Bridging the 50-State Survey 

of Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation with 

Previous National Survey of 

Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation Trends

Final Methodology Overview

MARCH 2020

VERMONT

THE ROCKVILLE INSTITUTE, FOR 

STATE FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES
Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department Disclaimer: The hunter and angler estimates in this report are well below 

actual 2016 license sales. Actual resident and nonresident license sales for Vermont in 2016 were 119,576 for 

anglers and 66,920 for hunters.

Suggested Citation:

Rockville Institute. 2020. Bridging the 50-State Surveys of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated 

Recreation with Previous National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 

Trends. Final Methodology Overview: Vermont.
 Vermont // 1

In 2016, the Rockville Institute conducted the 50-State Survey 

of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 

(FHWAR); see more details in Rockville Institute (2018). 

Concurrently, the Census Bureau conducted the 2016 

National Survey of FHWAR; see more details in U.S. 

Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 

and U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau 

(2018). The two surveys were based on samples of addresses 

intended to be representative of the United States population 

living in households, and used questionnaires as nearly 

identical as possible. Both surveys identified likely sportspersons and wildlife watchers within sampled households, 

and individual participation surveys covered all of calendar 

year 2016. However, differences in sample design, sample 

selection process and mode of data collection resulted in 

estimates that were substantially different between the surveys.

Estimates from the 2016 National Survey of FHWAR are 

directly comparable to those from previous surveys such as 

the 2011 National Survey of FHWAR; see U.S. Department of 

the Interior, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department 

of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau (2014). Due to its modest 

sample size, it can only produce reliable estimates at the 

national and census division level. In contrast, the 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR produced state-level estimates, but these 

estimates are not directly comparable to those from previous 

surveys. The Rockville Institute therefore completed a project 

to create new state-level estimates that are calibrated to those 

of the 2016 National Survey of FHWAR. The dual purpose of 

these calibrated estimates is to maintain the fine level of 

granularity of the 50-State Survey of FHWAR but enable 

comparison to previous National Surveys of FHWAR.

Through this bridging project, the Rockville Institute 

created new state-level tables showing adjusted survey 

estimates by state of residency of the participants. These 

tables show the estimated demographics, participation, 

days, trips and expenditures, for fishing, hunting and 

wildlife-related activities for residents of each of the 50 

states and DC. The tables correspond to Tables 5, 15, 22, 

28, 30, 33, 35, and 36 in the state reports released by the 

Rockville Institute in 2018, with the exception of Tables 28 

and 33, where we report an extended set of statistics 

compared to those reported in the 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR report.

The calibration procedure used to create these tables involved 

a combination of data harmonization and statistical modeling 

of the differences between the two surveys. The procedure 

consisted of the following major steps. First, the estimated 

demographic compositions of both surveys were aligned at 

the census division level, using survey calibration methods. 

Second, a statistical model was developed to account for the 

differences in participation rates in hunting, fishing and 

wildlife-related activities between the two surveys. This 

“bridging model” was used to predict state-level participating 

rates that are consistent with those obtained using the 

Census Bureau methodology. By combining these predicted 

participation rates with the harmonized population estimates, 

calibrated estimates of the numbers of participants in each 

state were obtained. Third, the characteristics of the 

participants’ activities, such as the number and type of 

activities, days of participation and types of associated 

expenditures, were adjusted by means of estimated products 

or ratios of these characteristics between the two surveys. 

Finally, applying these products or ratios to the calibrated 

estimates of the participant numbers made it possible to 

produce the calibrated tables of estimates mentioned above. 

For more details about the bridging project, see Rockville 

Institute (2020).

OVERVIEW
 Vermont // 2

References

• Rockville Institute. 2018. 2016 50-State Survey of Fishing, 

Hunting, and Wildlife-Related Recreation: National.

• Rockville Institute. 2020. Bridging the 50-State Surveys 

of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 

with Previous National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and 

Wildlife-Associated Recreation Trends. Final Methodology 

Report. 

• U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census 

Bureau. 2014. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, 

and Wildlife-Related Recreation.

• U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census 

Bureau. 2018. 2016 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, 

and Wildlife-Related Recreation.
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 3

APPENDIX A: POINT ESTIMATES

The tables in Appendix A depict the calibrated point 

estimates, subject to rounding error. The format of the 

calibrated tables in this appendix matches closely the 

format used in the 50-State Survey of FHWAR reports. 

Summary statistics reported in the calibrated tables are 

described below, by table.

Table 5 

Fishing and hunting, participation, days, and trips

• Total fishing participation and total hunting participation: 

product-type statistics derived using model predictions for 

percent participation in the population and total population 

based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR weights.

• Total freshwater, freshwater except Great Lakes, Great 

Lakes, and saltwater fishing participation, total big game, 

small game, migratory birds, and other animals hunting 

participation: product-type statistics derived using total 

fishing participation, total hunting participation, percent 

participation of freshwater, freshwater except Great Lakes, 

Great Lakes, and saltwater fishing in all fishing, and percent 

participation of big game, small game, migratory birds, 

and other animals hunting in all hunting (columns 

denoted by %).

• Total fishing (all and subcategories) days/trips of 

participation and total hunting (all and subcategories) 

days/trips of participation: product-type statistics derived 

using total number of fishing (all and subcategories) 

participants, total number of hunting (all and subcategories) participants, and days/trips per participant 

(not displayed).

• Percent participation (columns denoted by %): statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR 

final weights, using data from the fishing or hunting survey 

for the fishing and hunting sections, respectively.

Table 15

Fishing and hunting, demographics

• Total population (all and subcategories): composite 

statistics constructed using 2-way composite factors to 

adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, using 

data from both the fishing and the hunting surveys.

• Total number of anglers and total number of hunters: 

product-type statistics derived using model predictions for 

percent participation in the population (columns denoted 

by % Pop.), and total population based on adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights.

• Total number of sportspersons: ratio-type statistics derived 

using total number of anglers and percent anglers in 

sportspersons (not displayed).

• Total population, sportspersons, anglers, hunters, by 

demographics: product-type statistics, derived using total 

population, sportspersons, anglers, hunters participation, 

and percent demographic-specific participation in total 

participation (columns denoted by %).

• Percent demographic-specific population, sportspersons, 

anglers, hunters participation in total participation 

(columns denoted by %): composite statistics constructed 

using 2-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final weights, using data from the fishing and 

hunting surveys.

• Percent demographic-specific anglers and hunters 

participation in the total demographic-specific population 

(columns denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived 

using total demographic-specific anglers and hunters 

participation and total demographic-specific population.
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 4

• Percent total and demographic-specific sportspersons 

participation in the total and demographic-specific population (column denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type 

statistics, derived using total population and sportspersons participation.

Table 22

Fishing and hunting, spenders and expenses

• Total fishing and hunting expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount, total fishing expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount, total hunting expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount, and total unspecified expenditure amount: 

product-type statistics derived using expenditure 

amount per participant (columns denoted by Average 

Per Sportsperson), and total sportspersons participation 

(all and subcategories), total anglers participation 

(all and subcategories), total hunters participation 

(all and subcategories) and total sportspersons 

participation, respectively.

