United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Pacific

Northwest

Region

Okanogan-Wenatchee 

National Forest

Methow Valley, Chelan, and 

Tonasket Ranger Districts

Chelan, Okanogan, 

Whatcom, and Skagit 

Counties, Washington

February 2013

Pack and Saddle Stock

Outfitter-Guide Special

Use Permit Issuance

Final Environmental Impact Statement
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs 

and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion. age, disability, 

political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases 

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for 

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should 

contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of 

discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten 

Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 

720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Pack and Saddle Stock Outfitter-Guide Special Use Permit Issuance

Final Environmental Impact Statement

Okanogan, Chelan, Skagit, and Whatcom Counties, Washington

Lead Agency: USDA Forest Service

Responsible Official: Rebecca Lockett Heath

Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest

215 Meoldy Lane

Wenatchee, Washington 98801

For Information Contact: Jennifer Zbyszewski

Methow Valley Ranger District

24 West Chewuch Road

Winthrop, Washington 98862

509-996-4021

Abstract: The USDA Forest Service is proposing to issue 10-year term special use permits to pack and saddle stock 

outfitter-guides. The permits would be issued to the existing holders who are in good standing at the time of the 

decision, or replacements who meet term permit requirements. The project area is located in Okanogan, Skagit, 

Whatcom, and Chelan Counties, Washington, on the Tonasket, Methow Valley, and Chelan Ranger Districts. Four

alternatives, including a No Action alternative, are analyzed in this FEIS. Alternative 1 is the No Action alternative. No 

pack and saddle stock outfitter-guide permits would be issued under this alternative. Alternative 2 would issue 10-

year special use permits to pack and saddle stock outfitter-guides, with a total of 4,620 service days. This alternative 

would amend the Okanogan and Wenatchee Forest Plans to prohibit pack and saddle stock outfitter-guides from 

increasing the amount of barren core in any established campsite; and in campsites where the existing amount of 

barren core exceeds 5,250 square feet, outfitter-guides shall not use more than 5,250 square feet, and use the same 

area on successive visits. A second amendment would allow pack and saddle stock outfitter-guides to use existing 

campsites within 200 feet of meadows, lakes, streams, and key interest areas. Alternative 3 would also issue 10-year 

term special use permits to pack and saddle stock outfitter-guides, with a total of 2,660 service days. This alternative 

would amend the forest plans to prohibit the outfitter-guides from increasing the amount of barren core in 

established campsites; and in campsites where the existing amount of barren core exceeds 2,800 square feet, 

outfitter-guides shall not use more than 2,800 square feet, and use the same area on successive visits. A second 

amendment would also limit the party size for outfitter groups to 12 (any combination of people and stock), and a 

third would prohibit pack and saddle stock outfitter-guides from using campsites within 200 feet of wetlands, lakes, 

streams, or key interest areas, but would allow use of camps within 200 feet of dry meadows. Alternative 4 would 

issue 10-year special use permits to pack and saddle stock outfitter-guides, with a total of 6,700 service days. This 

alternative would amend the Okanogan and Wenatchee Forest Plans to allow pack and saddle stock outfitter-guide to 

use existing barren core in established campsites, but prohibit them from creating additional barren core. A second 

amendment would allow pack and saddle stock outfitter-guides to use existing campsites within 200 feet of 

meadows, lakes, streams, and key interest areas.

Comments on the Draft EIS were considered and resulted in a new alternative and analysis modifications presented in 

the Final EIS. The Response to Comments on the Draft EIS is located in FEIS Appendix M. Changes between Draft and 

Final EIS are summarized at the beginning of each chapter.

Website address for electronic copy of the FEIS and Summary: www.fs.usda.gov/goto/okawen/projects

Look for “Pack and Saddle Stock Outfitter-Guide Special Use Permit Issuance Final Environmental Impact Statement” 

at this site, and follow the link to the document.
This page left intentionally blank.
Pack and Saddle Stock Outfitter-Guide Permit FEIS i February 2013

Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................SUMMARY-1

CHAPTER 1. PURPOSE AND NEED..........................................................................................................1-1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 1-1

DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION........................................................................................................................... 1-1

ANALYSIS AREA............................................................................................................................................ 1-1

OUTFITTER-GUIDE BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................... 1-5

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................ 1-8

PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION.................................................................................................................. 1-18

PROPOSED ACTION..................................................................................................................................... 1-21

DECISION FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................... 1-23

PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT................................................................................................................................. 1-24

ISSUES...................................................................................................................................................... 1-25

CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................................2-1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 2-1

ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT.......................................................................................................................... 2-1

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT ELIMINATED.................................................................................................... 2-2

ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED IN DETAIL ............................................................................................................. 2-8

ALTERNATIVE 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 2-8

ALTERNATIVE 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 2-9

ALTERNATIVE 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 2-12

ALTERNATIVE 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 2-15

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR ALTERNATIVES 2, 3, AND 4............................................................................... 2-19

MONITORING ............................................................................................................................................ 2-26

COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES.................................................................................................................... 2-30

CHAPTER 3. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES..................................3-1

INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................3-1

3.0 PAST, PRESENT, AND REASONABLY FORESEEABLE FUTURE ACTIONS .............................................................3-2

