BLM LIBRARY

BLM-Alaska Open File Report 60

BLM/AK/ST-97/001 +3090+930

October 1 996

Mineral Investigations on Baranof

and Chichagof Islands, and Vicinity,

Southeast Alaska, 1 995

Kenneth M. Maas, Peter E. Bittenbender, and Jan C. Still

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Mineral Investigations

on Baranof and Chichagof Islands,

and Vicinity, Southeast Aiaska, 1995

Kenneth M. Maas

Peter E. Bittenbender

Jan C. Still

Bureau of Land Management

Alaska State Office

Anchorage, Alaska 99513

Open File Report 60

October 1 996
Authors

Kenneth M. Maas is a geologist in the Division of Lands, Minerals and Resources working for the Juneau

Minerals Resources Team, Bureau of Land Management, Juneau, Alaska.

Peter E. Bettenbender Is a geologist Division of Lands, Minerals and Resources working for the Juneau

Minerals Resources Team, Bureau of Land Management, Juneau, Alaska.

Jan C. Still is a mining engineer in the Division of Lands, Minerals and Resources working for the Juneau

Minerals Resources Team, Bureau of Land Management, Juneau, Alaska.

Cover Photo

Dilapidated equipment and structures lie idle at the Lucky Chance millsite. Silver Bay area of Baranof Island

in Southeast Alaska. The mine was discovered by 1 880 and the mill began operations by 1 887, continuing on an intermittent basis until at least 1 904. The Lucky Chance Mine produced an unspecified quantity of gold

and silver. (Photo by authors.)

Open File Reports

Open File Reports identify the results of inventories or other Investigations that are madeavailable to the public

outside the formal BLM-Alaska technical publication series. These reports can Include preliminary or incomplete data and are not published and distributed in quantity. The reports are available at BLM offices

in Alaska, the USDI Resources Library in Anchorage, various libraries of the Unversity of Alaska, and other

selected locations.

Copies are also available for inspection at the USDI Natural Resources Library In Washington, D.C. and at the BLM Service Center Library in Denver.
UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

MINERAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

Mineral Investigations on Baranof

and Chichagof Islands, and Vicinity,

Southeast Alaska, 1995

Prepared By:

Geologist

>g€)Oi

(Signature)

Geologist

(Title)

September 27, 1996

(Title)

September 27, 1 996 September 27, 1996

(Date) (Date) (Date)

Technical Reviewers:

Donald Baggs, BLM, Anchorage, AK

Ron Baer, U.S.Forest Service. Sitka, AK

John Kato, U.S. Forest Service, Juneau, AK

(Date)
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Contents

Page

Abstract 1 Executive Summary 2

Introduction 5

Purpose of program 5

Authorities 6

Priorities 7

Location and access 7

Land status 7

Methodology 11

Acknowledgments 11

Previous studies 11

Mining history/production 16

General geology 18

Mineral deposit types 20

Bureau work 21

Hoonah road system 22

Gypsum Creek 22

East Point 23

Big Ledge 23

Reconnaissance 24

Hill Point 24

Tenakee 25

Slocum Arm Molybdenum 25

Deep Bay 26

Rodman Bay 26

Kelp Bay 26

Sealion Cove 27

Krestof Island 27

Halleck Island 28

Magoun Island 28

Siginaka Island 29

Warm Springs Bay 29

Silver Bay Area, Sitka 30

Gangola 30

Apex 31

Liberty 31

Edgecumbe Exploration Lode 31

Eureka 32

Lower Ledge 32

Stewart 33

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Bauer 33

Pinta Lake 34

Free Gold 34

Lucky Chance Mountain 34

Lucky Chance 35

Goddard Hot Springs 35

Red Bluff Bay 35

Patterson Bay 36

Snipe Bay 37

Redfish Bay 37

Port Lucy 37

Port Armstrong/Port Conclusion 38

Conclusions 38

Bibliography 39

Appendix A. Analytical results for mines, prospects, and occurrences 67

Appendix B. Summary information for significant mines, prospects, and occurrences 92

Tables

1 . Deposits with medium to high mineral development potential 3

2. Alaska Territorial Dept, of Mines and Minerals reports 14

3. Summary of mine production 17

A-1. Analytical results from mines, prospects, occurrences, and reconnaissance samples ... 70

A-2. Analytical results from REE sampling at Redfish Bay 90

A-3. Analytical results from carbonate sampling 90

A-4. Analytical detection limits by analyticeil technique 91

B-1. Summary information for mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences 95

Illustrations

1 . Location map of the Baranof and Chichagof Islands study area 8

2. Generalized land status map 9

3. Location and extent of selected geologic maps and previous study areas 12

4. Sample location map ; plate

5. Mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences plate

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Mineral Investigations on Baranof and Chichagof Islands, and Vicinity, Southeast Alaska,

1995

By Kenneth M. Maas, Peter E. Bittenbender, and Jan C. Still

Abstract

The Baranof and Chichagof Islands area is located along the northwest coast of Southeast

Alaska. This area hosts historically significant producers of gold, silver, and gypsum. The

Chichagof and Hirst Chichagof Mines, operating in Klag Bay and Kimshin Cove, were the main

precious metal producers in the study area. Gypsum was produced by the Pacific Gypsum

Company from a single mine operating in lyoukeen Cove. U. S. Bureau of Mines personnel

(who were subsequently incorporated into the Bureau of Land Management) investigated mineral

occurrences in the Baranof and Chichagof Islands area during 1995. This study will continue

through 1996.

Two crews examined 35 mines and prospects, and several additional sites were sampled in a

reconnaissance fashion on Federal, State and private lands. In all, over 400 samples were taken

for geochemical analysis, and 3,500 feet of underground workings were surveyed and mapped.

Work was concentrated around Silver Bay and along the Hoonah logging-road system. Several

sites located along coastal areas were also visited. Detailed work was not performed in the West

Chichagof and Klag Bay areas, as extensive studies were recently completed by Bureau

personnel. Reference to these reports as well as a comprehensive list of published and

unpublished geologic and mineral resource reports are contained in the bibliography. Summary

information is provided for 132 properties in the study area. Mineral development potential has

been classified as low, medium or high for these properties.

Results from the 1 995 work define low-grade gold-bearing quartz veins in the Silver Bay area and the presence of weakly mineralized skam systems surrounding Gypsum Creek, north of

Freshwater Bay. No specific ore bodies were delineated from this work, although high-grade

sphalerite mineralization was encountered at East Point, north of Tenakee Inlet.

1
Executive Summary

Baranof and Chichagof Islands are located along the northwest coast of Southeast Alaska. The

present study encompassed these islands as well as the smaller islands to the west. Work

completed in 1995 was conducted by U.S. Bureau of Mines geologists and engineers. This study

is part of an ongoing statewide mineral land assessment authorized under Section 1010 of the

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. Significant quantities of gold, silver, and

gypsum have been produced from this area; it was historically the second largest lode-gold

producing area in Alaska. The Chichagof and Hirst-Chichagof Mines produced the majority of

the gold and silver, and the Pacific Coast Gypsum Company’s mine at lyoukeen Cove produced

the gypsum.

Two crews investigated 35 mines and prospects, and several additional sites were sampled in a

reconnaissance fashion on Federal, State and private lands. In all, over 400 samples were taken

for geochemical analysis, and 3,500 feet of underground workings were surveyed and mapped

during 1995. Efforts during 1995 were concentrated in the Silver Bay area and along the Hoonah

logging road system as well as in scattered locations throughout the study area. Work was not

performed in the West Chichagof and Klag Bay areas as extensive studies have already been

completed.

Results from the 1 995 work indicate the low-grade nature of gold-bearing quartz veins in the

Silver Bay area and the presence of skam-related mineralization surrounding Gypsum Creek. No

specific ore bodies were delineated fi'om this work.

A total of 135 mineral properties are recapped in the summary table presented at the end of this

report. These properties are ranked by mineral development potential (MDP) to provide a basis

for comparison. Nineteen properties were assigned a medium, medium to high, or high MDP

ranking. Seven properties are ranked with a low-medium MDP and the remaining 1 09 properties

have a low MDP.

Thirteen of the properties rated with a medium to high MDP are mines or prospects containing

gold and silver; ten are clustered in the Doolth Mountain-Klag Bay area. The Chichagof and

Hirst-Chichagof Mines are included in this group. Other gold-silver properties are the Golden

Hand Apex, Apex-El Nido, New Chichagof Mining Syndicate, Basoiniuer, Chichagof Prosperity,

Alaska Chichagof, McKallick Chichagof Mines (OB Adit), Jumbo, Baney, Falcon Arm, and

Cobol. Three porphyry-molybdenite and copper deposits have been assigned a medium to high

MDP, and these are located at Slocum Arm, Warm Springs Bay, and Patterson Bay. Two

magmatic segregation deposits containing nickel-copper-cobalt were rated similarly and they are located at Bohemia Basin and Mirror Harbor. A third magmatic segregation deposit containing

copper-nickel is found at Snipe Bay. Summary information for these 19 locations is given in

table 1. Additional information is found in table B-1.

2
Table 1. Deposits with medium or high mineral development potential.

Map

No.' Name Land

status

Deposit type Production Resources/Sample

results MDP

10 Bohemia Basin Private, Federal Magmatic

Segregation: Ni, Cu,

Co

None Measured and inferred: 20 million tons @

0.31%Ni, 0.18%Cu,

0.04% Co (177)^

M-H

16 Apex-El Nido Federal Vein: Au, Ag, W 17,000 ounces Au, 2,400 ounces Ag

Indicated: 26,633 tons @0.945 oz/t^ Au(177)

H

41 Mirror Harbor Federal Magmatic

Segregation: Ni, Cu,

Co

test shipment

only

Measured: 8,000 tons @ 1.57% Ni, 0.88%

Cu; Hypothetical:

900,000 tons @

0.172%Ni, 0.049% Cu

(177)

M

45 New Chichagof

Mining Syndicate

Federal Vein: Au None Samples average 0.24

oz/t Au

M-H

47 Golden Hand Apex Federal Vein: Au 4 ounce Au Samples average 0.34

oz/t Au

M-H

54 Hirst Chichagof Private Vein: Au, Ag 131,000 ounces Au, 33,000

ounces Ag

Inferred: 80,000 tons @ 1 oz/t Au and 0.25

oz/t Ag; Marginal

inferred: 70,000 tons @ 0.25 oz/t Au (304)

H

55 Basoiniuer Private Vein: Au None Samples contain trace Au, AgM

56 Chichagof

Prosperity

Federal Vein: Au None Samples contained up

to 0.694 oz/t Au

M

60 Baney Federal Vein: Au None Dump sample

contained 2.76 oz/t Au,

0.32% W

M

62 Jumbo Federal Vein: Au 1,450 ounces Au Samples contained up

to 0.07 oz/t Au

M

63 Alaska Chichagof Private,

Federal

Vein: Au 660 ounces Au Samples contained over 1 oz/t Au, 4.5 oz/t Ag

M

'Refers to sites depicted on figure 5 and in appendix table B-1.

lumbers in parentheses refer to bibliographic entries preceding the appendices.

^Ounces per short ton.

3
Map

No. Name Land

status

Deposit type Production Resources/Sample

results MDP

64 McKallick

Chichagof Mines

Federal Vein; Au None Samples contained up

to 0.36 otJX Au

M

65 Chichagof Private Vein: Au, Ag 659,955 ounces Au, 200,000

ounces Ag

Inferred: 80,000 tons @ 0.25 oz/t Au and

0.08 oz/t Ag; Marginal

inferred 463,000 tons @ 0.3 oz/t Au (304)

H

80 Falcon Arm Federzil V: Au None Samples contained up

to 2.16 oz/t Au

M

81 Cobol prospect Federal Vein: Au 100 ounces Au Samples along 57-foot zone averaged 0.28 oz/t AuM

85 Slocum Arm Federal Porphyry: Mo None Samples contained up

to 0.54% Mo

M

103 Warm Springs Bay Federal Porphyry: Cu, Mo,

Zn

None Samples averaged 600

ppm Cu, 85 ppm Mo

M

128 Patterson Bay Federal Porphyry: Cu None Samples contained up

to 3,100 ppm Cu, 970

ppb Au and 4,820 ppm

As

M

129 Snipe Bay Federal Magmatic

Segregation: Cu, Ni

None Indicated resources: 94,00 tons @ 0.94%

Cu, 0.33% Ni (321)

M

4
Introduction

The U.S. Bureau of Mines (Bureau) began a 2-year study of B^anof and Chichagof Islands in

1995, at the request of the U.S.D.A. Forest Service (Forest Service). Bureau work efforts were

concentrated on known mineral locations obtained from numerous literature sources, and on

newly discovered deposits being explored by the mining industry. Properties were evaluated by a combination of geologic mapping, sampling and site surveying. Overall project objectives are to:

- identify the type, amount and distribution of mineral deposits in the district

- determine mineral resource estimates when possible

- study beneficiation technologies for representative types of ore

- conduct feasibility studies for selected deposit types

- address resource and land-use issues related to mining activities

The study area contains the historic Chichagof District, previously known as the Sitka Mining

District (180), an area that has produced significant quantities of gold, silver, and gypsum. In

addition, there are occurrences of nickel, chromium, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, iron,

potassium feldspar, palygorskite, andalusite and cement-grade limestone. Gold and silver

production has come mainly from the Chichagof and Hirst-Chichagof Mines; however smaller

amounts have been recovered from the Apex-El Nido, Alaska Chichagof, Cobol, and mines in

Silver Bay. Gypsum was recovered from a mine near lyoukeen Cove. Mineral deposit types

include vein-gold, epithermal vein, magmatic oxides and sulfides, replacement gypsum, porphyry

copper and/or molybdenum, pegmatite, and copper-iron skam.

Bureau geologists investigated over 50 mines, prospects, or occurrences in 1995. Over 3,500 feet

of underground and surface workings were mapped and over 400 rock chip, placer, and stream

sediment samples were taken for geochemical analysis. This report presents an overview of land

status, mining history, previous studies, general geology and miner2il deposit types, and a

bibliography of geological and mining-related reports pertaining to the study area. Other sections

depict specific Bureau work and analytical data. A table summarizing pertinent information on

mines, prospects, and occurrences in the district is presented as appendix table B-1.

