OSCAR L. CARTWRIGt

and ROBERT E. WOODRUF

Ten Rhyparus

from the

Western Hemisphere

(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae:

Aphodiinae)

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY-1969 NUMBER 21
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 21

Oscar L. Cartwright Te n Rhyparu s from the

and Robert E. Woodruff Tk7 T T 1

Western Hemisphere

(Coleoptera:

Scarabaeidae:

Aphodiinae)

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON
ABSTRACT

Cartweight, Oscar L., and Robert E. Woodruff. Ten Rhyparus from the Western

Hemisphere (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Smithsonian Contributions

to Zoology, 21:1—20. 1969.—This is the first report of the genus Rhyparus (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) being found in the Western Hemisphere. It is closely

related to Termitodius, a genus known from Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia, but

easily recognized by characters given. One South American species from Bolivia is

transferred from Termitodius and nine new species are described and illustrated as

follows: Rhyparus spangleri from Costa Rica; opacus from Mexico; blantoni from

Panama; suspiciosus from Costa Rica; mexicanus from Mexico and Costa Rica;

zayasi from Cuba and Jamaica; sculpturatus from Costa Rica; isidroi from Costa Rica;

and costaricensis from Costa Rica and Mexico.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in

the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1969

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 • Price 36 cents (paper cover)
Oscar L. Cartwright

and Robert E. Woodruff Ten Rhyparus from the

Western Hemisphere

(Coleoptera:

Scarabaeidae:

Aphodiinae)

The first North American species of Rhyparus

(zayasi, new species) was received at the United

States National Museum in December 1964 for determination under an erroneous family name after

passing through the hands of several different taxonomists. This is not too surprising because the genus

had not been reported from the Western Hemisphere,

and the species are so radically different from most

other aphodiine Scarabaeidae of this area. Surprise

on finding the first species has been greatly heightened

with the discovery of nine additional species in such a

short time since then. All of the American specimens

were taken at light so nothing is known of their

habits or life histories. In discussing Old World species, however, Arrow (1935) states that, "Probably

all of them (Rhyparus) are inmates of the nests of

ants or termites." Their general appearance would

indicate that his observation quite likely was true.

The original descriptions of this genus—then

spelled Ryparus—and of the first species were read

by Westwood in August 1843 before the Entomological

Society of London, the same year that Spinola used

identical spelling for a genus of Cleridae. R. D. Pope

of the British Museum (Natural History), however,

has informed us that the actual publication date of

the Westwood descriptions was July 1,1845 (Wheeler,

1912) and that the Spinola paper was reviewed before

the French Entomological Society by Audinet-Serville

on June 25, 1845. Agassiz emended the name to

Rhyparus in 1846, as a substitute for Ryparus desjarOscar L. Cartwright, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Robert E.

Woodruff, Contribution Number 114, Entomology Section,

Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida 32601.

dinsii of Dejean (nomen nudum) and Ryparus desjardinsii Westwood (1845). Schoenherr's Rhyparus

(1823) and Dejean's Ryparus (1833) are nomina

nuda. Rhyparus has been used for the aphodiine

genus by Schmidt, 1910 and 1922; Arrow, 1935; and

other authors since the Agassiz emendation.

World literature lists at least 28 species of Rhyparus,

most from Borneo, Java, and Sumatra. Others have

been reported from scattered localities from Japan to

Australia, India and West Africa. Previous known

world distribution of the genus is shown on the world

map, Figure 1. Fourteen oriental species were discussed and presented in a key by Balthasar (1964).

Distributions of each of the species of Rhyparus of the

Western Hemisphere are shown in Figure 2 (Central

American section: Goode Base Map Series, Department of Geography, The University of Chicago; copyright by the University of Chicago). It is interesting

that five different species have been collected in Costa

Rica.

The American species, though clearly distinct

from one another, are similar in general appearance.

In all of them the head shows four strong basal tubercles, the pronotum has eight longitudinal ridges

with all except the middle pair more or less broken

or interrupted across the anterior third. The elytra

have eight strong costae separated by fiat, punctate intervals, and have deep glandular areas apically. They

may be confused only with species of Termitodius.

Species of Termitodius Wasmann (1894) have a

quite different habitus (Figure 4) but are evidently

closely allied to Rhyparus. Compared with Rhyparus,

Termitodius from Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia,

have a smoother, more shining surface, higher, more

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 1.—Previous known world distribution of Rhyparus as shown by Balthasar

(1964, page 604).

prominent pronotal ridges, and elytral costae; are comparatively much shorter in length, pronotum half as

long as elytra, elytra two-thirds as wide as long, much

wider at anterior fourth; posterior femora longer than

abdomen, first segment of posterior tarsus shorter than

following four segments combined; and metasternum

characteristically almost completely disrupted by nine,

large, deep depressions (Figure 3). Termitodius are

found in termite nests. For comparison the ventral side

of Rhyparus is shown in Figure 5.

In the descriptions and key to American Rhyparus,

we frequently refer to pairs of ridges, costae, and intervals. By a pair we mean any given ridge, costa, or

interval and its counterpart at equal distance on the

opposite side of the midline or elytral suture. Elytral

intervals, in comparison with other aphodiine beetles,

appear either as costae or flat punctate intervals. In

this paper, however, we restrict elytral intervals to

mean only the flat, punctate intervals between the

costae.

Key to American Rhyparus

1. No elytral interval with more than 2 rows of punctures 2

One or more elytral intervals with 3 rows of punctures 3

2. Elytral intervals shining, punctures large, deep, separated by less than their diameters; Costa

Rica 1. spangleri, new species

Intervals opaque, punctures small, shallow, more widely separated; Mexico ... .

2. opacus, new species
NUMBER 21

3. Second pair of intervals with 3 distinct, complete rows of punctures, or punctures of the

2 outside rows united to form a row of very elongate, transverse punctures ... . 4

Second pair of intervals with 2 rows of more or less circular punctures 6

4. Second pair of intervals with 3 distinct rows of punctures on disc at middle of elytra . . 5

Second pair of intervals with outside rows forming transverse elongate punctures, sometimes

all 3 rows uniting; Cuba, Jamaica 3. zayasi, new species

5. Length 5.3 mm, elytra black, pronotum reddish, 1st and 4th elytral costae very narrowly

separated, almost touching, at apex; Costa Rica 4. isidroi, new species

Length 4.0 mm, uniform reddish brown, 1st and 4th costae widely separated apically by more

than width of sutural costae combined; Costa Rica .. . 5. costaricensis, new species

6. First pair of elytral costae fine and depressed over middle length, wider and elevated basally

and apically; second pair uniformly elevated over disc; noticeably, strongly sinuate over

posterior half 7

Costae more or less equal and uniformly elevated except at ends 8

7. Third pair of pronotal ridges completely broken at basal third; Panama

6. blantoni, new species

Third pair of pronotal ridges complete and unbroken at basal third; Costa Rica . . .

, 7. suspiciosus, new species

8. Inner apical angle of 4th pair of elytral costae opposite ends of first pair 9

Inner apical angle of 4th pair of elytral costae opposite ends of the 2nd pair; Costa Rica .

8. sculpturatus, new species

9. First pair of pronotal ridges obliterated over bridge separating the deep fossae at anterior

third of pronotum, posteriorly these ridges noticeably arcuate inward; elytra black; pronotum

reddish, ridges and costae low, rounded; Mexico ... . 9. mexicanus, new species

First pair of pronotal ridges distinct over bridge separating the fossae, posteriorly these ridges

straight, not arcuate; elytra and pronotum uniform dark reddish brown, ridges and costae

high and noticeable; Bolivia 10. denieri (Martinez)

1. Rhypartis spangleri, new species

FIGURE 6

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.1 mm, width 1.1 mm.

Narrow, elongate, parallel; moderately shining; reddish brown. Clypeus with double anterior edge, separated by a shallow, alutaceous groove from gena to

gena, lower edge with median triangular tooth directed downward and slightly backward, upper edge

with 4 low obtuse teeth equally separated, the margin

between them arcuately emarginate, the outside 2 separated from the obtusely rounded genae by a shallow

notch; disc almost circular, convex, bearing 2 low,

elongate tubercles slightly converging anteriorly, disc

separated from flat to slightly concave surrounding

area by a deep groove; 4 elongate longitudinal tubercle-like frontal ridges, the middle pair separated by

their own width, the outside ridges about half again

as far away; a deep pit behind gena in front of eye

with a furrow back around eye; basal area with a band

of moderate punctures separated by their diameters;

surface everywhere finely alutaceous.

Pronotum quadrate; 8 low, elongate, longitudinal

ridges across the anterior fifth; the middle 6 about

equally spaced but outside ridges much farther away

and appearing as lateral pronotal margin; all but middle 2 ridges interrupted at anterior third by deep

transverse pits, the middle 2 more or less complete but

crowded toward each other by the pits on each side,

then diverging and continuing almost straight to base

of pronotum; the next or 1st interrupted ridge slightly

sinuate to base of pronotum; the next ridge strongly

arcurate laterally behind pits, interrupted again at

basal fourth and ending as an elongate tubercle at base

of pronotum; the outside ridge interrupted at anterior

third and practically disappearing over posterior third.