• Expenditure amount per participant (columns denoted 

by Average Per Sportsperson) and expenditure amount 

per spender (columns denoted by Average Per Spender):

> Fishing section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, using data 

from the fishing survey only.

> Hunting section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, using data 

from the hunting survey only.

> Fishing and hunting, and unspecified sections: except 

for some expenses and spenders noted in the table 

footnotes, these are composite statistics constructed using 

2-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the fishing and 

hunting surveys.

• Total fishing and hunting (all and subcategories) number 

of spenders, total fishing (all and subcategories) number 

of spenders, total hunting (all and subcategories) number 

of spenders, and total unspecified number of spenders: 

product-type statistics derived using the percent spenders 

in total participation (not displayed), and total 

sportspersons participation (all and subcategories), 

total anglers participation (all and subcategories), total 

hunters participation (all and subcategories) and total 

sportspersons participation, respectively.

Table 28

Wildlife watching, participation, days, and trips

• Total wildlife watching participation: product-type 

statistics derived using model predictions for percent 

participation in the population, and total population 

based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights.

• Total away from home (all and subcategories) and 

around the home (all and subcategories) wildlife watching 

participation: product-type statistics derived using total 

wildlife watching participation, and percent participation 

of away from home (all and subcategories) and around 

the home (all and subcategories) wildlife watching in all 

wildlife watching (columns denoted by %).

• Total wildlife watching (all and subcategories) days/trips 

of participation: product-type statistics derived using 

total number of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) 

participants and days/trips per participant (not displayed).

• Percent participation (columns denoted by %): statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey.

• Percent participation in the total population (column 

denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived 

using total population from Table 30 and wildlife 

watching participation.

Table 30

Wildlife watching, demographics

• Total population (all and subcategories): composite statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR 

final weights, using data from the wildlife watching survey. 

Note that the total population estimates in Tables 15 and 30 

differ due to demographic harmonization without state 

targets estimated from the National Survey of FHWAR 

(information not available); see Rockville Institute (2020) 

for more details about the demographic harmonization.
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 5

• Total number of wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using model predictions for percent participation 

in the population (columns denoted by % Pop.) and 

total population based on adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR weights.

• Total number of away from home or around the home 

wildlife watchers: product-type statistics derived using 

total number of wildlife watchers, and percent away 

from home or around the home wildlife watchers in 

all wildlife watchers (columns denoted by % Pop. in 

Table 35; not displayed).

• Total population, wildlife watchers, away from home, 

around the home, by demographics: product-type statistics, 

derived using total population, wildlife watchers, away 

from home, around the home participation, and percent 

demographic-specific participation in total participation 

(columns denoted by %).

• Percent demographic-specific population, wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home participation in total 

participation (columns denoted by %): composite statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey.

• Percent demographic-specific wildlife watchers, participation in the total demographic-specific population (column 

denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using total 

demographic-specific wildlife watchers participation and 

total demographic-specific population.

• Percent total and demographic-specific away from home 

and around the home participation in the total and 

demographic-specif­ic population (columns denoted 

by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using total population and away from home and around the 

home participation, respectively.

Table 33

Wildlife watching, spenders and expenditures — three 

versions for all wildlife watchers, away from home wildlife 

watchers, and around the home wildlife watchers

• Total wildlife watching expenditure (all and subcategories) 

amount: product-type statistics derived using total 

number of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) 

participants and expenditure amount per participant 

(columns denoted by Average Per Wildlife Watcher).

• Expenditure amount per participant (columns denoted by 

Average Per Wildlife Watcher) and expenditure amount 

per spender (columns denoted by Average Per Spender): 

statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey only.

• Total wildlife watching (all and subcategories) number of 

spenders: product-type statistics derived using total number 

of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) participants 

and the percent spenders in total participation 

(columns denoted by Percent of Wildlife Watchers).

• Percent spenders in total participation (columns denoted 

by Percent of Wildlife Watchers): statistics constructed 

using full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final weights, 

using data from the wildlife watching survey only.

Table 35

Wildlife watchers participating in fishing and hunting

• Total number of wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using model predictions for percent participation 

in the population (columns denoted by % Pop. in Table 

30), and total population based on adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final weights (displayed in Table 30).

• Total number of away from home or around the home 

wildlife watchers: product-type statistics derived using 

total number of wildlife watchers, and percent away 

from home or around the home wildlife watchers in all 

wildlife watchers (columns not displayed).

• Total number of wildlife watchers, away from home, 

around the home who did not fish or hunt, fished or 

hunted, fished, hunted: product-type statistics, derived 

using total number of wildlife watchers, and percent 

sportsperson-specific category in the corresponding total 

participation (columns denoted by %).

• Percent sportsperson-specific category in the corresponding total participation (columns denoted by %): statistics 

constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final weights, using data from the wildlife 

watching survey.
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 6

Table 36

Sportspersons participating in wildlife watching

• Total number of sportspersons: ratio-type statistics 

derived using total number of anglers, percent anglers 

in sportspersons (not displayed).

• Total number of anglers or total number of hunters: 

product-type statistics derived using model predictions 

for percent participation in the population (columns 

denoted by % Pop. in Table 15), and total population 

based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final 

weights (displayed in Table 15).

• Total number of sportspersons, anglers, or hunters who 

did not wildlife watch, wildlife watch, wildlife watch 

away from home, wildlife watch around the home: 

product-type statistics, derived using total number of 

sportspersons, anglers, or hunters, and percent wildlife 

watcher-specific category in the corresponding total 

participation (columns denoted by %).

• Percent wildlife watcher-specific category in the corresponding total participation (columns denoted by %): 

composite statistics constructed using 3-way composite 

factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final 

weights, using data from the fishing, hunting, and 

wildlife watching surveys.
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 7

Table 5 Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation and Trips in the United States, 

by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2016 

(Population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS DAYS OF PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# % # % # %

ALL FISHING 69 100 1,647 100 1,125 100

All freshwater 67 97 1,499 91 997 89

Freshwater, except Great Lakes 67 97 1,402 85 906 81

Great Lakes 14 20 98 6 90 8

Saltwater 7 10 148 9 128 11

ALL HUNTING 33 100 794 100 578 100

Big game 29 88 660 83 379 65

Small game 14 43 153 19 147 25

Migratory birds 5 15 39 5 37 6

Other animals 3 9 24 3 16 3

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 8

Table 15 Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 455 100 88 19 100 69 15 100 33 7 100

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 203 45 34 17 39 30 15 43 11 5 33

Rural 252 55 54 21 61 39 16 57 22 9 67

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

333 73 60 18 68 49 15 70 20 6 61

1,000,000 or more — — — — — — — — — — —

250,000 to 999,999 — — — — — — — — — — —

50,000 to 249,999 333 73 60 18 68 49 15 70 20 6 61

Outside MSA 122 27 28 23 32 21 17 30 13 10 39

SEX

Male 215 47 63 29 71 47 22 68 26 12 78

Female 240 53 25 11 29 22 9 32 7 3 22

AGE

16 to 17 years 13 3 4 30 4 4 30 6 — — —

18 to 24 years 20 4 4 22 5 3 17 5 1 7 4

25 to 34 years 60 13 15 26 17 12 20 17 5 9 17

35 to 44 years 102 22 19 19 22 17 16 24 11 10 32

45 to 54 years 61 13 16 26 18 12 20 17 5 9 17

55 to 64 years 77 17 13 17 15 9 12 13 4 6 13

65 years and older 122 27 16 13 18 12 10 18 5 5 17

65 to 74 years 71 16 11 15 13 7 10 10 5 7 15

75 and older 51 11 5 10 6 5 10 7 1 1 2

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 31 7 3 11 4 3 10 5 1 4 4

Non-Hispanic 424 93 85 20 96 66 16 95 32 7 96

RACE

White 412 91 78 19 88 59 14 85 27 7 82

African American 6 1 1 18 1 1 19 2 1 11 2

All Others 37 8 9 25 10 9 25 13 5 14 16

(continued on next page)
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 9

Table 15 Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 21 5 2 8 2 1 5 1 1 3 2