Purpose of Program

Mineral land assessment activities in Alaska expand the database with respect to mineral

potential and support Department of the Interior responsibilities to foster policies that improve

Federal stewardship and land-use planning on public lands. This information and the resulting

policies are necessary to ensure the sound use of natural resources, while preserving and

protecting environmental and cultural values. The assessment studies are done in partnership

5
with other Federal, State and nongovernmental organizations. They provide important

geoscience, mining engineering and mineral economic information that become part of a comprehensive inventory of resources on Federal land. The total data set will ensure that

physical, biological, and economic sciences are considered in Federal land planning and decision

making. The mineral assessments address specific data and analysis requirements mandated by

the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Federal Land Management and Policy Act

(FLPMA), the National Forest Management Act, the Alaska National Interest Lands

Conservation Act (ANILCA) and other statutes.

Area-wide mineral assessments of Alaska are conducted in a coordinated fashion among several

Federal agencies. Historically, these have included the Bureau, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),

U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and Forest Service. Early in 1996, the Bureau was

closed as an agency and its functions, personnel, and mandates in Alaska were transferred to the

BLM under Secretarial Order 3196, dated January 19, 1996.

Under the mineral assessment program, several mining districts (including Goodnews Bay,

Juneau, Valdez Creek, Colville, and Ketchikan), national forests (Chugach), and BLM resource planning areas (Steese-White Mountains, Forty Mile, and Black River) have been investigated.

The studies develop an understanding of the mineral development potential of each area by

creating an inventory of mineral resources, evaluating the likelihood that more resources may

exist, and estimating the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of mining certain

mineral deposits. A review of land-use and environmental issues as they relate to potential

mineral development scenarios is also provided. Information gathered from these studies is

useful to legislators, land-managing agencies, and mineral industry leaders to make informed

decisions affecting future mineral resource activities and their associated socioeconomic effects

on the State of Alaska.

Authorities

In accordance with Section 1010 of the ANILCA (PL 96-487; 94 Stat. 2371) the Secretary of the

Interior is authorized, "...to the full extent of his authority, assess the oil, gas, and other mineral

potential on all public lands in the State of Alaska in order to expand the data base with respect

to the mineral potential of such lands. The mineral assessment program may include, but shall

not be limited to, ... core and test drilling for geologic information.... To the maximum extent

practicable, the Secretary shall consult and exchange information with the State of Alaska

regarding the responsibilities of the Secretary under this section and similar programs undertaken

by the State." The Wilderness Act, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and Federal

Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) also require interdisciplinary resource assessments

before a major Federal land use decision is made on public lands.

6
Priorities

Mineral land assessment studies are conducted in cooperation with Federal land-managing

agencies and the State of Alaska. Study areas are chosen by using a prioritization process that

weighs several factors, including land status, mining history, current prospecting activity,

logistics, and conflicting uses. The extent and age of previous studies is also taken into account.

Agency direction is heavily weighted in this process. Future studies may be defined according to resource area planning needs.

Location and Access

The study area consists of the land area west of Chatham Strait and south of Icy Strait, and

includes Inian, Lemesurier, Yakobi, Chichagof, Baranof, Kruzof and the smaller islands scattered

along the Pacific coast (fig. 1). This area is depicted on parts of the 1 :250,000-scale USGS

quadrangle maps for Mt. Fairweather, Juneau, Sitka, and Port Alexander. Population centers in

the district include the City and Borough of Sitka, the city of Hoonah, and the smaller

communities of Tenakee Springs, Pelican, Elfin Cove, Baranof, and Port Alexander.

The area is characterized by rugged topography with peaks in excess of 4,800 feet high. The

steep terrain inhibits foot access in most cases. Numerous inlets and bays cut through the area providing rock exposure along shorelines that can be accessed by boat. Extensive logging-road

networks traverse the northeastern portion of Chichagof Island and can be accessed fi-om

Hoonah. These roads are located on Forest Service and Native Corporation land. Logging roads

also provide access to the Sitkoh Bay-Basket Bay areas. A short paved-road network surrounds

Sitka proper. The Alaska Marine Highway System (ferry) provides service to Sitkei, Hoonah,

Tenakee, and Pelican. Fixed-wing and helicopter support can be obtained fi*om Sitka. Sitka is

the largest population center in the district and offers some supplies and services. Juneau can

also be used for logistical support.

Land Status

Land management responsibilities in the study area are divided among the Forest Service, Native

regional and village corporations, the State of Alaska, and private entities (fig. 2). Most of the

land on Baranof Island and the adjacent islands is administered by the Forest Service and is open

to mineral location and development. Several lakes on the east side of Baranof Island, including

Baranof, Kasnyku, Carbon, Antipatr, Deer and Betty Lakes, have been withdrawn as potential

power sites. This classification does not preclude mineral entry, but there may be specific

restrictions placed on mining-related activities due to this classification. The townsite of Port

Alexander is an exclusion within the City and Borough of Sitka boundary. A large portion of

Baranof Island (314,000 acres) is included within the South Baranof Wilderness created by

ANILCA. St. Lazaria National Wildlife Refuge, a small island managed by the Fish and Wildlife

Service, is located south of Kruzof Island. Both wilderness parcels are closed to mineral entry. A

small parcel of land north of Sitka proper is included within an enacted municipal watershed

7
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classification (PL 78-262) that precludes mineral entry.

A large portion of Chichagof Island is managed by the Forest Service and is open to mineral

exploration and development. However, significant acreage has been designated as LUD II by

the Tongass Land Management Plan and subsequent updates resulting from ANILCA and the

Tongass Timber Reform Act. This designation restricts certain activities and provides for the area to be managed in a roadless state for most uses. Roads supporting mineral exploration and

development activities in LUD II designated areas may be allowable as specifically authorized

uses. The West Chichagof/Yakobi Wilderness occupies over 265,000 acres on West Chichagof

and Yakobi Islands, and is closed to mineral location and development. The newly created

Pleasant/Inian/Lemesurier Islands Wilderness is also closed to mineral entry.

The Hoonah-Totem Village Corporation owns a large tract of land on northeastern Chichagof

Island, centered around Hoonah and adjacent to Port Frederick. Mineral rights on this native

corporation land are managed by Sealaska Corporation, the Native regional corporation for

Southeast Alaska. Sealaska also has title to several parcels of subsurface estate in the same

general vicinity. Several parcels in this area are still in selection status. Shee-Atika Corporation

owns land on Alice and Charcoal Islands as well as a small parcel in Katlian Bay. Kootznoowoo

Corporation has selected land along Chatham Strait from Little Basket Bay south to Point

Thatcher. Most Native corporation lands are available for mineral exploration and development

as long as this use does not conflict with traditional, cultural, and subsistence uses. Lease

arrangements must be made with the appropriate Native corporations prior to any activity.

State and municipal land is found adjacent to Sitka, Tenakee Springs, Pelican, and Port

Alexander. Other small conveyances are scattered throughout the west half of the study area. The City and Borough of Sitka developed a draft comprehensive plan for lands within its

jurisdiction in February, 1995. A general provision affecting the mining industry states, "any

uses that can potentially degrade the natural habitat will be reviewed and monitored on a case-bycase basis (60)." Users are encouraged to provide information to the Borough very early in the

permitting process.

Active mining claims and patented claims are present within the study area. Patented mining

claims are present in the following locations: 1) Lemesurier Island, 2) in Bohemia Basin, 3) in

Kimsham Cove - Hirst-Chichagof Mine, 4) in Klag Bay - Chichagof Mine, 5) lyoukeen Cove at Gypsum, 6) at Rodman Bay, 7) in Silver Bay - Stewart Mine, and 8) in Pande Basin. Ownership

information for these claims can be obtained from the assessors office in Sitka. Records for

unpatented claims are kept by the BLM and are available at the Forest Service offices in Sitka

and Juneau.

Private parcels are scattered throughout the study area but most are too small to depict at the

scale of figure 2. Consult the Forest Service, BLM or State of Alaska to obtain more precise, upto-date information on these parcels.

10
Methodology

Sites are selected for examination after considering information from several different sources. An initial list was compiled from the Minerals Availability System (MAS) database. The MAS

database was created and maintained by the Bureau of Mines through 1995 and contains

information on mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences throughout Alaska. Each site from the

MAS list was reviewed and prioritized after completing a thorough literature search. The

literature may reveal that some sites represent claim staking only, consequently locations and

information are scarce. These sites were usually eliminated from consideration. Properties with

multiple references and evidence of past production or development are given higher priority.

Sites where recent work or claim staking has been performed are given moderate priority for

field investigation. The literature search may include properties that were not originally included

in the MAS database, and merit investigation.

Area studies by governmental agencies such as the USGS or Alaska Division of Geological and

Geophysical Surveys (ADGGS) may contain geophysical or geochemical information that

warrants follow up examination. Other factors that influence site selection include favorable

regional geology and newly created access (e.g. logging roads, glacial retreat, etc.). Sites can be

added from input provided by area land managers and geologists.

Acknowledgments

The authors were assisted in locating, mapping, and sampling properties by Joseph Kurtak, a Bureau geologist, normally stationed in Anchorage, Alaska. Jerry Kouzes, a Bureau cartographic

technician from Anchorage, Alaska, drafted the figures presented in this report. Both of these

individuals are currently employed by the BLM. Thanks is given to the Forest Service for the use of their extensive communications network established in the area. Ron Baer, Forest

Service, Sitka, contributed minerals information that was not otherwise available. Excellent

accommodations and logistical support was provided by Jake Yearty, skipper of the MA^ Ocean

Ranger. Coastal Helicopters, Juneau, provided reliable service for work based out of Juneau.

Mountain Aviation, Sitka, provided reliable air transport for the work based out of Sitka.

Personnel from the Forest Service's Hoonah Ranger Station provided boat and vehicle

transportation to road networks outside of the main Hoonah system.

Several individuals provided mineral information and access to their claims. Their assistance

and cooperation improved the comprehensive nature of this study. Thanks are extended to Neil

McKinnon, Bob Craig, Ame Johnson, and John and Kay Burgess.

Previous Studies

There have been several geologic and mineral resource assessments performed in the Chichagof

and Baranof Islands area since the original discoveries of gold-bearing quartz veins along the

11
Figure 3 - Location and extent of selected geologic maps and previous study areas 12

Indian River near Sitka in 1 871 (fig. 3). A complete list of publications is presented in the

bibliography at the end of this report. The following is a description of the more significant work

completed in the study area.

Wright and Wright prepared the first summaries of mining developments in the Sitka Mining

District in 1904 and 1905 (338-339). Several other USGS workers compiled annual summaries

of mineral activity in Alaska that contain a review of the Sitka Mining District including: Brooks

(34-41, 44, 45), Brooks and Capps (46), Brooks and Martin (47), Buddington (48, 50), Burchard

(53, 54), Chapin (55), Knopf (178, 179), Martin (198, 199), Moffit (205), Smith (270-283, 285,

287), and Wright (332, 333, 335, 337).

Several comprehensive studies of the geology, mineral deposits, and geochemistry of the study

area have been completed by USGS workers. The first extensive study of the Sitka Mining

District was completed by Knopf in 1912 (180). Overbeck produced a compilation of the

geology and mineral resources of the west coast of Chichagof Island in 1919 (220). Reed and

Coates summarized the geology and ore deposits of the Chichagof Mining District in a report

published in 1941 (232). Pecora discussed the nickel-copper deposits on the west coast of

Chichagof Island in 1942 (224). Rossman produced a report detailing the geology and ore

deposits ofNorthwestern Chichagof Island in 1959 (262). Loney, Condon, and Dutro produced a

geologic map of the Freshwater Bay Area, Chichagof Island, in 1962 (192). Loney, Berg,

Pomeroy and Brew compiled a reconnaissance geologic map of Chichagof and Northwestern

Baranof Islands in 1963 (188). Berg and Hinckley produced a reconnaissance geologic map of

Northern Baranof Island in 1963 (16). Loney, Brew, Muffler, and Pomeroy produced a

reconneiissance geologic map of Chichagof, Baranof, and Kruzof islands in 1975 (191). Decker

produced a geologic map of western Chichagof Island in 1980 (75). Gehrels and Berg compiled

the most recent geologic map of Southeastern Alaska in 1990 (106).

Numerous USGS reports detailing the geology and mineral deposits of the West

Chichagof^akobi Islands Wilderness Study Area were completed to aid in the ANILCA

mandated planning process. Hessin, Speckman, Crenshaw, Hof&nan, and Cooley compiled

analytical results from several types of samples taken in the West Chichagof/Yakobi Island

Wilderness Area in 1980 (128). Johnson and Karl generated a reconnaissance geologic map of

the Western Chichagof and Yakobi Islands Wilderness Study Area in 1982 (158). The same two

authors completed a final geologic map of this area in 1985 (159). Hessin and others produced a

series of geochemical reports in 1982 showing the distribution of individual elements from

stream sediment samples, water samples and heavy-mineral concentrate samples taken

throughout the v^ldemess area (118-127). Johnson and Elliott also produced geochemical maps

of individual elements from bedrock samples taken throughout the wilderness area in 1984 (147-

157). Johnson, Kimball, and Still compiled a report on the mineral resource potential of the

wilderness area in 1982 (160).

Several USGS publications provide information on specific mineral properties. These include:

Burchard on lyoukeen Cove gypsum (52); Guild and Balsley on Red Bluff Bay chromite (110);

13
Kennedy and Walton on Bohemia Basin and Red Bluff Bay (174, 175); Reed and Dorr on nickel

in Bohemia Basin (233); Reed and Gates on nickel-copper at Snipe Bay (234); Sainsbury on

Redfish Bay (267); Stewart on gypsum at lyoukeen Cove (294); and Twenhofel, Reed, and Gates

on Apex/El Nido, Stag Bay, and lyoukeen Cove (317).

E. H. Cobb of the USGS completed metallic mineral resource maps for the Juneau, Mt.

Fairweather, Port Alexander, and Sitka quadrangles in 1972 (61-64). He also produced

summaries of references to these mineral occurrences, by quadrangle, in 1978 (65-68).

H. C. Berg completed a report detailing the regional geology, metallogenesis, and mineral

resources of Southeastern Alaska, by quadrangle, in 1984 (12). Brew, Drew, Schmidt, Root, and

Huber developed a methodology to estimate the undiscovered locatable mineral resources throughout the Tongass National Forest (21). This report discusses several mineral deposits in

the current study area.

