LOUIS S. KORNICK Ostracoda (Myodocopina

from the Peru-Chile

Trench and the

Antarctic Ocean

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1969 NUMBER 32
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 32

Louis s. Komicker Ostracoda (Myodocopina)

from the Peru-Chile

Trench and the

Antarctic Ocean

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON

I97O
ABSTRACT

Kornicker, Louis S. Ostracoda (Myodocopina) from the Peru-Chile Trench and

the Antarctic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 32:1-42. 1970.—

Myodocopid ostracods collected on cruise 11 of the RV Anton Bruun to the Peru-Chile

Trench in 1965 are described, including four new species. Also described are two

new species of the genus Spinacopia from Antarctica collected in 1964 on cruises 11

and 12 of the RV Eltanin. A supplementary description is given of the holotype of

Azygocypridina imperator (Brady, 1880), the type-species of the genus.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year

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For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 50 cents (paper cover)
Louis S. Kornicker Ostracoda (Myodocopina)

from the Peru-Chile

Trench and the

Antarctic Ocean

Ostracoda from oceanic trench systems are not well

known. Rudjakov (1961a, 1961b, 1962) described several new species from the Kurile-Kamtchatka Trench

area and the Java Trench. Poulsen (1962) described

the new genus of myodocopid ostracod, Hadacypridina, from the Kermadec Deep. On cruise 11 of the RV

Anton Bruun, deep-sea benthic organisms were collected from the Peru-Chile Trench system. The distribution and number of ostracods collected in benthic

trawls during that cruise are listed in Table I, in order

of increasing sample depth.

The Myodocopina in the samples consist of six species (four new species and two designated as species

A and species B); these are described herein. The

species and depths at which they were collected are

listed below:

Station PeruChile Trench

90

92

101

105

157

196

Depth m

991-1015

1411-1450

1927-1997

2504-2414

3994-4364

4516-4383

Species

Eu.philomed.es rhabdion

Azygocypridina rudjakovi

Metavargula ampla, Spinacopia torus

Synasterope species A

Spinacopia torus

Synasterope species B

One of the new species from the Peru-Chile Trench

area is a member of the recently established genus

Spinacopia (Kornicker, 1969a). Two additional

species of this genus are described herein from material

collected by the RV Eltanin in the Antarctic Ocean at

the following two stations:

Cruise

12

11

Station

1003

931

Lat. S

62°41'

70°ll'

Long. W

54°43'

106°38'

Depth m

210-222

3495

Date

15 March 1964

20 January 1964

Species

Spinacopia antarctica

Spinacopia octo

In addition, I have taken the opportunity to give a

supplementary description of the holotype of Azygocypridina imperator (Brady, 1880), the type-species of

the genus, which is presently in the collections of the

British Museum (Natural History).

I wish to thank personnel of the RV Anton Bruun

and RV Eltanin by whose efforts the ostracods described herein were made available for study. The

ostracods from the Anton Bruun were transferred to

me by Dr. Richard Benson, who had received them

from Dr. Robert J. Menzies, chief scientist of cruise

Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Invertebrate Zoology,

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

11. Podocopida and Platycopida have been returned to

Dr. Benson. I also thank Mrs. Carolyn Bartlett Gast

for the shaded drawings of carapaces and for preparing

all figures for publication from my penciled camera

lucida drawings except figure 10 which was prepared

by Mr. Jack Schroeder. Criticisms of all or parts of the

manuscript by Dr. Kenneth G. McKenzie, Dr. Joseph

Rosewater, and Dr. Thomas E. Bowman are deeply

appreciated. I also thank Dr. McKenzie for arranging

for a loan of the holotype of Azygocypridina imperator

from the British Museum (Natural History). Anton

Bruun and Eltanin cruises were financed by the National Science Foundation.

1
2 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 1.—Distribution and number of Ostracoda in samples from Peru Chile Trench system, RV Anton Bruun, cruise 11.

Myodocopida Podocopida

Station Date, 1965 Lat. S Long. Depth m • Temp. ;— ;

W • °Ce Myodocopina Halocypridina Cladocopina Platycopina Podocopina

85

90

92

4

101

105

111

169

157

95

196

59

179

36

109

113

14 Oct.

14 Oct.

14 Oct.

2 Oct.

16 Oct.

17 Oct.

18 Oct.

2 Nov.

28 Oct.

15 Oct.

7 Nov.

9 Oct.

5 Oct.

5 Oct.

17 Oct.

19 Oct.

7

C

T

8

C

3

C

8

C

8<

8<

8

12

8

9

6

8

5

8

8

53'

59'

10'

46'

13'

15'

'23'

'46'

>03'

'31'

'01'

'46'

'54'

343'

'22'

D44'

80°30'

80°37'

81°49'

81°32'

81°09'

80°44'

80°45'

80°44'

78°48'

81°40'

80°40'

82°11'

80°41'

82°01'

80°43'

80°45'

520-520 7.0

991-1015 4. 7

1411-1450 2

ca. 1500 :-

1927-1997 S

2504-2514

3086-3202

3909-3970

3994-4364

4332-4423

4516-4555

4526-4609

4823-4925

5047

5123-2571'

6060

. 3

i. 3

. 3

.8

.8

.8

.8

. 8

1.8

.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1

1

24

1

2*

8

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

» Position and depth data to be considered tentative (Menzies and Chin, 1966).

b

 Polycope species.

<= Cytherella species.

<• X=Podocopina present.

e

 Temperature estimated from Figure 5 in Menzies and Chin

(1966).

' Depth range given is correct (Menzies, written communication, 1968).

« One of these specimens is described by Kornicker (1969b).

Order MYODOCOPIDA Pokorny, 1953

Suborder MYODOCOPINA Sars, 1866

Family CYPRIDINIDAE Baird, 1850

Included herein in the Cypridinidae are two subfamilies, Cypridininae and Azygocypridininae. Recognition

of a separate subfamily for the genus Azygocypridina

was suggested by Skogsberg (1920, p. 196) when the

genus was known as Crossophorus, before the name

was found to be a junior homonyn by Sylvester-Bradley (1950). Species in the A2ygocypridininae are readily distinguishable from those in the Cypridininae by

having 18 or more claws on each furcal lamella and

in having claw 1 offset from the remaining claws.

Subfamily CYPRIDININAE Baird, 1850

In his comprehensive diagnosis of the Cypridininae,

Skogsberg (1920, pp. 179-187) clearly stated how the

genus Crossophorus ( = Azygocypridina) differs from

the other genera in the Cypridininae. Therefore, a new

diagnosis of the Cypridininae is not presented here.

Metavargula, new genus

ETYMOLOGY.—Meta from latin meaning "conical or

pyramidal figure" in reference to cone-shape medial

eye. Gender: feminine.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Metavargula ampla, described

herein.

This genus has been established to include a new

species, M. ampla, and the species M. optilus, which

Kornicker (1968) referred to Bathyvargula Poulsen,

1962. In order to include M. optilus in the genus Bathyvargula, Kornicker (1968) amended the original description of Bathyvargula by Poulsen (1962, p. 215).

With the discovery of a second species it is expedient to

retain Bathyvargula as originally delimited and to establish a new genus to include both species.

Known species of the genus are from deep water.

Metavargula optilus was collected at 1000-1200 m in

the Gulf of Mexico; M. ampla at 1927-1997 m in the

Pacific Ocean.

DIAGNOSIS OF FEMALE (male unknown).—Carapace

fairly short, height 54—60 percent of length; carapaces

of known two species large, length 3.6-4.65 mm; anterior with broadly rounded rostrum and deep, fairly
NUMBER 3 2

broad incisur; posterior with elongate caudal process

below valve middle; surface smooth, but minute reticulations or pores apparent under high magnification; infold behind rostrum with 20-24 short bristles plus 1

long bristle proximal on list; list anterior to caudal

process with 18-29 backward-pointing processes;

lamellar prolongation broad along lower margin of

incisur, narrow elsewhere.

First antenna: Sensory bristle of 5th joint with 10

long proximal filaments, 2 slender distal filaments and

bifurcate tip.

Second antenna: Protopodite with short bare

medial bristle. Endopodite 2- or 3-jointed: 1st joint

with 3 or 4 bare proximal bristles, 1 long and 2 or 3

short, and 1 long distal bristle; end joint with long terminal sensory bristle; 3rd joint, where present, only

slightly wider than base of bristle, but separated from

bristle by suture; when 3rd joint present, 2nd joint

bare; same specimen may contain endopodites with

both 2 and 3 joints. Exopodite: joints 2-9 with basal

spines, spines smaller on proximal joints; bristles of

joints 3-9 with natatory bristles and without spines;

bristle of 2nd joint reaching 7th or 8th joint and with

5-15 spines on ventral margin, 0-14 spines on dorsal

margin, and stout spine near tip; 9th joint with 4

bristles, 3 long, 1 short.

Mandible: Terminal spines of coxale endite spinous and separated by small conical process. Medial

bristle of terminal ventral pair on 2nd endopodite joint

broad and with teeth on inner margin.

Maxilla: Cutting edge of 1st joint of endopodite

with 3 teeth; longest a-bristle slender, with pointed tip

and long marginal spines; limb similar to that of

Bathyvargula.

Fifth limb: Small process between 4th and 5th

joints spinous—a similar spined process has been reported on Vargula hilgendorfi (Poulsen, 1962, p. 181)

and Cypridina nobilis (Cleve, 1908, pi. IX: fig. 22).

Sixth limb: 2 or 3 small bristles present in place of

epipodial appendage; 3rd and 4th endites without medial bristles; end joint broad posteriorly.

Seventh limb: Each limb with 13-24 cleaning

bristles; terminus with comb of 8-11 elongate, spinous

teeth with digitate tips opposing recurved peg with

marginal spines.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws separated from

lamella by suture; 2nd claw almost same length as first,

each remaining claw smaller than previous claw.

Brushlike organ: Consisting of numerous (8-12)

minute bristles in vicinity of genitalia.

Upper lip: Anterior part unpaired and with crenulate margin; posterior part with 1 pair of tusks.

Lateral eye: Minute.

Medial eye and rod-shaped organ: Medial eye large,

cone-shaped; rod-shaped organ short.

COMPARISONS.—Metavargula is closely related to

Vargula, Paravargula, and Bathyvargula. Vargula

differs from Metavargula in having one or more

furcal claws separated from the lamella, well-developed lateral eyes, and a distal bristle on the middle joint

of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna. Paravargula

differs from Metavargula in having a 1-jointed endopodite on the 2nd antenna, well-developed lateral eyes,

and in not having a broad, toothed, medial bristle distally on the ventral margin of the 2nd endpodite joint

of the mandible. Bathyvargula differs from Metavargula in having only 1 spine on the bristle of die 2nd

exopodite joint of the 2nd antenna, and an endopodite on the 2nd antenna limited to no more than 2

joints. Known species of Bathyvargula have only 8 furcal claws.

Metavargula ampla, new species

FIGURES 1—4

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 123646, valves and some appendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on slides,

9 with unextruded eggs. Length 4.65 mm, height

2.62 mm.

