# Patent

## Title
Grade annunciator

## Abstract

Embodiments provide grade annunciator systems that allow a lumber workpiece traveling in a workflow path to be to be labeled with a projected image that conveys information about the grade, a cut line, and/or the location of a defect in the workpiece. In some embodiments, the system includes a conveyor configured to convey lumber workpieces in a workflow path, and a projector or series of projectors configured to project an image or symbol onto a surface of the workpiece, wherein the image or symbol indicates grade, a cut line, and/or the location of a defect in the workpiece. Other embodiments are methods of labeling a lumber workpiece in a workflow path, the methods includes conveying the lumber workpiece along the workflow path, and projecting an image or symbol onto a surface of the workpiece as it is conveyed along the workflow path.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 61/714,724, filed Oct. 16, 2012, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 61/801,938, filed Mar. 15, 2013, both entitled “GRADE ANNUNCIATOR,” the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.


TECHNICAL FIELD
Embodiments herein relate to the field of lumber processing methods and equipment, and more specifically, to devices and methods for grading and/or tracking, lumber in a lumber processing unit.
BACKGROUND
The production of lumber often involves the use of automated grading systems that use image scanning and processing techniques to identify grade and other characteristics of lumber travelling longitudinally over a conveyor. Once a piece of lumber has been graded, it may be marked with a stamp, ink, or another physical mark to display the grade and sometimes other attributes of each piece of lumber. Typically, this is done by spraying visible colored ink representing various grades onto the lumber.
The lumber is generally transported on lugged or unlugged chains transversely through a mill. Grade printers may be located downstream of a board trimmer to apply a stamp to each board. For example, a lumber grader might call for grade #2-8′ on a near end of a board and grade #3-10′ on a far end of the board. When this happens, a trimmer will cut an eighteen foot board in two pieces at approximately an eight foot position. Once these different grade boards are on different lugs, they may be stamped with the appropriate grade stamps.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a grade annunciator apparatus in accordance with various embodiments;
FIG. 2 illustrates a projected image from a grade annunciator apparatus;
FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of a grade annunciator apparatus;
FIG. 4 illustrates a plan view of the grade annunciator apparatus of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 illustrates an elevational view of the grade annunciator apparatus of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 illustrates a side elevational view of the grade annunciator apparatus of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 illustrates a sectional view of a projector housing taken along lines A-A of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 illustrates a plan view of a transverse portion of a processing line with a grade annunciator apparatus as shown in FIGS. 3-7; and
FIG. 9 illustrates an elevational view of the transverse portion of the processing line shown in FIG. 8, all in accordance with various embodiments.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DISCLOSED EMBODIMENTS
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration embodiments that may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of embodiments is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Various operations may be described as multiple discrete operations in turn, in a manner that may be helpful in understanding embodiments; however, the order of description should not be construed to imply that these operations are order dependent.
The description may use perspective-based descriptions such as up/down, back/front, and top/bottom. Such descriptions are merely used to facilitate the discussion and are not intended to restrict the application of disclosed embodiments.
The terms “coupled” and “connected,” along with their derivatives, may be used. It should be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. Rather, in particular embodiments, “connected” may be used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. “Coupled” may mean that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact. However, “coupled” may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still cooperate or interact with each other.
For the purposes of the description, a phrase in the form “NB” or in the form “A and/or B” means (A), (B), or (A and B). For the purposes of the description, a phrase in the form “at least one of A, B, and C” means (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B and C). For the purposes of the description, a phrase in the form “(A)B” means (B) or (AB) that is, A is an optional element.
The description may use the terms “embodiment” or “embodiments,” which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments. Furthermore, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like, as used with respect to embodiments, are synonymous.
