•• 

u. S. Department of the Interior BL.M/AKIST-99/014+7200+930 

Bureau of Land Management May 2000 

Alaska State Office 

222 West 7th Avenue, #13 

Anchorage, Alaska 99513 

Unalakleet National Wild River, 

Alaska: Resource Values and 

Instream Flow Assessment 

Joe Klein, Mike Scott and Bunny B. G. Sterin 
Cover Photo 

Aerial view of the mouth of the Unalakleet River entering Norton Sound. 

Authors 

Joe Klein completed this project for his graduate research at Colorado State University and was the principal investigator. He is currently a hydrologist with the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska. 

Mike Scott is a fisheries biologist with the BLM Anchorage Field Office, Anchorage, Alaska. 

Bunny B. G. Sterin is a hydrologist with the BLMAlaska State Office, Anchorage, Alaska. 

Mission Statement 

The Bureau of Land Management sustains the health, diversity and productivity of the public lands for the use and 

enjoyment of present and future generations. 
Unalakleet National Wild River, Alaska: 

Resource Values and 

Instream Flow Assessment 

by 

Joe Klein, Mike Scott and Bunny B. G. Starin 

U. S. Department of the Interior
 

Bureau of Land Management
 

Alaska State Office
 

222 W. 7th Avenue. #13
 

Anchorage. Alaska 99513
 

May 2000 

Table ofContents
 

List of Figures....................................................................................................................... v
 

List ofTables vii
 

List of Photographs viii
 

Acknowledgments ix
 

Executive Summary 1
 

CHAPTER I - IN'TR'ODUCTION 3
 

Study Objectives : 3
 

Description of Study Area 3
 

Setting 3
 

Biotic Resources 5
 

Fisheries Resources 6
 

Salmon Life History 6
 

CHAPTER 2 - METHODS 11
 

Reach Selection 11
 

Study Site Selection 14
 

Target Species and Life History Stage..... 14
 

Suitability Criteria 15
 

Embeddedness 15
 

Critical Reach Site Habitat Suitability Curves 17
 

Field Methods......... 17
 

Hydrology Methods 19
 

Channel Maintenance Flow 19
 

PHABSIM Analysis 19
 

Habitat Simulation : 20
 

Habitat Time Series Modeling Procedures o 20
 

Identification of Instream Flow Recommendations 20
 
CHAPTER 3 - RESULTS 21
 

Hydrologic Analysis 21
 

PHABSIM Results 21
 

Habitat Time Series Analysis 24
 

CHAPTER 4 - DISCUSSION 31
 

CHAPTER 5 - RECOMMENDATIONS ·33
 

APPENDIX A Al
 

LITERATURE CITED 35
 

APPENDIX B .~ BI 
List of Figures
 

Figure 1. Regional map of the Unalakleet River, Alaska, Unalakleet gaging 

station and the USGS Kobuk River gaging station near Kiana 4 

Figure 2. Profile of Unalakleet River and location of tributary junctions 5 

Figure 3. Study area for the Unalakleet River instream flow assessment 12 

Figure 4. Location of segments and study sites for the Unalakleet River 

instream flow assessment............... 13 

Figure 5. Chinook depth, velocity and substrate spawning habitat suitability 

curves 16 

Figure 6. Coho depth, velocity and substrate spawning habitat suitability 

curves 16 

Figure 7. Depth, velocity, and substrate habitat suitability curves for the 

critical passage reach. 18 

Figure 8. Example of transect selected weight. 20 

Figure 9. Log-log linear regression analysis of the Unalakleet River gaging 

station with the USGS Kobuk River gaging station 21 

Figure 10. Simulated median monthly discharge summary for Unalakleet River 24 

Figure 11. Chinook salmon spawning habitat (WUA) versus discharge relationship for the Unalakleet River 25 

Figure 12. Coho salmon spawning habitat (WUA) versus discharge relationship for the Unalakleet River 25 

Figure 13 June chinook salmon spawning habitat time series from 1976 

through 1994 for the Unalakleet River 26 

Figure 14. July chinook salmon spawning habitat time series 

from 1976 through 1994 for the Unalakleet River 27 

Figure 15. August chinook and coho salmon spawning habitat time series 

from 1976 through 1994 for the Unalakleet River 27 

Figure 16. September coho salmon spawning habitat time series 

from 1976 through 1994 for the Unalakleet River 28 

Figure 17. October coho salmon spawning habitat time series 

from 1976 through 1994 for the Unalakleet River 28 

v 
Figure 18. Chinook salmon spawning habitat duration curves from June 

through August " 29 

Figure 19. Coho salmon spawning habitat duration curves from June 

. through August 29 

vi 
List of Tables 

Table 1. Commercial and susbistence salmon catches by species, Unalakleet
 

Subdistrict 7
 

Table 2. Salmon species periodicity chart for Unalakleet River 9
 

Table 3 Modified Brusven substrate codes 17
 

Table 4. Unalakleet - Kobuk daily discharge regression analysis 22
 

Table S. Unalakleet River synthetic monthly discharge (in cfs) data, 1976-1994 23
 

Table 6. May 2-day Log-Pearson III peak flow frequency analysis for the
 

Unalakleet River 25
 

Table 7. PHABSIM critical passage reach simulation summary of discharge
 

versus minimum passage width for the Unalakleet River 26
 

Table 8. Stream discharge (in efs) associated with the median spawning habitat
 

values for chinook and coho salmon for the Unalakleet River · 30
 

Table 9. Monthly discharge (in cfs) recommendation for Unalakleet River above
 

Chiroskey River , 33
 

vii 
List of Photographs 

Photo 1. Several species of salmon and other species of fish indigenous to .
 

the Unalakleet River 6
 

Photo 2. Sport fishing opportunities on the Unalakleet River 7
 

Photo 3. Coho salmon found on the Unalakleet River 8
 

Photo 4. Meandering alluvial channel with well developed gravel bars
 

common on the Unalakleet River 14
 

Photo 5. Standard survey techniques used during this instream flow assessment 18
 

Photo 6. Fixed point line system used on the Unalakleet River 19
 

viii 
Acknowledgements
 

Funding and support for this study was provided by the Bureau of Land Management. A special thanks to Dr. John 

Labadie, graduate advisor to Joe Klein, for his counseling and support throughout the study and graduate"program. 

Thanks to the Student Conservation Association volunteers: Sarah Gibbs, Joe Zendt, and Rob McKenney, whose 

relentless energy and ambitions were a boost for the project and who endured wetweather and mosquitoes during the 

entire field season. Special thanks is extended to the Instream Flow Group in Fort Collins, in particular, Jim Henriksen 

and Ken Bovee for their guidance and assistance during all phases of the project. Thanks to Christoper Estes, Alaska 

Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) Statewide Instream Flow Coordinator, for his assistance throughout the 

project; Terry Hobbs for his assistance with geographic infonnation system (GIS) products used in the analysis and 

paper; Rich Domingue forsharing his insight and experiences with instream flow analysis; and to Tim Brabets ofthe 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for providing the hydrologic data and assistance with the analysis. Special thanks to 

owed to Brook and Cliff Everest, and Jack Miller for their assistance with logistics and maintaining equipment 

necessary for a successful field season. 

ix 
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Executive Summary
 

In 1993, the BLM began an instream flow water 

resources monitoring project on the Unalakleet River. 

The goal was to identify the amount of water necessary 

to preserve and protect the natural values of the 

Unalakleet Wild River and its immediate corridor, and 

to recommend a legal mechanism through which recommended streamflow regimes can be recognized and 

protected. 

The Unalakleet River is located in the northwestern portion of Alaska and drains into Norton Sound. It 

was designated a National Wild River by Congress on 

December 2, 1980. The outstandingly remarkable characteristics of the Unalakleet River include fish, wildlife 

and scenic values (1972, USDI). 

Four species of salmon inhabit the Unalakleet 

River: chinook, coho, chum, and pink. Protection of 

these fisheries requires discharges sufficient to provide 

certain depths and velocities for various salmon life 

stages during different times of the year. The life stages 

and time periods are: 

• passage: late May through late September 

·spawning: June through early October 

-incubation: mid-May through mid-July 

-rearing: year-round 

The methodology selected for this study in the 

"wildn portion ofthe Unalakleet River was the U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Services'InstreamFlow Incremental Methodology and associated Physical Habitat Simulation 

model (PHABSIM). PHABSIM was used to quantify 

spawning flows for salmon indigenous to the river. 

PHABSIM models predict depths and velocities at 

differing flows. These models incorporate habitat suitability curves with a hydraulic model to calculate a 

weighted usable area. Habitat suitability curves were 

based on curves from the Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies and modified by the fisheries biologist familar with 

salmon stocks in the Unalakleet River. The results from 

PHABSIM were incorporated with the simulated flow 

record to provide a habitat time series analysis for 

instream flow recommendations. 

The project team recommends that a State ofAlaska 

ApplicationforReservation ofWater be submitted to the 

Alaska Department ·of Natural Resources, Division of 

Mining, Land and Water, Water Resources Section, specifying the stream flow amounts recommended in this report and summarized as: 

One hundred percent of the stream flow is recommended during the critical winter months, November 

through April, to protect salmon overwintering habitat 

and incubation. A base flow is recommended during 

May, with a 48-hour channel maintenance flow to preserve the natural channel development and to flush sediments from spawning substrates. For June, July, and 

August, flow recommendations are based on the median 

spawning habitat values for chinook salmon. September 

and October flow recommendations are based on median spawning habitat values for coho salmon. It is assumed that reserving instream flows associated with the 

median spawning habitat values will maintain the salmon 

fishery at historic production levels and protect those 

values for which the river was designated as "wild." 

1 
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I
 
Chapter I - Introduction
 

The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation 

Act of December 2, 1980 (ANILCA, PL. 96-487), established the upper portion of the Unalakleet River and 

certain tributaries, as a component of the National Wild 

and Scenic Rivers System to be administered by the Secretary of the Interior through the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Approximately 81 miles of the 

Unalakleet River were designated as "wild" pursuant to 

the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (WSRA)(USDI 1983). 

The WSRAdeclared it a policy of the United States that 

"selected rivers of the nation which, with their immediate environments, possess outstandingly remarkable scenic, recreational, geologic, fish and wildlife, historic, 

cultural, or other similar values, shall be protected in 

free-flowing condition, and that they and their immediate environments shall be protected for the benefit and 

enjoyment of present and future generations." In addition, the WSRA states: 

Designation of any stream or portion 

thereof as a national wild, scenic, or recreational river area shall not be construed as a 

reservation of the waters of such streams for 

purposes other than those specified in this 

Act, or in quantities greater than necessary 

to accomplish these purposes. 

It is the current policy of BLM (BLM Manual Section 7250) to assert water rights for designated wild, scenic, or recreational rivers under BLM management responsibility. Flow determinations, related to the minimum amount of water necessary to fulfill the primary 

purpose of the reservation, must be made on a case-bycase basis. The above policies and directives provide 

the impetus for a water rights assessment in the "wild" 

portion of the Unalakleet River. 

Study Objectives 

The major objectives of the study were to: 

1. Describe existing salmonid spawning habitat 

conditions of the Unalakleet River. 

2. Determine spawning habitat-flow relationships 

for each salmon species in the wild portion of the 

Unalakleet River. 

3. Assess the change in available salmon spawning habitat with time and channel maintenance requirements to determine a flow regime that will protect those 

values for which the river was designated as "wild." 

.Description of the Study Area 

Setting· 

The Unalakleet River is located in the northwestern portion of Alaska (Figure 1). The headwaters originate in the Kaltag Mountains, a section of the Nulato 

Hills, approximately 105 miles inland, and flow in a 

southwesterly direction into Norton Sound. The designated "wild" portion of the river ranges from its headwaters to the confluence with the Chiroskey River. The 

village ofUnalakleet, with a population of approximately 

800, is located at the mouth of the Unalakleet River where 

it flows into Norton Sound (USDI 1994). 

The Unalakleet River and its tributaries drain an 

area of approximately 2,100 square miles. Major tributaries include the North, South, Chiroskey, North Fork 

Unalakleet, and Old Woman rivers, and Tenmile Creek. 

The Unalakleet River drops 2,000 feet in elevation over 

its length (Figure 2). 

3 
rn CC rn 0::: 

l.lJ z~ -J I- w W 

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<­ 0 

0 

0 '""" 

c w 0 ...J 

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ro LO LO 

..... en en 

C) 

c 

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ro 

C) 0 

Figure 1. Regional map of the Unalakleet River, Alaska, Unalakleet gaging station and the USGS Kobuk 

River gaging station near Kiana. . 
2000 r--,.----r----,----..,.--,----r---~-._,_--r___-_r___.-__,

1600 

(I) 

ctS 

(I) 

en 

(I) 

> 1200 o 

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ctS 

..... 

(I) 

.5 

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EXPLANATION 

As viewed looking downstream 

(R)Tributary entering on right bank 

(L) Tributary entering on left bank 

Figure 2. Profile of Unalakleet River and location of tributary junctions. 

Channel sinuosity ranges from 1.15 in the headwaters to 2.3 in the lower basin. The basin is within the 

Continental climatic zone. Winter temperatures average from _5° to -120 F. Average summer temperatures 

range from 42° to 61 0 F. Extreme high and low temperatures recorded in the basin are 87° and -520 F, respectively. Prevailing winds are generally easterly 

(Unalakleet means "place where the east wind blows") 

averaging 10 mph and during fall storms can reach speeds 

in excess of 50 mph. Average annual precipitation is 

14.2 inches, including 37 inches of snowfall. 

The Unalakleet River follows the Kaltag fault. The 

river basin is underlain by sedimentary bedrock consisting of graywacke, shale, sandstone and igneous materials (Cass 1959). 

Biotic Resources 

Four species of salmon and several other species 

offish are indigenous to the Unalakleet River (Photo 1). 

Pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (0. keta) 

salmon are the most abundant of the four anadromous 

species. Coho (0. kisutch) and chinook (0. tshawytscha) 

salmon, while less abundant, are also significant fish resources and contribute to the local fisheries. Two resident species, Arctic grayling (Thyrnallus arcticus) and 

Dolly Varden (Salvelinus rnalrna), are found throughout 

the drainage. The abundance and quality of these species were major reasons why a portion of the river was 

included in the Wild River System. 