3.1 OUTFITTER-GUIDES.........................................................................................................................3-10

Affected Environment........................................................................................................................ 3-11

Environmental Consequences............................................................................................................ 3-16

Consistency Findings.......................................................................................................................... 3-21

3.2 WILDERNESS .................................................................................................................................3-21

Affected Environment........................................................................................................................ 3-32

Environmental Consequences............................................................................................................ 3-53

Consistency Findings.......................................................................................................................... 3-91

3.3 RECREATION................................................................................................................................ 3-107

North Cascades................................................................................................................................ 3-110

Sawtooth Backcountry .................................................................................................................... 3-120

Bear/Ramsey/Volstead.................................................................................................................... 3-129

Middle Methow ............................................................................................................................... 3-136

Alta Lake.......................................................................................................................................... 3-141

3.4 SOIL RESOURCES .......................................................................................................................... 3-150

Affected Environment...................................................................................................................... 3-152

Environmental Consequences.......................................................................................................... 3-160

Consistency Findings........................................................................................................................ 3-167
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Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest

3.5 HYDROLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 3-168

Affected Environment...................................................................................................................... 3-170

Environmental Consequences.......................................................................................................... 3-175

Consistency Findings........................................................................................................................ 3-181

3.6 AQUATIC RESOURCES.................................................................................................................... 3-182

Affected Environment...................................................................................................................... 3-186

Environmental Consequences.......................................................................................................... 3-211

Consistency Findings........................................................................................................................ 3-223

3.7 BOTANY..................................................................................................................................... 3-235

Affected Environment...................................................................................................................... 3-239

Environmental Consequences.......................................................................................................... 3-254

Consistency Findings........................................................................................................................ 3-270

3.8 TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE .................................................................................................................. 3-270

Management Indicator Species ....................................................................................................... 3-271

Primary Cavity Excavators......................................................................................................... 3-273

Marten, Pileated Woodpecker, Three-toed Woodpecker, 

Northern Spotted Owl and Barred Owl ..................................................................................... 3-278

Ruffed Grouse and Beaver......................................................................................................... 3-279

Mule Deer.................................................................................................................................. 3-284

Mountain Goats and High Elevation Meadows......................................................................... 3-285

Elk .............................................................................................................................................. 3-290

Landbirds ......................................................................................................................................... 3-291

Late Successional Reserves.............................................................................................................. 3-292

Endangered, Threatened and Sensitive Species............................................................................... 3-292

Gray Wolf .................................................................................................................................. 3-293

Grizzly Bear................................................................................................................................ 3-297

Lynx ........................................................................................................................................... 3-301

Marbled Murrelet...................................................................................................................... 3-303

Northern Spotted Owl ............................................................................................................... 3-304

Sensitive Species........................................................................................................................ 3-306

Bald Eagle ............................................................................................................................ 3-306

Common Look ...................................................................................................................... 3-307

Fisher ................................................................................................................................... 3-308

Great Gray Owl .................................................................................................................... 3-309

Lewis’ Woodpecker.............................................................................................................. 3-311

Moose .................................................................................................................................. 3-311

Mountain Goat .................................................................................................................... 3-312

Pallid Bat.............................................................................................................................. 3-312

Peregrine Falcon .................................................................................................................. 3-313

Shaprtail Snake .................................................................................................................... 3-314

Striped Whipsnake............................................................................................................... 3-314

Townsend’s Big-eared Bat ................................................................................................... 3-315

Western Gray Squirrel.......................................................................................................... 3-315

White-headed Woodpecker................................................................................................. 3-316

Wolverine............................................................................................................................. 3-316

Sensitive Invertebrate Species................................................................................................... 3-317

3.9 INVASIVE PLANTS ......................................................................................................................... 3-319

Affected Environment...................................................................................................................... 3-320

Environmental Consequences.......................................................................................................... 3-332

Consistency Findings........................................................................................................................ 3-337
Pack and Saddle Stock Outfitter-Guide Permit FEIS iii February 2013

Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest

3.10 RANGE RESOURCES ..................................................................................................................... 3-338

Affected Environment...................................................................................................................... 3-341

Environmental Consequences.......................................................................................................... 3-352

Consistency Findings........................................................................................................................ 3-356

3.11 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 3-357

Affected Environment...................................................................................................................... 3-360

Environmental Consequences.......................................................................................................... 3-364

3.12 HERITAGE RESOURCES ................................................................................................................. 3-368

Affected Environment...................................................................................................................... 3-370

Environmental Consequences.......................................................................................................... 3-371

Consistency Findings........................................................................................................................ 3-372

3.13 SPECIFICALLY REQUIRED DISCLOSURES............................................................................................. 3-374

Inventoried and Uninventoried Roadless Areas............................................................................... 3-374

Visual Quality Objectives................................................................................................................. 3-375

Consistency with National Environmental Policy Act, The National Forest Service

Management Act, and the Okanogan and Wenatchee Forest Plans .............................................. 3-375

National Historic Preservation Act .................................................................................................. 3-375

Endangered Species Act and Regional Forester’s Sensitive Species ................................................ 3-375

Clean Air Act.................................................................................................................................... 3-376

Wild and Scenic River Act ................................................................................................................ 3-376