All pronotal ridges rather subdued compared with

other American species, middle 2 not sharply defined;

anterior to deep transverse pits, ridges have 2 to 4 moderate punctures between them; there is a single median

puncture between first 2 ridges, 2 at posterior fourth

and 2 at base; a single puncture on inside at posterior

fourth and 1 at base between middle and 2nd ridges;

a single deep puncture medially just inside 3rd ridge

and 1 at base; a basal puncture appears between 3rd

and 4th ridges.

Elytra feebly shining, minutely alutaceous, elongate,

margins parallel, length 2.1 mm, width 1.1 mm; each

elytron with 4 straight parallel costae between flattened

sutural costae and lateral margins; costae gradually
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 2.—Localities in which American

Rhyparus have been collected. MEXICO:

Vera Cruz; a, North Chocaman (R. mexicanus); b, Fortin de las Flores (R. opascus);

c, Lake Catemaco (R. costaricensis). COSTA

RICA: d, San Isidro de Coronado (R. sculpturatus, isidori); e, Turrialba (R. spangleri,

suspiciosus, mexicanus); j , San Isidro de

General (R. costaricensis); g, San Vito de

Java (R. mexicanus). PANAMA: h, Almirante

(R. blantoni). CUBA: i, Turquino (R. zayasi). JAMAICA: j , Hardwar Gap (R. zayasi).

BOLIVIA: k, Caranavi (R. denieri).
NUMBER 21

FIGURE 3.—Ventral ride of an undescribed Termitodius

species.

enlarged over posterior fourth; separated by deeply,

coarsely punctate intervals, punctures usually separated

by less than their diameters and arranged in longitudinal rows, 2 rows on each interval except extreme

lateral which has a single row, inner row of punctures

gradually much smaller apically and finally merging

into a groove or furrow; apically the 4th costa bends

upward around the other 3 into an enlarged bulbous

end with a triangular margin and joins sutural costa

on upper declivity, triangular anterior margin narrowly separated from end of 1st costa, posterior tips

of first 3 costae as well as opposite area of 4th covered with yellowish glandular masses which do not

quite coalesce, coarse punctures of lateral interval become much larger posteriorly toward suture with 3 or

4 similar punctures above them on the bulbous end of

4th costa. Extremely fine, close, short, decumbent,

whitish hairs along each side of costae very inconspicuous or worn away in this species.

Prosternal processes greatly elevated above general

surface as in other American species and of similar

form, anterior part finely, longitudinally carinate, interrupted medially by an elongate puncture and with

a shallow furrow or depression on each side laterally;

posterior part forming a 4-pointed star with a coarse

puncture in center. Mesostemum shagreened with

minute, close, appressed hairs. Metasternum at much

higher plane than mesostemum with triangular intercoxal area connected anteriorly with vertical carina

to lower plane of mesostemum; 2 large, deep pits and

moderately deep lateral furrow narrowly separated behind middle coxae; lateral furrow turning inward undercutting interior area at posterior angle, then

continuing inward along posterior edge about twothirds distance to midline; midline deep and moderately wide, continuing forward from posterior margin

three-fifths length of metasternum, surface otherwise

relatively smooth with a few scattered fine punctures

extending outward each side about two times width

of medial furrow to a more or less double, slightly depressed, longitudinal row of moderately coarse, close

punctures, a little closer posteriorly, remaining surface

outward to lateral furrow-with scattered very moderate

setigerous punctures generally separated by a distance

equal to two or more times their diameters. Abdominal

segments 2 to 5 slightly longer at sides, segments 3 to

5 with a marginal triangular pore or large puncture,

anterior margins serrate by row of close, deep, very

coarse punctures, median surface with scattered fine

punctures bearing very fine, moderately long hair; terminal segment four times as long at middle as preceding segment, punctures setigerous, scattered, mixed

fine to coarse, a large, coarse, deep, transverse pit near

anterior margin laterally. Entire undersurface feebly

shining but minutely alutaceous. Pygidium with

strong Y-shaped carina separating 3 tleep depressed

areas, the 2 lateral areas about five times as large as

the median basal area, upper ends of Y-shaped carina

swollen and enlarged; apical margin roughly punctate.

Anterior femur with anterior marginal groove,

posterior margin slightly arcuate inward, surface

covered with moderately coarse punctures generally

separated by a distance about equal to their diameters;

trochanter with elongate central area depressed, surrounded by carina-like edge. Middle femur somewhat

constricted along anterior margin at apical fourth and

with a row of 5 strong setae; posterior margin sinuated

by 2 low wide obtuse teeth, alutaceous surface with

scattered fine punctures; tibia straight, a strong apical

tooth directed inward at right angles to tibia; tarsi flattened, four-fifths length of tibia. Posterior femur flattened on inside, curving up around body, longer and

not as wide as middle femur, alutaceous surface with

scattered fine punctures; tibia wider and slightly shorter

than middle tibia, with strong terminal tooth directed
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

inward at right angle, terminal fringe of fimbriae short

and close; tarsi as long as tibiae, length of 1st segment

equal to remaining 4 segments combined.

Unique holotype, USNM 69918, collected in Turrialba, Costa Rica, at light, 15-19 July 1965 by P. J.

Spangler.

REMARKS.—It is a pleasure and a privilege to

name this species after Dr. Paul J. Spangler, friend

and colleague who has proven himself to be an unusually diligent and successful field collector for the

United States National Museum.

2. Rhyparus opacus, new species

FIGURE 7

HOLOTYPE FEMALE.—Length 3.7 mm, width 1.2 mm.

Narrow, elongate, sides parallel, moderately shining,

dark reddish brown, almost black. Clypeus with double

anterior edge, lower edge with median triangular tooth

directed downward and slightly backward, separated

from upper edge by a strong furrow or groove extending from gena to gena; upper edge with 4 more or

less triangular teeth equally spaced; the outer 2 separated from the obtusely rounded genae by a shallow,

rounded notch, clypeal margin arcuately emarginate

between the teeth; central disc convex, separated by

a distinct narrow furrow of varying depth from slightly

concave surrounding surface, the furrow slightly broken

where upper part tends to follow the frontal suture

outward, upper middle parts curve and merge into a

single line between middle frontal ridges; central disc

with a median pair of low, elongate tubercles; surface

of clypeus alutaceous and with scattered very fine punctures; 4 low obtuse frontal ridges, the middle 2 separated by about two-thirds the distance to the outer 2,

surface everywhere alutaceous with shallow, scattered,

very moderate to fine setigerous punctures between

tubercles on each side and across basal area, a fine

furrow follows curvature of the eye into a large deep

pore at base of gena.

Pronotum more or less quadrate; with 8 interrupted

longitudinal ridges; the 8 low evenly spaced ends of

the ridges slightly higher and more distinct posteriorly;

apical fifths of ridges separated by a square of 4 deep,

widely spaced, moderate, punctures; 1st or. middle pair

of ridges obsolete over a flattened bridge between the

deep pits on each side, then diverging and continuing

uninterrupted to posterior margin of pronotum; the

next pair of ridges widely, completely severed by large

and deep transverse cavernous pits then continuing to

posterior margin paralleling the 1st pair, the deep

transverse pits here are narrowly constricted by an

angle of the intervening surface between 2nd and 3rd

ridges which projects obliquely across the pit toward

a similar projection from severed end of the 2nd ridge;

from above, the 3rd pair of ridges appears sinuate with

sharp depressions at anterior and basal fourth, the

basal fourth sinuate and seemingly forming the posterior pronotal angle opposite humerus of elytra; 4th

ridge visible on each side from above as 2 lateral

rounded projections, from the side appearing as a

curving sinuate ridge from anterior to posterior margin; the ridges have a deep coarse puncture on each

side at about posterior third, the punctures forming

a sinuate transverse line, a similar line of punctures

just inside the finely carinate basal margin.

Elytra subparallel, slightly wider at basal third,

length 2.2 mm, width 1.2 mm; flat sutural and 4

straight costae smooth and shining; with flat alutaceous, coarsely punctate, dull intervals between the

costae. Base of elytra with finely carinate edge. The

costae are unusually straight and parallel, the 1st pair

slightly flattened or spread out near posterior end, thus

narrowing the interval between them and sutural

costae, then curving away from the sutural costa slightly

at the end; the 4th costa curves outward apically (dorsal view) then upward, swelling into a large bulbous

triangular mass, the inner apex of the triangle opposite

and narrowly separated from end of 1st costa, then

downward to a junction with the sutural costa; the

ends of the 3 enclosed costae and the opposite surface

of the 4th costae covered with a light colored mass of

glandular material; the dull strongly alutaceous intervals with a row of moderately coarse deep punctures

along each side, the rows separated by about twice the

diameter of the punctures, punctures separated in their

row by 2 to 4 diameters; each interval with 2 rows of

punctures except the extreme lateral with a single row.

The costae have a row of well-separated very fine

appressed hairs along each side.