PARATYPES.—USNM 123647, 9 , valves and some

appendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on

slides; length 4.65 mm, height 2.70 mm. USNM

123648, 14 juveniles: lengths and heights in millimeters as follows: 3.70, 2.14; 3.01, 1.67; 2.70, 1.61;

2.15, 1.26; 2.08, 1.19; 2.05, 1.19; 1.38, 0.77; 1.64, 0.96:

1.64, 0.97; 1.39, 0.79; 1.63, 0.87; lengths only: 2.04;

1.33; 1.46.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Pacific Ocean, Peru-Chile Trench

system, lat. 08°13'S, long. 81°09'W; bottom depth

1927-1997 m; estimated temperature 2.3°C; station

101, cruise l\,KV Anton Bruun, 16October 1965. Collected in small bottom trawl by R. J. Menzies. Paratypes collected in same sample as holotype.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is from the Latin

am plus: large, in reference to the great size of the

specimen.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 1.—Metavargula ampla Kornicker, USNM 123646, length 4.65 mm. Carapace: a, right

lateral view of complete carapace (bubble trapped between valves behind incisur); b, anterior

left valve, medial view; c, caudal process left valve, medial view; d, detail of "c"; e, caudal

process right valve, medial view; /, detail of "e." (Same magnification: b, c, e; d, f. Bars in figures

represent 100 microns.)
NUMBER 3 2

FIGURE 2.—Metavargula ampla, USNM 123646: a, 1st antenna; b, detail of "a"; c, mandible;

d, tip of 7th limb; e, upper lip, anterior to left; f, medial eye and rod-shaped organ. (Same magnification: a, e; b, f. Bars in figures represent 100 microns.)
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

3.—Metavargula ampla Kornicker. Carapace: a, anterior right valve, medial view;

b, interior left valve, medial view; c, central muscle scars on left valve, lateral view; d, marginal

porc canals at tip of caudal process right valve, medial view. Second antenna: e, endopodite, left

valve, medial view; f, endopodite, right valve, medial view; g, tip of bristle on 2nd joint of

exopodite; h, bristle on protopodite, medial view. Mandible: i, medial bristle of terminal group

on 2nd endopodite joint, medial viev; ;, tip of coxale endite, medial view. Maxilla: k, exopodite

ancj p^rt of endopodite, lateral view; /, alpha bristles. (Figures c, d, f, i, j , k from USNM 123646;

figure* a> b, e, g, h, I from USNM 123647. Same magnification, in microns: c; a, b, d, k, I;
NUMBER 3 2

FIGURE 4.—Metavargula ampla Kornicker: a, Distal part left 5th limb, posterior view; b, left 6th

limb, lateral view; c, abnormal bristle on end joint of right 6th limb; d, left furcal lamella, lateral

view; e, medial eye, rod-shaped organ, and proximal joints of left 1st antenna; /, rod-shaped

organ; g, upper lip, lateral view; h, brushlike bristles and Y-shaped sclerite of furca, left lateral

view; i, genitalia, ventral view, anterior on bottom; j , right lateral eye. (Figures a-c, h from

USNM 123646; figures d, g, i, j from USNM 123647. Same scale, in microns b, d, e, g, i, j ;

a,c,f,h.)

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (male unknown).—Shape

(Figure la) : Carapace oval in lateral view with

greatest height near middle; anterior with broadly

rounded rostrum and fairly deep incisur (Figures \a, b;

3a, b); posterior with elongate caudal process below

valve middle (Figures \c-e).

Ornamentation: Surface smooth, but with minute

punctae apparent under high magnification; shell

translucent under transmitted light except for a more

opaque dorsal-ventral band near middle; surface hairs

and spines not present. (Outer surfaces of valves of

USNM 123646 and USNM 123647 have linear rows

of minute ovals, possibly protozoans; no microconcretions present.)

356-600 O—68 2

Infold: Infold broad in area of rostrum and caudal

process, narrower elsewhere; infold behind rostrum

with 20-24 bristles plus 1 long proximal bristle on list

(Figures 3a, b) ; 2 bristles and transparent process

present on inner curvature of incisur; anteroventral

and ventral infold with about 50 short bristles fairly

equally spaced from incisur to caudal process; list in

front of caudal process with 25-29 blunt, backwardpointing processes (Figures ic-f); list on inner margin

of posteroventral infold raised forming groove between

list and outer margin of infold; caudal process with

prominent radial pore canals (Figure 3d).

Selvage: Finely striate lamellar prolongation with

smooth outer edge present along anterior and ventral
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

margins of carapace; prolongation broadest along

lower margin of incisur (Figures 3a, b).

Muscle scars: Central muscle scars in anteroventral

part of shell consisting of about 10 clusters containing

total of about 40 individual scars (Figure 3c).

Size: USNM 123646—length 4.65 mm, height 2.62

mm; USNM 123647—length 4.65 mm, height 2.70.

First antenna (Figures 2a, b): Surfaces of 2nd and

3rd joints spinous; 3rd and 4th joints each with dorsal

and ventral bristle; sensory bristle of 5th joint with

10 long stout proximal filaments, 2 shorter, narrow distal filaments, and bifurcate tip; medial bristle of 6th

joint longer than joint and with few marginal spines.

Seventh joint: a-bristle with few marginal spines and

about same length as bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle with

4 or 5 short, narrow filaments; c-bristle with 10 filaments. Eighth joint: d- and e-bristles bare, with digitate

tips, and about one-half length of c-bristle; f- and

g-bristles with 10-13 filaments and bifurcate tip; some

filaments of c-, f-, and g-bristles with marginal teeth

(c-bristle broken on both limbs of holotype).

Second antenna: Protopodite with short bare medial bristle (Figure 3h). Endopodite 2- or 3-jointed

(Figures 3e, f): 1st joint with 1 long and 3 short proximal bristles and 1 long distal bristle; end joint with

long terminal sensory bristle; 3rd joint, where present,

only slightly wider than base of bristle, but separated

from bristle by suture (same specimen may have endopodites with both 2 and 3 joints). Exopodite: joints

2-9 with basal spines, spines smaller on proximal

joints; bristles of joints 3-9 with natatory bristles and

without spines; 9th joint with 4 bristles, 3 long, 1 short;

distal margins of joints 2-8 with minute teeth in row;

bristle of 2nd joint reaching 8th joint and with stout

spine near tip (Figure 3g); distribution of smaller

spines on bristle of 2nd joint of two specimens is as

follows:

Specimen

USNM 123646

USNM 123646

USNM 123647

USNM 123647

limb

left

right

left

right

dorsal spines

0

14

2

3

ventral spines

5

15

14

12

Mandible (Figure 2c): Coxale endite spinose with

2 stout terminal spines with marginal teeth (Figure

3;); triangular peg present between terminal spines;

short process present at base of endite; dorsal margin

of basale with 1 bristle distal to middle and 2 terminal.

Bristles of ventral margin of basale: 2 medial a-bristles,

1 long with short marginal spines, and 1 short, bare;

1 short, bare, lateral b-bristle slightly distal to a-bristles;

2 c-bristles, 1 short, bare, other long, spinous; 2

d-bristles, 1 medium with few short spines, other

long with long spines. Exopodite about same length as

1st endopodite joint, and with 2 bristles, spinose proximal bristle longer than bare distal bristle; tip of exopodite hirsute. Endopodite: ventral margin of 1st joint

with 2 long, spinous bristles and 2 short bristles, 1 bare,

1 spinous; ventral margin of 2nd joint spinous and with

3 groups of bristles having 1,1, and 2 bristles, all short;

medial bristle of terminal group broad and with teeth

along inner margin (Figure 3t); dorsal margin of 2nd

joint spinous and with 7 long bristles and about 16

short, pectinate bristles; end joint with 3 claws and 3 or

4 bristles. (Endopodite of right mandible of USNM

123646 aberrant in having only 2 groups of bristles

on ventral margin of 1st joint: 1st group with 1 bristle,

2nd with 2, the latter group subterminal, not terminal

as on normal limb.)

Maxilla (Figure 3k): Epipodial appendage rounded

with marginal hairs; coxale with stout plumose bristle;

exopodite broad with 3 bristles of about equal length,

proximal bristle and outer terminal bristle plumose,

inner terminal bristle with a few spines; endopodite

1st joint with 2 a-bristles (Figure 3/), 1 long and slender with long marginal spines, other somewhat shorter

and with a few short spines.

Fifth limb (Figure 4a): Epipodial appendage with

56 bristles; distoanterior process on protopodite short

and lobate; main tooth with peg and 6 pectinate teeth

plus proximal bristle; inner lobe of 3rd joint with

short plumose proximal bristle and 2 terminal bristles,

inner with few marginal spines, outer bristle bare;

outer lobe of 3rd joint with 2 bristles, inner bristle with

short spines, outer bristle hirsute; 4th and 5th joints

not separated by suture; 4th joint with 2 spinous bristles, 5th joint with 5 bristles; process between 4th and

5th joints spinous; surface of joints 3-5 hirsute.

Sixth limb (Figure 46): 3 short bare bristles in place

of epipodial appendage; 1st endite with 3 bristles, 2

short medial and 1 long terminal; 2nd endite with 4

or 5 bristles, 2 or 3 short medial and 2 long terminal;

3rd and 4th endites each with 3 terminal bristles; end

joint (USNM 123647) with 18 bristles on left limb

and 16 (including 1 bristle forked distally, Figure \c)

on right limb; distolateral margin of end joint with

long spines; medial surface of end joint hirsute. Small

space present on end joint between posterior 3 bristles
NUMBER 3 2

and bristles anterior to them (end joints missing on

both limbs of holotype).

Seventh limb (Figure 2d): Terminal comb with

about 11 elongate teeth with digitate tips; elongate

incurved peg opposing comb; teeth and peg annulate

and with marginal spines. Each limb with 11-16 distal

bristles, each with 4 bells, and 6-8 proximal bristles,

each with 3-5 bells; total bristles 17-24. Distribution

of bristles on two specimens is as follows:

distal bristles proximal bristles

total

Specimen limb dorsal ventral dorsal ventral bristles

USNM 123646 left 7 4 3 3 17

USNM 123646 right 8 6 4 3 21

USNM 123647 left 8 8 4 4 24

USNM 123647 right 7 7 5 3 22

Furca (Figure 4rf) : Each lamella with 9 claws

separated from lamella by suture; 2nd claw almost

same length as 1st, each remaining claw smaller than

previous claw; lateral and medial spines in row along

concave margin of each claw; a few minute spines

present along anterior margin of each lamella.

Genitalia and brushlike organ: Genitalia with attached ovoid structures (spermatophores?) (Figure

4z). Brushlike cluster of about 12 minute bristles

present in vicinity of genitalia (Figure Ah).

Upper lip (Figures 2e, Ag) : Anterior part unpaired

and with crenulate margin; 1 pair of posterior tusks

present; posterior margin of lip hirsute.

Lateral eye (Figure 4;) : Eyes small, pigmented,

each with about 5 ommatophores.

Medial eye and rod-shaped organ (Figures 2f, Ae) :

Medial eye large, cone-shaped; rod-shaped organ short,

tapering slightly distally (Figure 4/).

Eggs: Holotype with about 26 minute eggs with

distinct nuclei present inside body, none in brood

chamber.

Parasites: USNM 123646 contained within its shell

a female copepod (Choniostomatidae).

COMPARISONS.—This species is considerably larger

than M. optilus, length 4.65 mm compared to 3.65-

3.70 mm. The 7th limb contains a total of 17-24

bristles compared to only 13 for M. optilus. The endopodites of the 2nd antennae of the unique specimen

of M. optilus contain 2 joints, whereas, one endopodite

of each of the 2 specimens described herein is distinctly 3-jointed.

Subfamily AZYGOCYPRIDININAE, new name

Crossophorinae Skogsberg, 1920, p. 196

This subfamily contains one genus, Azygocypridina.

DIAGNOSIS OF SUBFAMILY.—Carapace large (length

4-15.5 mm), oval in lateral view with small rostrum

and incisur and without caudal process; ornamentation lacking except for minute punctae.

First antenna: Joints 2-4 with numerous bristles;

b- and c-bristles on 7th joint of male without suctorial

organs of Cypridininae type, but with numerous filaments having spoonlike tips probably having a suctorial function.

Second antenna: Bristle on 2nd joint of exopodite

with numerous natatory secondary hairs; 9th joint

of exopodite with more than 4 bristles; endopodite 3-

jointed, that of male with 3rd joint reflexed.

Mandible: Coxale endite strongly bifurcate in both

sexes; coxale without bristles (Brady, 1880, pi. 38:

fig. 6, misinterpreted basale bristles to be on coxale) ;

2 stout pectinate bristles present on proximal ventral

margin of basale adjacent to coxale endite; ventral

margin of basale also with 1 long bristle near middle

and many (about 16) proximal bristles; dorsal margin

of basale with numerous (about 12) bristles forming

row extending onto medial surface and 2 stout subterminal bristles; ventral margin of 1st joint of endopodite with 7 bristles; dorsal margin of 2nd joint with

numerous bristles.

Fifth limb: 5th joint of exopodite divided into 2

lobes.

Sixth limb: End joint divided into large anterior

and small posterior lobe. Azygocypridina grimaldi

Granata may not have a posterior lobe (see Granata

and Caporiacco, 1949, pi. II: fig. 8).

Furca: Distal claw (claw 1) offset from ventral

margin of lamella; known species with total of 18-28

claws; slender claws placed between and following

stout claws.

?Brushlike organ: Elongate process with 10 or 11

bristles present at base of copulatory limbs.