Floodplains and Wetlands............................................................................................................... 3-377

Prime Farmlands, Rangelands, Forestlands .................................................................................... 3-377

Research Natural Areas................................................................................................................... 3-377

Civil Rights and Environmental Justice ............................................................................................ 3-377

Other Jurisdictions........................................................................................................................... 3-379

Short-Term Uses and Long-Term Productivity................................................................................. 3-379

Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources................................................................ 3-380

Unavoidable Impacts....................................................................................................................... 3-380

Tribal Interests................................................................................................................................. 3-381

Energy Requirements/Natural or Depletable Resources and Conservation .................................... 3-382

Public Health and Safety.................................................................................................................. 3-382

Urban Quality, Historic and Cultural Resources, and the Built Environment................................... 3-382

CHAPTER 4. LIST OF PREPARERS............................................................................................................4-1

CHAPTER 5. LIST OF AGENCIES, ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS RECEIVING A COPY

OF THE FINAL EIS, FINAL EIS SUMMARY, OR NOTIFICATION OF WEB AVAILABILITY ..............................5-1

MAP SECTION.................................................................................................................................. MAP-1

GLOSSARY .............................................................................................................................. GLOSSARY-1

LITERATURE CITATIONS..........................................................................................................CITATIONS-1

INDEX............................................................................................................................................INDEX-1
Pack and Saddle Stock Outfitter-Guide Permit FEIS iv February 2013

Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A. CURRENT OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMP LOCATION AND CONDITION ............................................APPENDIX A-1

APPENDIX B. 2012 NEEDS ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................APPENDIX B-1

APPENDIX C. CAMPSITE BARREN CORE CALCULATIONS ..........................................................................APPENDIX C-1

APPENDIX D. WILDERNESS CFRS...................................................................................................... APPENDIX D-1

APPENDIX E. CURRENT OUTFITTER-GUIDES .........................................................................................APPENDIX E-1

APPENDIX F. RECREATION ACTIVITY REVIEW........................................................................................APPENDIX F-1

APPENDIX G. AQUATIC HABITAT PARAMETERS & STREAM SURVEY DATA ................................................. APPENDIX G-1

APPENDIX H. FIFTH AND SIXTH FIELD WATERSHEDS IN ANALYSIS AREA .................................................... APPENDIX H-1

APPENDIX I. WETLANDS WITHIN 500 FEET OF CAMPSITES ......................................................................APPENDIX I-1

APPENDIX J. SENSITIVE SPECIES HABITAT..............................................................................................APPENDIX J-1

APPENDIX K. SENSITIVE SPECIES WITHIN 500 FEET OF CAMPSITES...........................................................APPENDIX K-1

APPENDIX L. SURVEY & MANAGE TRACKING FORM:

BOTANY SPECIES SURVEY AND SITE MANAGEMENT SUMMARY .............................................................. APPENDIX L-1

APPENDIX M. RESPONSE TO COMMENTS .......................................................................................... APPENDIX M-1

LIST OF MAPS.............................................................................................................................................

MAP S-1. PACK AND SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTER-GUIDE PERMIT VICINITY MAP............................................SUMMARY-2

MAP S-2 PACK AND SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTER-GUIDE ANALYSIS AREA......................................................SUMMARY-3

MAP 1-1. VICINITY ................................................................................................................................MAP 1-1

MAP 1-2. ANALYSIS AREA.......................................................................................................................MAP 1-2

MAP 1-3. ANALYSIS AREA SUBAREAS........................................................................................................MAP 1-3

MAP 1-4. PASAYTEN WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT AREAS, TRAILS, AND TRAILHEADS .........................................MAP 1-4

MAP 1-5. LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT AREAS, TRAILS, AND TRAILHEADS....................MAP 1-5

MAP 1-6. NORTH CASCADES MANAGEMENT AREAS, TRAILS, AND TRAILHEADS.................................................MAP 1-6

MAP 1-7. SAWTOOTH BACKCOUNTRY MANAGEMENT AREAS, TRAILS, TRAILHEADS,

AND OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMP LOCATIONS..................................................................................................MAP 1-7

MAP 1-8. BEAR/RAMSEY/VOLSTEAD MANAGEMENT AREAS, TRAILS, TRAILHEADS,

AND OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMP LOCATION...................................................................................................MAP 1-8

MAP 1-9. MIDDLE METHOW MANAGEMENT AREAS, TRAILS, AND TRAILHEADS ...............................................MAP 1-9

MAP 1-10. ALTA LAKE MANAGEMENT AREAS ......................................................................................... MAP 1-10

MAP 3.2-1. ASSIGNED SITES AND BASE CAMPS ...................................................................................... MAP 3.2-1

MAP 3.2-2. EXISTING OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMP LOCATIONS IN THE PASAYTEN WILDERNESS............................ MAP 3.2-2

MAP 3.2-3. EXISTING OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMP LOCATIONS IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH WILDERNESS ...... MAP 3.2-3

MAP 3.3-1. NORTH CASCADES RECREATION AREAS AND OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMP LOCATIONS ....................... MAP 3.3-1

MAP 3.3-2. MIDDLE METHOW OUTFITTER-GUIDE BASE CAMPS AND RECREATION AREAS.............................. MAP 3.3-2

MAP 3.7-1. WETLANDS ..................................................................................................................... MAP 3.7-1

