Bridging the 50-State Survey 

of Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation with 

Previous National Survey of 

Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation Trends

Final Methodology Overview

MARCH 2020

WISCONSIN

THE ROCKVILLE INSTITUTE, FOR 

STATE FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES
Suggested Citation:

Rockville Institute. 2020. Bridging the 50-State Surveys of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated 

Recreation with Previous National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 

Trends. Final Methodology Overview: Wisconsin.
 Wisconsin // 1

In 2016, the Rockville Institute conducted the 50-State Survey 

of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 

(FHWAR); see more details in Rockville Institute (2018). 

Concurrently, the Census Bureau conducted the 2016 

National Survey of FHWAR; see more details in U.S. 

Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 

and U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau 

(2018). The two surveys were based on samples of addresses 

intended to be representative of the United States population 

living in households, and used questionnaires as nearly 

identical as possible. Both surveys identified likely sportspersons and wildlife watchers within sampled households, 

and individual participation surveys covered all of calendar 

year 2016. However, differences in sample design, sample 

selection process and mode of data collection resulted in 

estimates that were substantially different between the surveys.

Estimates from the 2016 National Survey of FHWAR are 

directly comparable to those from previous surveys such as 

the 2011 National Survey of FHWAR; see U.S. Department of 

the Interior, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department 

of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau (2014). Due to its modest 

sample size, it can only produce reliable estimates at the 

national and census division level. In contrast, the 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR produced state-level estimates, but these 

estimates are not directly comparable to those from previous 

surveys. The Rockville Institute therefore completed a project 

to create new state-level estimates that are calibrated to those 

of the 2016 National Survey of FHWAR. The dual purpose of 

these calibrated estimates is to maintain the fine level of 

granularity of the 50-State Survey of FHWAR but enable 

comparison to previous National Surveys of FHWAR.

Through this bridging project, the Rockville Institute 

created new state-level tables showing adjusted survey 

estimates by state of residency of the participants. These 

tables show the estimated demographics, participation, 

days, trips and expenditures, for fishing, hunting and 

wildlife-related activities for residents of each of the 50 

states and DC. The tables correspond to Tables 5, 15, 22, 

28, 30, 33, 35, and 36 in the state reports released by the 

Rockville Institute in 2018, with the exception of Tables 28 

and 33, where we report an extended set of statistics 

compared to those reported in the 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR report.

The calibration procedure used to create these tables involved 

a combination of data harmonization and statistical modeling 

of the differences between the two surveys. The procedure 

consisted of the following major steps. First, the estimated 

demographic compositions of both surveys were aligned at 

the census division level, using survey calibration methods. 

Second, a statistical model was developed to account for the 

differences in participation rates in hunting, fishing and 

wildlife-related activities between the two surveys. This 

“bridging model” was used to predict state-level participating 

rates that are consistent with those obtained using the 

Census Bureau methodology. By combining these predicted 

participation rates with the harmonized population estimates, 

calibrated estimates of the numbers of participants in each 

state were obtained. Third, the characteristics of the 

participants’ activities, such as the number and type of 

activities, days of participation and types of associated 

expenditures, were adjusted by means of estimated products 

or ratios of these characteristics between the two surveys. 

Finally, applying these products or ratios to the calibrated 

estimates of the participant numbers made it possible to 

produce the calibrated tables of estimates mentioned above. 

For more details about the bridging project, see Rockville 

Institute (2020).

OVERVIEW
 Wisconsin // 2

References

• Rockville Institute. 2018. 2016 50-State Survey of Fishing, 

Hunting, and Wildlife-Related Recreation: National.

• Rockville Institute. 2020. Bridging the 50-State Surveys 

of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 

with Previous National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and 

Wildlife-Associated Recreation Trends. Final Methodology 

Report. 

• U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census 

Bureau. 2014. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, 

and Wildlife-Related Recreation.

• U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census 

Bureau. 2018. 2016 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, 

and Wildlife-Related Recreation.
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 3

APPENDIX A: POINT ESTIMATES

The tables in Appendix A depict the calibrated point 

estimates, subject to rounding error. The format of the 

calibrated tables in this appendix matches closely the 

format used in the 50-State Survey of FHWAR reports. 

Summary statistics reported in the calibrated tables are 

described below, by table.

Table 5 

Fishing and hunting, participation, days, and trips

• Total fishing participation and total hunting participation: 

product-type statistics derived using model predictions for 

percent participation in the population and total population 

based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR weights.

• Total freshwater, freshwater except Great Lakes, Great 

Lakes, and saltwater fishing participation, total big game, 

small game, migratory birds, and other animals hunting 

participation: product-type statistics derived using total 

fishing participation, total hunting participation, percent 

participation of freshwater, freshwater except Great Lakes, 

Great Lakes, and saltwater fishing in all fishing, and percent 

participation of big game, small game, migratory birds, 

and other animals hunting in all hunting (columns 

denoted by %).

• Total fishing (all and subcategories) days/trips of 

participation and total hunting (all and subcategories) 

days/trips of participation: product-type statistics derived 

using total number of fishing (all and subcategories) 

participants, total number of hunting (all and subcategories) participants, and days/trips per participant 

(not displayed).

• Percent participation (columns denoted by %): statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR 

final weights, using data from the fishing or hunting survey 

for the fishing and hunting sections, respectively.

Table 15

Fishing and hunting, demographics

• Total population (all and subcategories): composite 

statistics constructed using 2-way composite factors to 

adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, using 

data from both the fishing and the hunting surveys.

• Total number of anglers and total number of hunters: 

product-type statistics derived using model predictions for 

percent participation in the population (columns denoted 

by % Pop.), and total population based on adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights.

• Total number of sportspersons: ratio-type statistics derived 

using total number of anglers and percent anglers in 

sportspersons (not displayed).

• Total population, sportspersons, anglers, hunters, by 

demographics: product-type statistics, derived using total 

population, sportspersons, anglers, hunters participation, 

and percent demographic-specific participation in total 

participation (columns denoted by %).

• Percent demographic-specific population, sportspersons, 

anglers, hunters participation in total participation 

(columns denoted by %): composite statistics constructed 

using 2-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final weights, using data from the fishing and 

hunting surveys.

• Percent demographic-specific anglers and hunters 

participation in the total demographic-specific population 

(columns denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived 

using total demographic-specific anglers and hunters 

participation and total demographic-specific population.
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 4

• Percent total and demographic-specific sportspersons 

participation in the total and demographic-specific population (column denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type 

statistics, derived using total population and sportspersons participation.

Table 22

Fishing and hunting, spenders and expenses

• Total fishing and hunting expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount, total fishing expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount, total hunting expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount, and total unspecified expenditure amount: 

product-type statistics derived using expenditure 

amount per participant (columns denoted by Average 

Per Sportsperson), and total sportspersons participation 

(all and subcategories), total anglers participation 

(all and subcategories), total hunters participation 

(all and subcategories) and total sportspersons 

participation, respectively.

• Expenditure amount per participant (columns denoted 

by Average Per Sportsperson) and expenditure amount 

per spender (columns denoted by Average Per Spender):

> Fishing section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, using data 

from the fishing survey only.