Rod-shaped organ: Small, pear-shaped.

Lateral eyes: Hirsute, flaplike, without ommatophores.

Genus Azygocypridina Sylvester-Bradley, 1950

TYPE-SPECIES.—Crossophorus imperator Brady.

1880=Azygocypridina imperator (Brady): SylvesterBradley, 1950.
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Species in the genus Azygocypridina may be subdivided into three groups delimited by the morphology

of the tip of the 7th limb.

Group I, the A. imperator group, bears on the tip

of the 7th limb a stout jaw opposing either short teeth,

long recurved teeth, or long "fingerlike" processes.

This group contains A. imperator (Brady), A. imperialis (Stebbing), A. species McKenzie, A. grimaldi

(Granata), and A. ajricanus (Stebbing).

Group II, the A. gibber group, bears on the tip of

the 7th limb only long recurved fingerlike processes,

no jaw is present. This group contains A. gibber (Miiller), A. birsteini Rudjakov, and A. species Rudjakov.

Group III, the A. rudjakovi group, has a 7th limb

without a jaw or fingerlike processes at its tip. This

group contains only A. rudjakovi.

Distribution of Species in Azygocypridina

Species

A. imperator

A. imperialis

A. ajricanus

A. gibber

A. grimaldi

A. birsteini and

A. species

A. species

A. rudjakovi

A. species

Locality

South Pacific, east of New Zealand, lat.

4O°28'S, long. 177°43'E

North Atlantic, west of Ireland, lat. 55°1 l'N,

long. 11°31'W

South tip of Africa

Indonesia near Celebe3, lat. 5°S, long.

120°E

North Atlantic, near Spain, lat. 43°45'30"N,

long. 9°41'W

North Pacific, Kurile-Kamtchatka Trench

area, lat. 44°09'N, long. 148°38'E.

North Pacific, south coast of Hokkaido,

Japan, lat. 41°58'N, long. 142°30'30"E

(Albatross sta. 5036)

South Pacific, Peru-Chile Trench, lat.

8°10'S, long. 80°49'W

Tasman Sea, off Cronulla, N.S.W., Australia,

lat. 34°03'S, long. 151°31'E.

Depth m Rejerence

2012 Brady, 1880

2633 Brady and Norman,

1896

165-229 Stebbing, 1901,

1902, 1910

156 MQller, 1906a,

1912

1158 MOller, 1906b

2320 Granata, 1919

1050-1070 Rudjakov, 1961

850 Kornicker, 1969c

1411-1450 herein

180 McKenzie, 1968

Azygocypridina imperator was collected on gray ooze

in water at 2°C (Brady, 1880). Azygocypridina imperialis was collected at 2.8°C (Brady and Norman,

1896). Azygocypridina ajricanus was collected on a

"rough" bottom and on a substrate of sand and shells

(Stebbing, 1902). Water temperature was probably in

the vicinity of 5°C (Sverdrup, Johnson, Fleming, 1942,

chart IV). The bottom where A. gibber was collected

was reported as coarse sediment, gray mud, with a

brown, liquified surface layer (Miiller, 1906b, p. 37).

The species of Azygocypridina from off Japan reported

by Komicker (1969c) was collected over a substrate

of brown mud in water at 3.3°C (Anonymous, 1907).

I estimate the temperature of the water from which

A. rudjakovi was collected to be about 3°C based

on Hydrocast 519C at lat. 9°09'S, long. 81°32'W

(Menzies and Chin, 1966). In summary, the genus

Azygocypridina has been found in water at temperatures from 2°C to 5°C and at depths of 156-2633 m

over various kinds of bottoms.

Azygocypridina rudjakovi, new species

FIGURES 5-9

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 124024; adult male; carapace

and some appendages preserved in alcohol, remaining

appendages on slides; specimen unique. Length 10.1

mm, height 9.0 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Pacific Ocean, lat. 8°10'S, long.

80°49'W; bottom depth 1411-1450 m; estimated

temperature 3.0°C; station 92, cruise 11, RV Anton

Bruun, 14 October 1965; collected in benthic beam

trawl by Dr. R. J. Menzies.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr. J. A.

Rudjakov.

DESCRIPTION OF MALE (female unknown) : Shape

(Figure 5a) : Carapace oval in lateral view with greatest height near middle and without caudal process;

rostrum relatively small and acuminate; incisur small,

rounded with continuous margin (Figure 5d) ; dorsal

margin of incisur beveled (Figure 5c).
NUMBER 3 2

Ornamentation: Surface smooth with minute

punctae (Figure 5b).

Infold: Infold broad along anterior and anteroventral margins becoming narrower posteriorly; inner

flange paralleling inner margin becoming more prominent posteriorly; infold behind rostrum with about 32

bristles along anterior margin and about 21 bristles

along posterior margin (Figures 5d,e) ; bristles present

along anteroventral margin near outer edge.

Selvage: Finely striate lamellar prolongation with

smooth outer edge present along anterior and ventral

margins of carapace; outer margin finely serrate along

inner curvature of incisur; prolongation continuous

around incisur.

Muscle scars: Central muscle scars in anteroventral

part of shell are shown in Figure 5a; the ends of the

muscles after shell is removed are shown in figure 5/.

Size: USNM 124024—length 10.1 mm, height 9.0

mm.

First antenna (Figures 5 g, i) : Proximal ventral

margin of 2nd joint with cluster of 4 bristles having

short marginal spines distally; 2 short bristles present

on lateral surface of 2nd joint near the 4 bristles on

ventral margin, and 2 subterminally; dorsal margin

with about 20 bristles, some with short marginal spines

distally. Ventral margin of 3rd joint with 8 bristles:

dorsal margin of 3rd joint with 17 bristles. Ventral margin of 4th joint with 9 subterminal bristles; dorsal margin of 4th joint with 6 bristles. Sensory bristle of 5th

joint with numerous filaments; distal margin of 6th

joint with medial bristle about same length as 5th

joint; 7th joint with a-, b-, and c-bristles: a-bristle

stout, spinelike; b-bristle about three times longer than

sensory bristle of 5th joint and with numerous short

filaments, some having spoon-shaped tips (Figure oh),

others with pointed tips; c-bristle same length as

b-bristle and with similar filaments; 8th joint with d-,

e-, f-, and g-bristles but not distinguishable from 7th

joint; d- and e-bristles without filaments and about

one-fourth length of b-bristle; f-bristle slightly longer

than b-bristle and with numerous filaments having

pointed tips, some filaments with short marginal

spines; g-bristle similar to f-bristle.

Second antenna: Protopodite with bare medial

bristle (Figure 5/). Endopodite 3-jointed (Figures 5 /,

k) : 1st joint with proximal group of 1 long and 3

short bristles and distal group of 1 long and 5 short

bristles; 2nd joint with about 20 bristles; 3rd joint re11

curved, with long proximal sensory bristle and 2 short

terminal spines. Exopodite: joint 1 with clusters of

minute spines on distal surface; joints 2-9 with basal

spines, lateral basal spine on joint 9 about half length

that on joint 8; joints 2-8 with clusters of minute

spines along distal margin; bristle of joint 2 reaching

past 9th joint and bearing natatory hairs; joint 9 with

7 bristles: 5 long, 1 medium, 1 short, all with natatory

hairs; bristles of joints 3-8 with natatory hairs and

without marginal spines.

Mandible (Figure 6a) : Coxale endite spinose with

2 stout terminal spines with marginal teeth (Figure 6

b) ; dorsal margin of coxale hirsute. Basale: proximal

ventral margin with 2 stout pectinate spines; proximal

end of ventral margin with 7 bristles in row; proximal

half of ventral side with 9 additional bristles; medial

surface hirsute; long stout spinous bristle present distal to middle of ventral margin; dorsal margin with

12 bristles forming row extending onto medial side

and 2 subterminal bristles. Exopodite with 2 subterminal bristles on ventral margin, proximal bristle slightly

longer than distal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with

4 long and 5 short ventral bristles; dorsal margin of

2nd joint with abundant bristles; ventral margin of

2nd joint with about 10 subterminal bristles forming

row extending onto lateral and medial surfaces; end

joint with 2 long claws, 1 short claw, and about 4

bristles.

Maxilla (Figures 6 c-i): Epipodial appendage hirsute; coxale with stout plumose bristle; exopodite

broad with 1 short spinose subterminal bristle and 2

long bare terminal bristles; outer margin of exopodite

hirsute; basale with 1 long spinous posterior bristle

near base of exopodite, 1 bristle near endite III, and

5 bristles in row on medial margin. Endopodite: 1st

joint with 7 a-bristles and 5 /J-bristles—outer /3-bristle

stout pectinate, others slender bare; 2nd joint with 7

bare a-bristles, 6 slender pectinate bristles forming subterminal cluster on inside surface, and 8 stout pectinate

terminal clawlike bristles. Endites: 1st endite with

about 13 marginal bristles, most with tridentate tips,

and 5 short spinous medial bristles with tridentate tips;

2nd endite with about 13 distal bristles, some with tridentate tips, 1 proximal bristle, and numerous spinelike

bristles on medial surface; 3rd endite with about 9

bristles on distal margin and 1 long and 4 short bristles

along leading margin.
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 5.—Azygocypridina rudjakovi Kornicker, adult female, length 10.1 mm. Carapace: a,

left lateral view; b, detail of valve surface; c, anterior part left valve, lateral view; d, anterior left

valve, medial view; e, anterior right valve, medial view. Adductor muscle: /, lateral view of

left end of muscles after removal of carapace. First antenna: g, right limb, medial view; h, front

and side view of tips of filaments on b-bristle; i, right limb, detail of end of right limb, medial

view. Second antenna: ;, lateral view of right endopodite; k, detail of tip of 3rd joint of endopodite shown in "j"; /, medial bristle of protopoditc, lateral view, m, Posterior part of body with

end of furea. (Same magnification, in microns: b, d, e, j ; I, i, m; c, g.)
NUMBER 3 2 13

FIGURE 6.—Azygocypridina rudjakovi Kornicker. Mandible: a, coxale endite and part of basale,

ventral view; b, detail of coxale endite and pectinate bristles of basale. Maxilla: c, right limb

without endites, medial or posterior view; d, detail of "c" with bristles; e, endite III, medial

view; /, endite II, medial view; g, endite I, medial view; h, detail of bristles with tridentate teeth

on "g"; i, end joints of right maxilla shown in "c," anterior or lateral view. (Same magnification,

in microns: b, d-g, t.)
14

Fifth limb (Figures 7 a, b) : Epipodial appendage

with about 104 bristles; endites 1-3 with numerous

bristles; distoanterior process on protopodite acuminate, slightly recurving; main tooth of 1st exopodite

joint with peg, 6 pectinate teeth, and proximal bristle;

2nd joint with 6 a-bristles, 9 /^-bristles, 1 c- and 1 dbristle; inner lobe of 3rd joint with 10 bristles, outer

lobe with 2 hirsute bristles; 4th joint with 12 bristles;

5th joint divided into proximal and distal lobes—proximal lobe with 7 bristles, distal lobe with 9 bristles.

Sixth limb (Figures 7 c-g) : 11 bristles in place of

epipodial appendage; 1st endite with 4 bristles and 2

short spines; 2nd endite with about 17 bristles and 1

short spine; 3rd endite with about 16 bristles; 4th endite with about 26 bristles; end joint divided into large

anterior lobe and short posterior lobe; anterior lobe

with numerous bristles, some with wreaths of long marginal spines, others bare; posterior lobe with 10 bristles

with long marginal spines proximally and short spines

distally; dorsal margin of posterior lobe and medial

surface of end joint hirsute.

Seventh limb (Figures 8 a, b) : Terminus without

teeth or fingerlike processes; short segment of distal end

with smaller diameter than proximal part; right limb

with 9 distal bristles, and 47 proximal bristles; left limb

with 11 distal bristles and 58 proximal bristles; each

bristle with 4-7 bells and distal marginal spines; total

bristles 56-69.

Furca (Figures 8 c-e) : Right lamella with 27 claws,

left with 23; claw 1 shorter than claw 2 and with recessed base proximal to base of claw 2; starting with

claw 2, claws arranged in 5 groups with claws decreasing in length and diameter in each group; distribution and number of claws in groups on left and right

lamellae are as follows:

Group

Left

Right

I

3

3

II

3

4

III

3

4

IV

2

2

V

11

13

Copulatory organ (Figures 8g, h): Small conical

penis present between bilobed copulatory limbs; genital opening at tip of cone; outer lobe of copulatory limb

with about 39 bristles and short fingerlike inturned

process distally; inner lobe of copulatory limb with

about 15 bristles and transparent scooplike tip.

