NISTIR 6659

Thermodynamic, Transport, and Chemical 

Properties of “Reference” JP-8

Thomas J. Bruno

Marcia Huber

Arno Laesecke

Eric Lemmon

Mark McLinden

Stephanie L. Outcalt

Richard Perkins

Beverly L. Smith

Jason A. Widegren

National Institute of Standards and Technology

United States Department of Commerce

NISTIR 6659

Thermodynamic, Transport, and Chemical 

Properties of “Reference” JP-8

Thomas J. Bruno

Marcia Huber

Arno Laesecke

Eric Lemmon

Mark McLinden

Stephanie L. Outcalt

Richard Perkins

Beverly L. Smith

Jason A. Widegren

Physical and Chemical Properties Division

National Institute of Standards and Technology

325 Broadway

Boulder, CO 80305-3337

July 2010

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Gary Locke, Secretary

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

Patrick D. Gallagher, Director

Table of Contents

Accomplishments and New Findings............................................................... ... 1

Chemical Analyses of JP-8 and Jet-A samples ................................................... .... 1

Thermal Decomposition................................................................................... 6

Thermal Decomposition of Jet-A-4658....................................................... ........... 6

Thermal Decomposition of Propylcyclohexane ........................................................ 13

Thermophysical Property Measurements on Methylcyclohexane..............................................

and Propylcyclohexane...................................................................................... 17

Compressed Liquid Density Measurements for Methyland Propylcyclohexane...................................................................................... 17

Viscosity Measurements of Methyl- and Propylcyclohexane........................................ 24

Sound Speed Measurements of Methyl- and Propylcyclohexane................................... 28

Thermal Conductivity of Methyl- and Propylcyclohexane ................................. ........ 31

Thermophysical Property Measurements on Jet-A, JP-8 and S-8............................. .... 34

Distillation Curves of Jet-A, JP-8 and S-8.............................................................. 34

Density Measurements of Compressed Liquid Jet-A, JP-8 and S-8................................ 59

Viscosity Measurements of Jet-A Fuels at Ambient Pressure......................................... 71

Thermal Conductivity Measurements of the Compressed

 Liquid Aviation Fuels ...................................................................................... 80

Heat Capacities of Jet Fuels S-8 and JP-8........................................... ..................... 83

Development of the Thermodynamic and Transport Model.......................................... 86

References................................................................................................... 98

Appendix 1: Thermal Conductivity Measurements for Aviation Fuels ............. .............. 102

Accomplishments and New Findings:

This report will not necessarily be presented in the order in which work was performed, 

but rather we will progress from the general topics to the more specific topics. Thus, the 

chemical analysis and the thermal decomposition measurements that were made, which 

necessarily affect all conclusions that can be drawn from all subsequent measurements, 

will be presented first. Then, we will present the property measurement work on the pure 

fluids that were needed to support model development. Subsequent to this section, we 

present the measurements on the actual aviation fuels, and then finally the 

thermodynamic and transport modeling results. 

Chemical Analyses of JP-8 and Jet-A samples:

A total of five individual samples of representative aviation fuels (one JP-8, three Jet-A, 

one Fischer Tropsch synthetic fuel, S-8) were obtained from the Air Force Research 

Laboratory for this work. The sample of JP-8 was POSF-3773, directly from the Wright 

Patterson Air Force Base flight line. The three samples of Jet-A were POSF -3602, -3638 

and -4658, the latter being a composite mixture prepared by AFRL. The synthetic 

Fischer Tropsch fuel was POSF-4734. 

A chemical analysis was done on each of the fluid samples by gas chromatography mass 

spectrometry (30 m capillary column of 5% phenyl polydimethyl siloxane having a 

thickness of 1 μm, temperature program from 90 to 250 °C, 10 °C per minute). Mass 

spectra were collected for each peak from 15 to 550 RMM (relative molecular mass) 

units1, 2. Chromatographic peaks made up of individual mass spectra were examined for 

peak purity, then the mass spectra were used for qualitative identification. Components 

in excess of 0.5 mole percent were selected for identification and tabulated for each fluid. 

In addition to this detailed analysis, the hydrocarbon type classification based on ASTM 

D-2789 was performed. These results figure in the overall mixture characterization, and 

are also used for comparisons with the chemical analyses of individual distillate fractions 

(discussed in the section on distillation curves). In addition, this approach to 

characterizing the mixtures allows the development of fluid mixture files for equation of 

state development, which will be described later. 

The chemical analysis typically allows the identification of between 40 and 60 percent 

(by mass) of the fluid components. There are usually numerous minor components that 

cannot be identified because of their low concentrations, and other cases in which 

chromatographic peak overlap prevents reliable identification of even the more abundant 

components. An example of the summary of a chemical analysis for Jet-A (the results for 

Jet-A-4658) is provided in Table 1. Since this fluid represents a composite of samples of 

Jet-A, additional information is provided for this fluid. In this table, peaks are labeled by 

numbers or letters. Lettered peaks are relatively minor but are included for a specific 

reason, such as to provide a budget for the highly volatile components. The peak profile 

describes how the peak was handled for mass spectral determination. This is typically a 

single (S) point, an average (A) or both. The correlation coefficient is a numerical figure 

of merit describing the match of the analyte peak with a library entry. It is important to 
2

understand that this number is not necessarily the best measure of the “goodness of fit”. 

The confidence indicator, ranging from high (H), moderate (M) to uncertain (U) is a more 

reliable indicator, since it is based on more factors, including chromatographic behavior. 

The area percentages provided are uncalibrated, raw area counts on the total ion 

chromatogram. 

For comparison, the summary analyses for S-8-4734 is provided in Table 2, and for JP-8-

3773 is provided in Table 3. For these fluids we provide a synopsis only, without the 

chromatographic details. We note that occasionally, it is not possible to determine the 

isomerization of a branched hydrocarbon on the basis of the mass spectrum of the 

chromatographic peak. In these cases, we have used the variable “x” to note the 

uncertainty. For example, x-methyl dodecane simply indicates uncertainty in the position 

of the methyl group on the hydrocarbon backbone. 

Table 1: A chemical analysis for Jet-A-4658 performed with gas chromatography – mass 

spectrometry, used for fuel characterization, and for the development of mixture equations of state. 

Peak 

No. 

Retention 

Time, 

min 

Peak 

Profile 

Correlation 

Coefficient 

Confidence Name CAS No. Area 

Percentage 

a 1.726 S 72.9 H n-heptane 142-82-5 0.125 

b 1.878 S 76.9 H methyl cyclohexane 108-87-2 0.198 

c 2.084 S 71.6 H 2-methyl heptane 592-27-8 0.202 

1 2.144 S 29.2 H Toluene 108-88-3 0.320 

d 2.223 S 41.9 H cis-1,3-dimethyl 

cyclohexane 

638-04-0 0.161 

2 2.351 S 44.0 H n-octane 111-65-9 0.386 

e 2.945 S 31.1 H 1,2,4-trimethyl 

cyclohexane 

2234-75-5 0.189 

3 3.036 S 12.4 H 4-methyl octane 2216-34-4 0.318 

4 3.169 S 37.6 H 1,2-dimethyl benzene 95-47-6 0.575 

5 3.527 S 33.9 H n-nonane 111-84-2 1.030 

6 3.921 S NA U ? 0.321 

7 4.066 S & A NA H x-methyl nonane NA 0.597 

8 4.576 S & A 7.97 M1 4-methyl nonane 17301-94-9 0.754 

9 4.655 S 35.8 H 1-ethyl-3-methyl 

benzene 

620-14-4 1.296 

10 4.764 S 10.7 H 2,6-dimethyl octane 2051-30-1 0.749 

11 4.836 A 5.27 U2 1-methyl-3-(2-

methylpropyl) 

cyclopentane 

29053-04-1 0.285 

12 5.012 S 27.8 M2 1-ethyl-4-methyl 

benzene 

622-96-8 0.359 

13 5.049 A 13.7 M2 1-methyl-2-propyl 

cyclohexane 

4291-79-6 0.370 
3

14 5.291 S 26.3 H 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene 95-63-6 1.115 

15 5.325 S 37.7 H n-decane 124-18-5 1.67 

16 5.637 S 36 H 1-methyl-2-propyl 

benzene 

1074-17-5 0.367 

17 5.825 S 36 H 4-methyl decane 2847-72-5 0.657 

18 5.910 S 26.9 H 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene 108-67-8 0.949 

19 6.073 S & A NA M x-methyl decane NA 0.613 

20 6.176 S 5.01 M2 2,3-dimethyl decane 17312-44-6 0.681 

21 6.364 S & A 25.7 M2 1-ethyl-2,2,6-trimethyl 

cyclohexane 

71186-27-1 0.364 

22 6.516 S & A 35.6 H 1-methyl-3-propyl 

benzene 

1074-43-7 0.569 

f 6.662 S & A NA U2 aromatic NA 0.625 

23 6.589 S 20.4 M3 5-methyl decane 13151-35-4 0.795 

24 6.728 S 22.9 H 2-methyl decane 6975-98-0 0.686 

25 6.862 A 23.2 H 3-methyl decane 13151-34-3 0.969 

26 7.110 S NA U Aromatic NA 0.540 

27 7.159 S NA U Aromatic NA 0.599 

28 7.310 S 17.9 M 1-methyl-(4-

methylethyl) benzene 

99-87-6 0.650 

29 7.626 A 22.0 H n-undecane 1120-21-4 2.560 

29 7.971 A NA M x-methyl undecane NA 1.086 

30 8.875 A 22.3 M 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl 

benzene 

933-98-2 1.694 

31 9.948 A 19.6 H n-dodecane 112-40-3 3.336 

32 10.324 S 19.0 H 2,6-dimethyl undecane 17301-23-4 1.257 

33 12.377 S & A 10.8 H n-tridecane 629-50-5 3.998 

33a 12.901 S 24.1` M 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,7-

dimethyl naphthalene 

13065-07-1 0.850 

33b 13.707 S 3.5 M 2,3-dimethyl dodecane 6117-98-2 0.657 

33c 14.138 S 14.5 M 2,6,10-trimethyl 

dodecane 

3891-98-3 0.821 

33d 13.834 S NA M x-methyl tridecane NA 0.919 

33e 13.998 S NA M x-methyl tridecane NA 0.756 

34 14.663 S 29.8 H n-tetradecane 629-59-4 1.905 

35 16.86 S 24.7 H n-pentadecane 629-62-9 1.345 

1 trailing impurity 

2 highly impure composite peak 

3 there is evidence of an aromatic impurity in this peak 

The meaning of the confidence and profile indicators (H, M,U, S, A) are discussed in the 

text. 
4

Table 2: A listing of the major components found in the sample of S-8-4734. The area 

percentages provided are from raw uncorrected areas resulting from the integration of the 

GC-MS total ion chromatogram. When ambiguity exists regarding isomerization, the 

substituent position is indicated as a general variable, x. 

Name CAS No. Area 

 Percentage

Name CAS No. Area 

 Percentage

2-methyl 

heptane 

592-27-8 0.323 n-undecane 1120-21-4 2.420 

3-methyl 

heptane 

589-81-1 0.437 x-methyl 

undecane 

NA 1.590 

1,2,3-

trimethyl 

cyclopentane 

15890-40-1 0.965 3-methyl 

undecane 

1002-43-3 1.15 

2,5-dimethyl 

heptane 

2216-30-0 1.131 5-methyl 

undecane 

1632-70-8 1.696 

4-methyl 

octane 

2216-34-4 2.506 4-methyl 

undecane 

2980-69-0 1.045 

3-methyl 

octane 

2216-33-3 1.323 2-methyl 

undecane 

7045-71-8 1.072 

n-nonane 111-84-2 1.623 2,3-dimethyl 

undecane 

17312-77-5 1.213 

3,5-dimethyl 

octane 

15869-96-9 1.035 n-dodecane 112-40-3 2.595 

2,6-dimethyl 

octane 

2051-30-1 0.756 4-methyl 

dodecane 

6117-97-1 0.929 

4-ethyl 

octane 

15869-86-0 1.032 x-methyl 

dodecane 

NA 0.744 

4-methyl 

nonane 

17301-94-9 1.904 2-methyl 

dodecane 

1560-97-0 1.293 

2-methyl 

nonane 

871-83-0 1.019 x-methyl 

dodecane 

NA 1.281 

3-methyl 

nonane 

5911-04-6 1.385 n-tridecane 629-50-5 1.739 

n-decane 124-18-5 2.050 4-methyl 

tridecane 

26730-12-1 0.836 

2-5-dimethyl 

nonane 

17302-27-1 1.175 6-propyl 

tridecane 

55045-10-8 1.052 

5-ethyl-2-

methyl 

octane 

62016-18-6 1.015 x-methyl 

tridecane 

NA 1.066 

5-methyl 

decane 

13151-35-4 1.315 ntetradecane 629-59-4 1.562 

4-methyl 

decane 

2847-72-5 1.134 x-methyl 

tetradecane 

NA 1.198 

2-methyl 6975-98-0 1.529 5-methyl 25117-32-2 0.720 
5

decane tetradecane 

3-methyl 

decane 

13151-34-3 1.583 npentadecane 629-62-9 1.032 

 x-methyl 

tetradecane 

NA 0.727 

Table 3: A listing of the major components found in the sample of JP-8-3773. The area 

percentages provided are from raw uncorrected areas resulting from the integration of the 

GC-MS total ion chromatogram. When ambiguity exists regarding isomerization, the 

substituent position is indicated as a general variable, x. 