> Hunting section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, using data 

from the hunting survey only.

> Fishing and hunting, and unspecified sections: except 

for some expenses and spenders noted in the table 

footnotes, these are composite statistics constructed using 

2-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the fishing and 

hunting surveys.

• Total fishing and hunting (all and subcategories) number 

of spenders, total fishing (all and subcategories) number 

of spenders, total hunting (all and subcategories) number 

of spenders, and total unspecified number of spenders: 

product-type statistics derived using the percent spenders 

in total participation (not displayed), and total 

sportspersons participation (all and subcategories), 

total anglers participation (all and subcategories), total 

hunters participation (all and subcategories) and total 

sportspersons participation, respectively.

Table 28

Wildlife watching, participation, days, and trips

• Total wildlife watching participation: product-type 

statistics derived using model predictions for percent 

participation in the population, and total population 

based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights.

• Total away from home (all and subcategories) and 

around the home (all and subcategories) wildlife watching 

participation: product-type statistics derived using total 

wildlife watching participation, and percent participation 

of away from home (all and subcategories) and around 

the home (all and subcategories) wildlife watching in all 

wildlife watching (columns denoted by %).

• Total wildlife watching (all and subcategories) days/trips 

of participation: product-type statistics derived using 

total number of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) 

participants and days/trips per participant (not displayed).

• Percent participation (columns denoted by %): statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey.

• Percent participation in the total population (column 

denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived 

using total population from Table 30 and wildlife 

watching participation.

Table 30

Wildlife watching, demographics

• Total population (all and subcategories): composite statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR 

final weights, using data from the wildlife watching survey. 

Note that the total population estimates in Tables 15 and 30 

differ due to demographic harmonization without state 

targets estimated from the National Survey of FHWAR 

(information not available); see Rockville Institute (2020) 

for more details about the demographic harmonization.
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 5

• Total number of wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using model predictions for percent participation 

in the population (columns denoted by % Pop.) and 

total population based on adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR weights.

• Total number of away from home or around the home 

wildlife watchers: product-type statistics derived using 

total number of wildlife watchers, and percent away 

from home or around the home wildlife watchers in 

all wildlife watchers (columns denoted by % Pop. in 

Table 35; not displayed).

• Total population, wildlife watchers, away from home, 

around the home, by demographics: product-type statistics, 

derived using total population, wildlife watchers, away 

from home, around the home participation, and percent 

demographic-specific participation in total participation 

(columns denoted by %).

• Percent demographic-specific population, wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home participation in total 

participation (columns denoted by %): composite statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey.

• Percent demographic-specific wildlife watchers, participation in the total demographic-specific population (column 

denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using total 

demographic-specific wildlife watchers participation and 

total demographic-specific population.

• Percent total and demographic-specific away from home 

and around the home participation in the total and 

demographic-specif­ic population (columns denoted 

by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using total population and away from home and around the 

home participation, respectively.

Table 33

Wildlife watching, spenders and expenditures — three 

versions for all wildlife watchers, away from home wildlife 

watchers, and around the home wildlife watchers

• Total wildlife watching expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount: product-type statistics derived using total 

number of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) 

participants and expenditure amount per participant 

(columns denoted by Average Per Wildlife Watcher).

• Expenditure amount per participant (columns denoted by 

Average Per Wildlife Watcher) and expenditure amount 

per spender (columns denoted by Average Per Spender): 

statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey only.

• Total wildlife watching (all and subcategories) number of 

spenders: product-type statistics derived using total number 

of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) participants 

and the percent spenders in total participation 

(columns denoted by Percent of Wildlife Watchers).

• Percent spenders in total participation (columns denoted 

by Percent of Wildlife Watchers): statistics constructed 

using full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, 

using data from the wildlife watching survey only.

Table 35

Wildlife watchers participating in fishing and hunting

• Total number of wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using model predictions for percent participation 

in the population (columns denoted by % Pop. in Table 

30), and total population based on adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final weights (displayed in Table 30).

• Total number of away from home or around the home 

wildlife watchers: product-type statistics derived using 

total number of wildlife watchers, and percent away 

from home or around the home wildlife watchers in all 

wildlife watchers (columns not displayed).

• Total number of wildlife watchers, away from home, 

around the home who did not fish or hunt, fished or 

hunted, fished, hunted: product-type statistics, derived 

using total number of wildlife watchers, and percent 

sportsperson-specific category in the corresponding total 

participation (columns denoted by %).

• Percent sportsperson-specific category in the corresponding total participation (columns denoted by %): statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey.
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 6

Table 36

Sportspersons participating in wildlife watching

• Total number of sportspersons: ratio-type statistics 

derived using total number of anglers, percent anglers 

in sportspersons (not displayed).

• Total number of anglers or total number of hunters: 

product-type statistics derived using model predictions 

for percent participation in the population (columns 

denoted by % Pop. in Table 15), and total population 

based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final 

weights (displayed in Table 15).

• Total number of sportspersons, anglers, or hunters who 

did not wildlife watch, wildlife watch, wildlife watch 

away from home, wildlife watch around the home: 

product-type statistics, derived using total number of 

sportspersons, anglers, or hunters, and percent wildlife 

watcher-specific category in the corresponding total 

participation (columns denoted by %).

• Percent wildlife watcher-specific category in the corresponding total participation (columns denoted by %): 

composite statistics constructed using 3-way composite 

factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final 

weights, using data from the fishing, hunting, and 

wildlife watching surveys.
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 7

Table 5 Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation and Trips in the United States, 

by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2016 

(Population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS DAYS OF PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# % # % # %

ALL FISHING 762 100 11,479 100 7,249 100

All freshwater 762 100 11,471 100 7,241 100

Freshwater, except Great Lakes 759 100 11,114 97 7,038 97

Great Lakes 72 9 357 3 202 3

Saltwater 8 1 8 0 8 0

ALL HUNTING 322 100 5,342 100 2,727 100

Big game 298 93 3,890 73 1,825 67

Small game 93 29 1,130 21 699 26

Migratory birds 28 9 722 14 58 2

Other animals 20 6 275 5 145 5

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 8

Table 15 Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 4,409 100 1,033 23 100 762 17 100 322 7 100

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 3,021 69 519 17 50 483 16 63 109 4 34

Rural 1,388 31 513 37 50 278 20 37 213 15 66

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

3,958 90 910 23 88 672 17 88 274 7 85

1,000,000 or more 1,224 28 383 31 37 247 20 32 118 10 37

250,000 to 999,999 659 15 166 25 16 151 23 20 56 8 17

50,000 to 249,999 2,075 47 362 17 35 274 13 36 100 5 31

Outside MSA 451 10 122 27 12 89 20 12 47 10 15

SEX

Male 1,943 44 651 34 63 460 24 60 253 13 79

Female 2,466 56 381 15 37 301 12 40 69 3 21

AGE

16 to 17 years 383 9 10 3 1 — — — 6 1 2

18 to 24 years 743 17 95 13 9 96 13 13 14 2 4

25 to 34 years 574 13 236 41 23 70 12 9 105 18 33

35 to 44 years 488 11 131 27 13 111 23 15 38 8 12

45 to 54 years 926 21 288 31 28 220 24 29 81 9 25

55 to 64 years 686 16 173 25 17 172 25 23 46 7 14

65 years and older 609 14 99 16 10 93 15 12 32 5 10

65 to 74 years 376 9 80 21 8 73 19 10 26 7 8

75 and older 233 5 18 8 2 20 9 3 6 3 2

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 322 7 37 11 4 40 12 5 4 1 1

