 G

19 G

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42 _ 43

.SKYLUTK 1)

SUBROUTINE SKYLUM ( ISUHF)

GOMflON /SINGOS/ GSSUWI , GSSALT, SNSALT

TO CALGULATE THE AVE SKY LUMINANCE AS SEEN THRU- WINDOW

SUNALT=SOLAR ALTITUDE ANGLE (DEGREES ABOVE HORIZON)

SUNAZ = SOLAR AZIMUTH ANGLE (DEGREES FROM SOUTH)

LOCALT= LOCATION ALTITUDE (FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL)

BETA = HAZINESS FACTOR: RURAL= 0 . 05 URBAN=0. 10 INDUSTRIAL=0. 20

WINAZ = WINDOW AZIMUTH ANGLE (DEGREES FROM SOUTH)

CC = CLOUD COVER (CLEAR=0 PERFECTLY OVERCAST= 10)

SKYLUM=SKY LUMINANCE @ WINDOW CENTROID ( FOOTLAMBERTS)

CLRSKY= CLEAR SKY LUMINANCE

OVRSKY=OVERCAST SKY LUMINANCE

SUNLIT=DIRECT SUN ILLUMINANCE

COMMON /DLT/ FLGDLT, ZSLITE( 10, 30) , DLTDL( 10, 3) , DLTDHL( 10, 3)

,

2 DLTDHG(10,3)

SUNALT=ZSLITE( ISURF,21)

SUNAZ=ZSLITE( ISURF,22)

LOCALT=ZSLITE( ISURF.23)

CC=ZSLITE( ISURF,24)/10.

WINAZ=ZSLITE( ISURF, 19)

W=ZSLITE( ISURF, 13)

H=ZSLITE( ISURF. 14)

W1=ZSLITE( ISURF, 15)

H1=ZSLITE( ISURF, 16)

D=ZSLITE( ISURF, 17)

AAA= ABS( SUNAZ-WINAZ)

IF(AAA.GT. ISO. )AAA=ABS( AAA-360.)

AA=( ABS( AAA) ):»:3. 14159/180.

GSSUWI = COS (A4)

SUNALD=SUNALT*3. 14159/180.

CSSALT=COS( SUNALD)

SNSALT= S I N( SUNALD)

SKYLIT=CLRSKY( SUNALT, H, HI , D, W, W1 ) :»:( 1 . -CC) +OVRSKY( SNSALT) *CC

SKYLUM=SKYLIT+SUNLIT( SUNALT, AA, LOCALT, H, W, D) *( 1

. -CC)

ZSLITE( ISURF, 26)= SKYLUM

RETURN

END

I

198
SUKACT*DALITE1( 1) .STJWLIT(O)

1 FUNCTION SUNLIT ( SUNALT, AA, LOCALT, H, W, D)

2 G

4 C

o COMMON /SINCOS/ CSSUWI , CSSALT, SNSALT

6

7a

9

10

1112

13

14

13

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

33

54

55

C

C SUBROUTINE TO CALCULATE THE DIRECT SUN CONDITIONS

C

C WATER = WATER VAPOR CONTENT IN ATMOSPHERE! ASSUMED CONST 9 2.0CM)

C . EX = EXTRATERRESTRIAL ILLUMINANCE NORMAL TO SUN ( FOOT-CANDLES)

C SUNLIT=DIRECT SUNLIGHT INCIDENT ON SPECIFIED SURFACE ( FOOT-CANDLES

C SUNLUM= DIRECT LUMINANCE OF THE SOLAR DISC

C T =TURBIDITY FACTOR

G

REAL M

C ASSUMES A CLEAN ENVIRONMENT (TO BE A VARIABLE IN

BETAS 0.05

WATERS 2.0

SUNLIT=0.0

PIs3. 14159

C CONVERTS LOGALT TO KILOMETERS

LOCALTs LOCALT* . 000348

C ASSUMES VERTICAL GLAZING

PsPI/2.

W2=W/2

PHI=ATAN(W2/D)

C

C ALGORITHM TO DETERMINE IF DIRECT SUN IS VISIBLE

C

IF (AA.GT.PHI) GO TO 50

PSI=ATAN(H/D)

SUNALD=SUNALT:»P 1/ 180

.

IF (SUNALD.GT.PS I) GO TO 50

T=( (SUNALT+85. )/( 39. 5s:EXP(-WATER) +47.4) +0. l)+( 16 . +0 . 225CWATER) stBETA

C

C ALGORITHM TO DETERMINE THE AEROSOL FACTOR

C

IF (BETA-0. 10) 10,20,30

10 AL=0. 1512-O.0262*T

GO TO 40

20 AL=0. 1632-0. 021 5*T

GO TO 40

30 AL=0.2021-0.0193:^T

40 M=( l.-LOCALT*:0. 1)*( 10. 0 1+( ( SUNALT-5 . ) /( - 1 . 217+( ( SUNALT- 1 1 . ) /( -10,

0

234+( (SUNALT-24.5)/( 150. 343+( SUNALT-40. ) / 1 . 821 ) ) ) ) ) )

)

C

C ALGORITHM TO DETERMINE THE SOLAR LUMINANCE 3 ILLUMINANCE

C

C EXTRATERRESTRIAL RADIATION ( FOOT-CANDLES)

EX= 12176.0

C FOR PXPI/2. COSJ=COS(P)=KSNSALT+SIN(P)*CSSALT*CSSUWI

COSJ-CSSALT^CSSUWI

SUNLIT=EX*EXP( -AL^M*T) *COSJ

50 RETURN

END

199
STJWACT^DALITEK

12

3

4

3

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

13

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

23

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

10

20

1).CLBSKY(0)

FUircTION CLBSKy ( SUITALT, H,H1 ,D, ¥, ¥1)

COMMON /SINCOS/ CSSUVI , CSSALT, SNSALT

SUBROUTINE TO CALCULATE THE AVERAGE CLEAR SKY LUMINANCE

ZLUM = ZEN I'm SKY LUMINANCE ( FOOTLAMBERTS)

AZ . =AZIMUTH ANGLE BETWEEN SUN AND VIEW POINT OF GLAZING

THETA = ALTI TUBE ANGLE OF GLAZING VIEW POINT

GAMA =SOLID ANGLE BETI^EEN SUN AND GLAZING VIEW POINT

PI=3. 14139

A0=0.8410

Al=0.0011

ZLUM= ( A0+Al:#:SUNALT>cSUNALT) *29 1 .

9

IF (H1.GT.0.) GO TO 10

THETA=0 . 3*ATAN( H/D)

STHETA= S I N( THETA)

CTHETA=COS( THETA)

GO TO 20

THETA= 0 . 3*ATAN( ( H+Hl ) /D) +ATANC Hl/D)

CTHETA= COS ( THETA)

STHETA= S I N( THETA)

CSGAMA= STHETA*SNSALT+CTHETA*CSSALT*CSSUWI

GAMA= ACOS ( CSGAMA)

CLRSKY=ZLUM*( 0.910+10. *EXP( -3*GAMA) +0 . 43*CSGAMA*CSGAMA) *( 1 ,-EXP( -0

2. 32/STHETA) ) /( 0 . 27385* ( 0. 9 1+ 10 . *EXP( -3*( 90. -SUNALT) ) +0 . 45*SNSALT*S

3NSALT)

)

RETURN

END

200
SDWACT*DALITE1 ( 1 ) . OVRSm 0)

FUITCTION 0VBSK7 (SRSALT)

10

C

c **:)i:ii:K*:K***rK*:t:T.***:ti**»*»»*********^t:*=t»******^^

G

C FUNCTIOW TO CALCULATE THE AVERAGE OVERCAST SKY LUMINA2TCE

C BASED ON CIE STANDARD OVERCAST SKY

C OVRSKY= OVERCAST SKY LUMINANCE @41.8 DEGREES

OVRSKY= ( 0 . 123+8. 6:KSNSALT) *227 . 0982

RETURN

END

201
SUNACT*DALITE1( 1)

12 G

3 C

4 C

3 C

6 C

7 C

3 C

9 C

10 C

11 C

12 C

13 C

14 C

15 C

16 C

17 C

18 G

19 G

20 G

21 G

22 G

23 G

24 C

25 C

26 G

27 C

28 C

29 G

30 C

31 G

32 C

33 G

34 G

33 G

36

37

38

39

40

41

42 C

43

44 G

45

46 C

47

48

49

30

31

32

33

54

33

56

37

33

39

60

61

62

63

64

63

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

•HMLITEl 1)

SUBROUTINE IWLITE ( ISUHF, ID)

TO GOPIPUTE DAYLIGHT ILLUMINATION

D= DISTANCE OF THE REFERENCE POINT FROM THE WINDOW, FT.

WA= WINDOW AREA, SQ. FT.

A= ROOM INTERNAL SURFACE AREA

RX= REFLECTANCE OF EXTERNAL OBSTRUCTION

RFW= AVERAGE REFLECTANCE FACTOR OF THE LOWER HALF OF TEE ROOM

RCW= AVERAGE REFLECTANCE FACTOR OF THE UPPER HALF OF THE ROOM

RAVE= AVERAGE REFLECTANCE OF THE ENTIRE ROOM

W= WINDOW WIDTH, FT.

H= WINDOW HEIGHT, FT.