$20,000 to $29,999 28 6 7 25 8 6 22 9 1 5 4

$30,000 to $39,999 27 6 4 14 4 3 13 5 2 6 5

$40,000 to $49,999 35 8 6 18 7 3 10 5 4 11 11

$50,000 to $74,999 72 16 15 21 17 10 14 15 5 8 17

$75,000 to $99,999 70 15 16 23 18 15 22 22 7 10 22

$100,000 to $149, 999 64 14 9 13 10 5 8 8 4 7 13

$150,000 or more 26 6 4 17 5 4 14 5 1 2 2

Not reported 113 25 25 22 29 21 18 30 8 7 24

EDUCATION

8 years or less 17 4 2 10 2 2 10 2 0 1 1

9 to 12 years 150 33 41 28 47 29 19 42 16 11 48

1 to 3 years of college 82 18 19 24 22 15 19 22 7 9 22

4 years or more 

of college

207 45 26 12 29 23 11 34 10 5 30

— No sample data 

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the 

activity named by the column (the percentage of the population living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under Sportspersons, Anglers, and Hunters show the 

percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 10

Table 22 Expenditures by Vermont Residents for Fishing and Hunting Both In and Out of Vermont: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

SPORTSPERSON

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF

SPENDERS

(thousands)

FISHING AND HUNTING 259,350 2,946 2,983 87

Food and lodging 28,426 323 552 51

Transportation 21,279 242 369 58

Other trip costs 2 29,448 334 502 59

Equipment (fishing, hunting) 40,253 457 657 61

Auxiliary equipment 3 8,201 93 271 30

Special equipment 4 84,789 963 3,565 24

Magazines, books, and DVDs 1,547 18 84 19

Membership dues/contributions 834 9 91 9

Other 5 44,573 506 735 61

FISHING 79,532 1,151 1,222 65

Food and lodging 16,922 245 408 41

Transportation 11,546 167 225 51

Other trip costs 2 23,613 342 396 60

Fishing equipment 11,120 161 228 49

Auxiliary equipment 3 2,462 36 289 9

Special equipment 4 12,162 176 559 22

Magazines, books, and DVDs 45 1 30 1

Membership dues/contributions 33 0 21 2

Other 5 1,629 24 41 39

HUNTING 101,179 3,076 3,098 33

Food and lodging 6,825 208 315 22

Transportation 6,067 184 311 20

Other trip costs 2 1,872 57 305 6

Hunting equipment 20,051 610 831 24

Auxiliary equipment 3 2,945 90 321 9

Special equipment 4 31,240 950 13,287 2

Magazines, books, and DVDs 243 7 55 4

Membership dues/contributions 401 12 115 3

Other 5 31,535 959 977 32

UNSPECIFIED 6 32,087 364 1,370 23

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).

3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair 

of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.

4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing, including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, 

pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).

6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.

NOTE: Individual estimates do not add to total because of multiple responses, nonreponse, the independent bridging of fishing and hunting participation, and the bridging of 

sportspersons participation relative to fishing participation.
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 11

Table 28 Vermont Resident Wildlife Watchers Both In and Out of Vermont: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS

DAYS OF 

PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# %

% 

Pop. # % # %

WILDLIFE WATCHERS 152 100 35 11,654 100 694 100

Away from home 61 40 14 1,514 13 694 100

Observe wildlife 60 40 14 1,017 9 x x

Photograph wildlife 28 18 6 240 2 x x

Feed wildlife 12 8 3 152 1 x x

Around the home 150 98 34 10,140 87 x x

Observe wildlife 128 84 29 8,601 74 x x

Photograph wildlife 72 47 16 689 6 x x

Feed wildlife 120 79 27 x x x x

Visit parks or natural areas 1 35 23 8 850 7 x x

Maintain plantings or natural areas 28 18 6 x x x x

x Not applicable 

1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the 

activity named by the column (the percentage of the population who observed wildlife away from home, etc.). Columns labeled “%” show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of wildlife watchers who observed wildlife away from home, etc.).
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 12

Table 30 Vermont Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 440 100 152 35 100 61 14 100 150 34 100

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 137 31 46 34 30 21 15 34 44 32 29

Rural 303 69 106 35 70 40 13 66 106 35 71

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

298 68 109 37 72 44 15 72 107 36 71

1,000,000 or more — — — — — — — — — — —

250,000 to 999.999 — — — — — — — — — — —

50,000 to 249,999 298 68 109 37 72 44 15 72 107 36 71

Outside MSA 142 32 43 30 28 17 12 28 43 30 29

SEX

Male 229 52 76 33 50 30 13 49 74 32 49

Female 211 48 76 36 50 31 15 51 76 36 51

AGE

16 to 17 years 47 11 6 12 4 6 12 9 6 12 4

18 to 24 years 24 6 8 32 5 5 19 7 8 32 5

25 to 34 years 42 10 16 39 11 8 20 14 16 39 11

35 to 44 years 75 17 29 38 19 4 6 7 29 38 19

45 to 54 years 72 16 28 39 18 14 20 23 26 35 17

55 to 64 years 83 19 31 37 20 15 18 25 31 37 20

65 years and older 96 22 35 36 23 9 9 14 35 36 23

65 to 74 years 41 9 13 32 9 4 10 7 13 32 9

75 and older 55 13 22 40 14 5 8 8 22 40 15

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 22 5 4 17 3 1 3 1 4 17 3

Non-Hispanic 418 95 148 35 97 60 14 99 146 35 97

RACE

White 380 86 139 37 92 54 14 88 137 36 92

African American 15 3 7 48 5 7 48 12 7 48 5

All Others 45 10 5 12 4 — — — 5 12 4

(continued on next page)
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 13

Table 30 Vermont Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 19 4 9 46 6 4 18 6 9 46 6

$20,000 to $29,999 21 5 9 41 6 4 21 7 9 41 6

$30,000 to $39,999 33 8 12 35 8 6 20 11 12 35 8

$40,000 to $49,999 40 9 13 33 9 6 15 10 11 27 7

$50,000 to $74,999 77 18 27 35 18 12 15 19 27 35 18

$75,000 to $99,999 41 9 15 38 10 7 17 11 15 38 10

$100,000 to $149, 999 81 18 18 22 12 11 14 18 18 22 12

$150,000 or more 28 6 12 42 8 4 13 6 12 42 8

Not reported 100 23 38 38 25 7 7 12 38 38 25

EDUCATION

8 years or less 18 4 3 19 2 1 5 1 3 19 2

9 to 12 years 184 42 53 29 35 16 9 27 51 28 34

1 to 3 years of college 104 24 41 39 27 14 13 23 41 39 27

4 years or more 

of college

134 30 55 41 36 30 22 49 55 41 36

— No sample data 

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who 

participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the population living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under TOTAL, Away From 

