NBS

Publications

Reference

Allies TA377M

NBSIR 84- 2847 (^-€)

National Bureau of Standards

Response to the 1982 National

Measurement Requirements

Survey of the NCSL National

Measurement Requirements

Committee

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Measurement Laboratory

Office of Physical Measurement Services

Washington, DC 20234

March 1984

Prepared for U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

100

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NBSIR 84-2847

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

RESPONSE TO THE 1982 NATIONAL

MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS

SURVEY OF THE NCSL NATIONAL

MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS

COMMITTEE

B. C. Belanger

R. K. Kirby

J. D. Simmons

U S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Measurement Laboratory

Office of Physical Measurement Services

Washington, DC 20234

March 1 984

Prepared for U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director
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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS RESPONSE

TO THE

1982 NATIONAL MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS SURVEY

OF THE

NATIONAL MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS COMMITTEE

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES

Edited by:

B. C. Belanger

R. K. Kirby

J. D. Simmons

Issued March, 1984

CONTENTS

Page

Response to Section 2B

do and Low Frequency Measurement Requirements ^4

Response to Section 2C

rf and Microwave Measurement Requirements 13

Response to Section 2D

Electro-optics Measurement Requirements 22

Response to Section 2E

Temperature, Pressure, and Related Measurement Services . 29

Response to Section 2F

Physical/Mechanical Measurement Requirements 38

Educational Seminars and Workshops 41
NBS RESPONSE TO THE

1982 NCSL NATIONAL MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS SURVEY

INTRODUCTION

This report constitutes the response of the Nntionnl Bureau of Standards

(NBS) to the 1982 National Measurement Requirements Survey epor pu

th^NCsI' National Measurement Requirements Committee in May 1983.

Information of the kind contained in Che Survey Report is

f ^ in pvaluatine the effectiveness of ongoxng programs and for

useful to NBS in evaluating tn

particularly important to NBS because

ff^rht"!arre“nL^rr^r£“':rganfzaSrth:t'’have responded and hecanse of the

detailed technical -^uirements ide^ified in^the^report--qnan^^

measured, ranges, and ac^acies. mSg effort in collecting,

fnr^Srn:: ruTtS^L^Z thrmaferifl^nd to the NCSB memhers (and nonmembers) who took the time to respond to the questionnaire .

The NCSL NMRC Report aL^othe^userr

laboratory community. NBS and the NMR

^ communicated to the

of NBS measurement services whose requirements may not be

standards laboratories that participated in this survey^

in’ thf

views of many ^ ^ represented. Also, requirements from

medical and health field are n

. i j j r«V>vi mis reasons. In spite

ment seirvices currently available.

...Id ........

NBS recognizes the difficulty ot aeveiop

g to collect such data. In

anecdotal material and encourages con in aware of measurement

addition, in the continuing effort of NCSL

l list from each

requirements an attempt should be made to Provide a need,

of the NMRC subcommittees that is ordered according to their percei

The needs for expanded NBS services NBS

resources available to NBS for respon ° -ggources are allocated to those

„,ust set priorities carefully to ensure ^hat resources are all^^^^

measurement areas that are current y mos closed while other

needs change as technology c anges

, times that are typically

new services are started. Because of

cost of research and

required to develop new calibration °^w services cannot

development in new measurement areas, eci

Measurement Requirements

^s:rrerR“^^::rd::\i:t“firi:porJ^^^ fn^rmation for project Jnstification and priority decisions.

The subcommittees involved in the

^“rn;" r:s;:Lible

generally worked closely with the corresponding technical groups p

2
for NBS calibration services. In some cases information concerning the

current status of NBS services and future plans was incorporated directly into

the Survey Report. In such cases, this document includes only material deemed

necessary to clarify or expand on the information in the NMRC Report or to cover those requirements for which NBS' current status and plans were not

addressed. The format for the presentation of the material in the NMRC Report

also varies from section to section. Each section in this report is labeled

to correspond with the relevant section in the NMRC Report.

Some respondents to the NCSL questionnaire indicated that they were not aware of existing NBS services. NBS Special Publication 250, "Calibration and

Related Measurement Services of the National Bureau of Standards" describes

NBS' services and is updated every two years. The next edition of SP 250 will

be issued in late 1984. An Appendix to SP 250 giving current prices and

recent changes in services is published every 6 months. These publications

are provided to anyone interested in using NBS services. Persons not already

on the mailing list who wish to receive these publications should contact:

Office of Physical Measurement Services

Physics Bldg., Room B362

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

(301) 921-2805

For certain types of measurements, NBS Standard Reference Materials are a more convenient method of obtaining traceability to NBS. For information on Standard Reference Materials contact:

Office of Standard Reference Materials

Chemistry Bldg., Room B311

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

(301) 921-2045

In some cases, services that are not listed explicitly in SP 250 can be

performed by NBS on a special test basis. Before concluding that NBS does not

provide a particular service, the Office of Physical Measurement Services or appropriate NBS line managers should be contacted to see whether or not a special test can be arranged.

3
RESPONSE TO SECTION 2B

DC AND LOW FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS

INTRODUCTION

The responsibility for providing calibration services and for carrying

out research and development in dc/lf electrical measurements falls within two

different Centers at NBS . The Electricity Division of the Center for Basic

Standards (CBS) is responsible for dc voltage, impedance, ac-dc difference and

resistance, whereas the Electrosystems Division of the Center for Electronics

and Electrical Engineering (CEEE) is responsible for phase angle, power and

energy measurements, and high voltage measurements.

Since the termination of the magnetic calibration services at NBS several

years ago, no NBS group has carried out work in this area directed towards

calibration services. The CEEE, however, has been surveying the field to

determine whether there is sufficient justification for establishing a new magnetic measurements program at NBS. The Electricity Division also has

expertise in magnetic measurements and is following this survey with interest,

jf the survey results and other considerations support a decision to

reestablish magnetic measurement services, NBS will be in a position to draw

on expertise in both centers (see Section on Magnetic Field Strength below)

.

The NCSL NMRC Report describes the general state of affairs in the

metrology community and the needs expressed in it represent a wide range of

opportunities for future NBS activity. In some cases, however, the accuracy

requirements indicated in the NCSL Report are more stringent than those

identified to NBS previously; e.g., the requirement for phase angle

uncertainty in the NCSL Report is ±0.001 degree, other inputs had indicated an uncertainty requirement no better than ±0.005 degree. Also, NBS has received

requests for dc/lf measurement services through other channels in addition to

those indicated by the respondents to the NCSL Survey.

GENERAL COMMENTS ON NBS PRIORITIES AND PLANS

NBS Contact: Norman B. Belecki (301) 921-2715

The highest priorities in this area are to continue to maintain services

related to fundamental standards with the highest level of quality; to reduce

turnaround time in those services where there is room for improvement; to

reinstate previously curtailed services in the resistance area; and to document

the technology and procedures used to deliver existing services. The second

priorities are to expand existing services and to initiate new services as indicated in this study and by the various members of the metrology community.

These include:

a) Developing a calibration capability for capacitance dissipation

factor;

b) Extending the ranges of measurement and applied frequency for the

impedance calibration services;

c) Providing a calibration service for ac resistors at frequencies up

to 100 kHz;

4
d) Developing a MAP procedure for alternating voltage and current

measurements; and

e) Developing a MAP for dc voltage sources at the lOV level.

At present resource levels, services in these latter areas will not be

available for several years.

NBS has increased the staff in this dc/lf area by two professionals and

one technician. The first assignment of the professionals will ho automa e

the calibration of thermal current and voltage converters. This ef for is

expected to reduce the backlog of work in this key area and to allow some improvement in our measurement uncertainties. The second assignment of the

professionals will be in the impedance area.

The new technician should allow the restoration of services for odddecade value resistance standards. Calibration of resistors at the teraohiii

level and higher is also expected to be resumed when an automated capacitive

discharge system for making the measurements is completed. Several publications

covering measurement techniques in the voltage and resistance areas will be

prepared.

NBS also assigns a high priority to maintaining reference standards and

providing calibration services for electrical power, energy, and phase angle.

In the Power/Energy area, existing services will be upgraded

accuracy and the range of quantities that are currently measured. The calibra

tion service for phase angle, now provided on a special test basis up to

kHz, is expected to become a regularly-offered calibracion service for

frequencies up to 50 kHz. Work is underway with existing funding to

accomplish this upgrade. These plans will permit NBS to address the principal

needs indicated in the NCSL survey in a time span of about 3-5 years. Without

additional funding, however, all of the needs indicated in the NCSL survey

cannot be fully met; e.g., phase angle uncertainty within ±0.001 degree. As our plans are responsive to the needs of the users, no major modifications ot

these plans are necessary, only the funding to carry them out in a timely

fashion.

5
DC

VOLTAGE

MEASUREMENT

NBS

Contact:

Norman

B.

Belecki

(301)

921-2715 o 3

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AC/LF

VOLTAGE

MEASUREMENT

NBS

Contact:

Norman

B.

Belecki

(301)

921-2715

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RESISTANCE

MEASUREMENT

NBS

Contact:

Norman

B.

Belecki

(301)

921-2715

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CAPACITANCE

MEASUREMENT

NBS

Contact:

Norman

B.

Belecki

(301)

921-2715

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MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH

NBS Contact: Frederick R. Fickett (303) 497-3785

The information presented in the Report regarding calibration needs in

the area of magnetics is consistent with information we have gathered in a preliminary assessment of the field. Prior to the survey on magnetics service,

NBS had identified a relatively small number of organizations in need of this

type of magnetic calibration service. However, our investigation has shown

that need for the service is likely to increase significantly in the near

future as pointed out in the Report. This is due in large part to the increased

use of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in medicine and to the introduction

into commerce of new magnetic materials such as soft amorphous magnetic alloys

and the NdFe hard ferromagnets

.

It should be pointed out that there are magnetic measurement areas not

addressed by the NCSL survey, such as magnetic recording media and other

computer-related fields, that are quite active and in which we have found a significant interest in standards and calibration.

The extent of the need and/or desire of industry and other government

agencies for a magnetics service by NBS has been assessed in part by CEEE

through numerous contacts with representatives of industry and of the industrial standards-setting organizations. Results are being analyzed from an extensive survey questionnaire mailed to about 2,000 individuals, including

members of the IEEE Magnetics Society, ASTM Committee A-6 on Magnetic Properties,

and the Magnetic Materials Producers Association. The results of this survey,

in conjunction with other input and financial considerations, will determine

the future direction of our magnetics work. NBS cannot operate a viable

calibration facility unless it is based on a strong state-of-the-art research

program in the field. Thus, our first priority is to determine if sufficient

interest exists to support creation of a magnetics program which would involve

basic research and development of magnetic metrology as well as the creation

of additional Standard Reference Materials and, possibly, calibration

services.

At the present time CEEE has a capability for making nearly all conven- tional magnetic measurements in the Electromagnetic Technology Division in

Boulder. Operating equipment includes: fluxmeters and gaussmeters of various

sorts that can measure flux densities from less than a microtesla to greater

than ten tesla (field strengths from 0.8 to 8,000,000 A/m); vibrating sample,

ac induction and cryogenic (SQUID) magnetometers for measurement of susceptibility and permeability over the temperature range from 4 K to room temperature; and superconducting and normal magnetic systems with fields to 9.5 MA/m.

