Ranker v VillageCare

2024 NY Slip Op 31632(U)

May 8, 2024

Supreme Court, New York County

Docket Number: Index No. 805064/2020

Judge: Judith N. McMahon

Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip

Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York

State and local government sources, including the New

York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.

This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official

publication.
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SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 

NEW YORK COUNTY 

PRESENT: HON. JUDITH N. MCMAHON PART 

Justice 

---------------

30M 

·--------------------------·--- -----X INDEX NO. 805064/2020 

GARY RANKER, 

Plaintiff, 

- V -

VILLAGECARE, VILLAGECARE REHABILITATION AND 

NURSING CENTER, DENNIS KARTER 

Defendant. 

---------------------------------------------X 

MOTION DATE 05/02/2024 

MOTION SEQ. NO. 002 003 

DECISION + ORDER ON 

MOTION 

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 002) 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 

49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 95 

were read on this motion to/for JUDGMENT-SUMMARY 

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 003) 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 

65,66,67,68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79,80, 81, 82, 83,84, 85,86, 87, 88, 89,90,91 , 92, 

93, 94, 96 

were read on this motion to/for JUDGMENT-SUMMARY 

Upon the foregoing documents, it is ordered that the motion for summary judgment by 

the defendant, Dennis Karter, M.D. (Motion Seq. No. 002), is granted in its entirety and the 

complaint and all cross claims are severed and dismissed against Dr. Karter. The motion for 

summary judgment by the defendant, VillageCare Rehabilitation and Nursing Center s/h/a 

VillageCare and VillageCare Rehabilitation and Nursing Center (hereinafter "VillageCare") 

(Motion Seq. No. 003), is granted to the extent that plaintiffs' causes of action for alleged 

violations of the Public Health Law, failure to furnish informed consent, and negligent hiring are 

severed and dismissed. The balance of the motion is denied. 

805064/2020 RANKER, GARY vs. VILLAGECARE 

Motion No. 002 003 

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This medical malpractice action involves the March 28, 2019, death of plaintiffs' 

decedent, 76-year-old Gary Ranker, during the latter part of his second admission1 to 

VillageCare where he was undergoing occupational and physical therapy. Decedent's extensive 

medical history at that time included Guillain-Barre Syndrome with paralysis, myasthenia gravis, 

sarcoidosis, Kaposi's Sarcoma with gastrointestinal organ involvement, chronic obstructive 

pulmonary disease, recurrent UTis, hypothyroidism, depression, hypertension, lower extremity 

deep vein thrombosis, recurrent aspiration pneumonia, and opioid-induced constipation2• 

Plaintiffs allege that defendants failed to prevent, timely diagnose, and properly treat a bowel 

obstruction, aspiration, sepsis, and aspiration pneumonia resulting in Mr. Ranker's death. 

It appears undisputed that decedent developed abdominal pain and complained of 

constipation on March 24, 2019, for which he was given one dose of Milk of Magnesia. Physical 

examination at that time revealed that his abdomen was soft and not distended. On the morning 

of March 25, 2019, he was given two doses of Dulcolax along with an enema and lactulose. 

These treatments did not induce a bowel movement. 

During the daytime hours of March 25, 2019, Mr. Ranker's vital signs remained normal, 

and he was in no apparent distress, having participated in routine physical therapy which 

included ambulating 90 feet. Sometime after 7:00 p.m., however, decedent complained of 

increasing abdominal pain. His skin became cold and clammy, and he vomited coffee ground 

emesis indicative of an upper GI bleed. At 10:26 p.m. Relistor 12 mg was administered and at 

10:35 p.m. IV hydration was given. At 10:49 p.m. EMS was called for emergent transfer to the 

hospital. 

Decedent was admitted to VillageCare between February 5, 2019, and March 3, 2019, and again from 

March 11 , 2019, to March 26, 2019. Between admissions he was re-hospitalized at Mt. Sinai Beth Israel. 2 According to VillageCare's records, decedent generally had weekly bowel movements during his stay. His 

last bowel movement was on March 17, 2019. 

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EMS arrived at VillageCare at 12:08 a.m. on March 26, 2019, and an initial assessment 

revealed normal respirations, normal pulses, and baseline mental status. Mr. Ranker's blood 

pressure was 138/90. On the way to New York Presbyterian Downtown Hospital decedent 

purportedly became combative and pulled out his IV. He suffered cardiopulmonary arrest and 

arrived at the hospital pulseless, with ongoing CPR. The hospital staff successfully restored 

spontaneous circulation, but Mr. Ranker's condition quickly deteriorated, and he was found to 

have minimal brainstem reflexes. 

On March 28, 2019, Mr. Ranker went into cardiopulmonary arrest and passed away. A 

preliminary autopsy report reflects the probable cause of death as "aspiration pneumonia in the 

setting of intestinal obstruction" (see NYSCEF Doc. No. 92). The final autopsy report reads: 

"gross examination showed a redundant sigmoid colon loop with distension of the entire colon 

and abundant digestive material present through the small bowel, with no definitive evidence of 

volvulus" (id.). 