Brushlike organ (Figure 8h) : Elongate process

with 11 bristles present at t>ase of each copulatory

limb.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Upper lip (Figure 9) : Glands opening onto narrow

vertical anterior ridge; 2 lobes, with surface hairs,

present below and lateral to ridge; lobes supported by

sclerotized skeleton chacteristic of genus; mouth slitlike ; esophagus corrugated.

Lateral eye (Figure 8/) : Each eye elongate, flaplike with marginal hairs and without ommatophores,

projecting anteriorly.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure Ih) : Small, pear-shaped.

Posterior (Figure 5m) : Spines in clusters present

along posterior.

Parasites: The holotype contained in the brood

chamber and above the posterior part of the animal 7

isopod larvae, probably belonging to the genus Cyproniscus. A female may also have been present but was

not recognized with certainty.

Gut: Contents consisting of many exoskeletons of

small crustaceans (probably mysids, according to T. E.

Bowman) and 1 pellet of fine-grained sediment in

combination with crustacean exoskeletons.

COMPARISON.—The absence of teeth or fingerlike

processes at the tip of the 7th limb distinguishes A.

rudjakovi from previously described species.

Azygocypridina imperator (Brady)

FIGURE 10

Crossophorus imperator Brady, 1880, p. 158, pi. 38: figs. 1-11.

Azygocypridina imperator (Brady): Sylvester-Bradley, 1950,

p. 11 [new name].

HOLOTYPE.—Crossophorus imperator Brady, 1880,

unique specimen. In collection of British Museum

(Natural History). The glass slide has on it numbers

223 and 92 and a label containing the name of the

species and the following information: " 'Challenger' No. 168, Depth 1100 faths., (81-5).61., G. S.

Brady, 8/7/74."

With the exceptions of the furca and terminus of the

7th limb, appendages differ from A. rudjakovi mainly

in the number of bristles they bear. For this reason

figures of most appendages of A. imperator are not

presented herein.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF APPENDAGES.—

First antenna: Proximal ventral margin of 2nd joint

with cluster of 4 bristles; 3 short bristles present on

lateral surface near the 4 bristles on ventral margin;

1 or no subterminal bristle present on lateral surface;

dorsal margin with 16 or 17 bristles; ventral margin of

3rd joint with 7 to 9 bristles; dorsal margin of 3rd joint
NUMBER 3 2 15

FIGURE 7.—Azygocypridina rudjakovi Kornicker. Fifth limb: a, posterior or medial view; b, same

limb, anterior or lateral view. Sixth limb: c, left limb, lateral view; d, detail of margin of end

joint of "c"; e, detail of posterior of end joint of left limb, medial view; /, endite I, right limb,

medial view; g, details of bristles in place of epipodial appendage, left limb, medial view; h, rodshaped organ. (Same magnification, in microns: a, b; d, e; f-h.)

356-600 O - 69 - 3
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

£T

FIGURE 8.—Azygocypridina rudjakovi Kornicker. Seventh limb: a, terminus of right limb; b, distal

end of bristle. Furca: c, left lamella, lateral view; d, right lamella, lateral view; e, anterior part

of furca (patterned claw is claw 1 of left lamella). /, Left lateral eye. Copulatory organ: g, left

organ, penis, and part of right; h, right organ, penis, brushlike organ. (Same magnification, in

microns: e, g, h; a, b; c, d.)
NUMBER 3 2 17

FIGURE 9.—Azygocypridina rudjakovi Kornicker. Upper lip: a, right lateral view; b, anterior

view; c, ventral view (slit near bottom is mouth, and, below that, part of esophagus).
18

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 10.—Azygocypridina imperator (Brady), holotype: a, 2nd antenna, endopodite, and

part of protopodite, lateral view; b, mandible, coxale endite, and part of basale, medial view;

c, 7th limb (vertical line on right represents end of cover slip, part of limb shown on right is

outside of cover slip); d, furca, right lateral view; e, copulatory organ. (Same magnification, in

microns: a-e.)
NUMBER 3 2 19

with 14 or 15 bristles; ventral margin of 4th joint with

4 or 5 terminal bristles; dorsal margin of 4th joint with

5 bristles; sensory bristle of 5th joint broken but with

numerous filaments on remaining stump; 6th joint

with medial bristle slightly longer than 5th joint; 7th

joint with a-, b-, and c-bristles: a-bristle missing on

limb; b-bristle long, stout with many filaments, a few

with spoon-shaped tips; c-bristle broken off near base

but similar in diameter to b-bristle. 8th joint with d-,

e-, f-, and g-bristles: d- and e-bristles both broken off

near base, but stumps obviously belonging to sensory

type bristle and without filaments; f- and g-bristles

similar to b-bristle, but no filaments observed with

spoonlike tips.

Second antenna: Protopodite with bare medial

bristle (Figure 10a). Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure

10a) : 1st joint with proximal group of 1 long bristle

and 3 short bristles and distal group of 1 long and 5

short bristles; 2nd joint with 16 bristles; 3rd joint

recurved, with 1 long proximal bristle and a faint

terminal spine; ridges present on terminus. Exopodite:

joints 2-9 with basal spines; lateral basal spine of 9th

joint small; joints 2-8 with clusters of minute spines

along distal margin; bristle of joint 2 reaching past

9th joint and bearing natatory hairs; joint 9 with 7

bristles; bristles of joints 3-9 with natatory hairs.

Mandible (Figure 10b) ; Coxale endite spinose

with 2 stout terminal spines with marginal teeth.

Basale: proximal ventral margin with 2 stout pectinate

spines; proximal end of ventral margin with 7 short

bristles; proximal half of ventral margin with 4 additional bristles; long stout bristle present distal to middle of ventral margin; dorsal margin with 11 bristles

forming fanlike row extending onto medial side, and

2 subterminal bristles. Exopodite with 2 subterminal

bristles on ventral margin, proximal bristle longer than

distal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with 5 long, 1

medium, and 5 short bristles; dorsal margin of 2nd

joint with abundant bristles; ventral margin of 2nd

joint with about 10 subterminal bristles forming row

extending onto lateral and medial surfaces; end joint

with 2 long claws, 1 short claw, and several bristles.

Maxilla: Coxale with stout plumose bristle;

exopodite broad with short subterminal bristle and

2 long bare terminal bristles; outer margin of exopodite hirsute; basale with 1 bristle near endite III and

8 bristles in cluster on medial margin. Endopodite: 1st

joint with 6 a-bristles and 4 /J-bristles—outer /3-bristle

stout pectinate, others slender bare; 2nd joint with 7

bare a-bristles, 7 stout pectinate terminal clawlike

bristles, and 4 medial terminal bristles. Endites: 1st

endite with about 19 bristles, some with tridentate tips;

2nd endite with numerous short slender bristles on

medial surface and many long marginal bristles; 3rd

endite present and with many marginal bristles.

Fifth limb: Epipodial appendage with about 112

bristles; endites 1-3 with numerous bristles; main

tooth of 1st exopodite joint with peg, 6 pectinate

teeth, and proximal bristle; 2nd joint with total of

about 18 pectinate teeth and bristles; inner lobe of

3rd joint with about 7 bristles; outer lobe with 2

hirsute bristles; 4th joint with about 9 bristles; 5th

joint with 9 bristles.

Left sixth limb: 4 bristles in place of epipodial appendage; 1st endite with 3 long bristles and 3 short

spines; 2nd endite with about 16 bristles; 3rd endite

with about 17 bristles; 4th endite with about 22 bristles; end joint divided into large anterior lobe and short

posterior lobe; anterior lobe with numerous bristles,

some with wreaths of long spines, some with short

spines, and some bare; posterior lobe with 7 bristles

with long marginal spines proximally and short spines

distally; posterior margin of end joint with 6 spinous

bristles; medial surface of end joint hirsute.

Right sixth limb: 13 bristles in place of epipodial

appendage; 1st endite with 3 long bristles and 3 short

spines; posterior lobe of end joint with 5 spinous bristles; posterior margin of end joint with 1 spinous

bristle near middle; appendage otherwise similar to

left limb.

Seventh limb (Figure 10c) : (Only one complete

7th limb is present on the slide and the tip of this

extends past the edge of the cover slip. The tip is

obscured by the sealing medium but fortunately is

sufficiently visible to observe its general character.)

Terminus with large jaw with bifurcate tip opposing

comb containing at least 3 or 4 large recurved teeth;

39 proximal bristles counted but a few more probably

present; each bristle with up to 6 bells; distal bristles

not clearly visible.

Furca (Figure 10a1) : (Furca has most claws missing

and is also partly obscured on the slide. The furca

figured by Brady (1880, pi. 38: fig. 11) has no claws

on the left lamella and 6 claws near the middle of the

right lamella. Apparently the figure was reversed in

printing, because the claws are actually on the left

lamella.) Starting with the posterior end, the left

lamella bears, or has sockets for, 12 short bristles which
20

are followed by a stout bristle, a slender bristle, another

stout and slender bristle, and then a stout bristle; bristles anterior to these mostly missing. Right lamella

with only 10 posterior bristles or sockets for them.

Copulatory organ and ?brushlike organ (Figure

\0e) : Similar to A. rudjakovi.

Posterior: Spines present along posterior.

Family SARSIELLIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896

Genus Spinacopia Kornicker, 1969

TYPE-SPECIES.—Spinacopia sandersi Kornicker,

1969.

Kornicker (1969a) described four species of this

genus: S. sandersi from the North Atlantic, S. variabilis from the South Atlantic, S. bisetula from the

southern Indian Ocean, and S. menziesi from the Antarctic Ocean. A new species described herein, S. torus

from the Peru-Chile Trench, extends the range of

the genus to the South Pacific. Two new species described herein, S. octo and S. antarctica, extend the

range farther south into the Antarctic. Depths of occurrence of the new species (210-2504 m) support

the probability that members of the genus are confined

to deep water; known depth range of all species is

135 m to 3500 m.

Spinacopia antarctica, new species

FIGURES 11-14

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 123340, adult 9, length 1.92

mm, height 1.74 mm.

ALLOTYPE.—USNM 123341, juvenile $ (?N-1),

length 1.61 mm, height 1.30 mm.

PARATYPES.—USNM 123342, adult 5 with 6 eggs

in brood chamber, length 1.81 mm, height 1.65 mm.

USNM 123343, adult $ with eggs in brood chamber,

length 1.86 mm, height 1.70 mm. USNM 123344,

adult 9 with eggs, length 1.71 mm, height 1.67 mm.

USNM 123345, 3 juveniles: length 1.01 mm, height

0.92 mm; length 1.01 mm, height 0.86 mm; length

0.89 mm, height 0.72 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Antarctic Ocean, lat. 62°41'S,

long. 54°43'W; bottom depth 210-220 m; station

1003, cruise 12, RV Eltanin, 15 March 1964. Collected

in 10-foot Blake trawl on bottom 15 minutes by University of Southern California. All specimens from

same sample.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Carapace oval in lateral

view with greatest height near middle (Figure 11) ;

anterior produced in area of rostrum and with shallow

but distinct incisur; posterior with short caudal process

below valve middle; carapace widest in posterodorsal

part.

Ornamentation: Surface completely covered with

short spines (Figure \2e); long hairs present along

anterior and anteroventral margin of each valve; a

few long hairs present on lateral surface; prominent

rim present slightly within and parallel to valve edge;

several distinct but vaguely defined nodes and ridges

present on valve surface (Figure 11).

Infold: Infold below shallow incisur with minute

bristle near inner margin (Figure \2d); infold in front

FIGURE 11.—Spinacopia antarctica Kornicker, adult female:

a. dorsal view; b, right lateral view; c, detail of surface spines.
NUMBER 3 2 21

of caudal process of right valve with 7 spinous bristles,

4 large above and 3 below (Figure 12b) ; left valve

with 5 above and 4 below (Figure 12a); about 16

minute bristles present near inner margin of posteroventral section of infold.

Selvage: Lamella prolongation with smooth outer

margin present along anterior, ventral and posterior

margins of both valves; prolongation broad along anterior and caudal process, narrow elsewhere; prolongation continuous across incisur.