Non-Hispanic 4,087 93 996 24 96 722 18 95 317 8 99

RACE

White 4,115 93 983 24 95 710 17 93 316 8 98

African American 53 1 18 35 2 20 37 3 — — —

All Others 241 5 31 13 3 32 13 4 5 2 2

(continued on next page)
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 9

Table 15 Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 310 7 116 37 11 111 36 15 14 5 4

$20,000 to $29,999 200 5 38 19 4 40 20 5 1 0 0

$30,000 to $39,999 185 4 49 27 5 34 18 4 21 12 7

$40,000 to $49,999 448 10 37 8 4 34 8 4 9 2 3

$50,000 to $74,999 492 11 135 27 13 131 27 17 35 7 11

$75,000 to $99,999 403 9 123 31 12 82 20 11 49 12 15

$100,000 to $149, 999 815 18 140 17 14 137 17 18 44 5 14

$150,000 or more 311 7 99 32 10 42 13 6 34 11 10

Not reported 1,245 28 295 24 29 151 12 20 115 9 36

EDUCATION

8 years or less 121 3 36 30 4 36 30 5 2 1 1

9 to 12 years 1,936 44 334 17 32 247 13 32 110 6 34

1 to 3 years of college 1,013 23 315 31 30 234 23 31 94 9 29

4 years or more 

of college

1,340 30 348 26 34 244 18 32 116 9 36

— No sample data 

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the 

activity named by the column (the percentage of the population living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under Sportspersons, Anglers, and Hunters show the 

percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 10

Table 22 Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for Fishing and Hunting Both In and Out of Wisconsin: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

SPORTSPERSON

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF

SPENDERS

(thousands)

FISHING AND HUNTING 2,494,696 2,416 2,519 990

Food and lodging 313,997 304 428 734

Transportation 173,514 168 248 699

Other trip costs 2 202,216 196 289 701

Equipment (fishing, hunting) 353,318 342 637 555

Auxiliary equipment 3 128,734 125 316 407

Special equipment 4 996,361 965 7,610 131

Magazines, books, and DVDs 5,912 6 67 88

Membership dues/contributions 18,089 18 133 136

Other 5 302,556 293 321 943

FISHING 1,268,883 1,666 1,733 732

Food and lodging 261,722 344 504 519

Transportation 113,616 149 192 591

Other trip costs 2 146,460 192 219 670

Fishing equipment 137,084 180 256 536

Auxiliary equipment 3 26,714 35 259 103

Special equipment 4 406,938 534 13,384 30

Magazines, books, and DVDs 2,662 3 48 56

Membership dues/contributions 5,534 7 69 80

Other 5 168,153 221 252 668

HUNTING 405,177 1,260 1,260 322

Food and lodging 46,916 146 193 243

Transportation 40,450 126 192 211

Other trip costs 2 40,560 126 293 139

Hunting equipment 126,515 393 926 137

Auxiliary equipment 3 46,408 144 249 186

Special equipment 4 12,669 39 458 28

Magazines, books, and DVDs 1,722 5 59 29

Membership dues/contributions 5,979 19 130 46

Other 5 83,958 261 261 322

UNSPECIFIED 6 642,013 622 4,990 129

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).

3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair 

of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.

4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing, including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, 

pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).

6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.

NOTE: Individual estimates do not add to total because of multiple responses, nonreponse, the independent bridging of fishing and hunting participation, and the bridging of 

sportspersons participation relative to fishing participation.
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 11

Table 28 Wisconsin Resident Wildlife Watchers Both In and Out of Wisconsin: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS

DAYS OF 

PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# %

% 

Pop. # % # %

WILDLIFE WATCHERS 1,426 100 34 97,687 100 8,777 100

Away from home 504 35 12 15,936 16 8,777 100

Observe wildlife 488 34 12 11,089 11 x x

Photograph wildlife 214 15 5 2,421 2 x x

Feed wildlife 314 22 8 8,117 8 x x

Around the home 1,426 100 34 81,751 84 x x

Observe wildlife 843 59 20 72,163 74 x x

Photograph wildlife 495 35 12 6,194 6 x x

Feed wildlife 1,042 73 25 x x x x

Visit parks or natural areas 1 246 17 6 3,393 3 x x

Maintain plantings or natural areas 365 26 9 x x x x

x Not applicable 

1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the 

activity named by the column (the percentage of the population who observed wildlife away from home, etc.). Columns labeled “%” show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of wildlife watchers who observed wildlife away from home, etc.).
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 12

Table 30 Wisconsin Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 4,169 100 1,426 34 100 504 12 100 1,426 34 100

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 3,172 76 1,101 35 77 347 11 69 1,101 35 77

Rural 997 24 325 33 23 157 16 31 325 33 23

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

3,708 89 1,272 34 89 423 11 84 1,272 34 89

1,000,000 or more 888 21 316 36 22 165 19 33 316 36 22

250,000 to 999.999 1,165 28 389 33 27 58 5 11 389 33 27

50,000 to 249,999 1,655 40 567 34 40 200 12 40 567 34 40

Outside MSA 461 11 154 33 11 81 18 16 154 33 11

SEX

Male 2,363 57 821 35 58 305 13 61 821 35 58

Female 1,807 43 605 33 42 199 11 39 605 33 42

AGE

16 to 17 years 182 4 61 33 4 27 15 5 61 33 4

18 to 24 years 503 12 143 28 10 15 3 3 143 28 10

25 to 34 years 564 14 208 37 15 120 21 24 208 37 15

35 to 44 years 399 10 140 35 10 53 13 11 140 35 10

45 to 54 years 963 23 342 36 24 176 18 35 342 36 24

55 to 64 years 528 13 176 33 12 58 11 12 176 33 12

65 years and older 1,030 25 356 35 25 55 5 11 356 35 25

65 to 74 years 674 16 269 40 19 36 5 7 269 40 19

75 and older 356 9 87 25 6 19 5 4 87 25 6

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 352 8 87 25 6 5 2 1 87 25 6

Non-Hispanic 3,818 92 1,339 35 94 499 13 99 1,339 35 94

RACE

White 4,072 98 1,413 35 99 499 12 99 1,413 35 99

African American 15 0 6 42 0 — — — 6 42 0

All Others 83 2 7 8 0 5 6 1 7 8 0

(continued on next page)
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 13

Table 30 Wisconsin Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 558 13 131 23 9 88 16 18 131 23 9