Several reports pertaining to the mineral deposits in the area have been prepared by Bureau

workers. Thome produced a situation report on the Chichagof Mining District in 1967 (310).

Kimball produced a mineral land assessment report of the Yakobi Islands and adjacent parts of

Chichagof Island in 1982 (177). Still and Weir completed a mineral land assessment of the west

part of Western Chichagof Island in 1981 (304). Still compiled a geochemical report on the

distribution of gold, platinum, palladium, and silver in selected portions of Bohemia Basin (303).

Site specific Bureau reports on mines in the area include a report by Humphrey on the Chichagof

Mine in 1936 (141); Humphrey on the Hirst/Chichagof in 1936 and 1938 (142, 143); a war

minerals report on the Yakobi Island deposits in 1944 (319) and Mirror Harbor in 1945 (320);

East, Traver, Sanford and Wright on Yakobi Island Nickel in 1948 (90); Traver on the Mirror

Harbor nickel deposits in 1948 (314); Thome on the Slocum Arm molybdenum deposit in 1952

(309); Jermain and Rutledge on diamond drilling the Gypsum/Camel Prospect in 1952 (145);

Thome on the Lucky Devil Claims in 1960 (308); and Metz on the ChichagofiHirst Chichagof in

1978 (203).

Geologists and mining engineers from the Alaska Territorial Department of Mines and its successor, the Division of Mines and Minerals, have written several reports on specific mineral

properties and mineralized areas in the region between 1918 and 1968. The following table

presents these reports by author, property, and reference.

Table 2. Alaska Territorial Dept, of Mines and Div. of Mines and Minerals reports.

Author Property Reference

Ballard Slocum Arm Molybdenite (331)

Geo-Recon, Inc. Lucky Devil mining claims (109)

Gustafson Camel Gypsum (111)

14
Author Property Reference

Herreid Camel Gypsum/Pacific Gypsum (117)

Holdsworth/

Williams

Red Bluff Bay (134)

Laney Alaska Nickel Mines (184)

McPhar Geophys. Chichagof area (202)

Racey New Chichagof Mining Syndicate (228)

Roehm Lucky Strike (247)

Roehm AK Gold Digger group (243)

Roehm Chichagof Creek group (244)

Roehm Goldwin group (245)

Roehm New Chichagof Mining Syndicate (246)

Roehm Mike Wall prospect (248)

Roehm Slocum-Grunter prospect (249)

Roehm Green Lake group (250)

Roehm Baranof Mining Co. (Halleck Island) (251)

Roehm Krestof group (252)

Roehm Little Blonde/High Grade group (253)

Roehm Bohemia Tunnel (254)

Roehm Lucky Chance Mine (257)

Ryason Mt. Baker Copper prospect (265)

Smith Doolth Peninsula (288)

Stewart Mineral Resources - Chichagof Is. (295)

Vevelstad Yakobi Island drill logs (323)

Williams Ariel property (330)

Winchell Alaska Nickel Mines (331)

Several unpublished reports on mineral locations in the area have been completed and include: an

15
M. S. thesis completed by Dadoly on wall-rock alteration at the Chichagof and Hirst-Chichagof

Mines (73); a Ph.D. thesis completed by J. E. Decker on the Cretaceous subduction complex

present on Western Chichagof Island (76); P. A. Decker report on E. B. Sparling's Haywire

Group (86); Flemming's account on the Alaska Nickel property (95); Healy on the Alaska Nickel

Mines (113); Holmes on the Apex-El Nido Mine (135); Jackson on the Alaska Nickel Mines

(144); an M.S. thesis by Jirik on the Takanis Copper-Nickel-Cobalt prospect, Yakobi Island

(146); Kazee on the Hirst-Chichagof Mining Co. (172); Moerlein on Mt. Baker Copper prospect

(204); Nelson on several Chichagof Island prospects (212), and New Chichagof Mining

Syndicate (213); an M. S. thesis by Riefenstuhl on the geology of the Goddard Hot Springs area

(235); Ricker on Bohemia-Basin Nickel (238); Rogers on the Alaska Nickel Mines (260);

Sanford on the Mirror Harbor nickel deposits (268); Ship and Shipman on the Cobol prospect

(269); Storm on the Slim and Jim copper prospect (305); Traver on the Mirror Harbor nickel

deposits (313); Wells on ore dressing at the Cobol molybdenum property (326); and Williams on

the Cobol deposit (328).

Mining History/Production

The earliest mining activity in the study area took place on the Indian River near Sitka in 1871

(180). No serious efforts ensued here, but additional discoveries were made at the Stewart

property in Silver Bay in 1872. By 1879, a 10-stamp mill was erected on the Stewart property

(180). A 10-stamp mill was also erected at the Lucky Chance Mine, although exact details of

this mine's development are unknown. The gold rush to Juneau in 1880-81 prompted an exodus

from the Silver Bay area, and mining activity virtually ceased in the area.

Serious prospecting also took place on Yakobi Island and vicinity. Gold was discovered at the

Bon Tara Mine, northwest of Miner Island, near the eastern tip of Yakobi Island, in 1887. About

$1,100 worth of gold (55 oimces) was recovered from this property (177). Copper was

discovered at Mt. Baker in 1907, and copper-nickel-cobalt deposits were found at Mirror Harbor

in 191 1 (177). Mirror Harbor was drilled as part of the strategic minerals program initiated

during World War II. The Apex and El Nido gold veins were discovered west of Pelican by J. Cann in 1919 and 1920, respectively. These two mines produced over 17,000 ounces of gold and

2,400 ounces of silver during intermittent operation from 1924-1939, the majority coming from

the Apex workings (177). Nickel-copper-cobalt mineralization was discovered at Bohemia Basin

in 1919, and the first claims were staked in 1920. This area was drilled extensively during World

War II, and INCO continued drilling this deposit in the 1950s. Inspiration Development

Company completed 29,000 feet of drilling at Bohemia Basin between 1972 and 1979.

Gold was discovered in the Klag Bay area in 1905 (180). This was the principal gold-producing

area in the study area. A quartz outcrop found at the Degroff Mine (later to be known as the

Chichagof Mine) was so rich that ore was sacked and shipped directly to the Tacoma Smelter in

Washington State (304). The Golden Gate Mine was discovered in 1906 along the same fault

that hosted mineralization at the Degroff Mine. The Jumbo Mine was discovered in 1909, and

1,450 ounces of gold were produced from a high-grade pocket found near the beach in Klag Bay

16
(304). This property was operated separately from the Degroff and Golden Gate Mines. A

power plant was installed at Sisters Lake in 1909 to provide power for the Degroff and Golden

Gate properties at Klag Bay. Operations at these two mines were consolidated in 1912 under the

control of the Chichagof Mining Company. The mine operated almost continuously until 1942,

and produced over 600,000 tons of ore, extracting nearly 660,000 ounces of gold and 200,000

ounces of silver. Intermittent cleanup operations at the mine and reworking of old tailings

continued until 1973 (304).

The Alaska Chichagoff Mine, also located in the Klag Bay area, was discovered in 1928, and

incorporated into the Alaska Chichagof Mining Company by 1931. A test shipment was made in

1 932. The Chichagoff Mining Company optioned the property in 1 936, and their records

indicate that 660 ounces of gold had been recovered from the mine (304).

The Hirst-Chichagof Mine was discovered in 1905 at Kimsham Cove, north of Klag Bay. By

1918 the Hirst-Chichagof Mining Company was formed to begin mining operations. The

company began mining operations in 1922, and continued until 1943. The mine produced

approximately 131,000 ounces of gold and 33,000 ounces of silver from over 140,000 tons of ore

(304).

Several other discoveries were made in the following years. The Cobol (Mine Mountain) veins

were discovered in 1921. Production between 1933 and 1935 amounted to about $3,500 worth

of gold (100-175 ounces at $20/oimce or $35/ounce). The Koby gold prospect was discovered in

1933 by J. Koby. Development work was mostly completed by 1936. No production was

reported from this prospect. The Stag Bay copper prospect was located in 1941 (177).

The gypsum property of the Pacific Coast Gypsum Company was discovered at lyoukeen Cove

prior to 1905, and active mining commenced in 1906. Mining continued intermittently until

1923, when the deposit was exhausted. Nearly 500,000 tons of gypsum were removed from this

deposit (294). A summary of mine production in the study area is presented in table 3.

Several companies have recently explored selected deposits in the district. Deposits receiving

attention include the Chichagof, Hirst-Chichagof, Apex-El Nido, Warm Springs Bay and Silver

Bay area (Stewart, Lucky Chance, etc.).

Table 3. - Summary of mine production.

Mine Activity Years Gold, ounce Silver, ounce Gypsum, tons

Bon Tara 1887 55

Apex/El Nido 1924-28, 1934-35,

1937-39

17,000 2,400

Jumbo 1909 1,450

17
Mine Activity Years Gold, ounce Silver, ounce Gypsum, tons

Chichagof 1912-1942 659,955 200,000

HirstChichagof

1922-1943 131,000 33,000

Cobol 1933-35 100-175

Alaska

Chichagof

1936 660

lyoukeen

Cove

1906-23 500,000

General Geology

Several USGS workers have made contributions to the geologic database available for the study

area. The reconnaissance geologic map compiled by Loney and others (191) is the most

complete geologic study of the area to date. Tectonostratigraphic compilations have been

completed for Southeast Alaska and include the work of Berg and others (17), Monger and Berg

(206), and Gehrels and Berg (104). Many other investigators have contributed to the geologic

knowledge of the study area. Some have already been noted in the previous studies section of

this report; others are included in the bibliography.

The study area is underlain by rocks belonging to 3 separate tectonostratigraphic terranes (17).

From west to east these terranes are 1) Chugach terrane, 2) Wrangellia, and 3) Alexander terrane.

The most productive mineral deposits are hosted in the Sitka Graywacke member of the Chugach

terrane. These deposits include the fault-controlled Chichagof and Hirst-Chichagof gold mines.

The Chugach terrane extends from Baranof Island aroimd the Gulf of Alaska to Kodiak Island

(206, 226). Within Southeast Alaska, the Chugach terrane is wholly included within the study

area. It lies outboard of the Wrangellia and Alexander terranes and makes up most of Baranof

Island and the west side of Chichagof Island. The terrane is separated from the Wrangellia and

Alexander terranes to the northeast by the west-vergent Border Ranges thrust fault and rightlateral, strike-slip Peril Strait faults, respectively. The regional, strike-slip Chatham Strait Fault

separates the Chugach terrane from the Admiralty subterrane of the Alexander terrane to the east.

Chugach terrane rocks in the study area are made up of marine sedimentary and volcanic rocks

that have been interpreted as a deformed flysch and melange sequence that forms a continental

margin subduction complex (83, 225, 226). Dominant units are the Triassic-Jurassic Kelp Bay

Group that forms the melange and the Jurassic-Cretaceous Sitka Graywacke flysch sequence.

The Kelp Bay Group west of the Border Ranges Fault includes the Pinnacle Peak Phyllite, the

Waterfall Greenstone, and metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Khaz formation (166,

191). The unit has been incised by the Tertiary high-angle Fairweather fault system, that

18
includes several northwest-trending fault splays that includes the Peril Strait fault. These faults

have been instrumental in the localization of gold-bearing quartz veins in the Klag Bay area (?).

The Wrangellia terrane extends along the northwest margin ofNorth America from Vancouver

Island to south-central Alaska (162, 163). Within the study area, Wrangellia is located on

southwest Chichagof Island and northwest Baranof Island. It is separated from the Alexander

terrane on the northeast by the Peril Strait Fault (47). The Border Ranges fault separates

Wrangellia from the Chugach terrane to the west and south (57).

The oldest Wrangellian rocks found in the study area are late Paleozoic in age (17). These rocks

consist of a sequence of marine sedimentary and volcanic rocks. They are overlain by the

Triassic Goondip Greenstone and the Whitestripe Marble (191). These two units have been

correlated with the Nickolai Greenstone and Late Triassic Chitistone Limestone of the

Wrangellia terrane in the Wrangell Mountains (225). Minor Jurassic sedimentary rocks are also

included in the Wrangellia terrane as well as a Jurassic tonalite (17, 191). The late Paleozoic

Wrangellian depositional environment has been interpreted as an oceanic volcanic arc followed

by a rift setting in the Triassic (104).

The Alexander terrane hosts the oldest rocks in the study area. The terrane is exposed throughout

southeast Alaska and extends northward into southern Alaska (162, 206). The terrane has been

divided into three subterranes, of which the Craig subterrane is foimd within the study area (17).

It is located northeast of Peril Strait and Lisianski Inlet on the northeast side of Chichagof Island.

Within the study area, the Alexander terrane is separated on the southwest from the Wrangellia

and Chugach terranes by the Peril Strait Fault and the Border Ranges Fault. East of Chichagof

Island, the Chatham Strait fault separates the Craig and Admiralty subterranes of the Alexander

terrane (17, 206).

The Alexander terrane consists of Paleozoic sedimentary, intrusive, and volcanic rocks. Intrusive

rocks of the terrane include the Silurian or older Sitkoh Bay alkalic suite (100). Bedded units

include clastic sedimentary rocks of the Silurian Point Augusta Formation, the Silurian-Devonian

Kennel Creek Limestone, the clastic and overlying limestone members of the Middle and Upper

Devonian Cedar Cove Formation, the Upper Devonian Freshwater Bay andesitic and basaltic

volcanics, and the Mississippian lyoukeen Formation limestones (191). Alexander terrane rocks

have been interpreted as evolving in an oceanic volcanic arc environment followed by a more

stable, shallow marine setting (107).

Brew and Morrell (41) have distinguished several plutonic belts in southeast Alaska, of which

two occur in the Chichagof-Baranof study area: the “Fairweather-Baranof’ belt and the “MuirChichagof’ belt. The Fairweather-Baranof belt includes early to mid-Tertiary granodiorites,

tonalites, trondhjemites, and gabbros on Baranof Island and on the west side of Chichagof Island.

The Tertiary gabbroic rocks at the head of Tenakee Inlet are also included in this belt. Several

outcrops of Mesozoic ultramafic rocks, particularly those at Red Bluff Bay and between Red

Bluff Bay and Silver Bay have been prospected for related mineralization and are included in this

19
belt (41, 191).