LIST OF FIGURES

SUMMARY

FIGURE S-1. ALTERNATIVE 2: NUMBER OF SERVICE DAYS BY AREA AND TOTAL......................................SUMMARY-15

FIGURE S-2. ALTERNATIVE 3. NUMBER OF SERVICE DAYS BY AREA AND TOTAL ......................................SUMMARY-18

FIGURE S-3. ALTERNATIVE 4. NUMBER OF SERVICE DAYS BY AREA AND TOTAL ......................................SUMMARY-22

FIGURE S-4. COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................SUMMARY-25

CHAPTER 1. PURPOSE AND NEED

FIGURE 1-1. ANALYSIS AREA ACREAGE........................................................................................................ 1-3

FIGURE 1-2. CURRENT SERVICE DAYS BY SUB-AREA ....................................................................................... 1-5
Pack and Saddle Stock Outfitter-Guide Permit FEIS v February 2013

Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest

CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVES

FIGURE 2-1. ALTERNATIVE 2: NUMBER OF SERVICE DAYS BY AREA AND TOTAL................................................. 2-10

FIGURE 2-2. ALTERNATIVE 3: NUMBER OF SERVICE DAYS BY AREA AND TOTAL.................................................. 2-13

FIGURE 2-3. ALTERNATIVE 4: NUMBER OF SERVICE DAYS BY AREA AND TOTAL ................................................. 2-16

FIGURE 2-4. COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................. 2-31

CHAPTER 3. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES

FIGURE 3.0-1. EXISTING OUTFITTER-GUIDES ............................................................................................... 3-5

FIGURE 3.0-2. NUMBER OF NON-OUTFITTED VISITOR DAYS BY AREA................................................................ 3-7

FIGURE 3.0-3. CURRENT NUMBER OF NON-OUTFITTED VISITOR DAYS AND ESTIMATED NUMBER IN 2023 .............. 3-9

FIGURE 3.1-1. PACK AND SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTER-GUIDES AND 20-YEAR AVERAGE REPORTED SERVICE DAYS .... 3-11

FIGURE 3.2-1. WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT MODEL.................................................................................... 3-22

FIGURE 3.2-2. NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE PASAYTEN, AND NUMBER OF PACK AND SADDLE 

STOCK OUTFITTER-GUIDE SERVICE DAYS IN CURRENT PERMITS....................................................................... 3-38

FIGURE 3.2-3. APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF STOCK DAYS IN OUTFITTED AND NON-OUTFITTED PARTIES IN PASAYTEN 

ANNUALLY, AND PERCENT OF TOTAL.......................................................................................................... 3-39

FIGURE 3.2-4. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH, AND NUMBER 

OF OUTFITTER-GUIDE SERVICE DAYS IN CURRENT PERMITS............................................................................ 3-40

FIGURE 3.2-5. APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF STOCK DAYS IN OUTFITTED AND NON-OUTFITTED PARTIES IN THE LAKE 

CHELAN-SAWTOOTH ANNUALLY, AND PERCENT OF TOTAL ............................................................................. 3-40

FIGURE 3.2-6. PROBABILITY OF ENCOUNTERING NOT MORE THAN SEVEN PARTIES 

BY PASAYTEN TRAVEL CORRIDOR .............................................................................................................. 3-43

FIGURE 3.2-7. PROBABILITY OF ENCOUNTERING NOT MORE THAN SEVEN PARTIES BY LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH TRAVEL 

CORRIDOR............................................................................................................................................ 3-44

FIGURE 3.2-8. PERCENT OF ESTABLISHED CAMPSITES EXCEEDING 400, 1,000, AND 2,800 SQUARE FEET OF BARREN 

CORE AND WITH MORE THAN FOUR DAMAGED TREES IN PASAYTEN AND LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH..................... 3-47

FIGURE 3.2-9. ESTABLISHED CAMPS IN THE PASAYTEN USED BY OUTFITTER-GUIDES WITH OVER 2,800 SQUARE FEET OF 

BARREN CORE....................................................................................................................................... 3-47

FIGURE 3.2-10. ESTABLISHED CAMPS IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH USED BY OUTFITTER-GUIDES WITH OVER 2,800

SQUARE FEET OF BARREN CORE................................................................................................................ 3-49

FIGURE 3.2-11. COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE COMPONENTS BY ALTERNATIVE ............................................... 3-53

FIGURE 3.2-12. TOTAL VISITOR DAYS AND OUTFITTED DAYS IN THE PASAYTEN, COMPARING CURRENT TO 

ALTERNATIVES....................................................................................................................................... 3-55

FIGURE 3.2-13. TOTAL VISITOR DAYS IN PASAYTEN, BY ALTERNATIVE............................................................. 3-56

FIGURE 3.2-14. TOTAL NUMBER OF PACK AND SADDLE STOCK DAYS IN PASAYTEN, BY ALTERNATIVE .................... 3-56

FIGURE 3.2-15. APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF STOCK DAYS IN OUTFITTED AND NON-OUTFITTED PARTIES IN PASAYTEN 

ANNUALLY, AND PERCENT CHANGE FROM CURRENT..................................................................................... 3-57