$20,000 to $29,999 266 6 106 40 7 25 9 5 106 40 7

$30,000 to $39,999 237 6 93 39 7 33 14 6 93 39 7

$40,000 to $49,999 271 7 66 24 5 30 11 6 66 24 5

$50,000 to $74,999 660 16 231 35 16 43 7 9 231 35 16

$75,000 to $99,999 297 7 118 40 8 43 14 9 118 40 8

$100,000 to $149, 999 778 19 288 37 20 195 25 39 288 37 20

$150,000 or more 435 10 168 39 12 11 3 2 168 39 12

Not reported 666 16 224 34 16 36 5 7 224 34 16

EDUCATION

8 years or less 443 11 154 35 11 57 13 11 154 35 11

9 to 12 years 1,465 35 491 33 34 128 9 25 491 33 34

1 to 3 years of college 1,369 33 474 35 33 213 16 42 474 35 33

4 years or more 

of college

892 21 308 34 22 106 12 21 308 34 22

— No sample data 

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who 

participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the population living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under TOTAL, Away From 

Home, and Around the Home show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of those who lived in urban areas, etc.).
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 14

Table 33A Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for All Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Wisconsin: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 1,977,173 1,386 1,603 1,234 86

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 556,409 390 1,165 478 33

Food and lodging 266,211 187 668 398 28

Food 117,936 83 296 398 28

Lodging 148,276 104 917 162 11

Transportation 143,903 101 318 452 32

Other trip costs 2 146,293 103 541 270 19

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 1,420,765 996 1,240 1,146 80

Wildlife-watching equipment 371,163 260 338 1,099 77

Binoculars, spotting scopes 15,414 11 209 74 5

Film and photo processing 2,089 1 54 39 3

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

71,062 50 323 220 15

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 73,021 51 275 266 19

Bird food 127,749 90 164 780 55

Food for other wildlife 25,596 18 77 334 23

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

45,963 32 77 597 42

Other equipment (including field guides) 10,267 7 51 200 14

Auxiliary equipment 3 63,628 45 350 182 13

Special equipment 4 734,882 515 6,151 119 8

Magazines, books, and DVDs 17,745 12 106 167 12

Membership dues and contributions 33,905 24 152 223 16

Land leasing and ownership 46,012 32 1,470 31 2

Plantings 153,432 108 473 324 23

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 15

Table 33B Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for Away-from-home Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Wisconsin: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 736,127 1,461 1,500 491 97

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 722,362 1,434 1,472 491 97

Food and lodging 278,944 554 568 491 97

Food 117,693 234 266 443 88

Lodging 161,251 320 647 249 49

Transportation 210,437 418 440 478 95

Other trip costs 2 232,981 462 1,049 222 44

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 13,764 27 109 126 25

Wildlife-watching equipment 9,395 19 86 110 22

Binoculars, spotting scopes 1,763 3 75 24 5

Film and photo processing 819 2 50 16 3

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

— — — — —

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 4,095 8 250 16 3

Bird food — — — — —

Food for other wildlife — — — — —

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

159 0 12 13 3

Other equipment (including field guides) 2,559 5 45 57 11

Auxiliary equipment 3 — — — — —

Special equipment 4 — — — — —

Magazines, books, and DVDs — — — — —

Membership dues and contributions 4,369 9 133 33 7

Land leasing and ownership — — — — —

Plantings — — — — —

— No sample data 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 16

Table 33C Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for Around-the-home Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Wisconsin: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 624,543 438 587 1,063 75

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES x x x x x

Food and lodging x x x x x

Food x x x x x

Lodging x x x x x

Transportation x x x x x

Other trip costs 2 x x x x x

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 624,543 438 587 1,063 75

Wildlife-watching equipment 239,685 168 232 1,034 72

Binoculars, spotting scopes 2,534 2 78 32 2

Film and photo processing 1,268 1 34 37 3

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

28,839 20 256 113 8

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 41,933 29 331 127 9

Bird food 112,143 79 144 777 54

Food for other wildlife 14,529 10 80 181 13

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

30,023 21 65 459 32

Other equipment (including field guides) 8,416 6 62 135 9

Auxiliary equipment 3 42,201 30 366 115 8

Special equipment 4 140,750 99 1,245 113 8

Magazines, books, and DVDs 18,268 13 145 126 9

Membership dues and contributions 10,809 8 136 80 6

Land leasing and ownership 42,988 30 6,291 7 0

Plantings 129,839 91 628 207 15

— No sample data x Not applicable 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 17

Table 35 Wisconsin Resident Wildlife Watchers Participating in Fishing or Hunting: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

# % # % # %

ALL WILDLIFE WATCHERS 1,426 100 504 100 1,426 100

Did not fish or hunt 692 49 207 41 692 49

Fished or hunted 734 51 297 59 734 51

Fished 589 41 276 55 589 41

Hunted 413 29 132 26 413 29

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Wisconsin // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 18

Table 36 Wisconsin Resident Sportspersons Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

# % # % # %

ALL SPORTSPERSONS 1,033 100 762 100 322 100

Did not watch wildlife 180 17 132 17 48 15

Watched wildlife 853 83 630 83 273 85

Away from home 455 44 325 43 143 45

Around the home 786 76 562 74 263 82

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 19

APPENDIX B: STANDARD ERRORS

The tables in Appendix B depict the standard errors, subject 

to rounding error, corresponding to the calibrated point 

estimates reported in the tables in Appendix A. Summary 

statistics reported in these calibrated tables are described 

below, by table.

Table 5

Fishing and hunting, participation, days, and trips

• Standard errors of total fishing participation and total 

hunting participation: product-type statistics derived using 

model point estimates and standard errors of percent 

participation in the population and survey point estimates 

and standard errors of total population based on adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR weights.

• Standard errors of total freshwater, freshwater except Great 

Lakes, Great Lakes, and saltwater fishing participation, 

total big game, small game, migratory birds, and other 

animals hunting participation: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of 

total fishing participation, point estimates and standard 

errors of total hunting participation, point estimates and 

standard errors of percent participation of freshwater, 

freshwater except Great Lakes, Great Lakes, and saltwater 

fishing in all fishing, and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent participation of big game, small game, 

migratory birds, and other animals hunting in all hunting 

(columns denoted by %).

• Standard errors of total fishing (all and subcategories) 

days/trips of participation and total hunting (all and 

subcategories) days/trips of participation: product-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total number of fishing (all and subcategories) 

participants, point estimates and standard errors of total 

number of hunting (all and subcategories) participants, 

and point estimates and standard errors of days/trips 

per participant (not displayed).

• Standard errors of percent participation (columns denoted 

by %): statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data 

from the fishing or hunting survey for the fishing and 

hunting sections, respectively.

Table 15

Fishing and hunting, demographics

• Standard errors of total population (all and subcategories): 

composite statistics constructed using 2-way composite 

factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final and 

replicate weights, using data from both the fishing and 

the hunting surveys.

• Standard errors of total number of anglers and total 

number of hunters: product-type statistics derived using 

model point estimates and standard errors for percent 

participation in the population (columns denoted by 

% Pop.) and survey point estimates and standard errors 

of total population based on adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final and replicate weights.