Fish resources are important to the basin ecosystem, making significant contributions to the food sup110 

5 
Photo 1. Several species of salmon and other 

species of fish indigenous to the Unalakleet River. 

ply of other vertebrate and invertebrates. A large population of black bear (Ursus aJnericanis) and brown bear 

(U. horribilis) feed on spawning salmon. Avian species, 

including loons (Gavra sp.), belted kingfishers 

(Megaceryle alcyon), common merganser (Mergus merganser), gulls (Larus sp.), and several species of raptors, feed on fish species. After spawning, decomposing 

salmon carcasses provide nutrients to the system. These 

nutrients directly or indirectly benefit other vertebrates 

and invertebrates in the stream and estuary. 

Fisheries Resources 

The fish resources of the Unalakleet River support commercial, subsistence, and sport fisheries. The 

Unalakleet River supports the largest fishing effort within 

the Alaska Department of Fish and Game's (ADF&G) 

Norton Sound Management District. Commercial fishing is a major source of income to local residents of the 

community of Unalakleet. The commercial fishery usually begins between June 8 and June 20, and ends by 

September 7. A summary of the commercial salmon 

catch in the Unalakleet subdistrict is shown in Table 1 

(ADF&G 1993). 

Subsistence is an important and significant use of 

the fish resources in remote Alaska villages. Although 

available to Native and non-Native households, Native 

households are more likely to practice a subsistence 

lifestyle as an expression of their lives and culture in 

this area. They are also more likely to prefer food coming from a wider variety of wild resources than non-Native households. Fish often accounts for more than half 

of a community's total harvest (Georgette and Loon 

1993). 

Sportfishing has become popular on the river 

(Photo 2) with participants including local residents and 

non-local fishermen. A major sport fishing lodge and"to 

a lesser extent, local guides, cater to sport fishermen 

from around the world. Visiting anglers provide a source 

of income to the local economy. Anglers fish mostly for 

chinook and coho salmon, but other species such as Arctic grayling and Dolly Varden are also popular. 

Salmon Life History 

Four species of salmon inhabit the Unalakleet 

River: chinook, coho, chum, and pink. The following 

section summarizes their life history. 

Chinook salmon enter the system in late May. Peak 

escapement occurs about the last week of June. Chinook 

tend to mill in the system much longer than other salmon 

species prior to spawning. Spawning is complete by midAugust (Table 2). Chinook use suitable spawning habitats throughout the study area, but are likely to spawn 

more extensively in the lower reaches of the study area. 

Morrow (1980) reports incubation periods from seven 

to 12 weeks, depending on water temperature. Alevins 

6 
Table 1. Commercial and subsistence salmon catches by species, Unalakleet Subdistrict. 1 

Year2 Chinook Coho Pink Chum Total 

1982 4,681 68.380 162,901 49,214 285,090 

1983 8,890 42,986 40,006 113,621 205,549 

1984 8,454 54,579 17,418 46,665 127,123 

1985 14,018 17,665 56 27,079 58,842 

1986 4,494 20,580 30,239 55,466 

1987 3,246 15,097 97 17,525 36.106 

1988 2,218 24,232· 23,730 25,363 75,700 

1989 4,402 36,025 20,825 61,474 

1990 5,998 52,015 23,659 82,230 

1991 4,534 52,033 39,609 96,323 

1992 3,409 84,449 6,284 52,547 146,918 

1O-year 5,511 36,075 19,288 37,939 98,935 

Average 

I Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1993.
 

2 1982-1985 represents combined commercial and subsistence catches; 1986-1992 represents commercial catch.
 

spend an additional two to three weeks in the redd; emergence is believed to occur a few weeks after the yolk sac 

is absorbed. The freshwater rearing period for Unalakleet 

River chinook fry and juveniles is two years, while three 

to four years are spent maturing in the ocean before returning to spawn (Charles Lean personal communication, ADF&G, Nome, Alaska). 

Coho salmon return to the Unalakleet River much 

later than other salmon species (Photo 3). Coho initially 

enter the river in late July and peak escapement typically 

occurs betweenAugust 25 and September 7 (Table 2). Coho 

salmon have been observed spawning throughout the study 

area. However, unlike other Pacific salmon, coho have 

been documented to use the upper portions of drainage 

basins to spawn (Scott and Crossman 1973). 

Coho egg development usually takes from six to 

seven weeks, but much longer periods have been reported 

(Morrow 1980). Sac fry spend another two to four weeks 

Photo 2. Sportfishing opportunities on the Unalakleet 

River. 

7 
Photo 3. Coho salmon found on the Unalakleet River. 

in the redd, absorbing their egg sac before emerging as 

free swimming fry. Emergence occurs between midMarch and mid-May. During their fresh water residence, 

coho utilize a variety of habitats depending on their age 

and time of season. Most Unalakleet River fry spend 

three years in the system before migrating to the ocean, 

and one year in the ocean before returning to the river as 

adults (Charles Lean, personal communication, ADF&G, 

Nome, Alaska). 

Adult chum salmon enter the system in early June. 

Peak escapement usually occurs between July 21 and 

July 31. Spawning continues until early September. 

Chum salmon have been observed spawning over a wide 

range of water velocities. Vincent-Lang et al. (l984b) 

suggests that surface velocities may be less important 

than the presence of upwelling groundwater. 

Chum salmon eggs are estimated to hatch from 

March to mid-May. Fry emergence occurs two to four 

weeks after hatching. Fry migrate to the estuaries shortly 

after emerging from their redds. Chum salmon spend 

three to four years in the ocean before returning to their 

spawning grounds. 

Pink salmon are the most abundant of the anadromous salmonids in the Unalakleet River drainage. They 

return to the system to spawn in late June through late 

July. Peak escapement occurs about mid-July (Charles 

Lean personal communication, ADF&G, Nome, Alaska). 

Spawning occurs throughout the study area. During even 

years of high abundance, pink salmon have been observed utilizing marginal spawning habitat. Dvinin 

(1952) observed pink salmon spawning in shallow water depths of 0.32 feet «0.1 meter) under crowded conditions. 

As with all salnlon, pink salmon egg development 

and hatching is controlled by temperature. Egg development ranges from eight to 16 weeks, and hatching usually occurs between February and March. After hatching, the sac fry remain in the intergravel spaces of the 

redd for several more weeks. The sac fry emergence 

occurs from late March through mid-iviay. After emerging, pink fry spend about two weeks in the stream before migrating to the estuaries. The life span of the pink 

salmon is the shortest of the Pacific salmon. They spend 

14 to 16 months maturing in the ocean prior to returning 

to their natal stream to spawn and die. 

8 
Table 2. Salmon species periodicity chart for Unalakleet River. 1 

Chinook 

Passage2 

Spawning 

Incubation3 

Rearing 

Chum 

Passage 

Spawning 

Incubation 

Rearing 

Pink 

Passage 

Spawning 

Incubation 

Rearing 

Coho 

Passage 

Spawning 

Incubation 

Rearing 

lBased on professional judgement by ADF&G and BLM fisheries biologist.
 

2Passage life phase is immigration.
 

31ncubation life phase is from egg deposition to emergence.
 

9 
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Chapter 2 - Methods
 

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Instream Flow 

Incremental Methodology (IFIM) and associated Physical Habitat Simulation Model (PHABSIM) was used as 

the methodology for the instream flow analysis. The 

methodology has wide application in the United States 

and is considered the most scientific and legally defensible method by the U.S. Department of the Interior addressing most instream flow problems (Wesche and 

Rechard 1980).PHABSIM is designed to quantify potential physical habitat available for each species and 

life stage of interest. Major components of the design 

methodology, as modified by the BLM study team, are: 

1) Identification of the study area, study sites, 

and transect selection. 

2) Identification of target resource(s). 

3) Selection of suitability criteria. 

4) Identification of field methods. 

5) Hydrologic modeling procedures. 

6) PHABSIM calibration and simulation. 

7) Habitat times series modeling procedures. 

8) Identification of flow recommendations. 

Reach Selection 

The geographical extent of the study area was limited to the mainstem of the river included in the "wild" 

portion of the Unalakleet River (Figure 3). The study 

area begins at the Chiroskey River and continues up to 

Tenmile Creek. Based on slope, accretion, and channel 

characteristics, the study area was divided into four segments. Aerial photos and USGS topographic maps were 

used to assist in delineation of segment boundaries. 

Segments were consecutively numbered 1 through 

4 (Figure 4). All segments were accessible by boat, except segment 4. The first segment boundary was added 

upstream from the confluence with the Chiroskey River 

because the slope and sinuosity change was greater than 

25 percent. The second and third segment boundaries 

were placed at the confluences with the North Fork 

Unalakleet and Old Woman rivers, respectively, based 

on accretion of flows greater than 10 percent compared 

to the mainstem of the Unalakleet River. 

Segment 1 is characterized as a meandering, alluvial channel with copious gravel bar development (Photo 

4). It was 21.5 river miles beginning at the "wild" river 

boundary near the Chiroskey River confluence (river mile 

(RM) 25). The average stream gradient is 1.4 feet per 

mile with a drainage basin of 1,032 square miles. Three 

study sites were selected in segment 1: sites 1001, 1002, 

and 1003. 

The river braids through segment 2. Beginning at 

RM 46, segment 2 was 8.1 river miles with an average 

stream gradient of 6.3 feet per mile. Study sites 2001 

and 2002 were selected in segment 2. 

Segment 3 begins at the confluence of the North 

Fork River (RM 54) and continues to Old Woman River 

(RM 63) for a total of 8.8 river miles. The stream gradient averages 7.8 feet per mile. It drains an area of 611 

square miles. Difficult access and time limitations precluded selecting more than one study site (site 3001) for 

segment 3. 

Segment 4 is similar to a headwater stream. Beginning at Old Woman River (RM 63), segment 4 was 

13.2 river miles ending at the confluence of Tenmile 

Creek. The stream gradient averages 14.3 feet per mile 

and drains an area of 292 square miles. Two study sites 

were selected in segment 4. 

11 
CD =RiVer Miles, I 

1 

SCALE .... ... I 

a 6.Milesl .,~-----,!

. . 

Figure 3. Study area for the Unalakleet River instream flow assessment. 
Figure 4. Location of segments and study sites for the Unalakleet River instream flow assessment. 
Three calibration discharges were measured at six 

of the eight sites. Sites 4001 and 4002 were visited once 

and, consequently, only one discharge and water surface 

elevation (WSE) was collected. Temporary staff gages 

were installed at each study site during discharge measurements to monitor reach specific stage/discharge relationships. If the flow was unsteady during discharge 

measurements, WSE could be adjusted accordingly. 

Study Site Selection 

Thirty-seven known salmon spawning areas were 

mapped in segments 1 through 3 during fish studies conducted by BLM in 1990 and 1991. Study sites were 

randomly selected in segments I, 2, and 3 from the known 

spawning areas occurring in each segment. No spawning areas had been previously mapped in segment 4. 

Study sites in segment 4 were arbitrarily selected after a 

helicopter reconnaissance of the reach (Figure 4). 

Three transects were used to describe each study 

site. The downstream transect was placed at a hydraulic 

control to accommodate hydraulic modeling constraints 

imposed by PHABSIM. The other two transects were 

selected at representative upstream control points to simplify simulation of the stream channel. The head pin 

location at the downstream transects was recorded using 

Global Position Satellite system to facilitate relocation 

of study sites. 

A critical reach site selection was necessary to 

evaluate salmon access into the "wild" portion of the 

river. Reservation of instream flows would be meaningless if the reserved flows did not ensure salmon passage 

into the "wild" portion of the river. Twenty-five river 

miles were evaluated, from the mouth of the Unalakleet 

River to the start of the "wild" boundary at the confluence 

of Chiroskey River. Four potential critical passage 

reaches were identified after reconnaissance of the reach 

and interviews with local residents, but only one reach 

was selected, due to time and budget constraints. 

Pho~o 4. Meandering alluvial channel with well 

developed gravel bars are common on the 

Unalakleet River. 

Target Species and Life History Stage 

All life history phases ofthe four species ofsalmon, 

Arctic grayling and Dolly Varden were evaluated as target species because of their importance in the designation of the Unalakleet River to the National Wild and 

Scenic Rivers System, and because of their social and 

economic significance to the region. 

In the final evaluation, the spawning life history 

stage of chinook and coho salmon were selected for this 

assessment. Time and money constraints were primary 

considerations in limiting this assessment to a single life 

history stage and to the two species. Chinook and coho 

salmon were chosen because their spawning life history 

included more of the open water period and they are the 

preferred salmon species. 

14 
Arctic grayling and Dolly Varden were not selected because more complete life history studies were 

unavailable. It was assumed that providing instream 

flows sufficient for any of the larger salmonid species 

would provide adequate protection for other species. 

Local biologists were also more familiar with life histories of the salmon in the drainage. 

Suitability Criteria 

PHABSIM uses habitat suitability criteria (HSC) 

to formulate suitability-discharge relationships. HSCs 

are mathematical representations of the response species/life stage or other attributes to stream flow dependent variables (e.g., velocity, depth, substrate, and cover) 

used by the model. HSCs interpret physical characteristics of the stream into indices of habitat quality. The accuracy and reliability of the output is dependent upon 

appropriate suitability criteria. An index is scaled between 0 and 1, with 0 denoting no utilization and 1 denoting optimum habitat utilization. 

The Instream Flow Group has established three 

categories of curves (Bovee 1986). The categories are 

based on how the HSCs were developed. Category I 

curves are based on literature and professional judgement. Category II curves are derived from empirical 

data but not corrected for environmental bias, while Category III curves have been corrected for environmental 

bias. The development of Category II and III curves 

rely on the collection of sufficiently large random 

samples to adequately represent a range of salmonid 

spawning habitat conditions. This would have added 

considerable time and expense to the data collection effort. 

The HSCs for spawning life stages of chinook and 

coho salmon were based on HSC developed during the 

Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies (Su Hydro) (VincentLang et al. 1984a and 1984b) and modified by fisheries 

biologists familiar with salmon stocks in the Unalakleet 

River (Figures 5 and 6). Chinook salmon HSCs were 

empirically derived in the Su Hydro studies. Coho 

salmon HSC were based on curves developed for the 

Terror Lake study and modified by biologists familiar 

with Susitna River coho salmon stocks (Vincent-Lang 

et al. 1984a and 1984b). 