Underside practically duplicates that of R. spangleri

except for only a single row of 5 or 6 coarse punctures

paralleling deep midline furrow of metasternum, and

much different terminal abdominal segment. In opacus

the terminal segment is widely separated from the preceding segment but appears to be connected to it by a

narrow median carina, and the anterior half has a

large deep triangular pit narrowly separated from large,

deep, lateral pits, with apex of median pit immediately
NUMBER 21

behind carina to preceding segment, surface elsewhere

with deep moderate punctures separated by about their

diameters. Middle and posterior tibiae lack the large

triangular teeth on apical inner margin, but have a

small spur directed posteriorly as in all females of

American species.

Holotype, female, only specimen known, USNM

69919. Mexico, State of Veracruz, Fortin de las Flores,

Cerveceria Moctezuma, 14 July 1964, at hydroelectric

plant in black light trap by Daniel Rabago, R. E.

Woodruff collection, deposited in the United States

National Museum.

REMARKS.—This species seems so close to R. spangleri it may prove to be only sexually different; however, the very dull, alutaceous elytra! intervals with

much smaller, more widely separated punctures and

the slightly curving posterior ends of the very shiny

costae give it a quite different appearance. We believe

it is a different but closely allied species.

3. Rhyparus zayasi, new species

FIGURE 11

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 4.6 mm, width 1.6 mm.

Elongate, sides almost parallel, feebly shining, black.

Clypeus with double edge, the lower with a median

triangular tooth directed downward and slightly backward; edges separated by a deep groove from gena

to gena; upper edge with 4 wide triangular teeth about

equally spaced, lateral 2 separated by a shallow notch

from the obtusely rounded genae, margin shallowly

emarginate between teeth; disc convex, with 2 slightly

elongate tubercles at middle separated by slightly more

than their length, disc separated from slightly concave

surrounding area by deep, sharply edged broken furrow or groove, anterior portion being slightly more

than a half circle, basal part divided, each section edging outward slightly at clypeal suture then continuing

curve around disc to middle where it bends posteriorly

around and between median pair of frontal ridges,

the 2 sections coming close but not uniting; surface

of clypeus and genae otherwise with scattered, fine-tomoderate, shallow, setigerous punctures, recumbent

setae very short, and nearly as long as diameter of puncture; 4 moderately high frontal ridges or elongate

tubercles, middle 2 separated by about two-thirds

distance to those outside; a deep furrow follows curvature of eye into a large pore or pit at base of gena;

occipital area above frontal ridges with a band of close,

334-422 0—n«8 2

moderate, setigerous punctures separated by their diameters or less, a few scattered forward between ridges

each side, whitish setae pointing forward and slightly

longer than diameters of punctures.

Pronotum somewhat quadrate in shape, wider than

long, constricted at apical third, with 8 longitudinal

ridges almost equally separated along anterior margin;

all are depressed or interrupted at apical third, 1st pair

less so than others but they are crowded toward each

other and almost obliterated between the deep transverse pits, then diverge and continue to base of pronotum; next or 2nd pair bent downward into pit and

completely but narrowly broken, then continuing

parallel with middle ridges to base; 3rd pair, though

appearing straight from directly above, converge

slightly to anterior third where pronotum is narrower

than at base, then curve arcuately outward and into

basal third and continue almost straight to base of

pronotum; 4th or outside pair appear as lateral margins

of the pronotum, sharply arched outward over anterior

third, less so over middle third and then straight to

base of pronotum; between ridges in anterior fourth

are 2 transverse rows of coarse punctures, tranverse

smoth area between these rows appearing as a low

transverse carina, 2nd row of punctures become ends

of narrow, deep, grooves leading down into the large

pits, punctures on each side of 2nd pair of ridges form

a V into pit inside the ridges; deep moderate punctures

coalescing along midline are scattered between the deep

pits in obsolete area of middle ridges; elsewhere they

are separated by a distance up to twice their diameters;

large coarse punctures on each side of ridges form a

transverse line at about posterior third, a similar line

of punctures crosses close to very finely carinate basal

margin.

Elytra black, feebly shining, elongate, nearly parallel

but widest at anterior third, length 2.9 mm, width

1.6 mm. Basal margin finely carinate. Each elytron with

4 strong costae between flat sutural costa and lateral

margin, separated by coarsely punctate intervals. First

2 pairs of costae sinuate, arcuate inward over most

of their length then slightly arcuate outward posteriorly,

basally 1st pair noticeably elevated; 3rd pair curves

upward around the humeral umbone, otherwise appears straight; 4th costa curves upward and outward

apically to form a noticeable right-angled tubercle then

upward around the other 3 costae into a large bulbous

swelling then down slightly to a smaller hump or swelling before joining sutural costa, on inner apical margin
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 4-9.—4, Ttrmitodius species (undescribed); 5, Ventral side of Rhyparus species (composite drawing); 6, Rhyparus spangleri, new species; 7, Rhyparus opacus, new species; 8, Rhyparus blantoni, new species; 9, Rhyparus suspiciosus, new species.
NUMBER 21

FIGURES 10-15.—10, Rhyparus mexicanus, new species; 11, Rhyparus zayasi, new species; 12,

Rhyparus sculpturatus, new species; 13, Rhyparus isidroi, new species; 14, Rhyparus costaricensis, new species; 15, Rhyparus denieri (Martinez).
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

of 4th costa a slight angle opposite end of 2nd punctate interval separates 2 patches of yellowish glandular

material which are narrowly separated from similar

patches below swollen ends of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd costae,

this terminal pit coated with glandular material deep

and cavernous. Sutural costae depressed, flattened,

and gradually narrowed near base to half their width

otherwise. First flat interval with 2 longitudinal rows

of very coarse punctures, discally separated in all directions by less than their diameters, at base 2 or 3 punctures form a very short 3rd row, near apex inner row

becomes smaller and disappears, outside row becomes

farther apart and suddenly also disappears, leaving a

narrow shiny area between the adjacent costae; 2nd

interval starts basally with 3 rows of coarse punctures

but near basal 3rd middle row gradually merges with

outside row to continue as 1 row of double width, which

apically ends in a shiny area as did the 1st; 3rd interval carries 3 distinct rows of punctures with middle

row first then other 2 becoming smaller and ending

in a shiny smooth area; 4th interval carries 2 rows of

punctures, outside row becoming smaller and obsolete

basally, and inner row smaller and obsolete apically

into a shiny smooth area. All costae and ridges have

near their summits on each side, a row of close, short,

very fine whitish appressed hairs directed obliquely

backward.

On underside prosternal process conspicuously

higher than its basal plane, anterior part with a shallow elongate puncture with carinate edges, a short

carina to tip, and sides depressed with carinate edge;

posterior part forms a 4-pointed star with a coarse

puncture at middle, posterior point excavated laterally.

Mesosternum shagreened, covered with extremely fine,

short, appressed hair. Metasternum extending triangularly forward between middle coaxe and joining a

vertical carina-like piece to the mesosternum at a lower

level, close behind middle coxae a large deep pit which

extends inward to tip of the intercoxal triangle, narrowly separated from a 2nd larger pit which in turn

is separated narrowly from the wide lateral furrow;

lateral furrow extends to posterior angle then inward

three-fourths of the distance to midline, undercutting

posterior lateral corner inside the furrow; midline furrow wide and deep with steep parallel sides, almost

open at posterior end, extending forward two-thirds of

total length, stopping with rounded end in line with

posterior edges of deep anterior pits; flattened discal

area with scattered very moderate punctures along edge

of and anterior to midline furrow, scattered large

coarse punctures (separated by less than 1 to 2 diameters) outward to lateral furrow, some finer punctures

at extreme edge, all punctures setigerous, the setae fine,

appressed, and about equal in length to diameters of

coarse punctures. Abdominal segments widely, deeply

separated at middle, much less so at sides, each segment with a large triangular depression or pit extending inward from lateral margin, this pit one-fourth

total width of 5th segment, gradually less on preceding

segments, surface over middle with scattered very moderate setigerous punctures bearing fine appressed hairs

almost as long as segments at middle; terminal segment about four times as long as preceding at middle

with a large lateral pit on anterior half, elsewhere alutaceous and with scattered large shallow punctures separated generally by less than their diameter. Pygidium

triangular with large depressed area in outside corners

and a smaller median depressed area at middle of base,

apical third feebly shining and finely, closely, setigerously punctate.

Anterior femora with wide, deep groove anteriorly,

trochanters large, with depressed median area with

carinate edge, surface everywhere with coarse, close

setigerous punctures which are gradually slightly

smaller outward to knee, posterior margin deeply sinuate inward; foretibiae with carina down middle of

underside, explanate along outside apical half, 2 apical

teeth, foretarsi less than half the length of tibiae, ratio

9 to 21. Middle femora with 2 low, wide teeth or angles

along posterior edge, femur convex, marginal line along

each edge, anterior edge slightly constricted at apical

fifth, surface everywhere with coarse setigerous punctures, the golden hairs, fine, appressed, as long as three

or four times diameter of punctures; tibia with longitudinal marginal line along inside edge, a small apical

tooth directed at right angle, apical fringe of fimbriae,

short, even, and extremely close; tarsi flattened, subequal to tibiae in length; posterior femora with complete posterior marginal line, convex, arcuate upward,

hugging body, surface punctures as on middle femora

but moderate in size; posterior tibiae slightly arcuate

but otherwise as middle tibiae; tibiae and femora flat

and smooth on inner side; posterior tarsi also flattened,

slightly shorter than tibiae, 1st segment longer than next

4 together, claws very fine, almost hairlike.