Muscle scars: Central muscle scars consisting of

about 14 individual scars (Figure 12c). Posterodorsal

and dorsal scars (Figure 12/) not visible through shell.

Pore canals: Radial pore canals numerous around

anterior, ventral, and posterior margins (Figures 12^) ;

canals along ventral margin terminating at minute

spines at valve edge.

Size: The dimensions of four adult females are as

follows:

Length Height

mm mm Remarks

USNM 123340 1.92 1.74 holotypc

USNM 123342 1.81 1.65 6 eggs in brood chamber

USNM 123343 1.86 1.70 eggs in brood chamber

USNM 123344 1.71 1. 67 eggs in body or chamber

First antenna (Figures 12 g. h) : 2nd joint with spinous dorsal bristle and short spines in clusters along

ventral and dorsal margins; 3rd joint with 2 spinous

bristles, 1 ventral and 1 dorsal; 4th joint with 3 spinous

bristles, 2 ventral, 1 dorsal; 3rd and 4th joints not

separated by suture; sensory bristles of 5th joint with

2 short filaments near middle and 1 near tip; 6th joint

with minute medial bristles on left limb, and with

stump of bristle on right limb; 7th joint with a-, b-, and

c-bristles: a-bristle spinous and about same length as

b-bristle; b-bristle about half length of sensory bristle

of 5th limb and with short filament near middle; cbristle same length as sensory bristle and with 3 short

filaments near middle and one near tip; 8th joint with

d-, e-, f-, g-bristles: d- and e-bristles bare and of similar length: f-bristle with 1 short filament distally

and 1 near tip; g-bristle with 3 short filaments near

middle and 1 at tip.

Second antenna (Figures 12 i-l) : Protopodite bare

and without medial bristles. Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st

joint with 2 or 3 short bare bristles, 2nd joint with 1

short bare bristle and 1 long terminal bristle. Exopodite: distal margin of 1st joint with short curved medial

spine; bristle of 2nd joint with single ventral spine

near middle and few distal natatory hairs; bristles of

joints 3-8 with sparse natatory hairs; ninth joint with

1 short spinous bristle and 1 long bristle with sparse

natatory hairs; distal margins of joints 2-8 with comb

of short spines.

Mandible (Figure 12m) : Ventral margin of coxale

hirsute; coxale endite with bifurcate tip and spinous

process near base (Figure I2p). Basale: dorsal margin

with short spine near middle and 1 or 2 longer spines

distally; ventral margin with total of 3 spines and

bristles in proximal group and 4-6 in distal group:

proximal group with 2 short medial spines and 1 longer

marginal bristle; distal group with 1 short spine on

medial surface, 1 very long spinous marginal bristle

and 2-4 shorter lateral bristles forming row; a bilobed

sclerotized glandular process present on lateral side between proximal and distal groups (Figure 12o). Exopodite blunt, short and with single ventral bristle

(Figure 12n). Endopodite: 1st joint with spines forming row on distal dorsal margin, shorter spines in

clusters distally on medial surface, and 2 medial spines

near base of main ventral claw; 2nd joint with subterminal spine on dorsal margin, and small lateral

spine at base of main claw; 3rd joint with 1 short

medial spine dorsal to main claw and 1 or 2 somewhat longer spines ventral to base of main claw.

Maxilla (Figures 13a, b) : Coxale with anterior bristle having 2 small subterminal spines; basale with 1

bristle with subterminal spine; exopodite with 1 short

bare bristle and 2 long bristles with short spines distally; 1st and 3rd endites each with 6 bristles; 1st joint

of endopodite with spinous u- and /S-bristles, and a few

short spines distally on anterior margin; 2nd joint of

endopodite with 2 spinous a-bristles, 1 bare c-bristle,

and usual 5 pectinate bristles.

Fifth limb (Figure 13c) : Endite with 1 bare bristle.

Exopodite: 1st joint with 3 spinous bristles, 1 long and

2 short; 2nd joint with 5 spinous bristles; short lobe

between 2nd and 3rd joint (may be part of 2nd joint)

with 1 small spinous bristle: 3rd joint with 3 spinous

bristles on inner lobe and 1 on outer lobe; joints 4 + 5

with 3 bristles; surface of joints hirsute. Epipodial

appendage with 43 hirsute bristles.

Sixth limb (Figures 13d, e) : Four endites present:

1st endite with 2-4 bristles, 2nd with 2, 3rd with 4, 4th

with 3, all bristles spinous. End joint with 3 or 4 spinous

anterior bristles, 1 spinous bristle near middle, and 2

stout hirsute posterior bristles; clusters of hairs present

on medial and lateral surfaces and along margin of

end joint on each side of posterior bristles.
22

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

loo"

10

FIGURE 12.—Spinacopia antarctica Kornicker, USNM 123340, adult female. Carapace: a, caudal

process left valve, medial view; b, caudal process right valve, medial view; c, central muscle scars

left valve, lateral view; d, anterior left valve, medial view; *, part of ventral margin, right valve,

medial view; /, dorsal area of left valve showing muscle attachments, medial view. First antenna:

g, right limb, medial view; h, detail of tip of "g." Second antenna: i, endopodite and 1st joint of

exopodite of right limb, medial view; ;, tip of exopodite of right limb, medial view; k, part of

right limb without bristles of joints 3—9; /, endopodite of left limb, medial view. Mandible: m,

right limb, medial view; n, exopodite left limb; o, ventral part of basale, left limb, lateral view;

p, coxale endite, right limb. (Same magnification, in microns: /, g; a-d, i—m; e, h, o; n, p.)
NUMBER 3 2 23

50

FIGURE 13.—Spinacopia antarctica Kornicker, USNM 123340, adult female: a, left maxilla, lateral view; b, part of right maxilla, medial view; c, right 5th limb, medial view; d, left 6th limb,

lateral view; e, right 6th limb, lateral view; /, right 7th limb; g, right lamella of furca, lateral

view; h, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; i, posterior of body; ;, genitalia and brushlike organ;

k, anterior of body showing upper lip, and coxale endite of left mandible; m, muscles and rodlike

sclerite attached to protopodite of left 2nd antenna; /, dorsal shell muscles attached to head

region and medial eye. (Same magnification, in microns: a-m.)
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Seventh limb (Figure 13/) : Proximal and distal

groups each with 6 bristles, 3 on each side; each bristle

with 2-5 bells and marginal spines distally; terminus

with opposing combs.

Furca (Figure \3g) : Each lamella with 8 claws:

claw 1 continuous with lamella, remaining claws separated from lamella by suture; claw 3 more slender and

shorter than claw 4; each claw with teeth along posterior margin; clusters of spines present along anterior

margin of each lamella and at bases of claw 1 and

claws 5-8.

Eyes: Lateral eyes absent. Medial eye fairly large,

enlongate.

Rod-shaped organ (Figures 13h, I, m) : Elongate,

single jointed, with minute terminal process.

Genitalia: Oval, amber-colored spermatophore

present on each side.

Brushlike organ (Figure 13;') : Minute ringed bristles posterior to and above genitalia.

Upper lip (Figure 13A) : Simple curvature with several clusters of hairs. Triangular process present on

each side between lip and 1st antenna above mandible

attachment.

Posterior (Figure 13») : Posterior margin of thorax

above furca with clusters of long hairs.

Eggs: 6 eggs present in brood chamber and about the

same number unextruded in specimen USNM 123342.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE MALE USNM 123341

(?N-1).—Carapace more elongate than adult female

but with similar ornamentation and surface spinosity

(Figure 14a); length 1.61 mm, height 1.30 mm. Endopodite of 2nd antenna with 3 segments (Figure 14a1

) :

1st segment with 3 short bristles and surface spines;

2nd segment elongate with 1 long and 2 shorter bristles;

3rd segment elongate with 2 short terminal bristles.

Exopodite of 2nd antenna with 1 long and 2 short

bristles on 9th segment (Figure 146). Furca with 7

claws (Figure 14g) : claw 1 united with lamella; claw

3 smaller than claw 4; main claws with teeth forming

lateral and medial rows along posterior margin. Left

7th limb with 6 bristles in proximal group (Figure 14/),

right limb with only 3; each limb with 4 bristles in

terminal group and small indentation in place of terminal comb. Copulatory organ undeveloped, consisting

of small lobes. Remaining appendages similar to those

of adult female.

COMPARISONS.—The configuration and distribution

of nodes and ridges of the shell distinguishes S. antarctica from previously described species.

Spinai opia octo, new species

FIGURES 15-17

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 123541, S juvenile, length

2.37 mm, height 1.93 mm.

PARATYPE.—USNM 123542, $ juvenile, length

2.34 mm, height 1.92 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Antarctic Ocean, lat. 70°ll'S,

long. 106°38'-106°26'W; bottom depth 3495; station

931, cruise 11, RV Eltanin, 20 January 1964. Collected

in 5-foot Blake trawl by University of Southern California. Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center

reference number 58. Both specimens were collected

in same sample. Bottom temperature 0.34°C, bottom

salinity 34.700 parts per thousand—data from Lamont

Geological Observatory Station 248.

ETYMOLOGY.—Specific name from the Latin noun

octo (eight) for the ornamentation on the carapace,

which vaguely resembles the figure 8.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE MALE (instar IV?).—

Carapace oval in lateral view with shallow incisur and

short caudal process (Figures 15, 16a).

Ornamentation: Surface with short spines, many of

these having parallel sides except near tip (Figures

16c, d); long hairs present along ventral and anterior

margins (Figure 16^); narrow rim present slightly

within and parallel to valve edge; posterodorsal part

of each valve with about 4 pits vaguely defined by low

marginal ridges (Figure 15).

Infold: Infold below incisur with minute bristle

near inner margin (Figure 166) ; infold in front of

caudal process with 9 bristles, 5 large spinous bristles

above and 4 bristles below (latter bristles were obscured somewhat by debris so that whether or not they

are spinous could not be observed); minute bristles

present at inner margin of infold of caudal process

(Figure 16c).

Selvage: Lamella prolongation with smooth outer

margin present along anterior, ventral, and posterior

margins of both valves; prolongation continuous

across incisur.

Muscle scars: Central scars consisting of about 12

oval scars.

Pore canals: Normal for genus.

Size: The dimensions of two juvenile males (instar

IV?) are as follows:

USNM

USNM

123541

123542

Length mm

2.37

2.34

Height mm

1.93

1.92

Remarks

holotype

paratype
NUMBER 3 2 25

50

FIGURE 14.—Spinacopia antarctica Kornicker, USNM 123341, juvenile male. Carapace: a,

right lateral view. Second antenna: b, 9th joint of exopodite, left limb, medial view; c, medial

bristle, 1st joint, left limb; d, endopodite, left limb, medial view. Seventh limb: e, right; /, left.

Furca and copulatory lobes: g, left lateral view. (Same magnification, in microns: a; e, g; b-d, /.)

First antenna (Figure 17a) : Similar to S. antarctica.

Second antenna (Figures 16/, 176): Endopodite 2-

jointed: 1st joint with 2 or 3 small bristles; 2nd joint

with 2 spinous bristles proximally, 1 long, 1 medium,

and 1 short bare terminal bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint

with short medial spine; 9th joint with 1 short and 1

long bristle; joints 2-8 with comb of short spines along

distal margins.

Mandible (Figures \6g, h, \7c) : Similar to S. antarctica. Distal group of bristles near ventral margin of

basal with 1 short spine on medial surface, 1 long

spinous marginal bristle and 3 short bristles forming

row on lateral surface.

Maxilla (Figure \ld) : Similar to S. antarctica.

Endite I with 6 or 7 bristles; endite II with 5 or 6

bristles; endite III with 5 or 6 bristles.

Fifth limb (Figure 17e) : Endite with 1 bare bristle.

Exopodite: 1st joint with 4 bristles; 2nd joint with 5

bristles; small bristle between joints 2 and 3; 3rd joint

with 3 or 4 bristles on inner lobe and 1 on outer lobe;

joints 4 + 5 with 4 or 5 bristles; surface of joints hirsute.

Epipodial appendage with 43 bristles.