HL = PROJECTED HEIGHT OF OBSTRUCTION ON WINDOW

HX = HEIGHT OF OBSTRUCTION FROM WORK PLANE

DX = DISTANCE OF OBSTRUCTION FROM WINDOW

RMH=ROOM HEIGHT

RML=ROOM LENGTH

PJlW=ROOM WIDTH

W1 = DISTANCE FROM EDGE OF WINDOW TO PERP. REFERENCE LINE

HI =SILL HEIGHT ABOVE WORK PLANE

WINLP= WINDOW LOCATION POINT(DIST FROM RIGHT EDGE OF WINDOW

TO LEFT EDGE OF WINDOW-WALL)

RG = GROUND REFLECTANCE

ISKY= TYPE OF SKY

DAYLTE= INDOOR ILLUMINATION

SC = SKY COMPONENT, PERCENT

ERG = EXTERNALLY REFLECTED COJIPONENT, PERCENT

IRC = INTERNALLY REFLECTED COMPONENT, PERCENT

SKYLUM = SKY LUMINANCE <541.8 DEGREES (AVERAGE WINDOW LUMINANCE)

B = CORRECTION FACTOR FOR GLAZING BARS

M = MAINTENANCE FACTOR OF GLAZING

COMMON /DLT/ FLGDLT,ZSLITE( 10,30) ,DLTDL( 10,3) .DLTDHLC 10,3)

,

2 DLTDHG(10,3)

COMMON /R^H./ SC( 10,3) ,ERC( 10,3) ,XIRC( 10,3)

REAL M

PI=3. 14159

RX=ZSLITE( ISURF.2)

WALL REFLECTANCE

RWL=ZSLITE( ISURF.3)

CEILING REFLECTANCE

RCN=ZSLITE( ISURF,4)

FLOOR REFLECTANCE

RFL= ZSL ITE( I SURF , 5

)

M=ZSLITE( ISURF.6)

B=ZSLITE( ISURF.7)

HX=ZSLITE( ISURF,8)

DX=ZSLITE( I SURF, 9)

ALPHA=ZSLITE( ISURF,9)

RMH=ZSLITE( ISURF, 10)

RML=ZSLITE( ISURF, 11)

RMW=ZSLITE( ISURF. 12)

W=ZSLITE( ISURF, 13)

H= ZSL ITE( ISURF, 14) _ - _ W1=ZSLITE( ISURF, 15)

H1=ZSLITE( ISURF, 16)

D=ZSLITE( ISURF, 17)

WINLP=ZSLITE( ISURF, 18)

SKYLUM=ZSLITE( ISURF, 26)

RG=ZSLITE( ISURF, 20)

WA=W:):H

HL=HX*D/(D+DX)

IF ( TTT. gT H) HLH

A=2 . «( ( RML^RMH) +( RML^RMW) +( RME^RMW) ) FRAC=((Hl+2.5)+( .55CH))/RMH

ACN=RMW*RML

AWL= ( RML^isRMH) +2*( RMW+RMH)

RCW= ( AWL^( 1 . 0-FRAC) :*:RWL+ACN:):RCN) /( AWL*( 1 . 0-FRAC) +ACN)

RFW= ( AWL5»:FRACMsRWL+ACN*RFL) /( AWL-'ftFRAC+ACN)

RAVE= ( AWL^fsRWL+ ACN:CRFL+ACN^RCN) /( AWL+ACN+ACN)

SC( ISURF, ID)=0.

IF CHL.GE.H) GO TO 10

SC( ISURF, ID)=SF(W,H,W1.H1,HL,HH,D)

202
77

78

79

89

8t

I riDe-'C1». (I • T

•,»

19 ERC( ISURF, ID)=E0F(W,H,¥1,H1,HL,HH.D)»RX

CALL IRC (W,H,W1,H1,HL,WINLP,RMH,HML,RM¥,R¥L,RCR,RFL,RAVE,A,XIRC( I 2SURF, ID) ,SKYLUM.RG,RX)

RETURN

END . Ji

U

t J ^isa

n I

. . n "

l-i

'

‘ W -w ^ V

tUi.aT.v

^ ¥7 . L"; , ..

i}iw lectA ' fiir)6!aA

DG

9L- o; 't;

O'.. . 9,Ti-i . l;> : i.iy ,v ,£B ,vr O' . ,iT! , O' V ' \j:, OV' - ' <u , iAV vrDn «tr. i . f. T.: .j.v ) 1

1

til S:..?-' D' 'T .7i7!...D' - '

.<4kr- ;“

.kr>' ' i: n-“<a..sai,A!w o

.

'r • •iC't-'n'-: •

. *r.r(gVA'W'

.TJU-<a.SU, • itw»»

D?»' .'I'-’ •• ' " rnrwi . <j: < .*’0 r ...

s.;iv'

W< ',

'S-,

. 9 uiM

203
SUNACT*DALITE1( 1) .SF(0)

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

10

20

30

FUNCTION SF (W,H,W1,H1,HL,HH,D)

SF SKY FACTOR FOR A POINT IN THE ROOM

H2=H1+H

HH=HL+H1

¥4=W1+W

W1A=ABS(¥1)

¥4A=ABS(¥4)

IF (HH.GE.H2) GO TO 30

IF (¥1.GT.0.) GO TO 20

IF (¥1.LT.0.) GO TO 10

SF= BCF( ¥, H2 , D) -BCF( ¥, HH, D)

GO TO 30

IF (¥4.LT.0.) SF=BCF(¥1A,H2,D)-BCF(¥4A,H2,D)“BCF(¥1A,HH,D)+BCF(¥4A

2 * HH« 01

SF=BCF(¥4,H2,D)+BCF(¥1A,H2,D)-BCF(¥4,HH,D)-BCF(¥1A,HH,D)

GO TO 30

SF= BCF( ¥4 , H2, D) -BCF( ¥1 , H2 , D) -BCF( ¥4 , HH, D) +BCF( ¥1 , HH, D)

RETURN

END

204
STOACTSDALITEl

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1112

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

C

C

C

C

c

10

20

30

22

( 1) .EOF(O)

FUnCTIOW EOF (W,H,W1,H1,HL,HH,D)

EOF = EXTER5AL OBSTRUCTION FACTOR

H2=H1+H

HH- HLi't'Hl W4=¥l+W

W1A=ABS(¥1)

W4A=ABS(¥4)

IF (Wl.GT.O) GO TO 10

IF (Wl.LT.O) GO TO 20

EOF=BCF( ¥, HH, D) -BCF( W, HI , D)

GO TO 30

EOF=BCF( W4 , HH. D) -BCF( ¥1 , HH, D) -BCF( ¥4 , HI , D) +BCF( ¥1 , HI , D)

GO TO 30

IF (¥4.LT.O.) E0F=BCF(¥1A,HH,D)-BCF(¥IA,H1,D)-BCF(¥4A,HH,D)+BCF(¥4

2A,H1,0)

EOF=BCF( ¥4. HH, D) +BCF( ¥1 A, HH. D) -BCF( ¥4 , HI , D) -BCF( ¥1A, HI , D)

RETURN

END

205
SOTTACI^DALITEK 1)

12 C

.BCF(0)

FUWCTION BCF (¥,H,D)

3 C

4 G

5 C

6 C

7 C

BCF = BASIC GEOMETRIC FACTORS BETWEEN THE OVERCAST SKY AND

THE HORIZONTAL INTERIOR ILLUMINATION ; WALSH’S EQUATION

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

PI=3. 14159263

X=W/D

Y=H/D

A=SQRT( 1 . +Y*Y)

B=SQRT( 1 . +X*X+Y*Y)

BCF= ( 3^( ATANC X) -ATAN( X/A) /A) +4:R( ATANC X*Y/B) -»t:Y/A/A/B) ) / 14 . /P

I

RETURN

END

] 206
SIWACT»:DALITE1( 1) . IRC( 1)

12

3

4

3

6

7

8

9

10

1112

13

14

13

16

17

18

19

20

21

SUBROCTIRE IRC (W,H,W1 ,H1 ,BL,¥HTLP,RMH,RML.RMW,R>?L,RCR,RFL,RAVE, A. 2 XIRC,SKYLUM,RG,RX)

VINLP=WINDO¥ LOCATION POINT

RMH =ROOM HEIGHT

RML =ROOM LENGTH

RM¥ =ROOM ¥IDTH

R¥L = REFLECTANCE OF ¥ALL

RCN =REFLECTANCE OF CEILING

RFL = REFLECTANCE OF FLOOR

NOTE: ¥INIK)¥S ARE ASSUMED TO BE ONLY ALONG THE LONGER ¥ALL

REAL MOVE,MDVEA

RML2=RML/2

RMl/2=RM¥/2

HH=H1+HL

HH2= HH+3 .

3

H2=H+H1

H3=H2+3.3

22

23

24

23

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

33

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

48

44

43

46

47

48

49

50

31

32

53

34

33

36

37

H4=RMH-HH2

H5=RMH-H3

H6=H+H5

H7=Hl-i-3.5

¥2=¥INLP-¥

¥3=RML2-¥2

M0VE=¥INLP-RML2

MOVEA= ABS( MOVE)

ZERO=0.