The Susitna River supports spawning populations 

of all species of salmon found in the Unalakleet River 

and salmon populations from both rivers exhibit similar 

life histories. The modified HSC of depth, velocity, and 

substrate for chinook and coho salmon spawning in the 

Unalakleet River represent the best estimation of the actual usability of spawning habitat conditions for these 

species. 

Embeddedness 

The amount of fines in the substrate matrix, or 

embeddedness, is directly related to salmonid egg development. Embeddedness is a visual assessment of the 

degree that dominant particles in the stream bed are surrounded or covered by fine-grained sediments (Gordon 

et al. 1992). The substrate criteria were adjusted to reflect the amount of embeddedness observed. Available 

literature has shown egg to alevin survival is inversely 

related to the amount of fine sediment in spawning substrate, but does not agree on magnitude of the relationship. Laboratory and field studies on salmon egg to 

alevin survival related to embeddedness show a high 

degree of variability. These effects have been summarizedby Cordone and Kelly (1961) and Iwamoto et al. 

(1978). Consequently, to account for these effects, the 

modified Brusven index was used to describe substrate 

particle size along with embeddedness (Table 3) (Bovee 

1982). 

The embeddedness portions of the suitability criteria, although subjective, were derived from predictive 

15 
1 r-------.---__...-_-. 

o
 

0.8 

>. 0.6 

:!::

:g 0.4 +J 

0.2 

0__._--4-------L--.l....--_--'--__ 

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 

Depth (ft) 

1r----+--_...- ----, 

0.8 

g 0.6 

:0 

0.4 '::; 

Cf) 0.2 

O ---+-------L--.l....-----'--~__ 

o 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 

Velocity (ft/s) 

1r-------------,..----.........-----,
 

0.8 >. 

0.6

:.c 

0.4 

Cf) 

0.2
 

O ---lI~ -_.l...__--l.-_'----___'__---J 

o 10 20 30 40 50 60 

Substrate 

Figure 5. Chinook depth, velocity and substrate 

spawning habitat suitability curves. 

1 r---e----......------""'P' 

0.8 ... -

>. 0.6 r­ - :!: 

0.4 - l'l 

'3 0.2_ - Cf) 

o....._--...I1l...-_.....L1__.L...--1_--'-_-----J 

o 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 

Depth (ft) 

1r-----.-__--. --, 

0.8 

g 0.6 

:.c 

rn 0.4 

:!: 

(j) 0.2 

1.0	 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 

Velocity (ft/s) 

1r---~---.__-------, 

0.8 

>. 0.6 

:0 

0.4 "S 

(j) 0.2 

O~---4L----L_........l...-_-L------.-eII...4f4.--4I-"""
 

o 10 20 30 40 50 60 

Substrate 

Figure 6. Coho depth, velocity and substrate spawning habitat suitability curves. 

16 
Table 3. Modified Brusven substrate codes. 

1- Fines·(sand & smaller) 

2 Small gravel 

3 Medil~m· gravel 

4 Large gravel 

5 

6 Medium cobble 

Large cobble 

Large·boulder 

Particle 

Substrate Size Range 

Code Description (inches) 

<0.16 

.16 - 1 

2 

2-3 

3-6 

6-9 

9 -12 

12 - 24 

>24 

relationships between fines and salmon embryo survival 

based on a review of the literature (Platts 1989; Chapman 

and McLeod ]987; and TappeI1981). Embeddedness was 

recorded according to the amount of fines in the substrate matrix (0-24, 25-49, 50-74, 75-99 percent). The 

original substrate suitability values were reduced by a 

factor of two-tenths and six-tenths for having fines in 

the third and fourth quartiles, respectively. For example, 

if chinook substrate suitability for large gravel (suitability index equal 0.90) was observed to contain between 

50 and 74 percent embeddedness (third quartile), the resulting suitability index would be 0.90 x 0.8 =0.72. 

Critical Reach Site Habitat 

Suitability Curves 

To evaluate salmon access into the "wild" portion 

of the river, HSC were adapted for a selected critical 

reach site. Criteria from the largest salmon species, 

chinook, were used to determine minimum passage for 

depth, velocity, and substrate suitabilities. For the depth 

suitability index, one foot was determined as a conservative minimum; for the velocity, only a minimal flow 

rate was needed, and, therefore, 0.1 feet per second was 

selected; the substrate index has no significance in the 

role of salmon passage at a critical reach in the river and 

was therefore set to optimal for all values. HSC for the 

critical reach site is shown in Figure 7. 

Field Methods 

Field data were collected at three calibration flows. 

WSE and above-water channel cross-sections were surveyed with a Spectra-Physics Lazerplane Survey System using standard survey techniques (Photo 5). Below-water channel cross-sections were determined by 

subtracting measured depths from the WSE at each flow. 

Depth and velocity distributions at the three calibration flows were measured using a Marsh-McBimey 

portable water current meter. For depths accessible by 

wading, a standard top-setting USGS wading rod was 

used. For greater depths, a standard USGS fixed point17 
1 .--.......----------..
 

0.8 ­

0.6 ­ - >. 

0.4 f­ - ca :s 0.2 f­ - (f) 

o..............--L1__-L1
 L.-1_-..L1_-.-----J 

o 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 

Depth (ft) 

0.8 f- ­

>. 0.6 f­ ­

0.4 f- ­ ..... 

0.2 f- ­

o ---L'---l........--L-......'---I---.-----J
 

o 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 

Velocity (ftIs) 

1 

0.8 ... -

>. 0.6 - -

:.0 

co 0.4 f­ -

:::::J 

rn 0.2 f0 I I I I 

0 10 20 30 40 50 

Substrate 

Figure 7. Depth, velocity, and substrate habitat 

suitability curves for the critical passage reach. 

fixed line system was used with a 16 foot john boat 

(Photo 6). A 15 pound sounding weight and current meter 

for depth and velocity measurements was used at the 

desired locations along the tagline. A temporary staff 

gage, installed during each discharge measurement, inPhoto 5. Standard discharge measurement techniques were used during this instream flow assessment. 

dicated steady state flow during all measurements and, 

therefore, WSE adjustment was unnecessary. 

Substrate characteristics within a five-foot radius 

of each vertical were recorded according to a modified 

Brusven Index (Bovee, 1986, Table 3). 

Substrate was classified using a four-digit code representing the most abundant particle size, the secondmost abundant particle size, and the percentage of fines 

(sand and smaller) in the matrix, recorded to the nearest 

quartile. For example, a code of 52.25 would indicate 

small cobble was the most abundant particle size, small 

gravel was the second most abundant, and that 25 percent of the cell area was embedded with fines. 

Visual estimates were made where water depth and 

clarity allowed. Substrate within two feet upstream and 

downstream of the transect was evaluated in each cell. A 

modified gravel scooper was used to sample substrate 

where visual estimates could not be made. The substrate 

sampler was fabricated from six inch diameter metal pipe 

18 
Photo 6. A fixed point line system was used on the 

Unalakleet River. 

to which a three-foot metal survey rod was attached. 

Additional sections of the survey rod were screwed together to sample substrates at deeper depths. 

Hydrology Methods 

Several USGS gaging stations were evaluated for 

developing a long-term flow record. The Kobuk River 

gaging station provided the best correlation. 

The BLM established an experimental discharge 

gaging station on the Unalakleet River in 1986. A 

datalagger was installed to record the water pressure 

that is calibrated to the river staff gage. This gaging 

station was operated intermittently from 1986 through 

1992. Since the summer of 1993, it has operated continuously. Results from the station support establishing 

the site as a favorable for a permanent discharge gaging 

station. The USGS installed a permanent discharge gaging station in May 1997. Data collected from this station can be used to develop a site-specific hydrologic 

model when an appropriate period of record has been 

established. 

Channel Maintenance Flow 

A channel maintenance flow should be reserved 

during the spring snowmelt (mid-May to mid-June) to 

preserve natural channel development and to flush sediments from spawning substrates. A literature review suggests that a 48-hour, bankfull discharge is commonly requested for maintenance of stream channels (Rosgen et 

al. 1986; Gordon et al. 1992). To determine the flow, a 

two-day Log-Pearson III peak flow frequency analysis 

was calculated with the simulated May daily flows. 

PHABSIM Analysis 

The data collected during the field inventory were 

used to calibrate hydraulic models within PHABSIM. 

The models were then used to predict depths and velocities at flows different from those measured. A complete 

description of water surface elevation calibration, velocity calibration, and habitat simulation programs is provided by Milhous et al. (1989). 

In summary, habitat modeling incorporates the HSC 

files with the hydraulic model to calculate weighted usable area (WUA). That is, the relationships for depth, 

velocity, and substrate are combined for a composite suitability index (CSI) and compared with the estimated 

depth, velocity, and substrate characteristics estimated 

by the physical model for each cell within the study reach 

for predetermined flows. The CSI corresponds to the 

particular suitability level of the three projected habitat 

components (depth, velocity, and substrate) in a cell value 

and are used to "weight" each cell as a percentage of 

surface area that is suitable as spawning habitat (Estes 

1984). The procedure is repeated for a range of discharges to obtain spawning habitat values as a function 

of discharge. Results are normally presented in the form 

of a curve showing the relationship between available 

habitat area and stream discharge, and for a target species or a flow dependent attribute. 

The three transects at each study site were weighted 

according to the amount of spawning habitat represented. 

19 
Transects for each study site were weighted as follows 

(Figure 8): 

Transect one (downstream) - represented 25% 

Transect two (middle) - represented 50% 

Transect three (upstream) - represented 25% 

Habitat Simulation 

Three CSI functions are available in PHABSIM to 

simulate a relationship between stream flow and usable 

spawning habitat, specifically multiplication, geometric mean, and minimum. From a preliminary evaluation 

of the data, the geometric mean function was selected as 

the habitat simulation weighting function. The geometric mean function assumes input on the composite 

weighting factor to be based on all three suitability factors. This technique implies compensation effects: if two 

of the three variables are in the optimum range, the value 

of the third variable has less effect unless it is zero. This 

option provides a more conservative approach than either the multiplication or minimum option. This was 

important since HSC, by their dimensionless and relative-value nature, provide only an index of the target 

species response to the habitat variables (depth, velocity, and substrate) affecting the selection of spawning 

areas. In addition, a conservative approach was important to the planning team for the protection of the instream 

resources in the wild portion of the river. 

Study sites in each segment were equally weighted 

and multiplied by the number of segment river miles in 

order to calculate the total spawning habitat in each river 

segment. The summation of all four segments provides 

total spawning habitat by target species for the study area. 

Habitat Time Series Modeling Procedures 

Habitat-discharge relationships developed from 

PHABSIM were used to produce spawning habitat time 

Figure 8. Example of transect selected weight 

Transect 1 Transect 2 Transect 3 

V V 

series (HTS) for the months chinook and coho salmon 

are spawning. Total spawning habitat-discharge relationships by target species were calculated and combined 

with the simulated median monthly flow model for the 

Unalakleet River. A spawning habitat duration curve 

was constructed from the HTS for each month in which 

chinook and coho salmon are spawning. Flows associated with the median spawning habitat value were then 

identified. 

Identification of Instream Flow Recommendations 

The monthly median spawning habitat value for 

chinook and coho salmon, and hydrologic analysis for 

channel maintenance flow were evaluated to determine 

the appropriate quantity of instream flow to protect those 

values for which the river was designated as "wild." 

20 
Chapter 3 - Results
 

Chinook and coho salmon spawning habitat results 

were evaluated for flows which provide usable spawning habitat from June through October and channel maintenance flow during spring snowmelt (mid-May to midJune). 

Hydrologic Analysis 

The USGS Kobuk River gaging station near Kiana, 

200 miles north of the Unalakleet gage, was used to correlate the Unalakleet gage. The Kobuk River drainage 

area is 9,520 square miles with a period of record from 

1976 to present. 

A log-log linear regression analysis was used to 

correlate the Kobuk gaging station flows with observed 

Unalakleet River flows. Discharge measurements collected by USGS (1982 and 1983) and BLM (1986, 1991, 

1993, and 1994) were used from the Unalakleet gaging 

station for the regression analysis (Figure 9). Unalakleet 

River mean daily flows showed a strong correlation (r2 

= 0.93, p-value < .01) with mean daily flows from the 

Kobuk station (Table 4). 

Long-term daily discharge estimates of the maximum, minimum, and median monthly flows for the 

Unalakleet River are shown in Table 5. In May, the estimated daily flows ranged from 88 to 3,300 cfs. June 

estimated daily flows ranged from 1,500 to 6,000 cfs; 

July estimated daily flows from 700 to 2,600 cfs; Au~

gust estimated daily flows from 560 to 5,400 cfs; September estimated daily flows from 640 to 5,400 cfs; and 

October estimated daily flows ranged from 360 to 1,900 

cfs. The estimated median monthly flows were 1,400; 

2,900; 1,400; 1,700; 1,500; and 870 cfs for May, June, 

July, August, September, and October, respectively. 

A channel maintenance flow analysis was evaluated during the spring snowmelt (mid-May to early-June). 

10,000 

100 • 

I °unalakleet = 1.0608*0kobuk - 1.4643\ 

10 L-==~~~~~=:::=========------...I

1,000 10,000 100,000 

Kobuk River Discharge (cfs) 

Figure 9. Log-log linear regression analysis of the 

Unalakleet River gaging station with the USGS Kobuk 

River gaging station. 

The simulated flow record indicates a base flow of approximately 100 cfs (Figure 10, Table 5). Evaluation 

ofthe48-hour (two-day) Log-Pearson III peak flow frequency analysis on the simulated flow record predicts a 

channel maintenance flow of approximately 5,000 cfs 

based on the two-year recurrence interval (Table 6). 

PHABSIM Results 

PHABSIM was used to quantify the amount of usable spawning habitat for chinook and coho salmon. 

The Unalakleet River IFIM data decks were initially processed using the TREVI4 program. This program looks for errors in data placement, and produces a 

hard copy of pertinent information needed to run the 

model, including transect weighting factors, slopes, stage 

of zero flow, WSE, etc. A summary ofthe data decks for 

each study site is shown in Appendix A (Tables A-I 

through A-8). 