Brew and Morrell’s Muir-Chichagof belt includes the Cretaceous granodiorites, tonalites, diorites

and gabbros that crop out in an area from southwest of Peril Strait and Lisianski Inlet to

northwest of the head of Tenakee Inlet. Scattered outcrops of granodiorite, quartz monzonite and

diorite northeast of this area are also included in the Muir-Chichagof belt (41, 191). The Sitkoh

Bay alkalic suite (100) mentioned earlier, defines a third belt on northeast Chichagof Island, but

it was intruded prior to amalgamation and accretion of the hosting Alexander terrane.

The Quaternary volcanic field containing basalts, andesites, and dacites found at Mount

Edgecumbe on Kruzof Island represents the youngest lithified rocks in the study area (33).

Volcanic activity likely ceased with explosive eruptions dated at about 5,000 years before present

(240).

Quaternary surficial sedimentary deposits are found along most drainages. These include glacial,

glaciofluvial, alluvial and colluvial deposits.

The structural grain of the Chichagof-Baranof study area is generally oriented northwestsoutheast. This includes terranes and terrane boundaries, regional fault patterns, outcrop patterns

of both bedded and intrusive rocks, bedding, and metamorphic foliation. On a larger scale, the

structural patterns of the area are complex and include areas disrupted by multiple episodes of

folding and faulting. Intense folding ended by early Tertiary, but movement on faults in the area continues to the present (191).

Metamorphic belts have been defined across southeast Alaska by Brew and others (22). The

metamorphism in the Chichagof-Baranof study area is generally related to accretionary tectonic

events as well as to local intrusive activity.

Mineral Deposit Types

Mineral deposit types present in the study area include: 1) fault-controlled quartz-vein gold

deposits, 2) chromite deposits hosted by ultramafic rocks, 3) magmatic nickel-copper sulfide

deposits hosted in gabbro-norite, 4) gypsum deposits in limestone and chert, 5) rare-earth

element deposits in silica-depleted intrusives near Sitkoh Bay and Tenakee Springs, and 6)

porphyry copper-molybdenum in granodiorite at Warm Springs Bay.

The quartz-vein gold deposits are primarily located on northwestern Chichagof Island and in

Silver Bay, near Sitka. These deposits are found in fault zones that cut Mesozoic low-grade

metamorphic rocks (generally Sitka Graywacke) and Tertiary granitoid intrusive rocks (191).

The gold occurs with pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and rare galena and sphalerite. Metallic

minerals rarely comprise more than 3% of the quartz veins (191). Mineralized quartz veins are

spatially associated with a belt of Tertiary intrusives that trend west-northwest along the west

side of Baranof and Chichagof Islands. '*°Ar/^^Ar data suggest that ore fluid formation and calc20
alkaline plutonism are products of a single, short-lived Eocene thermal event (306). Gold

mineralization is discontinuous along this belt of intrusives. Deposits are clustered along

portions of the Neva Strait Fault (191) and Border Ranges Fault (306) that have been pervasively

fractured by an irregular network of faults.

Chromium deposits are found at Red Bluff Bay and at the Hill prospect. Chromite is present as small lenses, thin layers and disseminated grains in serpentinized dunite at Red Bluff Bay.

Chromite is a normal accessory mineral of dunite, and in this occurrence contains a low

chromium to iron ratio that is an undesirable feature in chromite ores (110). Smaller quantities

of chromite are found in thin serpentinized sills of ultramafic rock at the Hill prospect.

Magmatic nickel-copper-cobalt deposits are found in Bohemia Basin, Mirror Harbor, Snipe Bay

and near East Point on Tenakee Inlet (Big Ledge deposit). The deposits at Bohemia Basin and

Mirror Harbor are hosted in Tertiary norite and locally contain pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and

chalcopyrite (191). The Snipe Bay and East Point deposits are smaller occurrences hosted in

altered gabbro dikes and contain pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and pentlandite.

The gypsum deposits at lyoukeen Cove are unique in Southeast Alaska. The deposits are hosted

in the Mississippian lyoukeen Formation and are spatially related to limestone, limestone breccia

and gypsiferous clay beds. It is unclear whether the deposits are sedimentary or hydrothermal in

origin. The origin of the limestone breccia is an important factor in understanding the genesis of

the gypsum (96). If the breccia is related to hydrofracturing, then the gypsum may have been

introduced with hydrothermal fluids along fault fractures. Most workers assume the deposits are sedimentary in nature and comformably overlie the breccia unit.

Rare-earth-element and uranium mineralization has been identified in smeill quantities in the

Silurian intrusive suite found near Sitkoh Bay (Kook Lake) (89). Anomalous radioactivity was

also discovered in sediment samples taken near Deep Bay (177). The mineralization at Kook

Lake is most likely magmatic in origin, but not well defined at this time.

Porphyry-style copper-molybdenum mineralization has been identified at Warm Springs Bay on

east-central Baranof Island. A Tertiary homblende-biotite granodiorite pluton (106) situated on

the northeast shoreline of Warm Springs Bay contains chalcopyrite, molybdenite, sphalerite, and

pyrite mineralization that is localized in quartz veins and disseminated in siliceous parts of the

pluton. There are similarly aged plutons elsewhere in the study areei, but sulfide mineralization

has yet to be identified in them. Limited quantities of molybdenite, chalcopyrite, and malachite

have been found in quartz veins and dikes along the shores of Tenakee Inlet and in the Magoun

Islands. These occurrences may be related to larger, undiscovered porphyry systems.

Bureau Work

Bureau personnel made three field study trips in 1995. Twelve days were spent circumnavigating

Baranof Island aboard the MA^ Ocean Ranger. Selected prospects and occurrences were

21
examined at Deep Bay, Krestof Island, Magoim Island, Halleck Island, Siginaka Island, Silver

Bay, Goddard Hot Springs area. Port Conclusion, Port Armstrong, Port Lucy, Patterson Bay, Red

Bluff Bay, Warm Springs Bay, Kelp Bay, and Tenakee Inlet. Seven days were spent examining

outcrops and rock pits along the Hoonah logging-road system, mainly using all-terrain vehicles.

Known mineral occurrences were examined near East Point, north of Tenakee Inlet, and

reconnaissance sampling was conducted between Whitestone Harbor and Tenakee Inlet, as well

as the Eight-Fathom Bight road system. Bureau geologists and engineers used helicopter support

from Sitka over a 10-day period to examine mines, prospects, and occurrences located from

Goulding Harbor, east to Rodman Bay, and south to Redfish Bay. A substantial amount of work

was performed in Silver Bay, south of Sitka. No effort was made to reevaluate properties in the

West Chichagof Wilderness Area or Yakobi Island as comprehensive examinations have already

been published by Kimball, Still and Weir for these areas (177, 304). Interested persons may

refer to these publications for information. More than 400 samples were taken and 3,500 feet of

underground workings were mapped during these examinations. The following summaries recap

the ‘significant’ portions of this work.

Hoonah Road System

An extensive logging-road system is present on eastern Chichagof Island, north of Peril Strait.

The Bureau evaluated portions of this system north of Tenakee Inlet and east of Port Frederick over a seven-day period during the summer of 1995. Known mineral deposits in this area include the lyoukeen Cove Gypsum Mine, the Big Ledge nickel-copper prospect, and a

sphalerite occurrence near East Point. Underground workings at the gypsum mine are either

flooded or caved, so no evaluation was attempted. Several workers have previously reported on

this property (96, 111, 117, 145). Minor sulfide mineralization related to a skam was discovered

in two pits and several road cuts north of Gypsum Creek during this study. These mineralized

areas were examined by Bureau geologists as were several rock pits and exposures along the

logging roads of Freshwater Bay, Tenakee Inlet, Whitestone Harbor, and Eight-Fathom Bight.

The general geology of eastern Chichagof Island is characterized by a sequence of Silurian

graywacke, argillite, limestone, and conglomerate. These rocks are part of the Point Augusta

Formation. Other rock formations present include the Devonian Kennel Creek Formation

(mainly carbonates) and Freshwater Bay volcanics, the Mississippian lyoukeen Formation

(limestone, siltstone, and shale), and a few Cretaceous siliceous intrusives (191). The following

summaries provide information and analytical results from the significant mineralization

examined by Bureau workers.

Gypsum Creek (map Nos. 21-30)

Bureau geologists examined rock exposures along a logging road on the north side of Gypsum

Creek. The road passes two rock pits and several exposures of skam mineralization on both

sides of the contact between fossiliferous cherty limestone and a diorite intmsive. The

easternmost pit is the larger of the two pits and exposes a zone of sheared homfels and endoskam

22
up to 60 feet wide. This zone locally contains abundant pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite.

Garnet, epidote, diopside, and calcite are discemable in the endoskam. The mineralized skam is

not present throughout the altered zone, and may represent replaced pods of limestone in the

intrusive. A sample of massive pyrrhotite with stringers of chalcopyrite contained 116 ppm

copper and 310 ppm nickel (map No. 21, sample 2076). No precious metal values were found in

this sample. Massive pyrite seams up to 0.5 inches thick are found in the limestone, and fossil

casts are locally imprinted into the pyrite.

The west pit is located about 2.5 miles to the west and exposes similar, but less extensive skam

mineralization. A two-foot-wide zone of gossanous, mineralized homfels containing

chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite was sampled (map No. 28, sample 2080). This sample contained

2,210 ppm copper. Two samples taken from rubble in this pit (map No. 29, samples 2139-2140)

contained up to 1,950 ppm copper, 28 ppm molybdenum, 300 ppm cobalt, 0.4 ppm silver, and

50 ppb gold. Although the metal values in this skam are low, the presence of this type of

mineralization is noteworthy.

East Point (map No. 50)

A rock pit located on the south side of the road above East Point (north of Tenakee Inlet) was

examined during this study. The pit contained float boulders with massive sphalerite and

associated galena and chalcopyrite. Limestone is the dominant rock type in the pit, although a mafic dike trending 015° and dipping 60° northwest cuts through the pit. Several boulders

found adjacent to the dike (although not in outcrop) suggest dike-related mineralizing fluids

contributed to sulfide mineralization. In addition, a few of the sulfide-rich boulders contain

pieces of dike material. Other dikes found in the pit contain pyrite and/or pyrrhotite, but no other

sulfides were found. The sphalerite is reddish-black and yellow in color and occurs as large clots

up to 3 inches across, and as wisps, tubes, and disseminations. It appears to have selectively

replaced portions of the limestone, and does not appear to be stmcturally controlled. Galena and

chalcopyrite are found in lower concentrations within the sphalerite. Much of the limestone

outcrop near the dikes contains ankerite and siderite, but no sulfides were found. High-grade

samples contained up to 52.0 ppm silver, 26.4% zinc, 1 .74% lead, and 460 ppm copper (map No.

50, samples 2048, 2119). The presence of galena may facilitate geophysical exploration to find

extensions of this mineralization along strike under the forest cover.

Big Ledge (map No. 52)

Bureau geologists examined the Big Ledge prospect, located in a gully about 0.25 miles uphill

from the end of the Forest Service 8513 road (west of East Point). This nickel-copper-cobalt occurrence is hosted in a highly fractured, plagioclase-rich mafic dike that intmdes a volcanic

conglomerate. The dike is wedge like in outcrop pattern, up to 40 feet wide, and is emplaced

adjacent to a steeply-dipping, north-south-trending fault. The dike is heavily iron-stained and

very incompetent next to the fault; these characteristics diminish away from the fault. Movement

along the fault probably continued after emplacement of the dike. The dike is exposed in outcrop

23
along the creek. A sloughed trench and two abandoned drill pads were found above the creek.

Mineralization is confined to the dike, and consists of clots and disseminations of chalcopyrite,

malachite, pentlandite, and pyrrhotite. Samples were taken across the dike in three locations and

a high-grade sample was also taken (map No. 52). The weighted average of copper and nickel

contained in samples taken across the widest portion of the dike was 0.91% copper and 0.84%

nickel. A high-grade sample taken from a sulfide-rich portion of the dike contained 7.02%

copper, 4.4% nickel and 910 ppm cobalt (sample 2121).

Reconnaissance (map Nos. 1-20, 31-49)

Additional exploration was conducted during this study on the Eight-Fathom Bight road system,

on several logging roads south of Freshwater Bay near Pavlov River and Kennel Creek, and on

Spasski, Suntaheen, and lyouktug Creeks. Ridgetops north of Tenakee Inlet and Freshwater Bay

were also examined. Iron-stained areas were examined and most were found to be devoid of

sulfide minerals. Sample analyses were generally not encouraging.

A sample of banded homfels taken from a pit along the Eight-Fathom Bight road contained

433 ppm copper, 934 ppm arsenic, 0.6 ppm silver and 55 ppb gold (map No.6, sample 2070).

There were no other significant results from the 14 samples taken along Eight-Fathom Bight

Road.

A mineralized site on the ridgetop north of Tenakee Inlet was examined and sampled (map No.

49, samples 2168-2170). A trench approximately 25 feet long by 15 feet wide exposes

chalcopyrite and pyrite mineralization related to a skam. Accessory minerals include magnetite,

garnet, epidote, quartz, and calcite. Select samples contained up to 2,900 ppm copper, 10 ppm

molybdenum, 240 ppm tungsten, 2.0 ppm silver, and 15 ppb gold.

Skam mineralization was also examined south of lyouktug Creek. A contact between the Kennel

Creek Limestone and a small diorite intrusive hosts this mineral occurrence. Samples taken from

the area contained up to 295 ppm copper, 108 ppm zinc, and 27 ppm molybdenum (map No. 17,

sample 2145).

Hill Point (map Nos. 53-55)

Outcrops along the north shore of Tenakee Inlet from Hill Point to East Point were examined and

sampled. A molybdenite occurrence was identified here by previous workers (188) and Bureau

examination confirmed this. A thin iron-stained selvage zone along the margin of a 1 .5-footthick monzonite dike contained blebs and clots of molybdenite and chalcopyrite. A select sample

contained 280 ppm copper and 237 ppm molybdenum (map No. 53, sample 2742). This zone of

mineralization was limited to a short distance along strike of the dike.