None of these systems are now configured or calibrated for true standards

work.

The Electricity Division of CBS has the expertise and some of the required

apparatus to carry out magnetic field strength calibrations with the highest

possible accuracies achievable, especially at low field levels, but there is no plan at this time to reinstate a calibration service.

10
DC AND PULSE CURRENT MEASUREMENT

NBS Contact: Robert E. Hebner, Jr. (301) 921-3121

Current transformers in the power frequency range are calibrated by the

Electrosystems Division on a routine basis. Calibration of ac shunts at power

and audio frequencies is performed on a special-test basis in the range of 1 to 100 mf).

Funding has been obtained to develop a capability to evaluate shunts and

current transformers used to measure welding currents. This application

requires the measurement of current pulses with amplitudes up to 100 kA and

durations of tens to hundreds of milliseconds. Development of a bridge for

calibrating shunts down to 0.1 itiQ and up to frequencies of 100 kHz is progressing slowly with the present funding level.

Long range plans include support of dc current measurements from 5 to

2000 A as a step toward developing support for dc revenue metering in high

voltage dc systems.

POWER AND ENERGY MEASUREMENT

NBS Contact: Robert E. Hebner, Jr. (301) 921-3121

NBS* present capabilities for power and energy calibration are restricted

to power frequencies, 50 to 400 Hz, with a routine uncertainty of ±0.05%.

Under special conditions, we are able to achieve uncertainties in the range

±0.01 to ±0.02%. These capabilities are for unity and 0.5 power factor, but

no measurements at zero power factor and no VAR's.

At the present time we meet most (but not all) of the calibration requirements of our clients. Present plans are to gradually upgrade this facility

during the next 5 years.

The goal is to develop a largely automated facility having the following

characteristics

:

Frequency : 40 Hz to 10 kHz Waveforms : sinusoidal and

distorted

Voltage : 10 to 240 V Quantities

:

power, energy, VAR,

power factor, voltage,

and current

Current : 10 mA to 10 A Accuracy ±0.01% to ±0.05%

routine, ±50 ppm special

Power Factor: all, zero to

unity, positive

and negative

PHASE ANGLE MEASUREMENT

NBS Contact: Barry A. Bell (301) 921-2727

Phase angle calibration up to 5 kHz is presently provided on a trial

basis as a special test. After experience is gained and documentation completed,

11
it is intended to offer this as a regular calibration service. RSdD is underway

on the higher frequency standard that will permit the extension of this

service to 50 kHz. This high frequency capability (scheduled to be available

on a trial basis by early 1986) is clearly important to support the calibration

of Automated Test Equipment (ATE)

.

The capabilities that we are working toward are:

o Frequency: 10 Hz to 50 kHz

o Source-type standard (2 channel)

o Both channels voltages, balanced or unbalanced; or one channel

voltage, the other current

o Sinusoidal signals and those with moderate distortion

o Accuracy: ±0.005 degree (best, at low frequencies, balanced signals),

±0.02 degree (at high frequencies)

OTHER DC AND LF MEASUREMENT AREAS

FIELDS

NBS Contact: Robert E. Hebner, Jr. (301) 921-3121

Special measurement services for electric and magnetic fields at dc and

power frequencies are available as a result of work funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. These services should be particularly helpful to organizations

involved in environmental and health-related investigations. For the measure- ment of relatively low field strengths, the strategy has been to maintain NBS

traceability in the measurement of voltage and current (from which field

strengths are derived) , and to provide guidance in the construction of the

test systems used to calibrate field meters. This approach is summarized in

IEEE Standard 644-1979 "IEEE Recommended Practices for the Measurement of

Electric and Magnetic Fields from AC Power Lines."

D/A AND A/D CONVERTERS

NBS Contact: Barry A. Bell (301) 921-2727

A calibration facility is available at NBS for high resolution data

converters (12 bits and more). Calibration for static parameters is offered

as an existing service; calibration for dynamic parameters is performed on a special test basis. The facility can also be adapted for calibrating certain

parameters of DVM's (e.g., their linearity) but additional development funds are required for NBS to establish a regularly offered service.

12
RESPONSE TO SECTION 2C

RE AND MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS

Section 2C of the NCSL Report contains a considerable amount of information

concerning NBS' currently-offered services and our future plans. Accordingly,

this section of this report does not attempt to duplicate that information.

Rather, it elaborates on NBS' plans for the measurement requirements identified

in the survey report and explains current constraints in more detail.

GENERAL RE AND MICROWAVE METROLOGY

NBS Contact: Cletus A. Hoer (303) 497-3705

The effort to develop and implement automated six-port measurement

methods to the point that they can be used to provide NBS measurement services

is nearing completion. New management for the Microwave Metrology Group is

thus developing plans for the microwave metrology program for the next 5 years

with a real opportunity to take up new work. In doing so, our chief sources

of guidance are information from the NCSL Measurement Requirements Study,

together with comments from our customers and sponsors and other interactions,

for example information from the Workshop on Euture Needs in Microwave Metrology

that we organized at the 1983 lEEE-MTT Symposium in Boston. After some follow-up with the people who proposed new efforts, in order to set priorities,

we will have an unusual opportunity to be responsive.

The tasks of immediate urgency are to complete the evaluation of uncertainty, provision for quality control, and the documentation of the 6-port systems

and to bring them on line to replace obsolete calibration systems. We must

also provide calibration services for attenuation at 1.25 MHz and for standards

with 3.5 mm connectors. We need to complete the documentation of some of the

older calibration systems that will remain in service.

Upon completion of these tasks, we will turn our attention to providing

more complete calibration coverage of the frequency bands up to 100 GHz

(especially filling the gap that presently exists between 40 and 55 GHz) . The

timing of requirements above 100 GHz remains nebulous, so our response to

those may be given lower priority.

It is clear that calibration of microwave power is needed over a wider

dynamic range and with greater accuracy that at present. We intend to respond

to this need.

Einally, two general areas to which we will turn our attention are techniques for making measurements of microwave and millimeter-wave integrated

circuits on-chip, and the calibration of automated test and measurement

systems

.

The dates for new services given under the plans and comments column are provided for guidance and are to be taken as our present best estimates of

when services will become available. In some cases a service will be offered

on an experimental basis at first, to test both the mechanics of providing it

and customer response. Rough estimates of the cost of developing a service

are provided for some services for which funding is uncertain to provide some feeling for the support required. Priorities can be shifted, or projects can be accelerated, if the need is great enough for other government agencies to

provide additional funding.

13
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Contact:

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(301)

497-3705

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14
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Contact:

Cletus

A.

Hoer

(303)

497-3705

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15
IMPEDANCE/ADMITTANCE

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Contact:

Cletus

A.

Hoer

(303)

497-3705

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16
VOLTAGE

MEASUREMENT

NBS

Contact:

Cletus

A.

Hoer

(303)

497-3705

Normal

B.

Belecki

(301)

921-2715

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17
PHASE

NOISE

MEASUREMENT

NBS

Contact:

Cletus

A.

Hoer

(303)

497-3705

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18
PULSE

TRANSITION

DURATION

MEASUREMENT

NBS

Contact:

Robert

A.

Lawton

(303)

497-3339

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d > N >* CO V4 CO d CO a a X •a O >4-1 K u •3 x: Vl u >* 3 a a o d •a a 3 h O CO d o d d a 3 CO o * •H a d 3 a •a d A m VI 4-1 CO a X d CO 1 a d CO a d a d S u CO m 3 •r4 d a a a r- X 3 o d •a CO X d » TS o^ u a CO o d a 04 3 a a a 3 a X >4 o d • u *H d 3 d a o d d CO •a CO X CO a

tz CO fO CO l-J •H CO CO

a

dd

— •H

a

d

a

X •a

/—4 d

d

a o CO

a

d

X

a

d

COu

X

a CO CO 3 o d d a CO d CO X d d p

CO

X

d CO

a

d o X o g

a

aa

a

d

a

H •a •a

d COd

X

X

a

a CO

aa 3 a

a CO

d o d d a o a •a a • d a

<u 4-1

a 00

d CO 3 a S >4

a

X 4-) oa a 3 a X 3 O' < w a d CO

eo

d

m -o •Hd

d

a

dd •a

a •a

4J 00 Z a •H 00 <0

a

X

dd

a

CO

d

a COd

a * d 3 •ad 1 CO o . r4 • o CJ d CO d >4 •a p a

Vi o CO

—

H CO

d •p4

a

X

a CO

g 3

M-l +1 r4

X

Xa

a

aa o CO o da

1—4 >»

X 1 • ud CO 3 Xd

u CO

a o u pi o CO o 55 X CO d X o d a o

(0

d 4-4Oa 00 3 aa

uu

a

X

d

w

U < s CO

a COa

r CO

d •a CO

X 4-i 3 1—4 d a a d 3 3 u •a a d 3 O cy • 

• •4 CO a o o •r4 d d 1 d o CO d N o CO X < a d. a a CO o — a d •a d Vi X +1 d CO d a CO X a d X a O

C4-I

a

d

d § X

X

u

a

d CO CO > CO CO

a

d •H

ud o addd

a

d

4J * —

m

u 1—4

X

d

aa 3 a

a o d

<0 CO • CO 4J

HX

d 3 >4

a o CO

l-l

d Vid C3 • * a CO CO

d

a

X

aa CO

(Uu CM 3 o —

X

a

a

a CO CO

u

X

a VI o *1-1 CO [ij

ud o dd

u •a

d

dd

a 3 O

u CO Vl

a CO r-H

a

d

X

u

d

a > >4

0) o 4J CO CO o . a

a •H

a V3

d > d •a

X

4-> CO *H 4-1 ID CO

d CO

d

OXX •a CO o N a CJ o 5 3 a a X CO a d d pH

dd s OQ COd CO

Q CJ

O 3 3 X o o

CO CO T3

dd 1 X

X CO 3 aX

a

•H •H CO

du

X CO

a CO

dd

d CO

a

O o o O Vl o a

a

Xdd

d

X

aa

dd z d 1—4 CM 4-1 u < a X a a d a CO o a S

20

address

the

requirements

of

the

Federal

Communications

Commission

(especially

computer

emissions)

and

the

Food

and

Drug

Administration.
c

OJo

CJT3c

njC

<0

(X,

OJ OJ c c O o

ss 2

4J 4-1 4J n CO

(U 01 •H 4J 4J jaw rH rH

Oh (0

«J *H U U U

(UO

CO Oh Oh

pa (0 CO u CO

CO 0

OJ (U (U rr u . rH . fO

.o 0) hO 0 rH 3 <0 u CO u CO u rH •iH rH •rl 1 > •fH >

flj

u <0

u o^ > OJ > <u >3' < CO < CO rr, inons—/

.m. )H >> • e o o U rH (U ^ m • rH 0 « 00 < rH CO rH

OJ CJ c 3.

g •H

a 3 -H (0 (U

A s > O’ 4J o o 00 o o (U U o c • .o IH 01 "O vO CO o cya

£0 Hh > rHU

m

H 4J (U o Z . 0 pa • 'rl 4J >» +J

OJ T3 P3N C4H o CO s e "O 5 1 o 0 Ed CO

(U o 0 o (U rH Oh o

CM

O 3 rH rH

•H +1

O Oh CT o Cfl

U 3 o O o C4H 0 CJ < CO CT 4-» >» o o u X

a <L) (J rH 0 4h s u

=) OS JS o o Xi Ed c 4J u o 4-) . M H >4

•H 00 3 4J ca OO .. 4J c U o c . r 1—(

4J c <u u o •H cu +1 N C/a u o u o fO 4-t IH z CO u 4J BJ 4J >» Ed 4J

(0 • 0>>

N CO

u

Q 0

0) s •• •H CO

O 0

'V dJ iH TJ IH o OS CJ Xi > 00 O rH 3 cs

nj 0) 3.