FIGURE 3.2-16. TOTAL VISITOR DAYS AND OUTFITTED DAYS IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH, COMPARING CURRENT TO 

ALTERNATIVES....................................................................................................................................... 3-58

FIGURE 3.2-17. TOTAL RECREATION USE IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH, BY ALTERNATIVE.............................. 3-59

FIGURE 3.2-18. TOTAL NUMBER OF PACK AND SADDLE STOCK DAYS IN LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH,

BY ALTERNATIVE .................................................................................................................................... 3-59

FIGURE 3.2-19. APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF STOCK DAYS IN OUTFITTED AND NON-OUTFITTED PARTIES IN LAKE CHELANSAWTOOTH, ANNUALLY, AND PERCENT CHANGE FROM CURRENT.................................................................... 3-60

FIGURE 3.2-20. EXISTING AMOUNT OF BARREN CORE IN ESTABLISHED CAMPS EXCEEDING 2,800 AND AMOUNT THAT 

COULD BE USED BY OUTFITTERS IN EACH ALTERNATIVE.................................................................................. 3-61

FIGURE 3.2-21. RCO RECREATION PARTICIPATION PROJECTIONS AS A PERCENT OF CHANGE IN THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE 

PARTICIPATING IN THE FUTURE COMPARED TO 1999-2000 SURVEY RESULTS (IAC 2003).................................. 3-84

FIGURE 3.2-22. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE PASAYTEN, ESTIMATED INCREASE, AND 

FUTURE NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS........................................................................................................... 3-84

FIGURE 3.2-23. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH, ESTIMATED 

INCREASE, AND FUTURE NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS...................................................................................... 3-84

FIGURE 3.2-24. CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE PASAYTEN IN 2023,
Pack and Saddle Stock Outfitter-Guide Permit FEIS vi February 2013

Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest

BY ALTERNATIVE .................................................................................................................................... 3-85

FIGURE 3.2-25. CUMULATIVE RECREATION USE IN PASAYTEN BY 2023, OUTFITTED AND NON-OUTFITTED............ 3-86

FIGURE 3.2-26. NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS IN USER GROUP IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH IN 2023,

BY ALTERNATIVE .................................................................................................................................... 3-87

FIGURE 3.2-27. CUMULATIVE RECREATION USE IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH BY 2023, OUTFITTED AND NONOUTFITTED ........................................................................................................................................... 3-88

FIGURE 3.3-1. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN NORTH CASCADES AND NUMBER OF PACK AND 

SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTER-GUIDE SERVICE DAYS ....................................................................................... 3-113

FIGURE 3.3-2. NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS IN THE NORTH CASCADES BY ALTERNATIVE ...................................... 3-115

FIGURE 3.3-3. NUMBER OF NON-PACK AND SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTED VISITOR DAYS IN THE NORTH CASCADES 

CURRENTLY AND ANTICIPATED IN 2023.................................................................................................... 3-118

FIGURE 3.3-4. CUMULATIVE EFFECT ON VISITOR DAYS IN THE NORTH CASCADES SUB-AREA

WITH EACH ALTERNATIVE, COMPARED TO CURRENT, PROJECTED TO 2023 FOR ALL RECREATION USERS ............... 3-119

FIGURE 3.3-5. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE SAWTOOTH BACKCOUNTRY AND NUMBER 

OF PACK AND SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTER-GUIDE VISITOR DAYS..................................................................... 3-121

FIGURE 3.3-6. NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS AND SERVICE DAYS IN THE SAWTOOTH BACKCOUNTRY CURRENTLY AND BY 

ALTERNATIVE ...................................................................................................................................... 3-123

FIGURE 3.3-7. NUMBER OF NON-PACK AND SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTED VISITOR DAYS IN SAWTOOTH BACKCOUNTRY 

CURRENTLY AND IN 2023...................................................................................................................... 3-126

FIGURE 3.3-8. CUMULATIVE EFFECT ON VISITOR DAYS IN THE SAWTOOTH BACKCOUNTRY SUB-AREAWITH EACH 

ALTERNATIVE, COMPARED TO CURRENT, PROJECTED TO 2023 FOR ALL RECREATION USERS ............................... 3-127

FIGURE 3.3-9. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS IN BEAR/RAMSEY/VOLSTEAD BY USER GROUP AND NUMBER OF 

PACK AND SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTER-GUIDE VISITOR DAYS ......................................................................... 3-131

FIGURE 3.3-10. NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS IN BEAR/RAMSEY/VOLSTEAD AREA BY ALTERNATIVE....................... 3-132

FIGURE 3.3-11. NUMBER OF NON-PACK AND SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTED VISITOR DAYS IN BEAR/RAMSEY/VOLSTEAD 

CURRENTLY AND IN 2023...................................................................................................................... 3-134

FIGURE 3.3-12. CUMULATIVE EFFECT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS IN BEAR/RAMSEY/VOLSTEAD BY ALTERNATIVE .. 3-135

FIGURE 3.3-13. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE MIDDLE METHOW AREA,AND NUMBER OF 

PACK AND SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTER-GUIDE SERVICE DAYS......................................................................... 3-138

FIGURE 3.3-14. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE MIDDLE METHOW AREA .............. 3-139