• Standard errors of total number of sportspersons: ratio-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard errors 

of total number of anglers and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent anglers in sportspersons (not displayed).

• Standard errors of total population, sportspersons, anglers, 

hunters, by demographics: product-type statistics, derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of total population, 

sportspersons, anglers, hunters participation, and point 

estimates and standard errors of percent demographicspecific participation in total participation (columns 

denoted by %).
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 20

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific population, 

sportspersons, anglers, hunters participation in total 

participation (columns denoted by %): composite statistics 

constructed using 2-way composite factors to adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the fishing and hunting surveys.

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific anglers 

and hunters participation in the total demographic-specific 

population (columns denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type 

statistics, derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total demographic-specific anglers and hunters 

participation and total demographic-specific population.

• Standard errors of percent total and demographicspecific sportspersons participation in the total and 

demographic-specif­ic population (column denoted 

by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using point 

estimates and standard errors of total population 

and sportspersons participation.

Table 22

Fishing and hunting, spenders and expenses

• Standard errors of total fishing and hunting expenditure 

(all and subcategories) amount, total fishing expenditure 

(all and subcategories) amount, total hunting expenditure 

(all and subcategories) amount, and total unspecified 

expenditure amount: product-type statistics derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of expenditure 

amount per participant (columns denoted by Average Per 

Sportsperson), and point estimates and standard errors 

of total sportspersons participation (all and subcategories), 

point estimates and standard errors of total anglers 

participation (all and subcategories), point estimates and 

standard errors of total hunters participation (all and 

subcategories) and point estimates and standard errors 

of total sportspersons participation, respectively.

• Standard errors of expenditure amount per participant 

(columns denoted by Average Per Sportsperson) and 

expenditure amount per spender (columns denoted by 

Average Per Spender):

> Fishing section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the fishing survey only.

> Hunting section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the hunting survey only.

> Fishing and hunting, and unspecified sections: except 

for some expenses and spenders noted in the table 

footnotes, these are composite statistics constructed 

using 2-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using 

data from the fishing and hunting surveys.

• Standard errors of total fishing and hunting (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders, total fishing (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders, total hunting (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders, and total unspecified 

number of spenders: product-type statistics derived using 

the point estimates and standard errors of percent spenders 

in total participation (not displayed), and point estimates 

and standard errors of total sportspersons participation 

(all and subcategories), point estimates and standard errors 

of total anglers participation (all and subcategories), point 

estimates and standard errors of total hunters participation 

(all and subcategories) and point estimates and standard 

errors of total sportspersons participation, respectively.

Table 28

Wildlife watching, participation, days, and trips

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching participation: 

product-type statistics derived using model point estimates 

and standard errors of percent participation in the population, 

and survey point estimates and standard errors of total 

population based on adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final and replicate weights.

• Standard errors of total away from home (all and subcategories) and around the home (all and subcategories) 

wildlife watching participation: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of 

total wildlife watching participation, point estimates and 

standard errors of percent participation of away from home 

(all and subcategories) and point estimates and standard 

errors of around the home (all and subcategories) wildlife 

watching in all wildlife watching (columns denoted by %).
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 21

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching (all and subcategories) days/trips of participation: product-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard errors 

of total number of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) 

participants and point estimates and standard errors of 

days/trips per participant (not displayed).

• Standard errors of percent participation (columns denoted 

by %): statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data 

from the wildlife watching survey.

• Standard errors of percent participation in the total 

population (column denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type 

statistics, derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total population from Table 30 and point estimates 

and standard errors of wildlife watching participation.

Table 30

Wildlife watching, demographics

• Standard errors of total population (all and subcategories): 

composite statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the wildlife watching survey. Note that the 

standard errors of total population estimates in Tables 15 

and 30 differ due to demographic harmonization without 

state targets estimated from the National Survey of FHWAR 

(information not available); see Rockville Institute (2020) 

for more details about the demographic harmonization.

• Standard errors of total number of wildlife watchers: 

product-type statistics derived using model point 

estimates and standard errors of percent participation in 

the population (columns denoted by % Pop.) and survey 

standard error of total population based on adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights.

• Standard errors of total number of away from home or 

around the home wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of 

total number of wildlife watchers and point estimates and 

standard errors of percent away from home or around the 

home wildlife watchers in all wildlife watchers (columns 

denoted by % Pop. in Table 35).

• Standard errors of total population, wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home, by demographics: 

product-type statistics, derived using point estimates 

and standard errors of total population, wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home participation and point 

estimates and standard errors of percent demographicspecific participation in total participation (columns 

denoted by %).

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific population, 

wildlife watchers, away from home, around the home 

participation in total participation (columns denoted 

by %): composite statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the wildlife watching survey.

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific wildlife 

watchers in the total demographic-specific population 

(column denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of total 

demographic-specific wildlife watchers participation 

and point estimates and standard errors of total 

demographic-specific population.

• Standard errors of percent total and demographic-specific 

away from home and around the home participation in 

the total and demographic-specif­ic population (columns 

denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using point 

estimates and standard errors of total population and away 

from home and around the home participation, respectively.

Table 33

Wildlife watching, spenders and expenditures — three 

versions for all wildlife watchers, away from home wildlife 

watchers, and around the home wildlife watchers

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching expenditure (all 

and subcategories) amount: product-type statistics derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of total number 

of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) participants 

and point estimates and standard errors of expenditure 

amount per participant (columns denoted by Average 

Per Wildlife Watcher).
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 22

• Standard errors or expenditure amount per participant 

(columns denoted by Average Per Wildlife Watcher) 

and expenditure amount per spender (columns denoted 

by Average Per Spender): statistics constructed using 

full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate 

weights, using data from the wildlife watching 

survey only.

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders: product-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total number of wildlife watching (all and 

subcategories) participants and point estimates and 

standard errors of the percent spenders in total 

participation (columns denoted by Percent of 

Wildlife Watchers).

• Standard errors of percent spenders in total participation 

(columns denoted by Percent of Wildlife Watchers): 

statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data from 

the wildlife watching survey only.

Table 35

Wildlife watchers participating in fishing and hunting

• Standard errors of total number of wildlife watchers: 

product-type statistics derived using model point estimates 

and standard errors of percent participation in the population 

(columns denoted by % Pop. in Table 30) and survey point 

estimates and standard errors of total population based 

on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate 

weights (displayed in Table 30).

• Standard errors of total number of away from home or 

around the home wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of total 

number of wildlife watchers and point estimates and 

standard errors of percent away from home or around 

the home wildlife watchers in all wildlife watchers 

(columns not displayed).

• Standard errors of total number of wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home who did not fish 

or hunt, fished or hunted, fished, hunted: product-type 

statistics, derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total number of wildlife watchers and point 

estimates and standard errors of percent sportspersonspecific category in the corresponding total participation 

(columns denoted by %).

• Standard errors or percent sportsperson-specific category 

in the corresponding total participation (columns denoted 

by %): statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data 

from the wildlife watching survey.

Table 36

Sportspersons participating in wildlife watching

• Standard errors of total number of sportspersons: ratio-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard errors 

of total number of anglers and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent anglers in sportspersons (not displayed).