Home, and Around the Home show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of those who lived in urban areas, etc.).
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 14

Table 33A Expenditures by Vermont Residents for All Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Vermont: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 93,420 614 775 121 79

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 34,968 230 826 42 28

Food and lodging 18,293 120 524 35 23

Food 9,282 61 272 34 22

Lodging 9,011 59 679 13 9

Transportation 10,540 69 320 33 22

Other trip costs 2 6,135 40 377 16 11

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 58,452 384 526 111 73

Wildlife-watching equipment 22,450 148 209 107 71

Binoculars, spotting scopes 2,225 15 201 11 7

Film and photo processing 1,220 8 130 9 6

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

2,832 19 165 17 11

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 1,701 11 113 15 10

Bird food 12,203 80 132 92 61

Food for other wildlife 321 2 31 10 7

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

1,697 11 46 37 24

Other equipment (including field guides) 250 2 26 10 6

Auxiliary equipment 3 3,064 20 220 14 9

Special equipment 4 22,942 151 2,165 11 7

Magazines, books, and DVDs 675 4 56 12 8

Membership dues and contributions 3,984 26 190 21 14

Land leasing and ownership 2,806 18 5,000 1 0

Plantings 2,531 17 248 10 7

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 15

Table 33B Expenditures by Vermont Residents for Away-from-home Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Vermont: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 45,385 743 800 57 93

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 43,922 719 813 54 88

Food and lodging 25,727 421 528 49 80

Food 10,250 168 217 47 77

Lodging 15,477 254 669 23 38

Transportation 12,826 210 280 46 75

Other trip costs 2 5,369 88 220 24 40

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 1,463 24 83 18 29

Wildlife-watching equipment 1,238 20 93 13 22

Binoculars, spotting scopes 429 7 229 2 3

Film and photo processing — — — — —

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

— — — — —

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 623 10 110 6 9

Bird food 61 1 38 2 3

Food for other wildlife 41 1 35 1 2

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

— — — — —

Other equipment (including field guides) 84 1 27 3 5

Auxiliary equipment 3 26 0 20 1 2

Special equipment 4 0 0 0 — —

Magazines, books, and DVDs 56 1 13 4 7

Membership dues and contributions 143 2 100 1 2

Land leasing and ownership — — — — —

Plantings — — — — —

— No sample data 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 16

Table 33C Expenditures by Vermont Residents for Around-the-home Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Vermont: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 31,541 211 321 98 66

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES x x x x x

Food and lodging x x x x x

Food x x x x x

Lodging x x x x x

Transportation x x x x x

Other trip costs 2 x x x x x

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 31,541 211 321 98 66

Wildlife-watching equipment 18,412 123 195 94 63

Binoculars, spotting scopes 1,020 7 83 12 8

Film and photo processing 1,438 10 590 2 2

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

1,801 12 220 8 5

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 315 2 119 3 2

Bird food 11,888 79 136 88 58

Food for other wildlife 303 2 26 11 8

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

1,524 10 45 34 23

Other equipment (including field guides) 122 1 15 8 6

Auxiliary equipment 3 449 3 200 2 2

Special equipment 4 4,496 30 1,249 4 2

Magazines, books, and DVDs 72 0 31 2 2

Membership dues and contributions 2,228 15 186 12 8

Land leasing and ownership 4,097 27 5,000 1 1

Plantings 1,787 12 275 7 4

— No sample data x Not applicable 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 17

Table 35 Vermont Resident Wildlife Watchers Participating in Fishing or Hunting: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

# % # % # %

ALL WILDLIFE WATCHERS 152 100 61 100 150 100

Did not fish or hunt 94 62 33 55 94 63

Fished or hunted 58 38 28 45 55 37

Fished 46 30 23 37 44 29

Hunted 32 21 23 38 30 20

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
Vermont // Appendix A: Point Estimates // 18

Table 36 Vermont Resident Sportspersons Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

# % # % # %

ALL SPORTSPERSONS 88 100 69 100 33 100

Did not watch wildlife 20 23 16 22 7 22

Watched wildlife 68 77 54 78 26 78

Away from home 34 38 27 40 15 46

Around the home 66 75 52 75 25 75

NOTE: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 19

APPENDIX B: STANDARD ERRORS

The tables in Appendix B depict the standard errors, subject 

to rounding error, corresponding to the calibrated point 

estimates reported in the tables in Appendix A. Summary 

statistics reported in these calibrated tables are described 

below, by table.

Table 5

Fishing and hunting, participation, days, and trips

• Standard errors of total fishing participation and total 

hunting participation: product-type statistics derived using 

model point estimates and standard errors of percent 

participation in the population and survey point estimates 

and standard errors of total population based on adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR weights.

• Standard errors of total freshwater, freshwater except Great 

Lakes, Great Lakes, and saltwater fishing participation, 

total big game, small game, migratory birds, and other 

animals hunting participation: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of 

total fishing participation, point estimates and standard 

errors of total hunting participation, point estimates and 

standard errors of percent participation of freshwater, 

freshwater except Great Lakes, Great Lakes, and saltwater 

fishing in all fishing, and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent participation of big game, small game, 

migratory birds, and other animals hunting in all hunting 

(columns denoted by %).

• Standard errors of total fishing (all and subcategories) 

days/trips of participation and total hunting (all and 

subcategories) days/trips of participation: product-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total number of fishing (all and subcategories) 

participants, point estimates and standard errors of total 

number of hunting (all and subcategories) participants, 

and point estimates and standard errors of days/trips 

per participant (not displayed).

• Standard errors of percent participation (columns denoted 

by %): statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data 

from the fishing or hunting survey for the fishing and 

hunting sections, respectively.

Table 15

Fishing and hunting, demographics

• Standard errors of total population (all and subcategories): 

composite statistics constructed using 2-way composite 

factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final and 

replicate weights, using data from both the fishing and 

the hunting surveys.

• Standard errors of total number of anglers and total 

number of hunters: product-type statistics derived using 

model point estimates and standard errors for percent 

participation in the population (columns denoted by 

% Pop.) and survey point estimates and standard errors 

of total population based on adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final and replicate weights.

• Standard errors of total number of sportspersons: ratio-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard errors 

of total number of anglers and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent anglers in sportspersons (not displayed).

• Standard errors of total population, sportspersons, anglers, 

hunters, by demographics: product-type statistics, derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of total population, 

sportspersons, anglers, hunters participation, and point 

estimates and standard errors of percent demographicspecific participation in total participation (columns 

denoted by %).
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 20

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific population, 

sportspersons, anglers, hunters participation in total 

participation (columns denoted by %): composite statistics 

constructed using 2-way composite factors to adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the fishing and hunting surveys.

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific anglers 

and hunters participation in the total demographic-specific 

population (columns denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type 

statistics, derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total demographic-specific anglers and hunters 

participation and total demographic-specific population.

• Standard errors of percent total and demographicspecific sportspersons participation in the total and 

demographic-specif­ic population (column denoted 

by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using point 

estimates and standard errors of total population 

and sportspersons participation.