C rH 4J

u 5 c/a •H o o •rH u o o CP

'w' rH Sj Oh CO 4J Oh Z

CO •o OJ OJ U rH 1 1 4-e OJ -H • l-H CO C/3 OJ < d > N •H a 4j u d X 3 3 ca rH *fH to OJ o d u (U CO 3 4J . •rl CO "G OJ u E O O' d N XS o OJ 3 o lU O Oi CO K 4-e 4-e r-H rM o

Eh rHd 4J

a

d rM

a

)H 3 CO 4-e OJ OJ CO CO o CO H3 ta 00 OJ E > 4J 4-e •G

CM CO

C OJ o rH OJ OJ o d CO

G

(U CO *|H 4J E d xa OJ

d CO CO E Cm HH 3 CO £ •H c r 'H "G o O CO £ N M 5h OJ 4-> OJ 4-E CO >. O OO X

OJ 4-» 4J

G 4J

M OJ

X

UGa

CJ *H CO OJ CJ •M OJ E •H •H a CO 4J OJ E rM o OJ 00 o c CO -H a •rH xa X •M d xa rM

CJ cu

X rH CO CO xa CO "O HH 4) OJ xa CO

d o

rH Xid OJ 4-1

a CO o X

cu

d CO 4-1 OJ OJ xa CO

d •M c CU d d a CO u CO 4J OJ s OJ 4h CO a rM OJ rM CO 00

CM o TD

O 3 rH

N >>

a 4Jd o a OJ CO •rl •M u d CO CM 4-> OJ d 3 d d OJ d

OJ CO CO

u CO 00 OJ £ > 4J >> o •rl cya o 3 3 ’G

'H CJ ja S > CO pa CJ CT

d

G

4J 0)

d CO Z OJ OJ 4-e OJ CO a T3 o OJ x: d d CO 4J u X OJ 4J CO 4-J Hh d X

'H 0>

u E CO cya HH OJ •V d ’O OJ CO xs pa CO 0 cn o d CO d X s •H « CM O OJ 00 00 z G ajd O >, r d

OJ OJ CO

H

d rM S •H

u OJ

a OJ CO >

CO . •Od

X

d • CO o c c • l-H •M 00 d X! 4-e 4J o CO O >» s rH 0 OJ 4J 3 *tH 4J d Ed d d .d d •H M n

ja 4J ’G o 3 a 00O E • CO OJ >. 00 cya •M 4J •H u o

•iH

X 4J OJ EEQ CO l-H xa •M xa '

0) T3 CO -iH 4-) Z •rl S d CO :3 E a CO •H rH CO Ed d 0 a E 0

Eh rH 'iH

u OJ 4J OJ E CO

d

d j3 xa xa •M CO > u

O

a

O

U CO CO

r 4J 4J OJ ’G l-H 0 •iH 4-E a 4J • -• «M d cya OJ 4J CO CO CO d N "G CO pa o 00

(U CU OJ

u OJ

O

X >+H

G cO z 4J

d

Eh 3 4J HH CJ o CO CO CO

CO CEO OJ OJ xa 4-E rH

d

COd x: rH OJ in OJ

N

d . 4J E CO 4-E CO o • d X d OJ o

CO 0 •iH CO vO 3 a o d

u

X Eh CO PO

u rH PH 4J •M

d

d

4J 4J

d

d OJ

a 3 o X 3 .. OJ

U 0 -H

a mE Hh o CO

U OJ 3

CO CU •H

a CO

d CO rH •M 00 O’

4J rM 4-> o *

•iH OJ "G

d OJ 0 OJ CO rH OJ X o CO CO d

01 rH OJ OJ CO

U 4-e 4-e

d PS

a E o d > X d •H

OJ 4J 00 OJ 4-J CO > o — ’G

Eh OJ ’G • rH

d 4J CO OJ

•r4 4J

d

d vr

a OJ OJ > 3 u CO •rH 00 CO 00 •M o

O' OJ CO -H CJ^ >4

d

U

d

(U

a CO CO rH xa CO •Mda Eh CO E OJ ME X OJ E E

OJ 4J CO

u HH ’G CO

O 3 •H o

CO Eh

d

d •rl o OJ OJ o O' 0 d

(U CO 00 > d 3 rH OJ

d 4-e Hh

•w X! 4J

O

d TJ OJ o’

d CO CM 4J d d OJ d > OJ d Hh CN OJ

•iH •hH o a CO OJ o d hH

d 00

4J

a

u

d

O o d s E H4 4-e OJ 4-e OJ Hh CO OJ J3 •H s d X OJ d • X 4J E d

T3 4J Ed OJ 4J 00 OJ CO 00 CO

d o

•iH rH E d •Gd •H •H OJ

d

CO rH cya OJ 4-e CO

d CO xa E Hh CJ 4J 01 00 pa d CO d O OJ TJ OJ d

Eh x:

d z 3 a >» 4J OJ

d OJ OJ

O •iH CO OJ >4 CO CO OJ •M 00 3 a T3 CO 0) CO rH u OJ OJ d 3 d O'

cu

G CO jd OJ xa

G Eh > T3 O’ CO OJ on CO OJ H E CO OJ •M OJ u OJ d d d rH 3 CJ Hh d •M X a a >H U x; •iH O’ pc •M Hh Ed as 4J d • 00 CO OJ 2 o 3 •M U 2 01 •H CO 3 > d Z 4J O' o •rH . CM d o CO Hh OJ OJ CO M

CO OJ

d

d OJ OJd

a

d E

(U CO E OJ

X 00 OJd OJ CO OJ

u

x: o i 4JdXO

d OJ •o \ H rH u d •iH X xa < 13

CO OJ

d CO E 4J 4-e

d E C xa OJ 4-1 o CO rH OJ o > d CJ (0 d 3 O

•r4 0 o OJ OJ OJ

O •H o o

4J 4-e 00 E xa rH Hh 3 a

—

21

Accuracy

±0.5

dB. 2

GHz.

density

levels

greater

than

100

mW/cm

with

accuracy

of

better

than

±1

dB

by

end

of

1984.

Error

evaluation

will

not

be

complete

until

end

that

time.
RESPONSE TO SECTION 2D

ELECTRO-OPTICS MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS

The usefulness of the study is somewhat compromised by the small number

of responses to the electro-optics portion of the survey. Dr. Richard Miller,

Chairman of the Electro-Optics Subcommittee has indicated his plans for a program to reach the electro-optics community and provide additional input.

When these additional data are available, the report should be very valuable

to future planning for optical electronic metrology.

NBS recognizes that many of the needs in this technical area are classified or proprietary. In addition to the information presented in this

NCSL Report, NBS does receive through other channels information that is used

in establishing priorities. An important segment of the electro-optics

community is represented by the Council on Optical Radiation Measurements

(CORM) . NBS works very closely with CORM, and CORM periodically publishes

survey reports on measurement requirements. In Section 2D of the NCSL Report,

the most recent CORM is summarized.

22
LA

SER

AND

OPTICAL

FIBER

MEASUREMENT

NBS

Contact:

Aaron

A.

Sanders

(303)

497-5341

4Jc 04 3

(U

X 1 4J 3 E o s 3 3 3 P 3 1 (U 3 4-4 3 04 o 04 0 •H 3 • w «3 3 W 3 <4-4 •4^ >^ 00 •H 04 U 0 p 3 U 04 3 3 4J pH 3 p 3 u • 00 U 0 P 04

(/] l-i x: CO 3 04 3 04 4-4 • 4-4 3 3 04 0 IXS 3 P a •H

nj CO

W

u E 4J 4.4 00 3 4.4 3 p CO

p 3 •H 0 P P

(U 3 3 x: 3 O CO 3 s-4 01 3 3 3 CO

p

a 04

a

s:

OU 00 4J 04 CO pH 04 S^ 0 04 04 04 0 3 • E a

•H 3 N—/

Cu 04 0 3 s-4 CJ CO E Sh P rj 3 • p

X 0 3

4-) •H

O 04 Cl CO 04 3 S-4 04aX >. •H

p P CO . «3 . 01 CO f—4 U w XI CJ CO 0 rH E CO 3 0 04 P < ^H CO

cn

X XI 4J 01

W o 3 04 •4^ 4-4 Ck 0 P P P P 3 3 3 p E .3 •r4 4-4 > o C14 CO 04 CJ E u 3 •H X •H 04 CJ 3

B3 •H •3 CO 3 04 |j<4 3 4—

H 3 S 04 •r4 04 3 X 3 3 • X •H

OJ f-4 3 •r4 3 3 S4 3 3 3 04 £ > • P P w P U

.3 <0 04 0 u •4-4

a S4 04 04

X £ 3 0 •H P • p 0 P o 3 T3 r-H S.4 •4-4 < 3 . 00 3 X 0 3 04 X 3 P 04

W 3 wH 04 < 0 0 in 0 H 3 0 E p > U CJ £

(U f-4 < 3 4J •4X 00 s-l

a 4H 3 0 3 3 0 •H 04 £ U 3 3 04 01 S4 00 04 0 3 3 W 3 p 00 P 0

•H

O 3 in E x: 3 3 00 4-^ pH • 0 3 00 04 3 0 X

U

rH

O in 3 •H 4J $ •H 3 CO 04 3 u 3 0 00 P P 3 p 3

04 CM 4J 4-4 S4 01 00 •H > 3 Sh 3 3 3 04 0 ^H 3

3l. CO 3 o o 2 S-4 3 x: 04 0 04 COa 3 3 P •H •H •p< o CO 3 0 4—4 4J 0 Cl •4^ 4-4 3 U H 3 P 3 0 P 3 <0 E o w J3 3 - 3 0 S-4 04 3 3 p 3 P a 3 > 0