Embodiments herein provide methods, systems, and apparatus for displaying letters, numbers, indicia, and/or images on boards during lumber processing. Various embodiments of the disclosed methods, systems, and apparatus may display lumber grade information and/or other information on boards travelling through a lumber processing unit, for instance as they pass by check graders. In various embodiments, the system may use one or more projectors, for example, one or more projectors mounted above the lumber flow, to project the grade determined by an optimizer, cut marks, or other information directly onto each board as it passes. In some embodiments, the system may track the projection with the board as it passes by check graders, for instance with an overheard vision camera system. In other embodiments, the image may be stationary as the boards pass by. In some embodiments, a series of stationary images may be projected sequentially from a series of projectors, LEDs, or other light sources, and thus may provide what appears to be an image that travels with each board. In one embodiment, an ID reader device operatively coupled to the light sources determines the identity and/or sequence of the boards.
The projected images may include text, symbols, colored boxes, and/or any other type of image. In some embodiments, a first projector may be used to project text and a second projector may be used to project a shape (e.g., a box or a circle) onto a defect on a workpiece.
Although generally very accurate, automatic grading systems may still require quality control checks, for instance, to ensure that the system is highly tuned. Thus, in various embodiments, check graders may need to receive information regarding the grade the optimizer has assigned to a piece so that they may assess it for accuracy, an so that they may make any desired parameter changes. Additionally, the system may be configured to indicate the location of one or more defects in a board, for example on the top or side of a board. Optionally, the system may be configured to indicate a grade-limiting defect by projecting a mark onto the defective area of the workpiece. This may allow an operator to quickly determine whether the assigned grade is correct or should be changed, and/or to check for other defects not indicated by the system. Thus, various embodiments disclosed herein may provide a simple and effective alternative to traditional paint spray systems and complicated lighting systems. In various embodiments, the boards may emerge from the system having not been marked in any way, such that the freshly planed lumber may remain clean and visually appealing.
In various embodiments, projected symbols and/or colors representing the various grades or other criteria may be customized, thus allowing a user to create symbols that match symbols already in use in a given facility. In some embodiments, saw lines, including near end, far end, and cut-in-two may be projected onto the material in their respective locations, making it easy for a user to view trim decisions. In various embodiments, multiple grades may be projected onto the material, for instance in order to display multi-grade cut-in-two decisions.
In various embodiments, the projections resulting from the disclosed methods, processes, and apparatus may be highly accurate, and may allow materials to be tracked on any surface, such as smooth chain or lugged chain. In some embodiments, the disclosed processes, methods, and apparatus may detect skewed material, and may adjust accordingly. In various embodiments, projecting the grades and other indicia onto the materials (e.g., instead of using traditional paint-based methods), may leave the lumber clean and free of marks.
In various embodiments, the information encoded by the projected text, symbols, and images may include one or more cut lines, marketing information, a downstream destination for the workpiece (e.g., a bin number), a safety message, production information, an advertisement, a cartoon, or any other type of still or moving image. In a specific example, the system may project several images onto a workpiece (e.g., dimensions, grade, and bin number).
In still other embodiments, the projector(s) may project the image(s) onto an object other than the workpiece, such as a wall or a conveyor surface (e.g., a high-contrast surface on the side of a conveyor). Alternatively, the projector(s) may project the image(s) onto the top, side, or end of a workpiece. For example, the system may include a plurality of projectors positioned to project images onto the ends of successive boards.
The system may be used to project images onto workpieces upstream or downstream of a trimmer. Alternatively, the system may be used to project images onto workpieces before or after processing by an edger (flitches), a gang (cants), a resaw (vertical/horizontal), a sorter, or a rip/chop saw (e.g., in remanufacturing systems). In addition, the system may be used to project images onto a log, such as rotational information, log grade/classification, and/or cut pattern.
In one example, a workpiece may be marked with a bar code (which may be, e.g., printed in an ultraviolet ink) that identifies the workpiece. In some embodiments, an ultraviolet light source may be positioned above the conveyor, and a camera may be positioned to detect the bar code. The camera may then communicate identifying information about the workpiece to one or more projectors, which may then project an image onto the workpiece based on the identifying information.