Table 22

Fishing and hunting, spenders and expenses

• Standard errors of total fishing and hunting expenditure 

(all and subcategories) amount, total fishing expenditure 

(all and subcategories) amount, total hunting expenditure 

(all and subcategories) amount, and total unspecified 

expenditure amount: product-type statistics derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of expenditure 

amount per participant (columns denoted by Average Per 

Sportsperson), and point estimates and standard errors 

of total sportspersons participation (all and subcategories), 

point estimates and standard errors of total anglers 

participation (all and subcategories), point estimates and 

standard errors of total hunters participation (all and 

subcategories) and point estimates and standard errors 

of total sportspersons participation, respectively.

• Standard errors of expenditure amount per participant 

(columns denoted by Average Per Sportsperson) and 

expenditure amount per spender (columns denoted by 

Average Per Spender):

> Fishing section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the fishing survey only.

> Hunting section: statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the hunting survey only.

> Fishing and hunting, and unspecified sections: except 

for some expenses and spenders noted in the table 

footnotes, these are composite statistics constructed 

using 2-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using 

data from the fishing and hunting surveys.

• Standard errors of total fishing and hunting (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders, total fishing (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders, total hunting (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders, and total unspecified 

number of spenders: product-type statistics derived using 

the point estimates and standard errors of percent spenders 

in total participation (not displayed), and point estimates 

and standard errors of total sportspersons participation 

(all and subcategories), point estimates and standard errors 

of total anglers participation (all and subcategories), point 

estimates and standard errors of total hunters participation 

(all and subcategories) and point estimates and standard 

errors of total sportspersons participation, respectively.

Table 28

Wildlife watching, participation, days, and trips

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching participation: 

product-type statistics derived using model point estimates 

and standard errors of percent participation in the population, 

and survey point estimates and standard errors of total 

population based on adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final and replicate weights.

• Standard errors of total away from home (all and subcategories) and around the home (all and subcategories) 

wildlife watching participation: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of 

total wildlife watching participation, point estimates and 

standard errors of percent participation of away from home 

(all and subcategories) and point estimates and standard 

errors of around the home (all and subcategories) wildlife 

watching in all wildlife watching (columns denoted by %).
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 21

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching (all and subcategories) days/trips of participation: product-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard errors 

of total number of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) 

participants and point estimates and standard errors of 

days/trips per participant (not displayed).

• Standard errors of percent participation (columns denoted 

by %): statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data 

from the wildlife watching survey.

• Standard errors of percent participation in the total 

population (column denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type 

statistics, derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total population from Table 30 and point estimates 

and standard errors of wildlife watching participation.

Table 30

Wildlife watching, demographics

• Standard errors of total population (all and subcategories): 

composite statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the wildlife watching survey. Note that the 

standard errors of total population estimates in Tables 15 

and 30 differ due to demographic harmonization without 

state targets estimated from the National Survey of FHWAR 

(information not available); see Rockville Institute (2020) 

for more details about the demographic harmonization.

• Standard errors of total number of wildlife watchers: 

product-type statistics derived using model point 

estimates and standard errors of percent participation in 

the population (columns denoted by % Pop.) and survey 

standard error of total population based on adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights.

• Standard errors of total number of away from home or 

around the home wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of 

total number of wildlife watchers and point estimates and 

standard errors of percent away from home or around the 

home wildlife watchers in all wildlife watchers (columns 

denoted by % Pop. in Table 35).

• Standard errors of total population, wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home, by demographics: 

product-type statistics, derived using point estimates 

and standard errors of total population, wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home participation and point 

estimates and standard errors of percent demographicspecific participation in total participation (columns 

denoted by %).

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific population, 

wildlife watchers, away from home, around the home 

participation in total participation (columns denoted 

by %): composite statistics constructed using full adjusted 

50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, 

using data from the wildlife watching survey.

• Standard errors of percent demographic-specific wildlife 

watchers in the total demographic-specific population 

(column denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of total 

demographic-specific wildlife watchers participation 

and point estimates and standard errors of total 

demographic-specific population.

• Standard errors of percent total and demographic-specific 

away from home and around the home participation in 

the total and demographic-specif­ic population (columns 

denoted by % Pop.): ratio-type statistics, derived using point 

estimates and standard errors of total population and away 

from home and around the home participation, respectively.

Table 33

Wildlife watching, spenders and expenditures — three 

versions for all wildlife watchers, away from home wildlife 

watchers, and around the home wildlife watchers

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching expenditure (all 

and subcategories) amount: product-type statistics derived 

using point estimates and standard errors of total number 

of wildlife watching (all and subcategories) participants 

and point estimates and standard errors of expenditure 

amount per participant (columns denoted by Average 

Per Wildlife Watcher).
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 22

• Standard errors or expenditure amount per participant 

(columns denoted by Average Per Wildlife Watcher) 

and expenditure amount per spender (columns denoted 

by Average Per Spender): statistics constructed using 

full adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate 

weights, using data from the wildlife watching 

survey only.

• Standard errors of total wildlife watching (all and 

subcategories) number of spenders: product-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total number of wildlife watching (all and 

subcategories) participants and point estimates and 

standard errors of the percent spenders in total 

participation (columns denoted by Percent of 

Wildlife Watchers).

• Standard errors of percent spenders in total participation 

(columns denoted by Percent of Wildlife Watchers): 

statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State Survey 

of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data from 

the wildlife watching survey only.

Table 35

Wildlife watchers participating in fishing and hunting

• Standard errors of total number of wildlife watchers: 

product-type statistics derived using model point estimates 

and standard errors of percent participation in the population 

(columns denoted by % Pop. in Table 30) and survey point 

estimates and standard errors of total population based 

on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR final and replicate 

weights (displayed in Table 30).

• Standard errors of total number of away from home or 

around the home wildlife watchers: product-type statistics 

derived using point estimates and standard errors of total 

number of wildlife watchers and point estimates and 

standard errors of percent away from home or around 

the home wildlife watchers in all wildlife watchers 

(columns not displayed).

• Standard errors of total number of wildlife watchers, 

away from home, around the home who did not fish 

or hunt, fished or hunted, fished, hunted: product-type 

statistics, derived using point estimates and standard 

errors of total number of wildlife watchers and point 

estimates and standard errors of percent sportspersonspecific category in the corresponding total participation 

(columns denoted by %).

• Standard errors or percent sportsperson-specific category 

in the corresponding total participation (columns denoted 

by %): statistics constructed using full adjusted 50-State 

Survey of FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data 

from the wildlife watching survey.

Table 36

Sportspersons participating in wildlife watching

• Standard errors of total number of sportspersons: ratio-type 

statistics derived using point estimates and standard errors 

of total number of anglers and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent anglers in sportspersons (not displayed).

• Standard errors of total number of anglers or total number 

of hunters: product-type statistics derived using model 

point estimates and standard errors of percent participation 

in the population (columns denoted by % Pop. in Table 15) 

and survey point estimates and standard errors of total 

population based on adjusted 50-State Survey of FHWAR 

weights (displayed in Table 15).