• Standard errors of total number of anglers or total number 

of hunters: product-type statistics derived using model 

point estimates and standard errors of percent participation 

in the population (columns denoted by % Pop. in Table 15) 

and survey point estimates and standard errors of total 

population based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR 

weights (displayed in Table 15).

• Standard errors of total number of sportspersons, anglers, 

or hunters who did not wildlife watch, wildlife watch, 

wildlife watch away from home, wildlife watch around the 

home: product-type statistics, derived using point estimates 

and standard errors of total number of sportspersons, 

anglers, or hunters and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent wildlife watcher-specific category in the 

corresponding total participation (columns denoted by %).

• Standard errors of percent wildlife watcher-specific 

category in the corresponding total participation (columns 

denoted by %): composite statistics constructed using 

3-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data from the 

fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching surveys.
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 23

Table 5 SE Standard Errors of Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation and Trips in the United States, 

by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2016 

(Population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS DAYS OF PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# % # % # %

ALL FISHING 156.78 0.00 3,153.02 0.00 2,152.31 0.00

All freshwater 156.78 0.00 3,152.34 0.07 2,151.22 0.11

Freshwater, except Great Lakes 156.32 0.32 3,089.57 1.79 2,122.95 1.60

Great Lakes 40.70 5.08 250.19 1.78 137.30 1.59

Saltwater 7.89 1.04 7.89 0.07 7.89 0.11

ALL HUNTING 130.73 0.00 2,376.75 0.00 1,245.18 0.00

Big game 121.74 4.67 1,707.93 9.29 857.92 13.45

Small game 46.65 9.22 618.97 5.76 414.59 9.71

Migratory birds 18.68 5.00 502.79 8.68 56.51 1.39

Other animals 13.75 3.81 213.69 2.61 112.85 3.95
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 24

Table 15 SE Standard Errors of Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 387.05 0.00 245.33 5.93 0.00 156.78 3.23 0.00 130.73 2.91 0.00

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 516.84 8.16 162.14 6.12 10.49 115.78 4.71 7.94 58.79 2.04 13.14

Rural 313.59 8.16 161.04 14.30 10.49 82.41 7.47 7.94 94.64 7.64 13.14

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

427.48 2.61 219.03 6.07 3.46 140.87 4.00 3.54 112.97 2.95 6.14

1,000,000 or more 303.97 7.75 159.38 15.16 13.05 82.72 8.41 8.76 83.17 7.20 23.14

250,000 to 999,999 138.13 3.62 67.89 11.58 5.50 58.38 10.08 6.62 33.57 5.39 8.40

50,000 to 249,999 556.39 10.06 129.38 7.79 9.64 92.72 5.70 9.86 56.73 3.03 13.40

Outside MSA 91.54 2.61 45.31 11.45 3.46 32.14 8.18 3.54 26.34 6.21 6.14

SEX

Male 215.99 7.08 168.00 9.41 6.53 114.85 6.47 8.70 104.50 5.57 6.23

Female 474.84 7.08 111.81 5.42 6.53 89.77 4.33 8.70 33.32 1.45 6.23

AGE

16 to 17 years 208.92 4.91 9.28 2.83 0.89 — — — 5.53 1.66 1.71

18 to 24 years 517.25 11.27 49.70 11.16 4.41 46.39 10.93 5.63 10.65 1.93 3.07

25 to 34 years 254.79 6.07 142.95 30.88 13.11 35.75 8.27 4.38 79.29 16.03 22.73

35 to 44 years 144.31 3.72 60.24 14.66 5.14 53.02 12.78 6.41 24.77 5.56 6.61

45 to 54 years 160.88 4.19 115.71 13.61 9.30 92.17 10.77 10.77 47.92 5.39 11.88

55 to 64 years 104.81 2.67 60.49 9.62 4.42 58.26 9.31 6.22 23.33 3.55 4.72

65 years and older 96.45 2.55 37.43 6.66 2.90 32.74 5.89 3.57 18.97 3.23 4.68

65 to 74 years 71.55 1.84 32.81 9.63 2.66 28.55 8.44 3.26 16.40 4.56 4.23

75 and older 68.10 1.60 10.42 5.04 0.94 11.04 5.36 1.38 5.08 2.31 1.53

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 212.00 4.76 31.69 12.40 3.04 33.96 13.31 4.42 4.73 1.72 1.49

Non-Hispanic 397.66 4.76 238.50 6.30 3.04 152.21 4.10 4.42 129.02 3.25 1.49

RACE

White 421.45 2.91 234.95 6.21 2.56 148.69 4.02 3.62 128.60 3.22 1.53

African American 29.65 0.71 15.08 34.42 1.44 15.81 36.40 2.05 — — —

All Others 118.74 2.77 21.77 11.06 2.04 22.98 11.51 2.96 5.02 2.36 1.53

(continued on next page)
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 25

Table 15 SE Standard Errors of Wisconsin Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 129.66 3.11 82.17 30.75 7.72 83.16 30.72 10.72 10.66 3.92 3.06

$20,000 to $29,999 62.70 1.51 24.25 13.57 2.24 24.89 13.97 3.15 0.77 0.40 0.24

$30,000 to $39,999 51.65 1.35 24.31 15.05 2.12 16.76 10.35 2.05 14.57 8.49 3.98

$40,000 to $49,999 205.83 4.72 19.90 5.87 1.78 18.80 5.46 2.34 5.90 1.59 1.62

$50,000 to $74,999 122.26 3.08 58.10 13.62 4.83 54.59 12.91 6.36 22.23 4.85 5.80

$75,000 to $99,999 108.44 2.89 53.95 15.73 4.52 32.42 9.76 3.71 30.08 8.17 7.64

$100,000 to $149, 999 200.22 5.58 58.99 8.38 4.85 54.10 7.81 6.20 25.84 3.44 6.32

$150,000 or more 110.33 2.62 56.59 21.39 5.13 31.42 11.17 4.05 27.10 9.51 7.97

Not reported 582.24 11.57 151.27 16.45 13.36 61.04 7.48 7.05 79.99 7.73 22.12

EDUCATION

8 years or less 60.75 1.40 31.18 29.88 2.99 33.22 31.32 4.34 1.70 1.57 0.53

9 to 12 years 525.66 9.45 113.09 7.49 8.04 75.44 5.22 7.47 60.25 3.47 13.79

1 to 3 years of college 165.22 4.92 89.53 10.18 4.92 68.39 7.73 6.52 42.50 4.46 6.24

4 years or more 

of college

240.94 6.25 122.54 10.27 9.02 89.56 7.45 9.94 61.22 4.83 13.30

— No sample data 

NOTE: Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the population living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under Sportspersons, Anglers, and Hunters show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described 

by the row heading (the percentage of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 26

Table 22 SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for Fishing and Hunting Both In and Out of Wisconsin: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

SPORTSPERSON

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF

SPENDERS

(thousands)