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a grade annunciator apparatus 100 in accordance with various embodiments. As illustrated, grade annunciator apparatus 100 may include a frame 102 and one or more projector devices 104 mounted to frame 102. In the illustrated embodiment, two projector devices 104 are shown mounted to a frame 102 portion over a conveyor 106 on which workpieces 108 are being conveyed in a transverse orientation. It is to be understood, however, that in other embodiments the location, number, orientation, and configuration of the projector devices, as well as the orientation of the lumber relative to the frame/conveyor/projectors, may be different than in the illustrated example. In the illustrated example, a cut mark 110 and a plurality of grade indicators 112 are projected onto the work pieces.
FIG. 2 illustrates a projected image from a grade annunciator apparatus. As shown, an elongate bar-shaped image 210 may be projected onto a workpiece 208 to indicate a saw line. Optionally, an alphanumeric character, symbol, or other image 212 may be projected onto the workpiece 208. In some embodiments, a shape (e.g., a square or rectangle) may be projected onto a workpiece to indicate the location of a defect, such a grade-limiting defect.
FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of a grade annunciator apparatus 300. Grade annunciator apparatus 300 may include a frame 302 and one or more projector devices mounted to frame 302. Optionally, an ID reader assembly 316 may be part of, or be coupled to, frame 302. Frame 302 may further include two or more generally vertical supports coupled to a generally horizontal support. The generally horizontal support may be positioned above a transport surface (e.g., generally perpendicular to a direction of flow). The one or more projector devices 304 may be mounted to the horizontal support. Alternatively, the projector device(s) 304 may be mounted to the vertical supports or to another structure, such as a wall, a beam, or a portion of an upstream or downstream component of a workpiece processing line.
FIGS. 4-6 illustrate a plan view (FIG. 4), an elevational view (FIG. 5), and a side elevational view (FIG. 6), respectively, of grade annunciator apparatus 300. Two or more projectors 304 may be positioned on frame 302 such that their fields of projection 314a, 314b meet or overlap across the underlying transport surface. The ID reader 316 may be positioned over the transport surface in order to read an identifier on a workpiece on the transport surface (e.g., a bar code printed in ultraviolet ink on the workpiece). Optionally, one or more lights (e.g., LED, ultraviolet light source, etc.) may be coupled to frame 302, ID reader assembly 316, and/or other structure proximal to the grade annunciator apparatus 300. In some embodiments, an ID printer and/or a second ID reader may be positioned upstream of the grade annunciator apparatus. As shown in FIG. 6, an encoder 318 may be provided downstream of frame 302.
FIG. 7 illustrates a sectional view of a projector housing taken along lines A-A of FIG. 5.
FIGS. 8-9 illustrate a plan view and an elevational view, respectively, of a transverse portion of a processing line that includes a grade annunciator apparatus 800. As illustrated, workpieces may be even-ended by a fence or other board ending device positioned upstream of the grade annunciator apparatus 800. One or more storage/landing tables 820 may also be positioned upstream of the grade annunciator apparatus 800. The workpieces may be conveyed on a lugged transfer through the grade annunciator apparatus 800. Optionally, ID codes printed on the ends of the workpieces may pass below the ID reader 816, which may be in electronic communication with a computer system and the projector devices 804a, 804b. Based on the detected code of the workpiece and workpiece characteristic data associated with that ID code (e.g., scan data from an upstream scanner), the computer system may determine that one or more alphanumeric characters, symbols, shapes, and/or other images should be projected onto that workpiece. The computer system may also identify a target location on the workpiece, such as a location of a significant defect, for projection of an image. The computer system may then control the projector devices, directly or via a controller, to project the selected image(s) onto the workpiece in the desired location(s). One or more human operators may be positioned within view of the projected images in order to confirm or reject the grade decisions and/or other information represented by the projected images.
Although certain embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a wide variety of alternate and/or equivalent embodiments or implementations calculated to achieve the same purposes may be substituted for the embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope. Those with skill in the art will readily appreciate that embodiments may be implemented in a very wide variety of ways. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that embodiments be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.