Defendants move for summary judgment on the grounds that their treatment adhered to 

the standard of care, and that their action or inaction did not cause or contribute to Mr. Ranker's 

injuries and death. Notably, VillageCare maintains, inter alia, that "there was no evidence that 

decedent suffered from a bowel obstruction at any time prior to his death" (see Expert 

Affirmation of Lawrence N. Diamond, M.D.; NYSCEF Doc. No. 63, para. 6) and further, that 

"plaintiffs' claims that defendant failed to prevent, timely diagnose, and properly treat bowel 

obstruction cannot be medically supported" (id.), since Mr. Ranker's cause of death was 

ultimately acute or chronic aspiration pneumonia. Dr. Karter, an infectious disease specialist 

whose sole examination of decedent during his second VillageCare admission was on March 21, 

2019, maintains through his expert, Dial Hewlett, M.D., that "there were no findings present at 

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the time of this evaluation which would suggest the presence of a bowel obstruction" (see 

NYSCEF Doc. No. 47, para. 40). Plaintiff opposes both motions. 

The standards for summary judgment are well settled. The proponent "must make prima 

facie showing of entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, tendering sufficient evidence to 

eliminate any material issues of fact from the case" (Winegrad v. New York Univ. Med Ctr., 64 

NY2d 851, 853 [1985]; [internal citations omitted]). The motion must be supported by evidence 

in admissible form (see Zuckerman v. City of New York, 49 NY2d 557,562 [1980]), and the facts 

must be viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party (see Vega v. Restani Constr. 

Corp., 18 NY3d 499, 503 [2012]). "In determining whether summary judgment is appropriate, the 

motion court should draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the nonmoving party and should 

not pass on the issues of credibility" (Garcia v. JD. Duggan, Inc., 180 AD2d 579, 580 [1 st Dept. 

1992]). "[P]ointing to gaps in an opponent's evidence is insufficient to demonstrate a movant's 

entitlement to summary judgment" (Koulermos v. A.O. Smith Water Prods., 137 AD3d 575,576 

[1 st Dept. 2016]). 

"The drastic remedy of summary judgment, which deprives a party of his day in court, 

should not be granted where there is any doubt as to the existence of triable issues or the issue is 

even 'arguable"' (DeParis v. Women's Natl. Republican Club, Inc., 148 AD3d 401 [P1 Dept. 

2017]; [internal citations omitted]). "It is not the court's function on a motion for summary 

judgment to assess credibility" (Ferrante v. American Lung Assn., 90 NY2d 623, 631 (1997]). 

To sustain a cause of action for medical malpractice, the plaintiff must prove two essential 

elements: ( 1) a deviation or departure from accepted practice, and (2) evidence that such departure 

was a proximate cause of the claimed injury. A medical provider moving for summary judgment, 

therefore, must make a prima facie showing of entitlement to judgment as a matter of law by 

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establishing the absence of a triable issue of fact as to his or her alleged departure from accepted 

standards of medical practice (Frye v. Montefiore Med Ctr., 70 AD3d 15 [l51 Dept. 2009]; [internal 

citations omitted]), or by establishing that the plaintiff was not injured by such treatment (see 

generally Stukas v. Streiter, 83 AD3d 18 [2d Dept. 2011]). 

To satisfy the burden on the motion, a defendant must present expert opinion testimony 

that is supported by the facts in the record, addresses the essential allegations in the complaint or 

the bill of particulars, and is detailed, specific, and factual in nature (see Roques v. Noble, 73 AD3d 

204,206 [1 st Dept. 2010]). If the expert's opinion is not based on facts in the record, the facts must 

be personally known to the expert and the opinion should specify "in what way" the plaintiffs 

treatment was proper and "elucidate the standard of care" (Ocasio-Gary v. Lawrence Hospital, 69 

AD3d 403,404 [1st Dept. 2010]). Once a defendant has made such a showing, the burden shifts to 

the plaintiff to "submit evidentiary facts or materials to rebut the prima facie showing by the 

defendant" (Alvarez v. Prospect Hosp., 68 NY2d 320, 324 [1986]), but only as to those elements 

on which the defendant met the burden (see Gillespie v. New York Hosp. Queens, 96 AD3d 901 

[2d Dept. 2012]). Accordingly, a plaintiff must produce expert testimony regarding the specific 

acts of malpractice, and not just testimony that alleges " [g]eneral allegations of medical 

malpractice, merely conclusory and unsupported by competent evidence" (Alvarez v. Prospect 

Hosp., 68 NY2d at 325). In most instances, the opinion of a qualified expert that the plaintiffs 

injuries resulted from a deviation from relevant industry or medical standards is sufficient to defeat 

summary judgment (Frye v. Montefiore Med. Ctr., 70 AD3d 15, 24). Where the expert's "ultimate 

assertions are speculative or unsupported by any evidentiary foundation, however, the opinion 

should be given no probative force and is insufficient to withstand summary judgment" (Diaz v. 

New York Downtown Hosp., 99 NY2d 542, 544 [2002]). The plaintiffs expert must address the 

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specific assertions of the defendant's expert with respect to negligence and causation (see FosterSturrup v. Long, 95 AD3d 726, 728-729 [1st Dept. 2012]). 