ALLOTYPE FEMALE.—Length 4.8 mm, width 1.7 mm.

The only noticeable external difference between the

sexes is in the strong terminal tooth set at right angles
NUMBER 21 11

on the middle and hind tibiae of the male, lacking in

the female; and a small third terminal tooth on the

inner side of the anterior tibiae in the female which apparently is lacking in the male.

Holotype male, USNM 69923, Cuba, Oriente, Sierra

Maestra, Turquino, June 1964, F. de Zayas, collected at

light. Allotype female, Cuba, Oriente, Cardero, Turquino, July 1964, F. de Zayas. Paratypes: 13 males, 13

females collected with allotype; 1 female collected with

holotype; Jamaica, 12 males, 10 females taken at black

light, Hardwar Gap, 9,12, 18, and 23 July 1966, Howden and Becker, 3 males, 4 females, same locality, 10,

16, 19, 21, and 22 July 1966, A. T. Howden; 4 males,

2 females, Portland Parrish, Green Hills, Institute of

Jamaica Cabin, 23 November 1968, black light trap,

4000 feet, R. E. Woodruff; and 1 female, Chester

Vales, July 1936, by W. G. Lynn. Paratypes in the

Cuban National Collection, the Canadian National

Collection, the United States National Museum, and

the private collections of H. F. Howden and R. E.

Woodruff.

REMARKS.—The rather long series of R. zayasi shows

surprisingly little variation. Length varies from 4.3 mm

to 4.8 mm or slightly more depending on the position of

the head. The rows of elytral punctures of the second

interval usually show the two outside rows uniting

transversely to give a single row of elongate punctures.

Occasionally all three rows unite with single punctures

from one costa to the next. Rarely the punctures of all

three rows are at least partly separate and distinct.

We are delighted to name this fine species after

Fernando de Zayas, the eminent Cuban entomologist

who collected such a fine series on his home island. The

earliest collected specimen of Rhyparus from the Western Hemisphere, known to us, is the specimen of this

species collected by W. G. Lynn in Jamaica in 1936.

4. Rhyparus isidroi, new species

FIGURE 13

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 5.3 mm, width 1.9 mm.

Elongate, parallel, very dark brown, elytra black. Clypeus with double anterior edge, lower edge with wide,

median, angular tooth downward; separated from

upper edge by a wide, shallow furrow from gena to

gena; upper edge with 4 obtuse angles or teeth more

widely spaced anteriorly than laterally, margin nearly

straight between median pair, laterally the margin

sinuate and moderately deeply emarginate; genae

broadly rounded; disc of clypeus convex, almost circularly separated from surrounding weakly concave

area by deep furrows, 2 widely spaced, low elongate,

slightly arcuate tubercles at middle as widely separated

as the median pair of frontal tubercles or ridges; front

with 4 moderately high ridges, the middle pair distinctly shorter than outside pair and separated by half

the distance to the outside pair; all furrows and general surface apparently as in /?. sculpturatus but mostly

covered by encrusted foreign material, which adhered

so tightly it was impossible to remove it

Pronotum quadrate, with 8 low, rounded, longitudinal ridges, the 1st pair constricted between the

deep transverse fossae at anterior third, the 2nd pair

widely interrupted by the fossae, the first 2 pairs nearly

straight to posterior margin, punctures vaguely indicated, and surface obscured by encrusted foreign material (see description of allotype).

Elytra feebly shining, elongate, length 3.7 mm,

width 1.9 mm; each elytron with 4 weakly elevated

costae between the wide flat sutural costa and lateral

margin, the 1st pair weakly arcuate inward over anterior three-fourths, becoming much wider over posterior fourth, the outside edges curving toward the 2nd

pair which are parallel with the 1st and also enlarged

apically; 3rd pair straight except for an anterior curve

up over the humeri; 4th pair slightly arcuate posteriorly to a very obtuse angle then upward to swollen

triangular mass, then curving back to the sutural costae, the inner angles of the 4th pair almost touching

the ends of the 1st pair; first 3 pairs tipped with glandular material, the 4th covered by the same material

from end of 3rd pair to the sutural costae. First pair

of intervals with short 3rd row of punctures basally,

an outside row of very coarse, round punctures separated by one-third or less than their diameters, the inner row about half as coarse separated by a depressed

area which becomes a distinct groove over posterior

half; 2nd and 3rd intervals with 3 rows of very coarse,

close, round punctures; 4th with a single row; surface

smooth and shining apically between the costae. All

ridges with fine, short, appressed hairs each side of

their summits. The apex of the elytra very coarsely,

deeply punctate below the large terminal masses of the

4th pair of costa. Underside and legs duplicate R.

sculpturatus except that the midline furrow of the

metastemum extends slightly farther forward and posteriorly is not so evidently open; and the terminal abdominal segment is three times as long at middle as

the preceding segment.
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ALLOTYPE FEMALE.—Length 5.4 mm, width 2.0 mm.

Duplicates the male in general but the surface of the

head and pronotum is clean and visible. Except for

the shining ridges and tubercles the entire surface of

the head and pronotum is finely alutaceous and

opaque; the squares of 4 punctures between the anterior pronotal ridges usually so distinct in other species are barely discernible, the punctures are obscured

over the bridge between the transverse fossae but unite

in short deep furrow where the ridges begin to diverge, a deep puncture is found close on each side of

the 1st ridges at basal third and the usual marginal

punctures are evident across the basal margin. The

terminal abdominal segment is shorter, twice the

length of the preceding and the middle and posterior

tibiae lack the spurlike spines or teeth found in the

male.

Holotype male, USNM 69925, Costa Rica, Province

of San Jose, San Isidro de Coronado, Finca J. Smids,

13-IV-67, E. B. Fagan, black light trap, R. E. Woodruff collection. Allotype female same data except collection date, 3-VI-67.

REMARKS.—Rhyparus isidroi, one of the larger species, resembles mexicanus in size and color but differs

in having three distinct rows of punctures on the second interval. It differs from all others in the first row

of punctures of the first interval being smaller and

forming a furrow along the sutural costa.

5. Rhyparus costaricensis, new species

FIGURE 14

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 4 mm, width 1.4 mm.

Elongate, parallel, feebly shining, dark reddish brown,

almost black. Clypeus with double anterior edge, lower

with a broad, low angle downward, separated from upper by a coarse deep furrow from gena to gena, upper

edge with 4 equally spaced angular teeth, posterior

2 separated from obtusely rounded genae by distinct

notches at frontal suture, clypeal margin moderately

deeply arcuately emarginate between teeth; disc of

clypeus convex, circular, with 2 central elongate tubercles and some fine scattered punctures, disc separated from slightly concave surrounding area by a fine

deep furrow narrowly broken at frontal suture, upper

part tending to follow suture outward and inwardly

curving around and between middle frontal tubercles;

4 frontal tubercles high, three times as long as wide,

middle pair nearer together by about one-third less than

distance to outer tubercles; basally and slightly between outside tubercles with moderate punctures

separated by about their own diameters, laterally a

deep furrow follows the curvature of the eye down into

a large deep pore at base of gena; head everywhere

finely alutaceous.

Pronotum quadrate with 8 interrupted longitudinal carinalike ridges from apex to base, 2 deep, transverse, cavernous pits completely severing the 2nd ridges

and constricting 1st and 3rd pairs; 1st pair of ridges

obliterated on narrowed bridge separating pits then

continuing and diverging to basal pronotal margin; 2nd

pair of ridges widely severed by pits at anterior third

then continuing to base; surface between anterior parts

of 2nd and 3rd ridges extends obliquely into an angular

point out over the deep pits toward basal sections of

2nd ridges thus constricting pits in hourglass fashion;

3rd pair of ridges greatly depressed and almost severed

by pits which continue on narrowly to 4th ridges which

also are almost severed; basal sections of 3rd and 4th

ridges sinuate-arcuate when viewed from top or side;

moderate widely spaced punctures form squares in

anterior fourth between ridges, those posteriorly on

each side of forward part of 2nd ridge become lines

converging downward into the deep pit; midline punctures, behind the forward square of punctures, smaller

and scattered on bridge, those exactly on midline running together at midpoint, at basal fourth a large deep

puncture appears each side close to ridges, with another

pair of large deep punctures at basal margin close to

ridges; between 1st and 2nd ridges, at basal fourth,

3 deep punctures unite in a line obliquely forward, at

basal pronotal margin usual 2 large deep punctures

unite into a single large transverse puncture; between

2nd and 3rd ridges a single puncture is found close to

3rd ridge at basal fourth and the basal marginal punctures appear as one; basal margin very finely carinate.

