Columbia

River Gorge

National Wildlife 

Refuges

Steigerwald Lake NWR 

Franz Lake NWR 

Pierce NWR

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Soaring high above 

the volcanic ridges of 

the Cascades, a family 

of winged migrants spot 

a familiar resting place 

below. 

Soon the weary travelers 

will find refuge near the 

shores of the Columbia 

River, that constant 

force responsible for 

carving this impressive 

passage. Though human 

progress may ring in the 

distance, they are at home 

among the wild chorus 

that sings the story of 

these jewels of the 

Columbia River Gorge.
The Constancy 

of Change

The forces of nature have brought 

great change to the Columbia River 

Gorge; at times slowly through the 

steady flow of the river, at other times 

in the form of cataclysmic events 

like the Ice Age Floods.

People have also brought change to 

this area—altering the flow of water 

with dams and dikes, and clearing 

land for agriculture. This human 

influence created habitat loss, leading 

to the establishment of Steigerwald 

Lake, Franz Lake and Pierce 

National Wildlife Refuges.

Located at the crossroads of the 

Cascade Mountains and the Columbia 

River, this area is uniquely significant 

to wildlife. Birds from the east side of 

the mountains mingle with those of 

the west in this near sea-level passage. 

When the second powerhouse was 

constructed at Bonneville Dam, 

lowland habitat was lost both up and 

downstream. A portion of these 

Refuge lands were established to 

mitigate for this loss—creating more 

feeding habitat for migrating and 

resident wildlife.

Once, natural processes of the river 

provided habitat by creating and 

replenishing wetlands and depositing 

sandbars colonized by willows and 

cottonwoods. Due to the demands of 

energy and agriculture these habitats 

vanished. Wetlands were drained, 

riparian forests were cleared, dikes 

were constructed, and dams were 

built. As a result, the river no longer 

performs its natural processes on 

the Refuges. 

The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service now 

protects these lands, often managing 

them with the same methods that 

depleted the original habitats to 

create a vibrant resource supporting 

a growing wildlife population.

W A S H I N G T O N

Crown Point as seen from 

Steigerwald Lake NWR

©Dave Olson
Steigerwald Lake 

National Wildlife 

Refuge

Teeming with wildlife at the eastern 

edge of Camas and Washougal, 

Washington, the 1,049-acre Steigerwald 

Lake National Wildlife Refuge presents 

a fantastic opportunity to connect 

with nature through hiking and 

wildlife observation.

Over 200 of the 300 bird species seen 

in Clark County have been observed 

on this relatively small refuge, 

making Steigerwald Lake an 

excellent birding destination.

Habitat management is an active 

process at Steigerwald Lake. Refuge 

staff, with the support of 

volunteers, are actively 

restoring riparian plants 

along salmon-bearing Gibbons Creek. 

Other habitats of vital importance to 

the Refuge include seasonal wetlands, 

grasslands, and oak forested uplands.

The results of these management 

efforts can be measured in abundance. 

In addition to its diversity of birds, 

the Refuge is also home to over 20 

species of mammals, 15 species of 

reptiles and amphibians, and a wide 

variety of insects, fish, and plants. 

With the opening of a new trail in 

2009, the Refuge has also become a 

place where people can experience and 

learn about wildlife and the places 

they call home.

Steigerwald Lake National 

Wildlife Refuge is one of over 

540 refuges in the National 

Wildlife Refuge System—a 

network of lands and waters 

set aside specifically for wildlife. 

Managed by the U.S. Fish and 

Wildlife Service, the System is

a living heritage, conserving fish,

wildlife and their habitats for future 

generations.

Bewick’s wren

©Roger Windemuth

Bufflehead overwinter 

on the Refuge

©Roger Windemuth

Signs of Black-tailed deer can be seen along the trail

Osprey, nesting 

along the Columbia, 

come to the Refuge 

in search of a meal.

©Roger Windemuth

Coyote search the 

grasslands for voles

©Roger Windemuth
Enjoying the 

Refuge

Steigerwald Lake NWR is a place 

where wildlife comes first. When 

visiting, always remember, you are a 

guest in their home.

The Refuge is open from dawn to

dusk throughout the year. The closing 

time is posted on the entrance gate.

Environmental education is an 

important part of ensuring the future 

of conservation. Educators who are 

interested in coming to the Refuge 

and connecting their students with 

nature are encouraged to call and 

learn about current opportunities.

Along this 2.75-mile wildlife art trail 

you’ll encounter a variety of habitats 

and wildlife viewpoints. 

As you walk, look 

closer—natural 

and man-made art 

is waiting to be 

discovered. The trail 

is open year-round, 

with a seasonal spur 

closed from October 1 

through April 30 to 

provide sanctuary for 

wintering waterfowl. The rest of 

Steigerwald Lake NWR is closed to 

the public. Please stay on the trail.

Visitor service facilities, including 

trails and overlooks, have been 

designed to accommodate visitors 

needing special assistance. Please 

contact Refuge staff if you would like 

further information.

Trails are for walking only. To 

minimize disturbance to wildlife, no 

biking, jogging, or running is allowed.