• Standard errors of total number of sportspersons, anglers, 

or hunters who did not wildlife watch, wildlife watch, 

wildlife watch away from home, wildlife watch around the 

home: product-type statistics, derived using point estimates 

and standard errors of total number of sportspersons, 

anglers, or hunters and point estimates and standard 

errors of percent wildlife watcher-specific category in the 

corresponding total participation (columns denoted by %).

• Standard errors of percent wildlife watcher-specific 

category in the corresponding total participation (columns 

denoted by %): composite statistics constructed using 

3-way composite factors to adjusted 50-State Survey of 

FHWAR final and replicate weights, using data from the 

fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching surveys.
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 23

Table 5 SE Standard Errors of Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation and Trips in the United States, 

by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2016 

(Population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS DAYS OF PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# % # % # %

ALL FISHING 15.11 0.00 451.52 0.00 350.70 0.00

All freshwater 14.69 1.85 416.37 5.42 327.88 7.92

Freshwater, except Great Lakes 14.69 1.85 413.13 6.57 302.09 9.25

Great Lakes 12.77 18.40 90.79 5.56 86.31 8.23

Saltwater 3.43 4.56 89.30 5.42 85.87 7.92

ALL HUNTING 8.22 0.00 218.72 0.00 166.94 0.00

Big game 7.35 4.54 196.57 5.89 118.53 10.20

Small game 4.62 9.22 56.05 6.26 55.93 6.95

Migratory birds 3.26 9.44 25.18 3.22 24.45 4.28

Other animals 1.24 3.21 12.34 1.32 9.14 1.34
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 24

Table 15 SE Standard Errors of Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 26.83 0.00 19.97 4.53 0.00 15.11 3.20 0.00 8.22 1.76 0.00

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 22.78 4.88 11.09 5.77 9.24 10.02 5.19 11.29 5.36 2.70 14.53

Rural 29.38 4.88 14.56 6.29 9.24 11.48 4.91 11.29 7.20 3.04 14.53

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

24.50 3.69 15.02 4.70 7.43 12.32 3.85 9.28 6.15 1.90 11.03

1,000,000 or more — — — — — — — — — — —

250,000 to 999,999 — — — — — — — — — — —

50,000 to 249,999 24.50 3.69 15.02 4.70 7.43 12.32 3.85 9.28 6.15 1.90 11.03

Outside MSA 18.93 3.69 9.00 8.17 7.43 7.71 6.82 9.28 4.74 4.19 11.03

SEX

Male 19.93 4.14 15.35 7.64 6.68 11.89 5.90 8.66 7.03 3.45 9.24

Female 26.31 4.14 8.10 3.56 6.68 7.54 3.29 8.66 3.47 1.48 9.24

AGE

16 to 17 years 6.59 1.41 2.87 26.13 3.18 2.96 26.93 4.19 — — —

18 to 24 years 8.70 1.93 2.26 14.85 2.38 2.08 12.87 2.89 0.93 5.64 2.72

25 to 34 years 14.74 3.25 6.23 12.12 6.01 5.19 9.87 6.69 2.79 5.15 7.62

35 to 44 years 22.35 4.48 9.18 9.91 9.38 8.86 9.38 11.98 5.08 5.48 13.58

45 to 54 years 9.47 2.02 4.71 8.73 3.54 3.91 7.10 4.28 1.98 3.54 4.50

55 to 64 years 10.61 2.31 4.08 5.77 3.34 3.45 4.77 4.14 1.79 2.45 4.44

65 years and older 16.50 3.12 4.89 4.39 3.74 3.98 3.52 4.41 2.06 1.79 4.81

65 to 74 years 12.40 2.60 3.71 5.84 3.19 2.66 4.11 3.18 1.94 2.96 4.68

75 and older 13.17 2.74 2.30 5.28 2.31 2.33 5.25 3.06 0.34 0.72 0.96

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 12.72 2.72 2.24 8.43 2.46 2.29 8.43 3.24 1.09 3.81 3.29

Non-Hispanic 26.39 2.72 19.33 4.72 2.46 14.59 3.57 3.24 8.00 1.94 3.29

RACE

White 31.49 3.93 19.51 4.95 9.76 15.45 3.90 12.70 8.33 2.08 15.32

African American 4.43 0.97 1.22 23.88 1.40 1.27 24.66 1.84 0.72 14.04 2.20

All Others 17.56 3.86 8.63 26.38 9.77 8.84 26.83 12.76 5.10 15.44 15.49

(continued on next page)
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 25

Table 15 SE Standard Errors of Vermont Resident Anglers and Hunters, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 7.33 1.59 0.83 4.87 0.86 0.54 3.01 0.73 0.37 2.00 1.08

$20,000 to $29,999 7.98 1.77 3.60 14.78 3.78 3.55 14.25 4.88 0.78 3.18 2.14

$30,000 to $39,999 8.08 1.74 2.12 9.07 2.26 2.10 8.82 2.92 1.13 4.58 3.32

$40,000 to $49,999 11.51 2.45 3.13 10.82 3.26 2.03 6.65 2.81 1.93 6.57 5.36

$50,000 to $74,999 17.54 3.88 5.33 8.92 4.77 3.77 6.23 4.53 2.50 3.91 6.58

$75,000 to $99,999 18.42 4.05 8.67 13.85 9.15 8.57 13.59 11.69 5.01 7.69 14.65

$100,000 to $149, 999 12.64 2.78 3.29 5.76 3.07 2.45 4.16 3.19 1.82 3.14 4.55

$150,000 or more 7.52 1.67 2.22 9.98 2.34 2.14 9.34 2.95 0.40 1.70 1.15

Not reported 22.56 4.14 8.78 8.93 7.77 8.10 8.04 9.94 3.80 3.63 10.18

EDUCATION

8 years or less 8.56 1.84 1.24 8.89 1.38 1.29 9.21 1.83 0.18 1.18 0.54

9 to 12 years 18.05 3.43 11.36 8.30 7.45 8.45 6.11 8.32 5.20 3.70 10.71

1 to 3 years of college 12.88 2.62 6.81 9.06 6.04 6.20 8.07 7.76 3.40 4.35 9.04

4 years or more 

of college

21.64 4.15 9.98 5.00 9.48 9.39 4.70 11.71 5.19 2.56 14.35

— No sample data 

NOTE: Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the population living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under Sportspersons, Anglers, and Hunters show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described 

by the row heading (the percentage of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 26

Table 22 SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Vermont Residents for Fishing and Hunting Both In and Out of Vermont: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

SPORTSPERSON

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF

SPENDERS

(thousands)