Elytra subparallel, slightly wider at basal third,

length 2.4 mm, width 1.4 mm. Basal edge very finely

carinate; each elytron with the usual flat sutural margin

or costa and 4 sharply convex costae with coarsely

punctate intervals; 1st costa slightly elevated basally,

straight over disc then diverging from suture and gradually swelling to an enlarged posterior end; 2nd costa

even and straight to posterior fourth then gradually

curving outward but not enlarging terminally; 3rd

costa even and straight except at base where it curves

sharply upward over humeral umbone; 4th costae even

and slightly sinuate to a prominent posterior angle

from which it curves upward to a somewhat angular
NUMBER 21 13

swelling then down to a junction with the sutural costa,

swelling angled slightly along inner margin toward

enlarged end of 1st costa but remaining widely separated, space between bulbous end of 4th costa and

ends of other 3 filled with yellowish masses of glandular

material; longitudinal rows of coarse deep punctures

fill intervals, punctures and rows separated by less than

diameters of punctures, outward from suture intervals

have 2, 3, 3, 2, and 1 rows of punctures, 1st interval

with 3 or 4 punctures of a median 3rd row at base,

posteriorly punctures disappear over declivity leaving

a smooth shining surface between the costae. Ridges

and costae have on each side of summit, a row of

close, short, very fine, appressed hairs directed obliquely

upward and backward. Underside and legs as in other

species but with the innermost 2 deep pits behind

mesocoxa comparatively small, extending slightly into

intercoxal space, triangular as in zayasi and separated

narrowly from other larger pit; terminal segment of

abdomen angulate forward at middle.

Anterior femora with strong wide anterior groove,

posterior margin widely deeply emarginate or sinuate,

surface with evenly distributed moderate, setigerous

punctures separated by about their diameter; trochanter with narrow rim and concave disc; tibiae with 2

sharp terminal teeth, underside with strong carina

lengthwise between marginal grooves; tarsi short, onehalf length of tibiae. Middle femora punctate as in

preceding, posterior edge excavated to leave dorsal

and ventral margins, the dorsal margin widely sinuate

to form 2 wide blunt teeth; tibiae with strong terminal

tooth set inward at right angles, terminal fringe of

spicules numerous, short, close; 1st tarsal segment

slightly longer than next 3 combined. Hind femora

similar to middle but more slender and moderately

arcuate upward around body; tibiae as on middle legs,

1st tarsal segment relatively longer, about equal to following 4 segments combined; claws fine, hairlike.

ALLOTYPE FEMALE.—Length 4.1 mm, width 1.5 mm.

Apparently identical with male except that middle and

posterior tibiae do not have the large triangular tooth

projecting inward from end of tibiae, only a small

spine projects backward in female; anterior tibiae

bear a small spine on inner terminal margin in addition to median and lateral teeth. The pygidium is

radically different in bearing a sharp median toothlike

spine at apex directed downward at right angles to

body, the tooth about one-fourth length of visible

part of pygidium.

Holotype, allotype, 2 male and 1 female paratypes,

Costa Rica, Province of San Jose, San Isidro del General, collected in a black light trap, 30 July 1964, by

R. E. Woodruff. One male paratype, Mexico, State

of Veracruz, Lake Catemaco, Coyame, black light trap,

1-8 July 1963, R. E. Woodruff. One male, 1 female

paratype, Mexico, Nayarit, 6 miles north Compostela,

14 August 1963, black light, A. R. Hardy.

Holotype, USNM 69926, allotype and paratype in

United States National Museum, paratypes in R. E.

Woodruff collection.

6. Rhyparus blantoni, new species

FIGURE 8

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 4.5 mm, width 1.7 mm.

Elongate, parallel, feebly shining, black. Clypeus with

double anterior edge, lower edge with a wide, median,

angular tooth pointing downward and slightly backward; separated from upper edge by a wide, shallow,

indistinct furrow extending from gena to gena with

a few coarse punctures at middle and 1 or 2 laterally,

most of the flat surface finely scabriculate, upper edge

with 4 obtuse angles or teeth about equally spaced, the

median pair separated by a shallow median emargination, each of these separated from the lateral tooth

by a deeper emargination; the 2 lateral angles separated from the adjoining genae by a noticeable notch;

almost circular disc convex with 2 shiny, carina-like,

elongate tubercles slightly converging anteriorly, the

circular disc set apart from the remainder of the

slightly concave surface by a deep groove except narrowly in the frontal area. Front with 4 high shinytopped tubercles or ridges, the middle 2 closer together,

separated by a distance equal to their own width, and

from the outer tubercles by twice that distance. From

the base of the outer tubercle a deep groove extending

to a large deep pit in base of gena in front of the eye,

and a narrower short groove at anterior base of outer

tubercle. Surface alutaceous everywhere except for the

shining carina-like tips of the tubercles; basally and between the frontal tubercles, the punctures close, very

moderate, separated by a distance equal to the width

of their diameter or less.

Pronotum wider in front than at base, with 8 high,

elongate, longitudinal ridges with shining, carina-like

tops about equally spaced across anterior fourth, a

square of 4 large deep punctures between adjoining

ridges; the ridges rise steeply from anterior pronotal

margin and curve over and down posteriorly to deep
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

transverse irregular pits; behind these pits the ridges

continue on to base of pronotum, the median pair depressed and closer together, separating the deep transverse pits, then diverging toward base; the ridges of

the 2nd pair are widely interrupted by the pits then

continue straight to the base; ridges of the 3rd pair

broken into 3 parts, the basal part almost a rounded

tubercle; those of the outside pair, which from above

appear as the pronotal edge, are deeply interrupted at

anterior third and from middle curve in concave outline to base. At basal third a pair of large coarse

punctures between adjoining ridges forms a transverse

row across the pronotum and a similar row appears

along the base. All ridges have a row of scattered white

hairs near their summits.

Elytra generally dull, alutaceous, elongate, length

2.8 mm, width 1.7 mm; each elytron with 4 sinuate

costae between flat sutural costa and lateral margin,

separated by coarsely punctate intervals. First pair of

costae narrow and high at base and apex, gradually

much narrower and less elevated over middle, 2nd pair

uniform in width and height over full length; first 2

pairs strongly sinuate, the long middle sections and ends

curving inward toward suture; 3rd pair of costae uniform in height, curving sharply up over humeral umbones and continuing with slight inward arcuation with

decreasing elevation at posterior ends in terminal pits;

4th pair of nearly uniform height, slightly sinuate to

prominent posterior angles then continuing upward

around the deep posterior elytral pits and enlarging

into large triangular bulbous termini which angle inward over the pits and almost touch the ends of the

1st pair of costae, then down to junction with the

sutural costae; lateral margin bordered with a low

carina which almost disappears in middle section; intervals between costae with rows of large, coarse, deep

punctures usually separated by their diameter or less;

outward from the suture successive intervals show the

number of rows of punctures to be 2, 2, 3, 2, 1; apically

the surface between the costae becomes very noticeably

smooth and shiny. Along each side near their summits, both pronotal and elytral costae have rows of

short, white, very fine, closely appressed hairs directly

obliquely backward. The deep terminal pits, constricted

by the 1st and 4th costae, are apparently coated with a

surface of yellowish-brown glandular substance. The

deep pronotal pits seem to be similarly coated.

Prosternal processes greatly elevated above general

surface much as in Figure 5, anterior process with a

basal, elongate puncture behind median longitudinal

carina with lateral furrows each side, posterior projection a 4-pointed star with large central pit or puncture. Mesosternum shagreened with extremely fine,

very close, short, appressed hairs; depressed posteriorly

at middle before the carina between middle coxae.

Metasternum at much higher plane than mesosternum

with large triangular intercoxal area connected at

tip with nearly vertical carina to lower mesosternal

surface. Two large deep pits and wide lateral furrow

narrowly separated from each other behind each

middle coxa; posterior two-thirds of midline a wide (as

wide as posterior femur), deep alutaceous depression

or furrow rounded at anterior end and almost open

posteriorly; the wide lateral furrow deeper anteriorly, posteriorly turning inward along posterior margin

and slightly undercutting the angle of the surface

within; surface between midline and lateral-posterior

furrow much roughened by deep punctures of various

sizes, alutaceous everywhere and with numerous but

scattered short, fine, appressed hairs. Metasternum

drawn angularly backward at middle to meet 1st abdominal segment similarly angulate forward to narrowly separated posterior coxae.

Abdominal segments separated by very deep Vshaped furrows leaving the general flattened surface

of each segment very short, less than width of the

furrow, the segments widening laterally to enclose a

large triangular pore or puncture; terminal segment

three times as long as preceding segment, outer fourth

somewhat concave leaving an elevated middle half

of total width, this somewhat quadrate flattened area

with 2 large depressions separated by a longitudinal

carina; surface alutaceous everywhere and with usual

short, fine, appressed hairs. Pygidium triangular with

large triangular depression each side of a median,

shorter, similar depression down from the wide furrow

above the pygidium.