C SINCE ¥INDO¥ ¥ALL HAS LITTLE REFLECTED LIGHT

FLUX1=0

BCF2=B¥F( H2 , WINLP , RMW2) -B¥F( H2, ¥2, RM¥2) -B¥F( HH, ¥INLP , *( 1 . -RX)

2+BWF( HH, ¥2 , RM¥2) *( 1 . -RX) +B¥F( HI , ¥INLP , RM¥2) HX) +B¥F( HI , ¥2 , RM¥2) *(

3RX)

FLUX2= BCF2»R¥L:«RM¥*RMH

IF (¥INLP.LT.RML2) GO TO 10

BCF3=BCFV( ¥, H2 , RM1V2, MOVE) -BCFV( ¥, HH, RM¥2 , MOVE) . -RX) -BCFV( ¥, HI , R

2M¥2,MOVE)*(RX)

GO TO 20

10 BCF3= BCFV( ¥3 , H2 , RM¥2 , ZERO) -BCFVC MOVEA, H2 , RM¥2 , ZERO) +BCFV( MOVEA. HH,

2RM¥2 , ZERO) *( 1 . -RX) -BCFV( ¥3 , HH, RM¥2 , ZERO) 1 . -RX) -BCFY( ¥3 , HI , RM¥2 , Z

3ERO) RX) +BCFV( MOVEA, HI , RM¥2 , ZERO) *( RX)

20 FLUX3=BCF3:cR¥L*RML^RMH

C SINCE SIDE ¥ALLS ARE ASSUMED SYMMETRICAL

FLUX4=FLUX2

IF (¥INLP.LT.RML2) BGF5=B¥F( ¥3, H4, RM¥2) 1

. -RX) -B¥F( MOVEA, E4,RM¥2)

2*( 1 . -RX) -B¥F( ¥3 , H5 , RH¥2) +B¥F( MOVEA, H3 , RM¥2) +B¥F( ¥3 , H6 , RM¥2) *( RX) -B

3¥F ( MOVEA, H6 , RM1«! ) ^ ( RX)

IF (¥INLP.Ea.RML2) BCF5=B¥F( ¥, H4, RMl^) *( 1

. -RX) -B¥F( ¥, H5 , RM¥2) +B¥F(

2¥, H6 , RM¥2) «( RX)

IF (¥INLP.GT.RML2) BCF5=B¥F( MOVEA, H4, RM¥2) 1

. -RX) +B¥F( ¥3, H4, RM¥2)

1 . -RX) -B¥F( ¥3 , H5 , RM¥2) -B¥F( MOVEA. H3 , RMI^2) +B¥F( ¥3 , H6 , RM¥2) *( RX) +B

3¥F( MOVEA, H6 , RM¥2) *( RX)

FLU5S= BCF5*RCN:CRML«RM¥*RG

IF (VINLP.LT.RML2) BCF6=B¥R ¥3, H3, RM¥2) -B¥F( MOVEA, H3, RM¥2) +BW( MOV

2EA.HH2.RM¥2):t:( I

. -RX) -B¥FC ¥3, HH2, RM¥2) *( 1. -RX)-B¥F( ¥3 , H7 , RM¥2) *( RX)

38 , 59

60

61

62

63

64

63

66

67

END PRT'

3+B¥F( MOVEA, H7, RM¥2) RX)

IF (¥INLP.EQ.RML2) BCF6=B¥F( ¥, H3, RM¥2) -B¥F( ¥, HH2,RM¥2) *( 1

. -RX) -3¥F

2(¥,H7,RM¥2)*(RX)

•F (¥INLP.GT.RML2) BCF6=B¥F(¥3,H3,RM¥2)-B¥F(¥3,HE2,RMW2):C( 1 .-RX)-B

2¥F( MOVEA, HH2, RM¥2) *( 1 . -RX) +B¥F( MOVEA, H3 , RM¥2) -B¥F( ¥3 , H7 , RM¥2) *( RX)

3-B¥F( MOVEA, H7 . RM¥2) RX)

FLUX6= BCF6*RFL:^RML*RM¥

XIRC= ( FLUX1+FLUX2+FLUX3+FLUX4+FLUX5+FLUX6) /A/( 1-RAVE)

RETURN

END

207
SUWACT^DALITEK 1) .BW(0)

FTJWCTION BW (lf,H,D)

C

C

C BVF = WINDOW FACTOR; HIGBIE’S EQUATION FOR HORIZ. ILLUMINATION FR

C

PI=3. 14159263

A=SQRT(D*D+Hsf:H)

BWF= ( ATAN( W/D) -D/A*ATAN( W/A) ) /2. /P

I

10 RETURN

IL END

II

ii

u

\

208
SUNACrrsDAL ITE 1(1). BCFV( 0)

Vu_-

12

3

4

5

6

7a

9

10

1112

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

C

C

C

C

C

C

10

20

FUNCTION BCFV (W,H,D,MOVE)

BCFV=BASIC CONFIGURATION FACTOR BETWEEN A VERTICAL WINDOW

AND A VERTICAL PLANE

REAL MOVE

PI=3. 14159263

D2=Dj*:D

A=SQRT( D2+MDVE:*:M0VE)

B=SQRT( D2+H!»:H)

C=SQRT( D2+( MOVE-W) **2) E=SQRT( D2+W:W)

IF (MOVE.Ea.0.) GO TO 10

BCFV= ( MOVE/A*ATAN( H/A) +H/B*ATAN( W*B/< BS:B+D2-W*M0VE) ) +( W-MOVE) /G*AT

2AN(H/C) )/2./PI

GO TO 20

BCFV> ( H/B»ATAN( W/B) +W/E*ATAN( H/E) ) /2 . /P

I

RETURN

END

209
APPENDIX F

1224

1225

1226

1227

1228

1229

1330

1231

1 23 2 1233

1334

1335

1336

1237

1338

1339

1340

1341

1342

1343

1344

1345

1346

134 7

1248

1349

1350

1351

1252

1353

1354

1355

1356

1257

1358

1359

1360

1361

1362

1363

1364

1365

136 6

1367

1368

1369

1370

1271

1272

1273

1274

1375

1376

1377

1278

NBSLD WEATHER DATA DECODE PROGRAM

SCieRCUTINE CECOOE < WPOSX • WLONGX • ^UM• OUTPUT t MM. Y P , MO* DAY. LOG AL ) C

c «4«*4«*4««4**«««**««««t*«*4i**«*««*««*«*4*4«*«*«4i«*»*«*4t*««*«« «««*«*

c

C THIS StSROUTINE PRODUCES HOURLY DATA OF UP TO 10 WEATHER

C parameters for a given YEAR. mo AND DATE

C TAPE PCSOTION FOR EACH OF TEN PARAMETERS ARE

c parameters WPOSX WLONGX

c WIND SPEED 13 3 c WIND OIRECTICN 11 2 c DRY-BULB TEMP 16 3 c WET-BULB TEMP 19 3 c DEW-POINT TEMP 22 3 c BAROMETRIC PRESS 34 4

c TOTAL CLOUD AMOUNT 43 1 c OPAQUE CLOUC COVER 44 1 c PRECIPITATION(LIQU ID) 68 2

c PRECIPITATION(FHZ

)

70 3 c TAPE PCSITICN CN TAPE 280

c SOLAR DATA 14 4 c ELEVATION ANGLE 18 2 c TOTAL CLCUO 42 1 c 1ST LAVER TYPE OF CLOUD 46 1 c YR YEAR

c MO MONTH

c DAY DAY

INTEGER IPS( 24) • ICHARC2000) • WPOS * WLONG.OUTPUT ( 2 4 * 1 0 ) . YR. DAY . WORD*

2 WOROX < 20 ) « WPOSX (10) • WLONGX ( 10 ) . TAPE 1 * T APE2

COMMON TAPEl .TAPE2.N01 .N02 * I NPUT (1 1 00

)

lASSslOOOOOO

IF (MM.NE.O) GO TO 90

DO 10 Ial.4

CALL »0 (0)

DO 10 JJ>1«498

KK34984( I-l )7JJ

10 ICHAR(KK)«INPUT( JU)

DO 20 Isl.iS

IWxICHAR(l)

CALL WOX (IW)

20 ICHAR(I)sIW

YR=ICHAR(10)4104ICHAR( 11)41900

MQsICHAR( 1 2) *104ICHAR( 13)

DAYS ICHAR( 14)4 1041 CHAR ( 15)

L0CAL=ICHAR(9)

IPWRsl

DO 30 1=1.4

IPWRsIPWR* 10

30 L0CALXLCCAL4 ICHAR(9-I)*1PWR

DO 80 KUsl.NUM

WPCSsWPOSX (KU)

WLCNGxWLCNGX (KU)

DO 40 1=1.6

IPS< I)*154WP0S480*( I-l

)

DO 40 J=l*3

I I=I4J *6

210
137S 40 IPS( I {}« IPS( l)-fj*498

1380 00 70 I«l,24

1381 KXalPSd)

1382 KL«KI-<>«lCN6-1

1383 OO SO L2SKI.KL

1384 I W« I CHAP (1.2)

1388 CALL ttOX (IM)

1386 50 ICHAR(L2)»IW

138'» LQNG««LCKG-1

1388 IF (1CHAR(KX).SQ.IASS.AN0*«L0NG.GT.1 ) L0NGs«L0NG>2

1389 WOROsACS ( I CHAR ( KL )

)

1390 IF (LCNG.EC.O) GC TO 70

1391 IP«R«1

1392 DC 60 JK»1 tLONG

1393 XP«P«IP«R410

1394 60 «ORD3WORO-»>ICHAR( KL-JK) *IPWR

1395 IF ( ICHAR ( KL ) .LT . 0 I VI0R0=-W0R0

1396 7C 0UTPUT( I •KU)3W0R0

1397 80 CONTINUE

1398 60 TO 240

1399 C

1400 90 CALL WO (1)

1401 JZ-0

1402 00 100 Jal*991«66

1403 JXsJ

1404 JZ=JZ+1

1405 IW=IKPUT( J)

1406 CALL WOX (IW)

1407 IF (IW.NE.IASS) GO TO 110

1408 100 continue

1409 1 10 IF (JX.LT.991) GO TO 130

1410 00 120 KUslvKUM

141 1 00 120 Jsl.24

1412 120 OUTPUT! J.KU)=I ASS

1413 GO TO 24 0

1414 c 1415 130 JY=JX420

1416 00 140 IsJX.JY

1417 IW=INPUT( I

)

141 e CALL WOX ( IW)

1419 140 ICHAR( I )al

W

1420 YRsICHARI JX-t-5)4l04lCHAR( JX-i'Ol't-lOOO

1421 0 AY= ICHAR <JX+9) 4 104 ICHAR < JX+ 10)

1422 HQ=1CHAR< JX47)4104 ICHAR< JX48)

1423 IF (OAY.GT.O) go to 150

1424 lYaAESCDAY)

1425 IF ( IY.lt. 20) OAY=OAY+20

1426 IF (IY.GE.20) 0AY=OAY440

1427 150 continue

1428 LCCALsICHARC JX44)

1429 IPWR=1

1430 OC 160 I>1*4

1421 IPWRxIP«R«tO

1432 IF ( ICHAR< JX44-I ).GT.O ) GO TO 160

1432 LOCALxI ASS

1434 GO TO 170

1435 160 LOCAL=LCC AL4 ICHAR ( JX44- I )* IPWR

1426 170 CONTINUE

1437 IHR=34JZ

1438 IF (WPCS.EO.O) GC TO 240

1439 00 230 KUxl.NUM

1440 WPCSaWPCSX (KU)

144 1 WLONGxWLONGXI KU)

211
14A2 00 180 Is It 24

1443 1 80 OCTPOTI I,KU)sO

1444 00 210 1=1 1 16

144S Kl=4P0S4-66*< I-l ) 1446 KLsKI4\HU0NG>1

00 190 L2=KItKL.