One goal of the hydraulic simulation is to have the 

model simulation accurately reflect measured velocities 

and· depths at the calibration flows. A range of flows 

was selected for each river segment over which the model 

21 
Table 4. Unalakleet - Kobuk daily discharge regression analysis. 

UNALAKLEET KOBUK 

(1,032 SQ Mi) (9520 SQ Mi) PREDICTED 

YEAR DATE Q(cfs) LOG(Q) Q(cfs) LOG(Q) LOG(Q) Q(cfs) 

1994 6-JUN 1,750 3.243 26,000 4.415 3.219 ·1,660 

Regression Statistics 

Multiple R 0.962263 

R Square 0.92595 

Adjusted R Square 0,916694 

Standard Error 0.137989 

Observations 10 

would predict available spawning habitat. .A range of 

1,000 to 5,000 cfs was chosen for segment 1. For segments·2, 3,.and 4, a range of 1,000 to 3,500 cfs, 500 to 

2,500 cfs, and 300 to 900 cfs flows were chosen, respectively. 

The water surface program (WSP) provides the best 

WSE calibration results and was used to calibrate segments 1, 2, and 3. MANSQ and WSP were used for 

calibrating WSEs in segment 4 because the two upper 

sites contained only one calibration flow. 

Three measured velocity sets were collected at each 

study site except sites, 4001 and 4002. All three sets 

were evaluated for velocity calibration. The high flow 

velocity set provided the best calibration and was used 

for the range of flow simulations. Velocity adjustment 

factors (VAF) provide a measure of how well the model 

simulates velocities. VAFs are computed by dividing 

the simulated discharge into the calculated discharge. A 

VAF between 0.90 and 1.10 is considered good; between 

0.85 and 1.15 is fair; between 0.80 and 1.20 is marginal; and below 0.80 or above 1.20 is considered poor. 

Appendix B summarizes the VAF transects. For the two 

headwater transects (sites 4001 and 4002), only one discharge was measured for each site and largerVAFs were 

observed. Ideally, three measured discharges are collected over the range formodel simulations. 

Usable spawning habitat versus stream flow relationships were simulated for chinook and coho salmon 

using the geometric mean weighting option (Figures 11 

and 12). PHABSIM predicts a parabolic relationship 

for chinook and coho salmon. Available spawning habitat increases with flow until it peaks at 2,510 and 1,480 

22 
Table 5. Unalakleet River synthetic monthly discharge (in cfs) data, 1976-1994 (rounded to 2 significant digits). 

Jan Feb Mar Apr Jun Jul Oct Nov Dec MEDIAN MAX MIN 

MEDIAN 150 120 100 100 1,400 2,900 1,400 1,700 1,500 870 310 210 450 

MAX 230 160 140 210 3,300 6,000 2,600 5,400 5,400 1,900 670 360 

MIN 86 71 59 52 88 1,500 700 560 640 360 150 110 

tv 

VJ 
---

cfs for chinook and coho salmon, respectively, and HTS analysis for June, July, August, September, and 

then predicts a continual decrease. October are shown in Figures 13 through 17, rePHABSIM modeling results for the critical pas­ spectively. The HTS analysis shows a positive resage reach indicate that a discharge of 500 cfs pro­ lationship between available spawning habitat and 

vides a stream channel width of 204 feet with one the median monthly flow. Available spawning habifoot of depth (Table 7). tatdecreases with extreme flows, and peaks as flows 

approach the median monthly flows for each month. 

Habitat Time Series Analysis Monthly spawning habitat duration curves were conPHABSIM results were incorporated into the structed from the HTS data (Figures 18 to 19). The 

simulated flow record to develop a HTS model. The median spawning habitat values were determined 

from these curves and are summarized in Table 8. 

3,000 

2,500 

-. 2,000

(..)

Q) 

LC> 1,500 ea 

.r::::. 

(..) 

.~

0 1,000 

o 

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sap Oct Nov Dec 

Month 

Figure 10. Simulated median monthly discharge summary for Unalakleet River. 

500 

24 
20,000 

4? 15,000 o 

o 

o 

..... 

-­.::::: 10,000 0­

.!!!, 

« 

=>

:s: 5,000 

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 

Discharge (cfs) 

Figure 11. Chinook salmon spawning habitat (WUA) 

versus discharge relationship for the Unalakleet River. 

30,000 

25,000 

¢? 

g 20,000 o 

..... 

¢;: 15,000 

0" 

U) :t 10,000 

=> 

:r; 5,000 

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 

Discharge (cfs) 

Figure 12. Coho salmon spawning habitat (WUA) 

versus discharge relationship for the Unalakleet River. 

Table 6. May 2-day Log-Pearson III peak flow frequency analysis for the Unalakleet River. 

RECURRENCE FLOOD 

INTERVAL ESTIMATE 

(Year) (cfs) 

2 5,000 

5 7,900 

10 8,800 

25 9,300 

50 9,500 

100 9,600 

25 
••••• 

Table 7. PHABSIM critical passage reach simulation summary of discharge versus minimum passage width 

for the Unalakleet River. 

Discharge WSL Mean Surface Usable Weighted CIS Percent Percent 

(cfs) (feet) Vel Area Area Area Volume Usable WUA 

(ftlsec) (fF) (fF) (fF) (%) (%) 

1,000 96.62 1.55 323 224 224 644 69.35 69.35 

2,890 97.59 2.85 443 311 311 1,013 70.20 70.20 

5,000 98.17 3.94 444 376 376 1,270 84.59 84.59 

18,000 r-----------------r--------,6,000

...---; : •.........
 I • I 

· •.. I I • 1 16,000 ·. . .' , · , I .' .. ". • l' • 5,000 - ' I .:= · ,

' ,I · " . ·· , , ·I .'•• .• 

0 · , , • .' I · I ·I : I' I ' I I • • • I • I 

0

0 14,000 '

I : I " : T'"" - . I • I -.. I

I 

I 4,000 

... , .. , ....

: : -..... I •

: . .,

,

I

. 

.

,

,

.:= 

C'" 12,000 en

-

co 

Q) 

« 

'- 10,000 +-' 

co 

+-'

:c 

co 8,000 I 

Q) 

I 

I I e> I I co , ,

I · I · I I 

I · 3,000 "5 I I 

I I 

•I ,I en I I •I

·, ,

I

I , I C5 I I • I I I 

I,

·, I,

, .

. 

• I •

I, I

" 2,000

• 

" 

1

"I, "...

6,000 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1,000 

Time (Years) 

..... Chinook -- Discharge 

Figure 13. June chinook salmon spawning habitat time series from 1976 through 1994 

for the Unalakleet River. 

26 
I 

18,000 r-----------------------,3,OOO 

............. 11J
 # .... :

. .### "" : 2' 16,000 I 2,500 .. • • I o ·

· .If I • I I

· .# .' . o I' I• o ·

·

· -I • I

I • 

I

I

- · I . ',: -... 14,000 I • I .,

• 2,000 : • 

'P . .. Q) 

I

· I ". · • 

,I •• 

'I I

I• •I 

'I : e> • • I 'I · . I.. I co

·

· . : .

I 

.c

· I •

· 12,000 I

· 1,500 • I • 

• I •

· ·. . (5

· 1 I <t: · ... ·

· ...co · 

· •

· 

· :c 10,000 1,000 co · 

I · · 

8,000 L...-19-7-7-19-7-9-1-9-8-1-1-98-3-1-98-5-19-8-7-19-8-9-1-9-9-1-1-9-93---J 500 

Time (Years) 

..... Chinook - Discharge 

Figure 14. July chinook salmon spawning habitat time series from 1976 through ·1994 

for the Unalakleet River. 

30,000 .----...,....-------------------. 6,000 

; .........---,.. .Y'#........t
 ... ........
 5,000 2' .A. / 25,000 ..'Jt# \. • i \ I · I .~ \ o i \ I 

I \ 

· o I \

o I 4,000 en i \. I I (.) :: 20,000 I 

I 

I "--i I 

'f­

--Q) 4= I

I 3,000 0" 

en I co . I .c 

(.) 

Q) 

-

co 15,000 1 1 en 

2,000 0 <t:

'­

... 

co :E 10,000 1,000 co 

5,000 a 

1977 1979 19811983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 

Time (Years) 

••••.• Chinook _ ...... Coho - Discharge 

Figure 15. August chinook and coho salmon spawning habitat time series from 1976 

through 1994 for the Unalakleet River. 

I 

27 
28,000 

26,000 

- 24,000 0 

0 I 

. 

I

. 0 22,000 .

I -

¢:= 

.

I 0"' 20,000 

rn 

- 1

m 

Q) 18,000 ... « 

..... 

ttl 16,000 ..... 

:c 

ttl 

:::c 14,000

12000 , 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 

Time (Years) 

~. Coho - Discharge 

Figure 16. September coho salmon spawning habitat time series from 1976 through 

1994 for the Unalakleet River. 

30,000 

25,000

-

0 

0 

0 20,000

-

C" 

rn

- 15,000 ttl 

Q) 

« 

L.. 

..... 

ttl

..... 10,000 :c 

m 

:::c 

5,000 

j\ 

. \ /~ ! 

I I \ 

i \ 

1 \
 \ 

I 

\ 

1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 

Time (Years) 

- ....... Coho - Discharge 

Figure 17 October coho salmon spawning habitat time series from 1976 through 

1994 for the Unalakleet River. 

6,000 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

0 

2,000 

1,800 

1,600 

1,400 

1,200 

1,000 

800 

600 

400 

200 

-


-

0 

Q) 

C) 

L.. 

m 

..c: 

0 

rn 

0 

-


-

0 

Q) 

C)

...
 

ttl 

..c: 

0 

rn 

0 

28 
18 .::= 

0 16 ° 0_ 

...... 14 .::= 

0­ 12 ro 10 ro 

...... 

2 8 

:0 

ro 

:c 

Chinook Salmon - June 

6 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 

Percent of Time Equalled or Exceeded 

18 £ 

0 

0 

0_ 16 

14 0­

ro 12 

§ 

ro 

10 

:0 

ro 

:c 8

Percent of Time Equalled or Exceeded 

Chinook Salmon - July 

28 .::= 

0 

0 26 

24 ...... 

22 cr 20 ro 

IQ) 18 ro 

.... 16 

s 

:0 14 ro

:c 12 

Coho Salmon - August 

2 28 

° 0 26 ...... 24 

0­ 22

ro' 20 

ro 18 

§ 16 

:0 

ro 14 

:c 12

Coho Salmon - September 

0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 

Percent of Time Equalled or Exceeded Percent of Time Equalled or Exceeded 

Chinook Salmon - August Coho Salmon - October 

£ 30...--------------­

o 

o 

o. 25 

cr 20 

15 

:§ 10 :0 

ro 

:c 

20 40 60 80 100 

Percent of Time Equalled or Exceeded 

Figure 18. Chinook salmon spawning habitat duration Figure 19. Coho salmon spawning habitat duration 

curves from June through August. curves from June through August. 

o 

o 

o. 

...... 

S 

:0 

ro

:c 

29 
Table 8. Stream discharge (in cfs) associated with the median spawning habitat values for chinook and 

coho salmon for the Unalakleet River. 

June July August September October 

Chinook 1,620 1,450 1,540 

30 
I 

Chapter 4 - Discussion
 

The mean daily discharge for the Unalakleet River 

gaging station correlated strongly with the mean daily 

flows from the USGS Kobuk gaging station to provide a 

17-year simulation flow record. This was expected since 

both rivers had similar geomorphic characteristics and 

were in the same hydrologic basin influenced by similar 

weather patterns. 

Field sampling for the instream flow study was conducted during the 1994 summer season, one of the wettest on record. The high flows were helpful in collecting a high flow calibration measurement for all the study 

sites except upper study sites 7 and 8. The higher-thannormal measured flow conditions combined with the 

inherent assumptions ofthe PHABSIM limited our ability to simulate lower flow conditions. 

Study sites 7 and 8 were sampled only once at a 

flow below the median monthly flow. Only one calibration flow was measured at these sites. The range of simulation flow predictions were narrower than sites measured for three calibration flows. 

Winter is a critical period for arctic aquatic resources. Low flows and freezing can limit habitat which 

can significantly affect incubation and rearing life history stages of salmon. Salmonid eggs, if kept moist, 

can withstand extended periods of dewatering without 

experiencing significant mortalities (Becker et al. 1982, 

and Reiser and White 1983). However, the length of 

time that an embryo or alevin can withstand dewatering 

decreases dramatically with each subsequent stage of development (Becker et al.1983). Typically, the Unalakleet 

River is frozen over from late October through early May. 

Instantaneous March flow measurements correspond 

with the simulated hydrograph developed from the 

Kobuck River gage. The data suggest a base flow of 

approximately 100 cfs. 

Overwintering areas in rivers generally occur in 

specific areas, although specific pools or channels where 

fish spend the winter may vary from one year to the next 

(Wilson et al. 1977). Studies by Yoshihara (1972), Craig 

and McCart (1974), Furniss (1975), Kogl and Schell 

(1975), and Craig (1976) document the importance of 

winter fish habitat in arctic rivers. Wilson et al. (1977) 

concludes that winter withdrawal from any arctic freshwater habitat poses a potential, and often significant threat 

to aquatic organisms and may affect subsistence, sport 

and commercial fisheries. 

Information related to the importance of winter 

flows to arctic aquatic life was the basis for November 

to April flow recommendation. June through October 

flow recommendations are based on the analysis of the 

spawning phases of chinook and coho salmon. 

Potential habitat availability is different among species and life phases. The flows that support optimal habitat availability for anyone species and one life phase 

may be less favorable to another life phase of the same 

species or other species. The analysis of two species 

and one life phase to determine recommended flows 

during May through October may not provide optimal 

habitat for other species and their life phases. However, 

under any given natural flow regime, flows will not be 

optimal for any given species for their entire life phase. 

The recommended flows mimic the simulated 

hydrograph developed for the Unalakleet River and provide quality spawning habitat for the target species. 

These recommended flows should also provide adequate 

habitat for those species endemic to the drainage and 

their life phases. 

31 
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Chapter 5 - Recommendations
 

1. Submit a State of Alaska "Application for 

Reservation ofWater" to the Alaska Department ofNatural Resources, Division ofMining, Land and Water, Water 

Resources section with the monthly discharge recommendation listed in Table 9 to preserve and protect the 

natural values of the Unalakleet Wild River and its immediate corridor. 