Anterior femora with perimarginal groove, surface

with close, coarse to fine setigerous punctures outward

to knee; tibiae explanate along outer anterior margin,

a single terminal tooth; tarsi less than half length of

tibiae; claws minute. Middle femur swollen, the

convex alutaceous surface with close, setigerous, moderate-to-fine punctures, anteriorly with a row of stiff

setae, posterior margin with 2 low obtuse triangular

teeth equally separated from each other and ends of

femur; tibia slightly arcuate outward with strong

terminal tooth on inside; 1st tarsal segment equal in
NUMBER 21 15

length to next 3 combined. Posterior femora and tibiae

similar to middle but longer more slender, and less

swollen at base, teeth on posterior margin almost imperceptible, strongly arcuate to conform to shape of

body; tibiae similar to those of middle leg but with

terminal tooth smaller; terminal fimbriae short, uniform, extremely close, and numerous.

Holotype, only specimen known, USNM 69920, Panama, Almirante, 15 December 1952, in trap light by

F. S. Blanton.

REMARKS.—We are pleased to name this species

after its collector, Dr. F. S. Blanton, who has been interested in the insect fauna of Central American for

many years and has greatly increased our knowledge

of the area.

Rhyparus blantoni and the very similar R. suspiciosus are distinguished by the shape of the pronotum

(see Figures 8 and 9), the unusual appearance of the

elytra because of the fine depressed first pair of costae,

and the posteriorly sinuate second pair of costae. The

completely broken third pair of costae of blantoni is a

character shared only with the quite different opacus

and spangleri.

7. Rhyparus suspiciosus, new species

FIGURE 9

HOLOTYPE FEMALE.—Length 4.5 mm, width 1.9 mm.

Elongate, widest at anterior third of elytra, blackish

brown, legs dark red brown, pronotum opaque, elytra

weakly shining. Clypeus with double anterior edge,

the lower with a wide, median, angular tooth directed

downward and somewhat masked by a mustache of

close, fine, noticeable hairs, separated from the upper

edge by a deep, wide, punctuate furrow from gena

to gena, upper edge with the usual 4 obtuse, about

equally spaced angles, those adjoining the genae more

rounded than usual, margin between the angles nearly

straight anteriorly, moderately deeply emarginate laterally; almost circular disc of clypeus convex, with 2

short, median shiny tubercles, disc separated from surrounding slightly concave areas by deep furrows or

grooves. Front with 4 high, shiny-topped tubercles or

ridges, the middle 2 separated by half the distance

to the outer pair; a deepening groove from base of

outer tubercle to a pit behind the gena, occipital area

with a band of close moderate, setigerous punctures,

the length of the light colored setae about twice the

diameter of the puncture, appressed, and directed forward; surface of head otherwise opaque and finely

alutaceous.

Pronotum with 8 longitudinal ridges more or less

interrupted by deep transverse fossae at anterior third.

In front of the fossae the ridges are high and thin,

separated by square of deep punctures. The 1st pair

of ridges are constricted by the fossae then diverge to

base of pronotum; 2nd pair, completely interrupted by

the fossae, continue almost straight to base; 3rd pair

sinuate, greatly depressed by fossae but continue unbroken to pronotal margin. Ridges of 1st pair slightly

pinched by deep, coarse punctures each side at basal

third, a similar puncture at basal third and found close

on inside of 3rd pair of ridges, 2 large, deep, coarse

punctures between adjoining ridges form a basal row

in front of the sharp, thin basal edge of pronotum.

The outside pair of ridges are also interrupted at basal

third by deep fossae, the fossae not visible from directly

above, but the anterior parts of the ridges appear from

above as prominent, sharply rounded, anterior angles

of the pronotum (see Figure 9). Where visible, surface

of pronotum smooth, dull, minutely alutaceous.

Elytra, length 3 mm, width 1.9 mm at anterior third,

each elytron with 4 costae between flat sutural costa

and lateral margin. First pair of costae higher at base

and apex, finer and lower over middle, slightly arcuate

inward; 2nd pair uniform in height, strongly sinuate

over posterior half and curving toward suture; 3rd

pair curves up over prominent humeral umbone but

is weakly elevated, especially at posterior end; 4th

pair strong, sinuate outward posteriorly to prominent

angle, then up to a moderate somewhat triangular

swelling and down to the sutural costa, the inner angle

of the triangular swelling narrowly separated from end

of 1st costa. First 3 pairs of costae tipped with lightcolored glandular masses with similar material along

opposite areas of 4th pair. First 2 pairs of intervals

with 2 rows of coarse, close, deep punctures, 3rd with

3 rows, 4th with 2, 5th with 1. Apically the punctures

give way to shiny smooth areas, the inner row first

to disappear. Apical areas below 4th costae coarsely,

deeply, closely punctuate. All ridges and costae with

the usual rows of fine, close, short, appressed, whitish

hairs directed obliquely backward near their summits.

Prosternal processes elevated above general surface.

Anterior process with narrow, elongate, sharp-edge

puncture basally and fine carina anteriorly to rounded

tip, laterally a flattened area each side of carina back

and downward at sides. Posterior process a 4-pointed
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

star with central puncture, the posterior point with

explanate lower edges, the middle lateral points short

and thin. Mesosternum shagreened, posteriorly depressed at middle. Metasternum at much higher plane

than mesosternum and connected to it by a vertical

carina. Two large deep pits, the inner less than half as

wide as outer, and wide, lateral furrow narrowly separated behind middle coxa; midline furrow deep, as

wide as lateral furrow, extending forward to a point

even with posterior margins of the lateral pits; the

deep, wide, lateral furrow bending inward along

posterior margin in front of the posterior coxa, slightly

undercutting the higher enclosed area; surface, including triangular tip between middle coxae, with close,

very shallow, moderate, setigerous punctures, the fine,

appressed, posteriorly directed hairs about twice as

long as diameter of their punctures. Abdominal segments separated by equally wide deep sutures laterally

with large deep, triangular depressions, terminal segment about four times as long as flat surface of preceding segment, flattened surfaces everywhere with

fine, setigerous punctures, the light colored hairs appressed as usual. Pygidium with Y-shaped carina enclosing a deep median depression with large lateral

depressions on each side.

Anterior femora with perimarginal groove, surface

with shallow coarse-to-moderate setigerous punctures;

foretibiae explanate over anterior half of outer margin;

2 terminal teeth. Middle femora constricted at outer

fifth near knee, posterior margin with 2 blunt large,

rounded teeth, surface with close, fine, setigerous punctures separated by up to twice their diameters. Posterior femora longer, about two-thirds as wide as

middle femora, arcuate to conform to shape of body,

surface vestiture same as middle femora. Middle and

hind tibiae with setigerous punctures much closer, more

on under surface, smooth on upper; middle and hind

tarsi hairy on underside; 1st tarsal segment of middle

leg shorter than remaining 4 together, 1st segment of

hind tarsi longer than remaining 4 combined, all claws

very fine. Small terminal spine of middle and hind

tibiae directed straight back, the posterior tibial fringe

fine, close, and very short.

Holotype female, USNM 69921, Costa Rica, Province of Cartago, Turrialba, Instituto Interamericano de

Ciencias Agricolas, R. E. Woodruff collection, 17-

VIII-64, in black light trap.

REMARKS.—Rhyparus suspiciosus superficially resembles R. blantoni rather closely, especially in the

very similar first two pairs of elytral costae. Even

here, however, there are differences. In suspiciosus the

costae are not as heavy, posteriorly the sinuation of the

second pair starts farther back, is greater, with the inward curve less sharp and the less prominent tips ending closer to the first pair. The swollen, triangular,

apical parts of the fourth costae are smaller and overhang the elytral apex less. A more noticeable difference

is found between the ridges of the pronotum, those of

blantoni being heavier with the third pair completely

broken at the posterior third. R. suspiciosus has no such

break. Punctures and midline depression of the metasternum are quite different, punctures being deep and

coarse in blantoni, moderate and shallow in suspiciosus,

the midline depression three times as wide as lateral

groove in blantoni, about equal in suspiciosus. The

transverse groove between the two edges of the clypeus

is wide, long, and deep in suspiciosus, reduced to a few

punctures leaving a wide, flat, scabriculate edge in

blantoni.

8. Rhyparus sculpturatus, new species

FIGURE 12

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 5.0 mm, width 1.7 mm.