Compound CAS No. Area % Compound CAS No. Area % 

n-heptane 142-82-5 0.125 2,3-dimethyl 

decane 

17312-44-6 0.681 

methyl 

cyclohexane 

108-87-2 0.198 1-ethyl-2,2,6-

trimethyl 

cyclohexane 

71186-27-1 0.364 

2-

methylheptane 

592-27-8 0.202 1-methyl-3-

propyl 

benzene 

1074-43-7 0.569 

toluene 108-88-3 0.320 aromatic 

unknown 

NA 0.625 

cis-1,3-

dimethyl 

cyclohexane 

638-04-0 0.161 5-

methyldecane

13151-35-4 0.795 

n-octane 111-65-9 0.386 2-

methyldecane

6975-98-0 0.686 

1,2,4-

trimethyl 

cyclohexane 

2234-75-5 0.189 3-

methyldecane

13151-34-3 0.969 

4-methyl 

octane 

2216-34-4 0.318 aromatic 

unknown 

NA 0.540 

1,2-dimethyl 

benzene 

95-47-6 0.575 aromatic 

unknown 

NA 0.599 

n-nonane 111-84-2 1.030 1-methyl-(4-

methylethyl) 

benzene 

99-87-6 0.650 

xmethylnonane NA 0.597 n-undecane 1120-21-4 2.560 

4-

methylnonane 

17301-94-9 0.754 x-methyl 

undecane 

NA 1.086 

1-ethyl-3-

methyl 

benzene 

620-14-4 1.296 1-ethyl-2,3-

dimethyl 

benzene 

933-98-2 1.694 
6

2,6-dimethyl 

octane 

2051-30-1 0.749 n-dodecane 112-40-3 3.336 

1-methyl-3-

(2-

methylpropyl) 

cyclopentane 

29053-04-1 0.285 2,6-dimethyl 

undecane 

17301-23-4 1.257 

1-ethyl-4-

methyl 

benzene 

622-96-8 0.359 n-tridecane 629-50-5 3.998 

1-methyl-2-

propyl 

cyclohexane 

4291-79-6 0.370 1,2,3,4-

tetrahydro2,7-dimethyl 

naphthalene 

13065-07-1 0.850 

1,2,4-

trimethyl 

benzene 

95-63-6 1.115 2,3-dimethyl 

dodecane 

6117-98-2 0.657 

n-decane 124-18-5 1.67 2,6,10-

trimethyl 

dodecane 

3891-98-3 0.821 

1-methyl-2-

propyl 

benzene 

1074-17-5 0.367 x-methyl 

tridecane 

NA 0.919 

4-methyl 

decane 

2847-72-5 0.657 x-methyl 

tridecane 

NA 0.756 

1,3,5-

trimethyl 

benzene 

108-67-8 0.949 n-tetradecane 629-59-4 1.905 

x-methyl 

decane 

NA 0.613 npentadecane 629-62-9 1.345 

Thermal Decomposition:

Thermal Decomposition of Jet-A-4658: 

The thermal decomposition of the aviation fuels has been assessed with an ampoule 

testing instrument and approach that has been developed at NIST3, 4. We note that this 

work is meant strictly to support the physical property measurement work, and not to 

delineate reaction mechanisms. The instrument, shown schematically in Figure 1, 

consists of a 304L stainless steel thermal block that is heated to the desired experimental 

temperature (here, between 250 and 450 °C, although our rate constants were measured 

between 375 and 450 °C). The block is supported in an insulated box with carbon rods; 

the temperature is maintained and controlled (by a PID controller) to within 0.1 °C in 

response to a platinum resistance sensor embedded in the thermal block. The ampoule 

cells consist of 6.4 cm lengths of ultrahigh pressure 316L stainless steel tubing (0.64 cm 
7

external diameter, 0.18 cm internal diameter) that are sealed on one end with a TIG 

welded stainless steel plug. Each cell is connected to a high-pressure high-temperature 

PID temperature 

controller

insulation

graphite supports

heaters

temperature probe

stainless steel block 

(one of two)

slots for reactors

ampoule reactor

highpressure 

valve

highpressure 

cell

thermostat

Figure 1: A schematic diagram showing the ampoule thermal decomposition apparatus 

that was developed at NIST to assess the thermal stability of the aviation fuels studied in 

this work. 

valve at the other end with a short length of 0.16 cm diameter 316 stainless steel tubing 

with an internal diameter of 0.02 cm, also TIG welded to the cell. Each cell and valve is 

capable of withstanding a pressure in excess of 105 MPa at the desired temperature. The 

internal volume of each cell is known and remains constant at a given temperature. Fluid 

is added to the individual cell by mass (as determined by an approximate equation of 

state calculation) to give a total pressure of 34 MPa at the final fluid temperature. 

Measurements are done by measuring the integrated area of an emergent 

chromatographic peak suite that results from the decomposition. This is illustrated in 

Figure 2, in which a representative chromatogram of Jet-A is shown along with 

magnified insets of the emergent peak zone. In the “as received” sample, there are no 

peaks in the emergent zone, while after thermal stress, the suite develops and is seen to 

grow into the chromatogram as a function of increasing exposure time and temperature. 

During the course of this work, we performed kinetic studies on two samples that are 

relevant to the development of the surrogate model for JP-8. First, we measured Jet-A4658, which is the composite Jet-A sample5

. Next, in order to facilitate the modeling 

process, we found it necessary to measure propylcyclohexane6

. This became important 

because of the need to represent this class of cycloalkane. Before doing any property 

measurements, we needed to assess the thermal stability. 
8

Figure 2: Representative chromatograms showing the usual kerosene component 

distribution, with the insets showing the very early eluting region. Upon thermal stress, 

one notes the development of emergent decomposition peaks. 

The simplest type of decomposition is a first-order reaction in which a reactant (A) 

thermally decomposes into a product (B), equation 1. The rate law for such a reaction 

can be written in terms of the reactant or the product, equation 2, where [A] is the 

concentration of A, [B] is the concentration of B, k is the reaction rate constant, and t is 

the time. Equation 3 shows the integrated expression in terms of the reactant, where [A]t

is the concentration of reactant at time t and [A]0 is the initial reactant concentration: 

 

A  B, (1) 

−d[A]/dt = d[B]/dt = kt, (2) 

ln[A]t = ln[A]0 − kt. (3) 

Specifically, for a first-order reaction, a plot of ln[A] as a function of t should result in a 

straight line. Additionally, an Arrhenius plot should also yield a straight line. 
9

The half-life, t0.5, of a decomposition reaction is the time required for half of the reactants 

to become products. For a first-order reaction such as the one shown in equation 1, the 

half-life can be calculated directly from the rate constant, equation 4. A related quantity is 

the time it takes for 1% of the reactants to become products, t0.01. For first-order 

reactions, t0.01 also can be calculated directly from the rate constant, equation 5. The t0.5

and t0.01 of thermal decomposition are useful because they give a direct measure of the 

time period over which the concentration of thermal decomposition products will reach 

an unacceptable level. Hence, they are useful when deciding what conditions and 

protocols are to be used for property measurements. These quantities are given by: 

t0.5 = 0.6931/k, (4) 

t0.01 = 0.01005/k. (5) 

In addition to calculating values for t0.5 and t0.01, rate constants determined over a 

temperature range can be used to evaluate the parameters of the Arrhenius equation, 

equation 6, where A is the pre-exponential factor, Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas 

constant, and T is the temperature. The Arrhenius parameters can then be used to predict 

rate constants at temperatures other than those examined experimentally: 

k = A exp(−Ea/RT). (6) 

Samples of Jet-A-4658 were decomposed in the stainless steel ampoule reactors at 375, 

400, 425 and 450 °C. This temperature range was chosen because it allowed for reaction 

times of a convenient length. At 375 °C the reaction is relatively slow, so reaction times 

ranged from 4 to 24 h. At 450 °C the reaction is much faster, so reaction times ranged 

from 10 to 120 min. The unreacted Jet A was clear and nearly colorless. Mild thermal 

stress (i.e., the shortest reaction times at the lower temperatures) caused the liquid to 

become pale yellow. Severe thermal stress (i.e., the longest reaction times at the higher 

temperatures) caused the liquid to become very dark brown, opaque, and viscous. A small 

amount of dark particulate was regularly seen in the more thermally stressed samples. 

Additionally, low-molecular-weight decomposition products caused a pressurized vapor 

phase to develop inside the reactors. For the more severely stressed samples, it was 

common for the entire liquid sample to be expelled under pressure when the reactor valve 

was opened. 

A separate analysis of this vapor phase was desired, and to accomplish this a gas-liquid 

separator designed at NIST for such work was employed7

. This device is shown in 

Figure 3. The gas phase was then analyzed using a gas chromatograph with MS 

detection. Over 30 compounds were identified in the gas phase, with light alkanes being 

the most abundant. Table 4 shows the 10 most abundant compounds, based on total ion 

current in the MS detector. Note that the MS method employed precludes observation of 

methane. The apparent lack of alkene decomposition products is somewhat surprising, 

although it is known that high pressures and long reaction times decrease the yield of 

alkenes from the decomposition of alkanes. The rate of decomposition from alkanes 
10

Figure 3: A schematic diagram of the gas-liquid separator that was used to examine the 

vapor phase of the thermally stressed Jet-A-4658. More details regarding this device can 

be found in ref 5. 

Table 4: A listing of the most abundant compounds found in the vapor phase of 

thermally stressed Jet-A-4658, maintained for 2 hrs. at 450 °C. 

Compound % of Total Ion Current

butane 13.0 

pentane 10.6 

propane 10.4 

2-methylpropane 8.6 

2-methylbutane 8.1 

ethane 6.6 

hexane 6.4 

2-methylpentane 5.9 

methylcyclopentane 3.3 

3-methylpentane 3.2 

are also known to depend on the material used to construct the reactor. 
11

The thermally stressed liquid phase of each sample was analyzed by a gas chromatograph 

equipped with a flame ionization detector. An easily identifiable suite of decomposition 

products had retention times between 2.3 and 2.8 min, Figure 4. The kinetic analysis was 

done based on this suite of peaks. We did not identify all of the individual compounds 

responsible for these peaks, but it is worth noting that pentane and hexane had retention 

times of 2.4 min and 2.5 min under these conditions, which suggests that most of these 

decomposition products had 5-7 carbon atoms. The observed product suite was 

essentially the same at all temperatures, with retention times that were constant to within 

0.01 min. Undoubtedly, there were peaks for decomposition products in the broad 

kerosene “hump” that began around 2.9 min, but use of them for the kinetic analysis was 

impractical because of peak overlap and the lack of baseline resolution. Additionally, we 

did not routinely monitor compounds that were not retained in the liquid phase, including 

vapor-phase products and potential coke deposits. 

As mentioned above, the kinetic analysis was done using the emergent suite of 

decomposition products in the liquid phase with retention times between 2.3 and 2.8 min. 