## Claims

1. A grade annunciator system for displaying information about a lumber workpiece traveling in a first direction along a workflow path on a conveyor, the lumber workpiece being oriented transverse to the first direction on the conveyor, the grade annunciator system comprising:
an optimizer configured to determine, based at least on scan data from a scanner, a grade of the workpiece and a location of a first predicted cut to be made to the workpiece; and
a plurality of first projectors operatively coupled with the optimizer and arranged across the workflow path along a second direction that is transverse to the first direction, such that the fields of projection of the first projectors collectively extend at least across the width of the conveyor, wherein the optimizer is further configured to control a first one of the first projectors to project the grade of the workpiece onto a first portion of the workpiece and to control a second one of the first projectors to project an image of a first cut line onto a second portion of the workpiece at the location of the first predicted cut, while the workpiece is traveling along the workflow path on the conveyor, to thereby indicate the grade and the location of the first predicted cut.

2. The grade annunciator system of claim 1, wherein the optimizer is further configured to control the first one of the first projectors to project an image of a second cut line onto the workpiece at a location of a second predicted cut.

3. The grade annunciator system of claim 2, wherein the first and second ones of the first projectors are positioned on opposite sides of a longitudinal axis of the conveyor that is parallel to the first direction, and the fields of view of the first and second ones of the first projectors meet or overlap along said longitudinal axis.

4. The grade annunciator system of claim 3, further including one or more second projectors located downstream of the first projectors, wherein the first and second projectors are collectively operable to project the image of the first cut line sequentially such that the image of the first cut line appears to move with the workpiece as the workpiece travels along the workflow path on the conveyor.

5. The grade annunciator system of claim 2, wherein the first projectors are operable to project the grade and the images of the cut lines onto the workpiece simultaneously as the workpiece travels along the workflow path.

6. The grade annunciator system of claim 1, further comprising a frame with a generally horizontal member supported above the conveyor and oriented transverse to the first direction, wherein the first projectors are spaced apart along the generally horizontal member.

7. The grade annunciator system of claim 1, wherein the optimizer is further configured to determine the location of a defect of the workpiece, and to control a corresponding one of the first projectors to project an image of a shape, character, or symbol onto or around the location of the defect to thereby indicate the defect.

8. The grade annunciator system of claim 1, wherein the first projectors are collectively operable to project the grade and the image such that the image appears to move with the workpiece as the workpiece travels along the workflow path on the conveyor.

9. The grade annunciator system of claim 1, wherein the first projectors are configured to project the grade and the image such that the projected grade and image remain stationary as the workpiece travels along the workflow path.

10. The grade annunciator system of claim 1, further including an ID reader positioned upstream of the first projectors and operatively coupled to the optimizer, wherein the ID reader is configured to detect an identifier printed on the workpiece and communicate the detected identifier to the optimizer.

11. The grade annunciator system of claim 1, wherein the conveyor comprises a lugless chain.

12. The grade annunciator system of claim 1, wherein the conveyor comprises a lugged chain.

13. A method of labeling a lumber workpiece in a workflow path, the method comprising:
transporting the workpiece in a first direction on a conveyor that extends along the workflow path, wherein the workpiece is oriented transverse to the first direction;
determining a grade of the workpiece and a location of a first predicted cut to be made to the workpiece;
using a first projector to project an image of a first shape, character, or symbol onto a first portion of the workpiece to thereby indicate the grade while the workpiece is transported on the conveyor; and
while projecting the first image onto the first portion of the workpiece, using one or more second projectors to project an image of a cut line onto the workpiece at the location of the predicted cut, wherein the first and second projectors are arranged across the workflow path along a second direction that is transverse to the first direction such that the fields of projection of the first and second projectors collectively extend at least across the width of the conveyor.

14. The method of claim 13, further including using additional projectors downstream of the first and second projectors to project the images onto the workpiece, such that the images appear to move with the workpiece as the workpiece is conveyed along the workflow path.

15. The method of claim 13, further including determining a location of a grade-limiting defect of the workpiece and using one of the projectors to project an image of a second shape, character, or symbol onto the grade-limiting defect of the workpiece.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising determining a location of a second predicted cut to be made to the workpiece and using one of the projectors to project an image of a second cut line onto the surface of the workpiece at the location of the second predicted cut while projecting the grade and the first predicted cut line onto the workpiece.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the grade of the workpiece is a grade of a first portion of the workpiece, the method further including determining a grade of a second portion of the workpiece and using one of said projectors to project a second image of a second shape, character, or symbol onto the workpiece to thereby indicate the grade of the second portion while projecting the grade of the first portion and the first and second cut lines onto the workpiece.

18. The method of claim 16, further including projecting another image onto the workpiece at the location of a defect to thereby indicate the location of the defect while projecting the grade and the first and second cut lines onto the workpiece.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the predicted cuts are on opposite sides of a longitudinal centerline of the conveyor, and the second predicted cut line is projected by the first projector.

20. The method of claim 19, further including using one of the first or second projectors to project another image onto the workpiece at the location of a grade-limiting defect to thereby indicate the location of the defect while projecting the grade and the representations of the predicted cut lines.