24
Tenakee (map No. 56)

A prospector reported a mercury discovery at the east end of the town of Tenakee near Grave

Island. A prominent bluff composed of granite with pinkish red feldspar and partly covered with

yellow lichen is found here. This pink granite (alaskite) is strongly weathered, and has

decomposed into a reddish-tinged sand. Samples taken by Bureau geologists from the granite

and the sand contained from 90 to 210 ppb mercury (map No. 56, samples 2566-67, 2741) . The

average background of mercury in granite is 80 ppb.

Slocum Arm Molybdenum (map Nos. 69-74)

The Slocum Arm Molybdenum prospect is located 1.5 miles east of Hidden Cove. The prospect

consists of Triassic greenstone intruded by Tertiary granodiorite (191). This prospect was

examined in 1978 by Bureau engineers (304).

Molybdenum mineralization is found scattered in quartz stringers and in felsic to intermediate

dikes along a 020° striking, 55° southeast- to northwest-dipping fault zone that is up to 50 feet

thick. The fault can be traced for 8,500 feet from elevations of 500 to 2,400 feet. A series of

north-northwesterly-striking felsic to intermediate dikes and sills are hosted in greenstone about

1,000 feet east of the fault zone. West-striking, steeply dipping quartz veins up to 0.5 feet thick

are hosted in the greenstone.

The 1978 exainination of the Slocum Arm Molybdenum prospect revealed molybdenum

mineralization in quartz veins, a shear zone with quartz stringers, in fault gouge, in an assortment

of dikes, in greenstone, and in a Tertiary granodiorite intrusive, across an area greater than a

square mile (304). The following analytical data, taken from the 1978 study illustrates the grade

of the molybdenum minerali2ation. Samples from the dikes contained up to 190 ppm

molybdenum; samples from a diorite sill contained 280 ppm molybdenum; samples from the

greenstone contained up to 32 ppm molybdenum; and samples from the quartz veins contained

up to 5,400 ppm molybdenum. The quartz sample contained the highest molybdenum value

found on the property.

Bureau workers attempted to define additional molybdenum mineralization to the north and east

of the main prospect during this study. A 0.7-mile traverse was made along a prominent ridge to

the east. Samples were collected of granodiorite, greenstone, and quartz veins hosted in

greenstone and granodiorite (map Nos. 69-74). These contained up to 6 ppm molybdenum. A

traverse was also made 1,500 feet to the north of the known mineralization. Examination

revealed quartz stringers hosted in greenstone and intermediate dikes and sills in greenstone. A

sample of quartz in greenstone contained 5 ppm molybdenum and 570 ppm copper (map No. 70,

sample 2772). Analysis of dike samples did not reveal significant metal values. Although

similar geology was identified north and east of the Slocum Arm Molybdenum deposit, sampling

failed to reveal additional molybdenum mineralization.

25
Deep Bay (map Nos. 75-78)

Gold was found in stream sediment and bedrock samples on the north side of Deep Bay during a 1979 examination of the area (177). Stream sediment samples contained 12.0 ppm and 0.1 ppm

gold and a 30-foot-long chip sample contained a trace of gold.

The same area was reexamined during this study and several pan concentrate, stream sediment,

and rock samples were taken. A pan concentrate sample contained 125 ppb gold (map no.76,

sample 2701), but all the other samples were devoid of gold. The current work suggests that the

original anomaly may have been the result of a 'nugget’ effect.

Rodman Bay (map No. 83)

Claims at Rodman Bay were originally staked in 1898. During the next six years considerable

development work was accomplished on the property including an 800-foot adit, 7-mile-long rail

line between tidewater and the workings, and a 120-stamp mill (338). All activity at the site

ceased by 1904 (333). Patricia Roppel details the history of the Rodman Bay activity in "The

Gold of Rodman Bay" (261). Her account describes the discovery, participants, financial and

corporate dealings, and the establishment of a small mining town, complete with post office and

general merchandise store. Despite the degree of development, no more than 100 tons of ore were run through the Rodman Bay mill (261). No gold production was ever reported. A total of

12 claims were patented at Rodman Bay. Nine claims were patented at the mine site in 1902

(Mineral Survey 554), and are owned by the State of Alaska. Three claims were patented at tidewater in 1903 (MS 555) and are currently owned by the University of Alaska.

Bureau geologists surveyed, mapped, and sampled the open adit at Rodman Bay during the

current study. This adit is 760 feet long and contains a 30-foot-long drift. The adit was

constructed with spacious dimensions (10 feet high and 12 feet wide) to accommodate ore haulage, although ore was never processed on a large scale at this prospect. The adit was driven

in black phyllite that contains an average of 5-10% quartz veining, with local concentrations

approaching 25% quartz. Strike of the phyllite is generally 0° to 340° with dips ranging fi-om 48°

to 70° southwest. Local variation is evident, but is not related to the concentration of quartz

veining. The drift was driven along a chlorite schist/phyllite contact, but no significant

mineralization was found there. The chlorite schist unit is intercalated with the phyllite for about

95 feet past the drift. Six representative samples were taken in the adit (map No. 83, samples

2204-2209) and the highest gold value was 45 ppb gold (sample 2204). No silver was detected

in these samples.

Kelp Bay (map Nos. 84-94)

USGS workers identified sulfide mineralization at several locations in Kelp Bay (188, 191).

Several of these locations were examined by Bureau geologists during this study. A claim was

reportedly staked for gold near the head of Echo Cove on the east side of Kelp Bay in 1969.

26
Bedrock in the area consists of Kelp Bay Group graywacke and greenschist (191). Quartz veins

from 0.2 feet to 3 feet thick were examined. The veins generally trend 280°, but locally are randomly oriented. The veins contain chlorite schist partings and up to 2% pyrrhotite and a trace

of chalcopyrite. A select sample (map No. 87, sample 2564) of a pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite zone in

a quartz vein contained 4,060 ppm copper. The other veins contained up to 365 ppm copper

(map no. 89, samples 2561-2563, 2537).

In a 1963 report, Loney reported pyrite, chalcopyrite and covellite in quartz veins on either side

of Portage Arm (188). Examination of the east side of Portage Arm revealed scattered quartz

veins hosted in Kelp Bay graywacke and greenstone. Most are concordant (300°/vertical) to the

surrounding bedrock, and contain up to 2% pyrite and pyrrhotite, and a trace of chalcopyrite.

One barren vein was over 16 feet thick (map No. 85, samples 2565, 2739). Quartz rubble found

along the edge of the tidal zone near the head of Portage Arm was stained with limonite and

malachite. It contained blebs of sulfides with up to 1% chalcopyrite. A sample from the rubble

contained 1,810 ppm copper (map No. 89, sample 2740).

Other samples of quartz veins found in the Middle and South Arms of Kelp Bay, and Pond Island

contained low metal values. A sample from altered volcanic rocks in South Arm contained 585

ppm copper and 310 ppm zinc (map No. 94, sample 2113).

Sealion Cove (map Nos. 96-97)

Sealion Cove is located on the northwest end of Kruzof Island. Loney reported the occurrence of

sulfide-bearing quartz veins in pegmatite dikes in a homfelsed aureole surrounding the Sitka

Graywacke (188). These veins contain chalcopyrite and molybdenite.

Examination during this study revealed Sitka Graywacke in contact with homblende-biotite

granodiorite at this location. Quartz-feldspar pegmatite mineralization was found near the

contact. Narrow quartz veins and stringers cut the granodiorite and the homfelsed graywacke.

These veins are exposed in the tidal zone and in bluffs near the shoreline and extend for hundreds

of feet. The veins are in sharp contact with the host rocks, are locally iron-stained, and contain

knots and disseminations of pyrite and arsenopyrite. The veins rarely show traces of molybdenite

and chalcopyrite. Five samples collected from quartz veins contained from less than 5 to 2,450

ppb gold, from 334 to 1,485 ppm arsenic, and up to 24 ppm molybdenum and 108 ppm copper

(map Nos. 96-97). A mbble sample of quartz containing blebs of pyrite and arsenopyrite

contained 640 ppb gold and greater than 10,000 ppm arsenic (map no. 96, sample 2771).

Krestof Island (map No. 98)

A gold prospect located on the northwest comer of Krestof Island was examined. Quartz veins

are exposed in intercalated graywacke and slate in outcrops adjacent to the beach. Several

workings were originally driven to expose these veins, but only a trench and cut in the northwest

comer of the island were discovered during this investigation. Quartz veins fill a shear zone in

27
this trench, and strike 082° with a dip varying from 78° northwest to 85° southeast. Veins are up

to 0.7 feet wide and contain arsenopyrite, pyrite and oxidized sulfides with calcite and chlorite

gangue. Two samples were taken from these quartz veins and one contained visible gold (map

No. 98, sample 2008), although analytical results don’t support this observation! Analysis of

these samples revealed up to 8,050 ppb gold, 1.5 ppm silver, and 152 ppm arsenic (sample 2009).

A second set of quartz veins is located on the beach, 0.25 miles south of the above workings.

These anastomosing, subparallel veins generally strike 030° to 040° and dip from 70° to 84°

southeast. Sulfides are uncommon in these veins and a single representative sample was taken

(map No. 98, sample 2010). Analysis revealed low metal values.

Halleck Island (map No. 99)

During the early 1930's quartz stringers bearing visible gold were discovered at the high tide line

on the southwest side of Halleck Island. Subsequent examination revealed the limited extent of

these stringers (235). A 5- by 12- by 80-foot-deep shaft, and a 66-foot-long adit were driven

along strike of the discovery shear zone that contains the stringers. Subsequent development

work, coupled with sloughing, has increased the dimensions of these workings.

Bureau geologists found a 125-foot adit, a flooded 7- by 10-foot shaft, and a dump during this

study. The dump extends into the tidal zone and covers the original discovery location (as

discerned from the literature). The rusted remains of a concrete-mounted diesel engine and a compressor are located southwest of the adit.

The adit follows a shear zone in graywacke that strikes 330° and dips 43° northeast, and is up to

3.5 feet vdde. A two-foot-thick greenstone dike approximately follows the shear zone. Quartzcalcite stringers less than one inch wide are within and adjacent to the shear. Five chip samples

from the shear zone and dike contained from less than 5 ppb to 295 ppb gold (map No.99). A

bluff composed of massive greenstone is located just east of the adit portal. Overburden prevents

exploration to the southeast, beyond the underground workings.

Magoun Island (map Nos. 100-105)

Molybdenite mineralization was reportedly found on the northwest coast of the Magoun Islands

during geologic mapping by the USGS. Bureau personnel confirmed this during the current

study, and sampled several quartz veins hosted in quartz diorite that contained molybdenite and

chalcopyrite. Sulfide-bearing quartz veins are scarce and spaced irregularly over several miles.

The sulfide mineralization was found both disseminated and in clots. Sulfide-bearing zones are up to 0.33 feet wide and contained up to 2-3% combined sulfides. These zones are separated by

up to 0.25 miles; so although mineralization was found, it is not abundant. Several samples were

taken (map Nos. 100-105), and the highest metal values obtained were 1% copper (sample 2012),

800 ppm molybdenum (sample 2011), and 8.0 ppm silver (sample 2012).

28
Siginaka Island (map Nos. 106-108)

The discovery of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and covellite disseminated in iron-stained greenstone of the

Khaz Formation on the northern island of the Siginaka Islands was reported by Loney, et al

(188). Current Bureau investigation revealed narrow zones of iron-stained silicified greenstone

with sparse pyrite. Five samples were collected from these zones (map Nos. 106- 108). Sample

2710 (map No. 106) contained 505 ppb gold and 332 ppm copper; the remaining analyses were

near or below detection levels.

Warm Springs Bay (map Nos. 110-132)

El Paso Natural Gas Co. staked a large block of claims in 1973 that extended from the north side

of Warm Springs Bay to Chatham Strait, a distance of 2.5 miles (321). These claims cover a

porphyry copper deposit. Although no information was released by the company about their

work, an unpublished Kennecott Corporation report listing the 100 most important mineral

deposits in Alaska mentioned this deposit.

Examination revealed copper-molybdenum-zinc mineralization scattered across a one squaremile area stretching from the abandoned townsite of Manleyville east to Chatham Strait and then

one mile north up the coast. The mineralization is found at sea level and extends to over 1,700

feet in elevation. The area consists of Eocene homblende-biotite tonalite (191) and hornblende

biotite granodiorite that contain septa and inclusions of Triassic biotite schist, gneiss,

amphibolite, and phyllite (191). A homfels zone was identified in the contact area.

The most extensive zone of copper-molybdenum mineralization is exposed along the north shore

of Warm Springs Bay. Tonalite with inclusions of granodiorite contain pyrite, chalcopyrite, and

molybdenite disseminated in the silicified tonalite, along the edges of the granodiorite, and in

fracture-controlled quartz stringers. Exposures to the west of Manleyville contain mostly pyrite

(up to 5%) and little chalcopyrite or molybdenite. To the east of Manleyville, a 300-foot-long

exposure contains more abundant chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Twenty chip samples were

taken. The mathematical average of sample results was 600 ppm copper and 85 ppm

molybdenum. The highest metal V2ilues were found in a 10-foot-long chip sample (map No. 129,

sample 2718) that contained 1,550 ppm copper and 600 ppm molybdenum. A select sample

across a 1.5-foot-thick quartz lens contained 5,300 ppm copper and 925 ppm molybdenum

(sample 2725)

Small amounts of molybdenite and sphalerite were found in narrow quartz stringers hosted in

granodiorite about 0.75 miles east of Manleyville. Samples of the stringers contained up to 1,650

ppb molybdenum and 1,100 ppm zinc (map Nos. 124-125, samples 2579, 2749). Seven stream

sediment samples collected to the east and west of Manleyville did not contain significant metal

values. Samples collected from quartz stringers and tonalite located to the north of the 300-footlong beach showing contained up to 570 ppm copper and 54 ppm molybdenum (map Nos. 126-

128, samples 2545-47, 2577)

29
Examinations along the ridge crest, 0.5 to 0.75 miles north of Manleyville, revealed significantly

less silica alteration and pyrite in the tonalite. Samples collected from the slightly altered tonalite

contain variable amounts of pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, and sphalerite (map Nos. 1 1 8-

120). Analyses revealed up to 7,200 ppm zinc (sample 2753), 1,900 ppm copper (sample 2587),

and 550 ppm molybdenum (sample 2754).