2. Develop a site-specific hydrologic model 

from the newly installed USGS discharge gaging station 

when an appropriate period of record has been established. 

3. Develop chinook and coho salmon HSCs 

specific to the Unalakleet River, or collect the necessary 

data to test the transferability of the curves developed 

for the Susitna hydro study. Either of these efforts would 

prove better resolution of the instream flows required to 

protect the salmon spawning habitat. 

4. Identify future requirements needed to protect this recommendation. Evidentiary standards need to 

meet the State of Alaska's mandatory lO-year review of 

instream flow reservations. These requirements may be 

defined at the time of adjudi<;ation. 

Table 9. Monthly discharge (in cfs) recommendation for Unalakleet River above Chiroskey River. 

awith a 48-hour channel maintenance flow of 5,000 cfs in the event an impoundment is built in the watershed and would alter 

the flow regime in the study area. 

33 
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L. 
Literature Cited
 

Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 1993. Norton 

Sound Port Clarence-Kotzebue Sound Annual Management Report. Division of Commercial Fisheries AYK Regional Information Report 3A93-15. Anchorage, AK. 

Becker, C.D., D.A. Neitzel and D.H. Fickeisen. 1982. 

Effects of dewatering on chinook salmon redds: tolerance of four developmental phases to daily dewaterings. 

Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. I I I :624-637. 

Becker, C.D., D.A. Neitzel and C.S. Abernethy. 1983. 

Effects of dewatering on chinook salmon redds: tolerance of four developmental phases to one-time dewatering. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 

3(4): 373-382. 

Bovee, K.D. 1982. A Guide to stream habitat analysis 

using the instream flow incremental methodology. 

U.S.F.W.S. Instream Flow Information Paper No. 12. 

U.S.F.W.S. FWS/OBS-82/86. 

Bovee, K.D. 1986. Development and evaluation ofhabitat suitability criteria for use in the instream flow incremental methodology. Instream Flow Information Paper 

No. 21. U.S.F.W.S. National Ecology Center, Biological 

Report 86(7). 

Cass, J.T. 1959. Reconnaissance geologic map of the 

Norton Bay quadrangle, Alaska, U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map 1-286. 

Chapman, D.W. and K.P. McLeod. 1987. Development 

of criteria for fine sediment in the Northern Rockies 

ecoregion. Final Report. U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, EPA 910/87-162, Seattle, Washington. 

Cordone, AJ. and D.W. Kelly. 1961. The influence of 

inorganic sediment on the aquatic life of streams. California Fish and Game47(2): 189-228. 

Craig, P.C. 1976. Ecological studies of anadromous and . 

resident populations of arctic char in the Canning River 

drainage and adjacent coastal waters ofthe Beaufort Sea, 

Alaska. Preliminary draft. Report for Alaskan Arctic Gas 

Study Co. Aquatic Environments, Ltd. 

Craig, P.C. and P.I. McCart. 1974. Fall spawning and 

overwintering areas of fish populations along routes of 

proposed pipeline between Prudhoe Bay and the 

McKenzie Delta, 1972-1973. In Fisheries Research As-: 

sociated with Proposed Gas Pipeline Routes in Alaska, 

Yukon, and Northwest Territories. Canadian Arctic Gas 

Study Ltd.!Alaskan Arctic Gas Study Co. Biological 

Report Series 15(3): 1-33. 

Dvinin, P.A. 1952. The Salmon on South Sakhalin. Inz. 

TINRO.37:69-108. 

Estes, C.C. 1984. Evaluation ofmethods for recommending instream flows to support spawning by salmon. M.S. 

Thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington. 

Furniss, R.A. 1975. Inventory and cataloging of Arctic 

area waters. In Annual Report of Progress, 1974-1975. 

Federal Aid in Fish Restoration. Sport Fish Investiga35 
tions of Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 

Project F-9-7, Job G-1-1. 

Georgette, S. and H. Loon. 1993. Subsistence use of 

fish and wildlife in Kotzebue, A Northwest Alaska Regional Center. Division of Subsistence, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, Technical paper No. 

167. 

Gordon, N.D., T.A. McMahon, and B.L. Finlayson. 1992. 

Stream hydrology: an introduction to ecologist. John 

Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England. 526 pp. 

Iwamoto, R.N., E.O. Salo, M.A. Madej, and R.L. 

McComas. 1978. Sediment and water quality: a review 

of the literature including a suggested approach for water quality criteria. U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, EPA 910/9-78-048, Seattle, Washington. 

Kogl, D.R. and Schell. 1975. Colville River delta fisheries research in Environmental Studies of an Arctic Estuarine System - Final Report. V. Alexander et aI. Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, 

Fairbanks. Report 74-1. 

Milhous, R.T., M.A. Updike, and D.M. Schneider. 1989. 

Physical habitat simulation system reference manual ­

version II. Instream Flow Information Paper No. 26. 

U.S. Fish Wild. Servo BioI. Rep. 89(16). v.p. 

Morrow, J.E. 1980. Freshwater fishes ofAlaska. Alaska 

Northwest Publishing Co., Anchorage, AK. 248 pp. 

Platts, W.S. 1989. Salmonid egg to alevin survival. Monitoring BMPs and nonpoint source pollution advanced 

riparian course administered by Don Chapman Consultants. Boise, Id. pp. 48. 

'36 

Rosgen, D.L., H.L. Silvey, and J.P. Potyondy. 1986. The 

use of channel maintenance flow concepts in the Forest 

Service. Hydrological Science and Technology: Short 

papers. American Institute of Hydrology (2):19-26. 

Reiser, D.W. and R.G. White. 1983. Effects of complete dewatering on salmonid egg-hatching success and 

development of Juveniles. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 

112:532-540. 

Scott, W.B. and EJ. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes 

of Canada. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 184. Ottawa, 

Canada. 

Tappel, P.D. 1981. A new method of relating spawning 

gravel size composition to salmonid embryo survival. 

Master's Thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho. 

USA. pp. 51. 

USDI, Bureau of Land Management. 1983. Unalakleet 

River, A Component of the National Wild and Scenic 

River System, Anchorage DistI1ct, Anchorage, AK, 34 

pp. 

USDI, Bureau of Land Management. 1994. Quantification of instream flow water rights and ancillary aquatic 

investigation in the Unalakleet National Wild River: Fisheries study plan. Division ofResource, Anchorage, AK. 

14pp. 

USDI, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation. 1972. Prepared 

by Alaska Planning Group, Washington, D.C. Report to 

the Secretary of the Interior of potential components of 

the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, Alaska. 

112 pp. 
Vincent-Lang, D.,A. Hoffman,A. Bingham, and C. Estes. 

1984a. Habitat suitability criteria for chinook, coho, and 

pink salmon spawning in tributaries ofthe Middle Susitna 

River. Chapter 9 in C. C. Estes, and D. S. Vincent-Lang, 

eds. Aquatic habitat and instream flow investigations 

(May-October 1983). Alaska Department of Fish and 

Game Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Report No. 3,Anchorage, Alaska. 

Vincent-Lang, D.,A. Hoffman,A. Bingham, and C. Estes. 

1984b. An Evaluation of chum and sockeye salmon 

spawning habitat in sloughs and side channels of the 

Middle Susitna River. Chapter 7 in C. C. Estes, and D. 

S. Vincent-Lang, eds. Aquatic habitat and instream flow 

investigations (May-October 1983). Alaska Department 

of Fish and Game Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies Report No.3, Anchorage, Alaska. 

Wesche, T.A. and P.A. Rechard. 1980. A summary of 

instream flow methods for fisheries and related research 

needs. Eisenhauer Consortium. Bulletin 9. WRRI. University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. 

Wilson, J. W., E. H. Buck, G. F. Player, and L. D. Dreyer. 

1977. Winter water availability and use conflicts as related to fish and wildlife in Arctic Alaska-A synthesis 

of Information. A.E.I.D.C. Anchorage, Alaska. FWS/ 

OBS-77/06. 

Yosshihara, H.T. 1972. Monitoring and evaluation of 

Arctic waters with emphasis on North Slope drainage. 

In Annual Report of Progress, 1971-1972. Federal Aid 

in Fish Restoration. Sport Fish Investigations ofAlaska. 

Alaska Department ofFish and Game. Project F-9-5, Job 

G-Ill-A. 

37 
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Appendix A
 
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,I "iII

I 

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Appendix A 

Table A-I. MASTER DATASET SITE 1001 UNALAKLEET RIVER 

IOC 0000100100001001000~OO

NSLP - 0.3 

QARD 1000 

QARD 1100 

QARD 1200 

QARD 1300 

QARD 1400 

QARD 1500 

QARD 1600 

QARD 1700 

QARD 1800 

QARD 1900 

QARD 200'0 

QARD 2100 

QARD 2200 

QARD 2300 

QARD 2400 

QARD 2500 

QARD 3000 

QARD 3500 

QARD 4000 

QARD 5000 

XSEC 0.0 0.0 .50 90.70 .00034 

0.0 0.0 99.2 6.6 95.8 17.3 94.5 27.3 93.8 37.3 93.4 47.3 92.9 

0.0 57.3 92.6 67.3 92.5 77.3 92.3 87.3 92.0 97.3 91.7102.3 91.6 

0.0107.3 91.6112.3 91.5117.3 91.6122.3 91.7127.3 91.5132.3 91.5 

0.0137.3 91.5142.3 91.4147.3 91.5152.3 91.5157.3 91.4162.3 91.4 

0.0167.3 91.2172.3 91.2177.3 91.1182.3 91.1187.3 90.9192.3 90.9 

0.0197.3 90.7202.3 90.7207.3 91.0212.3 91.3217.3 91.3222.3 91.2 

0.0227.3 91.7236.6 95.8245.2102.0 

NS 0.0 10.00 34.50 34.50 34.50 34.50 34.50 

NS 0.0 34.50 34.25 34.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 0.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 0.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 0.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 0.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 30.75 30.75 

NS 0.0 10.00 10.00 10.00 

WSL 0.0 93.63 93.82 93.99 94.15 94.29 94.43 

WSL 0.0 94.56 94.68 94.80 94.91 95.02 95.12 

WSL 0.0 95.22 95.32 95.41 95.50 95.59 95.67 

WSL 0.0 95.76 95.84 95.92 96.29 96.63 96.94 

WSL 0.0 97.51 

CALI 0.0 95.80 2350.00 

VEL1 0.0 2.30 2.60 3.20 2.60 3.40 3.40 3.30 3.50 3.10 3.40 

VEL1 0.0 3.40 3.50 3.20 3.20 3.10 3.20 2.90 3.10 2.90 2.90 2.80 2.70 

VEL1 0.0 2.80 2.70 2.30 2.60 2.50 2.40 2.30 2.20 2.20 2.00 .1.80 1.50 

VELI 0.0 1.20 

CAL2 0.0 95.64 2200.00 

VEL2 0.0 

VEL2 0.0 

VEL2 0.0 

VEL2 0.0 

CAL3 0.0 95.24 1720.00 

VEL3 0.0 

VEL3 0.0 

VEL3 0.0 

VEL3 0.0 

XSEC 276.0 276.0 .50 90.70 .00034 

276.0 0.0102.1 3.5 95.9 10.8 92.6 15.8 91.0 20.8 90.2 27.8 89.3 

276.0 34.8 88.7 39.8 88.6 44.8 88.5 49.8 88.7 56.8 88.8 63.8 89.1 

A-1 
Table A-l. (cont'd) 

276.0 70.8 89.3 77.8 89.5 87.8 90.0 97.8 90.6107.8 91.1117.8 91.5 

276.0127.8 92.2137.8 92.6149.8 93.5161.8 '94.017~.8 94.5196.5 95.9 

276.0208.6100.0 

NS 276.0 0.00 0.00 30.50 30.25 30.25 30.25 

NS 276.0 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 

NS 276.0 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 32.25 32.50 

NS 276.0 32.50 32.50 32.50 32.50 32.50 0.00 

NS 276.0 0.00 

WSL 276.0 94.07 94.21 94.35 94.47 94.59 94.70 

WSL 276.0 94.81 94.91 95.02 95.11 95.21 95.29 

WSL 276.0 95.38 95.47 95.55 95.63 95.72 95.79 

WSL 276.0 95.87 95.94 96.02 96.36 96.69 96.98 

WSL 276.0 97.52 

CALl 276.0 95.90 2350.00 

VEL1 276.0 1.00 1.90 2.30 2.40 2.70 2.80 2.80 ~.50 ~.80 2.50 

VEL1 276.0 2.60 2.70 2.70 2.60 2.50 2.80 2.70 2.40 2.60 2.20 1.BO 

VEL1 276.0 

CAL2 276. 0 . 95 . 77 2200 . 00 

VEL2 276.0 

VEL2 276.0 

VEL2 276.0 

CAL3 276.0 95.34 1720.00 

VEL3 276.0 

VEL3 276.0 

VEL3 276.0 

XSEC 781.0 505.0 .50 90.70 .00034 

781.0 0.0103.1 7.1 96.0 15.5 91.6 21~O 91.5 28.0 92.1 35.0 92.5 

781.042.0 92.5 49.0 92.6 59.0 92.6 69.0 92.5 79.0 92.5 86.0 92.3 

781.0 92.0 92.2100.0'92.1107.0,92.1117.0 91.9124.0 91.9131.0 91.7 

781.0138.0 91.6145.0 91.5152.0 91.5159.0 91.4166.0 91.3173.0 91.3 

781.0180.0 91.5190.0 92.2200.0 93.1208-.0 93.8221.0 96.0237.0101.2 

NS 781.0 32.25 ' 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 781.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 781.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 781.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 781.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

WSL 781~0 94.48 94.58 94.67 94.77 94.86 94.95 

WSL 781.0 95.04 95.12 95.21 95.29 95.38 95.45 

WSL 781.0 95.53 95.61 95.68 95.76 95.83 95.90 

WSL 781.0 95.98 96.05 ·96.11 96.44 96.75 97.04 

WSL 781.0 97.57 

CALI 781.0 96.00 2350.00 

VEL1 781.0 1.00 2.30 2.00 2.80 2.70 2.80 3.10 2.80 3.20 3.20 

VELl 781.0 3.20 3.10 3.20 3.20 3.30 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.10 3.00 