1448 IWsINPUT(L2)

1449 CALL WOX (IN)

1450 150 ICHAR<L2)=1 W_

1451 LCNGs«t_CN6«l

1452 IF ( ICHARIKX ) .EQ.IASS.ANOtWLONG.GT.l ) LONGsWLONG-2

1453 WOROsICHARIKI.)

1454 IF (LCNG.EC.O) GO TO 210

1455 IPHRsl

1456 IPItRsIPliR^lO

1457 00 200 JKsltLCNG

1458 IF '< ICHARIKI.) tUT.O) W0RD=-W0R0

1459 200 WOROs«ORC-«>ICHAR(KU*JK} 4IPWR

1460 210 WOROXI I )sWORO

1461 00 220 1=1.16

1462 KK=I+3

1«62 220 OUTPOT(KKtKU)=WOROX( I)

1464 230 continue

1465 240 RETURN

1466 C

1467 END

212
DECODE PROGRAM FOR WEATHER DATA STRUCTURES CONFORMING TO

DOE-2 DATA BLOCK STRUCTURE, (developed by Lawrence E. Flynn)

aeuT

cc

c

•SI SCNACT*CLIHAT(1 ) .CEThR* •• 2457131 12220«000S0000000t

SUeRCCTlNE GEThR ( IF 1RST« IMRTH* lOAY* IHR

1

•V4444444444444444444444444444444*********************************

COFtiCN /OAY/ to AWN (12), tOUSK ( 12) •NOAYl 12) • RLATO •RLONG«TZN «TPl.ATO«

2 TPLCK6.TPT2N

CCNWCK /CCMHR/ IWO 10(5 )• 1 »YR« LRECX* NUMOAYt TGRNO

COMFCN /OAYOAT/ C8T (24

)

•0PT( 24) • WBT( 24 ) • WSP( 24 ) • «OR< 24) •aPR(24)«

2 RHT(24)«R0N(24)»CCT(24)»TaC(24)* 1S(24) «XR(24)

THIS SU8RCUT1NE UNPACKS ONE HOUR

WEATHER FILE (TWO CO BIT OR FOUR

OF A PACKED OQE-N

30 BIT WORDS PER HOUR).

c WET BULB TEMP DEG F HUMIDITY RATIO"

c DRY BULB TEMP OEG F DENSITY LBM/FT3

c ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN HG ENTHALPY BTU/LBM

c CLOUD AMCLKT TENTHS SOLAR RADIATION BTU/FT2

c SNOW FLAG (UNUSED) 0 OR 1 DIRECT SOLAR BTU/FT2

c RAIN PLAG(UNUSEO) 0 OR 1 CLOUD TYPE CODE 1-9

c WIND OIRECTICN NORTH-1 -16 PTS WIND SPEED KNOTS

CCMWCN /FILTYP/ IMS IZ» IWSCL* IFX* IOAT( 1536

)

LOGICAL lECF.IFIRST

OIMEKSXCN

OXMENSICN

IMASKC 16*2) • ICALC( 16) •XMASK(16t2) •L00K(14)

ICAT30(1S36) •ICAT60(768)t lOATOC 1488)

C

EQUIVALENCE ( lOATC 1 )• 10AT30 ( 1 ) ) • ( lOAT ( 1 ) • I0AT60I 1 ) ) • (lOAT(l).

2 lOATC(D)

C

DATA I MASK /2SE* 255* 25S« 1 S» !• !• IS* 1023« 127*51 1*511* 511* 15*127* 0*0*

2 a f 16. 24 *28 *29 *30 *34 ,44* 5 1*0* 39* 48* 53* 0*0*0/

data XMASK /-99*0*-99*0*1S*0*0*0*0*0*0*0* 1 *0*0*0*0*02*-30*0*0*0*

2 0*Q*0*0«0*0*0*0*10.0* 1*0* 1*0*0*1*1 *0*1 *0* 1 *0*1 *0*0*000 1 .0*00 1 .O.

5

3*1*0*1*0*1*0»1»C*0*C*0« 0/

c

C LRECX TELLS HCW MANY RECORDS HAVE BEEN READ

IF (*NCT*IFIRST) 6C TO 10

XFtflSTa.FALSE*

READ (8) LCCK

IF (ECF(INWTH)*NE*0) GC TC 100

CI0MW444W44444 REPLACE AECVE 2 CAROS WITH

C REAC ( INWTh*EN0c29S ) LCCK

IwSCLsLCCKI 14) IF (LCCK(11).E0*0) XWSCLaO

IWSIZsMCCC IWSDL*2)41

IPX- 1WSCL>1

BACKSPACE INWTH

10 CONTINUE

IRECX- IMNTH

lOX-ICAY

IF (IPX.LT.3) GC TC 20

lRECX»IMNTH*2+< IDAY-l )/16-l

tOX-MCO( IQAY-1* 16)-»1

20 CONTINUE

IF ( IRECX-LRECX ) 3C.120.SC

30 CONTINUE

C BACKSPACE TO PRGPER MCNTH

lOIP-LRECX-IRECX+l

DO 40 I-l* lOIF

EACKSPACE INWTH

40 CCNTINUE

50 GC TO (60.60. 70.80 *70. 80. IFX

213
60 REAC (INIITH) IMOID ( 1 )• ItiO 10 (2) • I«VR« TPUATO* TPL0N6* IPTZN«URECX» NUMO

2AYt TGRNOtCLRNES* lOCPt lOATC

GC 7C SC- ' '' 70 REAC (IN«TH} IWOtO* INVR* TPLATOt TPLONG* I PTZN«LRECX« NUMOAY* CURNESvTG

2RN0* ICUM* ICAT60

GC TC SO _

80 REAC (1N«TH) IWOIC • I«lYR» TPLATO* TPLONG* IPTZNtURECX* NUMOAY. CURNES^TG

2RN0* ICUM* 10AT30

90 TPTZNalPTZN

IF (ECF(lNkTH).Ea.C)

CI8M*F******** REPUACE ThE

C 2t0 REAC ( IN*TH«EN0s29S)

C * C GC 1C 20

C 220 REAC ( IKkTHtEN0a29S>

C X

C GO 1C 20

C 230 REAC ( IN«THtEN0329;)

C X

C GC 1C 20

100 PRIM 110

110 FCRFAT (1M1////27M ** »EATh£R TAPE ERROR

lECFs.lRUE.

RE1UR^

120 CCN llhUE IF (inSlZ.EO.2) GC TO 1*0

IPl=4g*( lOX-l )>2*lhR-l

IPACK1=1CAT( IPl

)

IPACKZ=I0A1( IPlA-1 ) OC 130 IslvlO

ICALCC UPSHIFT ( IPACKl .IFASKI 1*2 ) } .ANO.IMASKC !• 1 ) 130 CCNTIMJE

00 140 Isll*14

ICAUCI I}s«H IFT( IPACK2 tlWASKi 1.2 ) ) .AND. IMASKI I .1 i 140 CCNTINUE

WBT( lHP)sFLOAT( ICAtC ) «XM ASK ( 1« 2 )-«-XMASK ( 1* 1 ) Oei ( IFR )=FtCAT( ICALOFXPASK (2 1 2 ) •XM ASK ( 2* 1 ) SPR ( IHR)sFLCAT( ICALC ) 4XMASK (3* 2) A-XMASK (3* 1 ) CCT(II-R)=Ft.OAT( 1CA(.C)4XMASK(4«2)>XMASK(4* 1 ) IS( IHR)sFUOAT( ICALC)*XMASK(*«2)4>XMASK<S*1)

IR( IHR )=FUOAT( ICALC ) *XMA£K ( 6 «2 ) 4XMASKI 6* 1

)

WOR( 1FR)=FL0AT(ICALC)*XWASK(7»2)TXMASK(7* 1 ) RHT ( IhR )=FLCAT( ICAtC ) FXMASK ( 1 1« 2 ) A-XMASK ( 1 !• 1 ) RON (IFR )xPUCAT( 1CALC)4XFASK(12*2)>XMASK(12*1

)

T0C< IHR IxFLOATI ICALC)*XF ASK ( 1 3* 2 ) «-XMASK( 1 3 1 1 ) WSP (IHR )3FtOAT( ICALC )«XMASK( 14«2)-»>XMASK( 14* 1)

C1BM4444444XX4 REPUACE THE AEOVE 11 CAROS WITH

C 600 CCMINCE

RETURN

ISO COMIHUE

IPlxS€*( lOX-1 >+4*IHR-3

L0CK(3)3lCAT< IPl)/<5536

LCCK(l)xFQO( 10AT( IP 1 ) • 655 36 ) /2S6

LC0K(2 )3MCO(10AT( IFl )«2S6)