A fault zone found about 1.5 miles northeast of Manleyville extends to Chatham Strait. This

zone contains boulders of quartz and silicified tonalite, and a quartz vein containing pyrite,

chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. Three samples were taken (map No. 1 14), and they contained up to

1,750 ppm copper (sample 2751), 544 ppm bismuth, and 2,750 ppm zinc (sample 2584).

Much of the mineralization observed was foimd along or near a northeasterly striking, steeply

dipping shear zone that extends fi-om Manleyville to Chatham Strait. Zinc values increase and

molybdenum values decrease to the north-northeast along the zone. The contact between the

metamorphic rocks (homfelsed schist, gneiss, amphibolite and phyllite), and intrusives (tonalite

and granodiorite) is at the north edge of the area.

The discontinuous nature of the mineralization and the low metal vedues do not encourage further

surface examination of this deposit. However, geophysics, detailed soil sampling, and drilling

might result in the discovery of more extensive, higher-grade mineralization.

Silver Bay Area, Sitka

Prospecting for gold in the Silver Bay area southeast of Sitka began around 1870. Development

of the Stewart Mine represents the earliest lode gold deposit to be mined in Alaska. Despite its early beginnings, the Silver Bay area produced only minor amounts of gold. The two most

prominent properties were the Stewart and Lucky Chance Mines. Many additional prospects

were developed in the area over the years, the names and history of which are somewhat

confusing. Numerous adits, shafts, and surface workings remain as evidence of the early

prospecting activity.

Gold in the Silver Bay area is associated with discontinuous veins and lenses of quartz that are hosted in graywacke and argillite of the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Sitka Graywacke (191).

The quartz veins are up to 16 feet thick (e. g., Stewart), but are generally barren. They commonly

include fragments and partings of graywacke and argillite, but very few sulfides. The sulfides

present are pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, and rare galena. The veins and lenses are commonly

parallel to the structure in the country rock, that is generally northwest-trending and steeply

dipping.

Gangola (map No. 134)

Joseph Gangola, a Sitka prospector, staked a tungsten claim on the northeast side of Silver Bay

between Herring Cove and Bear Cove. Bureau workers examined the area and found a quartz

30
vein exposed in the bed of a small stream and two additional quartz veins located 130 and 145

feet to the southeast. The veins are hosted in Kelp Bay greenstone. They strike 035° to 070°,

dip steeply, and are up to 1.5 feet thick along a 15-foot strike length. Scheelite, chalcopyrite, and

pyrrhotite were found in the veins. The southernmost vein is exposed at an elevation of 260 feet

by a small open cut measuring 5 feet wide. This vein contained the most sulfides and highest

metal values. A 1 .5-foot-long chip sample taken across the vein at the cut contained 80 ppb gold,

375 ppm copper, and 380 ppm tungsten (map No. 134, sample 2570). A sample of sulfidebearing, iron-stained greenstone on either side of the vein contained 570 ppb gold, 960 ppm

copper, and 1,100 ppm tungsten (map No. 134, sample 2572). A select dump sample of sulfidebearing quartz contained 85 ppb gold, 260 ppm copper, and 760 ppm tungsten (map No. 134,

sample 2573). Samples of the remaining quartz veins contained up to 450 ppb gold, 169 ppm

copper, and 180 ppm timgsten (sample 2575).

Apex (map No. 136)

The Apex prospect is located on the west side of Silver Bay, northwest of the Liberty prospect.

Historical reference to this property is limited (180). Bureau geologists examined the Apex area and found abundant quartz float in a small creek, a quartz-breccia vein cropping out in a fault

zone, and an eight-foot adit. The vein strikes 330°, dips 75° southwest, and is up to 1.7 feet

wide. Arsenopyrite and trace chalcopyrite were found in the vein and associated gouge zone. A

sample across the vein (map No. 136, sample 2018) contained 270 ppm copper, 44 ppm arsenic,

and 0.2 ppm silver. A select sample of quartz float found in a nearby creek contained 920 ppm

copper and 1.0 ppm silver (map No. 136, sample 2017).

Liberty (map No. 137)

The Liberty property is mentioned in a report on mining in Alaska in 1896-1897 (39). Its discovery date is unknown. The property includes two adits that are 30 feet and 300 feet in

length. The adits were mapped and sampled during this study. The adits are adjacent to each

other and are found within 10 feet of high-tide line on the west side of Silver Bay. The adits cut

graywacke, graywacke and phyllite, and slate. In the longer adit, a discontinuous quartz vein is

exposed for about 100 feet and is up to 5 feet wide. It is a continuation of a vein that is exposed

in a creek 80 feet above the adit. The vein is situated along a fault zone between slate on the

footwall, and graywacke and phyllite on the hanging wall. In places the vein forms the matrix of

a fault breccia. The quartz contains only minor sulfides, mainly pyrite. Analytical results

revealed low precious metal values. The highest gold value was 60 ppb across 3 feet (map No.

137, sample 2236). Most of the samples had elevated arsenic values and two samples contained

more than 2 ppm mercury.

Edgecumbe Exploration Lode (map No. 138)

The history of the Edgecumbe Exploration Lode is unknown. A mill was erected on the

property, reportedly to process ore from the adjacent workings as well as from other claims in

31
Silver Bay. The mine is on the Bonanza numbers 22 and 23 claims of the Edgecumbe

Exploration Company of the 1940s (J. Burgess, personal communication). The workings include a 120-foot adit with a winze, and a raise to the surface.

Bureau persoimel mapped and sampled the adit. The adit was driven in graywacke to undercut a

four-foot-wide quartz vein that crops out near the top of the raise. The vein is emplaced along a

fault zone. Underground, the quartz reaches a width of five feet, but pinches and swells along

strike. The vein is oriented about 320° and dips 60° to 85° to the southwest. It pinches out to the

southeast and is cut off by faulting to the northwest. Subhorizontal fault movement after vein

emplacement is evident by lineations on the vein's margins. Much of the vein is made up of

barren milky quartz, but graphitic ribbon texture is also present. Pyrite and arsenopyrite are present as disseminations as well as localized near the vein ribbons. Analytical results indicated

relatively low precious metal values. The highest assays were 1 .8 ppm gold in a select sample

(map No. 138, sample 2162) and 1.2 ppm gold across 0.7 feet (sample 2161). As elsewhere in

the Silver Bay area, high arsenic and elevated mercury values are associated with the higher gold

values.

Eureka (map No. 139)

The Eureka prospect is located on the west side of the head of Silver Bay at elevations of 210

feet to 300 feet. Historical information on this prospect is limited to a general map location

provided by Knopf (180). Bureau geologists foimd an 85-foot-long adit at an elevation of 210

feet, and a caved adit to the north at 300 feet elevation. The adit exposes a 2-inch-thick quartz

vein in a fault zone that is localized along a slate-graywacke contact. The fault zone strikes 310°

and dips 75° southwest. A sample taken across the vein contained 28 ppm gold, 3.2 ppm silver,

and 4,060 ppm arsenic (map No. 139, sample 2245). Samples of quartz float taken below the

caved adit contained 30 ppb gold and nil silver (map No. 139, sample 2243).

Lower Ledge (map No. 140)

The Lower Ledge prospect initially mentioned in 1905 (65) and again in 1912 (53) is believed to

be the same property as the Haley and Rodgers prospect mentioned in a 1 898 report (39). No

more of the history of the property is known. Bureau personnel located and mapped a 63-foot

adit and flooded shaft near the Silver Bay trail at the head of Silver Bay. These workings most

closely fit the described location and details of the Lower Ledge prospect. The adit was driven

on a 1 .5-foot-vdde shear zone in Sitka Graywacke and contains quartz stringers up to 0.5 inches

wide. The shear is oriented 290° and is vertical to steeply southwest dipping. Samples taken

from the adit contained no visible sulfides and had no detectable precious metal values (map No.

140). Samples of quartz from the dump near the shaft contained minor pyrite, arsenopyrite, and

a trace of galena. Most of the dump samples had very low precious metal values. One select

sample of float from the creek near the shaft contained >2.3 ppm gold (map No. 140, sample

2518).

32
Stewart (map No. 141)

Gold-bearing quartz veins were discovered at the Stewart Mine in 1872 (180). Mining began in

1877 (171) and included the driving of three adits. In 1879, a 10-stamp mill began to process ore

(180). By 1880, the mine was closed and in the following years was the subject of litigation (2).

One claim was patented in 1904 (MS567). The current owner is unknown.

Bureau geologists mapped and sampled underground workings and surface exposures during this

study. The quartz vein at the Stewart Mine is exposed in outcrop and by the three adits over a

horizontal distance of 200 feet and vertical distance of 120 feet. The vein appears to be faultbounded on both ends and in places is offset by east-northeast-trending faults. The vein reaches

a maximum width of over 16 feet, but averages about 5 to 6 feet in width. The quartz locally

contains inclusions and partings of graywacke, which hosts the vein. Pyrite is the only visible

sulfide present and is concentrated near the inclusions or partings. Analytical results revealed the

presence of arsenopyrite as well. Samples of the vein generally contained low gold values. The

highest values from Bureau sampling were 3,130 ppb gold over a 3-foot by 5-foot area (map No.

141, sample 2202) and 2,720 ppb gold across 5 feet (map No. 141, sample 2201). A sample of

mill concentrate contained 58 ppm gold, 2,000 ppm lead, >1% arsenic, and >0.1% mercury (map

No. 141, sample 2222).

Unknown name (map No. 142)

Bureau personnel located an adit 0.5 miles northwest of the Bauer prospect whose name and

history is unknown. The adit crosscuts graywacke, and graywacke with interbedded phyllite.

Two hundred forty feet from the portal, a 24-foot drift follows a silicified, brecciated zone in

graywacke at a contact with greenstone. This sheared zone is oriented 295° and is steeply

dipping. Thin quartz stringers are found at a high angle to the shear in this zone. The greenstone

southwest of the shear contains minor pyrite on fracture surfaces. Samples from the adit

contained very low precious metal values (map No. 142). The highest grade sample contained

60 ppb gold across 3.5 feet (sample 2223). All samples had elevated arsenic values and two

contained 1.6 and 1.9 ppm mercury (samples 2225, 2223). The high mercury values correlate

with high gold values at this prospect.

Bauer (map No. 143)

The history of the Bauer property is incomplete. It is mentioned in a report as early as 1904

(338), by which time at least 900 feet of workings had been completed. By 1912, a 150-foot drift

had been added to the workings (180). Bureau personnel mapped and sampled the Bauer adit.

The working crosscuts graywacke and lesser phyllite and drifts along a zone of fine-grained

quartz and quartz stringers containing minor amounts of pyrite and pyrrhotite. The quartz-rich

zone is localized on a northwest-trending fault, similar to other properties in the Silver Bay area. Analytical results indicated low precious metal values. Sample 2214 (map No. 143) taken across

1 .5 feet contained 280 ppb gold and below detection limits of silver. Arsenic was detected and a

33
small mercury anomaly was detected as well.

Pinta Lake (map Nos. 144-146)

Several outcrops of quartz near Pinta Lake, and along the ridge, west of the lake, toward Silver

Bay were examined by Bureau geologists during this study. Quartz veins and pods are up to 6

feet wide, however most are barren of sulfide mineralization. The quartz is emplaced in fault

zones, but there is little continuity to any of the occurrences. A sample taken near the outlet of

Pinta Lake contained 205 ppb gold, 0.4 ppm silver, and 2,550 ppm arsenic (map No. 146, sample

2218).

Free Gold (map No. 147)

The Free Gold prospect was mentioned in a report in 1904 (65) and again in 1912 (53). It was

described as being "partly developed" at those times, but no more of the site's history is known.

An unpublished claim map of the Silver Bay area locates a Free Gold adit about 0.25 miles north

of the northern Lucky Chance Lake. Bureau geologists did not locate the adit in 1995, but

collected samples of quartz veins and veinlets from outcrops and trenches in the area. The veins

are hosted in massive graywacke that also includes interbeds of phyllite. The veins strike

northeast and dip about 70° to the northwest. There are no visible sulfides in the quartz veins,

but iron staining is present. Analytical results indicated low precious metal values (map No. 147,

samples 2 1 54-2 1 56).

Lucky Chance Mountain (map Nos. 148, 149, 151-154)

While investigating the Lucky Chance Mine, Bureau geologists discovered several adits and

trenches driven on quartz veins in the area. One set of workings lies about 0.5 miles southeast of

the Lucky Chance adits. These workings consist of 4 trenches and a 20-foot adit. The quartz

veins generally strike northwest and dip steeply to the southwest and northeast. They are

typically hosted by graywacke and phyllite. Many of the veins are cut by northwest-trending

faults. Sulfides are rare. Select samples of iron-stained quartz with pyrite and arsenopyrite

contained 4,840 ppb gold (map No. 154, sample 2229) and 2,230 ppb gold (map No. 152, sample

2158).

Bureau personnel examined an adit and trench on the east side of the northern Lucky Chance

lake, northeast of the Lucky Chance Mine. The workings expose quartz lenses and stringers that are situated along a fault zone oriented 332° and dipping 67° northeast. The quartz is hosted by

phyllite and graywacke and is exposed for 90 feet along strike and 35 feet vertically. Sulfides are

rare and include pyrite and arsenopyrite. Precious metal values were low. A select sample taken

from float on the northwest side of the same lake contained 1,180 ppb gold (map No. 148,

sample 2153).

34
Lucky Chance (map No. 150)

The Lucky Chance Mine was discovered between 1871 and 1880, but its early history is unclear.

By 1 887, a 5-stamp mill was in operation and about 60 tons of ore had been processed from two

adits. By 1904 a 10-stamp mill, a sawmill and a water-power plant were in operation. Although

the total production from the mine is unknown, 1 ,200 tons of ore were reportedly removed from

slopes above the main, 468-foot-long adit. In addition to this adit, workings included a 45-foot

adit, a shaft, an open slope or glory hole, and other small open cuts and trenches (257). A

detailed study of the property v^dth accompanying maps was done by Roehm in 1940 (257). The

Lucky Chance workings were driven on quartz veins and stringers in graywacke and phyllite.

The quartz contains gold and minor silver in addition to pyrite, arsenopyrite, plus a trace of

galena.