VELl 781.0 3.00 2.90 4.90 2.20 

CAL2 781.0 95.90 2200.00 

VEL2 781.0 

VEL2 781.0 

VEL2 781.0 

CAL3 781. 0 95 . 59 . 1 720 . 00 

VEL3 781.0 

VEL3 781.0 

VEL3 781.0 

ENDJ 

A-2 
Table A-2. MASTER DATASET SITE 1002 UNALAKLEET RIVER 

roc 00001001000010010000 

NSLP -0.8 

QARD 1000 

QARD 1100 

QARD 1200 

QARD 1300 

QARD 1400 

QARD 1500 

QARD 1600 

QARD 1700 

QARD 1800 

QARD 1900 

QARD 2000 

QARD 2100 

QARD 2200 

QARD 2300 

QARD 2400 

QARD 2500 

QARD 3000 

QARD 3500 

QARD 4000 

QARD 5000 

XSEC 0.0 0.0 .50 . 89.80 .00030 

0.0 0.099.45 5.097.15 15.0 93.2 28.0 95.5 38.0 93.8 43.0 93.3 

0.0 48.0 93.1 58.0 93.0 68.0 92.9 78.0 92.7 88.0 92.5 98.0 92.3 

0.0108.0 91.9113.0 91.8118.0 91.6123.0 91.4128.0 91.3133.0 91.1 

0.0138.0 91.0143.0 90.8148.0 90.5153.0 90.5158.0 90.4163.0 90.7 

0.0168.0 90.7173.0 90.6178.0 90.4183.0 90.2188.0 89.9193.0 89.9 

0.0198.0 89.8203.0 90.1208.0 91.0217.097.15220.099.45 

NS 0.0 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 

NS 0.0 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 

NS 0.0 20.00 20.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

NS 0.0 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

NS 0.0 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

NS 0.0 30.00 

WSL 0.0 94.69 94.89 95.07 95.23 95.37 95.51 

WSL 0.0 95.63 95.75 95.86 95.96 96.06 96.15 

WSL 0.0 96.24 96.33 96.41 96.49 96.57 96.64 

WSL . 0.0 96.71 96.78 96.85 97.17 97.45 97.70 

WSL O~O 98.13 

CALl 0.0 97.15 2970.00 

VEL1 0.0 1.50 .90 1.70 2.10 2.00 2.30 2.30 2.70 2.70 3.30 

VEL1 0.0 3.10 3.30 3.20 3.40 3.40 3.50 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.50 3.40 3.40 

VEL1 0.0 3.60 3.60 3.80 3.30 3.20 3.10 2.60 2.10 .90 

CAL2 0.0 96.05 1430.00 

VEL2 0.0 

VEL2 0.0 

VEL2 0.0 

CAL3 0.0 96.60 2220.00 

VEL3 0.0 

VEL3 0.0 

VEL3 0.0 

XSEC 340.0 340.0 .50 89.80 .00030 , 

340.0 0.0101.7 6.897.35 18.5 94.2 29.2 93.7 38.0 94.0 48.0 94.2 

340.0 58.0 94.0 68.0 93.8 78.0 93.6 88.0 93.4 98.0 93.1108.0 92.9 

340.0118.0 92.6128.0 92.3138.0 92.0148.0 91.3153.0 91.2158.0 91.2 

340.0165.0 90.817i.0 90.5180.0 90.5190.0 90.2195.0 90.0200.0 89.7 

340.0205.0 89.9210.0 90.3215.0 90.6228.997.35236.9100.9 

NS 340.0 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 

NS 340.0 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 

A-3 
Table A-2 (Cant'd) 

NS 340.0 20.00 20.00 20.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

NS 340.0 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

NS 340.0 30.00 30.00 . 30.00 

WSL 340.0 94.88 95.08 95.26 95.42 95.56 95.70 

WSL 340.0 95.8·2 95.94 96.05 96.15 96.25 96.34 

WSL 340.0 96.43 96.52 96.60 96.68 96.76 96.83 

WSL 340.0 96.90 96.97 97.04 97.36 97.64 97.90 

WSL 340.0 98.33 

CALl 340.0 97.35 2970.00 

VELl 340.0 1.20 1.50 1.90 2.50 2.80 2.70 3.00 3.30 3.20 3.20 

VELl 340.0 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.50 3.60 3.40 3.40 2.50 2.20 2.50 2.00 1.60 

VELl 340.0 1.90 1.50 1.00 

CAL2 340.0 96.19 1430.00 

VEL2 340.0 

VEL2 340.0 

VEL2 340.0 

CAL3 340.0 96.75 2220.00 

VEL3 340.0 

VEL3 340.0 

VEL3. 340.0 

XSEC 806.0 466.0 .50 89.80 .00030 

806.0 0.099.77 5.097.37 15.0 94.7 22.0 94.4 33.0 94.2 42.0 94.0 

806.0 52.0 93.7 62.0 93.3 72.0 92.8 82.0 92.3 92.0 91.9102.0 91.4 

806.0112.0 90.7122.0 90.0129.0 89.7136.0 89.1143.Q 89.1150.0 89.1 

806.0156.0 89.1160.0 89.1166.0 89.3173.0 89.2180.0 88.9186.0 88.9 

806.0191.0 89.2196.0 91.1203.297.37207.0101.1 

NS 806.0 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 

NS 806.0 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 

NS 806.0 20.00 20.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

NS 806.0 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

NS 806.0 30.00 30.00 

WSL 806.0 '9.4.89 95.09 95.27 95.43 95.57 95.71 

WSL 806.0 95.83 95.95 96.07 96.17 96.27 96.36 

WSL 806.0 96.45 96.54 96.62 96.70 96.78 96.85 

WSL 806.0 96.92 96.99 97.06 97.38 97.67 97.92 

WSL 806.0 98.35 

CALl 806.0 97.37 2970.00 

VEL1 806.0 1.10 1.30 1.60 2.00 3.00 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.90 3.00 

VEL1 806.0 3.10 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.00 2.80 2.80 2.60 2.50 2.10 

VEL1 806.0 2.00 1.20 

CAL2 806.0 96.30 1430.00 

VEL2 806.0 

VEL2 806.0 

VEL2 806.0 

CAL3 806.0 96.84 2220.00 

VEL3 806.0 

VEL3 806.0 

VEL3 806.0 

ENDJ 

A-4
 
Table A- 3. MASTER DATASET SITE 1003 UNALAKLEET RIVER 

IOC 00001001000010000000 

QARD 1000 

QARD 1100 

QARD 1200 

QARD 1300 

QARD 1400 

QARD 1500 

QARD 1600 

QARD 1700 

QARD 1800 

QARD 1900 

QARD 2000 

QARD 2100 

QARD 2200 

QARD 2300 

QARD 2400 

QARD 2500 

QARD 3000 

QARD 3500 

QARD 4000 

QARD 5000 

XSEC 0.0 0.0 .50 87.10 .00011 

0.0 0.099.26 7.092.19 12.0 90.0 17.0 88.6 23.6 88.9 30.6 88.5 

0.0 35.6 87.8 40.6 87.5 45.6 87.2 50.6 87.2 55.6 87.2 60.6 87.2 

0.0 65.6 87.1 70.6 87.1 75.6 87.1 80.6 87.1 87.6 87.1 94..6 87.2 

0.0101.6 87.3108.6 87.4115.6 87.5122.6 87.7129.6 87.8136.6 88.0 

0.0143.6 88.2150.6 88.4160.6 88.8170.6 89.3180.6 90.0190.6 90.6 

0.0200.6 91.0211.292.19231.699.66 

NS 0.00.035 0.00.035 0.00.035 10.00.035 10.00.035 10.00.035 10.0 

NS 0.00.000 30.70.000 30.70.000 20.70.000 20.70.000 20.70.000 20.7 

NS 0.00.000 20.70.000 20.70.000 20.70.000 20.70.000 20.70.000 20.7 

NS 0.00.000 20.70.000 30.50.000 30.50.000 30.50.000 30.50.000 30.5 

NS 0.00.000 32.50.000 32.50.000 32.50.000 32.50.000 32.50.000 32.5 

NS 0.00.020 32.70.020 0.00.020 0.0 

WSL 0.0 89.91 90.15 90.37 90.58 90.77 90.95 

WSL 0.0 91.13 91.29 91.45 91.60 91.74 91.88 

WSL 0.0 92.02 92.15 92.28 92.40 92.52 92.64 

WSL 0.0 92.76 92.87 92.98 93.50 94.00 94.·45 

WSL 0.0 95.28 

CALl 0.0 92.19 1830.00 

VELl 0.0	 .40 .60 1.00 1.20 1.50 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.00 2.20 

VELl 0.0 2.40 2.20 2.50 2.60 2.60 2.80 2.90 2.80 3.10 3.10 3.10 3.10 

VEL1 0.0 3 • 2 0 3. 2 0 3. 0 0 2. 70, 2. 10 1. 60 1. 2 0 

.CAL2	 0.0 91.91 1620.00 

VEL2 0.0 

VEL2 0.0 

VEL2 0.0 

CAL3 0.0 92.11 1770.00 

VEL3 0.0 

VEL3 0.0 

VEL3 0.0 

XSEC 160.0 160.0 .50 87.10 .00011 

160.0 0.0101.2 25.092.21 32.0 90.2 39.0 90~0 49.0 90.1 59.0 90.0 

160.0 69.0 90.0 79.0 89.8 86.0 89.5 93.0 89.1100.0 88.6107.0 88.3 

160.0114.0 88.1121.0 87.9128.0 87.7135.0 87.5140.0 87.3145.0 87.1 

160.0150.0 87.0155.0 86.9160.0 86.8165.0 86.8170.0 86.7175.0 86.7 

160.0180.0 86.6185.0 86.7190.0 86.8195.0 87.0200.0 87.3205.0 87.7 

160.0212.0 88.0217.0 88.8226.192.21235.099.96 

NS 160.00.030 0.00.030 0.00.030 10.00.030 30.75.030 30.75.000 23.7 

NS 160.00.000 20.50.000 20.50.000 20.50.000 20.50.00032.20.000 32.2 

A-5
 
Table A-3 (Cant I d) 

NS 160.00.000 32.20.000 32.20.000 32.20.000 32.20.000 32.20.000 32.2 

NS 160.00.000 32.20.000 32.20.000 32.20.000 32.20.000 32.20.000 32.2 

NS 160.00.000 32'.20.000 32.20.000 32.20.000 32.20.000 32.20.030 32.2 

NS 160.00.030 30.50.030 30.70.030 0.00.030 0.0 

WSL 160.0 90.47 90.56 90.68 90.81 90.94 91.08 

WSL 160.0 91.23 91.37 91.51 91.65 91.78 91.92 

WSL 160.0 92.05 92.17 92.30 92.42 92.53 92.65 

WSL 160.0 92.77 92.88 92.99 93~50 94.00 94.45 

WSL 160.0 95.28 

CALl 160.0 92.21 1830.00 

VEL1 160.0 0.00 .20 .60 1.00 1.30 1.80 2.00 2.00 2.20 2.50 

VEL1 160.0 2.60 2.40 2.50 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.70 3.00 2.80 2.90 2.80 2.90 

VEL1 160.0 2.80 2.80 3.20 2.80 2.40 2.40 1.20 .30 

CAL2 160.0 91.94 1620.00 

VEL2 160.0 

VEL2 160.0 

VEL2 160.0 

CAL3 160~0 92.14 1770.00 

VEL3 160.0 

VEL3 160.0 

VEL3 160.0 

XSEC 378.0 218.0 .50 87.10 .00011 

378.0 0.098.26 24.092.23 39.0 91.7 54.0 91.4 69.0 91.0 79.0 90.5 

378.0 89.0 89.9 99.0 89.6109.0 89.4119.0 89.1126.0 88.8133.0 88.6 

378.0140.0 88.3147.0 88.0154.0 87.7161.0 87.3168.0 87.0175.0 86.8 

378.0182.0 86.4187.0 86.3192.0 86.2197.0 86.2202.0 86.3207.0 86.6 

378.0212.0 86.8219.0 87.6225.092.23238.0100.1 

NS 378.00.020 0.00.020 0.00.020 23.50.020 23.50.020 23.50.000 23.5 

NS 378.00.000 23".50.000 23.50.000 23.50.000 23.50.000 23.50.000 23.5 

NS 378.00.000 23.50.000 23.50.00023.50.000 23.50.000 23.50.000 23.5 

NS 378.00.000 30.20.000 30.20.000 30.20.000 30.20.000 30.20.020 23.5 

NS '378.00.020 20.70.020 10.00.020 0.00.020 0.0 

WSL 378.0 90.98 90.97 91.00 91.07 91.15 91.24 

WSL 378.0 91.36 91.47 91.59 91.71 91.83 91.95 

WSL 378.0 92.08 92.19 92.31 92.42 92.54' 92.65 

WSL 378.0 92.77 92.88 92.99 93.50 ' 94.00 94.45 

WSL 378.0 95.28 

CALl 378.0 92.23 1830.00 

VELl 378.0 .20 .90 2.00 2.30 2.30 2.70 2.90 2.90 2.80 2.90 

VELl 378.0 2.90 3.00 3.20 3.00 3.20 3.20 3.10 2.90 3.10 3.00 3.00 2.60 

VELl 378.0 1.80 .30 

CAL2 378.0 91.99 1620.00 

VEL2 378.0 

VEL2 378.0 

VEL2 378.0 

CAL3 378.0 92.16 1770.00 

VEL3 378.0 

VEL3 378.0 

VEL3 378.0 

ENDJ 
Table A-4. MASTER DATASET SITE 2001 UNALAKLEET RIVER 
Table A- 4 (Cont'd) 