The rate constant, k, at each temperature was determined from data collected at four 

different reaction times, with 3 to 6 replicate decomposition reactions run at each reaction 

time. The value of k was obtained from a nonlinear least-squares fit of these data to 

equation 3. For example, Figure 4 is a plot of the data and curve-fit for 425 °C. Note that 

data were collected at seven time points, but only the first four data points in Figure 4 

were used to determine k. The reason for excluding the later time points was to limit the 

influence of any secondary decomposition reactions on the kinetics. Even though it is 

unlikely that measurements would intentionally be carried out with instrumental 

residence times in excess of the first four time points, this area of the plot is still useful in 

that it represents the chemical decomposition regime that is possible if an instrument or 

engine enters an upset condition resulting in long residence times. Values for t0.5 and t0.01 

are calculated from k by use of equations 4 and 5. The decomposition rate constants at all 

four temperatures, along with values of t0.5 and t0.01, are presented in Table 5. The 

standard uncertainties given were calculated from the standard deviation of replicate 

measurements and from the standard error in the nonlinear fit. The values of t0.01 show 

that physical property measurements at ≥400 °C would require apparatus residence times 

on the order of 5 min or less. On the other hand, at 375 °C a residence time of about half 

an hour may be acceptable. First order rate constants reported for the decomposition of ntetradecane are k = 1.78  10−5

 s−1 at 400 °C, k = 1.01  10−4 s−1 at 425 °C, and k = 4.64 

10−4

 s−1 at 450 °C. Within our experimental uncertainty, these are the same as the values 

in Table 5 for Jet A. 

An Arrhenius plot of the rate constants is shown in Figure 5. The Arrhenius parameters 

determined from a linear regression of the data are A = 4.1  1012 s−1 and Ea = 220 

kJ·mol−1

. The standard uncertainty in Ea, calculated from the standard error in the slope 

of the regression, is 10 kJ·mol−1. The linearity of the Arrhenius plot (r2

 > 0.9978) over 

the 75 °C temperature range is an important validation that the assumption of first-order 

kinetics is reasonable. Note that the activation energy for the decomposition of Jet A is 

slightly lower than the values reported for pure C10–C14 n-alkanes; for example, for ndodecane Ea is 260 kJ·mol−1

 (with a reported uncertainty of 8 kJ·mol−1). 
12

0

50

100

150

200

0 100 200 300 400 500

Reaction Time / min

Product Suite Area

Figure 4: Plot of the corrected area counts of the decomposition product suite as a 

function of time at 425 °C. Only the data at short reaction times (solid symbols) were 

used to determine the rate constant. The error bars represent the standard deviation for 

replicate decomposition reactions at each time point. 

Table 5: Kinetic data for the thermal decomposition of Jet-A-4658. 

T / °C k / s−1 Uncertainty in k / s−1 t0.5 / h t0.01 / min

375 5.9  10−6

 3.9  10−6 33 28 

400 3.3  10−5

 1.8  10−5 5.8 5.0 

425 1.2  10−4

 0.6  10−4 1.7 1.4 

450 4.4  10−4

 2.3  10−4 0.44 0.38 
13

-13

-11

-9

-7

1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55

1000/T

ln 

k

Figure 5: Arrhenius plot for the decomposition of Jet-A-4658. The Arrhenius parameters 

determined from the fit to the data are A = 4.1  1012 

s

−1

 and Ea = 220 kJ·mol−1. 

Thermal Decomposition of Propylcyclohexane: 

 

As mentioned above, we also found it necessary to incorporate some pure component 

property measurements into the model development. Two fluids were chosen to 

represent cyclic branched alkanes: methylcyclohexane and propylcyclohexane. Because 

adequate thermal stability data could be found for methyl cyclohexane, no additional 

measurements were done on this fluid. Propylcyclohexane required measurements, 

however, since no thermal decomposition data could be found. 

The ampoule reactors were filled with propylcyclohexane by use of a procedure designed 

to achieve an initial pressure of 34.5 MPa (5000 psi) for all of the decomposition 

reactions. This is important because it mimics the high-pressure conditions during some 

physical property measurements, and it helps ensure that differences in observed 

decomposition rates are not due to differences in pressure. It also allows comparability 

with the jet-A-4658 measurements described above. After filling, air in the void space of 

the reactor was removed by one freeze-pump-thaw cycle. The loaded reactors were then 

inserted into the thermostatted stainless steel block and maintained at the reaction 

temperature for a period of time ranging from 10 min to 32 h. After decomposition, the 

reactors were removed from the thermostatted block and immediately cooled in roomtemperature water. The thermally stressed propylcyclohexane was recovered and 

analyzed as described below. After each run, the cells and valves were carefully cleaned 

and dried. Blank experiments, in which the cell was loaded as described above but not 

heated, confirmed the effectiveness of the cleaning protocol. 
14

The products of a 40 min decomposition reaction at 450 °C were identified by GC-MS. 

To accomplish this, a short length of glass capillary tubing was connected to the outlet on 

the reactor valve. The valve on the reactor was opened just enough to allow the 

pressurized mixture of gas and liquid in the reactor to escape slowly. Then the end of the 

capillary was briefly pushed through the inlet septum of the split/splitless injection port 

of the GC-MS, directly introducing the decomposed sample by flowing capillary 

injection. The components of the sample were then separated on a 30 m capillary column 

coated with a 0.25 m film of (5%-phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane. The temperature 

program for the separation started with an initial isothermal separation at 35 °C for 6 min, 

followed by a 20 °C/min ramp to 175 °C. The most abundant decomposition products 

identified in this manner are listed in Table 6. 

Table 6. Summary of the most abundant decomposition products after 40 min at 450 °C. 

Compound % of Total Ion 

Abundance

ethane + propane (not resolved) 2.3 

pentane 0.7 

methylcyclopentane 1.1 

cyclohexane 5.5 

cyclohexene 3.8 

methylcyclohexane 2.1 

methylenecyclohexane 3.4 

1-methylcyclohexene 4.7 

ethylcyclohexane 0.7 

1-methyl-2-propylcyclopentane 6.9 

propylcyclohexene (all isomers) 2.1 

butylcyclohexane 1.1 

1,3-diisopropylcyclohexane 2.8 

In order to determine the kinetics of decomposition, the thermally stressed liquid phase of 

every decomposition reaction was analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with a 

flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Evaporative losses were minimized by transferring 

the liquid phase into a chilled (7 °C) glass vial and immediately diluting it with a known 

amount of n-dodecane. The resulting n-dodecane solution was typically 5% reacted 

propylcyclohexane (mass/mass). The sample was then analyzed by GC-FID using a 30 m 

capillary column coated with a 0.1 m film of (5 %-phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane. The 

temperature program for the chromatographic separation consisted of an initial isothermal 

separation at 80 °C for 4 min, followed by a 30 °C/min gradient to 250 °C, with an 

additional minute at the final temperature. Figure 6 shows the suite of decomposition 

products that was seen in the chromatograms. The decomposition products were 

essentially the same at all temperatures, with retention times that were constant to within 
15

0.01 min. Although we did not attempt to identify the individual peaks, the product suite 

observed by GC-FID is consistent with the product suite identified by GC-MS. These 

routine GC-FID analyses allowed us to track the extent of decomposition for each 

reaction. For example, about 20% of the propylcyclohexane had decomposed after 40 

min at 450 °C, but only about 4% of the propylcyclohexane had decomposed after 32 h at 

375 °C. 

unheated propylcyclohexane

after 40 min at 450 °C

Figure 6: Chromatograms obtained by gas chromatography for unheated 

propylcyclohexane and for decomposed propylcyclohexane. The decomposed sample had 

been maintained at 450 °C for 40 min, which caused about 20 % of the 

propylcyclohexane to decompose. 

The kinetic analysis was done by monitoring the relative decrease in the chromatographic 

signal of propylcyclohexane compared to the chromatographic signals for decomposition 

products. At each temperature data were collected at four or five different reaction times, 

with 3 to 5 replicate decomposition reactions at each reaction time. Following equation 3, 

the value of k at each temperature was obtained from the slope of a linear fit of 

ln(propylcyclohexane peak area %) as a function of t. Figure 7 shows such a plot 

obtained from the data at 450 °C. The linearity of the data justifies the assumption of 

first-order kinetics. The first-order rate constant obtained from the plot is 8.63  10−5

 s−1, 

with a standard uncertainty of 0.18  10−5 s−1. The rate constants measured for all 

temperatures are provided in Table 7. An Arrhenius plot of the rate constants is shown in 

Figure 8. The Arrhenius parameters determined from a linear regression of the data are A 

= 2.56  1016 s−1 and Ea = 283 kJ·mol−1. The standard uncertainty in Ea, calculated from 

the standard error in the slope of the regression, is 6 kJ·mol−1

. The linearity of the 

Arrhenius plot (r2 = 0.9999) over the 75 °C temperature range is an important validation 

that the assumption of first-order kinetics is reasonable. Note that the activation energy 

for the decomposition of propylcyclohexane is slightly higher than the values reported for 

C10–C14 n-alkanes; for example, for n-dodecane Ea is 260 kJ·mol−1

 (with a reported 

uncertainty of 8 kJ·mol−1

)

6

. 
16

-0.25

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0 10 20 30 40 50

time (min)

ln (propylcyclohexane peak area %)

Figure 7: A plot of the ln(propylcyclohexane peak area %) as a function of time at 450 

°C. The first-order rate constant for the decomposition reaction was determined from the 

slope of the linear fit to the data. 

Table 7: Kinetic data for the thermal decomposition of propylcyclohexane. 

T / °C k / s−1 Uncertainty in k / s−1 t0.5 / h t0.01 / min

375 3.66  10−7

 0.12  10−7 526 458 

400 2.67  10−6

 0.09  10−6 72.2 62.8 

425 1.59  10−5

 0.04  10−5 12.1 10.5 

450 8.63  10−5

 0.18  10−5 2.23 1.94 
17

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55

1000/T

ln

k

Figure 8: The Arrhenius plot for the decomposition of propylcyclohexane. The Arrhenius 

parameters determined from the linear fit are A = 2.56  1016 s−1

 and Ea = 283 kJ·mol−1. 

Thermophysical Property Measurements on Methylcyclohexane and Propylcyclohexane:

Compressed Liquid Density Measurements for Methyl- and Propylcyclohexane: 

A schematic of the apparatus used to measure compressed liquid densities over the 

temperature range of 270 K to 470 K and to pressures of 50 MPa is illustrated in Figure 

9.8 The heart of the apparatus is a commercial vibrating tube densimeter, however, 

several physical and procedural improvements have been implemented beyond that of the 

commercial instrument operated in a stand-alone mode. The densimeter is housed in a 

specially designed two-stage thermostat for improved temperature control. The 

uncertainty in the temperature is 0.02 K with short-term stability of 0.005 K. Pressures 

are measured with an oscillating quartz crystal pressure transducer with an uncertainty of 

10 kPa. The densimeter is calibrated with measurements of vacuum, propane and 

toluene, over the temperature and pressure range of the apparatus to achieve an 

uncertainty in density of 1 kg/m3

. 

The apparatus has been designed, and software has been written so that the operation and 

data acquisition are fully automated. Data are taken along isotherms over a 

temperature/pressure matrix programmed by the operator prior to the start of 

measurements. Electronically actuated pneumatic valves, and a programmable syringe 

pump are used to move from one pressure to the next and/or flush fresh sample through 
18

the system. Operation of the densimeter in this manner allows for measurements to be 

made 24 hours a day. 

Compressed liquid densities of methylcyclohexane have been measured along eleven 

isotherms from 270 K to 470 K at pressures from 0.5 MPa to 40 MPa. A total of 140 

points are reported in Table 8 and shown graphically in Figure 10.9

Figure 9. Schematic of the Compressed Liquid Density Apparatus. 