Sixth limb: Endite I with 1 long and 2 short bristles;

endite II with 2 bristles; endite III with 3 bristles; endite IV with 4 bristles. End joint with 3 anterior

bristles, 2 spinous bristles near middle, and 1 or 2 stout
26

FIGURE 15.—Spinacopia octo Kornicker, holotype, length

2.37 mm.

hirsute posterior bristles; clusters of hairs present on

medial and lateral surfaces and along margin of end

joint on each side of posterior bristles.

Seventh limb: Proximal group with 5 bristles, distal

group with 6, each bristle with 2-4 bells and marginal

spines distally; terminus with a few short teeth projecting vertically from end of limb (Figures \6i, 17/).

Furca: Left lamella with 7 claws, right lamella with

8; claw 1 continuous with lamella, remaining claws

separated from lamella by suture; claw 3 more slender

and shorter than claw 4; claws 1, 2, 4, 5 with spines

along posterior margin; clusters of hairs present medially at base of claw 1.

EYES, ROD-SHAPED ORGAN, UPPER LIP, POSTERIOR:

Similar to S. antarctica.

Copulatory organ: Undeveloped.

COMPARISONS.—The configuration of pits and surrounding ridges in the posterodorsal part of each shell

and the parallel-sided surface hairs distinguish

S. octo from previously described species. This species

is also larger than previously described species of

Spinacopia with the exception of S. menziesi Kornicker, 1969. (It is possible that the pit and ridge

structure of the shell is an artifact, occurring by collapse of the shell after death of the animal.)

Spinacopia torus, new species

FIGURES 18-20

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 123519, adult 9, length 2.13

mm, height 1.82 mm.

PARATYPES.—USNM 123518, adult 9 , length 2.04

mm, height 1.78 mm; USNM 123520, adult 9 with 4

unextruded eggs and 7 in brood chamber, length 2.18

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

mm, height 1.72 mm; USNM123521, 3 juveniles:

length 0.94 mm, height 0.76 mm; length 0.97 mm,

height 0.67 mm; length 1.40 mm, height 1.02 mm;

USNM 123531, juvenile, length 1.84 mm, height 1.55

mm; USNM 123522, juvenile instar II, length 1.20

mm, height 0.98 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Pacific Ocean, Peru-Chile Trench

system, lat. 08°13'S, long. 81°09'W; bottom depth

1927-1997 m; estimated temperature 2.3°C; station

101, cruise 11, RV Anton Brunn, 16 October 1965.

Collected in small bottom trawl by Dr. R. J. Menzies.

(USNM 123518-USNM 123521 and USNM 123531

collected in same sample.)

OTHER LOCALITIES.—USNM 123522 collected south

of type-locality; lat. 12°03'S, long. 78°45'W; bottom

depth 3994-4364 m; estimated temperature 1.8°C;

station 157, cruise 11, RV Anton Bruun, 28 October

1965. Collected in small bottom trawl under supervision of Dr. R. J. Menzies.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is from the Latin

torus meaning round elevation, protuberance, in reference to the node in the posterodorsal region of each

valve.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Carapace oval in lateral

view with shallow sinus and short caudal process (Figures 18b, 20a) ; carapace with greatest height near middle and greatest width in posterodorsal part (Figure

18a).

Ornamentation: Surface with short spines around

shallow depressions; long hairs present around margins

(Figure 20^) ; low rim present slightly within and parallel to valve edge; posterodorsal part of shell inflated.

Infold: Infold below shallow incisur with usual minute bristle near inner margin (Figure 20b) ; infold in

front of caudal process with 5 large spinous bristles

above and 3 or 4 below (Figures 20^, d).

Selvage, muscle scars, pore canals typical for genus.

Size: (All adult females in collection somewhat deformed.) The dimensions of three are as follows:

USNM

USNM

USNM

123518

123519

123520

Length mm

2.04

2. 13

2. 18

Height mm

1.78

1.81

1.72

Remarks

holotype

7 eggs in brood

chamber

First antenna (Figures 19a, 20/): Similar to 1st

antenna of S. antartica.

Second antenna (Figures 19fc, 20g) : Endopodite 2-

jointed: 1st joint with 3 short bare bristles, 2nd joint

with 1 long spinous bristle. Exopodite: distal margin
NUMBER 3 2

FIGURE 16.—Spinacopia octo Kornicker, USNM 123541. Carapace: a, outline, lateral view;

b, anterior left valve, medial view; c, caudal process right valve, medial view; d, detail of spines,

posteroventral part of left carapace, lateral view; e, detail of spines and bristles, ventral edge,

left valve, lateral view. First antenna: /, endopodite and 1st joint of exopodite of right limb,

medial view. Mandible: g, exopodite left limb, lateral view; h, coxale endite, right limb. Seventh

limb: i, tip, only 1 bristle completely shown. Head region: ;", medial eye and rod-shaped organ.

(Same magnification, in microns: a; b, c, f, j ; d, e, i; g, h.)

of 1st joint with short curved medial spine; bristle of

2nd joint with single short spine dorsally about onefourth distance from base followed by short marginal

hairs; bristle of joints 3-8 with short natatory hairs;

9th joint with 1 short bristle with few spines and longer

bristle with natatory hairs; distal margins of joints 2-8

with comb of short spines.

Mandible (Figure \9c) : Coxale similar to S. antarctica. Basale: dorsal margin with short spine near middle and 2 short spines distally; ventral margin with

total of 2 spines and bristles in proximal group and 5

in distal group; proximal group with 2 short medial

spines and 1 longer marginal bristle; distal group with

1 short spine on medial surface, 1 long spinous marginal bristle and 3 shorter bristles forming row on

lateral surface; glandular process present on lateral

side as in S. antarctica. Exopodite similar to S. antarctic a but with bristle reaching one-fourth length of 1st

endopodite joint on right mandible of USNM 123519

and one-third on left mandible. Endopodite: 1st and

2nd joints similar to S. antarctica; 3rd joint with short

medial spine dorsal to main claw and 2 longer spines

ventral to base of main claw.

Maxilla (Figure 19d) : Coxale, basale, exopodite,

and endopodite similar to S. antarctica. Endites I, II,

III with 6, 4, 6 bristles.
28

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 17.—Spinacopia octo Kornicker, USNM 123541, juvenile male. Appendages: a, 1st

antenna; b, 2nd antenna; c, mandible; d, maxilla; e, 5th limb; /, tip of 7th limb. (Same magnification : a-d, f. Bars in figures represent 100 microns.)
NUMBER 3 2 29

FIGURE 18.—Spinacopia torus Kornicker, juvenile female, USNM 123522, length 1.20 mm:

a, dorsal view; b, left lateral view.
30

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 19.—Spinacopia torus Kornicker, adult female, USNM 123519: a, 1st antenna; b, part of

2nd antenna; c, mandible; d, maxilla; e, tip of 7th limb; /, furca. (Same magnification: a, c, f;

b, d. Bars in figures represent 100 microns.)
NUMBER 3 2 31

FIGURE 20.—Spinacopia torus Komicker, adult female. Carapace: a, outline of right valve,

lateral view; b, anterior left valve, medial view; c, caudal process left valve, medial view; d, caudal

process right valve, medial view; e, detail of shell surface (only base pores of most spines shown

in figure). Appendages: /, 3rd and 4th joint of 1st antenna; g, endopodite and 1st joint of

exopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; h, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; i, brushlike

organ and genitalia. Spinacopia torus Kornicker, juvenile female. Carapace: ;, dorsal view;

k, right lateral view; /, caudal process, left valve, medial view; m, caudal process right valve,

medial view; n, detail of surface spines; o, central muscle scars right valve, medial view. Appendages: p, endopodite, 2nd antenna; q, 7th limb; r, left lamella of furca, medial view. (Figures a-d,

j-i, from USNM 123519; figure e from USNM 123518; figures j-r from USNM 123522. Same

magnification in microns: a, j , k; b—g, i, /, m, o—r; h, n.)
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Fifth limb: Similar to S. antarctica except with 4

bristles on joints 4 and 5.

Sixth limb: Endite I with 3 bristles; endite II with

1-3 bristles; endite III with 3 or 4 bristles; endite IV

with 3 bristles, all bristles spinous. End joint with 4

anterior spinous bristles, 2 spinous bristles near middle,

and 2 stout hirsute posterior bristles; clusters of hairs

present on medial and lateral surfaces and along margin of end joint on each side of posterior bristles. The

distribution of bristles on 6th limbs of three adult

females is tabulated below:

Endites End joint

I II III IV Anterior Middle Posterior

USNM 123518 3 2 3 3 4 2 2

USNM 123519 3 1 4 3 4 2 2

USNM 123519 3 2 4 ? 4 2 2

USNM 123520 3 3 4 3 4 2 2

USNM 123520 3 3 4 3 4 2 2

Seventh limb (Figure 19<>): Distal group with 6

bristles, proximal group with 5 or 6 bristles, each with

2-5 bells and marginal spines distally; terminus with

opposing combs, each comb with about 12 teeth.

Eyes: Lateral eyes absent, medial eye present.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 20/i) : Elongate, 1-

jointed with 4 minute protuberances on tip.

Furca (Figure 19/), brushlike organ (Figure 20t),

upper lip, posterior: Similar to S. antarctica.

Eggs: Specimen USNM 123520 with 7 eggs in

brood chamber and 4 unextruded.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE FEMALE INSTAR II

(USNM 123522) (Figures 20j-r) .—Carapace with

abundant short spines and scattered longer hairs

(Figure 20n) ; infold below rostrum with usual minute

bristle; infold anterior to caudal process with 2 spinous

bristles above and 0 to 1 short bristle below (Figures

20/, m) ; small distinct node present in posterodorsal

part of shell; length 1.20 mm, height 0.98 mm. First

antenna with 1 bristle on 2nd joint, 2 on 3rd joint and

none on 4th joint; endopodite of 2nd antenna with 1

bristle on 1st joint and 2nd joint (Figure 20p) ;

mandible with exopodite typical of genus; 6th limb

with 1 bristle; 7th limb present but without bristles or

terminal comb (Figure 20q) ; furca with 4 claws on

each lamella, claw 1 united to lamella, other claws

separated by suture, claws decreasing in length

posteriorly on lamella (Figure 20r).

COMPARISONS.—The high relief of the node in the

posterodorsal region of the juvenile valve distinguishes

this species from some previously described. The

carapace is about the same size as S. bisetula, but it

does not have a row of long bristles marking the ventral

margin of the posterodorsal bulge characterizing the

species. Spinacopia torus also differs from S. bisetula

in having 3 bristles compared to 2 on the 1st joint of

the endopodite of the 2nd antenna.

Family PHILOMEDIDAE Mttller, 1912

Subfamily PHILOMEDINAE Miiller, 1912

Genus Euphilomed.es Poulsen

FIGURES 21-23

TYPE-SPECIES.—Euphilomedes nodosa Poulsen,

1962, by subsequent designation (Komicker, 1967,

p. 18).

Euphilomedes rhabdion, new species

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 123611, length 1.24 mm,

height 0.73 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Pacific Ocean, lat. 07°59'S, long.

80°37'W; bottom depth 991-1015 m; estimated temperature 4.7°C; station 90, cruise 11, RV Anton

Bruun, 14 October 1965; collected in benthic trawl,

520 mesh, by Dr. R. J. Menzies.

ETYMOLOGY.—Specific name from Greek rhabdion

(n. dim.) meaning rod, in reference to the small rodshaped organ of the species.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (may not be mature).—

Carapace oval in lateral view with greatest height

near middle (Figure 21) ; broad rostrum overlapping

large, wide incisur; posterior one-third of rostrum

projecting from valve surface and forming process

tapering to point at inferior corner of rostrum; anterior

edge of valves below incisur with 1 or 2 low nodes;

each valve with large caudal process below valve

middle, that on left valve having more squarish posteroventral corner.

Ornamentation: Surface punctate with scattered

hairs (Figure 22d), the latter more dense along

margins; caudal process with hairs in row parallel to

posterior margin (Figure 22tf).

Infold: Infold of rostrum with 4 long spinous

bristles (Figure 22a) ; infold posterior to incisur with

short bristle; anteroventral part of infold striate; list

of caudal process with 6 bristles on posterior half, 5
NUMBER 3 2 33

1.0 mm

FIGURE 21.—Euphilomedes rhabdion, holotype, length 1.24 mm.

long spinous bristles above and 1 shorter bristle below

(Figures 22b, c); bifurcate bristle and 2 or 3 minute

bristles present on posterior edge of caudal process.