VEL1 88.0 .10 1.30 2.30 2.80 3.10 3.30 3.50 3.40 3.10 3.60 

VEL1 88.0 3.30 3.00 2.70 2.60 1.80 2.00 1.40 .80 .50 .10 0.00 0.00 

VELl 88 .. 0 

CAL2 88.0 92.88 1160.00 

VEL2 88.0 

VEL2 88.0 

VEL2 88.0 

CAL3 88.0 93.27 1510.00 

VEL3 88.0 

VEL3 88.0 

VEL3 88.0 

XSEC 220.0 132.0 .50 84.80 .00030 

220.0 0.0100.3 6.093.51 15.0 89.4 25.0 89.4 29.0 89.4 33.0 89.6 

220.0 37.0 89.5 41.0 89.6 45.0 89.5 50.0 89.6 55.0 89.5 60.0 89.5 

220.0 66.0 89.4 71.0 89.3 76.0 89.2 81.0 89.1 86.0 88.9 91.0 88.8 

220.0 96.0 89.0101.0 88.9106.0 89.0111.0 89.0116.0 89.0121.0 89.0 

220.0126.0 89.0131.0 88.6138.0 88.6155.0 91.4165.0 89.5176.0 89.5 

220.0186.0 89.2196.0 90.5204.093.51211.0 98.7 

NS 220.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 220.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 220.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 220.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 220.0 32.25 30.50 30.50 10.00 10.00 10.00 

NS 220.0 10.00 10.00 

WSL 220.0 91.94 92.14 92.32 92.47 92.61 92.74 

WSL 220.0 92.85 92.96 93.07 93.17 93.25 93.33 

WSL 220.0 93.42 93.51 93.59 93.,66 93.73 93.80 

WSL 220.0 93.86 93.92 93.98 94.25 94.49 94.70 

WSL 220.0 95.09 

CALI 220.0 93.51 1800.00 

·VELI 220.0 1.90 2.80 2.80 3.60 3.00 3.20 3.10 3.40 3.40 3.70 

VEL1 220.0 3.60 3.40 3.50 3.10 3.30 3.30 3.40 3.40 3.10 2.90 2.70 2.60 

VEL1 220.0 2.20 1.20 .30 .10 .40 .40 1.00 .40 

CAL2 220.0 92.89 1160.00 

VEL2 220.0 

VEL2 220.0 

VEL2 220.0 

CAL3 220.0 93.28 1510.00 

VEL3 220.0 

VEL3 220.0 

VEL3 220.0 

ENDJ 
Table A~5. MASTER DATA SET SITE 2002 UNALAKLEET RIVER 

lOC 000010010000101000000 

NMAX 0.070 

QARD 1000 

QARD 1100 

QARD 1200 

QARD 1300 

QARD 1400 

QARD 1500 

QARD 1600 

QARD 1700 

QARD 1800 

QARD 1900 

QARD 2000 

QARD 2100 

QARD 2200 

QARD 2300 

QARD 2400 

QARD 2500 

QARD 3000 

QARD 3500 

XSEC 0.0 0.0 .50 87.50 .00200 

0.0 0.0 99.7 7.0 93.7 11.0 89.8 18.0 88.4 23.0 88.0 28.0 a8.0 

0.0 33.0 87.8 38.0 87.5 43.0 87.6 48.0 87.7 53.0 88.0 58.0 88.3 

.0.0 63.0 88.5 70.0 89.4 80.0 90.2 90.0 90.9100.0 91.2110.0 91.6 

0.0120.0 91.9130.0 92.1140.0 92.4150.0 92.6160.0 92.7170.0. 93.0 

0.0184.0 92.9210.0 93.7275.0100.3 

NS 0.0 10.00 23.25 23.25 30.25 

NS 0.0 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 32.25 

NS 0.0 32.25 32.25 32.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 

NS 0.0 34.25 34.25 34 ..25 34.25 32.25 32.25 

NS 0.0 32.25 

WSL 0.0 91.57 91.81 92.01 92.20 92'.37 92.53 

WSL 0.0 92.67 92.80 92.92 93.04 93.14 '93.24 

WSL 0.0 93.34 93.43 93.52 93.60 93.68 93.76 

WSL 0.0 93.84. 93.91 93.98 94.29 94.58 94.83 

WSL 0.0 95.29 

CALl 0.0 93.70 2120.00 

VELl 0.0 .80 2.90 2.90 3.50 4.00 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.50 4.50 

VEL1 0.0 4.40 4.50 4.10 4.30 4.20 4.20 4 :50 4.00 4.20 4.20 3.30 2.50 

VELl 0.0 2.50 

CAL2 0.0 92.90 1210.00 

VEL2 0.0 

VEL2 0.0 

VEL2 0.0 

CAL3 0.0 93.37 1700.00 

VEL3 0.0 

VEL3 0.0 

VEL3 0.0 

XSEC . 81.0 81.0 .50 87.50 .00200 

81.0 0.0100.1 13.093.95 26.0 89.8 32.0 89.6 39.0 90.1 46.0 90.2' 

81.0 54.0 90.4 62.0 90.6.72.0 90.9 82.0 91.0 92.0 91.0102.0 91.0 

81.0112.0 90.9122.0 90.6131.0 90.6140.0 90.5149.0 90.6159.0 90.6 

81.0167.0 90.7176.0 91.1186~0 91.4196.0 91.6206.0 92.2217.0 93.3 . 81.0235.093.95263.0100.1 

NS 81.0 10.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 

NS 81.0 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 

NS 81.0 30.25 30.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 

NS 81.0 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 45.50 

NS 81.0 

WSL 81.0 91.76 91..98 92.17 92.36 92.53 92.70 

A-9 
WSL 81.0 92.85 92.98 93.11 93.24 93.35 93.45 

WSL 81.0 93.56 93.66 93.75 93.84 93.92 94.01 

WSL 81.0 '94.09 94.17 94.24 94.58 94.89 95.17 

WSL 81.0 95.67 

CALl 81.0 93.95 2120.00 

VEL1 81.0 1.20 2.60 3.20 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.90 3.90 4.30 4.50 

VELl 81.0 4.60 4.40 4.40 4.00 3.90 3.80 3.90 3.90 3.10 3.00 2.40 1.10 

VEL1 81.0 

CAL2 81.0 93.05 1210.00 

VEL2 81.0 

VEL2 81.0 

VEL2 81.0 

CAL3 81.0 93.54 1700.00 

VEL3 81.0 

VEL3 81.0 

VEL3 81.0 

XSEC 250.0 169.0 .50 87.50 .00200 

250.0 0.0101.1 49.0 94.1 60.0 91.7 70.0 90.8 78.0 91.3 88.0 91.1 

250.0 98.0 90.5108.0 90.6118.0 90.4128.0 90.3138.0 89.9147.0 89.9 

250.0155.0 89.6163.0 89.3170.0 89.3177.0 89.0184.0 88.9191.0 88.6 

250.0198.0 88.5205.0 88.5212.0 88.5218.0 88.4224.0 88.3229.0 88.2 

250.0239.0 94.1245.0100.1 

NS 250.0 10.00 20.75 32.50 34.50 

NS 250.0 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 

NS 250.0 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 

NS 250.0 34.25 34.25 34.25 30.50 30.50 30.50 

NS 250.0 

WSL 250.0 91.93 92.14 92.33 92.51 92.68 92.84 ' 

WSL 250.0 92.99 93.13 93.26 ' 93.38 93.50 93.60 

WSL 250.0 93.71 93.81 93.91 93.99 94.08 94.17 

WSL 250.0 94.25 94.33 94.41 94.75 95.07 95.35 , WSL 250.0 95.87 

CALl 250.0 94.10 2120.00 

VEL1 250.0 1.20 1.00 2.60 2.60 2.90 2.70 3.00 3.00 3.20 3.10 

VELl 250.0 2.90 3.00 3.30 2.90 3.10 2.80 3.00 2.60 2.10 1.50 1.00 0.50 

VELl 250.0 

CAL2 250.0 93.18 1210.00 

VEL2 250.0 

VEL2 250.0 

VEL2 250.0 

CAL3 250.0 93.67 1700.00 

VEL3 250.0 

VEL3 250.0 

VEL) '250.0 

ENDJ 

A-10 
Table A-6. MASTER DATA SET SITE 3001 UNALAKLEET RIVER 

IOC 0000100100001010000000 

NMAX 0.08 

QARD 500.0 

QARD 600.0 

QARD 700.0 

QARD 800.0 

QARD 900.0 

QARD 1000 

QARD 1100 

QARD 1200 

QARD 1300 

QARD 1400 

QARD 1500 

QARD 1600 

QARD 1700 

QARD 1800 

QARD 1900 

QARD 2000 

QARD 2100 

QARD 2200 

QARD 2300 

QARD 2400 

QARD 2500 

XSEC 0.0 0.0 .50 87.50 .00300 

0.0 0.0 98.1 6.0 94.2 35.0 94.2 53.0 95.5 70.7 9,4.2 85.0 92.7 

0.0 97.3 92.5110.0 91.8120.0 90.8128.0 90.7135.0 90.6142.0 90.1 

'0.0147.0 89.5151.0 88.8155.0 88.0159.0 87.6163.0 87.5168.0 87.5 

0.0172.5 89.0179.0 94.2183.5 99.7 

NS 0.0 30.75 

NS 0.0 23.50 23.25 23.25 23.25 23~25 30.25 

NS 0.0 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 30.25 

NS 0.0 10.00 

WSL 0.0 91.33 91.98 92.40 92.72 92.98 93.19 

WSL 0.0 93.38 93~55 93.70 93.84 93.97 94~09

WSL 0.0 94.21 94.32 94.41 94.51 94.59 94.67 

WSL 0.0 94.75 94.82 ' 9~.9b 94.96 95.03 95.09 

WSL 0.0 95.15 

CALI 0.0 94.20 1290.00 

VELl 0.0 .1,0 .20 2.30 3.30 3.80 4.10 4.60 

VEL1 0.0 5.10 5.10 5.30 4.90 4.80 3.'40 1.50 

CAL2 0.0 93.50 750.00 

VEL2 0.0 

VEL2 0.0 

CAL3 0.0 93.60 850.00 

VEL3 0.0 

VEL3 0.0 

XSEC 84.0 84.0 .50 87.50 .00300 

84.0 0.0 96.4132.5 94.4142.5 94.1152.5 94.0162.5 93.5172.5 92.8 

84.0182.5 92.3191.5 91.8200.5 91.4204.5 91.2208.5 91.0212.5 90.8 

84.0216.5 90.5220.5 90.4224.5 90.3228.5 90.3232.5 90.2236.5 89.7 

84.0241.5 89.6246.5 89.3251.0 90.9257.5 94.4257.5 98.8 

NS 84.0 32.50 32.'50 32.50 32.50 

NS 84.0 32.50 32.50 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

NS 84.0 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.,00 30.00 30.00 

NS 84.0 30.00 30.00 20.75 

WSL 84.0 91.43 92.07 92.49 92.82 93.0B 93.30 

WSL 84.0 93.49 93.67 93.83 93.97 94.11 9·4.23 

WSL 84.0 94.36 94.47 94.57 94.67 94.76 94.84 

WSL 84.0 94.93 95.01 95.09 95.16 95.23 95.30 

WSL 84.0 95.36 

CALI 84.0 94.40 1290.00 

VELl 84.0 .30 .90 1.40 2.50 2.70 4.70 5.30 5.50 5.50 5.80 

A-11 
Table A-6 (Cont'd) 

VEL1 84.0 5.90 6.10 5.80 5.50 5.20 5.10 3.70 3.40 1.20 

CAL2 84.0 93.52 750.00 

VEL2 84.0 

VEL2 84.0 

CAL3 84.0 93.61 850.00 

VEL3 84.0 

VEL3 84.0 

XSEC 281.0 197.0 .50 87.50 .00300 

281.0 0.0 97.8 16.5 95.1 30.0 94.4 40.0 94.1 50.0 93.3 60.0 93.1 

281.0 65.0 93.0 70.0 92.9 75.0 92.8 80.0 91.8 85.0 92.3 90.0 92.1 

281.0 95.0 92.0100.0 91.9105.0 91.9110.0 91.7115.0 91.6120.0 91.6 

281.0125.0 91.5130.0 91.8137.0 92.3145.0 93.2158.0 93.1168.0 92.8 

281.0175.0 92.1182.0 92.5188.8 95.1195.5 99.6 

NS 281.0 45.50 34.25 34.25 34.25 

NS 281.0 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 

NS 281.0 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 

NS 281.0 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 34.25 23.25 

NS 281.0 23.25 23.25 

WSL 281.0 92.65 93.05 93.35 93.61 93.84 94.05 

WSL 281.0 94.23 94.41 94.57 94.73 94.87 95.02 

WSL 281.0 95.15 95.27 95.40 95.51 95.62 95.72 

WSL 281.0 95.82 95.91 96.01 96.09 96.18 96.27 

WSL 281.0 96.34 

CALl 281.0 95.10 1290.00 

VELl 281.0 1.50 3.50 4.00 3.40 3.70 4.70 4.80 4.60 4.80 4.60 

VELl 281.0 4.80 4.40 4.80 5.30 5.00 5.40 5.40 5.00 4.80 3.00 2.60 1.50 

VELl 281.0 1.20 .80 

CAL2 281.0 94.39 750.00 

VEL2 281.0 

VEL2 281.0 

VEL2 281:0 

CAL3 281.0 94.47 850.00 

VEL3 281.0 

VEL3 281.0 

VEL3 281.0 

ENDJ 

A-12
 
Table A-7. MASTER DATA SET SITE 4001 UNALAKLEET RIVER 

IOC 1000100100001 

QARD 300.0 

QARD 400.0 

QARD 500.0 

QARD 600.0 

QARD 700.0 

QARD 800.0 

QARD 900.0 

XSEC 0.0 0.0 .50 96.20 .00600 

0.0 0.099.74 .497.98 5.0 96.7 10.0 95.8 15.0 96.9 27.0 97.8 

0.0 43.097.98 46.0 97.4 56.0 97.1 66.0 97.1 76.0 96.7 86.0 96.5 

0.0 96.0 96.2106.0 96.5116.0 96.8128.097.98231.0100.3 

NS 0.0 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 

NS 0.0 10.00 23.10 64.10 64.10 64.10 64.10 

NS 0.0 64.10 64.10 64.10 

WSL 0.0 97.30 97.60 97.83 97.98 98.05 98.20 

WSL 0.0 98.34 98.47 98".59 98.70 98.80 

CALI 0.0 97.98 360.00 

VEL1 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.20 3.10 4.10 4.40 '4.40 