Table 8. Compressed liquid densities of methylcyclohexane 

Temperature 

(K) 

Pressure 

(MPa) 

Density 

(kg/m3) 

Temperature 

(K) 

Pressure 

(MPa) 

Density 

(kg/m3) 

270.00 40.007 814.61 390.00 40.003 731.07

270.00 35.009 811.80 390.00 35.004 726.33

270.00 30.008 808.90 390.00 29.996 721.31
19

270.00 25.004 805.91 390.00 25.009 715.97

270.00 20.008 802.83 390.00 20.007 710.24

270.00 15.006 799.63 390.00 15.001 704.06

270.00 10.005 796.31 390.00 10.003 697.32

270.00 5.007 792.85 390.00 5.011 689.86

270.00 4.004 792.13 390.00 4.003 688.24

270.00 2.998 791.41 390.00 3.004 686.61

270.00 2.005 790.68 390.00 2.008 684.95

270.00 1.003 789.96 390.00 0.999 683.2

270.00 0.502 789.59 390.00 0.502 682.32

290.00 39.998 800.66 410.00 39.999 717.45

290.00 34.996 797.59 410.00 35.003 712.28

290.00 29.996 794.41 410.00 30.002 706.79

290.00 24.995 791.12 410.00 25.002 700.89

290.00 20.007 787.71 410.00 19.997 694.5

290.00 14.995 784.14 410.00 15.004 687.54

290.00 9.999 780.43 410.00 10.006 679.84

290.00 5.004 776.54 410.00 5.002 671.17

290.00 3.994 775.73 410.00 4.003 669.29

290.00 3.007 774.91 410.00 3.000 667.35

290.00 2.000 774.08 410.00 2.003 665.35

290.00 1.003 773.25 410.00 1.000 663.27

290.00 0.497 772.82 410.00 0.507 662.23

310.00 40.034 786.33 430.00 40.017 703.89

310.00 34.999 782.89 430.00 34.998 698.25

310.00 30.014 779.38 430.00 30.000 692.21

310.00 25.007 775.73 430.00 25.005 685.69

310.00 20.006 771.95 430.00 19.999 678.55

310.00 15.009 767.98 430.00 14.997 670.67

310.00 10.007 763.81 430.00 10.006 661.83

310.00 5.016 759.43 430.00 4.999 651.64

310.00 3.997 758.50 430.00 3.997 649.38

310.00 2.999 757.59 430.00 3.003 647.06

310.00 2.005 756.66 430.00 2.002 644.62

310.00 1.009 755.72 430.00 0.493 640.64

310.00 0.500 755.22 450.00 39.991 690.35

330.00 40.011 772.18 450.00 34.996 684.22

330.00 35.006 768.48 450.00 29.995 677.59

330.00 30.003 764.63 450.00 24.995 670.36

330.00 25.001 760.61 450.00 20.003 662.4

330.00 20.006 756.40 450.00 15.001 653.46

330.00 15.009 752.00 450.00 10.004 643.22

330.00 10.001 747.31 450.00 4.999 631.1

330.00 5.003 742.35 450.00 4.000 628.37

330.00 4.000 741.29 450.00 3.001 625.51

330.00 3.012 740.25 450.00 1.999 622.5
20

330.00 2.002 739.17 450.00 1.000 619.32

330.00 1.000 738.08 470.00 39.994 676.99

330.00 0.501 737.54 470.00 35.000 670.31

350.00 40.000 758.41 470.00 30.009 663.05

350.00 35.003 754.41 470.00 25.005 655.04

350.00 30.011 750.22 470.00 19.995 646.07

350.00 25.004 745.82 470.00 14.995 635.87

350.00 20.001 741.17 470.00 9.995 623.93

350.00 15.005 736.24 470.00 5.001 609.33

350.00 10.006 730.97 470.00 4.003 605.94

350.00 5.000 725.31 470.00 2.999 602.32

350.00 4.007 724.13 470.00 1.999 598.46

350.00 3.009 722.92 470.00 1.002 594.33

350.00 2.003 721.69 

350.00 1.004 720.45 

350.00 0.500 719.79 

370.00 39.999 744.71 

370.00 34.994 740.36 

370.00 29.997 735.78 

370.00 25.005 730.95 

370.00 19.994 725.79 

370.00 15.007 720.28 

370.00 10.006 714.34 

370.00 5.000 707.86 

370.00 3.995 706.48 

370.00 3.000 705.08 

370.00 2.001 703.65 

370.00 0.994 702.17 

370.00 0.499 701.44 
21

Methylcyclohexane

580

600

620

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

800

820

250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390 410 430 450 470 490

Temperature [K]

Density [kg/m3]

Figure 10. Compressed liquid densities of methylcyclohexane as a function of 

temperature. 

Compressed liquid densities of propylcyclohexane have been measured along eleven 

isotherms from 270 K to 470 K at pressures from 0.5 MPa to 40 MPa. A total of 143 

points are reported in Table 9 and are shown graphically in Figure 11. 

Table 9. Compressed liquid densities of propylcyclohexane. 

Temperature 

(K) 

Pressure 

(MPa) 

Density 

(kg/m3) 

Temperature 

(K) 

Pressure 

(MPa) 

Density 

(kg/m3) 

270.00 39.959 834.41 390.00 39.989 756.91 

270.00 35.005 831.91 390.00 35.002 752.82 

270.00 30.003 829.32 390.00 29.998 748.51 

270.00 25.001 826.66 390.00 25.002 743.97 

270.00 19.995 823.91 390.00 20.002 739.14 

270.00 15.004 821.08 390.00 15.000 734.00 

270.00 10.003 818.11 390.00 10.005 728.48 

270.00 5.009 815.01 390.00 5.003 722.49 

270.00 4.004 814.35 390.00 4.003 721.22 

270.00 2.987 813.68 390.00 3.003 719.93 

270.00 2.001 813.03 390.00 2.009 718.64 

270.00 1.001 812.37 390.00 1.002 717.29 

270.00 0.497 812.02 390.00 0.504 716.61 
22

290.00 40.005 821.46 410.00 39.998 744.41 

290.00 35.005 818.73 410.00 35.005 739.97 

290.00 29.995 815.90 410.00 30.003 735.27 

290.00 25.004 812.98 410.00 25.002 730.28 

290.00 19.998 809.96 410.00 19.998 724.97 

290.00 15.011 806.81 410.00 14.998 719.26 

290.00 10.002 803.50 410.00 10.008 713.07 

290.00 5.002 800.04 410.00 5.008 706.29 

290.00 4.007 799.31 410.00 4.003 704.83 

290.00 3.003 798.58 410.00 2.994 703.34 

290.00 2.013 797.84 410.00 2.005 701.86 

290.00 1.000 797.09 410.00 0.994 700.28 

290.00 0.506 796.73 410.00 0.506 699.52 

310.00 39.979 807.65 430.00 39.996 731.95 

310.00 35.008 804.71 430.00 35.004 727.15 

310.00 29.997 801.64 430.00 30.006 722.05 

310.00 24.999 798.47 430.00 24.999 716.59 

310.00 20.004 795.18 430.00 19.996 710.74 

310.00 14.996 791.73 430.00 15.011 704.40 

310.00 10.004 788.15 430.00 10.005 697.42 

310.00 5.013 784.41 430.00 4.999 689.66 

310.00 3.999 783.61 430.00 3.993 687.98 

310.00 3.004 782.83 430.00 3.002 686.29 

310.00 2.007 782.04 430.00 1.988 684.51 

310.00 0.999 781.23 430.00 0.998 682.73 

310.00 0.505 780.83 430.00 0.516 681.83 

330.00 39.988 794.75 450.00 39.992 719.57 

330.00 35.002 791.53 450.00 35.009 714.38 

330.00 30.000 788.17 450.00 30.007 708.83 

330.00 25.001 784.69 450.00 25.013 702.87 

330.00 20.004 781.06 450.00 19.999 696.38 

330.00 15.009 777.27 450.00 15.008 689.31 

330.00 10.001 773.27 450.00 9.999 681.42 

330.00 5.001 769.08 450.00 4.999 672.53 

330.00 3.994 768.20 450.00 3.995 670.59 

330.00 3.000 767.32 450.00 3.001 668.60 

330.00 2.004 766.43 450.00 1.993 666.53 

330.00 0.999 765.52 450.00 0.999 664.39 

330.00 0.498 765.06 450.00 0.506 663.31 

350.00 40.001 782.15 470.00 40.004 707.37 

350.00 35.003 778.64 470.00 35.004 701.75 

350.00 30.001 774.98 470.00 30.002 695.70 

350.00 25.007 771.17 470.00 25.001 689.15 

350.00 20.005 767.18 470.00 20.004 682.01 

350.00 15.006 762.98 470.00 14.994 674.08 

350.00 10.006 758.54 470.00 10.006 665.17 
23

350.00 4.999 753.83 470.00 5.003 654.87 

350.00 4.003 752.86 470.00 4.003 652.59 

350.00 2.996 751.85 470.00 3.000 650.21 

350.00 1.992 750.83 470.00 2.002 647.76 

350.00 1.000 749.82 470.00 0.991 645.18 

350.00 0.500 749.30 470.00 0.496 643.86 

370.00 39.998 769.44 

370.00 34.998 765.65 

370.00 30.001 761.68 

370.00 25.001 757.53 

370.00 20.007 753.15 

370.00 15.011 748.51 

370.00 10.006 743.56 

370.00 5.003 738.27 

370.00 4.003 737.16 

370.00 3.002 736.02 

370.00 2.005 734.87 

370.00 1.006 733.71 

370.00 0.496 733.11 
24

Propylcyclohexane

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

800

820

840

250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390 410 430 450 470 490

Temperature [K]

Density [kg/m3]

Figure 11. Compressed liquid densities of propylcyclohexane as a function of 

temperature. 

Viscosity Measurements of Methyl- and Propylcyclohexane: 

Viscosity measurements of methyl- and propylcyclohexane were carried out at ambient 

pressure in the temperature range 293.15 K to 373.15 K. These measurements are 

presented in Table 10. The instrument used was a commercial device consisting of an 

automated open gravitational flow viscometer with a suspended-level Ubbelohde glass 

capillary of 200 mm length with upper reservoir bulbs for a kinematic viscosity range 

from 0.3 mm2

·s-1 to 30 mm2·s-1. As shown in the photograph of Figure 12, the glass 

capillary is mounted in a thermostatting bath filled with silicone oil. The thermostat 

includes a stirrer, a heat pipe to a thermoelectric Peltier cooler at the top of the instrument 

(not visible), and a platinum 100 Ω resistance temperature probe (PRT). The bath 

temperature is set with the operating software that is an integral part of the viscosity 

measurement system and it is controlled within 0.02 K between 293.15 K and 373.15 K. 

The resistance of the PRT is measured with an ac bridge. The calibration of the PRT on 

the International Temperature Scale of 1990 was checked by comparison with a water 

triple point cell. The estimated uncertainty of the temperature measurement system is 

0.02 K. 
25

Figure 12: A photograph of the viscometer used for the measurement of methyl- and 

propylcyclohexane. 

The instrument allows viscosity measurements relative to liquids with well known 

viscosities. Calibrations were performed with certified viscosity standards to determine 

the constants C and E of the working equation: 

 = C·t - E / t

2

. (7) 

The first term on the right hand side of this equation is the reformulated Hagen-Poiseuille 

expression for laminar flow in a circular tube whereas the second term is the Hagenbach 

correction for kinetic energy losses. Symbol  denotes the kinematic viscosity in mm2

·s-1

and t the efflux time in seconds of a known volume of liquid through the capillary. Efflux 

times are measured with three thermistor sensors on the outside of the capillary above 

and below the two measuring bulbs. The thermistors detect the passing of the liquid 

meniscus at their locations and trigger an internal stopwatch. Depending on the viscosity 

range the two upper or the two lower thermistors are used to time the efflux of the test 

liquid through the respective measuring bulb of known volume. 
26

The viscosity measurement system includes components to pump the test liquid into the 

upper measuring bulbs for repetitive efflux timings and to flush the capillary tube with 

two different solvents when the test liquid is changed. The operating software was set to 

perform five measurement runs at the most of which the three that agreed within 0.5% 

repeatability were averaged to calculate the viscosity. The uncertainty of the viscosity 

measurements reported here is estimated at 1.5 % to account for variations in the 

constants C and E that occurred for calibrations with different viscosity standards and to a 

lesser degree for calibrations at different temperatures. 

The ambient pressure during the measurements was 83 kPa. Due to this, methyl cyclohexane could not be measured at 373.15 K because it evaporated at that temperature. 

The design of the instrument, its calibration, and operation conform to the following standards: 

- ASTM D 445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and 

Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), 

- ASTM D 446 Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass 

Capillary Kinematic Viscometers, 

- D 2162 Test Method for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity 

Oil Standards, 

and the corresponding ISO standards 3104 and 3105. 
27

Table 10: Kinematic viscosity of methyl- and propylcyclohexane measured in the open 

gravitational capillary viscometer system. 