Pets are not 

allowed. They 

disturb wildlife and 

will scare animals 

away before you 

and others get a 

chance to see them.

Please leave plants 

and animals for all 

to enjoy. Collecting 

of any kind is not 

allowed. Do not pick 

up wildlife. While it 

may appear that a 

young animal has 

been abandoned, 

chances are its parent

is watching anxiously 

nearby.

No fires, fireworks, fishing, or 

hunting. Camping or overnight 

parking is not permitted.

Refuge Hours

Environmental 

Education

Gibbons Creek 

Wildlife Art Trail

Accessibility

Walking Only

Pets

Collecting

Prohibited 

Activities

Long-tailed weasel

©Roger Windemuth

Look for dowitchers, heads 

bobbing like sewing machine 

needles, as they probe for food

©Roger Windemuth

©Dave Olson
Refuge Map

Portland

Vancouver

Washougal

Troutdale

Camas

Multnomah

Falls

Beacon Rock

State Park

Cascade Locks

Bridge of the Gods

Little White

Salmon NFH

Spring

Creek NFH White

Salmon NFH

Hood River

Stevenson

Willard

Crown Point

State Park

Bonneville Dam Steigerwald

Lake NWR

Franz Lake

NWR

Pierce NWR

Willard NFH

Columbia River Gorge

National Scenic Area

Steigerwald Lake

NWR

Franz Lake

NWR

Pierce

NWR

Redtail Lake

Scaup Pond

Steigerwald

Lake

Steigerwald

 Lake

Evergreen Highway

Captain William Clark Park

Columbia River

Overlook

Columbia River

Gorge Overlook

Fish

Ladder

Steigerwald

Lake Overlook

Redtail

Lake Overlook

Columbia River

Gibbons Creek

Reed Island

Steigerwald Lake

National Wildlife Refuge

Gibbons Creek Art Trail

Open Year-Round

Seasonal Spur

Closed Oct 1-April 30 

to protect wildlife

Columbia River Dike Trail

Bikes, horseback riding, 

jogging, and dogs on leash 

allowed.

Refuge Boundary

Trailhead Restrooms Parking

0 Miles 1/2

0 Kilometers 1/2

Refuge Map
Located near the hamlet of 

Skamania, Washington, about

15 miles upstream from Steigerwald 

Lake, this 552-acre refuge contains 

one of the few remaining natural 

wetlands still connected to the Columbia 

River. Although not open to the public, 

this sanctuary for wildlife can be 

viewed from an overlook along SR 14.

Created in 1990, the Franz and adjacent 

Arthur Lakes contain healthy stands 

of wapato, an important winter food 

for migrating tundra swans. Other 

wintering waterfowl that rely on 

the lakes include lesser scaup, 

canvasbacks, and ring-necked 

ducks. The Refuge also provides 

homes for a variety of other wildlife 

including species such as rails, 

band-tailed pigeons, red-tailed 

hawks, bobcat, and black bear.

There’s more to Franz Lake NWR 

than open water. Wetlands, riparian 

forests, old-growth cedar, fir stands, 

and open meadows also provide vital 

habitat for wildlife.

Franz Lake 

National Wildlife 

Refuge

Ring-necked duck

©Matt Knoth

Disappearing fall colors signal the 

arrival of tundra swans at Franz Lake

©Dave Miller

Wapato 

reveals its 

flower in 

midsummer.

©Carla Finley
Pierce NWR is located just upstream 

the from Franz Lake NWR, between 

the town of North Bonneville and 

Beacon Rock State Park.

From 1955 to 1988 the 

cattle pastures of Pierce 

Ranch attracted scores of 

wintering geese. Endeared 

to the geese that took 

refuge on her ranch, Mrs. 

Lena Pierce took action to 

conserve the land and its 

wildlife. In 1993, she 

donated the ranch to the 

U.S. Fish & Wildlife 

Service. Through this 

generous act the area 

became a 329-acre National 

Wildlife Refuge managed in 

perpetuity as an inviolate 

sanctuary for migratory birds. 

Today, grassland and wetland habitats 

support a diversity of wintering 

waterfowl. Managed for a mosaic of 

habitat types, this small landscape is 

biologically rich, supporting several 

rare and imperiled species of plants 

and animals.

Although this refuge is also closed to 

the public, spring and fall guided tours 

are offered. Please call for details.

Pierce National 

Wildlife Refuge

Historically, 

Columbia River 

chum salmon 

harvests exceeded 

eight million pounds 

annually. Today, 

the spawning beds 

at Pierce NWR represent one of the few 

remaining chum runs in the river. 

These salmon prefer the cool, clean, 

well-oxygenated water for spawning 

found in the slow-moving, spring-fed 

Hardy Creek at Pierce NWR.

Since 2000, Refuge staff have worked 

with the Washington Department of 

Fish and Wildlife to establish a 

breeding population of 200 western 

pond turtles, a state-endangered 

species. The turtles 

have been found 

breeding in only 

three other locations 

along the Columbia 

River. Its habitat and 

protected status 

made the Refuge 

an ideal location 

to introduce 

another breeding 

population.

