STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA
 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS
 

In Re: L.S. FILED 

November 24, 2014 

No. 14-0506 (Raleigh County 12-JA-51) RORY L. PERRY II, CLERK 

SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS 

OF WEST VIRGINIA 

MEMORANDUM DECISION 

Petitioner Steven K. Mancini, guardian ad litem for the mother below, appeals the Circuit 

Court of Raleigh County’s April 23, 2014, order terminating her parental rights to L.S. The West 

Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (“DHHR”), by counsel S.L. Evans, filed 

its response in support of the circuit court’s order and a supplemental appendix. The guardian ad 

litem for the child, Mary Beth Chapman, filed a response on behalf of the child supporting the 

circuit court’s order and a supplemental appendix. On appeal, petitioner alleges that the circuit 

court erred in proceeding to disposition without requiring that a family case plan be filed and in 

terminating the mother’s parental rights. 

This Court has considered the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal 

arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided 

by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the briefs, and the record 

presented, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these 

reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court’s order is appropriate under Rule 21 

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

In April of 2012, the DHHR filed an abuse and neglect petition against the parents 

alleging aggravated circumstances due to a prior involuntary termination of parental rights to an 

older child. In July of 2012, the circuit court held an adjudicatory hearing, during which 

petitioner stipulated to the allegations and was awarded a post-adjudicatory improvement period. 

Following a court-ordered psychological evaluation, the circuit court appointed a guardian ad 

litem for the mother. In December of 2012, at a multi-disciplinary treatment team (“MDT”) 

meeting, a family case plan was formulated and signed by the mother. Additionally, during the 

pendency of the proceedings below, the mother gave birth to another child, K.R. According to 

her testimony below, the mother did not want the DHHR to take custody of the child, so she 

arranged to give birth in Utah and allowed an adoptive family to take custody.1 

Following several review hearings regarding the mother’s improvement period and an 

extension to the same, the DHHR filed a motion to terminate her parental rights in October of 

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The dispositional transcript indicates that the DHHR contacted Child Protective Services 

in Utah to initiate a homestudy procedure pursuant to the Interstate Compact on the Placement of 

Children to assure that K.R.’s home was appropriate. Accordingly, the circuit court terminated 

the mother’s parental rights to L.S. only, as she voluntarily relinquished her rights to K.R. by 

giving the child up for adoption. This memorandum decision, therefore, concerns only L.S. 

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2013. The following month, the circuit court held a hearing on the motion and continued the 

same until January 28, 2014, at which point the circuit court heard additional witnesses, but 

again continued the matter for the DHHR to present additional witnesses. In April of 2014, the 

circuit court held a final hearing on the DHHR’s motion to terminate and proceeded to 

disposition. Ultimately, the circuit court terminated the mother’s parental rights. It is from the 

dispositional order that petitioner appeals. 

The Court has previously established the following standard of review: 

“Although conclusions of law reached by a circuit court are subject to de 

novo review, when an action, such as an abuse and neglect case, is tried upon the 

facts without a jury, the circuit court shall make a determination based upon the 

evidence and shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether 

such child is abused or neglected. These findings shall not be set aside by a 

reviewing court unless clearly erroneous. A finding is clearly erroneous when, 

although there is evidence to support the finding, the reviewing court on the entire 

evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been 

committed. However, a reviewing court may not overturn a finding simply 

because it would have decided the case differently, and it must affirm a finding if 

the circuit court’s account of the evidence is plausible in light of the record 

viewed in its entirety.” Syl. Pt. 1, In Interest of Tiffany Marie S., 196 W.Va. 223, 

470 S.E.2d 177 (1996). 

Syl. Pt. 1, In re Cecil T., 228 W.Va. 89, 717 S.E.2d 873 (2011). Upon our review, the Court finds 

no error in the circuit court proceeding to disposition without a family case plan being filed or in 

terminating the mother’s parental rights. 

We have previously held that 

“[w]here it appears from the record that the process established by the 

Rules of Procedure for Child Abuse and Neglect Proceedings and related statutes 

for the disposition of cases involving children [alleged] to be abused or neglected 

has been substantially disregarded or frustrated, the resulting order . . . will be 

vacated and the case remanded for compliance with that process and entry of an 

appropriate . . . order.” Syllabus point 5, in part, In re Edward B., 210 W.Va. 621, 

558 S.E.2d 620 (2001). 

Syl. Pt. 3, In re Emily G., 224 W.Va. 390, 686 S.E.2d 41 (2009). In discussing family case plans, 

this Court has stated that 

“[t]he purpose of the family case plan as set out in W.Va.Code, 49–6D– 

3(a) (1984), is to clearly set forth an organized, realistic method of identifying 

family problems and the logical steps to be used in resolving or lessening these 

problems.” Syl. Pt. 5, State ex rel. Dep’t of Human Services v. Cheryl M., 177 

W.Va. 688, 356 S.E.2d 181 (1987). 