Bureau examination revealed that all workings at the mine site are inaccessible and no

mineralized rock is visible in outcrop. Quartz from the mine dumps contains visible gold and

two select samples contained 19.3 ppm and 16.9 ppm gold (map No. 150, samples 2210 and

2212, respectively). A sample of mill concentrate contained 27 ppm gold, 13 ppm silver, 1,250

ppm lead and greater than 1% arsenic (map No. 150, sample 2213).

Goddard Hot Springs (map Nos. 156-159)

Radium was first reported at Goddard Hot Springs in 1942 (327). Investigation by USGS

geologists in 1955 did not reveal any associated mineral deposits (327). Allanite, monazite,

sphene, and zircon found in local granites may account for the elevated radioactive count in the area (309).

Bureau geologists examined the contact between granodiorite and Sitka Graywacke near Crane

Cove, north of Goddard Hot Springs, during this study. Homfelsed graywacke and argillite and

crosscutting silicic dikes were found 0.25 miles north of the contact. Some of the dikes grade

from pegmatite to granodiorite. The granodiorite to the south of the contact contains pegmatite

zones. A cursory examination was also made north and south of the contact. Samples from this

work did not reveal radioactive elements.

Red Bluff Bay (map Nos. 160-165)

The Red Bluff Bay deposit is located in the northeast comer of Red Bluff Bay, about 25 air miles

southeast of Sitka. The Bay takes its name from the bare reddish-brown weathered surface of

chromite-bearing ultramafic rocks that underlie 1 .25 square miles on a long ridge north and east

of the bay. Steep slopes rise from the shore to the ridge crest that ranges in elevation from 520 to

1 ,200 feet.

Chromite was first recognized in the area in 1933 when 28 claims were staked. During the

1940s, the Alaska Juneau Mining Company held the claims. The USGS mapped and sampled

35
the deposit in 1941 (104). There has been little exploration activity on the deposit since.

The ultramafic rocks are bounded by faults and it is thought to have been tectonically emplaced.

Greenschist and phyllite surround the intrusive mass (191). The ultramafic rocks consist of

partly serpentinized dunite and pyroxenite (clinopyroxenite). Pyroxenite predominates in the

northwestern half of the area and crops out in large irregular masses. The dunite predominates in

the east and southern portions of the body. The pyroxenite and dunite are finely interlayered in

places. Pyroxenite is commonly altered to amphibolite. The dunite includes bands of

pyroxenite-rich layers that strike north and dip steeply. Chromite is found disseminated in the

dunite, and in richer layers and bands within the dunite that are parallel to the pyroxenite bands.

Zones containing disseminations and small lenses of chromite are up to 30 feet wide and several

hundred feet long. Chromite lenses up to 3 feet wide and 40 feet long have been found. The

chromite pods formed as magmatic segregations during cooling of the intrusive mass.

Eight areas of chromite mineralization scattered over a 6,000-foot-long area have been identified

by previous workers. These areas contain from 18 to 40 percent Cr203 and a 30,000-ton resource has been identified. The chromite to iron ratio ranges from 18.65 to 50.56 percent (110).

The Red Bluff Bay chromite deposits are small and low grade and contain an insufficient chrome

to iron ratio to attract serious interest from a mining or exploration company. The style of

mineralization and characteristics of the intrusive body at Red Bluff Bay is similar to that found

at the Hill prospect, but not typical of a zoned Alaska-type ultramafic body common in Southeast

Alaska (e.g. Union Bay).

Two pan concentrate samples were taken during this study to determine the presence of

platinum-group metals (PGM) in the deposit (map Nos. 160, 162, samples 2036, 2037).

Although chromium values were high, only trace amoimts of PGM were detected.

Patterson Bay (map Nos. 166-173)

There are no known mineral deposits in Patterson Bay, but a splay off the Chatham Strait fault

cuts greenstone and biotite tonalite/homblende granodiorite along most of the bay. Movement

along the fault has produced an extensive area of mylonitization (191), but subsequent movement

may have opened up conduits for ore-forming fluids. Bureau geologists examined beach

outcrops and took several representative samples (map Nos. 166-173). Outcrops on the west side

of the bay consist of metachert, silica breccias, greenstone and chlorite schist, and an extensive

section of siliceous intrusive rocks to the north. Sulfide mineralization and quartz veining is

sparse in these outcrops. Chalcopyrite-bearing float was found in one location (map No. 173,

sample 2033), and molybdenite in another (map No. 169, sample 2715).

The east side of Patterson Bay consists of mylonitized tonalite and greenstone. Examination of

this area is hampered by steep cliffs and precipitous terrain. Fragments of silicified tonalite with

disseminated pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite were found in talus slopes. Grab samples (map

36
Nos. 165, 171, samples 2533, 2536) of the rubble contained up to 970 ppb gold, 3,100 ppm

copper, and 4,820 ppm arsenic. Four stream sediment samples collected in the area contained up

to 90 ppb gold (map No. 171, sample 2535) and 102 ppm copper (map No. 167, sample 2531).

Snipe Bay (map Nos. 174-180)

Copper-nickel mineralization hosted in mafic intrusive rocks at Snipe Bay has attracted extensive

exploration efforts. A USGS report was written on this deposit (234) and Inspiration

Development Company drilled the deposit in 1974. A resource estimate for the deposit is

roughly 94,000 tons at 0.94% copper and 0.33% nickel (321).

The main deposit was not reevaluated during this study, although beach traverses were made

throughout Snipe Bay in search of similar float rocks or other sulfide mineralization. Ironstained zones visible along the coastal cliffs near the mouth of Snipe Bay, southwest of the

known deposit,, were barren of mineralization. The staining was due to oxidation of biotite

and/or pyrite-pyrrhotite found in the biotite-quartz schist bedrock. Four samples taken in this area all contained low metal values (map Nos. 179-180, samples 2108, 2019-2021). Streamsediment samples were collected along the northern shore of Snipe Bay and at the head of the bay

(map Nos. 174-177). The four samples collected did not contain significant metal values. Sitka

Graywacke is the dominant formation in the area.

Redfish Bay (map No. 181)

The Redfish Bay occurrence is located near the head of Troller Bay on the west side of Baranof

Island. Geology of the area consists of zoned microcline-perthite-quartz-muscovite pegmatite

lenses and dikes hosted in Tertiary homblende-biotite tonalite (191). The first claims were

staked in 1906 (as a gold lode) and the area has not been restaked since. The USGS (267)

evaluated the prospect in 1953 and reported that commercially valuable feldspar, mica, and

optical quartz were present . The property was reevaluated by the USBM (19) in 1960 and

results from that investigation did not support the USGS findings.

A small portion of the pegmatite zone was examined during the current study by Bureau

geologists. Radioactive anomalies were not found. Two samples were collected across the

zoned pegmatite and no rare-earth elements or other ore minerals were detected.

Port Lucy (map Nos. 182-185)

The only indication of mineralization in the Port Lucy area is a report of an abandoned mining

claim in 1906 (333). The area consists of foliated graywacke (striking 330°) that hosts

concordant quartz-stringer zones. These zones contain sparse quantities of pyrite and pyrrhotite.

Veins sampled at four locations in Port Lucy did not contain significant metal values.

37
Port Armstrong/Port Conclusion (map Nos. 186-195)

Several individual quartz veins hosted in graywacke and argillite were sampled by Bureau

geologists along the shores of Port Conclusion and Port Armstrong. No known deposits are located here, but previous claim staking prompted this investigation. Most quartz veins in the area are concordant to the foliation in the host rock (strike of 3 10° to 040°), however fracturefilling veins oblique to foliation are also present. An iron-stained area in faulted, silicified

graywacke was found on the east side of Port Conclusion. This zone contains a quartzstockwork that is anomalous in the area, and probably represents the area staked as the

'Lonesome Dollar' claims.

Samples taken during this study contained low metal values (map No. 193, sample 2027).

Eleven samples were taken to characterize the sulfide mineralization in the Port Conclusion/Port

Armstrong area (map Nos. 186-195). Results were not encouraging. The highest metal values

obtained from Bureau samples were 45 ppb gold, 0.2 ppm silver, 455 ppm copper, 12 ppm

molybdenum, 44 ppm lead, and 238 ppm zinc.

Conclusions

The Baranof and Chichagof Islands area contains several areas with medium to high mineral

development potential. The productive gold mines in the Klag Bay area (Chichagof and HirstChichagof) and on McCann Creek, near Pelican (Apex El Nido) are currently being explored for

additional resources. Magmatic segregation deposits containing nickel, copper, and cobalt are found at Bohemia Basin and Mirror Harbor. A small copper-nickel deposit is hosted in

ultramafic rocks at Snipe Bay. Porphyry copper and molybdenum deposits are found at Slocum

Arm, Warm Springs Bay, and Patterson Bay. The mineralization at Warm Springs Bay is

extensive, and, although of low-grade, merits additional exploration effort.

No new ore bodies were discovered during this study, but several areas of mineralization warrant

further investigation. Copper mineralization along the east shore of Patterson Bay was

discovered during this study and merits additional work. The Silver Bay area contains several

gold prospects, all of these contain very low-grade gold-quartz veins. Weak copper

mineralization in skam was found near Gypsum Creek. High-grade zinc mineralization was

examined in a rock pit near East Point, north of Tenakee Inlet. Pods of massive sphalerite with

lesser quantities of chalcopyrite and galena were found in marble float boulders on the pit floor.

Additional work should be done at this site to determine the extent of mineralization.

38
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296. Stewart, B. D. Report on Cooperation Between the Territory of Alaska and the United States in

Making Mining Investigations and in the Inspection of Mines for the Biennium Ending March

31, 1931. AK Terr. Dep. of Mines, 1932, pp. 6, 27-30.

297. Stewart, B. D. Mining Investigations and Mine Inspections in Alaska, Biennium Ending March

31, 1933. AK Terr. Dep. of Mines, 1934, pp. 10-13.

298. Stewart, B. D. Report of the Commissioner of Mines to the Governor for the Biennium Ending

December 31, 1936. AK Terr. Dep. of Mines, 1937, pp. 45-48, 52, 53.

299. Stewart, B. D. Report of the Commissioner of Mines to the Governor for the Biennium Ending

December 31, 1938. AK Terr. Dep. of Mines, 1939, pp. 36-39, 41-45.

300. Stewart, B. D. Report of the Commissioner of Mines for the Biennium Ending December 3 1

1946. AKTerr. Dep. of Mines, 1947, p. 15.

62
301 . Stewart, B. D. Report of the Commissioner of Mines for the Biennium Ending December 3 1

,

1948. AK Terr. Dep. of Mines, 1949, p. 14.

302. Stewart, B. D., and B. W. Dyer. Annual Report of the Territorial Mine Inspector to the Governor

of Alaska, 1921. AK Terr. Dep. of Mines, 1922, pp. 11, 40-46.

303. Still, J. C. Distribution of Gold, Platinum, Palladium, and Silver in Selected Portions of

Bohemia Basin Deposits, Southeast Alaska (With an Appendix on Mirror Harbor). BuMines

OFR 10-88, 1988, 42 pp., 10 sheets.

304. Still, J. C., and K. R. Weir. Mineral Land Assessment of the West Portion of Western Chichagof

Island, Alaska. BuMines OFR 89-81, 1981, 168 pp.

305. Storm, L. W. Report on Slim and Jim Copper Prospect, Point Urey, Chichagof Island.

Unpublished Rep., 1917, 4 pp., available from BLM, Jimeau, AK.

306. Taylor, C. D., R. J. Goldfarb, L. W. Snee, C. A. Gent, S. M. Karl, and P. J. Haeussler. New Age

Data for Gold Deposits and Granites, Chichagof Mining District, SE Alaska: Evidence for a

Common Origin. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. With Prog., v. 26, No. 7, 1994, 1 p.

307. The Alaska Geographic Society. Sitka and its Ocean/Island World. AK Geographic, v. 9, No. 2,

1982, 128 pp.

308. Thome, R. L. Chichagof-Alaskan Mining Corp. Lucky Devil Cledms, Chichagof Island, Alaska.

BuMines Exam. Rep., unpublished, 1960, 9 pp., available from BLM, Juneau, AK.

309. Thome, R. L. Slocum Arm Molybdenum Deposit, Southeastern Alaska. Unpublished BuMines

Min. Memo, 1952, 2 pp., available from BLM, Juneau, AK.

310. Thome, R. L. Chichagof Mining District, Sitka Quadrangle, Southeastern Alaska. BuMines

Situation Rep., 1967, 5 pp.

311. Thome, R. L. N. M. Muir, A. W. Erickson, B. I. Thomas, H. E. Heide, and W. S. Wright.

Timgsten Deposits in Alaska. BuMines RI 4174, 1948, pp. 5, 48-51.

312. Townsend, H. H. Mining Reports, Itinerary Report. AK Terr. Dep. of Mines, Itinerary Rep. IR

195-47, 1924, p. 14.

313. Traver, W. M. Appendix to War Minerals Report, Mirror Harbor Nickel Deposits, Chichagof

Island, Alaska. Unpublished Rep., 1942, 54 pp., available from BLM, Juneau, AK.

314. Traver, W. M. Mirror Harbor Nickel Deposits, Chichagof Island, Alaska. BuMines RI 4168,

1948, 13 pp.

63
315. Twenhofel, W. S. Geology of the Proposed Blue Lake Dam Site and Tunnel near Sitka, Alaska.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Circ. 147, 1951, 4 pp., 1 plate.

316. Twenhofel, W. S. Potential Alaska Mineral Resources for Proposed Electrochemical and

Electrometallurgical Industries in the Upper Lynn Canal Area, Alaska. U. S. Geol. Surv. Circ.

252, 1953, pp. 5, 7.

317. Twenhofel, W. S., J. C. Reed, and G. O. Gates. Some Mineral Investigations in Southeastern

Alaska. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 963-A, 1949, pp. 20-28.

3 1 8. Twenhofel, W. S., and C. L. Sainsbury. Fault Patterns in Southeastern Alaska. Geol. Soc.

America Bull., v. 69, No. 11, 1958, pp. 1431-1442.

319. U. S. Bureau of Mines. Yakobi Island, Sitka Mining District, Alaska. War Minerals Rep. 174,

1944, 73 pp.

320. U. S. Bureau of Mines. Mirror Harbor, Chichagof Island, Alaska. War Minerals Rep. 333, 1945,

9 pp.