Methylcyclohexane Propylcyclohexane 

Temperature 

T

Kinematic 

viscosity 



Temperature

T

Kinematic 

viscosity 



K mm2·s-1 K mm2·s-1

363.15 

353.16 

343.15 

333.15 

323.15 

313.15 

303.21 

293.23 

0.4707 

0.5113 

0.5568 

0.6107 

0.6736 

0.7488 

0.8387 

0.9480 

303.15 

293.15 

313.15 

373.15 

363.15 

353.15 

343.15 

333.15 

323.15 

1.112 

1.277 

0.9830 

0.5500 

0.5966 

0.6499 

0.7140 

0.7877 

0.8759 
28

Sound Speed Measurements of Methyl- and Propylcyclohexane: 

A commercial density and sound speed analyzer was used to determine the sound speed 

of methyl- and propylcyclohexane at ambient pressure.9

 Temperature scans were 

programmed from 70 °C to 10 °C in decrements of 10 °C followed by a single 

measurement at 5 °C. The device contains a sound speed cell and a vibrating quartz tube 

densimeter in series. Temperature is measured with an integrated Pt-100 thermometer 

with an estimated uncertainty of 0.01 K. The sound speed cell has a circular cylindrical 

cavity of 8 mm diameter and 5 mm thickness that is sandwiched between the transmitter 

and receiver. The speed of sound is determined by measuring the time of flight of signals 

between the transmitter and receiver. The instrument was calibrated with air and 

deionized water at 20 °C. The reproducibility of the sound speed of water at 20 °C to 

within 0.01 % was checked before and after measurements of the test liquids. Careful 

cleaning of the sound speed cell with suitable solvents was found critical to avoid 

contaminations and to ensure this level of performance. For the same reason, fresh 

samples of test liquids were injected for each temperature scan instead of performing 

repetitive measurements on the same sample. At least four temperature scans were 

performed for each test liquid. The relative standard deviation of these repeated sound 

speed measurements was lower than 0.013 %. The manufacturer quoted uncertainty of 

sound speed measurements with this instrument is 0.1 %. The speeds of sound measured 

in this work (along with the density) are provided in Table 11, and shown graphically in 

Figure 13. 

Table 11: Density, speed of sound, and adiabatic compressibility of methyl- and 

propylcyclohexane measured in the commercial density and sound speed 

analyzer. The ambient pressure during the measurements was 83 kPa. 

Methylcyclohexane Propylcyclohexane

Temperature T

Density 



Speed 

of 

sound 

w

Adiab. 

compre

ssibility 

s

Density



Speed 

of 

sound 

w

Adiab. 

compressibility s

K kg·m-3 m·s-1 TPa-1 kg·m-3 m·s-1 TPa-1

278.15 

283.15 

293.15 

303.15 

313.15 

323.15 

333.15 

343.15 

782.3 

778.0 

769.3 

760.7 

751.9 

743.1 

734.3 

725.3 

1304.7 

1281.9 

1236.9 

1192.9 

1149.7 

1107.4 

1065.6 

1024.5 

750.94 

782.27 

849.67 

923.93 

1006.1 

1097.4 

1199.3 

1313.6 

805.4 

801.5 

793.7 

785.9 

778.1 

770.2 

762.3 

754.4 

1371.3 

1349.6 

1307.1 

1265.5 

1224.7 

1184.7 

1145.4 

1106.9 

660.26 

685.01 

737.38 

794.47 

856.81 

925.02 

999.94 

1081.9 
29

Figure 13: Measured speed of sound data for methyl- and propylcyclohexane 

Adiabatic compressibilities at ambient pressure were obtained from the measured 

densities and speeds of sound via the thermodynamic relation κs = -(∂V/∂p)s/V = 1 / (ρw

2

), 

where V denotes volume, p is pressure,  is the density, and w the speed of sound. 

Subscript s indicates “at constant entropy s.” For convenience, the calculated adiabatic 

compressibilities are included in Table 11. 

The speed of sound and adiabatic compressibility data of the two liquids at ambient 

pressure are plotted in Figure 14 as a function of temperature. Comparing the plots 

illustrates how changing the molecular structure of methylcyclohexane by adding an 

ethyl-group -CH2-CH2- to the aliphatic side chain to form propylcyclohexane influences 

the macroscopic properties of the two compounds. The speed of sound increases between 

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Methylcyclohexane

Propylcyclohexane

T / K

w / m·s-1
30

5.1 % at 273.15 K and 8.1 % at 343.15 K whereas the adiabatic compressibility increases 

between 13.8 % and 21.4 %. The densities of the test liquids at these two state points 

differ only by 3 % and 4 %, respectively. Thus, the adiabatic compressibility appears to 

reflect structural changes on the molecular scale with higher resolution than the other two 

properties. 

Figure 14: Measured adiabatic compressibility of methyl- and propylcyclohexane as a 

function of temperature at ambient pressure 

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

Methylcyclohexane

Propylcyclohexane

T / K

s / TPa-1
31

Thermal Conductivity of Methyl- and Propylcyclohexane: 

Transient hot-wire measurements of the thermal conductivity of the samples of 

methylcyclohexane and propylcyclohexane were made in the liquid and vapor phases; up 

to 600 K for propylcyclohexane. In addition, a supercritical isotherm at 593 K was 

measured for methylcyclohexane. Measurements for both fluids cover temperatures from 

300 to 600 K with pressures up to 70 MPa. The transient hot-wire instrument has been 

described in detail elsewhere.10, 11 The measurement cell is designed to closely 

approximate transient heating from a line source into an infinite fluid medium. The ideal 

(line source) temperature rise Tid is given by: 

lnln ,

10

1

w

0

2 id = T + T

r C

4a + (t) 4

q T = i

=i





  





























  (8) 

where q is the power applied per unit length,  is the thermal conductivity of the fluid, t is 

the elapsed time, a = /Cp is the thermal diffusivity of the fluid,  is the density of the 

fluid, Cp is the isobaric specific heat capacity of the fluid, r0 is the radius of the hot wire, 

C = 1.781... is the exponential of Euler's constant, Tw is the measured temperature rise of 

the wire, and Ti are corrections to account for deviations from ideal line-source conduction. 

The only significant correction for the measurements is for the finite wire dimensions. A 

plot of ideal temperature rise versus logarithm of elapsed time should be linear, such that 

thermal conductivity can be found from the slope and thermal diffusivity can be found 

from the intercept of a line fit to the data. 

At time zero, a fixed voltage is applied to heat the small diameter wire that is immersed 

in the fluid of interest. The wire is used as an electrical heat source while its resistance 

increase allows determination of the transient temperature rise as a function of elapsed 

time. Two platinum wires of 12.7 m diameter were used for most of the measurements. 

The two wires, one about 18 cm long and one about 4 cm long, were used with a 

differential technique to eliminate axial conduction errors. A similar cell with anodized 

tantalum hot wires of 25 m diameter was used for some measurements on liquid 

methylcyclohexane at temperatures from 300 K to 400 K. Short experiment times 

(nominally 1 s) and small temperature rises (nominally 1 to 4 K) were selected to 

eliminate heat transfer by free convection. Experiments at several different heating 

powers (and temperature rises) provide verification that free convection is not significant. 

Heat transfer due to thermal radiation is more difficult to detect and correct when the 

fluid can absorb and re-emit infrared radiation as these hydrocarbons do. Thermal 

radiation heat transfer will increase roughly in proportion to the absolute temperature 

cubed and can be characterized from an increase in the apparent thermal conductivity as 

experiment time increases since radiation emission from the fluid increases as the thermal 

wave diffuses outward. 

At very low pressures, the steady-state hot-wire technique has the advantage of not requiring 

significant corrections. The working equation for the steady-state mode is based on a 
32

different solution of Fourier's law but the geometry is still that of concentric cylinders. This 

equation can be solved for the thermal conductivity of the fluid, , 

where q is the applied power per unit length, r2 is the internal radius of the outer cylinder, r1

is the external radius of the inner cylinder (hot wire), and T = (T1 - T2) is the measured 

temperature difference between the hot wire and its surrounding cavity. 

 

A total of 1389 points are reported in Appendix I (the lengths of these tables preclude 

inclusion within the body of the report) for the thermal conductivity of 

methylcyclohexane in the liquid, vapor and supercritical regions at pressures to 60 MPa. 

These data for methylcyclohexane are shown in Figure 15. A total of 668 points are 

reported in appendix I for the thermal conductivity of propylcyclohexane in the liquid 

and vapor regions at pressures to 60 MPa. Note that within the appendix, the thermal 

conductivity tables are divided into vapor and liquid, and by wire material. These data 

for propylcyclohexane are shown in Figure 16. Each experiment is characterized by the 

initial cell temperature T0 and the mean experiment temperature Te. There are generally 5 

experiments at each initial cell temperature to verify that convection was not significant, 

since convection depends strongly on the temperature rise (T = Te - T0). The conditions 

of the fluid during each measurement are given by the experimental temperature Te, 

pressure Pe, and density e. The thermal conductivity without correction for thermal 

radiation is given by e.. 

The thermal conductivity data for these fluids have an uncertainty of less than 1 % for 

measurements removed from the critical point and for gas at pressures above 1 MPa, 

increasing to 3 % at the highest temperatures (near 600 K) and for gas at low pressures 

(<1 MPa) at a 95 % confidence level. A significant critical enhancement is observed in 

the thermal conductivity data near the critical point. There is likely a residual contribution 

due to emission of thermal radiation by the fluid that increases in proportion to 

temperature cubed up to 2 % to 3 % near 600 K. 

,

ln

(2 T - T )

r

r

 q

 = 

21

1

2









 





 (9) 
33

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

 / kg.

m-3

 e / W.

m-1K-1 

Figure 15: Thermal conductivity of methylcyclohexane at temperatures from 300 K to 

595 K and pressures up to 60 MPa: , transient (Pt); , transient (Ta); , steady state 

(Pt); solid line given by the correlation developed in this work. 
34

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

 / kg.

m-3

 e / W .

m-1

K-1

Figure 16: Thermal conductivity of propylcyclohexane at temperatures from 300 K to 

600 K and pressures up to 60 MPa: , transient (Pt); , steady state (Pt); solid line given 

by the correlation developed in this work. 

Thermophysical Property Measurements on Jet-A, JP-8 and S-8:

Distillation Curves of Jet-A, JP-8 and S-8: 

A new advanced method for the measurement of distillation curves of complex fluids has 

recently been introduced. The modifications to the classical measurement provide for (1) 

temperature and volume measurements of low uncertainty, (2) temperature control based 

upon fluid behavior, and most important, (3) a composition-explicit data channel in 

addition to the usual temperature-volume relationship12-14. This latter modification is 

achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as 

quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. Any composition dependent property 

can be enhanced by combining it with the distillation curve information. For example, 

and especially relevant to fuels, we have shown that it is possible to obtain heat of 

combustion data for each distillate fraction15. In the advanced method, the temperature is 

logged in two locations. First, the temperature is measured directly in the fluid, which 

provides a true thermodynamic state point and true initial boiling temperature. This 

temperature is referred to as Tk. Second, the temperature is also measured in the 

distillation head, referred to at Th. This temperature is directly comparable to historical 
35

data. We have applied this method to a wide variety of fuels and complex fluids16-31. A 

schematic diagram of the advanced apparatus is provided in Figures 17 - 19. 

Figure 17: Schematic diagram of the overall apparatus used for the measurement of 

distillation curves. 
36

Figure 18: Schematic diagram of the receiver adapter to provide on-the-fly sampling of 

distillate cuts for subsequent analysis. 
37

Figure 19: Schematic diagram of the level-stabilized receiver for distillation curve 

measurement. 
38

During the initial heating of each sample in the distillation instrument, the behavior of the 

fluid was observed. Direct observation through the flask window or through the 

illuminated bore scope allowed measurement of the onset of boiling for each of the 

mixtures. Typically, during the early stages of a measurement the first bubbles will 

appear intermittently, and this action will quell if the stirrer is stopped momentarily. 

Sustained vapor bubbling is then observed. In the context of the advanced distillation 

curve measurement, sustained bubbling is also somewhat intermittent, but it is observable 

even when the stirrer is momentarily stopped. Finally, the temperature at which vapor is 

first observed to rise into the distillation head is observed. This is termed the vapor rise 

temperature. These observations are important because they are the initial boiling 

temperatures (IBT) of each fluid. The initial behaviors of three samples of Jet-A and the 

synthetic S-8 are provided in Table 12. These temperatures have been corrected to 1 atm. 

with the modified Sydney Young equation.32

Table 12: A summary of the initial behavior of the three individual samples of Jet-A, and 

the sample of S-8. In keeping with our advanced distillation curve protocol, the onset 

temperature is the temperature at which the first bubbles are observed. The sustained 

bubbling temperature is that at which the bubbling persists. The vapor rise temperature is 

that at which vapor is observed to rise into the distillation head, considered to be the 

initial boiling temperature of the fluid (highlighted in bold print). The temperatures 

have been adjusted to 1 atm with the modified Sydney Young equation; uncertainties are 

discussed in the text. 