FISHING AND HUNTING 925,410.46 708.51 660.62 269.32

Food and lodging 113,905.68 85.81 114.27 205.57

Transportation 60,459.59 44.09 42.07 224.69

Other trip costs 2 79,419.13 63.04 78.30 230.91

Equipment (fishing, hunting) 130,111.46 99.11 152.76 188.14

Auxiliary equipment 3 47,215.68 35.86 71.08 142.37

Special equipment 4 592,543.17 541.49 3,334.78 57.80

Magazines, books, and DVDs 2,455.32 2.01 18.79 42.52

Membership dues/contributions 7,791.49 6.48 43.14 58.22

Other 5 125,604.12 102.68 109.50 257.65

FISHING 461,386.22 510.24 526.97 153.70

Food and lodging 95,901.02 106.44 132.33 132.12

Transportation 37,003.91 38.47 48.46 139.45

Other trip costs 2 50,709.93 54.70 61.84 147.67

Fishing equipment 51,850.74 58.36 77.24 130.88

Auxiliary equipment 3 15,367.16 19.25 99.97 42.67

Special equipment 4 288,997.70 371.04 6,199.63 17.09

Magazines, books, and DVDs 1,576.25 1.98 19.39 37.47

Membership dues/contributions 3,160.65 3.96 40.25 45.44

Other 5 123,870.84 159.55 181.34 142.85

HUNTING 184,690.53 284.26 284.26 130.73

Food and lodging 21,446.70 33.37 52.51 102.15

Transportation 19,428.47 35.21 35.15 96.74

Other trip costs 2 25,016.22 64.03 152.38 67.36

Hunting equipment 66,498.98 143.46 238.14 65.54

Auxiliary equipment 3 23,880.41 49.83 74.54 84.13

Special equipment 4 10,097.63 29.56 380.60 18.65

Magazines, books, and DVDs 1,011.28 2.48 6.88 16.96

Membership dues/contributions 3,555.85 8.83 58.97 25.29

Other 5 43,320.13 90.79 90.79 130.73

UNSPECIFIED 6 503,791.27 478.62 3,639.22 51.21

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).

3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair 

of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.

4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing, including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, 

pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).

6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 27

Table 28 SE Standard Errors of Wisconsin Resident Wildlife Watchers Both In and Out of Wisconsin: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS

DAYS OF 

PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# %

% 

Pop. # % # %

WILDLIFE WATCHERS 164.42 0.00 3.61 24,140.15 0.00 3,759.76 0.00

Away from home 147.68 9.58 3.59 6,934.22 3.85 4,142.12 0.00

Observe wildlife 137.33 8.84 3.34 4,431.00 2.76 x x

Photograph wildlife 106.20 7.29 2.56 1,664.15 1.10 x x

Feed wildlife 124.61 8.42 3.01 5,369.56 2.89 x x

Around the home 164.42 0.00 4.26 20,216.80 3.85 x x

Observe wildlife 165.11 9.42 4.07 20,488.14 4.34 x x

Photograph wildlife 121.35 7.56 2.96 2,057.43 1.42 x x

Feed wildlife 169.24 8.42 4.23 x x x x

Visit parks or natural areas 1 87.82 5.87 2.12 1,821.23 1.72 x x

Maintain plantings or natural areas 98.67 6.30 2.40 x x x x

x Not applicable 

1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.

NOTE: Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the 

population who observed wildlife away from home, etc.). Columns labeled “%” show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the 

percentage of wildlife watchers who observed wildlife away from home, etc.).
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 28

Table 30 SE Standard Errors of Wisconsin Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 195.89 0.00 164.42 3.61 0.00 147.68 3.59 0.00 164.42 4.26 0.00

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 333.06 6.27 152.48 6.03 5.96 122.37 4.03 14.11 152.48 6.03 5.96

Rural 252.35 6.27 92.36 12.40 5.96 82.02 9.14 14.11 92.36 12.40 5.96

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

236.28 3.28 155.23 4.72 3.60 130.49 3.59 8.46 155.23 4.72 3.60

1,000,000 or more 302.44 7.34 128.93 18.90 8.73 112.63 14.17 21.11 128.93 18.90 8.73

250,000 to 999.999 320.08 7.57 137.44 14.94 9.17 45.76 4.16 8.82 137.44 14.94 9.17

50,000 to 249,999 292.39 6.46 124.20 9.64 7.46 90.29 5.86 14.26 124.20 9.64 7.46

Outside MSA 134.68 3.28 54.03 15.26 3.60 47.15 11.43 8.46 54.03 15.26 3.60

SEX

Male 313.77 6.27 144.57 7.66 7.71 106.82 4.83 12.15 144.57 7.66 7.71

Female 246.53 6.27 129.62 8.51 7.71 82.63 4.81 12.15 129.62 8.51 7.71

AGE

16 to 17 years 123.99 3.00 49.49 35.38 3.46 31.35 19.98 6.29 49.49 35.38 3.46

18 to 24 years 205.35 4.89 83.58 20.27 5.78 16.64 3.51 3.34 83.58 20.27 5.78

25 to 34 years 269.42 6.43 115.21 26.99 7.96 115.28 22.84 22.80 115.21 26.99 7.96

35 to 44 years 223.08 5.42 90.91 30.11 6.32 45.12 13.53 8.80 90.91 30.11 6.32

45 to 54 years 182.17 4.44 81.27 10.78 5.01 84.65 9.45 13.91 81.27 10.78 5.01

55 to 64 years 103.37 2.62 47.14 11.04 3.00 31.09 6.27 5.40 47.14 11.04 3.00

65 years and older 230.87 4.91 92.40 11.86 5.84 30.56 3.20 5.39 92.40 11.86 5.84

65 to 74 years 220.75 4.95 90.76 18.76 6.02 25.06 4.10 4.73 90.76 18.76 6.02

75 and older 105.09 2.50 29.95 11.11 1.99 11.77 3.68 2.14 29.95 11.11 1.99

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 221.56 5.18 84.78 28.74 5.94 5.70 1.88 1.14 84.78 28.74 5.94

Non-Hispanic 186.93 5.18 175.82 4.92 5.94 146.23 3.88 1.14 175.82 4.92 5.94

RACE

White 214.20 1.84 163.36 4.41 0.87 146.23 3.65 1.14 163.36 4.41 0.87

African American 15.76 0.38 6.68 63.36 0.47 — — — 6.68 63.36 0.47

All Others 71.92 1.73 5.90 10.17 0.41 5.70 8.85 1.14 5.90 10.17 0.41

(continued on next page)
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 29

Table 30 SE Standard Errors of Wisconsin Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 246.58 6.03 78.79 17.48 5.46 70.78 14.47 13.67 78.79 17.48 5.46

$20,000 to $29,999 102.19 2.50 45.56 22.95 3.10 19.98 8.31 3.86 45.56 22.95 3.10

$30,000 to $39,999 80.39 1.95 35.75 20.16 2.41 19.49 9.47 3.52 35.75 20.16 2.41

$40,000 to $49,999 116.33 2.85 27.72 14.63 1.88 22.30 9.47 4.26 27.72 14.63 1.88

$50,000 to $74,999 221.05 5.37 94.19 18.49 6.38 23.79 4.22 4.18 94.19 18.49 6.38

$75,000 to $99,999 139.04 3.36 60.12 27.50 4.13 25.22 10.85 4.54 60.12 27.50 4.13