>,

w •H 04 3 U 3 S-4 3 3 4-4 0 CO 3 pH CO 04 P aX 3 P

00 04 4-4 14-4 04 04 3 3 •P 0 04

a 04X CO 3^ 3 P w 33 05 CO O 03 W 4J CO XI CJ X P P m CO P 3

<u 4^

U 3 4-4 03

w 3 •4.4 s-l 01 3 •rH 0 P 0 0 04

a 0 •1^ 3 04 04 3 01 4—4 0s 04a CO P 3 04

p CO •H CO

<u 1—4

W 04 04 <4-4 CJ 04 4X X5 CO 3 3 •H P 3 04 3 P 3

•3

X 4-4 CO JS CO S-4 01 3 04 CO 04 04 •H CO

U 3 3 X

w 3 3 3 H 3 >> S-4 s 4—4U s-l 3 E CJ •J- 3 -d- •H 04 P u

01 « 3 <C 3 00 3 0 •4-4 •4-4 3 0 •rH 04 00 3 X > P 3 p 3 S-4 W 0 C4 s-4 3 > &I P a o^ P o^ 04 3 04 3 o CO rH o • 4J 4—4 u > s-4 p CO p H p c X s a

a> )-l 3 * <4-4 0 04 •4^ 3 04 00 3 CO

04 •H CO CO CO

w S-4 E CO 3 0 •H

4J CO

U 4J

u 3 4J 3 04 •4-4

X

X

j3 <0 04 4J 00 04 04m XI •iJ 04 3 H

U f—4 3 3 o\ CO s 04 f—1 3 X2

O) 3 1—4 3 4—4 04 P

00 <4-1 4—4 CO 3 0 r—4 E >i 0 • 3 o w o w 4J 3 4.4 •f-4 04 rH •H oa o 3 W •IJ 3 • 3 Sj P CO 3 p W CO !Z m 04 04 3 E £ 3 3 p 3 •H 3 04 4J s 04 04 5 3 CO 04 3 3 p

(0 04 4.4 04 o U •4-4 S4 3 CO 04 •H

to s .3 3 S-4 E 1-^ 3 CO 0 3 04 04 E CO

X

<u 4-1 4-4O 3 o •H 3 0 3 E Sj 04 Sh 3 E X4 3 w 3 CO 3 O4 Sh 3 a 3 3 3 3 u •4-4 3 3 3 04 3 w 0 'r4 01 •4-4 O 3 CO 4-4 4J 3 CO CO >> u o P CO E O <X •4^ 0 (0 3 •4-4 3

(4-1 £ "3 •H 3 CM x: 04 rH CO O 04 U X) 04 •4J rH CO CO E E 3 PQ

4-)

u CO CO o O C4 •iH 3 3 Sh SZ

Ui •H S-l 00 • 4J 3 > X3 S-l

w 04 04 •H 04 4-4 04 3 l-H 4=4 •4.4 u 4.4 3 00 CO > P X W W 4J •4-4 CO CO • 4H 04 3 0 4P 04 3

04

O 04 04 S4

w 4J 0 3 •4J S 3 u 3 CO 04 04 04 E > £ 3 o 3 w 3 0 3 04 a Sh P pH

>» 3 O 3 <4-4 01 04 CO •r4

u 4.4 CO Sh

X 3 X 04 3 u E < <4.4 CO j: Sh •H 3 3 04 3

4.) Si

u 04 3 01 3 4—4

u 04

U P P p c 4J 4-4 •H 04 u 04 04 3 CO 04 Sj CO 3 •H •H •H

0) o £ XN 3 x: E S4 4.4 4—4 3 3 Sh 3 £ 3 u W 3 3 •4-4 CO 4J 04 •4-4 3 •r4 04 4H 3 > •H > w o 4—4 s-l 3 S^ CJ 04 <4-4 CO 3 < X < 3 <4-4 CO • •4H 04 04 >» 3 04 E 0 04 Sh 3 o 4J O 3 4-4 E XI CO a 04 S-4 U 0 3 3 3 1—4 > U 3 CO U O4 P P

CO 0) 04 3 3 3 04 3 < CO

0) 3. £ 4-4 S^u 04 E 04 CO E CO . u O 04 3 04 3 3 X3 3 3 3 CO 04 •H f—( W XI X CO •4H 04 .4-4 04 04 • P •H rH > 01 3 CO U 04 3 3 s XS 00 3 X X CO 0 3 P w > CO S-4 4-H 3 •H Sj 3 Sh P 3 u p 3 3

04 0) 3 04 r—4 0) •H 3 > 0 w • 1-4 3 rH 04 3

CO ”3 04 CO •4-4 xs > • 4-4 0 <4-4 • 04 3 a 3 •H

X

X 0 X £ 3 3 o 3 u CO CO 3 a 3 3 •H 3 3 4.) 3 1—4 o s-4 E cu CO OJ 3 3 3 3 > P . — c 04 3 4J CO 3^ Sj 4—4 4—4 <p 0 3 0 00 m rj • 04 01 O W 3 4—4 >» 0 04 3 p Sh P in 3 /—V £ 40 £ o X! 3 JS 4—4 •4J CO 0 00 rH 3 3 04 3 • •H • Vw/

04 £ <4-4 4-4

u •4J 3 •3 3 3 04 E P U 0 >> 3 E / s 0

(4 04

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pU P a r-^ 3 > U >% 3 4—4 x: 04 04 U SO 0 04 04 U 04 P 3 04 0 OJ H

CO «3 04 3 S-4 01 X3 • 4-4 0 • 4-4 Sh

U 04 E a 0 P » X r—

CO .3 04 'H

u

O

u S-4 .4-4 04 r-4 P 3 •H

X 04 0 3 0 4J P

04 J3 r—4 3 U

— 3 00 • 4H 04 • 4H CO > Sh

p

u P * 0 •H 3 S CO 4J 04 cn U 3 3 m > 3 3 Sh OC •H p 0 u 0 p P E X5 £ 3 133 l-H 04 3 04 04 3 3 0 3 P a X <4-1 3 w 3 3 U CO 04 04 3 3 s CO *H C7 04 p in CO 3 o W o 3 O 3 •H > CO 4J 3 04 3 00 X P 3 -p E

00 <44 3 O 3 >^ 3 2 3 Sj 00

u

p 3 on 0 3 3 04 3 u o U 3 3 X3 3 .3 0 0 3 •iH 3 3 •H 3 » CO :s 04

m

04

w 3 3 3 s-4 Xi <4-1 •r4 3 04

p P U 0 p

X 3 04 3 3 4-4 3 3 0 3 3 0 s 3 a p 3 £ X O 3 CO 04 04 <4-4 CO •r4 Sh 04 iH 3 04 0 3 in 3 3 3 0) CO •H 3 4J 0 x: <4-4 3 3 P Sh 3 3 X p 04 3 3 u H 4J w U 00 H 3 0 3 P u 3 3 04 p X 04 0 00 3 1—4 3 3 04 3 3 S-4 4-J xo 04 CO 0 P P CO 0 p 3 < 3 3 S-4 01 <4-4 w 3 CO a 0 rH 3 •H P 3 •»H 3 0 04 p W E XI N (0 4-4 CO • 3 4—4 04 04 P < •H 5 X CM 3 •H 3 o •H •r4 3 CO s^ 0 3 04 04 3 E •H

COu r-4W 3 3 3 3 > > 0 04 3

CO o 3 04 S.I o 04 4-4 04 3 o< JS P 3 • . OJ 3 U 4-4 4J u >. 0 CO 4—4 x: 3 P 0 3 P CM cn ^ w ^

23

Itra

low

level

laser

power

Available

Transfer

standards

available

for 1

10

to

0.1

femtojoules

at

femtojoule.

Units

supplied

to

Air

.06

pm)

Force

and

Navy

for

0.1

femtojoule/

cm
(table

continued) P 01 p CO •o

CO •H •o 01 •Ft

X

p eg 01 14 > 14 14 01

eg 3 CO o 01 o o O 14

p

u CO 14 01

p 14p 3 eg o 3 p eg P eg p d &4 eg 3 01 u p 01 p •H CO 01 eg • X u p

01 o 0 X 14 'G

p

X o

04 eo P p

u 01p 01 •d 01

p eg

CO CO 1-1 • o 01

d

G

p o CO •d

p

O S 3 X 01 •o CO 01 • d CO 3 d CO

p

d o P G. P •Ft 01

a 01 •d •H •d 01

01 o u •o o 04 00 •f4

a 01 l4 d o p p 01 m 01 p •f4 04 d 14 01 14 •d eg X g P p X G P •H •H o p eg •d X 14 p CO o 01 01 p o P G « •o p CO eg 01 01 eg u u •o o u G O' Q p • eg >* TS •G P E

•Ft

p

k CO 01

O o m

U CO

d P d 01 01 'G > p o p a X 00 eg o eg E p 14 d 1-1 o p p CO CO CJl TJ 14 d eg d eg

eg 01 • •fI eg 14

u

p 01 01

O

d 01

CO CO o TJ 3 o 01 04 CO o CO o T3 a CO

CO

u 01 • 01

p •o 00 o eg

Q

p •H 01 eg

d

p •I-t l-l P 01 l4 01 •H

d P d P 01 14 01

eg

d

p o CO

p 01

u 01 CO •H 01

X 01 eg 14 3 14

p 01 CO

p 01

X

X 14

u

d 14 > >» P E 3 o CO eg 0L, e •Ft d eg p o •H o G 01 00 •H 01 d u eg

01 l-l 01 o'

p Ip > u "O •V 14 3 It 01 01 01

u 01

p 01 •Ft

p 14 01 •H P u E CO

G

p

X

u eg 14 01

p 14 CO

d >. 3 p o 01

CO CJ eg > •H COp eg eg 01 P O' eg

p 00

X

eg eg

p l-l eg

d < 3 dX 01 01d

p

01 •fI 01 •Ft CO •I-tX CO 14 14 CO

a eg eg > CO eg 01 •H

w E V3 00 o 0 01 Ot 14 x: > 01 eg 00 X X PQ 01 PQ p P p u 0 o < u eg d 3 eg H p ;z; CO 'X X u 0 •1-4 p p

14 > 01

eg 14 > CO

01 01 01 01 >> CO T5 u

Xi

<0

flS uw

CQ

>>

x>

C9(X

CJ

lUh

(U TJ

•HMaou

00e

•H

<u PQ

fl><

0) CQ +J "H

«5

ca 4-> )>i •i-t w o ^ 0) ^

>»

<0u

u

u

(U T) a G

G

M

G

X

u >,

to

O i-<

H

d

eg

u > -d t-l <Q eg M S G

01u

d o; ^ (0

i-H

d

H tg ^ ^ u uu

oj (0 ig U 4-) 0) •H d M > OJ 0) U B CG 0) (1) CO 00d >M0) Md0} S0) G

CO

eg • (U OJ S

XI

eg • CO -H w eg 0 >

CO eg d

01 CO

CO 01S

1-^ o

eg

u

(J 01

•Ft XI

•P 00 o d

•w

*d o d

p

d 14 P eg 01

p 3 o d eg d 14 14 P • eg 01 01 14 3 CO

CO

d E < p 14 Ip

u •d E 14 01 14 01 eg

•I-t

d 3. 01

F 14 14 01

X

d

p eg 3 •d 01 3 • 04 •H o p CO O o 01 CO CO CO eg p •Ft d •Ft 0* • 04 14 eg eg 14 P

01 14 eo CM eg

p 01 P •d •r4 E 01 14 l4 14 g X eg d •d

01 P 01O 01 CO

p >» •H

U eg •d

14

u P P COU

d 00 P p •f4 eg »H eg P gj •I-t •H 14 CO 14 CO 3 It •I-t m P P 01 • 01 p 01 14 CO d eg P CM CO d p eg g 01 CO

01

X . 14O

u 01 >^

u 3 X 01 PS u F o o d 01 14 p •r4 d •f4 p

CO • / P 00 3 X P egp P d

p 14 eg o 00 01 •f4 Ok -d 3

eg

O CO 14 -H Ot •Ft s u o c 01 14 P 01 eg X) X •rt 01 •d >. P u u a 14 14 dt 01 o eg o 01 u •H e 01 s O CO •d m E 3

01p 3 E eg CO S P o 0) eg

IQt 01 o 01 01 eg 01 eg < E 01 O) T3 CO Ui X i-Q p u •Ft •W p CO m vO p p

F-l

O

G

u S O.