LCCK( 1 1 )=ICAT( IPl *1 )/10 4eS7«

LCOK ( 12)xKC0( IOAT( IPIHI )• 1048576 )/ 1 024

LCCK(4)3MCD( 10 AT( ip 141 ) t 1024 )/64

LOOK!* }sMCO( IOAT( IP 1 41 ) .6 4 )/32

U0CK(6 )xMC0(10AT( IF141)«32)/16

LQCK(7)*MC0( ICAT{ IP141 ), 16)

L0CK(8)xl0AT( 1P142)/128

LQCK(S )xMCO( lOATI IPl42)tl2a)

GO TC 10

ABOVE S CAROS PITH

I WO ICO* 1WYR«WI-AT« «U3NG« I WTZN« URECX .NUMOAY . CLRNES*TGRN0«10UM«10AT0

IWOIC. IWYRf WLATvWUCNG* IWTZN* LRECX* NUMOAY*

CLRNES.TGRNO* IOUM« I0AT60

I WO 10* IWYR«WLAT« WLONG* iWTZNtLRECX* NUFOAY*

CLRNESsTGRNO* lOUM* IOAT30

214
u

u

LCCK(10)sI0AT( IPl+3)/2046

LOCKl 13)«MC0( IOAT( lPt+3)*204a)/128

I.0CK(14|3MC0< I0AT( 1P143) .126)

W8TC1>'R>«PL0AT(L0CKC1) ) 4XPASK ( 1 • 2 )-t>XMASKC l*tl

08T<1I-R)«PL0AT(L0CK(2) )«XPASK(2t2}-*>XMASK(2* 1 ) aPfl ( IPR )sFLOAT < LOCK ( 3 ) ) 4XPASK ( 3 t2 ) 4XMASK( 3.1)

CCT ( I PR )sFLGAT( LOCK ( 4 ) ) *XMASK( 4* 2) 4XMASK( 4. 1

)

IS(IHR) s FLaAT(LCCK(5) )«XMASK(S«2) * XMASK(S.l)

IR(IHR) • FL0AT(LCCK(6) )*)iMASK(6.2) * XMASK(6.1)

W0R(tPR)«FL0AT(LCCK(7] )*XMASK(7.2)PXMASK(7. 1

)

RHT(IHR)«FLOATCLOCK( tt ) ) 4XMASK ( 1 1*2 )4XMASKC1 1 • )

)

RON<IHR)sFLOAT(LOCK( 12) )PXMASK ( 12. 2)4XMASK ( 1 2. 1

)

TOC(IPR)>FLOAT(LOCKU3) )«XMASK( 13.2 )4>XMASK ( 1 3 • t ) «SP(1PR)3FL0AT(LCCK(14) )*XMASKC14*2)4XMASK( 14. 1

)

RETLRN

eNO

215
APPENDIX G

GRAPHIC BUILDING SHADOW CALCULATION PROGRAM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

420

430

440

450

460

470

480

490

500

REM •* BUILDING SHADOW GRAPHICS PROGRAM

REM ** WRITTEN BY SCOTT WRIGHT* JUNE 1981

REM

PRINT

PRINT

PRINT

Pf^ I NX * aas3asaaE=sssssas3sa=s=as3B==:ss=sssssassaSK * PRINT BUILDING SHADOW GRAPHICS PROGRAM*

PP I NT * BaaasaBBaaaaaassaaaaiasaaasssaasasBaBBSssss * PRINT

PRINT

INPUT 'ENTER AZIMUTH ALTITUDE ? »A1.A2

IREM ** Convert d«9rees to radians

A2i=Al*. 0174532

AT t«A2*. 0174532

IPRINT 'CHOICE OF VIEWS FOR DRAWING*'

PRINT * <1) VIEW FROM AZI.ALT ENTERED*

PRINT * (2) PLAN VIEW WITH SHADOWS'

INPUT 'ENTER VIEW CHOICE ? *»Vc

INPUT 'ENTER NO. OF PLANAR CO-ORDS. <STREETS) ?

' INPUT 'ENTER NO. OF SOLID CO-ORDS. (BUILDINGS) ? IF Nb=0 THEN GOTO 310

PRINT 'DRAWING CHOICES FOR EACH BUILDING*'

PRINT ' (1) DRAW ALL LINES*

PRINT * (2) REMOVE HIDDEN LINES*

PRINT * (3) POCHE BUILDING PLAN*

PRINT * (4) POCHE BUILDING SHADOW*

PRINT 'ENTER EACH CHOICES AFTER THE BLDG. CO-ORDS

PRINT

PRINT 'ENTER ALL PLANAR AND BUILDING*

PRINT 'CO-ORDINATES IN A CLOCKWISE SEQUENCE-*

IREM

* Dimension arrars

DIM A< (2+NsH^Jb)48)

DIM B( (2-^Nst'Nb)*4*8)

DIM Rz<4»4)*Rx(4«4)*T(4*4) *Dc(2-H4seNb)

jREM ** Enter exterior boundary of site

PRINT

PRINT 'ENTER EXTERIOR BOUNDARY (X»Y*Z)'

FOR I»1 TO 4

INPUT A<I« 1)*A(I>2)*A(I*3)

A(I*4)»1

NEXT I

IREM

*

Enter interior limits of shadow site

PRINT

PRINT 'ENTER INTERIOR LIMITS (X*Y*Z)'