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Syl. Pt. 2, In re Desarae M., 214 W.Va. 657, 591 S.E.2d 215 (2003). While petitioner is correct 

that West Virginia Code §§ 49-6-2(b) and 49-6D-3(a) require a family case plan be filed within 

thirty days of the improvement period’s inception, the Court declines to find error under the 

specific limited circumstances of this case because a case plan was created and signed by the 

parties, and because the mother failed to improve throughout the extended duration of the 

proceedings below. The record shows that the case plan required the following of petitioner: (1) 

perform parental duties and responsibilities on a daily basis; (2) obtain adequate knowledge to 

fulfill caregiving responsibilities and tasks; (3) demonstrate appropriate hygiene and keep the 

home sanitary on a daily basis; (4) control anger, make good decisions, control mood (with 

medication, if necessary), and form healthy relationships; and (5) demonstrate the ability to 

provide basic necessities. As such, it is clear that the mother was provided with a clear set of 

goals necessary to achieve reunification with her child. 

Moreover, it is clear that the mother’s lack of improvement was unrelated to any alleged 

deficiency in filing a case plan, and instead was a result of her inability to properly care for the 

child. Unfortunately, despite extensive services, the mother was unable to substantially correct 

the conditions of abuse and neglect in the home such that reunification was appropriate. For 

these reasons, the Court finds no due process violation in the circuit court proceeding to 

disposition absent a properly filed case plan under the limited circumstances of this case. 

As to termination of the mother’s parental rights, the Court finds no error. As noted 

above, the mother was presented with a case plan in order to set forth an organized, realistic 

method of identifying and resolving the issues that led to the child’s removal. It is clear that the 

mother was aware of parenting deficiencies that needed correcting, including maintaining a 

suitable, clean home, and providing appropriate care for the newborn child, yet failed to improve 

in these regards. Moreover, in spite of the mother’s participation in specific services, including 

parenting education, she failed to apply the education in a way that lessened the conditions of 

abuse and neglect in the home. Ultimately, the circuit court found that the mother did not 

understand the significance of her child’s special needs and was simply unable to care for her. 

While petitioner argues that the circuit court could not make such findings because it was not 

aware of the specific terms of her family case plan, the Court finds this argument without merit. 

The record is clear that a Child Protective Services (“CPS”) worker testified regarding the terms 

of petitioner’s treatment plan and her failures in complying with the terms thereof. 

The circuit court’s findings regarding petitioner’s inability to care for her child were 

based upon substantial evidence from petitioner’s service providers establishing that after 

extensive services, significant issues with the mother persisted through disposition. Specifically, 

the mother exhibited poor personal hygiene that required several visits with the child to be 

canceled because the child would become sick from the odor. In fact, the mother’s hygiene was 

so severe that she required medical assistance to address the same. Further, the mother failed to 

sustain a suitable home for the child. During the proceedings, animal control seized three dogs 

from the parents and cited them for animal neglect. Additionally, the parents’ home lacked 

plumbing and had terrible odors emanating from within, such that the home was ultimately 

condemned. Thereafter, the parents resided in a tent in a relative’s yard, and then moved into the 

home of the child’s maternal grandmother. The DHHR noted that the grandmother had 

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previously had her parental rights to the mother terminated in a separate abuse and neglect 

proceeding. 

As such, it is clear that there was sufficient evidence upon which the circuit court could 

have found that there was no reasonable likelihood that petitioner could substantially correct the 

conditions of abuse and neglect, and that termination of her parental rights was necessary for the 

child’s welfare. Pursuant to West Virginia Code § 49-6-5(a)(6), circuit courts are directed to 

terminate parental rights upon these findings. While petitioner argues that the circuit court based 

termination entirely upon a finding of untrustworthiness due to her leaving the jurisdiction to 

give birth to a second child, it is clear that this was only one factor among many that the circuit 

court relied upon to reach its determination. Petitioner argues that it was error to base termination 

upon this factor because the DHHR did not move for custody of the child, and because she was 

not expressly forbidden from having the child outside the circuit court’s jurisdiction. However, 

the Court finds no merit to this argument because the mother’s actions were clearly relevant in 

light of her stated reason for giving birth to the child in Utah in order to prevent the DHHR 

taking custody of the child upon her birth. For these reasons, under the limited circumstances of 

this case, the Court declines to find that the process established for abuse and neglect 

proceedings was “substantially disregarded or frustrated” such that vacating the resulting order is 

warranted. 

For the foregoing reasons, we find no error in the decision of the circuit court and its 

April 23, 2014, order is hereby affirmed. 

Affirmed. 

ISSUED: November 24, 2014 

CONCURRED IN BY: 

Chief Justice Robin Jean Davis 

Justice Brent D. Benjamin 

Justice Margaret L. Workman 

Justice Menis E. Ketchum 

Justice Allen H. Loughry II 

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