FIGURE 3.3-15. NUMBER OF NON-PACK AND SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTED VISITOR DAYS IN MIDDLE METHOW

CURRENTLY AND IN 2023...................................................................................................................... 3-140

FIGURE 3.3-16. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS IN ALTA LAKE AREA BY USER GROUP, AND NUMBER OF SADDLE 

STOCK OUTFITTER-GUIDE SERVICE DAYS................................................................................................... 3-143

FIGURE 3.3-17. NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS IN THE ALTA LAKE AREA BY ALTERNATIVE ...................................... 3-144

FIGURE 3.3-18. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS IN ALTA LAKE AREA AND ESTIMATED NUMBER IN 2023 ..... 3-147

FIGURE 3.3-19. CUMULATIVE EFFECT ON VISITOR DAYS IN ALTA LAKE AREA WITH EACH ALTERNATIVE, COMPARED TO 

CURRENT, PROJECTED TO 2023 FOR ALL RECREATION USERS ....................................................................... 3-148

FIGURE 3.4-1. PERCENT OF ESTABLISHED CAMPSITES EXCEEDING 400 AND 1,000 SQUARE FEET OF BARREN CORE AND 

WITH MORE THAN FOUR DAMAGED TREES IN PASAYTEN AND LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH.................................. 3-155

FIGURE 3.4-2. ESTABLISHED CAMPS IN THE PASAYTEN USED BY OUTFITTER-GUIDES WITH OVER 2,800 SQUARE FEET OF 

BARREN CORE ..................................................................................................................................... 3-156

FIGURE 3.4-3. ESTABLISHED CAMPS IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH USED BY OUTFITTER-GUIDES WITH OVER 2,800

SQUARE FEET OF BARREN CORE .............................................................................................................. 3-157

FIGURE 3.4-4. ESTABLISHED CAMPS IN THE PASAYTEN USED BY OUTFITTER-GUIDES WITH OVER 2,800 SQUARE FEET OF 

BARREN CORE EXISTING, COMPARED TO AMOUNT AVAILABLE TO OUTFITTERS IN ALTERNATIVES......................... 3-163

FIGURE 3.4-5. ESTABLISHED CAMPS IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH USED BY OUTFITTER-GUIDES WITH OVER 2,800

SQUARE FEET OF BARREN CORE EXISTING, COMPARED TO AMOUNT AVAILABLE TO OUTFITTERS IN ALTERNATIVES... 3-164

FIGURE 3.5-1. PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL STANDARDS FOR WATER I N WILDERNESS AREAS .................................... 3-170

FIGURE 3.6-1. STREAMS BY 5

TH AND 6TH FIELD WATERSHEDS AND BY ANALYSIS AREA....................................... 3-187

FIGURE 3.6-2. STREAM SURVEYS WITHIN ANALYSIS AREA........................................................................... 3-188

FIGURE 3.6-3. NUMBER OF LAKES IN THE ANALYSIS AREA ........................................................................... 3-192
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FIGURE 3.6-4. RESULTS ON WATER ANALYSIS FOR LAKES WITHIN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH WILDERNESS ON THE 

CHELAN RANGER DISTRICT..................................................................................................................... 3-193

FIGURE 3.6-5. RESULTS OF WATER ANALYSIS FOR LAKES ON THE METHOW VALLEY RANGER DISTRICT ................ 3-194

FIGURE 3.6-6. FISH SPECIES BY CATEGORY PRESENT IN OR ADJACENT TO THE ANALYSIS AREA............................ 3-195

FIGURE 3.6-7. PRESENCE OF LISTED FISH SPECIES BY 5

TH FIELD WATERSHED................................................... 3-200

FIGURE 3.6-8. OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMPSITES ALONG SENSITIVE FISH STREAMS .............................................. 3-201

FIGURE 3.6-9. CHELAN RANGER DISTRICT PORTION OF THE ANALYSIS AREA STREAM/LAKE FISH DISTRIBUTION .... 3-201

FIGURE 3.6-10. ALTERNATIVE COMPARISON WITH EACH OF THE RMOS........................................................ 3-225

FIGURE 3.7-1. FIRE HISTORY HIGHLIGHTS FROM CIRCA 1900 THRU 2006..................................................... 3-254

FIGURE 3.8-1. SUMMARY OF MANAGEMENT INDICATOR SPECIES (MIS) FOR THE OKANOGAN AND WENATCHEE

NATIONAL FOREST PLANS...................................................................................................................... 3-272

FIGURE 3.8-2. PERCENT OF AREA IMPACTED BY OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMPS .................................................... 3-274

FIGURE 3.8-3. NUMBER OF CAMPS IN GRIZZLY BEAR CORE AREA, BY BMU................................................... 3-300

FIGURE 3.8-4. SENSITIVE INVERTEBRATE SPECIES ON OKANOGAN-WENATCHEE NATIONAL FOREST SERVICE......... 3-318

FIGURE 3.9-1. ESTABLISHED, NEW, AND POTENTIAL INVADERS IN OF ADJACENT TO ANALYSIS AREA.................... 3-323

FIGURE 3.9-2. EXISTING NEW INVADER AND POTENTIAL INVADER NOXIOUS WEED CHARACTERISTICS ................. 3-324

FIGURE 3.9-3. ACRES OF TREATMENT ACCOMPLISHED ANNUALLY IN THE ANALYSIS AREA ................................. 3-325

FIGURE 3.9-4. NEW INVADER WEEDS ESTABLISHED AT TRAILHEADS ............................................................. 3-327