Elongate, subparallel, dull, black; genae and legs dark

reddish brown. Clypeus with double anterior edge,

lower edge with wide, median angular tooth pointing

downward; separated from upper edge by a wide, shallow furrow extending from gena to gena, the median

third with several deep, coarse punctures; upper edge

with 4 obtuse angles or teeth about equally spaced,

median pair separated by nearly straight anterior margin, lateral margin moderately emarginate between

teeth; genae broadly rounded; almost circular, convex

disc with 2 low elongate tubercles; disc separated from

slightly concave surrounding area by a deep groove

around slightly more than anterior half, posteriorly

similar sinuate grooves follow clypeal frontal suture inward from each side then curve sharply posteriorly to

unite between middle basal ridges, leaving disc with a

noticeable angle basally; front with 4 moderately high

tubercles or ridges, middle 2 rather narrowly separated

by the furrow mentioned above, the outer tubercles separated away by twice the distance between middle 2;

from base of outer tubercle a deep furrow follows

curvature of the eye to a deep pit behind the gena; surface of head minutely alutaceous, otherwise with scattered, moderate, setigerous punctures, generally sepa-
NUMBER 21 17

rated by a distance about equal to their diameters, the

setae appressed, short, about as long as diameter of its

puncture. Pronotum quadrate, with 8 moderately high

longitudinal ridges, the 2nd pair completely, narrowly

interrupted at anterior third by deep transverse fossae or pits, the others depressed at anterior third leaving

the high, elongate anterior ends about equally spaced

across anterior fourth of pronotum, a square of large

deep punctures between them, those posteriorly on each

side of 2nd pair of ridges forming elongate furrows

converging downward into the deep transverse pits;

the flattened surface between 2nd and 3rd ridges here

extends diagonally backward behind the 2nd ridge to

nearly meet the longer posterior part of the 2nd ridge;

behind the transverse pits the pronotal ridges continue

on to posterior margin. The middle ridges converge at

anterior third with a rather narrow, strongly punctate

bridge, then diverge arcuately to basal margin; the

basal parts of 2nd pair of ridges straight to margin; at

basal third middle ridges with 2 deep, coarse punctures

between them, 3 punctures between 1st and 2nd pair,

and a single large puncture on each side of 3rd ridges

so close as to constrict the ridges; basally 2 large punctures between adjoining ridges form a row close to the

sharp cariniform margin.

Elytra feebly shining, elongate, widest at anterior

third, length 3.1 mm, width 1.7 mm; each elytron with

4 costae between flattened sutural costa and lateral

margin, separated by coarsely punctate intervals. First

2 pairs of costae arcuate inward, 1st pair more elevated

basally, slightly sinuate apically, their tips slightly flaring away from each other; 2nd pair evenly elevated,

apically curving inward; 3rd pair nearly straight,

evenly elevated; 4th pair apically sinuate outward to

an angular tubercle then curving upward to an enlarged more or less triangular mass then down to unite

with the sutural costate above the elytral apex, on the

inner side the 4th pair angles inward sharply opposite

the ends of the 2nd pair with the area between covered

by a whitish glandular mass, the mass not united but

showing individual smaller areas around tips of first

3 pairs of costae and masses each side of the inner

apical angle of the 4th; tip of the 1st separated by its

greatest apical width from opposite 4th costae. First,

2nd, and 4th interval with 2 rows, 3rd with 3 rows,

5th with 1 row of large, coarse punctures; discal punctures separated by less than half their diameters, apically the innermost row becomes smaller and finally disappears in a shiny smooth surface, the outside row of

each interval ends abruptly without change in size.

Humeri noticeably prominent, coarsely, shallowly, setigerously punctate, the setae short, appressed. The

coarse elytral punctures also bear a short, horizontal

hair or setae from their upper anterior edge, recurving

slightly down into the puncture. All ridges and costae

have a row of short, close, appressed, fine whitish

hairs directed obliquely backward along each side near

their summits.

Prosternal processes greatly elevated above general

surface as in Figure 5, the anterior process with a basal,

elongate puncture behind a median longitudinal carina

and lateral furrow each side, the posterior process a 4-

pointed star with large central pit or puncture. Mesosternum shagreened with extremely fine, very close,

short, appressed hairs; depressed posteriorly at middle

before the carina between the coxae. Metasternum at

much higher plane than mesostemum with intercoxal

area connected at anterior tip with nearly vertical

carina to lower mesostemal surface. Two large deep

pits and wide lateral furrow narrowly separated from

each other behind middle coxae, the 2nd or intermediate pit twice as large as the 1st pit; midline furrow wide

and deep, extending over about posterior three-fifths,

open at posterior end. The wide lateral furrow extends

to posterior edge then changes direction abruptly to

follow the margin inward three-fourths distance to

midline, then forward in a vaguely depressed furrow

parallel with the midline furrow, thus enclosing a

square area covered by large, very shallow setigerous

punctures; the remaining area each side of and in front

of the midline furrow with moderately close, fine,

setigerous punctures, all the setae or hairs very fine,

appressed, and longer than the diameter of their punctures. Abdominal segments separated by wide, deep

sutures, the segments and sutures about equal at

middle; surface dull, finely alutaceous, with scattered,

fine setigerous punctures, separated by 4 diameters or

less, the fine hairs appressed; laterally a large triangular

pit very noticeable on each of the 3 middle segments,

lateral depressions much smaller on 1st visible and

terminal segments. Terminal segment twice as long at

middle as preceding segment but not otherwise modified. Pygidium with 3 deep, basal, narrowly separated

depressions, the lateral 2 more than twice as wide as the

middle and gradually shallower posteriorly; apically a

few fine, setigerous punctures separated by a distance

about equal to their diameter.
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Anterior femora with perimarginal groove, widest

in front, widely emarginate along posterior margin;

surface dull, with close, moderately coarse, shallow,

setigerous punctures; anterior tibiae explanate apically along two-thirds of outer margin, 2 apical teeth.

Middle femora with 2 blunt, widely triangular teeth

along posterior margin and constricted along anterior

edge at apical fourth, surface minutely alutaceous,

with close setigerous punctures about half the size of

those on profemora; middle tibiae with strong, sharp,

apical tooth set at right angle to tibia. Posterior femora longer than middle femora but similarly punctate, posterior margin constricted at knee, arcuate to

conform to curvature of body; tibiae slightly arcuate

outward, with fine setigerous punctures as on femora,

a right-angled tooth on inner apical margin, apical

margin fimbriate with very short, very close fimbriae;

1st tarsal segment equal in length to remaining 4 combined ; claws short, hairlike.

Female unknown.

Holotype, only specimen known, USNM 69924,

Costa Rica, Province of San Jose, San Isidro de Coronado, Finca Joseph Smids, 5500 feet, 11, 12-VI-67,

E. B. Fagan, black light trap, R. E. Woodruff

collection.

REMARKS.—Rhyparus sculpturatus is separated

from other American species by the second elytral interval having two rows of deep, round, close, very

coarse punctures, and the inner apical triangle of the

fourth costa opposite the end of the second costa, the

apical glandular areas distinctly separated, and fourth

costa widely separated from the ends of the first three.

9. Rhyparus mexicanus, new species

FIGURE 10

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 5.0 mm, width 1.8 mm.

Elongate, parallel, shining. Clypeus with double anterior edge, lower edge with median mustache of close,

fine, golden hairs, the 2 edges separated by a deep

furrow extending from gena to gena, the furrow punctured with very large punctures; upper of the 2 thin

edges angulate each side of shallow emargination, edge

continuing about same distance to similar angles each

side just in front of genae. Oval disc of clypeus surrounded by a deep furrow, leaving disc with rounded

anterior outline and somewhat angulate (or pointed)

posteriorly between the anterior ends of middle pair

of 4 elongate frontal tubercles; discal area convex,

surface shining and smooth except for 2 low elongate

tubercles at middle and scattered shallow punctures,

each bearing a fine, very short, anteriorly directed

hair. Middle 2 of 4 elongate frontal tubercles separated by half the distance to outside tubercles, wider

areas between tublercles, and basal area of the head

covered with close, shallow, coarse punctures separated

by a distance equal to about one-half their diameter

and each bearing a very fine, golden, anteriorly directed hair, hairs slightly longer than the diameters

of the punctures.

Pronotum quadrate, with the characteristic pattern

of deep foveae, coarse punctures, and ridges. Viewed

from directly above there are 6 longitudinal ridges

widely interrupted, except middle pair, by very deep

transverse irregular foveae just in front of middle,

whole pronotum depressed each side of middle in

same area. Along anterior pronotal margin the ends of

the 6 carinae form high elongate tubercles about

equally distant from each other with a square of 4

coarse punctures between them, anterior pair of punctures smaller than posterior pair, leaving a shining

transverse connection between the bases of the large

tubercles. Middle pair of longitudinal ridges obsolete

over punctate, slighdy constricted bridge between the

deep transverse pits each side at anterior third, then

continuing on to base of pronotum arcuately curving

first away then toward each other approaching the

basal margin; the 2nd pair widely interrupted by the

transverse pits, with basal segments curving parallel

with 1st pair; close outside 2nd pair a secondary, less

elevated, shorter pair of similarly interrupted ridges

do not extend to either anterior or posterior pronotal

margins; 3rd pair of ridges complete, depressed at anterior third and posterior fourth with the middle section

bowing outward laterally. Large posterior marginal

pits or punctures separate bases of the long carinae

and leave a sharp fine posterior margin. A transverse

row of 6 large punctures in pairs noticeable at basal

third between the carinae.