Observed 

Temperature 

Jet-A-3602, 

°C, 82.82 kPa 

Jet-A-3638, 

°C, 82.11 kPa

Jet-A-4658, 

°C, 83.63 kPa 

S-8, 

°C, 83.27 kPa 

onset 150.9 148.4 139.9 163.0 

sustained 183.6 176.9 185.6 168.6 

vapor rising 191.0 184.2 190.5 181.9 

Representative distillation curve data for the three samples of Jet-A, presented in both Tk

and Th, are provided in Table 13. In this table, the estimated uncertainty (with a coverage 

factor k=2) in the temperatures is 0.1 °C. Note that the experimental uncertainty of Tk is 

somewhat lower than that of Th, but as a conservative position, we use the higher value 

for both temperatures. The uncertainty in the volume measurement that is used to obtain 

the distillate volume fraction is 0.05 mL in each case. The same data are provided 

graphically in Figure 20. 
39

Table 13: Representative distillation curve data for the three individual samples of Jet-A 

and the sample of S-8 measured in this work. The temperatures have been adjusted to 1 

atm. with the modified Sydney Young equation; uncertainties are discussed in the text. 

These data are plotted in Figure 20. 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

%

Jet-A-3602 

82.82 kPa 

Jet-A-3638 

82.11 kPa 

Jet-A-4658 

83.63 kPa 

S-8 

83.27 kPa 

Tk, °C Th, °C Tk, °C Th, °C Tk, °C Th, °C Tk, °C Th, °C 

5 194.8 179.3 186.8 179.9 195.4 174.7 183.6 169.2 

10 197.7 186.7 188.7 184.2 198.5 183.3 185.0 173.9 

15 200.7 189.9 191.1 187.0 201.5 187.0 187.7 179.1 

20 203.5 194.7 192.9 185.8 204.7 189.1 190.2 173.6 

25 206.4 196.9 194.9 189.5 208.1 190.6 193.0 175.5 

30 209.7 198.7 196.6 191.6 211.3 192.8 196.2 181.9 

35 212.1 199.2 198.5 193.9 214.3 194.6 199.5 187.7 

40 214.8 201.5 200.3 196.0 217.6 199.1 202.9 192.0 

45 217.3 204.5 202.1 197.9 220.7 202.6 207.1 196.2 

50 220.1 206.4 204.0 199.8 224.2 205.4 211.0 200.3 

55 222.5 208.8 205.9 202.4 227.6 208.6 215.3 205.2 

60 225.1 213.6 208.0 204.0 231.2 212.4 219.6 209.3 

65 227.9 213.7 210.5 205.1 234.7 214.9 224.2 213.6 

70 230.7 218.4 213.6 207.6 239.4 216.6 229.4 219.1 

75 233.9 223.2 216.2 210.6 243.3 218.7 235.2 224.3 

80 237.9 226.4 219.4 210.2 247.9 220.8 240.1 231.4 

85 242.7 225.6 222.9 215.3 253.6 224.1 246.8 236.8 
40

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Volume Fraction, %

Temperature (oC)

3638

3602

4658

S-8

Figure 20: Representative distillation curves for each of the three samples of Jet-A and 

the sample of S-8 that have been measured as part of this work. The temperatures have 

been adjusted to 1 atm with the modified Sydney Young equation; uncertainties are 

discussed in the text. 

The shapes of all of the curves are of the subtle sigmoid or growth curve type that one 

would expect for a highly complex fluid with many components, distributed over a large 

range of relative molecular mass. There is no indication of the presence of azeotropic 

constituents, since there is an absence of multiple inflections and curve flattening. As an 

example of typical repeatability of these curves, we show in Figure 21 six curves 

measured for Jet-A-4658. We note that in the latter stages of the distillations, the 

repeatability suffers slightly. 
41

185

195

205

215

225

235

245

255

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Volume Fraction, %

Temperature, Tk, °C

Figure 21: Plot showing the repeatability of the distillation curve measurement. Here, six 

measurements of the curve for Jet-A-4658 are provided. The uncertainty bars of the 

individual temperatures are of the same size as the plotting symbols. 

The plotted curves are particularly instructive since the difference presented by Jet-A3838 with respect to Jet-A-3602 and Jet-A-4658 is clearly shown. It is also clear from 

the curves that the differences are not merely in the early parts of the curves, but rather 

the difference persists throughout the curve and is in fact magnified at higher distillate 

volume fraction values. This behavior is indicative of fluids that differ in overall 

composition or chemical family throughout the entire composition range of the fluid. 

This is in contrast to differences that result from one fluid merely having somewhat more 

volatile constituents that boil off in the early stages of the distillation curve measurement, 

and is often caused by the presence of a different distribution of components within a 

chemical family. Indeed, this observation was found to be consistent with a gas 

chromatographic analysis of the three fuel samples (the procedure for which was 

described in the experimental section), since Jet-A-3602 and Jet-A-4658 appear to 

contain much higher concentrations of heavier components. This can be shown by 

examining the total area of chromatographic peaks that elute subsequent to the emergence 

of n-tetradecane, for each sample. For Jet-A-3638, this comprises 2.47 % of the total 

peak areas, while for Jet-A-3602 and Jet-A-4658, this comprises 12.07 and 17.57 %, 

respectively. Note that these peak areas are the raw, uncalibrated values, and are used 

only for comparison among the three fluids. 
42

The rather consistent difference in the distillation curves of Jet-A-3638 and the other two 

Jet-A fluids is not seen when one examines the behavior of S-8. With this fluid, the 

curve rises much more sharply than do the Jet-A curves. This is typically observed when 

a fluid has somewhat more volatile constituents that boil off in the early stages of the 

distillation curve measurement. While the fluid initially begins to vaporize at a relatively 

lower temperature (especially when compared to Jet-A-3602 and Jet-A-4658), by a 

distillate volume fraction of 45 %, the curve of this fluid is approaching those of Jet-A3602 and Jet-A-4658. By a distillate volume fraction of 60 %, the curve of S-8 and those 

of Jet-A-3602 and Jet-A-4658 have essentially merged. Note that this is consistent with 

the onset behaviors and chromatographic analyses presented in the discussion of the 

initial temperatures. 

The relationship between Tk and Th is presented in Figure 22, in which both temperatures 

are presented for the data shown in Table 13. We note that Tk always leads Th. This 

behavior is consistent with a complex mixture with a continually changing composition. 

Note that when these two temperatures converge, it is evidence of either a single 

component being generated (by vaporization) in the kettle, or the presence of an 

azeotrope that controls the composition of both phases. The absence of such a 

convergence can be interpreted as further evidence of the absence of azeotropic behavior. 

It is clear that an examination of the initial temperatures and the detailed structures of the 

distillation curves (presented in Tk and Th) can serve as method to evaluate the loose 

specifications that can sometimes characterize gas turbine fuels. 

For comparison, the distillation curve was measured for JP-8-3773, a sample of which 

was obtained directly from the flight line at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. The 

distillation curve was measured for six aliquots of this fluid. The initial temperatures for 

this fluid are provided in Table 14, while representative distillation curve measurements 

presented in Tk and Th are provided in Table 15. A graphical depiction of the distillation 

curve is provided in Figure 23. Since this fluid has all the additives typically present in 

JP-8 relative to Jet-A, the very minor differences between JP-8 and Jet-A reflected in 

these distillation curves may be indicative of these additives. Additional work would be 

needed to confirm this, especially considering the wide specifications allowable for Jet-A 

and JP-8. 
43

Figure 22: The relationship of Tk and Th for the three Jet-A fluids measured in this work. 

The uncertainty is discussed in the text. 
44

Table 14: A summary of the initial behavior of JP-8-3773, obtained directly from the 

flight line of Wright Patterson Air Force Base. In keeping with our advanced distillation 

curve protocol, the onset temperature is the temperature at which the first bubbles are 

observed. The sustained bubbling temperature is that at which the bubbling persists. The 

vapor rise temperature is that at which vapor is observed to rise into the distillation head, 

considered to be the initial boiling temperature of the fluid (highlighted in bold print). 

These temperatures have been corrected to 1 atm. with the Sidney Young equation. The 

uncertainties are discussed in the text. 

 

Observed 

Temperature 

JP-8-3773, 

°C, 83.86 

kPa 

onset 132.4 

sustained 179.9 

vapor rising 182.8 

Table 15: Distillation curve data of JP-8-3773, obtained directly from the flight line of 

Wright Patterson Air Force Base. The temperatures have been adjusted to 1 atm with the 

modified Sydney Young equation; uncertainties are discussed in the text. 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

%

JP-8-3773 

83.86 kPa

Tk, 

°C 

Th, 

°C 

5 185.6 174.7 

10 187.9 179.2 

15 190.3 182.2 

20 192.7 184.8 

25 195.1 186.7 

30 197.6 185.1 

35 200.4 188.7 

40 203.3 194.1 

45 206.1 196.2 

50 209.3 199.9 

55 213.5 201.2 

60 216.4 203.8 

65 220.6 209.4 

70 224.8 212.1 

75 229.4 215.8 

80 234.6 219.3 

85 240.3 225.5 
45

180.0

190.0

200.0

210.0

220.0

230.0

240.0

250.0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Distillate Volume Fraction, %

Tk, 

o

C

JP-8-3773 (flight line)

Figure 23: Distillation curve of JP-8-3773, obtained directly from the flight line of 

Wright Patterson Air Force Base. The temperatures have been adjusted to 1 atm with the 

modified Sydney Young equation; uncertainties are discussed in the text. 

While the gross examination of the distillation curves is instructive and valuable for 

many design purposes, the composition channel of the advanced approach can provide 

even greater understanding and information content. One can sample and examine the 

individual fractions as they emerge from the condenser, as discussed in the introduction. 

Following the analytical procedure described, samples were collected and prepared for 

analysis. Chemical analyses of each fraction were done by gas chromatography with 

flame ionization detection and mass spectrometric detection. Representative 

chromatograms (measured by flame ionization detection) for each fraction of Jet-A-4658 

are shown in Figure 24. The time axis is from 0 to 12 minutes for each chromatogram, 

and the abundance axis is presented in arbitrary units of area counts. It is clear that 

although there are many peaks on each chromatogram (30 – 40 major peaks, and 60 – 80 

minor and trace peaks), these chromatograms are much simpler than those of the neat 

fluids, which can contain 300 - 400 peaks. At the very start of each chromatogram is the 

solvent front, which does not interfere with the sample. One can follow the progression 

of the chromatograms in Figure 24 as the distillate fraction becomes richer in the heavier 

components. This figure illustrates just one chemical analysis strategy that can be 
46

applied to the distillate fractions. It is possible to use any analytical technique that is 

applicable to solvent born liquid samples that might be desirable for a given application. 

Figure 24: Chromatograms of distillate fractions of a typical Jet-A sample, in this case 

Jet-A-4658, presented in arbitrary units of intensity (from a flame ionization detector) 

plotted against time. One can see the solvent peaks very early in the chromatograms. 

The details of the chromatography are discussed in the text. 
47

The distillate fractions of the three Jet-A samples and the S-8 sample were examined for 

hydrocarbon types by use of a mass spectrometric classification method summarized in 

ASTM Method D-278933. In this method, one uses mass spectrometry (or gas 

chromatography – mass spectrometry) to characterize hydrocarbon samples into six 

types. The six types or families are paraffins, monocycloparaffins, dicycloparaffins, 

alkylbenzenes (or aromatics), indanes and tetralins (grouped as one classification), and 

naphthalenes. Although the method is specified only for application to low olefinic 

gasolines, and is subject to numerous interferences and uncertainties, it is of practical 

relevance to many complex fluid analyses, and is often applied to gas turbine fuels, 

rocket propellants and missile fuels. For the hydrocarbon type analysis of the distillate 

fraction samples, 1 μL injections were made into the GC-MS. Because of this consistent 

injection volume, no corrections were needed for sample volume. 

The results of these hydrocarbon type analyses for the Jet-A and S-8 samples are 

presented in Tables 16a to 16e, and plotted in Figure 25. The first line in each of the 

tables reports the results of the analysis as applied to the entire sample (called the 

composite) rather than to distillate fractions. The data listed in this line are actually an 

average of two separate determinations; one done with a neat sample of the fuel (that is, 

with no added solvent) and the other with the sample in n-hexane. The volume of the 

neat sample was 0.2 μL, and only these mass spectra were corrected for sample volume. 

All of the distillate fractions presented in the table were measured in the same way as the 

composite (m/z range from 15 to 550 relative molecular mass units gathered in scanning 

mode, each spectrum corrected by subtracting trace air and water peaks). 