FIGURE 3.9-5. WEED SITES IN ANALYSIS AREA.......................................................................................... 3-328

FIGURE 3.10-1. FORAGE UTILIZATION MONITORING RESULTS IN THE PASAYTEN WILDERNESS ........................... 3-350

FIGURE 3.10-2. STREAMBANK DISTURBANCE MONITORING RESULTS IN THE PASAYTEN WILDERNESS.................. 3-351

FIGURE 3.11-1. BASIC ECONOMIC DATA FOR OKANOGAN COUNTY (2009 DATA)........................................... 3-361

FIGURE 3.11-2. CURRENT CONTRIBUTION OF PACK AND SADDLE STOCK OUTFITTER-GUIDES AND TOTAL OKANOGAN 

COUNTY ECONOMY .............................................................................................................................. 3-362

FIGURE 3.11-3. PERCENT OF TOTAL WILDERNESS VISITS AND OUTFITTER-GUIDE CLIENTS BY AGE CLASS ............. 3-363

FIGURE 3.11-4. PERCENT CHANGE IN NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN AGE CLASSES IN 2010 AND 2020........................ 3-363

FIGURE 3.11-5. SUMMARY OF PERMITTED DAYS AND ECONOMY-WIDE CONTRIBUTION OF CURRENT NUMBER OF 

SERVICE DAYS AND BY ALTERNATIVE, COMPARED TO OKANOGAN COUNTY ECONOMY....................................... 3-364

FIGURE 3.11-6. ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF ALTERNATIVE 2 TO OKANOGAN COUNTY COMPARED TO EFFECT OF 

CURRENT SERVICE DAYS........................................................................................................................ 3-365

FIGURE 3.11-7. ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF ALTERNATIVE 3 TO OKANOGAN COUNTY COMPARED TO EFFECT OF

CURRENT SERVICE DAYS........................................................................................................................ 3-365

FIGURE 3.11-8. ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF ALTERNATIVE 4 TO OKANOGAN COUNTY COMPARED TO EFFECT OF

CURRENT SERVICE DAYS........................................................................................................................ 3-366

FIGURE 3.11-9. CUMULATIVE OTHER AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION BY 

ALTERNATIVE ...................................................................................................................................... 3-368

FIGURE 3.13-1. UNAVOIDABLE IMPACTS ................................................................................................. 3-380

APPENDIX A. CURRENT OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMPS AND CONDITIONS

FIGURE A-1. OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMPSITES IN PASAYTEN WILDERNESS ...............................................APPENDIX A-1

FIGURE A-2. OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMPSITES IN LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH WILDERNESS..........................APPENDIX A-5

FIGURE A-3. OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMPSITES IN NORTH CASCADES SUB-AREA........................................APPENDIX A-9

FIGURE A-4. OUTFITTER-GUIDE CAMPSITES IN SAWTOOTH BACKCOUNTRY.........................................APPENDIX A-10

APPENDIX B. NEEDS ASSESSMENT

FIGURE B-1. CATEGORIES OF NEED AND CRITERIA TO DETERMINE NEED ..............................................APPENDIX B-5

FIGURE B-2. ANALYSIS OF NEED...................................................................................................APPENDIX B-7

FIGURE B-3. RCO RECREATION PARTICIPATION PROJECTIONS AS A PERCENT OF CHANGE IN NUMBER OF PEOPLE 

PARTICIPATING IN THE FUTURE COMPARED TO 1999-2000 SURVEY RESULTS .......................................APPENDIX B-9

FIGURE B-4. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE PASAYTEN, ESTIMATED INCREASE, AND 

FUTURE NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS...............................................................................................APPENDIX B-9

FIGURE B-5. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH, ESTIMATED 

INCREASE, AND FUTURE NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS..........................................................................APPENDIX B-9
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FIGURE B-6. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE PASAYTEN, AND NUMBER OF OUTFITTERGUIDE SERVICE DAYS IN CURRENT PERMITS ..................................................................................APPENDIX B-10

FIGURE B-7. NUMBER OF OUTFITTER-GUIDE ACTUAL USE SERVICE DAYS BY YEAR AND ACTIVITY

IN THE PASAYTEN .....................................................................................................................APPENDIX B-11

FIGURE B-8. NUMBER OF SERVICE DAYS BY ACTIVITY AND YEAR IN THE PASAYTEN WILDERNESS .............APPENDIX B-12

FIGURE B-9. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH, AND NUMBER OF 

OUTFITTER-GUIDE SERVICE DAYS IN CURRENT PERMITS ..................................................................APPENDIX B-13

FIGURE B-10. NUMBER OF OUTFITTER-GUIDE SERVICE DAYS BY YEAR AND ACTIVITY 

IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH................................................................................................APPENDIX B-14

FIGURE B-11. NUMBER OF SERVICE DAYS BY ACTIVITY AND YEAR IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH........APPENDIX B-15