VEL1 0.0 4.10 4.20 3.20 

XSEC 54.0 54.0 .50 96.20 .00600 

54.0 0.099.96 3.598~57 5.5 98.1 7.598.57 25.098.95 55.098.57 

54.0 65.0 98.2 75.0 98.1 83.0 96.0 91.0 95.5 99.0 95.3107.0 95.4 

54.0115.0 95.2123.0 96.4128.098.57228.099.96 

NS 54.00.070 0.070 0.07020.000.06030.000.06030.00 30.00 

NS 54.0 30.00 64.00 64.10 64.10 64.10 64.10 

NS 54.00.06064.100.06064.100.070 0.070 

WSL 54. O· 96.93 97.57 98.15 98.57 99.06 99.28 

W.SL 54.0 99.46 99.62 99.77 99.90 100.01 

CALl 54.0 98.57 "' 360.00

VEL1 54.0 0.00 1.00 1.30 1.90 2.00 2.60 2.50 

VEL1 54.0 2.501.50 

XSEC 120.0 66.0 .50 96.20 .00600 

120.0 0.099.71 52.598.66 63.0 98.2 .73.0 97.3 83.0 96.9 93.0 96.9 

120.0103.0 95.4113.0 95.4123.0 95.4133.0 95.3143.0 96.7150.099.71 

NS 120.0 10.10 60.80 43.50 54.10 

NS 120.0 54.10 54.10 54.10 54.10 54.10 

WSL 120.0 97.26 97.89 98.39 98.66 98.88 99.30 

WSL 120.0 99.62 99.84 100.02 100.20 100.36 

CALl 120.0 98.66 360.00 

VELl 120.0 .10 .50 .80 2.00 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.50 1.50 

ENDJ 
Table A-8. MASTER DATA SET SITE 4002 UNALAKLEET RIVER 

IOC 100010010000101000 

NMAX 0.070 

QARD 300.0 

QARD 400.0 

QARD 500.0 

QARD 600.0 

QARD 700.0 

QARD 800.0 

QARD 900.0 

XSEC 0.0 0.0 .50 96.30 .00370 

0.0 1.0101.6 4.798.58 13.0 96.6 21.0 96.3 29.0 96.5 37.0 96.5 

0.0 45.0 97.4 53.0 98.2 61.098.58 75.0 99.3 93.098.58102.097.22 

0.0105.098.58107.0101.7 

NS 0.0 10.00 10.00 53.10 53.10 53.10 53.10 

NS 0.0 43.10 43.10 43.10 43.10 43.10 10.00 

NS 0.0 10.00 10.00 

WSL 0.0 97.63 98.12 98.49 98.58 98.79 99.04 

WSL 0.0 99.24 99.39 99.51 99.63 99.74 

CALl 0.0 98.58 330.00 

VEL1 0.0 2.20 5.00 5.40 4.70 2.90 1.80 

VEL1 0.0 

XSEC 72.0 72.0 .50 96.30 .00370 

72.0 0.0101.5 5.098.91 8.0 96.0 13.0 95.5 21.0 96.1 29.0 96.3 

72.0 37.0 96.9 45.0 97.7 53.0 98.2 60.098.91 92.0100.5113.099.29 

72.0120.0 97.0128.01D1.4 

NS 72.0 10.00 10.00 53.10 53.10 53.10 53.10 

NS 72.0 53.10 43.10 43'.10 43.10 43.10 43.10 

NS ,72.0 10.00 10.00 

WSL 72.0 97.66 98.34 98.79 98.91 99.19 99.57 

WSL 72.0 99.88 100.13 100.35 100.53 100.67 

CALl 72.0 98.91 330.00 

VELl 72.0 2.30 4.20 3.40 3.10 2.40 1.90 1.20 

VEL1 72.0 

XSEC 273.0 201.0 .50 96.30 .00370 

273.0 12.0100.6 12.0 99.6 15.099.75 20.0 97.2 28.0 97.5 36.0 98.1 

273.0 44.0 98.3 52.0 98.8 62.0 98.9 72.0 98.9 82.0 99.1 91.0 99.6 

273.0106.5100.7115.0 99.6117.0 99.4120.0 98.1120.0102.7 

NS 273.0 50.00 50.00 54.10 54.10 

NS 273.0 54.10 54.10 54.10 54.10 54.10 54.10 

NS 273.0 54.10 54.10 10.00 10.00 

WSL ,273.0 98.93 99.30 99.54 99.60 99.75 99.91 

WSL 273.0 100.06 100.20 100.33 100.45 100.56 

CALl 273.0 99.60 330.00 

VEL1 273.0 4-.80 5.60 3.40 4.10 3.80 3.20 3.70 2.10 1.70 

VELl 273.0 

ENDJ 
Appendix B
 
r 

I
 

i
 

Ii 

\ 
Appendix B 

Table B-1. Velocity Adjustment Factors for the Unalakleet River. Segement 1. 

SITE 1001 SITE 1002 SITE 1003 

XSEC DISCHRG VAF XSEC DISCHRG VAF XSEC DISCHRG VAF 

(cfs) (cts) (cfs) 

0 1000 0.987 0 1000 0.784 0 1000 0.985 

0 

0 

1'00 

1200 

0.991 

0.997 

0 

b 

1100 

1200 

0.804 

0.818 

0 

0 

1100 

1200 

0.984 

0.988 

0 1300 0.999 0 1300 0.833 a 1300 0.989 

a 1400 1.002 0 1400 0.849 a 1400 0.991 

0 1500 1.003 0 1500 0.861 0 1500 0.996 

0 1600 1.006 0 1600 0.876 0 .1600 0.998 

0 1700 1.006 a 1700 0.887 0 1700 0.998 

0 1800 1.006 0 1800 0.897 0 1800 1.001 

0 1900 1.007 0 1900 0.909 0 1900 1.002 

0 2000 1.007 0 2000 0.919 0 2000 1.005 

0 2100 1.006 a 2100 0.927 0 2100 1.008 

0 2200 1.007 0 2200 0.939 0 2200 1.009 

0 2300 1.004 a 2300 0.949 0 2300 1.009 

0 2400 1.003 0 2406 0.957 0 2400 1.012 

0 2500 1.002 0 2500 0.965 0 2500 1.014 

0 3000 0.993 0 3000 1.000 0 3000 1.023 

0 3500 0.983 0 3500 1.032 0 3500 1.025 

0 4000 0.972 0 4000 1.062 0 4000 1.032 

0 5000 0.948 0 5000 1.119 0 5000 1.044 

276 1000 0.809 340 1000 0.955 160· 1000 0.986 

276 1100 0.845 340 1100 0.969 160 1100 1.009 

276 1200 0.880 340 1200 0.978 160 1200 1.031 

276 1300 0.907 340 1300 0.987 160 1300 1.048 

276 1400 0.938 340 1400 0.998 160 1400 1.062 

276 1500 0.961 340 1500 1.006 160 1500 1.077 

276 1600 0.989 340 1600 1.016 160 1600 1.085 

276 1700 1.011 340 1700 1.024 160 1700 1.094 

'276 1800 1.030 340 1800 1.029 160 1800 1.106 

276 1900 1.050 340 1900 1.037 160 1900 1.111 

276 2000 1.069 340 2000 1.043 160 2000 1.118 

276 2100 1.081 340 2100 1.048 160 2100 1.128 

276 2200 1.100 340 2200 1.057 160 2200 1.132 

276 2300 1.113 340 2300 1.064 160 2300 1.136 

276 2400 1.129 340 2400 1.089 160 2400 1.142 

276 2500 1.138 340 2500 1.073 160 2500 1.147 

276 3000 1.193 340 3000 1.094 160 3000 1.172 

276 3500 1.228 340 3500 1.115 160 3500 1.184 

276 4000 1.263 340 4000 1.130 160 4000 1.200 

276 5000· 1.311 340 5000 1.171 160 5000 1.225 

781 1000 0.803 806 1000 0.713 378 1000 0.892 

781 1100 0.831 806 1100 0.739 378 1100 0.92.5 

781 1200 0.860 806 1200 0.761 378 1200 0.956 

781 1300 0.879 806 1300 0.779 378 1300 0.978 

781 1400 0.900 806 1400 0.800 378 1400 0.996 

781 1500 0.913 806 1500 0.819 378 1500 1.011 

781 1800 0.934 808 1600 0.838 378 1600 1.022 

781 1700 0.947 806 1700 0.855' 378 1700 1.026 

781 1800 0.958 806 1800 0.870 378 1800 1.037 

781 1900 0.972 806 1900 0.887 378 1900 1.040 

781 2000 0.979 806 2000 0.901. 378 2000 1.046 

781 2100 0.990 806 2100 0.914 378 2100 1.046 

781 2200 0.999 806 2200 0.930 378 2200 1.049 

781 2300 1.002 806 2300 0.944 378 2300 1.047 

781 2400 1.009 806 2400 0.956 ~78 2400 1.048 

781 2500 1.020 806 2500 0.968 378 2500 1.048 

781 3000 1.043 806 3000 1.020 378 3000 1.051 

781 3500 1.058 806 . 3500 1.063 378 3500 1.044 

781 4000 1.070 806 4000 1.105 378 4000 1.044 

781 5000 1.0B7 806 5000 1.183 378 5000 1.043 
Table B-2. Velocity Adjustment Factors for the Unalakleet River, Segments 2 and 3 

SITE 2001 SITE 2002 SITE 3001 

XSEC DISCHRG VAF XSEC DISCHRG VAF XSEC DISCHRG VAF 

(cfs) (cfs) (cfs) 

0 1000 0.794 0 1000 0.909 0 500 0.823 

0 1100 0.828 0 1100 0.923 0 600 0.875 

0 1200 0.857 0 1200 0.935 0 700 0.916 

0 1300 0.886 0 1300 0.946 0 800 0.951 

0 1400. 0.911 0 1400 0.951 0 900 0.980 

0 1500 0.~40 0 1500 0.962 0 '1000 1.004 

a 1600 0.967 0 1600 0.969 0 1100 1.024 

0 1700 0.991 0 1700 0.972 0 1200 1.040 

0 1800 1.007 0 1800 0.978 0 1300 1.050 

0 1900 1.026 . 0 1900 0.982 0 1400 1.056 

0 2000 1.047 0 2000 0.988 0 1500 1.064 

0 2100 1.071 0 2100 0.993 0 1600 1.065 

0 2200 1.088 0 2200 0.995 0 1700 1.068 

0 2300 1.108 0 2300 0.995 0 1800 1.068 

0 2400 1.126 0 2400 1.000 0 1900 1.066 

0 2500 1.148 a 2500 1.003 a 2000 1.064 

0 3000 1.233 0 3000 1.026 0 2100 1.058 

a 3500 1.313 0 3500 1.039 a 2200 1.055 

0 2300 1.048 

88 1000 0.729 81 1000 1.041 0 2400 1.042 

88 1100 0.754 81 1100 1.012 0 2500 1.035 

88 1200 o.m 81 1200 0.997 

88 1300 0.801 81 1300 0.982 84 SOD 0.839 

88 1400 0.821 81 1400 0.966 84 600 0.864 

88 1500 0.842 81 1500 0.961 84 700 0.890 

88 1600 0.864 81 1600 0.961 84 800 0.909 

88 1700 0.884 81 1700 0.953 84 900 0.931 

88 1800 0.893 81 1800 0.950 84 1000 0.955 

.88 1900 0.908 81 1900 0.952 84 1100 0.972 

88 2000 0.926 81 2000 0.952 84 1200 0.994 

88 2100 0.942 81 2100 0.956 84 1300 1.006 

88 2200 0.956 81 2200 0.953 . 84 1400 1.023 

88 2300 0.973 81 2300 0.954 84 1500 1.0:42 

B8 2400 0.984 81 2400 0.955 84 1600 1.058 

88 2500 1.003 81 2500 0.960 84 1700 1.075 

88 3000 1.067 81 3000 0.9n 84 1800 1.096 

88 3500 1.127 81 3500 0.992 84 1900 1.109 

84 2000 1.124 

220 1000 1.117 250 1000 0.801 84 2100 1.138 

220 1100 1.117 250 1100 0.816 84 2200 1.155 

220 1200 1.110 250 1200 0.831 84 2300 1.170 

220 1300 1.099 250 1300 0.846 84 2400 1,184 

220 1400 1.093 250 1400 0.862 84 2500 1,202 

'220 1500 1.100 250 1500 0.875 

220 1600 1.104 250 1600 0.893 281 500 0.925 

220 1700 1.097 250 1700 0.906 281 600 0.898 

220 1800 1.087 250 1800 0.920 281 700 0.886 

220 1900 1.084 250 1900 0.932 281 800 0.867 

220 2000 1.086 250 2000 0.951 281 900 0.856 

220 2100 1.086 250 2100 0.964 281 1000 0.842 

220 2200 1.084 250 2200 0.974 281 1100 0.837 

220 2300 1.088 250 2300 0.987 281. 1200 0.824 

220 2400 1.091 250 2400 0.999 281 1300 0.819 

220 2500 1.093 250 2500 1.010 281 1400 0.817 

220 3000 1.104 250 3000 1.073 281 1500 0.809 

220 3500 1.114 250 3500 1.125 281 1600 0.809 

281 1700 0.801 

281 1800 0.809 

281 1900 0.809 

281 2000 0.813 

281 2100 0.811 

281. 2200 0.817 

281 2300 0.817 

281 2400 0.817 

281 2500 0.824 
Table B-3. Velocity Adjustment Factors for the Unalakleet River, Segment 4 

SITE 4001 SITE 4002 

XSEC D1SCHRG 

(cfs) 

VAF XSEC DISCHRG 

(cfs) 

VAF 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

a 

0 

300 

400 

·500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

0.719 

0.828 

0.953 

1.056 

1.140 

1.230 

1.171 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

300 

400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

0.934 

1.017 

1.071 

1.130 

1.164 

1.206 

1.162 

. 

54 

54 

54 

54 

54 

54 

54 

300 

400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

1.030 

1.243 

1.452 

1,607 

1.768 

1.902 

2.063 

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

72 

300 

400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

0.962 

1.073 

1.152 

1.214 

1.258 

1.293 

1.321 

120 

120 

120 

120 

120 

120 

120 

300 

400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

0.863 

1.023' 

1.173 

1.283 

1.368 

1.431 

1.477 

273 

273 

273 

273 

273 

273 

273 

300 

400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

1.120 

1.172 

1.186 

1:219 

1.177 

1.141 

1.112