In general, the hydrocarbon type fractions for the composite (the first row in each table) 

are consistent with the compositions obtained for the distillate fractions (the remaining 

rows of each table). Thus, taking the S-8 fluid as an example, the paraffin fraction for the 

composite sample was found to be 80.0 percent, while that of the distillate fractions 

ranged from 79.1 to 87.8. We have noted, however, that with the composite samples 

(which naturally produce a much more complex total ion chromatogram), one obtains 

many more non-integral m/z peaks on the mass spectrum. Thus, for a distillate fraction, 

one might obtain a peak at m/z = 43.0, while for the composite one might obtain m/z = 

43.0, 43.15, etc., despite the resolution of the instrument being only 1 unit of mass. Our 

practice has been to round the fractional masses to the nearest integral mass, a practice 

that can sometimes cause bias. This is an unavoidable vagary of the instrument that can 

potentially be remedied with a higher resolution mass spectrometer. We maintain that the 

comparability among the distillate fractions is not affected by this characteristic, although 

the intercomparability between the distillate fractions and the composite should be 

approached with a bit more caution. 
48

Table 16: Summary of the results of hydrocarbon family calculations based on the 

method of ASTM D-2789. The first three tables are for the individual lots of Jet-A, while 

the last is for the synthetic S-8. 

Table 16a: Jet-A-3602: 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

% 

Paraffins 

Vol % 

Monocycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Dicycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Alkylaromatics 

Vol % 

Indanes 

and 

Tetralins 

Vol % 

Naphthalenes 

Vol % 

composite 36.0 26.9 4.5 20.6 6.9 1.7 

0.025 25.5 30.3 6.1 34.7 2.9 0.4 

10 27.5 27.0 7.4 33.2 4.3 0.7 

20 27.5 26.7 10.4 28.4 5.9 1.0 

30 28.2 26.6 10.8 27.0 6.3 1.1 

35 30.0 26.4 9.6 26.4 6.5 1.2 

40 29.1 26.6 11.6 24.3 7.0 1.4 

45 30.1 26.9 11.0 23.4 7.2 1.5 

50 32.9 26.6 8.8 22.8 7.4 1.5 

60 28.9 26.8 13.3 19.9 9.0 2.1 

70 31.0 28.3 12.4 17.1 9.1 2.2 

80 31.5 29.0 12.8 14.0 10.0 2.8 

Residue 34.3 32.5 13.9 6.8 7.9 4.5 

Table 16b: Jet-A-3638: 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

% 

Paraffins 

Vol % 

Monocycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Dicycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Alkylaromatics 

Vol % 

Indanes 

and 

Tetralins 

Vol % 

Naphthalenes 

Vol % 

composite 49.6 24.9 7.4 12.5 2.9 2.8 

0.025 36.9 30.0 6.2 24.6 1.3 1.0 

10 42.6 26.1 4.2 25.0 0.9 1.3 

20 45.4 25.0 4.1 23.3 0.8 1.4 

30 42.2 26.6 6.7 21.0 1.7 1.9 

35 42.9 26.4 7.1 19.1 1.8 2.6 

40 41.0 26.7 8.4 19.5 2.2 2.2 

45 40.9 27.0 9.0 18.5 2.4 2.3 

50 42.0 27.0 8.7 17.6 2.3 2.5 

60 42.5 27.3 9.0 15.8 2.5 2.9 

70 44.8 27.4 8.1 13.7 2.5 3.5 

80 44.6 27.6 9.5 11.1 2.9 4.3 

Residue 43.2 27.7 12.0 3.9 3.1 10.1 
49

Table 16c: Jet-A-4658: 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

% 

Paraffins 

Vol % 

Monocycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Dicycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Alkylaromatics 

Vol % 

Indanes 

and 

Tetralins 

Vol % 

Naphthalenes 

Vol % 

composite 46.5 22.5 5.4 18.4 4.5 2.4 

0.025 40.4 27.3 3.4 27.3 1.2 0.5 

10 39.8 25.1 4.5 27.2 2.6 0.8 

20 41.2 24.6 4.4 25.6 3.1 1.1 

30 40.9 25.2 5.8 22.1 4.3 1.6 

35 43.2 24.5 4.3 21.9 4.2 1.8 

40 43.3 25.3 4.8 20.0 4.6 2.0 

45 41.7 25.9 6.4 18.7 5.0 2.3 

50 42.9 25.8 5.6 18.1 5.1 2.4 

60 43.1 26.4 6.7 15.0 5.9 2.9 

70 43.8 27.1 7.4 11.8 6.3 3.6 

80 48.7 29.9 7.0 6.3 4.6 3.3 

Residue 49.7 31.9 7.0 3.4 3.4 4.5 

Table 16d: S-8: 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

% 

Paraffins 

Vol % 

Monocycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Dicycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Alkylaromatics 

Vol % 

Indanes 

and 

Tetralins 

Vol % 

Naphthalenes 

Vol % 

composite 80.0 17.3 0.9 0.1 0 1.9 

0.025 79.1 18.4 0.1 1.8 0.0 0.6 

10 81.2 16.4 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.5 

20 81.0 18.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 

30 80.8 17.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 

35 82.0 16.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 

40 85.8 13.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 

45 87.8 11.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 

50 85.3 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 

60 85.1 13.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 

70 85.1 13.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 

80 83.6 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 

Residue 84.8 14.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 

 
50

Table 16e: JP-8 3773: 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

% 

Paraffins 

Vol % 

Monocycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Dicycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Alkylaromatics 

Vol % 

Indanes 

and 

Tetralins 

Vol % 

Naphthalenes 

Vol % 

 

0.025 40.8 30.3 11.4 16.8 0.5 0.3

10 49.0 27.0 2.3 20.7 0.7 0.3

20 45.9 28.1 4.7 18.0 1.9 1.3

30 47.4 27.4 3.6 19.2 1.5 1.0

35 48.6 26.8 3.1 19.4 1.3 0.7

40 52.1 24.8 2.1 18.8 1.2 0.9

45 57.6 21.8 1.0 18.4 0.2 1.0

50 56.1 23.5 1.6 17.0 0.8 1.1

60 57.2 23.5 1.7 14.9 1.0 1.8

70 61.4 22.2 1.0 11.0 1.7 2.6

80 56.3 26.6 2.5 8.0 2.5 4.0

Residue 56.0 30.9 4.0 1.2 0.5 7.3
51

Figure 25: A plot of the hydrocarbon types resulting from the ASTM D-2789 analysis 

performed on Jet-A-3602, Jet-A-3638, Jet-A-4658 and S-8. The left side of the figure 

presents the aliphatic constituents, while the right side presents the cyclic constituents. 

The uncertainties are discussed in the text. 
52

Figure 26: A plot of the hydrocarbon types resulting from the ASTM D-2789 analysis 

performed on JP-8-3773. The left side of the figure presents the aliphatic constituents, 

while the right side presents the cyclic constituents. The uncertainties are discussed in 

the text. 

The distribution of hydrocarbon type as a function of distillate fraction is particularly 

instructive among the different Jet-A samples and with reference to Jet-A as compared to 

the synthetic S-8. We note from the data of Table 16a – 16d that Jet-A-3638 and Jet-A4658 have very similar hydrocarbon family distributions. Moreover, the paraffin 

fractions of these fluids are significantly higher than those of Jet-A-3602. We also note 

that for Jet-A-3638 and Jet-A-4658, the alkylaromatic content is relatively close, while 

for the Jet-A-3602 it is much higher. This behavior is in striking contrast to the behavior 

apparent on the distillation curves, in which the curves of Jet-A-3602 and Jet-A-4658 

appeared to be very similar, and the curve for Jet-A-3638 was at a lower temperature. 

This observation illustrates the importance of the composition channel of our distillation 

curve approach. Note also that this does not represent an inconsistency, since it is clear 

that differing distributions of hydrocarbon types can give rise to different volatilities. 

Despite having very similar volatility characteristics, Jet-A-3602 and Jet-A-4658 are very 

different chemically, a fact that would not be noted without the composition channel. 

As a function of distillate volume fraction, one can see from Figure 25 that in general for 

the Jet-A fluids, the paraffin, monocycloparaffin and dicycloparaffin content remains 

essentially constant or increases very slightly. The alkylaromatic content decreases 

markedly, while the concentrations of the indanes and tetralins, and the naphthalenics 

compounds increase. 

When one compares the Jet-A fluids with the synthetic S-8, the difference is very 

significant. Table 16d clearly shows that S-8 has a much higher paraffinic content than 

any of the Jet-A fluids. Moreover, the alkylaromatic content is very small. Indeed, the 

only aromatic constituents could be found in the very early emerging distillate fractions. 
53

These two facts are consistent with the composition of the synthetic feed stock of this 

fluid, namely natural gas. One also notes the clear similarity of the Jet-A fluids with the 

JP-8, shown in Figure 26. These fluids differ only in the additive package, and this is not 

reflected in the volatility behavior. 

Distillation Curve Measurements on Mixtures of Jet-A and S-8: 

As part of the property measurement program for aviation fuels, we prepared mixtures of 

Jet-A-4658 with S-8, and made distillation curve measurements to examine how the 

properties would change.18, 29 Mixtures were prepared volumetrically in mixing cylinders 

at ambient temperature and pressure. Mixtures of 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25 (vol/vol) of 

Jet-A with S-8 were prepared and measured. Typically, between four and six distillation 

curves were measured for each mixture with the same apparatus and approach as has 

been described in detail earlier. In Table 17, we present the initial boiling behaviors for 

these mixtures and in Table 18 we present the distillation curve data. The distillation 

curves are presented graphically in Figure 27. 

Table 17: A summary of the initial behavior of the three mixtures (prepared on a volume 

basis) of Jet-A + S-8, along with the initial behaviors of the starting fluids. The 

temperatures have been adjusted to 1 atm with the modified Sydney Young equation; 

uncertainties are discussed in the text. 

 

Observed 

Temperature,

°C 

S-8 

83.27 kPa 

75/25 S-8 

+ Jet-A 

83.67 kPa 

50/50 S-8 

+ Jet-A 

82.38 kPa 

25/75 S-8 + 

Jet-A 

83.51 kPa 

Jet-A 4658 

83.63 kPa 

Onset 163.0 160.9 154.9 161.8 139.9 

Sustained 168.6 182.3 178.6 178.9 185.6 

Vapor Rising 181.9 184.8 186.6 189.1 190.5 

These data are presented graphically in Figure 27. 

As with the as-delivered aviation fuels discussed earlier, the composition explicit data 

channel provided a chemical analysis of selected distillate cuts. The hydrocarbon type 

breakdown resulting from the ASTM D-2789 type analysis is presented in Table 19a-d 

and Figure 28. 
54

Table 18: Representative distillation curve data for the three mixtures (prepared on a 

volume basis) of S-8 + Jet-A-4658 measured in this work. For reference, the data for the 

individual components, S-8 and Jet-A-4658, are also provided. These data are plotted in 

Figure 27. The temperatures have been adjusted to 1 atm with the modified Sydney 

Young equation; uncertainties are discussed in the text. 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

%

S-8 

83.27 kPa

75/25 S-8 + 

Jet-A 

83.67 kPa

50/50 S-8 + 

Jet-A 

82.38 kPa

25/75 S-8 + 

Jet-A 

83.51 kPa

Jet-A 4658 

83.63 kPa

 Tk, °C Th, 

°C 

Tk, 

°C 

Th, 

°C 

Tk, 

°C 

Th, 

°C 

Tk, 

°C 

Th, 

°C 

Tk, 

°C 

Th, 

°C 

5 183.6 169.2 187.8 176.2 190.2 171.0 193.3 174.7 195.4 174.7

10 185.0 173.9 190.4 180.8 192.8 177.6 196.4 183.2 198.5 183.3

15 187.7 179.1 193.4 184.2 196.4 183.6 199.9 189.3 201.5 187.0

20 190.2 173.6 196.3 182.6 199.9 188.9 202.9 192.5 204.7 189.1

25 193.0 175.5 199.8 187.5 203.5 184.8 206.6 189.6 208.1 190.6

30 196.2 181.9 202.8 191.1 206.3 192.7 209.6 193.1 211.3 192.8

35 199.5 187.7 206.3 194.5 209.9 193.3 212.7 196.5 214.3 194.6

40 202.9 192.0 209.9 197.5 213.3 193.8 216.4 198.4 217.6 199.1

45 207.1 196.2 213.7 198.1 217.1 196.6 219.7 200.8 220.7 202.6

50 211.0 200.3 218.2 205.8 221.1 201.8 223.6 207.2 224.2 205.4

55 215.3 205.2 222.4 210.4 225.1 206.9 227.5 211.3 227.6 208.6

60 219.6 209.3 226.6 214.6 228.8 208.1 231.0 215.3 231.2 212.4

65 224.2 213.6 231.6 219.4 233.3 213.1 235.0 219.9 234.7 214.9

70 229.4 219.1 236.4 225.8 237.2 220.0 238.9 221.2 239.4 216.6

75 235.2 224.3 241.8 229.2 242.3 221.1 243.7 226.5 243.3 218.7

80 240.1 231.4 247.5 233.9 247.2 225.8 248.8 233.2 247.9 220.8

85 246.8 236.8 255.4 240.7 254.4 231.5 255.7 235.5 253.6 224.1
55

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Distillate Volume Fraction, %

Temperature, Tk, o

C

Jet A-4658

25/75 S-8/Jet-A

50/50 S-8/Jet-A

75/25 S-8/Jet-A

S-8

Figure 27: Representative distillation curves for each of the three mixtures of S-8 + JetA-4658 (prepared on a volume basis) measured in this work. For reference, the curves 

for the individual components, S-8 and Jet-A-4658, are also provided. The temperatures 

have been adjusted to 1 atm with the modified Sydney Young equation; uncertainties are 

discussed in the text. 