FIGURE B-12. COMPARISON OF ACTUAL USE TO AUTHORIZED USE BY ACTIVITY AND YEAR 

IN THE PASAYTEN .....................................................................................................................APPENDIX B-17

FIGURE B-13. OUTFITTER-GUIDE ACTUAL USE AND AUTHORIZED USE IN PASAYTEN.............................APPENDIX B-18

FIGURE B-14. COMPARISON OF ACTUAL USE TO AUTHORIZED USE BY ACTIVITY AND YEAR 

IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH................................................................................................APPENDIX B-19

FIGURE B-15. OUTFITTER-GUIDE ACTUAL USE AND AUTHORIZED USE 

IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH................................................................................................APPENDIX B-20

FIGURE B-16. WILDERNESSES IN WASHINGTON STATE WITHIN 300 DRIVING MILES OF THE PASAYTEN AND LAKE 

CHELAN-SAWTOOTH WILDERNESS AREAS .....................................................................................APPENDIX B-20

FIGURE B-17. PROBABILITY OF ENCOUNTERING NOT MORE THAN SEVEN PARTIES 

BY PASAYTEN TRAVEL CORRIDOR.................................................................................................APPENDIX B-34

FIGURE B-18. PROBABILITY OF ENCOUNTERING NOT MORE THAN SEVEN PARTIES BY LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH TRAVEL 

CORRIDOR ..............................................................................................................................APPENDIX B-35

FIGURE B-19. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE PASAYTEN, AND HIGHEST NEED 2001

THROUGH 2011 ......................................................................................................................APPENDIX B-37

FIGURE B-20. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH AND HIGHEST 

NEED 2001 THROUGH 2011 .....................................................................................................APPENDIX B-37

FIGURE B-21. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE PASAYTEN, ESTIMATED INCREASE, AND 

FUTURE NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS .............................................................................................APPENDIX B-38

FIGURE B-22. CURRENT NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS BY USER GROUP IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH, ESTIMATED 

INCREASE, AND FUTURE NUMBER OF VISITOR DAYS ........................................................................APPENDIX B-39

FIGURE B-23. PERCENT OF TOTAL WILDERNESS VISITS AND OUTFITTER-GUIDE CLIENTS BY AGE CLASS ....APPENDIX B-39

FIGURE B-24. PERCENT CHANGE IN NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN AGE CLASSES IN 2010 AND 2020...............APPENDIX B-40

FIGURE B-25. MINIMUM EXTENT NECESSARY CALCULATIONS FOR PASAYTEN WILDERNESS ...................APPENDIX B-42

FIGURE B-26. MINIMUM EXTEND NECESSARY CALCULATIONS FOR LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH ................APPENDIX B-42

FIGURE B-27. RECOMMENDED DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICE DAYS BETWEEN PRIORITY AND TEMPORARY USE BY ACTIVITY 

AND RANGE IN THE PASAYTEN ....................................................................................................APPENDIX B-43

FIGURE B-28. RECOMMENDED DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICE DAYS BETWEEN PRIORITY AND TEMPORARY USE BY ACTIVITY 

AND RANGE IN THE LAKE CHELAN-SAWTOOTH...............................................................................APPENDIX B-43

APPENDIX G. AQUATIC HABITAT PARAMETERS & STREAM SURVEY DATA

FIGURE G-1. AQUATIC HABITAT PARAMETERS FOR MAJOR FISH BEARING STREAMS.............................. APPENDIX G-1

FIGURE G-2. STREAM SURVEYS COMPLETED IN A 2000 FIELD TRIP TO THE REMMEL/SPANISH CAMP AREA OF THE 

PASAYTEN WILDERNESS ............................................................................................................. APPENDIX G-5

APPENDIX H. FIFTH AND SIXTH FIELD WATERSHEDS IN ANALYSIS AREA

FIGURE H-1. FIFTH AND SIXTH FIELD WATERSHED IN ANALYSIS AREA................................................ APPENDIX H-1

APPENDIX I. WETLANDS WITHIN 500 FEET OF CAMPSITES

FIGURE I-1. MAPPED WETLANDS WITHIN 500 FOOT RADIUS OF CAMPSITES .........................................APPENDIX I-1
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APPENDIX J. SENSITIVE SPECIES HABITAT

FIGURE J-1. REGION 6 REGIONAL FORESTER SPECIAL STATUS SPECIES DOCUMENTED OF SUSPECTED TO OCCUR ON THE 

OKANOGAN-WENATCHEE NATIONAL FOREST...................................................................................APPENDIX J-1

FIGURE J-2. REGION 6 SURVEY AND MANAGE SPECIES (2011) DOCUMENTED OF SUSPECTED 

ON THE FOREST ........................................................................................................................APPENDIX J-10

APPENDIX K. SENSITIVE SPECIES WITHIN 500 FEET OF CAMPSITES

FIGURE K-1. SPECIES ON THE REGIONAL ISSSP LISTS WITHIN 500 FT OF OUTFITTER CAMPS....................APPENDIX H-1

APPENDIX L. SURVEY AND MANAGE TRACKING FORM: BOTANY SPECIES SURVEY AND SITE MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

FIGURE L-1. SURVEY AND MANAGE BOTANY SPECIES ....................................................................... APPENDIX L-2
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