*Ns

'.Nb

216
310 FOR I»5 TO 8

520 INPUT Adi 1)«A<1«2)»A(I$3)

530 A(Ii4)«l

340 NEXT I 530 ! 360 REM ** Enter street co-ordinates

570 IF Ns=0 THEN GOTO 690

380 PRINT

590 FOR I»8 TO (d+Ns)*4) STEP 4

600 PRINT -ENTER STREET (PLANAR) CO-ORDS. (XiYiZ)-

610 FOR J-1 TO 4

620 IrJ»I+J

630 INPUT A(lpJil)iA(IrJi2)iA(IrJi3)

640 A<IrJi4)»l

630 NEXT J

660 NEXT I 670 ! 680 REM ** Enter bui1din9 co-ordinates

690 IF Nb=0 THEN GOTO 940

700 PRINT

710 FOR I»((2+Ns)*4) TO ( ( 1+Ns+Nb )#4 ) STEP 4

720 PRINT -ENTER BUILDING (SOLID) ROOF CO-ORDS. (XiY.Z)-

730 FOR J=1 TO 4

740 IPJ»I+J

750 INPUT AdPJi l)iA(IpJi2)iA(IpJi3)

760 A(IpJi4)»1

770 NEXT J

780 INPUT -ENTER GROUND CO-ORDS. (Y OR N) ? -iGc*

790 IF Gc9»-Y- THEN 800 ELSE 850

800 FOR J«1 TO 4

801 lpJ«I-i-J

810 INPUT A(IpJi3)iA(IpJi6)iA(IpJi7)

820 A(lpJi8)*l

830 NEXT J

840 GOTO 910

830 FOR J»1 TO 4

851 IPJ-I+J

860 A(lpJi3)«A(lpJi 1)

870 A(!pJi6)«A(IpJi2)

880 A(lpJi7)a0

890 A(IpJi8)al

900 NEXT J

910 INPUT -DRAWING CHOICE ? -iDc(I/4)

920 NEXT I 930 ! 940 PRINT

950 PRINT -PROGRAM NOW RUNNING960 PRINT

970 ! 980 ! 990 REM ** Transform ad co-ordinates

1000 GOSUB 1870

1010 ! 1020 REM * Retransform all points if plan view selected

1030 IF Vc»2 THEN 1040 ELSE 1170

1040 FOR I«1 TO ((1+Ns+Nb)*4) STEP 4

1050 GOSUB 2890

1060 FOR J-1 TO 4

217
1070 lpJ=I+J

1080 IF B(IpJ«3)*Z1 then B( I^J«3)s 1E-04 ELSE B(Ii>J«3>«0

1090 NEXT J

1100 NEXT I 1110 ! 1120 A2i*-Azi

1130 Alt»-Alt

1140 60SUB 1870

1150 • 1160 ! 1170 REM DRAW Planar co-ordinates

1180 FOR 1=0 TO (<1+Ns)*4) STEP 4

1190 Zu»9999

1200 Zl»-9999

1210 60SUB 3070

1220 NEXT I 1230 ! 1240 REM

* DRAW Bui1din9 co-ordinates

1250 FOR I«<(2+Ns)*4) TO ( ( 1+Ns+Nb )*4) STEP 4

1260 Zu=9999

1270 Zl=-9999

1280 ! 1290 IF Dc( 1/4 )»1. THEN GOTO 1300 ELSE SOTO 1350

1300 60SUB 3070

1310 GOSUB 3240

1320 GOSUB 3520

1330 GOTO 1670

1340 ! 1350 IF Dc(I/4)«2 THEN GOTO 1360 ELSE SOTO 1420

1360 GOSUB 3070

1365 IF B<I+1.3)»B(I+3.3) AND B( I+2»3)=B< 1+4.37 THEN GOTO 1380

1370 GOSUB 2800

1380 GOSUB 3240

1390 GOSUB 3410

1400 SOTO 1670

1410 ! 1420 IF Dc<I/4)-3 THEN GOTO 1430 ELSE SOTO 1500

1430 GOSUB 3240

1435 IF B(I+1.3)=B(I+3.3) AND B( 1+2. 3)=B< 1+4. 3) THEN SOTO 1450

1440 GOSUB 2980

1450 GOSUB 3070

1460 GOSUB 3630

1461 Cl=l

1462 C2*2

1463 C3»3

1464 C4«4

1470 GOSUB 4060

1480 GOTO 1670

1490 ! 1500 IF Dc(I/4)«4 THEN GOTO 1510 ELSE SOTO 1300

1510 GOSUB 3240

1520 GOSUB 2980

1530 GOSUB 3070

1540 GOSUB 3520

1550 GOSUB 3730

1560 Cl«l

1570 C2=2

1580 C3=3

1590 C4-4

218
1600 SOSUB 4060

1610 Cl«5

1620 C2»6

1630 C3«7

1640 C4»e

1650 SOSUB 4060

_

1660 ! 1670 NEXT I 1680 ! 1690 ! 1700 REM ** Do anothor dr«win9 if dosirod

1710 PRINT

1720 PRINT "DO YOU WISH TO MAKE ANOTHER DRAWING'

1730 INPUT 'USING THE SAME CO-ORDINATES (Y OR N) ? '»Ad*

1740 IF Ad«='N' THEN SOTO 1810

1750 PRINT

1760 INPUT 'ENTER AZIMUTH i ALTITUDE ? '.AliA2

1770 REM Convert to radians

1780 Azi=Al*. 0174532

1790 Alt*A2*. 0174532

1791 INPUT 'ENTER NEW DRAWING TYPE FOR BLDGS. (Y OR N) ? 'iDt*

1792 IF Dt*='N' THEN GOTO 1800

1793 FOR I=(2+Ns) TO (1+Ns+Nb)

1794 PRINT 'BLDG. NO.'.Ii' '» 1795 INPUT Dc(I)

1796 NEXT I 1800 GOTO 940

1810 PRINT

1820 PRINT 'PROGRAM TERMINATED'

1830 PRINT

1840 END

1850 ! I860 ! 1870 REM

* SUBROUTINE Transf orm a1 1 co-ordinates

1880 REM

*

Set up rotation matrices

1890 LET R2(l»l)»COS(A2i)

1900 LET R2(l«2)»-SIN(A2i)

1910 LET R2(2> l)»SIN(A2i)

1920 LET R2(2»2)-C0S<A2i)

1930 LET R2(3»3)»1

1940 LET R2<4»4)»1

1950 ! 1960 LET Px<l. 1)=1

1970 LET Rx<2»2)*SIN(A1t)

1980 LET Rx<2i3)a-C0S(Alt)

1990 LET Rx(3»2)*C0S(Alt)

2000 LET Rx<3i3)»SIN(A1t)

2010 LET Rx<4»4)=l

2020 ! 2030 REM *

Set up transf ormation matrix

2040 FOR I»1 TO 4

2050 FOR J»1 TO 4

2060 SuffixiB 2070 FOR K=1 TO 4

2080 SumeSunr«-R2 ( I>K)*Rx<Kf J)

2090 NEXT K

2100 T<I.J)aSum

2110 NEXT J

219
2120 NEXT I 2130 ! 2140 REM Transform planar and bui1din9 roof co-ordinatas

2150 FOR 1=0 TO (+Ns+Nb)*4) STEP 4

2160 FOR J»1 TO 4

2170 IpJ*»I+J

2180 FOR K=1 TO 4

2190 Sum-0

2200 FOR L=1 TO 4

2210 Sum=Sum-i-A<lpJfL}*T(L*K)

2220 NEXT L

2230 B<IpJfK)=Sum

2240 NEXT K

2250 NEXT J

2260 NEXT I 2270 ! 2280 REM ** Transform bui1din9 9round plane co-ordinates

2290 IF Nb=0 THEN GOTO 2440

2300 FOR I=((2+Ns)*4) TO ( ( 1+Ns+Nb)*4) STEP 4

2310 FOR J=1 TO 4

2320 IPJ=I+J

2330 FOR K=1 TO 4

2340 Sum-0

2350 FOR L=1 TO 4

2360 Sum—Sum+A ( I pj » L+4 ) *T (L» K

)

2370 NEXT L

2380 B( IpJ»K+4)-Sum

2390 NEXT K

2400 NEXT J

2410 NEXT I 2420 ! 2430 ! 2440 REM ** Check limits of X arud Y axes 2450 LET XI -9999

2460 LET Xu—9999

2470 LET Y 1=9999

2480 LET Yu—9999

2490 FOR 1 = 1 TO ( (2+Ns-^Nb ) *4-1

)

2500 IF B< III XXI THEN X1=B(I»1)

2510 IF B<I»U>Xu THEN Xu-B(Ifl)

2520 IF B(I.2XY1 THEN Y1-B(I»2)

2530 IF B<I»2)>Yu THEN Yu=S(Ii2)

2540 NEXT I 2550 IF Ns=0 AND Nb-0 THEN GOTO 2700

2560 FOR I = < (2+Ns)*4+l ) TO < (2+Ns-i-Nb ) *4)

2570 IF B(l55XXl THEN X1=B(I»5)

2580 IF B(Ii5)>Xu THEN Xu=B(It5)

2590 IF B(I»6XY1 THEN Y1«8(1.6)

2600 IF 8(I»6)>Yu THEN Yu-B(If6)

2610 NEXT I 2620 ! 2630 REM Find lar9est axes 2640 LET U=Xu

2650 IF Yu>Xu THEN U=Yu

2660 LET L-Xl

2670 IF YXX1 THEN L-Y1

2680 ! 2690 ! 2700 REM

*

Set limits of drawin9

220
2710 PLOTR <5)

2720 LOCATE (0t 100i 0« 100)

2730 SCALE (LiU«L>U)

2740 PEN (1)

2750 LINE <0)

2760 ! 2770 RETURN

2780'!"

2790 • 2800 REM ** SUBROUTINE Calculat* minimum Z co>ord.

2810 Z1»9999

2820 FOR J=1 TO 4

2830 IfJ«I+J

2840 IF 8<IpJ«7)<=Z1 THEN Z1=B(IpJ57)

2850 NEXT J

2860 RETURN

2870 ! 2880 ! 2890 REM ** SUBROUTINE Calculat* minimum Z co-ord. of roof

2900 Z 1=9999

2910 FOR J»1 TO 4

2920 IpJ=I+J

2930 IF B(IpJ*3)<=Zl THEN Z1 =B(IpJ»3)

2940 NEXT J

2950 RETURN

2960 ! 2970 ! 2980 REM ** SUBROUTINE Calculate maximum Z co-ord.

2990 Zu—9999

3000 FOR J»1 TO 4

3010 lpJ=I+J

3020 IF B(lpJ«3)>=Zu THEN Zu=B(IpJ«3)

3030 NEXT J 3040 RETURN

3050 ! 3060 ! 3070 REM * SUBROUTINE Draw boundarvi street* or building roof

3080 PENUP

309OVE (B(I-rl»l>. 8(1 + 1. 2>)

3100 FOR J=2 TO 4

3110 IpJ=I+J

3120 IF B(IpJi3XZu AND B<IpJ-1»3XZu THEN GOTO 3130 ELSE GOTO 311 3130 DRAW (B(lpJ.IpJ.2))

3140 GOTO 3160

3150 MOVE (B(lpJ.l).B(IpJ.2))

3160 NEXT J

3170 IF B(I + 1.3XZu AND B(I+4.3XZu THEN GOTO 3180 ELSE GOTO 3200

3180 DRAW (B(I+lf <1+1.2)}

3190 GOTO 3210

3200 HOVE (B(I+lil).B<I+l>2))

3210 RETURN

3220 ! 3230 ! 3240 REM * SUBROUTINE Draw bui1din9 Ground plane

3250 PENUP

3260 HOVE (B(I+1.5).B(I+1.6)

)

3270 FOR J=2 TO 4

3280 IpJ*I+J

3290 IF B(lpJ»7)>Zl AND B( I pJ-1 . 7) >Z1 THEN 3300 ELSE 3320
3300 DRAU <B( ) 3310 GOTO 3330

3320 MOVE (B(1pJ»5)«B(IpJ»6)

)

3330 NEXT J

3340 IF B(I+1»7)>Z1 AND B(I+4»7)>Z1 THEN 3350 ELSE 3370

3350 DRAU (B( I'i'lf iB(I-M*6)

)

3360 GOTO 3380

3370 MOVE (B<I+lf5)»B(I+li6)>

3380 RETURN

3390 ! 3400 ! 3410 REM SUBROUTINE Connect vertical lines of buildinSs

3420 REM

* w/out least Z co-ords. if set

3430 FOR J=1 TO 4

3440 IpJ=I+J

3450 PENUP

3460 IF A(lpJ.7)>Zl THEN MOVE <B< I pj » 5 ) i B< I pJ » 6) ) ELSE GOTO 3480

3470 DRAU <B< IPJ> ( lPJf2)

)

3480 NEXT J _

3490 RETURN

3500 ! 3510

3520

3530

3540

3550

3560

3570

3580

3590

3600

3610

3620

3630

3640

3650

3660

3670

3680

3690

3700

3710

3720

3730

3740

3750

3760

3770

3780

3790

3800

3810

3820

3830

3840

3850

REM SUBROUTINE Connect vertical lines of buildings

REM

* u/out maximum Z co-ords. if set

FOR J=1 TO 4

IpJ=I+J

PENUP

IF B<IpJ»3XZu THEN MOVE < B( IpJ i 1 ) » B( I pJ . 2) ) ELSE 3590

DRAU <B< IpJ«B<IpJi6)

)

NEXT J

RETURN

REM ** SUBROUTINE Translate ground plane co-ordinates

REM into correct se'Puence of points in C

FOR J=1 TO 4

lpJ=I+J

C(J» 1)=B< IpJi5)

C<J»2)=8(Ipj»6)

NEXT J

RETURN

REM SUBROUTINE Translate co-ordinates to poche

REM building shadow into matrix C FOR J=1 TO 4

IpJ=I+J

IF B(lpJ.7)»Zl THEN GOTO 3800

NEXT J

IC(l. l)=8(lpJ»5)

C(1»2)=8(IpJ56)

IF IpJ>l THEN C(2s 1 )=S( lpJ-l»5) ELSE C(2> 1 )=B< I+l »5)