Where the parties' conflicting expert opinions are adequately supported by the record, 

summary judgment must be denied. "Resolution of issues of credibility of expert witnesses and 

the accuracy of their testimony are matters within the province of the jury" (Frye v. Montefi.ore 

Med Ctr., 70 AD3d 15, 25; see also Cruz v. St. Barnabas Hospital, 50 AD3d 382 [1 st Dept. 2008]). 

The defendant infectious disease physician, Dr. Karter, has established entitlement to 

summary judgment dismissing plaintiffs' complaint by submitting, inter alia, the factually based 

and detailed affirmation of Dr. Hewlett. Plaintiffs' expert has not identified any departures from 

the standard of care on the part of Dr. Karter, whose role was infectious disease consultant. 

Accordingly, Dr. Karter's motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint is granted. 

VillageCare has established entitlement to summary judgment by submitting, inter alia, 

the factually based and detailed affirmation of Dr. Diamond. In opposition, plaintiffs have met 

their burden in rebutting VillageCare's prima facie showing by submitting, inter alia, the 

affirmation of an expert internist and geriatric specialist (see NYSCEF Doc. No. 94), who 

specifically refuted the assertions made by Dr. Diamond. Relevant here is plaintiffs' expert's 

findings that VillageCare departed from the standard of care by ( 1) continuing to feed Mr. Ranker 

on March 24· 2019; (2) failing to recognize a bowel obstruction from impacted stool (i.e., "the 

large quantity of stool found in the post mortem exam along with the presence of food particles in 

the lungs" supports the finding of a bowel obstruction from impacted stool, requiring a more 

aggressive treatment of his routine constipation (see NYSCEF Doc. No. 94, para. 57), and (3) 

failing to provide life-saving treatment upon bowel impaction, by immediately transferring 

decedent to the hospital for a nasogastric tube placement or invasive surgical intervention (id. , 

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para. 59). Plaintiffs' expert opines that "Mr. Ranker required regular monitoring due to his 

ongoing conditions and the risks posed by his prescribed medications, which are known to cause 

bowel obstruction, that was not considered by his care team, and that when he began to show 

obvious signs of obstruction on March 24th (or sooner) it was not treated as a medical emergency, 

and that his death ... was in fact proximately caused by the actions or omissions of the defendants 

herein" (id., para. 60). 

While evidence of injury alone does not mean that the defendants were negligent (see 

Landau v. Rappaport, 306 AD2d 446 [l st Dept. 2003]), the facts in this record together with 

plaintiffs' expert's opinion as to the departures from good and accepted medical practice mandates 

a trial on whether VillageCare's departures from the standard of care were a proximate cause of 

plaintiffs injuries. 

For a claim of lack of informed consent to be actionable, a defendant must have engaged 

in a "non-emergency treatment, procedure or surgery" or "a diagnostic procedure which involved 

invasion or disruption of the integrity of the body" (Public Health Law §2805-d [2]). Under these 

facts, plaintiffs' cause of action for lack of informed consent must be dismissed. Likewise, 

plaintiffs' expert has not identified specific violations of the Public Health Law, nor set forth any 

facts to support a cause of action for negligent hiring. 

Accordingly, it is 

ORERED that the motion for summary judgment by defendant, Dennis Karter, M.D., is 

granted and the complaint and all cross claims are severed and dismissed; and it is further 

ORDERED that the motion for summary judgment by the defendant VillageCare 

Rehabilitation and Nursing Center s/h/a VillageCare and VillageCare Rehabilitation and Nursing 

Center is granted to the extent that plaintiffs' causes of action for violations of the Public Health 

805064/2020 RANKER, GARY vs. VILLAGECARE 

Motion No. 002 003 

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Law, failure to furnish informed consent, and negligent hiring are severed and dismissed; and it is 

further 

ORDERED that the balance ofVillageCare's motion is denied; and it is further 

ORDERED that the Clerk is directed to enter judgment in favor of Dr. Karter severing and 

dismissing plaintiffs' complaint; and it is further 

ORDERED that the Clerk is directed to enter judgment in favor of VillageCare severing 

and dismissing plaintiffs' causes of action for alleged violations the Public Health Law, failure to 

furnish informed consent, and for negligent hiring as against defendant VillageCare; and it is 

further 

ORDERED that counsel for plaintiffs and VillageCare shall appear for a virtual pre-trial 

conference via Microsoft Teams on July 25, 2024, at 10:30 a.m. 

5/8/2024 

DATE 

CHECK ONE: 

APPLICATION: 

CHECK IF APPROPRIATE: ~ CASE DISPOSED 

GRANTED □ DENIED 

SETTLE ORDER 

INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN 

805064/2020 RANKER, GARY vs. VILLAGECARE 

Motion No. 002 003 

NON-FINAL DISPO 

GRANTED IN PART 

SUBMIT ORDER 

FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT 

□ OTHER 

□ REFERENCE 

Hon. Judith N. McMahon 

J.S.C. 

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