Selvage: Lamella prolongation with fringed edge

present on all except hinge margins of each valve.

Muscle scars: Central muscle scars consisting of

about 11 individual scars.

Size: Length 1.24 mm, height 0.73 mm.

First antenna (Figure 22/) : 1st joint with surface

spines; 2nd joint with 1 ventral and 1 dorsal spinous

bristles and clusters of spines on lateral and medial

surfaces; 3rd joint with 3 spinous bristles, 1 ventral

and 2 dorsal, and surface spines; 4th joint with 3 spinous bristles, 2 ventral and 1 dorsal, and with surface

spines; sensory bristle of 5th limb with 3 short proximal

filaments and 1 long filament near tip; 6th joint with

distal bristle about two-thirds length of a-bristle on 7th

joint; 7th joint with a-, b-, and c-bristles: a-bristle

spinous, about one-third length of sensory bristle of

5th joint; b-bristle shorter than sensory bristle and with

2 filaments; c-bristle with 4 proximal filaments plus

1 long terminal filament; 8th joint with d-, e-, f-, and

g-bristles: d- and e-bristles about same length as sensory bristle of 5th limb, f-bristle with 3 short proximal

filaments and 1 short and 2 long distal filaments;

g-bristle with 3 short proximal filaments and 1 short

and 2 long distal filaments.

Second antenna: Endopodite 2-jointed (Figure

22g) : 1st joint with 3 or 4 short bare bristles; 2nd joint

elongate with 1 long spinous proximal bristle and 1

short bare subterminal bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint

elongate, 2nd-9th joints decreasing in length distally;

joints 2-8 with clusters of spines along distal margins;

bristle on joints 2-8 with stout marginal spines (Figure

22h); bristles on joints 5-8 also with few marginal

hairs proximally; 9th joint with 1 long and 2 short

bristles: long bristle with stout marginal spines, short

bristles with short slender marginal spines (Figure

22i) ; bristle of 2nd joint reaching past 9th joint; basal

spines absent.
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 22.—Euphilomedes rhabdion Kornicker, USNM 123611. Carapace: a, anterior left

valve, medial view; b, caudal process right valve, medial view; c, caudal process left valve, medial

view; d, anterior left valve, lateral view; e, caudal process left valve, lateral view. First antenna:

f, left limb, lateral view. Second antenna: g, right endopodite, medial view; h, part of bristle on

5th joint of exopodite; i, bristles on 9th joint of exopodite. Mandible: j , left limb, lateral view;

k, dorsal bristles on 2nd joint of endopodite, medial view; /, coxale endite and medial bristles on

basale. (Same magnification in microns: d, e; a—c, f, j ; g, k, I; h, i.)

Mandible (Figure 22j): Bifurcate coxale endite

present (Figure 22/). Basale: medial side with 4 short

bristles near ventral margin; ventral margin with 4

spinous bristles; dorsal margin with 1 bristle near

middle and 2 terminally; surface with spines in clusters;

exopodite about three-fourths length of 1st joint of

endopodite and with 2 spinous bristles. Endopodite:

dorsal margin of 2nd joint with 2 groups of bristles,

proximal group with 2 bristles, distal group with 6

(Figure 22Jfc); ventral margin with 2 groups of bristles

distally, both with 2 spinous bristles; end joint with 1

small and 2 large claws and 3 bristles (longest bristle

with marginal spines) ; clusters of spines present on

medial surfaces of all joints of endopodite.

Maxilla (Figures 23a-c): 3 elongate endites present:

1st endite with 6 spinous bristles; 2nd endite with

about 5 bristles; 3rd endite with 1 proximal bristle and

about 6 terminal bristles. Precoxa and coxa with
NUMBER 3 2 35

FIGURE 23.—Euphilomedes rhabdion Kornicker, USNM 123611. Maxilla: a, left limb, lateral

view; b, tip right limb, lateral view; c, tip left limb, lateral view. Fifth limb: d, right limb,

posterior view; e, main tooth and part of tooth on 2nd joint, right limb, posterior view. Sixth

limb: /, left limb, lateral view. Seventh limb: g, distal part; h, detail of tip. Posterior region:

i, furca and brushlike bristles; m, brushlike bristles and genital opening. Anterior region: ;', upper

lip; k, anterior profile; I, rod-shaped organ and 1st joint of 1st antenna. (Same magnification, in

microns: i, k; a, d, /, g, j , I; b, c, e, h, m.)
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

fringe of hairs along anterior margin; coxa with

anterior bristle with short marginal spines; exopodite

with 3 spinous bristles, 2 long and 1 short; basale with

3 long bristles along distal margin; 1st endopodite joint

with 1 spinous a-bristle and 2 long stout /3-bristles; end

joint with 4 claws and 5 bristles.

Fifth limb (Figure 23d). Epipodial appendage with

46 bristles. Three endites present: 1st endite with 2

bristles; 2nd endite with 5 bristles; 3rd endite with

about 7 bristles. Main tooth of 1st exopodite joint

consisting of 4 teeth of equal size (Figure 23*) ; a

spinous bristle and short spine present on posterior side

of 1st joint proximal to main tooth. Second exopodite

joint: inner curved margin of large tooth with 4 low

teeth; posterior side of joint with 4 spinous bristles, 2

long and stout, 2 short and slender. Third exopodite

joint with 6 spinous bristles, 3 on inner lobe and 2 on

outer lobe. Fourth + fifth exopodite joint with 5

spinous bristles.

Sixth limb: Four endites present: 1 st and 2nd endite

each with 3 bristles, 3rd endite with 6 bristles, 4th

endite with 5 bristles. End joint with 6 bristles of

which latter 2 are stout, hirsute. Only 1 bristle in place

of epipodial appendage.

Seventh limb (Figures 23 g, h) : Proximal group with

2 bristles, 1 on each side, each with 2 bells; distal group

with 4 bristles, 2 on each side, each with 4 bells; bristles

with marginal spines distally; terminus consisting of

comb with about 7 curved spines opposed by 3 spines

bearing marginal spinules.

Furca (Figure 23z) : Each lamella with 6 claws, all

claws separated from lamella by suture; claw 3 shorter

and more slender than claw 4; claws 5 and 6 about

half length of claw 4; each claw with lateral and

medial row of spines along posterior margin; claw 1

with large medial spine about one-fourth distance from

tip; ventral margin of each lamella hirsute.

Eyes: Lateral eyes absent, medial eye minute.

Rod-shaped organ (Figures 23k, I) : Organ 1-

jointed, elongate, but only 45 microns long, about half

width of 1st joint of 1st antenna.

Genitalia (Figure 23m) : Obscure, but apparently

oval with sclerotized rim having crenulations along

inner margin.

Brushlike organ (Figure 23m) : About 6 minute

bristles posterior to genitalia.

Upper lip (Figures 23;, k) : Helmet-shaped, hirsute

and with faint projections on anteroventral corner;

sclerotized processes present on each side between lip

and 1st antenna (Figure 23k).

STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT AND SEX OF SPECIMEN.—

The absence of the male copulatory organ identifies

the specimen as female, although female genitalia were

not observed with certainty. Eggs were not present in

the brood chamber so that the stage of development of

the specimen is in doubt. It is either an adult or late

larval stage.

COMPARISONS.—Euphilomedes rhabdion resembles

closely Philomedes ( = Euphilomedes) paucichelata

Kornicker, 1959, but it is much larger, length 1.24 mm,

compared to 0.80-0.87 mm, and does not have horizontal ripples on the carapace such as those on P.

paucichelata. The distribution of bristles on the list

of the caudal process differs from that on previously

described species of Euphilomedes. The rod-shaped

organ of E. rhabdion is considerably smaller than rodshaped organs previously described for this genus. Relatively few species of Euphilomedes have 6th limbs

like E. rhabdion, with end joints not produced posteriorly. The number of bristles on the 1st joint of endopodite of the 2nd antenna, the 9th joint of the exopodite of the 2nd antenna, the 1st joint of the endopodite of the maxilla, the end joint of the 6th limb, the

7 th limb, and the infold of the rostrum on each valve,

are fewer than generally possessed by species of this

genus, but this may be due, in part, to immaturity of

the specimen. The carapace of E. rhabdion resembles

that of Philomedes reticulata Hartmann, 1965, but the

furca is quite different.

Family CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE Miiller, 1906

Subfamily CYLINDROLEBERIDINAE Mttller,

1906

Genus Synasterope Poulsen, 1965

Only two specimens in the collection have been assigned to this genus. Both are immature and also incomplete in that the coxale endites of the mandibles

are missing. Therefore, they have not been given specific names but instead have been designated Synasterope species A, and Synasterope species B. The first

species does not fit one of the typical characters of the

genus listed by Poulsen (1965, p. 401) in that the

length of the exopodite of the mandible is only 44% of

the 1st endopodite joint instead of more than 50%.

The second species has all characters of the genus.
NUMBER 3 2 37

Synasterope species A

FIGURE 24

MATERIAL.—USNM 124088, juvenile male, length

2.19 mm, height 1.16 mm.

LOCALITY.—Pacific Ocean, lat. 8°15'S, long.

80°44'W; bottom depth 2504-2514 m; estimated

temperature 1.8°C; station 105, cruise 11, RV Anton

Bruun, 17 October 1965; collected in benthic trawl

by Dr. R. J. Menzies.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE MALE FROM STATION

105.—Shell elongate with height 53% of length (Figure 24a) ; rostrum and sinus of usual type for genus;

central muscle scars consisting of about 11 individual

scars, Figure 24a) ; infold behind rostrum and below

sinus with numerous scattered bristles; infold anterior

to posterior end of shell with about 14 broad flap like

bristles along inner margin and 1 or 2 slender bristles

between each flap; middle of ventral infold with about

20 bristles forming anterior-posterior row. Size:

USNM 124088—length 2.19 mm, height 1.16 mm.

First antenna (Figures 24c, d): 1st and 2nd joints

with short spines forming clusters on medial and lateral

surfaces; 2nd joint with bare distolateral bristle reaching 4th joint and stout, spinous, subterminal, dorsal

bristle; suture separating 3rd and 4th joints only visible near dorsal margin; dorsal margin of 3rd joint with

6 bristles, all except distal-medial bristle with long

spines; ventral margin of 3rd joint with short bare

bristle; dorsal margin of 4th joint with long stout bristle with short marginal spines; ventral margin of 4th

joint with 2 bristles: 1 short and bare, other long and

with short marginal spines; suture separating 4th and

5th joints only faintly visible; sensory bristle of 5th

joint with stout proximal part and with 6 terminal filaments ; lateral bristle of 6th joint longer than joints 5-8

and without marginal spines; 7th joint with clawlike

a-bristle, stout b-bristle with 3 marginal filaments, and

c-bristle with numerous short proximal filaments and

about 10 longer marginal filaments; 7th joint fused

with 8th; 8th joint with minute d-bristle, e-bristle

about two-thirds length of c-bristle, f-bristle with about

6 proximal filaments and 4 marginal filaments, and

g-bristle with about 2 short proximal filaments and

5 or 6 longer marginal filaments. (Numerous proximal

filaments on the c- and f-bristles are not uncommon on

juvenile males in the Cylindroleberididae—see Poulsen, 1965, p. 444, for discussion.)

Second antenna (Figure 24e): Protopodite with

small annulate medial bristle and several hairs along

leading edge; elongate endopodite 3-join ted, terminal

joint with bare bristle at base; exopodite without basal

spines; 1st joint with long hairs in cluster distally on

inner margin; 9th joint with 4 bristles, 1 short, 1

medium, 2 long.

Mandible (Figure 24/): Coxale endite broken off

both limbs; basal endite with 4 pectinate terminal

bristles, 2 dwarf bristles, short glandular peg, 3 triaenid

bristles plus a 4th bristle proximal to triaenid bristles;

triaenid bristles with about 8 pairs of distal spines;

dorsal margin of basale with 1 fairly long bare midbristle and 2 bare terminal bristles; exopodite about

44% length of dorsal margin of 1st joint of endopodite

and with 2 small terminal spines and numerous distal

marginal hairs (Figure 24g); ventral margin of 1st

endopodite joint with 3 long bristles, 2 with long

marginal spines, other with short spines; ventral margin

of 2nd endopodite joint with 3 terminal bristles; dorsal

margin of 2nd endopodite joint with 2 short bare

proximal bristles, bare a-, b-, c-bristles, spinous d-bristle,

1 short bristle between a- and b-bristles, 2 short medial

bristles between b- and c-bristles, 1 long stout bristle

between c- and d-bristles, 1 medium bristle following

d-bristle; medial side of joint with 5 bristles forming

row near c-bristle; end joint with 1 dorsal claw, 3 long

clawlike bristles and 2 bristles.