00 1-1 d eg

•Ft 01 (0 >t

24
RADIOMETRY AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

NBS Contact: Donald McSparron (301) 921-3613

This section of the NCSL Report was structured to compliment and supplement

the work of other groups addressing measurement needs in radiometry. Of

particular note is the prior work of the Council on Optical Radiation Measurements (CORM). In preparing the NCSL Report, however, particular emphasis has

been given to the needs of the aerospace community. This segment of the

electro-optics community has not been completely represented in CORM. The

NCSL Report thus forms a valuable addition to the information base utilized in

planning future NBS activities in this area.

The measurement needs identified by the respondents to the NCSL survey

and the NBS comments are presented in summary form in the following table.

Because of the small number of responses to the NCSL survey, only part of the

NBS program in radiometry and spectrophotometry is presented here.

25
CO 00

Mo 1 3

CO

d C4-t •H E 1 CO 3 o (U 1—4 O •M CO •H U

4-1

M

d 3 3 CO

M

d oa CO 3 X

CO 00 CO XI > u CM •r4 CO 3 3 CO 00 o; o •M X X 3 X M d M X5 JS CO 4J - 3 3 00 X

•M 4-)

A

u 4J •Hu X) X5 COu o 3

"O •H 3 •M <0

dX 3 X •M

X 3 3

CO

d I—( »** CO 3 u 3 CO CO

M •MM . M 04 3 •M XJ 0 •4 E i-H d X CO 3 . CO CO • d CM Xi o; 00 >v 3 •r4 * X 3 3 3 3 S-4 3

01 CO 3 d X) r-4

d •3 COd

d E X CO CO 3 X P o a CO •M o o 3 > o 3 u O CO u 3 E X X g o CO M d X5 • 3 CM CO •1-4 U •H •H U 3 >> CO X CO o a u 3 •M o X O X 3 U -3 CO 04 U X u 04 CO u 3 CO U X CO X X 00 3 •fH d 4-i 4J 3 CM 3 .it! b X 3 M u 3 O d CO X3 •H d >v XJ 1—4 o > U CO CO 3 s •M X M 3 > d CO i) 1-^ 0 x> CO CO X o CO )-4 3 3 04 X CO CO 4-) CO 01 pM X p—4

CO 3 X

XX

O

O

X

X) o; > d CO CO 3 U o 00 3 CO

X

X 3 CO

CO o M •H o CQ o CO o UU

XXd E CO

u 3 d 04 4J z 00 3 4-4 •M o X 04 •M 0 CO M O 00

CO o u 4J •M > pC4 •H

XX 3 d COX

d

fH 4-) OJ CO

d X) >» 4J 3 M 3 d 0 •M *M 3 CO P4 x: o; 3 4J . •M 3 3 >-4 X 3 X X CO 00 M

CO 4J 00 '3 X)

d -3 —4 XJ CO •M •3

X E a

d 3 3 d

r-4

dd • n •M 3 M < >-4 3 •1-4

X V4 •H

X

CO 01 •M (U 00 V4 CO 04

U CO

d o X 3 CO

X

X 3

CO ”3 OJ

A

a 00 4J o CO )-i o u o 04

X

X CO 3 04

X o CO XI 01 -H 04 )-l j—4

Cm CO •p4

U

u E X V4X > E X

(X

M -3 T3 3 3 3 3 X CO CO

d *H 3 •M •r4 3 0 00 Oi d 3 > CO >. CO S 0 M U CO X X 3 u A M CO 3 d d 3 oa u 3 d •H U3 0 d > CJ X d

(X 3 CO •M CM < 3 •3 z; 00

X SS

X •HX 3 CO < CO CO

4J

CO o X CO o O

O 3 X o 3 X M 04 O

X CO

XX >v 3 E O cn 1 o X 3 X o >> o X X CO - 1 PS 3 CO O •H •pH X o X X m d 3 X CM t4 z X V4 -S’ 3 X

CO CM

d CO 1 •p4 E 3 3 X

d

•H •f-4 •H iM CO

O CO 3 U o X •HO P •pH

X

U 3 CO CJ 3 X •M 3 00

d

X

O

X

X c CO

CO 3 00X 3 00

M 3 3 d 3 CO CO

X

a 04d >-4 04d 3 CO •H CO

X

X

u

X o »H

CO CO CO 3 CO CO

U

M • > U

d

u CO

X 3 u U U U4 d o CO 3 3 3 ov U

CO

d CO 3 CO ca i-4 3 04 CO CO 00 1 d

ex 3 3 3 3 3 o 04

X

X CO 3 d

d o 3

oa 3 X 3 X

d 00

Q

X

X 3 • 3 o CO o

z; •p4

X

d •HX CO

d >v •H )-4 z •H 04 1-4 un 00 > CO > •M E X d 3 > CO 1 d 440

X o d o d

X CO

OX *HX o o 3 3 o •pH • d )-4 •M X V4 •M X 3 M d Z X X Ph M X X 3 X 3 04 X 04 •M X 3 CO •H 04 X CM C

V4 CO *M CO 3 3 U 3 o 3 X

XO s<

V4 5 3 3 u

d > M

M o 3 3 CO

d p> O4

X 3 o U o U CJ 0 CO •f4 3 CO o >» O o M •pH CM CO 1 CO CJ d •r4 d •H 0 o X CJ X3 — X X d X E 3 > > iX X (J d CO d CO u d u P4 un X cx U o • w 1-4 o o CO cn CO •H cn 3 o -.V Sh cn oa 3 o OQ 3 o . d d PS X o CO X PS 04 •fH 0 X 1 z; CO -O' un z: CO X o o X Z CO X X o z CO X 3. 0 0

CMo

cn

(X

COos«aoau

COcOU

CO

P3

X)a

01s

(U •Ha

cr

OJ oc I JtSu

m

s_/ CO

X 3 CM >» 3 X 0 X d cn X X d

d

X 0 X CO 3 CM 1 d •p4 CO 0 X >. X d M 3 CO M u X d d X CO 3 3 u d 4. IH •pH 0 d 3 •H X • X 00 U CO 3 CO

CO

d 0 •H •H •pH 0 X 0 dd 3 X 3

OJ CO 00 4J O 01 ti >> 00 OJ

Ul

C

U

U CO

C

U 3

VMO (U JS a u oH a

ij

CO x>

>> 3

TJO

U

X) 0 u c^

CO o^ c

CO o;u

tj 3 0)

CO 4-> J3

Wl CO 4>) CM 01 c

CO jO CJ

4-)

O

a -H

T5c

COUd

'M

d 4-) H cOd

CO -H 3 -o 0) 00d

COM0) JS

4J

d

CO

a 4J • •M -H3

0) IT)

14 &<s CM 3

4J

O '4-1

CO CM 3>8

V4 E m

o;

u

4J ^ o

o; 13 4J e a o

•H

O

TJ >4-1 CO -cr o M O CO > 4J 0)

CM

O 4J

d 0 X 0 0 0 &4 •H 3 X 0 p

u CO 0 0 0 •pH CO X E • 3 M 0 3 CO d 3 >v d 3 CO U 0 d X CO 3 p> >* d 00 X X 0 M 0 X 0 X 3 0 0 3 A cn X 0 d M X •pH 3 d •pH •pH X •H M X B d •pH CO 3

•H

XX

X •pH

X

X 3 0 0 X 0 3 3 0 pH

X

M

U 3 CO CO 0 CO CO CO 0 0 CO X E X X CO CO d M M X M M X 0 >v IH •pH X )H 3 3 z X 3 3 M X X Z — X X CO X M 0 M X X

•pH PX 00 3 •pH

uu

X

d •pH 04 CO 0 0 3 •pH

X

X 0 X E d 0 X 3 CO •pH X E •pH X 0 3 X X 0 CO 3 CO d CO 04 X 0 CO CO CO 0 0 — d CO d •M X CJ X M 3 CJ CO X X X CJ X X u CM 3 CJ •pH 3

CM CO

m

M 01

<0 e d o

•H »H E X)

0) CO CO u

VO

20

on

photometry

and

None.

None.
I

CM0\

•HU 3 3 cn 1 (0 o O 01 3

•H -3 P X3 0) • VI 4J 3 P > §

(U 3 3 •3 (V 3 u M 3 3 • Wl XJ ~ P O g >1 o 3 •H CM O 2 3 O o fH > 01 E CM

U1 01 3 •> 0) oo o U i-i -3 3 o CO

O 3 >. 3 in p p

o; •3 X3 CO l4 CM >4 c O CJ E O O 3 g XI 3 O 3 p o P 00 O U 4-) 3 p P 3 u u •H CO Vh 01 3 3 00 'H P Oh Vi "3 3 lU CJ E JS 3 XI •H <l) P 3 3 u o; 3 E CO M Oh P u x:

>H-I (4

W

O CO 3 P

(0 o o P 3 3 3 CM O P OJ OJ CO "3 3 M i4 r4 3 JO 00 3 3 3 01 XI p O V o; Oh O Oh 3 x: P p

•W r4 CJ 00 3 E X

H-)

W ’H S4 3 x:

V 01 3 0 3 . 3 3 U 44 > 3 •3 N p >>

x> 3 01 CO 3 P 1 p

•H 3 > 0) 3 >4 00 P

rH r-l ttJ o l4 P 3 3 3 3 XI U XI X 3 O 3

CJ 3 3 3 < 3 iX P

«3

eo UW I

flj ki

r-lW « to u ^

(U (U n e

OJ -H J3 *J +J 3

V4

N

U ^

fi (Q 3 3

O'

Ohe x) 3 3

I—I <0

O

in

CM«

r>. CM

CM

*333 I O

•rl 4J rH3 O Cfl u m oj CM -r-l (0 4J

0) 3 3

•3 ttO -H 3 3 3 hJ U U >ou

Oh 3 m

CO

V •H Oh E vO P E 3 p 3 )4 P s o • P 3 X3 o > 3 -3 3 3 O 3 V P R 3 •H P Vi O 3 p P p 3 s 3 •w P XI V > 3 3 3 3 3 3 U O O 3 3 3 00 o 3 3 00 3 U 3 •w 3 3 CM o V O g 3 in

cn

U • Oh 3 p 00 •H • x> Oh •p4 o •H

rH o; 3 X3 3 o 00 P p P 00 E

VO 3 CO

O P •H

p 3 CO 3 o 3 3

cn

O OQ ‘i4 *(4 3 3 3 O

p

n

V vO 3 P 1 a a P 5 P JO V P 3 ss XI C3> V •f4 3 o

)-l 4J CO 1 . P p NP lO Vl 1 g u o o O 3 3 CO c 3 o 3 3 p CJ Vl Oh Oh cm >> o 00 X 3 X E o (0 p u 3 P O 3 •p 3 N o 3 3 u 'H P p P P X U 00 •H 3 00 3 3 3 Vl p O 3 3