Pierce Lake

©Dave Miller

Chum salmon

©Austin Baker

Western pond turtle

©Yathin

Canada geese find 

ample winter food

at Pierce NWR 

©Roger Windemuth
A Year of Wildlife Discover an ever changing panorama 

of wildlife. As the seasons change, so 

does wildlife viewing. Located on the 

Pacific Flyway, these Refuges are an 

important stopover where migratory 

waterfowl and songbirds stop to rest,

refuel, and raise their young.

This is the time to enjoy the bright

colors and singing chorus of migratory 

songbirds. Many species of songbirds 

such as the Bullock’s oriole 

arrive and use the Refuges as a 

place to breed and nest. At the 

same time, wetland species 

such as the American bittern 

and Virginia rail are common 

but difficult to spot. Northern 

harriers are frequently seen 

flying low over wetland 

vegetation looking 

for dinner.

As migration slows, wildlife focus on 

raising their young. Broods of mallards 

and Canada geese are commonly seen 

in the wetlands. Plants like smartweed 

grow and become the perfect food for 

migrating waterfowl that arrive later 

in the year. Red-winged blackbirds 

are often seen in the wetlands scattered 

throughout the Refuges.

As rain rolls in 

and temperatures

cool, Arcticnesting birds 

begin to arrive 

from their northern 

breeding grounds. 

In search of open 

water, food, and 

shelter, waterfowl 

fulfill their needs 

on the Refuges. 

This is also when 

Canada geese 

arrive and can 

be seen moving

between wetland

areas.

The calm waters of Steigerwald Lake 

NWR attract large rafts of diving 

ducks, including scaup and ring-necked 

ducks, as they seek refuge from the 

turbulent Columbia River. The 

cackling of up to 2,000 geese can be 

heard, creating an uproar as they 

move from one field to another. You 

may get lucky and spot a few snow 

geese or greater white-fronted geese 

among them. 

Spring

Fall

Winter

Summer

Great blue heron

©Roger Windemuth

Bullock’s oriole

©Roger Windemuth

Northern pintail

eat seeds and aquatic 

insects as they rest and 

refuel on the Refuges
Wildlife Viewing 

Tips

The patient observer will be 

rewarded with many wildlife viewing

opportunities. Every season brings

a new wealth of discoveries. Use the

following tips to observe and enjoy

the varied wildlife found here.

Binoculars and spotting scopes allow

you an up close look that does not

affect wildlife behavior.

Early morning and dusk are the best 

times of the day to view wildlife. 

Note that the Refuge is open from 

dawn to dusk. Closing time is posted 

on the entrance gate. Please plan 

your visit to leave before the gate 

closes.

Field guides are helpful in identifying 

species of plants and animals. A 

wildlife list is available at the 

Steigerwald Lake NWR trailhead 

kiosk and online.

Move slowly. Quick movements and 

loud noises will frighten most wildlife

away. Try sitting quietly in one 

location. Animals that have hidden 

may reappear after a short while. 

Walk quietly and teach children quiet 

observation. Other visitors will 

appreciate your consideration. 

Use Binoculars

Come Early,

Stay Late

Use Identification 

Guides

Be Patient and 

Respectful

Volunteer

Be aware of sounds 

and smells. Often 

you will hear more 

than you will see. 

Look for animal 

signs. Tracks, scat, 

feathers, and chewed 

plants left behind often 

tell interesting stories. 

Remember to leave these 

discoveries where you find 

them. Please be considerate. 

For the protection of wildlife, 

visitors must 

stay on the 

trail. No off 

trail use.

Observe from 

the sidelines

and do not 

approach wildlife

too closely. Don’t offer snacks; your 

lunch could disrupt wild digestive

systems.

Do you want to help restore and 

maintain native habitats, greet 

visitors, take wildlife and habitat 

photographs, or work with school 

groups? If you are interested in 

volunteering or want to learn 

more about the Columbia Gorge 

Refuge Stewards, a Refuge 

Friends group, call the Refuge 

or go to www.RefugeStewards.org.

Use All of Your 

Senses

Tree snags are a 

good place to look 

for wildlife signs

©Dave Olson

Pacific chorus frogs can 

change color quickly 

to blend in with their 

surroundings

©Matt How

Pileated woodpecker

©Roger Windemuth
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Columbia River Gorge

National Wildlife Refuges

35501 SE Evergreen Hwy

Washougal, WA 98671

Telephone: 360/835-8767

Fax: 360/835-9780

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

http://www.fws.gov

For Refuge Information

1 800/344 WILD

http://www.fws.gov/ridgefieldrefuges

Washington State Relay 

TTY 1 800/833-6388

Voice 1 800/833-6384

Telebraille 1 800/833-6385

May 2010

Cover Photo:

American bittern

©Craig Strand Photography

This brochure will be made 

available in other formats 

upon request.

Equal opportunity to participate in and 

benefit from programs and activities 

of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service is 

available to all individuals regardless 

of physical or mental disability. For 

more information please contact the 

U.S. Department of the Interior Office 

of Equal Opportunity, 1849 C Street, 

NW Washington, D.C. 20210.