IF IpJ>l THEf2)»B(IpJ-1.6) ELSE C(2f 2)=B< I+l»6)

IIF IpJ>l THEN C(3»l)=B(lpJ-lil)

222

ELSE C(3f 1)=B(I+1» 1)
c

,'^Jr

3860 IF Ipj>l THE C(3.

2

)»B( IpJ- 1 . 2) ELSE C(3.2)«B( I+l t2)

3870 ! 3880 C(4f l)»B(lpJ«l)

3890 C(A«2)«B<IpJ«2)

3900 ! 3910 C(5» l)»Bapj»3)

3920 C(Sf2)»B(lpJi6)

3930 ! 3940 IF lpJ<4 THEN C(6»

1

)»B< IpJ+ 1 i 5 ) ELSE C(6» 1 )»B( I+l » 3

)

3930 IF lpJ<4 THE C<6» 2)»B( IpJ+ 1 . 6) ELSE C< 6» 2>=B( I-»-l , 6)

3960 ! 3970 IF IpJ<4 then C(7* 1 )»8( IpJ-^I , 1 ) ELSE C(7. 1 )»B( I + l . 1

)

3980 IF lpJ<4 THE C(7* 2)=8 ( IpJ+ 1 » 2) ELSE C<7»2)«B< I+l .2)

3990 ! 4000 C(8«l)«8(lpJ*l>

4010 C(8t2>«B(lpJ«2)

4020 ! 4030 RETURN

404CT ! 4030 ! 4060 REM ** SUBROUTINE Poche b«tue«n 4 points in s«'^u«nc« C(xsy)

4070 LET Dx«C<C2iC<Clil)

4080 LET X2=Dx*Dx

4090 LET DvaC(C2»2>-C(Cl»2)

4100 LET Y2*Dy*Dy

4110 LET Ll=SQR(X2+Y2)

4120 ! 4130 LET Dx=C(C4»l)-C(C3il)

4140 LET X2=Dx*Dx

4150 LET Dy-C(C4»2)-C(C3.2)

4160 LET Y2»Dv*Dy

4170 LET L2-S0R(X2+Y2)

4180 • 4190 IF L1>L2 THEN Ln«x»Ll ELSE Linax»L2

4200 PENUP

4210 MOVE (C(C1» l)tC(Cl»2)

)

4220 FOR J=0 TO Lmax STEP .2

4230 LET Xl«CCCl.l)+<C{C2il)-C(Cltl))*(J+.l)/Ll

4240 LET Y1»C(CI*2) + (C(C2»2)-C(C1»2) )*<J+. D/Ll

4230 LET X2=C(C4»l)+(C(C4il)-C(C3»i))*(J+.l)/L2

4260 LET Y2»C(C4*2) + (C(C4»2)-C(C3.2) )< J+. D/L2

4270 ! 4280 DRAM (X1>Y1)

4290 DRAW (X2»Y2)

4300 ! 4310 LET Xl»C(Cl»l)+(C(C2.1)-C(Cl»l))*<J+.2)/Ll

4320 LET Yl»C(Cli2)+(C(C2.2)-C(Cl»2) )*<J+.2)/Ll

4330 LET X2»C(C4* 1)+(C(C4» 1 )-C(C3* 1 ) )*( J+.2)/L2

4340 LET Y2=C(C4t2)+(C(C4»2)-C<C3.2) )*<J+.2)/L2

4350 ! 4360 DRAW (X2>Y2)

4370 DRAW (XliYl)

4380 • 4390 NEXT J

4400 RETURN

4410 ! 4420 ! 4430 END

223
REFERENCES

1. City of Los Angeles, Mayor's Office, Department of City Planning, City

Attorney's Office, SOLAR ENVELOPE ZONING; APPLICATION TO THE CITY

PLANNING PROCESS, LOS ANGELES CASE STUDY, Solar Energy Research

Institute (SERI), Golden Co. , 1980, p.iii

2. Horacio Caminos, Reinhard Goethert, URBANIZATION PRIMER, M.I.T. Press,

Cambridge Mass., 1978, p.82

3. GaU Boyer Hayes, SOLAR ACCESS LAW, PROTECTING ACCESS TO

SUNLIGHT FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS, Environmental Law Institute; U.S.

Department of Energy, H-8213G, Washington D.C., May 1979, p.51

4. Peter Hall, URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING, John WUey and Sons, New

York, NY, 1975, p. 263

5. Kalev Ruberg, "Passive Solar Potential in Urban Environments", THE FIFTH

NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE, October 19, University of

Massachusetts, Amherst, Proceedings of the American Section of the

International Solar Energy Society; October 1980, p. 836

6. Hittman Associates Inc., "Physical Characteristics, Energy Consumption , and

Related Institutional Factors in the Commercial Sector", HIT-630, Columbia,

Maryland, October 1975; p. UI-l

7. H.L. Horak, Bruce D. Hunn, John L. Peterson, Mark A Roschke, Eva F. Tucker,

Don A. York, DOE-2 REFERENCE MANUAL, Los Alamos Scientific

Laboratories, (LASL), Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories, LA-7689-M, LBL-8706,

U.S. Department of Energy, Feb. 15, 1979

8. D.C. Hittle, et.al., BLAST; THE BUILDINGS LOADS ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM

THERMODYNAMICS PROGRAM, USERS MANUAL-VOL I., U.S. Army

Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, (CERL), June 1979

9. Fransisco Arumi-Noe, THE DEROB SYSTEM VOL.II, EXPLANATORY NOTES

AND THEORY, Numerical Simulation Laboratory, School of Architecture,

University of Texas, Austin TX, July 1979

10. Booze, AUen, HamUton Inc., PREDESIGN ENERGY ANALYSIS, A NEW

GRAPHICS APPROACH TO ENERGY CONSCIOUS DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS,

Office of Conservation and Solar Energy, DoE, DOE/CS-0171, Washington D.C.,

September 1980

11. T.R. Oke, BOUNDARY LAYER CLIMATES, Methuen and Co., London, 1978,

p.229

12. Gail Boyer Hayes, SOLAR ACCESS LAW, PROTECTING ACCESS TO SUNLIGHT

FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS, pp. 17-28

224
nc-

.

“iOW

13. The Center for Landscape Architectural Education and Research, OPTIONS FOR

PASSIVE ENERGY CONSERVATION IN SITE DESIGN, U.S. Department of

Energy, Conservation and Solar Applications, Washington D.C. June, 1978, p.l06

14. City of Los Angeles, SOLAR ENVELOPE ZONING, p. 7

15. For a complete list of building related thermal amalysis algorithms, refer to: P.L. Versteegen, SURVEY OF CURRENTLY USED SIMULATION METHODS,

Science Applications Inc., McLean Va.: U.S. Department of Energy, EM-78-C-04-

4261, 1978

16. James P. Smith, SINDA USER'S MANUAL, April 1971, TRW Systems Group:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NAS9-10435

17. Hittman Assoc. Inc., PHSYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENERGY

CONSUMPTION AND RELATED INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS IN THE

COMMERCIAL SECTOR, Federal Energy Administration, CO-04-5 1888-00,

Washington D.C., Oct. 1975, p.iv-25

18. Frank Kreith, Jan F. Kreider, PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR ENGINEERING,

Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Washington D.C., 1978, p.l74

19. Fransisco Arumi-Noe, developed a glazing transmission algorithm that accounts

for molecular films at the surface of the glazing. This is the most precise

algorithm encountered to date. Numerical Simulation Laboratory, School of

Architecture, University of Texas, Austin TX, July 1979

20. Dr. T. Kusuda, "NBSLD, the Computer Program for Heating and Cooling Loads in

Buildings", NBS BUILDING SCIENCE SERIES 69, Center for Building Technology,

National Bureau of Standards, (CBT, NBS), U.S. Department of Commerce, July

1976, pp.l44a-149a

21. Gary Gillette, "A Daylighting Computation Procedure for Use in DoE-2 and

Other Dynamic Energy Analysis Programs", Paper for Illumination Engineering

Society, CBT, NBS, U.S. Department of Commerce, June 1981

22. Steve Treado, Gary Gillette, "Measurement of Sky Luminance, Sky Illuminance,

and Horizontal Solar Radiation" ,NBSIR, CBT, NBS, U.S. Department of

Commerce, Washington D.C., May 1981

23. Dr. T. Kusuda, "NBSLD", pp.6a-27a

24. J.L. Threlkeid 'and R.C. Jordan, ASHRAE, HANDBOOK OF FUNDAMENTALS,

1977, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

Engineers Inc., New York, NY, 1978, pp. 26.1-26.9

25. K. Kimura, D.G. Stephenson, "Solar Radiation of Cloudy Days", ASHRAE

TRANSACTIONS, New York, NY, March 1969: from semi-annual meeting in

Chicago, Jan. 27-30, 1969

225
26. Boeing Co., SUMMARY OF SOLAR RADIATION OBSERVATIONS, Report D2-

90577-1, Dec. 1974

27. Frank T. Quinlan, SOLMET VOL.II, FINAL REPORT, TD-9724, HOURLY SOLAR

RADIATION-SURFACE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, National Oceanic

and Atmospheric Administration, (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce: U.S.

Department of Energy, E49-269-1041, Feb. 1979

28. Frank T. Quinlan, SOLMET VOL. I-USER'S MANUAL TD-9724, HOURLY SOLAR

RADIATION SURFACE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, Environmental

Data and Information Services, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, Ashville,

NC, August 1978

29. Test Reference Year Developed by NBS and NOAA for ASHRAE, TAPE

REFERENCE MANUAL, TEST REFERENCE YEAR, NOAA, AshvHle, NC, 1970

The Test Reference Year is chosen from a 30 year pool of weather years and is picked with a heavy bias towards average ambient temperatures.