FISHING AND HUNTING 77,302.66 584.67 588.59 20.71

Food and lodging 11,186.20 106.60 180.66 13.85

Transportation 6,880.64 57.18 75.86 15.00

Other trip costs 2 14,183.31 145.92 213.98 15.22

Equipment (fishing, hunting) 13,842.85 121.33 178.24 15.38

Auxiliary equipment 3 2,655.10 22.09 92.93 9.73

Special equipment 4 31,214.23 286.69 1,664.40 9.65

Magazines, books, and DVDs 894.10 9.59 15.27 9.24

Membership dues/contributions 320.34 3.02 24.06 3.74

Other 5 25,782.45 276.61 410.33 15.31

FISHING 29,480.61 352.97 372.88 14.42

Food and lodging 8,731.30 117.27 217.11 11.99

Transportation 4,296.11 51.54 65.35 13.00

Other trip costs 2 11,703.19 155.74 179.71 13.59

Fishing equipment 3,911.05 45.42 70.96 12.31

Auxiliary equipment 3 1,599.71 22.34 76.28 4.62

Special equipment 4 7,582.90 105.31 123.60 11.71

Magazines, books, and DVDs 27.20 0.38 9.09 0.86

Membership dues/contributions 25.42 0.36 29.20 1.36

Other 5 609.77 7.34 8.93 11.53

HUNTING 36,909.96 844.14 858.01 8.17

Food and lodging 2,522.77 58.35 84.32 5.98

Transportation 2,244.99 51.98 73.01 5.57

Other trip costs 2 1,063.61 29.99 133.62 2.27

Hunting equipment 7,027.31 154.67 179.57 6.34

Auxiliary equipment 3 1,173.26 28.69 78.92 3.03

Special equipment 4 16,809.54 467.43 5,693.21 1.07

Magazines, books, and DVDs 132.89 3.71 13.73 2.01

Membership dues/contributions 180.29 4.71 28.96 1.56

Other 5 19,062.57 545.02 556.68 8.08

UNSPECIFIED 6 17,703.05 188.21 946.01 9.52

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only).

3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair 

of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device.

4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing, including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, 

pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.

5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only).

6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 27

Table 28 SE Standard Errors of Vermont Resident Wildlife Watchers Both In and Out of Vermont: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

 PARTICIPANTS

DAYS OF 

PARTICIPATION TRIPS

# %

% 

Pop. # % # %

WILDLIFE WATCHERS 16.89 0.00 2.65 2,221.52 0.00 194.14 0.00

Away from home 11.55 6.19 2.85 400.98 2.48 213.08 0.00

Observe wildlife 11.49 6.18 2.84 300.26 1.86 x x

Photograph wildlife 8.43 5.18 1.98 111.09 0.62 x x

Feed wildlife 6.98 4.54 1.60 114.13 0.78 x x

Around the home 16.81 1.60 4.70 1,984.90 2.48 x x

Observe wildlife 15.75 4.50 4.28 1,708.00 3.29 x x

Photograph wildlife 12.40 6.26 3.11 192.39 1.30 x x

Feed wildlife 15.63 5.40 4.18 x x x x

Visit parks or natural areas 1 9.58 5.81 2.27 363.28 1.83 x x

Maintain plantings or natural areas 7.39 4.44 1.76 x x x x

x Not applicable 

1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home.

NOTE: Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the 

population who observed wildlife away from home, etc.). Columns labeled “%” show the percentage of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the 

percentage of wildlife watchers who observed wildlife away from home, etc.).
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 28

Table 30 SE Standard Errors of Vermont Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

TOTAL 35.52 0.00 16.89 2.65 0.00 11.55 2.85 0.00 16.81 4.70 0.00

RESIDENCE DENSITY

Urban 24.42 5.65 10.17 9.55 5.81 6.93 5.75 9.45 9.82 9.16 5.71

Rural 39.26 5.65 14.67 6.62 5.81 9.46 3.56 9.45 14.60 6.61 5.71

RESIDENCE SIZE

Metropolitan Statistical 

Area (MSA)

36.03 6.57 14.54 6.60 5.29 10.62 3.99 11.09 14.41 6.51 5.36

1,000,000 or more — — — — — — — — — — —

250,000 to 999.999 — — — — — — — — — — —

50,000 to 249,999 36.03 6.57 14.54 6.60 5.29 10.62 3.99 11.09 14.41 6.51 5.36

Outside MSA 32.30 6.57 9.30 9.43 5.29 7.41 5.88 11.09 9.31 9.43 5.36

SEX

Male 31.87 6.26 11.33 6.77 5.01 7.80 3.86 8.98 11.28 6.66 5.16

Female 33.88 6.26 11.36 7.89 5.01 7.99 4.46 8.98 11.49 7.93 5.16

AGE

16 to 17 years 26.83 5.97 6.15 15.00 4.05 6.13 14.96 10.06 6.15 15.00 4.11

18 to 24 years 14.23 3.21 4.78 26.77 3.12 3.56 18.11 5.75 4.79 26.78 3.16

25 to 34 years 17.97 3.92 6.87 23.16 4.39 5.51 15.49 8.80 6.88 23.17 4.45

35 to 44 years 23.28 4.96 10.27 18.12 6.46 2.80 4.13 4.47 10.24 18.08 6.53

45 to 54 years 15.94 3.72 7.41 13.31 4.46 5.50 8.74 8.01 6.74 12.14 4.10

55 to 64 years 15.98 3.50 6.87 10.84 3.96 4.88 6.83 6.56 6.91 10.87 4.03

65 years and older 21.83 4.48 9.40 12.81 5.66 3.78 4.44 5.68 9.36 12.78 5.71

65 to 74 years 11.64 2.54 3.81 12.99 2.33 2.30 6.30 3.61 3.81 13.00 2.37

75 and older 18.45 3.99 8.32 20.13 5.27 3.07 6.23 4.91 8.30 20.09 5.33

ETHNICITY

Hispanic 12.25 2.74 2.54 14.84 1.66 0.65 3.25 1.06 2.55 14.85 1.68

Non-Hispanic 34.83 2.74 16.65 4.96 1.66 11.45 2.99 1.06 16.56 4.92 1.68

RACE

White 45.46 7.59 16.96 6.25 4.58 11.86 3.55 10.11 16.87 6.18 4.64

African American 13.58 3.02 6.30 60.29 4.14 6.21 59.88 10.11 6.30 60.30 4.20

All Others 33.15 7.48 3.31 11.74 2.15 — — — 3.31 11.74 2.18

(continued on next page)
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 29

Table 30 SE Standard Errors of Vermont Resident Wildlife Watchers, by Selected Characteristics: 2016 (continued) 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

(continued from previous page)

POPULATION TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

Total % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. % Total

% 

Pop. %

ANNUAL 

HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $20,000 10.33 2.30 4.70 34.23 3.04 1.83 13.47 2.85 4.70 34.24 3.09

$20,000 to $29,999 6.46 1.44 3.01 19.13 1.89 2.27 12.51 3.54 3.04 19.22 1.93

$30,000 to $39,999 12.00 2.63 4.68 19.01 2.98 3.94 13.89 6.24 4.67 19.01 3.02

$40,000 to $49,999 14.26 3.26 5.06 17.41 3.20 3.79 10.96 6.02 4.30 14.59 2.77

$50,000 to $74,999 19.30 4.25 7.47 13.05 4.52 4.55 6.98 6.63 7.50 13.08 4.60

$75,000 to $99,999 16.30 3.67 6.48 22.09 4.14 5.02 14.11 8.10 6.48 22.09 4.20

$100,000 to $149, 999 33.92 7.55 6.99 12.43 4.44 6.44 9.76 10.14 6.99 12.43 4.50

$150,000 or more 9.27 2.12 4.20 20.66 2.64 2.25 9.18 3.57 4.21 20.68 2.69

Not reported 27.12 5.41 11.10 15.17 6.80 4.21 4.68 6.62 11.03 15.12 6.85

EDUCATION

8 years or less 8.77 1.97 2.05 14.92 1.33 0.96 5.97 1.57 2.06 14.98 1.36

9 to 12 years 33.77 6.28 11.15 8.06 6.26 6.97 4.13 10.42 11.18 7.92 6.46

1 to 3 years of college 22.60 4.85 9.01 12.08 5.15 4.72 5.35 6.56 9.04 12.10 5.23