Oh 3 •H »4 CQ (J

g 3 P 3 P

CO

p £ I 3 3 o U

UV

u 3 P U

O

X * 3 P cr

p 3 3 s 3 3 p P U V P 3 U E 3 P o 3 3 T3 o 3 X 3

X) 3 3 3 - 3 rH 3 P 3 X X) P 3 p V E E •W 3 3 CM 3 •H p O 3.^ 0 T5 3 P 3 3

pv 3 3 O •H 1 p 3 T3

g 3 O •H 3

•V

O CT* •o IT) S W c Oh 3 Q 3 3 3 3. m V P s 3 >>

X 3 OS O U 0 •H O o 3 O 4J P 3 H P p p in P P •H •H

*H • • P X3 1 o P n CO P > 5 P P 3 3 CM V 3 3 3 3 •H 3 >• u V U U >H V O o 3 Vl hU g O OS 3 X 3 3 P P P p 00 X •H c u H P •H U 00(4 3 U P O P CO 3 P P 3 1 P 3 3 o P P C o • 3 2 o 3 3 3 E 3 Oh V o 3 3 0) o 3^ P o CJ CJ *r4 5 P CO X CM X U X X p 3 Q CO P 2 PO • • • VP K OS r- 00 <0^

27
OJ 4H 00 0 c cn o

>> BJ >i o

5^

44 rH o o 44 44

4J

C "3 • m 3

01 <0 rH (A 3 o • 42

CO o •p4 43 04 o

OJ 4-) 14-1 (0 o <v o o (A rH 00 >4H rH

u 04 01 (A •rl 0) 3 o •H

4J 04 !A OJ (0 > « s c la (A OJ o > 3 3

(U •p^ •p4 00 «5 •3 3 s p 01 u o 3 •tH 3 g >> (15 o 'O 00 U 44 IH 0 <0 4J o 04 OJ 3 3 3 00 u •H 3 3 *pH 3 'p4 o

rHh

u 3 3 44 3 o n •H o u • •iH 42 44 44 04 • a pO <4-1 (0 OJ 44 •p4 O m « CO 3 0 CA s 3 04 00

04 "O j3 rH 0 •H (A

U o>

CA 0) 4H CQ

u 3 3 12 rH

a

u 04 *p4 > e 3 3 « o 0 eo IH

M 3

pH 4J 3 o U 44 x: •rl •iH 04 c 01 e 01 00 44 43

01 > 3.

O 44 o 3 iH

H 3 s OJ 3 0 • Sh 43 rH o TJ in (A OJ 00 O. 44 42 o CM (0 •3 3 • 3 3 00 OJ 0 •p4 04 U O 3^ rH

(0 0 o s 3 3 3 <Ti on •rH n •H 4-> 04 3 > o 3

OJ 01 <4H 3 3 O

O • > S 42 CM o •3 •4H < u 44 o 3

rH 1 3 u T) 14H 44 •iH 3 3 o

Jh 3 3

rH 3 rH IH >»

•H 44 3 44

r 44 42 3 W 3 3 S 44 42 o •rH O 3 44 CM 3 3 3 3 •pH 44 U U 3 O a 3

cn 3 <4HU

O

U

n )H o tH rH 3

!z; 3 3 3

>4H 44 P <4H 44 3 3 rP O 3 3 OS U •rH 3 3 14H (A

V4 T3 3 3 43 o O >1 U 44 3 3 U1 44 3 •H u « "V •pH •rH 3 3 3 n 44 3 3 o 3 44 O 44 cn 3 •iH O

32

W (3H T2 s cn Oi

rCM1

CMOH 3 44 O 1 •pH •rH 3 U

rH (A

O 3 o Ui 3

<n •rH « 3 a 3 -pH u 44 rH 3 3 3

•pH 3 O

UU

CA 44U ,n -pH tH 22 3 44 • •H tH 3 3 a rH 44 44 • a 23 3. 3 3 3

•-) 3 HH

u

a e

tH o o O

4itf •pH 14H • O 44 44 >4 U 3 o o 44 O O

OS 3 OI rH 43 42 H 3 3 a Or Or

23O 44 3 O S •pH 3 tH 3 tH o • • 44 00 42 44 H 44 3 U O 44 U O O Vh U O 3

33 3 42 3 Or *“ Or

04 44 •H 44 3 3 o 3 pH rH Or 44 PS O CO •tH < •tH <4H H u a 14H £30 a

cn Oi 22 • • C/3 2 pH CM

28
o u

CM2oI—I HUu

COoHM

COo

IXI CO§ mCO

COI CMa^o

CO

WcuswH

ti01 rH3o

CO

CO t>a rH 1 to M d 01 P •rH O Hf 01 x: iH 1 •M CM

4-) CO o Hi CM Hi 4J o o U •r d d CJc U d 4-1 r u tH H

(U o 0>

d o CM 01

d cu 01

u

(/} CO 0) X} 4-1 o CO CO o p 01 (U > d 01 d 01 p £ U w Ji CM o 0 rH d M p z 'iH O

04 CO

O

X

U ' o 04 rH

UH

'H CO •M cu CM Vi

O

COd 4-1 Td 4-1 CO o CQ

O o • pa 0 d CO 01 CO CO *H o !Z Hi •d p

2: a; -H o 01 > 4J

d CO CO c 4-1 •H X rH d rH *d rH 4J d c •M

0) CO 00O 01 CO

d P d • 0 ud

J3

M OJ 01 CO P > CO P •Hd

H • u

X 01 § 01 CO o 3 4-1 1— « -H M o d pa cu *H P rH iH

rH (V

d o d o 2a iH E rH P • O <0 X3 rH 01 <0 00 01 01 IH 3 •H o u H d w -d M 4J O U

Ql, CJC

O COd •d < • cu

d UH "d tH

(U 3 CO 01

d •H 01

d c 01 o x: • CO 4-1 «4H 01 tH o •iH p p

s—/ 4-> Ml cO tH 01 CO 01

O 00 4-1 £

00

u

dd rH tH •d

d

p o E 'j >. 0> 4-1 CO CO 04 4-1 X 01 d 00 u CJ

<0 rM ^ rH 01 CO rH E d o x:p

M 01

w E 'P Ph

O •H 4-1 P u CM 00 E T) M o u o 00 #4 01 d o o O (U o E 01 04 d 01 d -d H o U 4J CM tH CO CO •H 4-1 01 'J p

Ou CM

M 01 01 CO 01

d P 00 00 P d

<0 00 X! Jd xt rH •H

d o d Cm 0

<u (U Mld 4-1 4P 04 £ r-H tH 'H

d •H

u 00 CO •H cn •H P P 4Jd 2 4J

d

d X3

M I-H pa

M

X > •M •H P P

«o COd

d 01 -H !z; Hi 01 01 z > £ U

uM (U

d Xi Hi

d 01 CM Hi

d

CO (U X> 01 23

CO

M Ph jd < d CO < 3 01 4J CQ s • p 1 4J CO xi 0 w •H M 00 -d d u d 4J (U 3 01 d d

0)

d Oh o Hi 4J 00 *H

p E 04 < CO 01 •H X3 4J

cu E S tH CO E rH Hi •d

U <

l-i <u o •iH •M

d

d

d 4-1 CO 00 "d E XI 3 CO -d \0

CO

d 01

u CO

d r~

CO

d X3 o CO 01 d. CO P o

(U JS

U

M •iH jd CO 4-1 3 o CO s 4J d 4J CO Hi U CO d tH s

CO CO

M •iH •H 01 2

CO

MM cn

X 4-1 04 Vi

0) -o o 00 01 pa 01 P d

CO > d

ad x> z rH CO *w O CO i) •M *M 04 CO u d4 01 C4H 4J 4-1 V_/ •d 4J

/-H

dd •Hdd

u jd CO TJ rH 01 rH CO

p *M

w o 01 CO

M •H

M o

<u •iH 1 rH

U

U

M

X

O Oh s ^ H rH CO *M d CO 4-1 P o 3 CH 'iH Hi u 01 CO 3 •d • E M 3 CO 04 u •H *H 01 /—s w - 01 O CO CO d X 00

cu CO

dd

u 0)

p •p CO

JS - « u CO

d

H

u E CM

4->

d CO CO pa o CO •iH • d p-i cn d d 01 •H 01 01 rH

i-H o p .. > X3 1 01

d o CO +J d 4-1 01 CO CO IH tH o d •M •H 01 CO 01 •H 01 •H

lU

M lO CO >>

p «M 00 rH

d 4J Hi E 4J • E o > d 01 O' 4J P

04 COO Ph -d CO CJ 01 01

M o d CO <C CO CO pa M rO rCt rH T5 0) 4-1 S 0) 4-1 •rl (U d 00 M rH Hi u d CO tH rH > M d CO 04 o •H •H •d O P

(U CO

d

dd o M

U

TJ ’V IH • P o 01 cu P d CO o u tH Hi 00 "d 4J tH W CO OJ 01 Cm O rH d o 01 d 'iH o O jd •H E XI 01 tH rH p iH Cm CM H 4J )H tH P CO E M 04 4J *M

pa

O "d 01 XI 01 CJ •H Vi X3

d • CO Ph u 4-1 CO x: o M IH •M 01 P d CO o CO 01 4-1 M •H • — H U p U M CM u M Oi d t<a • d d 01 CO 01 o r d 01 d •d 4J JS Ph XI Hi CO m 01 cn rH 01 o 01 01 M 4J < CO O - •M pa X3 IH tH rd E O s rH d H CM *H •H cu o

•’->

d pa PhO

d 01 iH E

CO *H cO rH tH Ph

V

d O’ tH rH

u S CO -d 01 *|H 01 Pu Hd IH XI 3 H o M 3 X

0) < CO 01 CO 01 CO Sh s 4H .d > X3 d V Oi 01 •d

rH 01 o 01

M

d Cm

CO X> CO

M 00 CO CM pa P +1

pO

CO 04

d

M

CO 4J

u •H CO CO CO o CO CO 01 • x: d CM •p d tH rH

doU 00 i-t d o^ o

•d ri o

iH 01

d

CU Hi 01 p X d X

•H

tH rH P X rH

•H •H

01 3

r^ 2 X

d

Vip o

rH •H

01 •H

X

rH P u

•H > d

tH P d

•Hi o

•H 01 tH d X CU od •d z

•H

X pa

U

d CO

u o d X £

CO

p 3

•H

01 -dd

X

dd

H

p

X

•dM 3 P o

-dd

dp 01 73 X t4 C CO P

flj /—N P s C3C X

00Xp

so Ot •H OS X Sh rH 01 s X 2 2 P 2 CO S

CO •>^ • 'w' 01 01 p u X g 3 d X 3 •H 01 p

•H *d tHX

•H 01 •H X X P

(9

d 01 > O t4 pa P

00 OJ li d rH o

•H

a

”dN •H tH

01 01 tH

X

X

X 01 s H

p

H

p •H tH

U •>—4

d rH

u

X

X 0 t4 •H •H s 01 P X

00 01p 3 rH •d •M o tH p •H •H d u X •H • tH p d o d X ON c X X •d •M O' u CSJ •H •M CO o

pa 01d

d tH

tH

p •c o Or • 

C d • 01 z 01 p 3 u •H U

00 TJ •H 0 u CJ cn d t4 rH u 0

rr*

p P d E

hT oa

d o cn

p 00

d 00 hh

X rH

V /—s p - H X X X p / N X H P p o 3 CJ p 01 u •H 0 u V •H X X X •H “d d d X d d

(N 01 •H *H Xi in cr x s o o a rr o 01 CM a a u cu t4

(0

UlOJ iJ

CM

29

better

and

will

be

used

calibration

of

therraome
|4 >. 3 1 OJ 01 • OJ r-4 o

nj 3 s 4J 3 H 3 04 >> 01 +J 4-) o; o; HH Jj E 3 3 a ixi g oa o E 4i E •H g rH E *p4 X