Maxilla: Epipodite acuminate and hirsute distally;

proximal endite with 4 bristles, 3 long, 1 short; distal

endite with 3 long bristles; dorsal margin of basale

hirsute and with short proximal and distal bristle;

ventral margin of basale with short middle bristle and

long terminal bristle; 1st endopodite joint with very

short dorsal bristle and ventral /8-bristle about twice

length of joint; end joint with terminal bristle slightly

longer than y8-bristle; 2 short bristles present distal to

base of spear-shaped bristle.

Fifth limb: Dorsal margin of comb bare except for

long hairs near rounded tip; long plumose bristle of

comb reaching past comb tip; about 4 short bristles

present between plumose bristle and ventral margin

of comb; comb with about 64 bristles.

Sixth limb (Figures 24h, i): Hirsute anterior margin

with 2 endite bristles; anterior tip of end joint with

5 short hirsute bristles followed by space and then 16

or 17 spinous bristles along ventral margin; posterior

comer of end joint with 5 spinous bristles of which

posterior 3 longer than others; medial surface and
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 24.—Synasterope species A, juvenile male, length 2.19 mm: a, right lateral view of

carapace; b, central muscle scars, right valve, lateral view; c, end joints of left 1st antenna, lateral

view; d, proximal section of c-bristle right 1st antenna; e, endopodite of 2nd antenna; /, left

mandible, medial view; g, exopodite and 1st endopodite joint of left mandible, lateral view;

h, left 6th limb, medial view; i, anterior tip of right 6th limb, medial view; '], posterior end of

furca; k, upper lip, left lateral view; I, upper lip, anterior view; m, rod-shaped organ; n, copulation

organ. (Same magnification, in microns: c, e-i, k-m; j , n, d.)
NUMBER 3 2 39

ventral and posterior margins hirsute; total number

of ventral-posterior corner bristles being 21 or 22.

Seventh limb: Terminus with 4 bristles, 2 on each

side; 1st segment below terminus with 2 bristles, 1 on

each side; 8th, 9th, and 10th segments below terminus

with 2 bristles, 1 on each side; total bristles 12; each

bristle with 2-4 bells; terminus with opposing combs,

each having about 13 teeth with spinous margins and

recurved tips.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws of which posterior

2 are secondary, very short and located dorsal to ventral

margin of lamella; posterior corner of lamellae with

small ventral projection. (Figure 24;').

Copulatory limb (Figure 24n) : Weakly developed

Upper lip (Figures 24k, I) : Lip consisting of a pair

of lobes, each with lateral somewhat angular flap.

Eyes: No lateral eyes; medial eye of usual size.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 24m) : Elongate with

broadening near middle; questionable suture proximal

to broadened part.

COMPARISONS.—Although the only representative

of this species is a juvenile male, it is larger (2.19 mm)

than previously described species, which range in length

from 1.1 to 1.9 mm (Poulsen, 1965, p. 402). In the

key to the genus given by Poulsen (1965, p. 402),

this species keys out to S. quadrata (G. S. Brady), but

it differs from that species in many ways: larger

carapace, more claws on furca, more bristles on 7th

limb, no lateral eye, shorter stem on sensory bristle

of 1st antenna, only 1 bristle in middle of dorsal

margin of mandibular basale. The short stem of the

sensory bristle of the 1st antenna resembles that of S.

serrata Poulsen, 1965, from which it differs in size

and many other characters. Hartmann (1965, pp.

316-325) described Cylindroleberis pseudoquadrata

Hartmann and Cylindroleberis dimorpha Hartmann

from the coast of Chile. Both are smaller than the

species described herein. The mandibular exopodite of

C. dimorpha differs considerably from that of the

present species.

Synasterope species B

FIGURE 25

MATERIAL.—USNM 124089, juvenile female, length

1.45 mm, height 0.74 mm.

LOCALITY.—Pacific Ocean, lat. 9°01' S, long. 80°40'

W, bottom depth 4516-4383 m; estimated temperature

1.8° C; station 196, cruise 11, RV Anton Bruun, 7

November 1965; collected in benthic trawl by Dr. R.

J. Menzies.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE FEMALE FROM STATION

19 6.—Shell elongate with height 51% of length

(Figure 25a). In general similar to specimen from

station 105. Size: USNM 124089—length 1.45 mm,

height 0.74 mm.

First antenna: Joints 1-6 similar to specimen from

station 105 except for lateral bristle of 2nd joint being

shorter and not reaching 4th joint. Bristles on joints

7 or 8 also similar to specimen from station 105 except

for absence of short proximal filaments on c-, f-, and

g-bristles.

Second antenna (Figure 256): Protopodite and

exopodite similar to specimen from station 105 except

for 9th point having only 3 bristles, 1 long, 1 medium,

and 1 short. Endopodite weakly 3-jointed with 1 long

terminal bristle.

Mandible: Coxale endite broken off both limbs;

bristles on basale endite similar to specimen from station 105 except for having only 1 dwarf bristle and for

having triaenid bristles with only 6 pairs of distal

spines; bristles on basale and 1st endopodite joint similar to those on specimen from station 105; exopodite

also similar except for length being 56% of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint (Figure 25<r) ; ventral margin of 2nd endopodite joint with 3 bristles, 2 with short

marginal spines, 1 bare; dorsal margin of 2nd endopodite joint with 1 short bare proximal bristle, bare a-, b-,

c-bristles, spinous d-bristle, 1 short bristle present medially at base of c-bristle, 1 long bristle present between

c- and d-bristles, 1 medium bristle following d-bristle;

bristles of end joint similar to those of specimen from

station 105.

Maxilla: Similar to that of specimen from station

105.

Fifth limb: Similar to specimen from station 105;

epipodial appendage with about 60 bristles.

Sixth limb (Figure 25<?) : Hirsute anterior margin

with 2 endite bristles; acuminate anterior tip with 4

short spinous bristles; rounded anterior flap with 1

spinous bristle and numerous upturned hairs; anterior

space present on ventral margin followed by 11 spinous

bristles; posterior corner with 3 bristles longer than

those of ventral margin; ventral and posterior margins hirsute; total number of ventral-posterior corner

bristles being 14.
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 25.—Synasterope species B, juvenile female, length 1.45 mm: a, left lateral view of

carapace; b, 2nd antenna, endopodite, and 1st joint of exopodite, medial view; c, mandible,

exopodite, and 1st joint of endopodite, lateral view; d, posterior end of furca; e, anterior tip of

6th limb; f, anterior of animal showing rod-shaped organ and upper lip. (Same magnification, in

microns: b,c,f.)

Seventh limb: Terminus with 4 bristles, 2 on each

side; 2nd segment below terminus with 2 bristles, 1 on

each side; 7th and 9th segments each with 1 bristle;

10th and 11th segments each with 2 bristles, 1 on each

side; total number of bristles being 12; each bristle with

1-3 bells; terminus obscured on observed appendage,

but with opposing combs of teeth with spinous margins. (Only left limb examined in detail, but right also

with total of 12 bristles.)

Furca: Each lamella with 8 claws, last 2 secondary;

posterior corner of lamella with small ventral projection (Figure 25rf).

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 25/), lateral and medial

eyes: Similar to specimen from station 105.

Upper lip (Figure 25/) : Bilobed as on specimen

from station 105 but with round lateral flaps, and with

small anterior spine on each lobe.

COMPARISONS.—This specimen may be conspecific

with that described above as Synasterope species A.

Many observed differences are due to the present specimen being younger as well as of different sex than

that described as S. species A. It has been kept separate

primarily because S. species B has an anterior spine

on each lobe of the upper lip, which was not observed

on S. species. A. Also, the length of the mandibular

exopodite of S. species B is 56% of the length of the

dorsal margin of the 1st endopodite joint compared to

44% for S. species A.
NUMBER 3 2

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Index

(Name of new genera and species in italics, page numbers of principal accounts in boldface.)

africanus, Azygocypridina, 10

ampla, Metavargula, 1, 2, 3, 4 (fig.), 5 (fig.), 6 (fig.), 7

(fig-)

antarctica, Spinacopia, 1, 20, (fig.), 22 (fig.), 23 (fig.), 24,

25 (fig.), 26, 27,32

Azygocypridina, 9, 10

Azygocypridina africanus, 10

Azygocypridina birsteini, 10

Azygocypridina gibber, 10

Azygocypridina grimaldi, 9, 10

Azygocypridina imperator, 1, 10, 14, 18 (fig.)

Azygocypridina imperialis, 10

Azygocypridina rudjakovi, 1, 10, 12 (fig.), 13 (fig.), 14, 15

(fig.), 16 (fig.), 17 (fig.), 20

Azygocypridina species, 10

Azygocypridininae, 2, 9

Bathyvargula, 2, 3

birsteini, Azygocypridina, 10

bisetula, Spinacopia, 20, 32

Choniostomatidae, 9

Cladocopina, 2

Crossophorus, 2

Crossophorus imperator, 14

Cylindroleberididae, 36, 37

Cylindroleberidinae, 36

Cylindroleberis dimorpha, 39

Cylindroleberis pseudoquadrata, 39

Cypridina nobilis, 3

Cypridinidae, 2

Cypridininae, 2

Cyproniscus, 14

Cytherella species, 2

dimorpha, Cylindroleberis, 39

Euphilomedes, 32, 36

Euphilomedes nodosa, 32

Euphilomedes rhabdion, 1, 32, 33 (fig.), 34 (fig.), 35 (fig.),

36

gibber, Azygocypridina, 10

grimaldi, Azygocypridina, 9, 10

Hadacypridina, 1

Halocypridina, 2

hilgendorfi, Vargula, 3

imperator, Azygocypridina, 1, 10, 14, 18 (fig.)

imperator, Crossophorus, 14

imperialis, Azygocypridina, 10

menziesi, Spinacopia, 20, 26

Metavargula, 2, 3

Metavargula ampla, 1, 2, 3, 4 (fig.), 5 (fig.), 6 (fig.),7

(fig.)

Metavargula optilus, 2, 9

Myodocopina, 1, 2

nobilis, Cypridina, 3

nodosa, Euphilomedes, 32

octo,Spinacopia, 1, 20,24,26 (fig.), 27 (fig.), 28 (fig.)

optilus, Metavargula, 2

Paravargula, 3

paucichelata, Philomedes ( = Euphilomedes), 36

Philomedes ( = Euphilomedes) paucichelata, 36

Philomedes reticulata, 36

Philomedidae, 32

Philomedinae, 32

Platycopida, 1, 2

Podocopida, 1, 2

Polycope species, 2

pseudoquadrata, Cylindroleberis, 39

quadrata, Synasterope, 39

reticulata, Philomedes, 36

rhabdion, Euphilomedes, 1, 32, 33 (fig.), 34 (fig.), 35 (fig.),

36

rudjakovi, Azygocypridina, 1, 10, 12 (fig.), 13 (fig.), 14, 15

(fig.), 16 (fig.), 17 (fig.), 20

sandersi, Spinacopia, 20

Sarsiellidae, 20

serrata, Synasterope, 39

Spinacopia, 1, 20

Spinacopia antarctica, 1, 20 (fig.), 22 (fig.), 23 (fig.), 24, 25

(fig.), 26, 27, 32

Spinacopia bisetula, 20, 32

Spinacopia menziesi, 20, 26

Spinacopia octo, 1,20,24, 26 (fig.), 27 (fig.), 28 (fig.)

Spinacopia sandersi, 20

Spinacopia torus 1, 20, 26, 29 (fig.), 30 (fig.), 31 (fig.), 32

Spinacopia variabilis, 20

Synasterope, 36

Synasterope quadrata, 39

Synasterope serrata, 39

Synasterope species A, 1, 36, 37, 38 (fig.), 40

Synasterope species B, 1, 36, 39,40 (fig.)

torus, Spinacopia, 1, 20, 26, 29 (fig.), 30 (fig.), 31 (fig.), 32

Vargula, 3

Vargula hilgendorfi, 3

variabilis, Spinacopia, 20

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