4 years or more 

of college

20.46 4.49 10.53 10.02 5.70 8.75 7.36 11.14 10.59 10.05 5.80

— No sample data 

NOTE: Percent population (% Pop.) columns show the percentage of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percentage of the 

population living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Columns labeled “%”under TOTAL, Away From Home, and Around the Home show the percentage of each column’s 

participants who are described by the row heading (the percentage of those who lived in urban areas, etc.).
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 30

Table 33A SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Vermont Residents for All Wildlife Watching Both In and Out of Vermont: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 22,198.40 129.85 155.59 15.76 5.50

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 11,795.23 73.70 270.20 9.79 5.68

Food and lodging 5,686.75 35.15 173.09 9.14 5.48

Food 3,258.06 20.45 96.33 9.04 5.43

Lodging 2,992.99 18.66 133.30 3.97 2.44

Transportation 3,124.89 19.17 69.13 7.58 4.39

Other trip costs 2 4,743.35 31.06 279.51 5.25 3.26

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 16,782.79 102.41 134.88 15.33 6.00

Wildlife-watching equipment 4,381.96 23.84 30.34 14.97 6.00

Binoculars, spotting scopes 1,151.94 7.44 124.86 4.56 2.91

Film and photo processing 1,103.03 7.24 227.82 6.62 4.33

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

1,179.24 7.52 84.95 7.08 4.51

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 694.71 4.42 61.83 6.98 4.48

Bird food 2,590.49 14.61 20.14 13.96 6.26

Food for other wildlife 171.14 1.11 3.26 5.58 3.61

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

378.11 2.17 3.89 7.91 4.46

Other equipment (including field guides) 103.37 0.66 13.28 4.29 2.75

Auxiliary equipment 3 1,290.44 8.24 73.06 6.58 4.23

Special equipment 4 14,582.69 95.01 1,938.70 5.73 3.71

Magazines, books, and DVDs 453.44 2.96 23.68 5.69 3.66

Membership dues and contributions 1,462.24 9.22 54.80 5.15 3.04

Land leasing and ownership 2,879.69 18.94 0.00 0.58 0.38

Plantings 1,028.91 6.55 69.06 3.11 1.92

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 31

Table 33B SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Vermont Residents for Away-from-home Wildlife Watching 

Both In and Out of Vermont: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 14,178.78 188.22 201.37 11.03 4.22

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES 13,835.09 184.52 206.42 10.88 6.21

Food and lodging 8,973.23 125.75 158.08 10.79 9.36

Food 3,347.31 45.51 58.15 10.62 9.57

Lodging 5,968.68 86.76 164.75 7.74 10.66

Transportation 3,990.48 52.85 64.40 10.84 10.83

Other trip costs 2 3,267.50 51.80 115.21 8.41 11.74

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 723.17 11.14 32.20 6.58 9.48

Wildlife-watching equipment 671.44 10.50 35.89 5.37 7.91

Binoculars, spotting scopes 411.04 6.72 478.07 1.54 2.49

Film and photo processing — — — — —

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

— — — — —

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 474.82 7.67 47.60 3.60 5.74

Bird food 49.43 0.80 17.76 1.23 1.99

Food for other wildlife 43.20 0.71 0.00 1.23 2.02

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

— — — — —

Other equipment (including field guides) 75.76 1.24 30.15 2.25 3.62

Auxiliary equipment 3 27.83 0.46 0.00 1.39 2.28

Special equipment 4 — — — — —

Magazines, books, and DVDs 42.65 0.69 12.12 3.60 5.85

Membership dues and contributions 149.83 2.46 0.00 1.50 2.46

Land leasing and ownership — — — — —

Plantings — — — — —

— No sample data 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 32

Table 33C SE Standard Errors of Expenditures by Vermont Residents for Around-the-home Wildlife Watching 

Both In and Out of Vermont: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

AMOUNT

(thousands of $)

AVERAGE PER 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHER

($) 1

AVERAGE PER 

SPENDER

($) 1

NUMBER OF 

SPENDERS

(thousands)

PERCENT OF 

WILDLIFE 

WATCHERS

ALL EXPENDITURES 8,850.48 54.52 76.34 15.72 7.52

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES x x x x x

Food and lodging x x x x x

Food x x x x x

Lodging x x x x x

Transportation x x x x x

Other trip costs 2 x x x x x

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES 8,850.48 54.52 76.34 15.72 7.52

Wildlife-watching equipment 4,534.33 27.12 36.38 15.33 7.44

Binoculars, spotting scopes 521.91 3.42 59.87 6.42 4.21

Film and photo processing 1,488.85 9.95 0.00 2.52 1.69

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and 

other photographic equipment, including 

memory cards

847.81 5.53 49.59 3.68 2.39

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing 259.67 1.73 74.32 1.79 1.18

Bird food 3,219.10 19.69 27.68 14.96 7.58

Food for other wildlife 236.00 1.57 7.48 7.89 5.23

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, 

and bird baths

428.16 2.64 5.81 8.86 5.37

Other equipment (including field guides) 75.69 0.50 11.96 5.87 3.90

Auxiliary equipment 3 302.35 2.00 141.35 1.43 0.94

Special equipment 4 3,970.71 26.47 1,562.02 2.72 1.81

Magazines, books, and DVDs 50.68 0.34 4.13 1.55 1.03

Membership dues and contributions 1,116.57 7.31 80.64 4.26 2.72

Land leasing and ownership 4,224.63 28.22 0.00 0.84 0.56

Plantings 1,199.89 7.95 134.29 3.26 2.13

— No sample data x Not applicable 

1 Average expenditures are annual estimates.

2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel.

3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment.

4 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, 

recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment.
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 33

Table 35 SE Standard Errors of Vermont Resident Wildlife Watchers Participating in Fishing or Hunting: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

TOTAL AWAY FROM HOME AROUND THE HOME

# % # % # %

ALL WILDLIFE WATCHERS 16.89 0.00 11.55 0.00 16.81 0.00

Did not fish or hunt 14.56 6.69 8.89 10.41 14.73 6.88

Fished or hunted 11.98 6.69 8.14 10.41 11.98 6.88

Fished 11.70 6.96 7.82 10.93 11.66 7.11

Hunted 9.95 6.14 7.89 10.99 9.79 6.18
 Vermont // Appendix B: Standard Errors // 34

Table 36 SE Standard Errors of Vermont Resident Sportspersons Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2016 

(State population 16 years and older. Numbers in thousands)

SPORTSPERSONS ANGLERS HUNTERS

# % # % # %

ALL SPORTSPERSONS 19.97 0.00 15.11 0.00 8.22 0.00

Did not watch wildlife 6.07 4.67 5.03 5.51 2.61 5.97

Watched wildlife 15.92 4.67 12.29 5.51 6.71 5.97

Away from home 9.63 6.84 8.25 8.41 4.83 9.32

Around the home 15.57 4.99 12.02 5.88 6.52 6.48