01 o 3 -H V4

X OJ *H o u O XI OJ o X 1-4 • U] OJ •H x: l4 3

Xi o OS 3 W

u 04 r-lO

OO +1

O 3 <9 04 ^

»H 4J OJ 3 OJ 3 •H OJ

u J3 4-1 CO • 3« 44 XJ r4

4J

O •H iD OJ o s X

a

U 00 3 OJ 4l o 01 i4

(L) ra rH 01 o> x:

a

u CO s •H (9 u l-H 1-4 *J 44 U3 g u O 4l X O o lU 00 (—( 3 f4 OO OJ >% o 04 o a <0 C S 3 Xt CJ X

ca 01 •H (9 « o

T3 x: o 3 3 44

uu • c 00 4J 41 '9' £ 'H 3 04

«5

a 01 00 OJ

g I—

J

u 00 • •H g Os x: ra 3 o o^ m

(0

U IJ £ r-tU

K tJ 3 • T-4 00 c « •H o (0 3 H o\

nj 3 u 3 JJ 3 f-4 T—1

rH *H 3 O 04 o •i4 0^ (0 u O M 0 o 3 > •. • 3 *p4 1—4 o o 3 •i4 (U H >» OJ 4-> 3 » • c^^ 3

OS o « OJ o X OJ

CQ 0i (0 3 u

n 3 +1 o 3 u

•H 4i 3 X -H

X 3 •i4 01 3 « x: p—1 > W i-l u r-t CO 4J o 3 >4 « 3 u > (9 00 44 •H o > 3

sz; 4-> (0 OJ

O 25

O 00 OJ

U 3

CO 3 3

CJ so 3 1-4

X

H IZ 3 •i4 3 3 04 H 3

>» >> • X OS o O • 4J 01 U 32 C3 i4 3 >% •H X 3 X

S4 3 *H

U

Xu i4 3 » •H 3 O o 3

CJ )4

X 3 3 X 3 u OJ 3 X 3 3 3 3 X 1-4 0 E 3 01 3 *i4 3 3

)4 3 •H 3 X >4 J4 0) 44 U E 3 00 •i4 X to o U 3 O 3

00 t •p4 3 3 3 h O' •H 01 >4 g 3 3 Or 3

x: 3 X o g )4 4t

U

O 3 X

O 3 3 l4 3 OJ 3 u O 3 X O E 3 01 X 3 X

44 00

a 1-4 44 •i4 3 •H 3 o 3 o X 3 3

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31

Thermometry

Seminars

per

in

the

Seminar

and

develop

new

handout

year.

material

in

1984.

Videotape

is

an

excellent

instructional

medium

but

the

cost

prohibits

NBS

from

initiating a

production

project

at

this

time.
PRESSURE

MEASUREMENT

NBS

Contact:

Charles

Tilford

(301)

921-2121

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32

level
VACUUM

AND

LEAK

MEASUREMENT

NBS

Contact:

Charles

R.

Tilford

(301)

921-2121

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33

Calibration

of

any

device

None.

Depending

on

leak

program,

some

below

10'®

Torr.

standards

in

pressure

below

10'®

Torr

may

become

available

in

1986.
3o

•r^ 4J 00 3

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34
LIQUID

AND

GAS

FLOW

MEASUREMENT

NBS

Contact:

James

R.

Whetstone

(301)

921-3681

CO CO P OJ OJ 1 3

Li P u P O O 3 •rH X OJ 3 P P

CO Oh Li > u S CL OJ

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OJ

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p £ 3

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36
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY/CONDUCTANCE STANDARDS

NBS Contact: Jerome G. Hust (303) 497-3733

The NCSL Report indicates the need for a much wider range of SRMs

including both a wider range of temperatures and of thermal conductivities.

Within the funds available, NBS is attacking the highest priority needs.

NBS' Center for Chemical Engineering (CCE) provides measurement services

of interest to the chemical process industries. The small but continuing

effort of CCE is directed towards satisfying needs of the kind identified by

the NCSL Report. The most critical needs of industry at present are:

a) A low conductivity solid SRM with a range of conductivity

comparable to geologic, plastic, composite, or agggregate

materials

.

b) A low conductivity insulation SRM for use above ambient

temperatures

.

The high cost of production may prohibit the preparation of the low conductivity

solid but work has started on the insulation material. A glass-fiber board

(SRM 1450) is available for use at ambient temperatures.

ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY

NBS Contact: William F. Koch (301) 921-2883

We fully agree with the Report that electrolytic conductivity is an area

in which there are real needs for high-accuracy standards and traceability to

NBS over the full range of 10~® to 1 siemens/cm. These measurements are important in the pharmaceutical and power industries as well as for oceanographic studies, environmental issues (acid rain, water quality, etc.), and

fundamental studies in the theory of electrolytes. These measurements have

implications in health related areas, such as the effect of electric fields on living cells and tissue.

NBS is currently funding a project to study the feasibility of providing

aqueous conductance standards as SRMs. This is essentially a start-up effort

to explore needs and capabilities, after years of inactivity in this field of

research at NBS. The needs of the scientific and industrial community will

best be met through NBS participation and research, and through the issuance

of a set of SRMs for electrolytic conductance.

37
RESPONSE TO SECTION 2F

PHYSICAL/MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS

The material included in this section of NBS’ Response is supplemental to

that already included in the NCSL Report.

SHOCK MEASUREMENT

NBS Contact: Myroslav R. Serbyn (301) 921-3607

The NCSL Report confirms our conclusion that there is a need for a shock

calibration service to fill the void left when the former NBS shock calibration

service was terminated in 1975. We are in the process of reestablishing the

shock calibration facility. Our shock-test machine has been factory overhauled

during the past year and space for its installation has been obtained. It is

expected that it will be installed and operating before the end of this year.

Initially the service provided will be on a comparison basis, but if funds

permit, this will ultimately be upgraded to an absolute service.

Requirement

Calibration of shock

accelerometers using

comparison methods to

30,000 g's with an certainty of 1% to 5%

and to 10,000 g's with

an uncertainty of 5%

to 10%.

Current NBS Capability

None

HUMIDITY (HYGROMETRY) STANDARDS

NBS Contact: Saburo Hasegawa (301) 921-2794

Plans and Comments

Calibration services for

shock accelerometers, using

comparison methods, from

50 to 3000 g's with an uncertainty of 5% is

expected to be available

in one year.

No new requirements were identified, but one respondent requested that

existing services be continued. Our present services for humidity measurement

devices are being automated to improve turnaround time.

PARTICLE SIZE STANDARDS

NBS Contact: Lee J. Kieffer (301) 921-2536

The NCSL Report confirms our conclusions that there is a need for

particle-size Standard Reference Materials. The NBS Office of Standard

Reference Materials has two new particle SRMs (0.3-pm and 0.9-|Jm spheres)

that are available and will soon start work on 3-pm and 10-pm spheres.

Requirement

Spherical particle SRMs

having 0.5 to 1.0 pm

diameters with uncer- tainty of 5%.

Current NBS Capability

SRMs now available for

spherical particles of

nominal diameter of 0.3

and 0.9 pm with uncer- tainty of 1%.

Plans and Comments

Plans are to prepare a series of polystyrene

spheres having diameters

of 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 3, 10,

and 30 pm.

38
LIQUID DENSITY (HYDROMETRY) MEASUREMENTS

NBS Contact: James R. Whetstone (301) 921-3681

No new requirements were identified, but one respondent requested that

existing services be continued. NBS plans to maintain the currently offered

calibration services for hydrometers. To support new technology in the

measurement of liquid density, Standard Reference Materials are planned.

These will provide a direct tie to the unit of density as embodied in the

single-crystal silicon density standards maintained by NBS.

DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT

NBS Contact: James R. Shaver (301) 921-2983

Our goal is to structure the Dimensional Metrology Program to handle the

broad range of industrial needs, both now and in the long term. Specifically,

we plan to maintain calibration services for manual artifacts such as gage

blocks, spheres, and cylindrical standards. We also plan to maintain our support to the gaging community through the calibration of thread gages, plug

gages, etc.

Our long term plan is to gradually reduce the number of such calibrations,

allowing them to be done by secondary laboratories. Our current priority with

respect to coordinate measuring machines is towards the adoption of the

B89.1.12 Interim Standard as a National Standard, thus providing a traceability chain to NBS through the use of laser wavelengths or simple calibrated

artifact standards such as step gages. In this way we seek to avoid

calibrating large numbers of large, heavy, difficult to maneuver gages such as ball and hole plates. We intend to continue to offer one-of-a-kind special

tests for these artifact standards should they be required by a particular

organization.

The major priority of our program is to develop the new technology which

we believe will be necessary for metrology in the factory of the future. That

is, metrology techniques that control the dimensions of the part during the

time it is, being manufactured. We call this approach "Deterministic Metrology",

and the major thrust of the program is the characterization of machine tools,

tooling, thermal and other errors that lead to incorrect parts, and sensors

for monitoring such errors. This approach involves ensuring that quality

assurance is built into the manufacturing process rather than focussed on inspection after the part is manufactured.

The only specific comment in the NCSL Report that dealt with Dimensional

Metrology concerned coordinate measuring machines. We do have an extensive

program in coordinate measuring machines, and we will continue to support the

development of this technology and the dissemination of information to users. Through the Office of Standard Reference Materials we have made available a socketed-ball-bar set (SRM 2083) which can be used to determine the performance

of a coordinate measuring machine in accordance with ASME Standard B89.1.12.

We will also continue to develop the software supplied with such machines

,

including the computational algorithms for acquiring metrology information.

We believe in the long run that the standardization of such algorithms will

lead to more accurate measurements.

39
HARDNESS STANDARDS

NBS Contact: David Lashmore (301) 921-2958

NBS has conducted a research project on the development of diamond

pyramid hardness standards and now currently offers two SRMs through the

Office of Standard Reference Materials. These are in the nominal ranges of

125 KHM (SRM 1894) and 550 KHM (SRM 1895) and will be certified both for

Vickers and Knoop hardness at three commonly used loads of 25, 50 and 100 gf.

The accuracy of the SRMs are certified at ±5% and information is supplied to

the purchaser to allow use at other loads.

Presently research is underway to develop additional diamond pyramid

hardness standards at ranges of 60 KHM, 800 KHM, and 1200 KHM. All of these

standards have had all of the individual components which are involved with

their certification calibrated against NBS fundamental standards of mass and

length. Their surface finish is standardized and the measurements carried out

in accordance with the appropriate ASTM recommended practice.