$100,000 to $149, 999 278.79 6.71 116.92 20.04 7.91 101.00 15.79 17.28 116.92 20.04 7.91

$150,000 or more 261.04 6.19 108.74 34.08 7.55 8.13 2.41 1.55 108.74 34.08 7.55

Not reported 237.22 5.28 93.05 18.40 6.31 28.18 4.64 5.43 93.05 18.40 6.31

EDUCATION

8 years or less 248.75 5.77 100.34 29.87 6.97 61.94 15.71 12.38 100.34 29.87 6.97

9 to 12 years 281.70 7.11 132.73 11.12 8.48 64.75 4.73 10.97 132.73 11.12 8.48

1 to 3 years of college 291.50 6.95 131.10 12.09 8.41 102.59 8.20 16.89 131.10 12.09 8.41

4 years or more 

of college

196.16 4.67 80.73 11.80 5.12 48.72 6.05 7.78 80.73 11.80 5.12

— No sample data 

NOTE: Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the 

population living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under TOTAL, Away From Home, and Around the Home show the percentage of each column’s 

participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of those who lived in urban areas, etc.).
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 30

Table 33A SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for All Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Wisconsin: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 613,296.98 401.90 457.15 160.79 5.30

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 182,105.24 120.30 406.96 136.92 8.85

Food and lodging 111,682.33 75.80 324.66 125.82 8.27

Food 37,270.69 24.50 110.38 125.82 8.27

Lodging 80,605.82 55.60 495.00 59.63 4.00

Transportation 43,859.62 28.66 95.90 133.71 8.69

Other trip costs 2 80,488.54 55.55 398.46 109.80 7.43

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 464,864.63 307.09 372.44 160.66 6.46

Wildlife-watching equipment 91,404.70 57.01 71.78 157.07 6.55

Binoculars, spotting scopes 6,883.81 4.69 43.49 29.89 2.02

Film and photo processing 1,023.96 0.70 20.51 19.34 1.33

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

28,677.48 19.40 108.87 83.11 5.59

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 27,864.21 18.75 72.46 86.93 5.74

Bird food 25,118.18 14.36 25.16 138.48 7.44

Food for other wildlife 9,970.61 6.72 37.00 121.48 8.13

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

14,565.50 9.58 22.43 142.59 8.81

Other equipment (including field guides) 5,025.41 3.45 13.37 78.80 5.32

Auxiliary equipment 3 25,375.27 17.15 82.90 70.69 4.76

Special equipment 4 362,439.80 248.75 3,991.21 55.28 3.78

Magazines, books, and DVDs 12,001.43 8.35 60.91 56.53 3.75

Membership dues and contributions 13,417.82 9.06 38.28 73.37 4.85

Land leasing and ownership 33,315.64 23.22 1,168.44 18.02 1.25

Plantings 86,089.77 59.47 243.16 95.33 6.19

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 31

Table 33B SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for Away-from-home Wildlife Watching 

Both In and Out of Wisconsin: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 435,937.60 786.33 762.07 144.49 2.76

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 426,508.88 768.58 745.22 144.49 2.76

Food and lodging 194,891.86 367.24 357.87 144.49 2.76

Food 69,671.05 125.65 148.91 139.40 10.57

Lodging 127,782.12 246.44 236.76 183.47 34.93

Transportation 77,553.05 97.59 101.00 140.95 3.14

Other trip costs 2 265,440.84 532.47 1,093.06 166.82 31.88

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 13,330.58 26.37 81.96 100.86 19.48

Wildlife-watching equipment 8,420.97 16.52 52.51 90.20 17.50

Binoculars, spotting scopes 2,211.77 4.46 0.00 29.49 5.95

Film and photo processing 1,022.14 2.06 0.00 20.44 4.12

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

— — — — —

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 5,110.70 10.31 0.00 20.44 4.12

Bird food — — — — —

Food for other wildlife — — — — —

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

192.46 0.39 0.00 15.40 3.10

Other equipment (including field guides) 2,740.03 5.47 0.00 60.89 12.16

Auxiliary equipment 3 — — — — —

Special equipment 4 — — — — —

Magazines, books, and DVDs — — — — —

Membership dues and contributions 5,238.69 10.54 164.83 33.72 6.71

Land leasing and ownership — — — — —

Plantings — — — — —

— No sample data 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 32

Table 33C SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Wisconsin Residents for Around-the-home Wildlife Watching 

Both In and Out of Wisconsin: 2016

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 234,077.27 157.22 210.14 172.84 8.60

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES x x x x x

Food and lodging x x x x x

Food x x x x x

Lodging x x x x x

Transportation x x x x x

Other trip costs 2 x x x x x

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 234,077.27 157.22 210.14 172.84 8.60

Wildlife-watching equipment 70,763.18 45.98 61.41 169.41 8.50

Binoculars, spotting scopes 1,659.78 1.15 44.98 19.34 1.34

Film and photo processing 807.53 0.56 7.63 25.08 1.74

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

18,217.68 12.64 59.58 66.81 4.63

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 29,407.99 20.48 140.52 64.79 4.46

Bird food 27,390.96 17.05 30.04 161.98 9.53

Food for other wildlife 6,504.61 4.44 28.77 82.55 5.64

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

9,715.81 6.41 16.21 158.15 10.52

Other equipment (including field guides) 5,942.56 4.14 32.03 81.73 5.66

Auxiliary equipment 3 27,348.45 19.00 84.21 65.43 4.52

Special equipment 4 127,621.39 89.35 1,645.20 71.49 4.96

Magazines, books, and DVDs 16,913.28 11.85 125.95 64.23 4.42

Membership dues and contributions 6,065.31 4.19 36.80 35.88 2.45

Land leasing and ownership 44,601.78 31.29 9,689.88 5.48 0.38

Plantings 110,120.69 77.01 552.78 79.33 5.34

— No sample data x Not applicable 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 33

Table 35 SE Standard Errors of Wisconsin Resident Wildlife Watchers Participating in Fishing or Hunting: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

# % # % # %

ALL WILDLIFE WATCHERS 164.42 0.00 147.68 0.00 164.42 0.00

Did not fish or hunt 149.82 8.95 103.17 17.31 149.82 8.95

Fished or hunted 152.48 8.95 120.46 17.31 152.48 8.95

Fished 142.22 8.82 119.23 18.17 142.22 8.82

Hunted 116.87 7.53 77.38 13.92 116.87 7.53
 Wisconsin // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 34

Table 36 SE Standard Errors of Wisconsin Resident Sportspersons Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

# % # % # %

ALL SPORTSPERSONS 245.33 0.00 156.78 0.00 130.73 0.00

Did not watch wildlife 59.46 4.12 43.00 4.47 25.82 5.71

Watched wildlife 206.78 4.12 133.80 4.47 112.37 5.71

Away from home 136.76 8.36 92.10 8.49 69.10 12.64

Around the home 197.10 6.31 130.11 7.97 108.77 6.60