321 . U. S. Bureau of Mines. Alaska 1 :250,000 Scale Quadrangle Map Overlays and Paper Copy

Showing Mineral Deposit Locations, Principal Minerals, Number and Type of Claims, and

Historical Information, includes MAS database reference. BuMines OFR20-73, 1973, updated in

1986-87.

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Surv. Open File Rep. 79-529, 1979, scale 1:250,000.

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MR 1 14-9, date unknown, 58 pp.

324. Walton, M. S., and G. C. Kennedy. Magnetic Exploration of the Nickel-Copper Deposits of

Bohemia Basin, Southeastern Alaska. Econ. Geol. v.'40, No. 7, 1945, pp. 496-502.

325. Wanek, A. A., and J. E. Callahan. Geology of Proposed Powersites at Deer Lake and Kasnyku

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326. Wells, R. R. Mineral Dressing Report, Cobol-Molybdenum Ore. Unpublished Rep., 1952, 2 pp.,

available from BLM, Juneau, AK.

327. West, W. S., and P. D. Benson. Investigations for Radioactive Deposits in Southeastern Alaska.

U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 1024-B, 1955, pp. 45-50.

64
328. Williams, J. A. Cobol Deposit, Slocum Arm, Chichagof Island. Unpublished Rep., 1928, 3 pp.,

available from BLM, Juneau, AK.

329. Williams, J. A. Itinerary Report of Leo J. Saarela and James A. Williams for the Period 15 June

to 27 June, 1951 in the Juneau, Sitka, and Petersburg Precincts. AK Terr. Dep. of Mines

Itinerary Rep. IR 191-1, 1951, 5 pp.

330. Williams, J. A. Property Exam Report, Ariel Property, Sitka Quadrangle, Gold and Timgsten.

AK Terr. Dep. of Mines Property Exam. PE 1 14-13, 1955, 5 pp., 2 maps.

33 1 . Winchell, H. V. Report on the Property of the Alaska Nickel Mines, Mirror Harbor. AK Terr.

Dep. of Mines Miscellaneous Rep. MR 1 14-2, 1918, 15 pp.

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Investigations of Mineral Resources of Alaska in 1905. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 284-F, 1906, pp.

58-59.

333. Wright, C. W. Lode Mining in Southeastern Alaska, Sitka Mining District. Ch. in Report on

Progress of Investigations of Mineral Resources of Alaska in 1906. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 314-

C, 1907, pp. 59-61.

334. Wright, C. W. Nonmetalliferous Mineral Resources of Southeastern Alaska, Gypsum. Ch. in

Report on Progress of Investigations of Mineral Resources of Alaska in 1906. U. S. Geol. Surv.

Bull. 314-D, 1907, pp. 79-80.

335. Wright, C. W. Lode Mining in Southeastern Alaska, 1907. Ch. in Mineral Resources of Alaska

- Report on Progress of Investigations in 1907. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 345-D, 1908, pp. 78-97.

336. Wright, C. W. The Building Stones and Materials of Southeastern Alaska. Ch. in Mineral

Resources of Alaska - Report on Progress of Investigations in 1907. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 345-

F, 1908, pp. 124-125.

337. Wright, C. W. Mining in Southeastern Alaska. Ch. in Mineral Resources ofAlaska - Report on

Progress of Investigations in 1908. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 379-D, 1909, pp. 73, 85.

338. Wright, F. E., and C. W. Wright. Economic Developments in Southeastern Alaska, Sitka Mining

District. Ch. in Report on Progress of Investigations of Mineral Resources of Alaska in 1904. U.

S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 259-D, 1905, pp. 57-59.

339. Wright, F. E., and C. W. Wright. Lode Mining In Southeastern Alaska. Ch. in Report on

Progress of Investigations of Mineral Resources of Alaska in 1905. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 284-

E, 1906, p. 45.

65
340. Yehle, L. A. Reconnaissance Engineering Geology of Sitka and Vicinity, Alaska, with Emphasis

on Evaluation of Earthquake and other Geologic Hazards. U. S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 74-

53, 1974, 104 pp., 3 sheets, scale 1:9,600.

341. Yehle, L. A. Reconnaissance Engineering Geology of Sitka Area, Alaska. Ch. in U. S. Geol.

Surv. in Alaska Program, 1974, ed. by C. Carter. U. S. Geol. Surv. Circ. 700, 1974, 63 pp.

342. Zuffa, G. G., T. H. Nilsen, and G. R. Winkler. Rock-Fragment Petrography of the Upper

Chugach Terrane, Southern Alaska. U. S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 80-713, 1980, 28 pp.

66
Appendix A - Analytical Results From Mines, Prospects, and Occurrences

Sample data and analytical results are tabulated in table A-1 . In addition to the analytical results, the

following are listed in the table: map number, field sample number, mineral locality name, sample type,

sample size, sample site and sample description. The results are organized by map numbers, and are depicted on the sample locality map (fig. 4). Analytical results fi’om REE sampling at Redfish Bay are presented in table A-2, and carbonate sample analyses are given in table A-3. A list of analytical

detection limits is included as table A-4.

Key to Table A-1

All analyses were conducted by a commercial laboratory. Results are given by chemical element symbol

in the follo-wing units except when noted by an asterisk (*):

Au, Pt, Pd - parts per billion (ppb);

Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Ni, Co, Ba, Cr, Sn, W, Ti, V, Cd, Bi, As, Sb, Hg, Te, Cs, La, Ce, Y, Tb, Yb, Lu, Ta,

Th, U, Rb - parts per million (ppm);

Fe, oxides and "Loss on Ignition" (LOI) values - percent.

If followed by an asterisk, Au and Ag values are in ppm (denoting assay analysis with gravimetric finish)

and other elements (including Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Fe) are in percent.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations for sample types: (see page 69 for definitions)

Rock Chip Stream Sample

C continuous chip PC pan concentrate

CC chip channel PL placer

CH channel SS stream sediment

G grab

RC random chip

Rep representative chip

S select

SC spaced chip

Abbreviations for sample sites:

FL float RC rubblecrop OC outcrop

MD mine dump TP trench, pit, or cut

MT mill tailings UW underground workings

67
Abbreviations used in the sample descriptions:

@ at hem hematite

adj adjacent hnbd hornblende

alt altered hn homfels

an andesite hw hanging wall

ar argillite Is limestone

aspy arsenopyrite mag magnetite

az azurite mg medium-grained

bt biotite ml malachite

br breccia/brecciated mo molybdenite

calc calcite monz monzonite

eg coarse-grained min mineralized

eng conglomerate msv massive

chi chlorite/chloritic muse muscovite

cont continuous pi phyllite

cp chalcopyrite po pyrrhotite

di diorite porph porphyry/porphyritic

dissem disseminated/disseminations py pyrite/pyritic

ep epidote qt quartzite

fel felsic qz quartz

fest iron stained sed sediment

fg fine-grained sc schist

fw footwall sil silicified/siliceous

gd granodiorite si sphalerite

gn galena sulf sulfide

gP graphite/graphitic vole volcanic

gs greenstone w/ with

gw graywacke xcut crosscut/crosscutting

68
Sampling And Analytical Procedures

Sampling

Several types of rock samples were collected, including continuous chip, chip channel, channel, grab,

representative chip, select, and spaced-chip. Continuous chip samples consist of ore or rock chips

taken in a continuous line across an exposure; a chip-channel sample is cut across a relatively uniform

width and depth of a vein, zone, structure, or mineralized body; channel samples consist of chips,

fragments, and dust from a channel of uniform width and depth cut across the face or bank of an

exposure of ore or mineralized rock; grab samples are collections of mineral or rock fragments, some

broken from larger pieces, taken more or less at random from an outcrop, as float, or from a dump;

representative chip samples characterize the rock type or material described in the sample description;

select samples are grab samples collected from the highest-grade portion of a mineralized zone; and

spaced-chip samples are composed of rock fragments taken at specified intervals across an outcrop.

Stream sample types include pan concentrate, placer, and stream sediment. Pan-concentrate samples

are taken to determine whether a placer sample is warranted at a specific location. A pan full of sand

and gravel is reduced by normal panning techniques and the resultant concentrate is analyzed inspected

for heavy minerals. Placer samples consist of 16 pans (0.1 yd^) of material processed through a 4-footlong sluice box. The resultant concentrates are visually examined to ascertain free gold content and are

also submitted for analysis. Stream-sediment samples are taken from silt to clay-sized particles found

in streams or along banks. Metals adsorp to these fine particles and these samples are used as an

indicator to determine anomalous metal values in an area.

Analytical Methods and Results

Samples were prepared and subsequently analyzed using both atomic absorption spectrophotometry

(AA) and inductively coupled argon plasma (ICP) techniques. Gold was analyzed by fire assay

preconcentration followed by an AA finish. If the analysis revealed concentrations in excess of 10,000

ppb gold, a gravimetric finish was performed. Silver, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt, and

molybdenum were usually analyzed by AA techniques. Tungsten was analyzed by colorimetries. A few

samples were analyzed for platinum-group metals using fire-assay techniques. Several samples were

analyzed for the same element using two different techniques to quantify analytical error; the result from

the more accurate method will be presented in the tables.

Rock samples were dried, crushed, and pulverized to at least minus 100 mesh. A sample weight of 0.5

gm was put into solution using a hot-extraction HNO3-HCL technique for the AA and ICP analyses.

Limestone samples (CaC03) were analyzed using standard wet analyses (oxide determinations by ICP

and AA) and total carbonate acid/alkali procedures (CaC03 determined by volumetric/titration method

ASTM C-25). Each sample was rinsed, dried, and weighed prior to analysis.

69
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•" PM

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-

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IN o IN On On © © vs vs IN OS IN vs Os © IN IN OS 00 IN vs vs Os vs 00 VO r- s00

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77
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A-1.

Analytical

results

from

mines,

prospects,

occurrences

and

reconnaissance

samples

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78
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79

cp.py
Table

A-1.

Analytical

results

from

mines,

prospects,

occurrences

and

reconnaissance

samples

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85
Table

A-l

.

Analytical

results

from

mines,

prospects,

occurrences

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reconnaissance

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samples

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87

arg,

py/po
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Analytical

results

from

mines,

prospects,

occurrences

and

reconnaissance

samples

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88
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89
Table

A-2.

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results

from

REE

sampling

at

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90
Table A-4. - Detection limits by analytical technique.

Fire assay-atomic absorption spectrophotometry/gravimetric finish

Element Minimum, ppm Maximum, ppm

Au, Pt, Pd 0.005 none

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AA)

Ag 0.2 100

Cu 1 10,000

Pb 1 10,000

Zn 1 10,000

Mo 1 1,000

Co 1 10,000

Ni 1 10,000

Hg 0.01 100

Colorimetries

W 2 1,000

Inductively coupled argon plasma (ICP)

Element Min. DDm Max. ppm Element Min. Dpm Max. DDm

Ag 0.2 50 Ga 10 10,000

Cu 1 20,000 . K 1,000 100,000

Pb 2 10,000 La 10 10,000

Zn 1 20,000 Mg 100 150,000

Mo 1 20,000 Mn 1 20,000

Ni 1 20,000 Na 100 100,000

Co 1 20,000 P 10 10,000

A1 100 150,000 Sb 5 2,000

As 5 2,000 Sc 1 10,000

Ba 100 10,000 Sr 1 10,000

Be 0.5 500 Ti 100 100,000

Bi 2 20,000 T1 10 10,000

Ca 100 150,000 U 10 10,000

Cd 0.5 500 V 1 10,000

Cr 1 20,000 w 10 2,000

Fe 5 5,000

91
APPENDIX B. SUMARY INFORMATION FOR ALL MINES, PROSPECTS, AND MINERAL OCCURRENCES

The following table provides summary information for most mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences found in the study area. The types of information provided include: prospect name and MAS number,

location information, land status, deposit type and main commodities present, mine workings and current

status (open, caved, flooded, etc.), production figures (when available). Bureau work during this study,

and selected references for additional information. The last category provides a subjective ranking of

mineral development potential. This ranking prioritizes prospects with respect to one another. Those

properties given an H-rating have more development potential than a property given an L-rating. It should be noted that these evaluations are based on limited information and should not be viewed with

finality. There is always a chance that detailed examination of any one of these mineral occurences may

result in a producing mine.

PROSPECT TABLE ABBREVIATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS

Map No.:

Refers to mine, prospect or occurrence numbers depicted on figure 5. MAS No./Name:

MAS refers to the Minerals Availability System database formerly supported by the U. S.

Bureau of Mines, (currently supported by the U. S. Bureau of Land Management)

Location:

Township, range, section, quad #, sheet #

Land status:

N

S

OF

CF

P

Native

State

Open Federal

Closed Federal

Private (mineral survey number listed)

Deposit type: (with commodity abbreviations)

V

PV

Vein

Polymetallic vein

Magmatic segregation

Skam

Mag Seg

S

92
p

Dissem

VMS

Peg

PL

Geo

Workings:

T(s)

P(s)

C(s)

# Adit(s):

# Shaft(s):

Production:

NA

Bureau work:

M

S

R

NF

NE

Porphyry

Disseminated sulfides

Volcanogenic massive sulfide

Pegmatite

Placer

Geothermal

Trench(es)

Pit(s)

Cut(s), opencut(s)

lengths; (caved lengths in paren.)

depths; (flooded depths in paren.)

Not Applicable

Mapped

Sampled

Reconnaissance, recon sampling

Not found

Not examined

Select references:

Numbers refer to items listed in the bibliography

MDP (mineral development potential): All mines, prospects and occurrences examined are classified

according to the following criteria, based on resources and grades of mineralization.

H High grades and probable continuity of mineralization exist. The

property is likely to have economically mineable resources under

current economic conditions. A high potential exists for developing

tonnage or volume with reasonable geologic support for continuity of

grade.

M Either a high grade or continuity of mineralization exists, but not

both. Mineralization is confined by geology and/or structures, or

93
grades are overall low. It could serve as a resource if economics

were not a factor, but is presently uneconomic under existing

conditions.

L The property exhibits uneconomic grades and/or little evidence of

continuity of mineralization. There is little or no obvious potential

for developing ore resources or it is an insignificant source of the

material of interest.

ND Not determined.

94




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study

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