The need of industry for uniform diamond pyramid hardness standards has

been widely known and documented. However, it remains unclear the extent to

which industry requires NBS certified Rockwell standards. If Rockwell standards were necessary, electroforming techniques similar to those currently used with

the diamond hardness SRMs could be used to fabricate the Rockwell standards,

however, cast alloys may be more economical and serve just as well. This

processing technology results in an extremely uniform material.

AUTOCOLLIMATOR MEASUREMENT

NBS Contact: William Gallagher (301) 921-2216

One respondent requested the calibration of an autocollimator with 10

minute nominal range and 0.1 sec and of arc accuracy. While turnaround times

for this service are longer than we would like, this service is readily

available from NBS.

40
EDUCATIONAL SEMINARS AND WORKSHOPS

NBS Contact: R. Keith Kirby (301) 921-2805

REQUIREMENT :

The NCSL national measurements requirements survey states: ’’One of the

requirements common to most of the data packages and common to most of the

respondent laboratories is the need for educational seminars and workshops

along with technical information. There is a continuing need for these

extremely important services in order to maintain well qualified and knowledgeable personnel in our laboratories. There is no more authoritative

source for personnel working with primary standards to obtain this type of

training and information than through the NBS."

NBS SEMINARS AND WORKSHOPS

SEMINAR ON DIGITAL METHODS IN WAVEFORM METROLOGY

October, 1983 at NBS Gaithersburg

Contact: Barry A. Bell (301) 921-2727

This two-day seminar on Digital Methods in Waveform Metrology

incorporated a program of lectures and laboratory demonstrations by NBS staff

and discussion sessions. The seminar was intended to familiarize technicians,

engineers, and scientists with the fundamental principles relating to

precision waveform metrology in the dc-to-10 MHz regime, and to acquaint the

attendees with the specific metrology program being carried out at NBS. The

program was divided into presentations on precision waveform synthesis

(digital waveform synthesis techniques, phase angle standards and calibration

methods); precision waveform sampling (characterization of waveform recorders,

dual-channel sampling systems); data converter characterization

(static/dynamic data converter testing, settling-time measurements); and

instrumentation metrology (automatic thermal voltage converter calibrations,

conductance measurements of gallium arsenide switches, automatic test

equipment performance measurements and standards, conducted EMI effects on test equipment). Future similar seminars are planned.

WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM PROFILE MEASUREMENTS

March 20, 1984 at NBS Boulder

Contact: Eric G. Johnson (303) 497-3234

This one day workshop will be held to identify problems in laser beam

profile measurements, to discuss what NBS can do to help solve these problems,

and the decide on the future role of NBS.

PRECISION THERMOMETRY SEMINAR

March 19-23 and October 15-19, 1984 at NBS Gaithersburg

Contact: Robert J. Soulen (301) 921-3316

This seminar will consist of integrated instruction in Platinum Resistance

Thermometry, Liquid-in-Glass Thermometry, Thermocouple Thermometry, and

Thermistor Thermometry to be given over a five day period. Material to be

covered includes the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968; its

use in the laboratory; thermometers and instrumentation, including automatic

41
data acquisition; the treatment of calibration data; and innovations in

thermometry. Time will be split between lecture sessions and hands-on measurements in the laboratory. The seminar is especially intended for calibration

laboratory personnel and others who wish to undertake precision temperature

measurements

.

SEMINAR ON ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT ASSURANCE PROGRAMS

March 26-30, 1984 in Dallas

Contact: Arthur 0. McCoubrey (301) 921-3301

This five-day intensive seminar on measurement quality assurance provides

in-depth training for those involved in dc and low frequency electrical

measurements. Participants will receive instruction on how to establish and

maintain rigorous quality control programs in their own laboratories to ensure

the accuracy of electrical measurements. The primary emphasis will be on quality control for dc voltage metrology; the techniques used are readily

applicable to other electrical measurement areas.

SEMINAR ON ELECTROMAGNETIC NOISE MEASUREMENT

April 30-May 4, 1984 at NBS Boulder

Contact: Ramon C. Baird (303) 497-3301

This seminar is intended for practicing noise metrologists and technical

managers responsible for antenna and communication systems where accurate

noise measurements are important. Sessions will address the accurate measure- ment of noise power, amplifier noise, and antenna system noise such as noise

equivalent flux and G/T. Practical and theoretical aspects of precision noise

measurement will be presented.

CALIBRATION AND USE OF CONTROLLED-CLEARANCE PISTON GAGES

April 2-6, 1984 at NBS Gaithersburg

Contact: Joanne Packard (301) 921-2121

This course will cover the theoretical and practical aspects of the

calibration and use of controlled-clearance piston gages. Particular emphasis

will be placed on the 100,000 psi Harwood gage. It will include lecture

seminars, laboratory demonstrations, and hands-on experience. Emphasis will

be placed on the acquisition and analysis of data required for the characterization of the gage as a primary standard. Attendance will be limited and

participants will be split into smaller groups to facilitate use of the

equipment and opportunities for individual questions.

The agenda will include:

Theory of controlled-clearance gas

Acquisition of fall-rate data

Crossfloating to determine effect of jacket pressure on area Analysis of laboratory data

Error estimation

42
SEMINAR ON FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS AND CALIBRATION

April, 1984 at NBS Boulder

Contact: Mike Lombardi (303) 497-3212

This seminar is intended for engineers and standards lab technicians

involved in frequency calibrations. The course will be taught at a practical

level to satisfy those new to the field as well as more experienced users. Methods taught will use commercially-available equipment. Topics to be

covered

:

Crystal Oscillator Calibration

Applications of Frequency Counters

How to Choose a Frequency Calibration

Care and Use of Frequency Sources

Using Loran-C and WWBV for Frequency Calibrations

Time and Frequency Measurement Assurance Services at NBS

Organization of Time & Frequency in the U.S.

NBS, USNO, and Other Publications

SEMINAR ON QUALITY ASSURANCE OF CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS

May 2-3 and 9-10, 1984 at NBS Gaithersburg

Contact: John K. Taylor (301) 921-3497

This two-day seminar is concerned with techniques to improve the precision

and accuracy of analytical measurements such as those needed in the compositional

analysis of materials, process control, and regulatory enforcement. It is

designed for supervisors of analytical laboratories, experienced analytical

chemists, and those responsible for the development and/or supervision of

laboratory quality control programs. Topics discussed will include: general

aspects of quality assurance; the role of Standard Reference Materials in

quality assurance; statistical considerations used in the evaluation of data

quality; good laboratory practices for precise and accurate chemical measurements.

SEMINAR ON THE CALIBRATION AND USE OF PISTON GAGES

May 17-18 and November 15-16, 1984 at NBS Gaithersburg

Contact: Bernard E. Welch (301) 921-2121

This seminar is held to help industrial and other users attain the

highest possible accuracy in pressure measurements with piston gages. The

seminar is directed at engineers and senior technicians. The two-day seminar

presents information on the theory of piston gages, elastic distortion, design

and types, calibration of controlled clearance piston gages, calibration by

cross-float, error analysis, computer programs, demonstration of cross-float,

hydrostatic weighing and transducer calibrations.

SEMINAR ON FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND CLOCKS

August, 1984 at NBS Boulder

Contact: Mike Lombardi (303) 497-3212

This seminar is intended for program managers, planners, and systems

engineers. Topics to be covered:

43
A History of Time Scales

National and International Structure of Time & Frequency

Concepts, Definitions, and Measures of Short-Term Frequency Stability

Techniques for Measuring Short-Term Frequency Stability and Noise in

Oscillators

Review of Performance of Commercial Frequency Standards

Limitations of Present-Day Atomic Frequency Standards

Possible Advances in Future Clocks and Frequency Standards

The Process of Timekeeping (Clocks Modeling)

Time Coordination: Methods for Comparison of Time Scales

Propagation Effects on Radio Transmissions

Optical Techniques and Propagation Effects

SYMPOSIUM ON OPTICAL FIBER MEASUREMENTS

October 2-3, 1984 at NBS Boulder

Contact: Douglas L. Franzen (303) 497-3346

This symposium will provide a forum for reporting the results of current

research and an opportunity for discussion that can lead to further progress

on experimental or analytical aspects of the characterization of optical

fibers and fiber optics systems, including attenuation, bandwidth/distortion,

dispersion, index profile, cut-off wavelength, mode diameter/core geometry,

fiber device (e.g., joint, coupler, multiplexer, etc.) evaluation, physical

measurements, link parameters (e.g., concatenation), polarization characteristics, system performance, field measurements, and standards.

WORKSHOP ON MEASUREMENT OF GAGE BLOCKS

Held every few years at NBS Gaithersburg

Contact: Theodore D. Doiron (301) 921-2216

There are no current regularly scheduled training programs in gage block

metrology, however every few years on customer demand a one-week workshop is

offered. Those interested in participating in such a workshop should contact

the Dimensional Metrology Group.

LINEWIDTH TRAINING SEMINAR

This seminar has been held about twice a year at various locations

Contact: Diana Nyyssonen (301) 921-3786

This seminar is primarily intended to transfer NBS linewidth measurement

technology to users in industry. Participants receive instruction in the

basic workings of the optical microscope and the NBS-recommended linewidth

measurement procedures.

Lectures, discussion, and equipment demonstrations cover state-of-the-art

theory of optical measurement equipment and edge detection for linewidths in

the 0.5- to 10-micrometer range. Specifically treated are procedures for

setting up and calibrating equipment and analysis of calibration data with

emphasis on establishment of precision and uncertainty. Lectures and discussion

also include problems associated with linewidth measurements made with the

scanning electron microscope (SEM) and other electron-beam systems.

44
4

NBS/ASTM SYMPOSIUM ON RADIATION THERMOMETRY

May 8, 198A at NBS Gaithersburg

Contact: Kenneth G. Kreider (301) 921-3281

This symposium is sponsored by NBS and ASTM Committee E20, Temperature

Measurement. Technical papers will be presented on principles of measurement,

methods of calibration, industrial applications, and case studies and recent

research developments, including optical fiber thermometry and gas temperature

measurements in combustion systems.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The editors would like to thank the NBS staff members who contributed to

this document.

45
NBS-H4A (REV. 2-80) U.S. DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date

NBSIR 84-2847(^^7 March 1984

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE National Bureau of Standards Response to the 1982 National

Measurement Requirements Survey of the National Measurement Requirements

Committee, National Conference of Standards Laboratories.

NBS Response to the 1982 NCSL National Measurement Requirements Survey.

5. AUTHOR(S)

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see instructions) 7. Contraci/Grant No. national bureau of standards

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE' 8. Type of Report & Period Covered

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

9.

SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City, State, ZIP)

10.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FlPS Software Summary, is attached.

11.

ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here) This response of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to the 1982 National

Measurement Requirements Survey Report published by the NCSL’s National Measurement

Requirements Committee in May 1983 contains detailed information on the measurement

services presently available from NBS and our future plans for new and expanded

services. The information contained in the Survey Report is extremely useful to

NBS in evaluating the effectiveness of ongoing programs and for planning future

programs. The Report is particularly important to NBS because of the large number

of organizations that have responded and because of the detailed technical

requirements identified in the report.

12.

KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize oniy proper names; and separate key words by semicolon s) Calibrations, NBS measurement services, standard reference materials

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