Elytra shiny, elongate, subparallel, length 3.0 mm,

width 1.8 mm, each elytron with 4 costae between the

flat sutural costa and lateral margin, separated by

coarsely punctate intervals. First costa slightly higher

basally and wider and bulbously enlarged apically, 2nd

costa about uniform width for its entire length, 3rd

costa not quite reaching humerus, 4th costa appearing

as elytral margin when viewed from directly above;

2nd and 3rd costae shorter than the 1st and only

slightly enlarged apically; 4th costa angles upward
NUMBER 21 19

apically to an enlarged point or knob near end of the

1st, then curves downward to tip of elytron. The 2

apical angles of the 4th costa are enlarged and prominent. All costae have rows of fine, very close punctures each side of their summits with short, extremely

fine, appressed silvery hairs directed diagonally backward toward top of costa. The apical enlarged ends

of 1st costae almost touch inner points of upper knobs

of the 4th, a slightly yellowish material, possibly a compact glandular substance (see Figure 10), is present

on the upper side of the 4th and ends of the inner 3

costae. First, 2nd, and 4th punctured intervals have 2

discal rows of coarse punctures, 3rd has 3 rows, and 5th

a single row; basally a short 3rd row on 1st interval,

1st costa diverging slightly from sutural costa in this

area. Coarse punctures over discal area separated by a

distance less than their diameter and about as wide as

sutural costa. Terminal area at apex below 4th costa

filled with close, medium punctures above marginal

row of coarse punctures, mixed fine and very fine punctures along extreme edge. Humeri convex, somewhat

bulbous, finely punctate with fine, short, appressed hair

from each puncture. Most coarse elytra! punctures with

an extremely fine, inconspicuous, appressed hair backward from anterior edge and equaling in length the

diameter of the puncture. Sutural costae show a single

row of close, minute punctures their full length.

Prosternal processes before and behind anterior

coxae subequal in length to width of profemur. Anterior process pointed, a carina extending back from

tip and dividing midway to surround a deep elongate

sulcus, laterally a similar sulcus, constricted at middle,

for full length; posterior process similar to a 4-pointed

star with a deep round puncture at middle of star, 1

point of which extends forward between the coxae.

Both prosternal processes are set up high above general surface of prosternum. Mesosternum densely,

finely punctate, punctures bearing fine hairs. Metasternum with sharply angulate process extending between

the middle coxae; midline furrow wide, deep, extending three-fourths length of sternum, open at its

posterior end; 2 deep triangular fosssae behind each

coxae, flat discal surface each side as wide as midline

furrow, shining and bearing fine shallow punctures;

outside the narrow flat discal area the surface with

shallow, moderately coarse punctures separated generally by a distance less than their diameters, a wide,

depressed shallow furrow with close moderate punctures more or less in 3 rows just inside the finely carinate extreme lateral edges, basal edge with finely

carinate edge but the enclosed depressed furrow decreasing in width to disappearance at middle third, depressed furrow area in posterior lateral angle slightly

undercutting angle of coarsely punctate central area

to leave a noticeable point or corner; all punctures

bearing the usual extremely fine, silvery, appressed

hair.

Six visible abdominal segments deeply separated,

2nd and 5th eroded or closely coarsely punctate along

each edge (impossible to be sure which because of the

encrusted surface) leaving only the middle 3rd more

or less shining, minutely alutaceous and with rather

numerous long, appressed, silvery hairs; laterally just

inside cariniform edge a large, deep, triangular puncture or sulcus extends inward about one-fifth entire

width; terminal segment slightly angulate anteriorly,

as long as 2 preceding together, with close, moderately

deep punctures bearing usual fine long hair. Pygidium

basally with a median sulcus and large lateral depression each side with very close coarse punctures, apically becoming slightly convex, smooth with rounded

apex.

Anterior femur with deep perimarginal groove, posterior edge sinuate, surface convex, with dense, deep,

moderate, setigerous punctures; trochanter long, thin,

sulcate medially with very fine shining cariniform edge;

tibia with straight inner margin, outside margin laterally expanded over apical half and with a line of close

shallow punctures, a single apical tooth. Middle femur

similar to anterior except in shape, the femur being

constricted along anterior and posterior margin at

apical fourth, and with 2 wide, inconspicuous teeth or

angles at middle and apical fourth; tibia straight, a

sharp conspicuous tooth or spine on inner apical margin, ventrally the apex with fringe of close, short, even

fimbriae; opposite margin with a single needle-like

spine and a few long hairs; tarsus hairy, 1st segment

equal in length to next 3 combined. Posterior femora

longer and narrower than middle femora, slightly

swollen and widest slightly beyond middle, slightly

curved to fit curvature of body, punctures moderate

over apical third, perimarginal groove much wider

along posterior margin; tibiae arcuate, with strong internal apical spine, strong marginal line along inner

edge, lower apical margin with fringe of close, short,

equal fimbriae and 3 strong setae but without spine

on upper edge near lateral spine; tarsi hairy, 1st segment longer than next 4 combined.
20

ALLOTYPE FEMALE.—Length 4.7 mm, width 1.7 mm.

Appears identical to male except middle and hind

tibiae lack the strong, sharp spines turned inward at

apex; a small terminal tooth is found on inner apex

of the front tibiae along with median and external

teeth; pygidium bears a strong, sharp apical spine

much like an ovipositor.

Hokrtype, USNM 69922, allotype, 1 male and 1 female paratypes, Mexico, Veracruz, North Chocaman,

23 July 1966, Flint and Ortiz; 1 female paratype,

Costa Rica, Province of Puntarenas, 2 miles southwest

of San Vito de Java, Finca R. Wilson, 22-24 June

1964, black light trap, R. E. Woodruff, Woodruff

collection; 1 male paratype, Costa Rica, Turrialba,

13-17 March 1965, S. S. and W. D. Duckworth.

10. Rhypants denieri (Martinez), new combination

FIGURE 15

Termitodius denieri Martinez, 1950, p. 167.

HOLOTYPE MALE.—length 4.5 mm, width 1.6 mm.

Elongate, parallel, shinning, reddish brown. Agrees

in all essential features with Central American species.

It keys out with mexicanus, new species, but may be

recognized by the characters listed in the key. Punctures of the pronotum follow the same pattern as in

other species but those on the midline across and

slightly beyond the bridge between the transverse

fossae are coarse and united into a punctate furrow.

Punctures of the metasternum are deeper, closer, and

not quite so coarse as in other species. The terminal

abdominal segment is anteriorly angulate at middle

and at least four times as long at middle as the preceding segment. The tibiae have the usual sharp spurs

of the male. Type from Bolivia, Province of Nor

Yungas, Caranavi.

This specimen is unique among all those examined

in showing the posterior glandular areas as masses of

coarse, sticky hairs, and all parts protruding into the

deep, transverse pronotal fossae to be bordered by very

fine, very close, very short individual hairs.

We are greatly indebted to Dr. Antonio Martinez,

and most grateful for the loan of his type of T. denieri.

It is the only species from South America known to us.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Literature Cited

Arrow, Gilbert J.

1935. A Note on the Genus Rhyparus (Coleoptera,

Aphodiidae), and Descriptions of Three New Species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History,

series 10, 16:157-160.

Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe

1846. Nomenclatoris Zoologici Index Universalts. Pages

1-393. Soloduri.

Audinet-Servillc, Jean Guillaume

1845. Essai Monographique sur les Clerites Insectes:

Coleopteres. par M. le marquis Maximilien Spinola.

Genes, 1844. Analyse. Annales de Societe de Entomologique de France, series 2, 3:227-235.

Balthasar, Vladimir

1964. Monographic der Searabaeidae und Aphodiidae der

palaearktischen und orientalise hen Region. Aphodiidae. 3:1-652. Prague: Tschechoslowagischen

Akademie der Wissenschaftcn.

Dejean, Pierre Francois Marie Angusta

1833. Catalogue des Coleopteres de la Collection de M.

Leconte Dejean. Pages 1-176. Paris.

Martinez, Antonio

1950. Lamellicornia Neotropica, II. In Arthropoda. 1:

167-173.

Neave, Sheffield Airey

1940. Nomenclator Zoologicus. 4:1-758.

Schmidt, Adolf

1910. Coleoptera Lamellicornia, fam. Aphodiidae. In

Wytsman, Genera Insectorum, 110: 1-155, 3 plates.

1922. Coleoptera Aphodiinae. In Das Tierreich, 45:1-

614.

Schoenherr, Carl Johann

1823. Curculionides: Tabula Synoptica Familiae Curculionidum. Isis Oken, columns 1133-1146.

Spinola, Maximilien

1845. Essai Monographique sur les Clerites. 2:1-216,

47 plates.

Wasmann, Erich

1894. Kirtisches Verzeichniss der myrmekophilen und

termitophilen arthropoden. Pages xiii + 231.

Berlin.

Westwood, John Obadiah

1845 [1843]. Journal of Proceedings of the Entomological

Society of London, 6:93.

1847. XXXVII, Descriptions of Some Exotic Insects Belonging to the Family Aphodiidae. Transactions of

the Entomological Society of London, 4:239-243.

Wheeler, Rev. G.

1912. [1911]. On the Dates of Publications of the Entomological Society of London. Transactions of the

Entomological Society of London, 44:750-767.

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