30. NOAA, TDF-14, SURFACE OBSERVATIONS, National Climatic Center, NOAA,

U.S. Department of Commerce, Ashville, NC

31. Aden B. Meinel and Marjorie P. Meinel, APPLIED SOLAR ENERGY, AddisonWesley Publishing Co., Reading Massachussetts, 1977, p.45

32. Scott Wright developed a building shadow algorithm at the College of

Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. June 1981

33. Dr. Edward A. Arens, D.H. Nall, "Climate Data Abbreviation for Computerized

Calculation of Heating and Cooling Requirements in Buildings", ENERGY AND

BUILDINGS 2, EUsevier, Sequoia S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland, 1979, pp.135-139

The interval is chosen by weighting various weather parameters. Dry bulb

temperature is the most important parameter followed by cloud cover.

34. Arthur I. Rubin, Editor, "Lighting Issues in the 1980's, Summary and Proceedings

of a Lighting Roundtable Held June 14 cind 15, 1979, New York, New York", NBS

SPECIAL PUBLICATION 587, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C.,

July 1980, p.96

35. Ronald N. Helms, ILLUMINATION ENGINEERING FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT

LUMINOUS ENVIRONMENTS, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1980,

p.l65

36. Ralph Knowles, SOLAR ENVELOPE CONCEPTS MODERATE DENSITY

BUILDING APPLICATIONS, SERI/SP-98 155-1, April 1980

37. Dr. T. Kusuda, "NBSLD",BSS 69, p.61d

38. ASHRAE, HANDBOOK OF FUNDAMENTALS, p.26.2

39. The DoE-2 adgorithm for clear day insolation is similiar to the ASHRAE

226
r:

HTHl

^0.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

calculation procedure.

Henry L. Horak, et.al., DOE-2 REFERENCE MANUAL, pp.111-189

M.A. Atwater, J.T. Ball, "Effects of Clouds on Insolation Models", SOLAR

ENERGY, Vol 27, No.l, 1981. Pergammon Press, Oxford, U.K., p.37

SOLMET uses regressions from surface stations measuring solar radiation to

determine solar radiation at proximate locations

Richard Bird, Roland L. Hulstrom, "Direct Insolation Models", SERI/TR, 335-344,

U.S. Department of Energy, NTIS, Springfield Va., 22161, 2an. 1980

Kimura/Stephenson cloud modifiers are based on experimental measurements in

3 Canadian cities. Correlation was found between surface reported cloud data

and solar radiation intensity. The intensity was also a function of the zenith

cingle.

K. Kimura, D.G. Stephenson, "Solar Radiation on Cloudy Days"

Boeing method used in DoE-2 uses a correlation to cloud cover. However, the

ratio between direct and diffuse radaition is constant.

SOLMET data is based on regressions developed for closest cities with term

measured data. Comparison of these regressions with methods based on

functions reveals that the SOLMET method is heavily influenced by the presence

of raun. Both Boeing and Kimura/Stephenson algorithms are insensitive to rain .

K. Ruberg, E.L. Flynn, "Comparison of Solar Radiation Algorithms from TRY

Data Bases", NBS paper, June 1982, CBT, NBS, U.S. Department of Commerce,

Washington D.C.

Dr. T. Kusuda and K. Ishii, "Hourly Solar Radiation Data for Vertical and

Horizontal Surfaces on Average Days in the U.S. cind Canada", NBS BSS 96,

CBT, NBS, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C., April 1977

Benjamin Y.H. Liu, Richard C. Jordan, "Daily Insolation on Surfaces Tilted

Toward the Equator", ASHRAE JOURNAL, Oct. 1968, AHSRAE, New York, NY

A.B. Meinel, M.P. Meinel, APPLIED SOLAR ENERGY, AN INTRODUCTION,

Addsion Wesley, Reading Mass., 1976, p.47

B.P Liu, K.R. Rao, K. Tharmaratnum, A.M. Mattar, ENVIRONMENTAL

FACTORS IN THE DESIGN OF BUILDING FENESTRATION, Applied Science

Publishers Ltd., London 1979, p.65

R. G. Eckert, Robert M. Drake, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, McGraw Hill

Book Co., New York, NY, 1959, p. 398

L. Threlkeld, THERMAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, Prentice-Hall Inc.,

Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1962, p.358

227
5i. B. P. Liu, et.al., ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE DESIGN OF BUILDING

FENESTRATION, p.l69

54. Charles S. Barnaby et.al. "Research into the Empirical Correlation of Insolation

Measurement with Daylighting Performance", PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH

NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE, Amherst, Mass, 1980, AS/ISES,

University of Delaware, 1980, p.ll97

55. Fransisco Arumi-Noe, THE DEROB SYSTEM VOL.H, EXPLANATORY NOTES

AND THEORY, Numerical Simulation Laboratory, School of Architecture,

University of Texas, Austin TX, July 1979, p.lO

Tensors (vectors) are used to describe interreflections and shading in rooms.

56. Frank Kreith, Jan F. Kreider, PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR ENGINEERING, p.l76

57. Albert G.H. Dietz, PLASTICS FOR ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS, M.I.T. Press,

Cambridge Mass., 1969, p.71

58. Stephen Hale, "Energy Systems for Multifamily Housing: An Urban Case Study",

Master of Architecture in Advanced Studies, School of Architecture and Urban

Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 1979, p.20

59. Roy E. Clark, S. Robert Hastings, "Quantified Occupant Use Factors Affecting

Energy Consumption in Residences", NBSIR-78-1501, CBT, NBS , U.S.

Department of Commerce, July 1979

60. Office of Technology Assessment, APPLICATION OF SOLAR TECHNOLOGY TO

TODAY'S ENERGY NEEDS, VOL H, Congress of the United States, Washington

D.C. 20510, Sept. 1978.

61. D. Finn Carlson, Report to Economics Group, CBT, NBS, Honeywell Energy

Resources Center, Aug. 30. 1980

62. William Carroll, Building Energy Performance Standards Studies, LBL, Nov.

29,1980.

63. Ayres Assoc., DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING MODELS FOR ENERGY

BUDGETS, Vol III, Appendix II, State of California, Energy Rsources

Conservation and Development Commission, Oct. 30, 1977

64. Westinghouse, PHASE 0, ERDA, pp.6-46

65. TRW, PHASE 0, ERDA, pp.2.1-2.6

66. General Electric, PHASE 0, p.54

67.

Ish Sud, Robert W. Wiggins, Jr. et. al., FINAL REPORT: DEVELOPMENT OF

THE DUKE UNIVERSITY BUILDING ENERGY ANALYSIS METHOD, DUBEAM,

Duke University Center for the Study of Energy Conservation, Durham, N.C.,

228
Nov. 30, 1979 p.L-1

68. Steven Hale, "Energy Systems for Multifamily Housing: An Urban Case Study",

p.24

69. Roy E. CLark, S. Robert Hastings, "Quantified Occupant Use Factors", NBSIR

78-1501, p.55

70. Ayres Assoc., DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING MODELS FOR ENERGY

BUDGETS, Vol III, Appendix H, State of California, Energy Resources

D. Finn Carlson, HONEYWELL, report to NBS,

Conservation and Development Commission, Oct. 30, 1977.

Descriptions of commercial building profiles for weekdays and holidays are from

these sources.

71. Roy E. Clark, S. Robert Hastings, NBSIR 78-1501, p.73

72. Roy E. Clark, S. Robert Hastings, NBSIR 78-1501, p.l03

73. ASHRAE, HANDBOOK OF FUNDAMENTALS, 1977, p.25.17

Assuming occupants are seated, with light work

74. C.I.E, "The Availability of DayUght", TECHNICAL REPORT NR, Prepared by the

C.I.E. Technical Committee, T.C.-4.2 on Daylighting, 1975

229

NBS«114A (wev. z-«c) U.S. DEPT. OP COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

NBSIR 82- 2498

2. Performin* Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Dace

March 1982

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Solar Availability in Cities and Towns: A Computer Model

5. AUTHOR(S)

Kalev Ruberg, Research Associate

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If Joint or other than NBS, sea instructions)

national bureau of standards

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, O.C. 20234

7. Contract/Grant No. IDE-AI01-76PR06010

8 . Type of Report & Period Covered

Final

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City, State, ZIP)

Passive and Hybrid Solar Energy Division

Office of Solar Heat Technologies

U.S. Department of Energy

-Hashin,8too - D- 20585 i 10. SUPPLEM^TARY NOTES

I I Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here)

An interactive computer program, SOLITS, has been written to determine the incident

solar radiation on urban building surfaces, street surfaces and rooms facing urban

street canyons. Hourly weather data and surface descriptors are interactively entered

by the user. Solar radiation data are calculated with NOAA weather tape (TMY or TRY)

cloud data using the Kimura/ Stephenson cloud cover algorithm. SOLITE also calculates

solar radiation transmission through xiser specified glazing assemblies . Shadows cast

by surrounding btiildings and overhangs are computed, as are the interreflection effects

in street canyons. In addition, internal heat gains from occupants and lighting, and

daylight availability on the workplane of a room are calculated. Output options include

weather data summaries, incident insolation, occupant heat gain in rooms and useable

hours of daylight in a room with a given occupancy. Either hourly or daily values may

be specified as output.

12. <EY WORDS (S/x to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolons)

Daylighting; glazing transmission; solar access; solar radiation data; shading algorithms 5

;

urban solar application

13. AVAILABILITY

I Unlimited

I I For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

I i Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

|~^ Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

236

IS. Price

$ 19.50
/- ”

'* •). '»<sAy-*'*'

! !> A-r , H- J , V , . Ci ; ; > V

' ':. 'vj'

'

it

'r'it- KW

., ..,«,j,:,v,,.j v'' 'll, T*®'fe^o ‘,

.

-J4I&0