Table 19: Summary of the results of hydrocarbon family calculations based on the 

method of ASTM D-2789. 

Table 19a: 75/25 S-8/Jet-A: 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

% 

Paraffins 

Vol % 

Monocycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Dicycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Alkylaromatics 

Vol % 

Indanes 

and 

Tetralins 

Vol % 

Naphthalenes 

Vol % 

composite 75.3 22.0 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.9 

0.025 74.1 22.2 0.2 3.2 0.0 0.3 

10 77.9 19.1 0.1 2.6 0.0 0.3 

20 76.7 19.9 0.1 2.9 0.0 0.4 

30 76.6 20.0 0.1 2.9 0.0 0.5 

35 77.6 19.2 0.1 2.7 0.0 0.4 

40 75.9 20.1 0.3 3.0 0.2 0.6 
56

45 81.5 16.3 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.2 

50 78.1 18.9 0.2 2.3 0.1 0.5 

60 78.9 18.4 0.1 1.7 0.1 0.7 

70 72.3 21.6 1.4 2.3 0.8 1.6 

80 84.1 15.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 

Residue 83.1 16.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 

Table 19b: 50/50 S-8/Jet-A: 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

% 

Paraffins 

Vol % 

Monocycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Dicycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Alkylaromatics 

Vol % 

Indanes 

and 

Tetralins 

Vol % 

Naphthalenes 

Vol % 

composite 56.4 23.5 6.1 8.8 3.0 2.3 

0.025 66.7 22.9 0.4 9.6 0.0 0.3 

10 67.9 23.3 0.5 7.8 0.2 0.4 

20 68.9 22.3 0.5 7.7 0.2 0.4 

30 70.6 20.9 0.3 7.4 0.3 0.5 

35 70.8 20.9 0.4 7.1 0.3 0.4 

40 71.3 20.5 0.4 6.8 0.4 0.6 

45 73.2 19.3 0.3 6.4 0.3 0.5 

50 71.9 20.0 0.4 6.2 0.8 0.8 

60 70.4 21.7 0.6 5.2 1.1 1.0 

70 73.1 20.9 0.4 3.4 1.0 1.2 

80 76.9 19.4 0.1 1.5 0.9 1.2 

Residue 72.3 25.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.2 

Table 19c: 25/75 S-8/Jet-A: 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

% 

Paraffins 

Vol % 

Monocycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Dicycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Alkylaromatics 

Vol % 

Indanes 

and 

Tetralins 

Vol % 

Naphthalenes 

Vol % 

composite 48.1 25.6 8.5 11.3 4.2 2.5 

0.025 56.2 26.5 1.3 15.3 0.4 0.3 

10 56.7 25.1 1.5 15.5 0.7 0.5 

20 60.9 22.3 0.7 15.2 0.5 0.5 

30 56.7 24.6 1.8 14.5 1.6 0.8 

35 58.1 23.9 1.5 14.1 1.6 0.8 

40 57.0 24.9 1.9 13.3 1.9 1.0 

45 59.9 23.6 1.2 12.4 1.8 1.1 

50 60.7 23.4 1.3 11.5 1.9 1.2 

60 65.5 21.5 0.6 8.9 2.1 1.4 

70 62.4 24.9 1.3 6.9 2.6 1.9 

80 59.9 27.1 2.7 4.9 3.0 2.4 

Residue 
57

Table 19d: Jet-A 4658: 

Distillate 

Volume 

Fraction, 

% 

Paraffins 

Vol % 

Monocycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Dicycloparaffins 

Vol % 

Alkylaromatics 

Vol % 

Indanes 

and 

Tetralins 

Vol % 

Naphthalenes 

Vol % 

composite 46.5 22.5 5.4 18.4 4.5 2.4 

0.025 40.4 27.3 3.4 27.3 1.2 0.5 

10 39.8 25.1 4.5 27.2 2.6 0.8 

20 41.2 24.6 4.4 25.6 3.1 1.1 

30 40.9 25.2 5.8 22.1 4.3 1.6 

35 43.2 24.5 4.3 21.9 4.2 1.8 

40 43.3 25.3 4.8 20.0 4.6 2.0 

45 41.7 25.9 6.4 18.7 5.0 2.3 

50 42.9 25.8 5.6 18.1 5.1 2.4 

60 43.1 26.4 6.7 15.0 5.9 2.9 

70 43.8 27.1 7.4 11.8 6.3 3.6 

80 48.7 29.9 7.0 6.3 4.6 3.3 

Residue 49.7 31.9 7.0 3.4 3.4 4.5 
58

Figure 28: A plot of the hydrocarbon types resulting from the ASTM D-2789 analysis 

performed on three mixtures of Jet-A-4658 and S-8. The left side of the figure presents 

the aliphatic constituents, while the right side presents the cyclic constituents. The 

uncertainties are discussed in the text. 
59

Density Measurements of Compressed Liquid Jet-A, JP-8 and S-8: 

The apparatus described earlier8

 for the compressed liquid density measurements on 

methyl- and propylcyclohexane was used to measure the compressed liquid density for 

Jet-A, JP-8 and S-8.34 these measurements were made over the temperature range of 270 

K to 470 K and pressures to 50 MPa. We present these measurements in Tables 20 – 24, 

and Figures 29 - 33, which follow. Tables list compressed liquid densities of Jet-A-3602, 

Jet-A-3638 and Jet-A-4658, JP-8-3773 and S-8, respectively. The density measurements 

have an estimated uncertainty of 1.0 kg/m3

 which includes the uncertainty in temperature 

0.03 K and pressure 0.01 MPa. 

Table 20: Compressed liquid densities of Jet-A-3602 

Temperature 

[K] 

Pressure 

[MPa] 

Density 

[kg/m3

] 

Temperature 

[K] 

Pressure 

[MPa] 

Density 

[kg/m3] 

270.00 30.770 850.67 350.00 4.478 779.05 

270.00 25.606 848.05 350.00 3.281 777.97 

270.00 20.663 845.45 350.00 2.206 776.98 

270.00 15.925 842.88 350.00 1.095 775.96 

270.00 11.308 840.33 350.00 0.555 775.45 

270.00 6.061 837.34 370.00 31.929 787.77 

270.00 4.923 836.67 370.00 25.704 783.1 

270.00 3.742 835.97 370.00 20.960 779.32 

270.00 2.518 835.23 370.00 16.114 775.28 

270.00 1.319 834.5 370.00 11.021 770.78 

290.00 31.570 838.62 370.00 5.488 765.55 

290.00 25.590 835.32 370.00 4.354 764.42 

290.00 20.646 832.51 370.00 3.228 763.26 

290.00 15.967 829.77 370.00 2.162 762.17 

290.00 11.244 826.91 370.00 1.090 761.05 

290.00 5.974 823.62 370.00 0.589 760.53 

290.00 4.779 822.84 390.00 31.808 775.21 

290.00 3.597 822.07 390.00 25.736 770.24 

290.00 2.423 821.3 390.00 21.012 766.14 

310.00 31.934 826.25 390.00 16.082 761.61 

310.00 25.572 822.48 390.00 10.876 756.53 

310.00 20.758 819.48 390.00 5.410 750.78 

310.00 16.002 816.47 390.00 4.277 749.52 

310.00 11.259 813.25 390.00 3.239 748.33 

310.00 5.758 809.31 390.00 2.163 747.09 

310.00 4.674 808.51 390.00 1.255 746.02 

310.00 3.500 807.64 390.00 0.659 745.28 

310.00 2.304 806.68 410.00 31.747 762.63 

310.00 1.720 806.26 410.00 25.841 757.38 

330.00 31.638 812.73 410.00 21.034 752.82 

330.00 25.593 808.76 410.00 16.035 747.76 
60

330.00 20.805 805.48 410.00 10.778 742.08 

330.00 16.082 802.16 410.00 5.328 735.65 

330.00 11.178 798.57 410.00 4.280 734.33 

330.00 5.765 794.42 410.00 3.214 732.96 

330.00 4.589 793.49 410.00 2.188 731.62 

330.00 3.413 792.51 410.00 1.192 730.3 

330.00 2.261 791.6 430.00 31.659 749.98 

330.00 1.117 790.66 430.00 25.868 744.41 

330.00 0.541 790.17 430.00 21.038 739.44 

330.00 31.638 812.73 430.00 15.970 733.81 

330.00 25.593 808.76 430.00 10.651 727.39 

330.00 20.805 805.48 430.00 5.308 720.29 

330.00 16.082 802.16 430.00 4.261 718.79 

330.00 11.178 798.57 430.00 3.256 717.32 

330.00 5.765 794.42 430.00 2.238 715.8 

330.00 4.589 793.49 430.00 1.268 714.32 

330.00 3.413 792.51 450.00 31.665 737.5 

330.00 2.261 791.6 450.00 25.929 731.48 

330.00 1.117 790.66 450.00 21.027 725.93 

330.00 0.541 790.17 450.00 15.895 719.64 

330.00 31.754 812.44 450.00 10.572 712.47 

330.00 25.641 808.49 450.00 5.322 704.58 

330.00 20.858 805.25 450.00 4.325 702.96 

330.00 16.096 801.93 450.00 3.330 701.3 

330.00 11.218 798.35 450.00 2.348 699.62 

330.00 5.762 794.14 450.00 1.337 697.84 

330.00 4.609 793.21 470.00 31.633 725.24 

330.00 3.479 792.29 470.00 26.007 718.83 

330.00 2.315 791.32 470.00 20.979 712.57 

330.00 1.147 790.36 470.00 15.846 705.6 

330.00 0.599 789.91 470.00 10.523 697.56 

350.00 32.101 800.44 470.00 5.390 688.79 

350.00 25.629 795.91 470.00 4.388 686.91 

350.00 20.879 792.4 470.00 3.404 685.03 

350.00 16.081 788.74 470.00 2.407 683.05 

350.00 11.105 784.74 470.00 1.434 681.07 

350.00 5.598 780.05 

Table 21: Compressed liquid densities of Jet-A-3638 

Temperature 

[K] 

Pressure 

[MPa] 

Density 

[kg/m3

] 

Temperature

[K] 

Pressure 

[MPa] 

Density 

[kg/m3] 

270.00 30.045 827.22 370.00 5.088 740.92 

270.00 25.104 824.61 370.00 4.066 739.86 

270.00 20.148 821.94 370.00 3.048 738.73 
61

270.00 15.155 819.16 370.00 2.027 737.62 

270.00 10.128 816.28 370.00 1.006 736.51 

270.00 5.058 813.27 390.00 30.017 750.57 

270.00 4.043 812.66 390.00 25.082 746.29 

270.00 3.019 812.03 390.00 20.133 741.78 

270.00 1.994 811.40 390.00 15.156 736.95 

270.00 0.971 810.76 390.00 10.141 731.75 

290.00 30.076 814.46 390.00 5.075 726.09 

290.00 25.140 811.64 390.00 4.062 724.89 

290.00 20.184 808.73 390.00 3.047 723.67 

290.00 15.201 805.71 390.00 2.027 722.43 

290.00 10.175 802.55 390.00 1.006 721.17 

290.00 5.109 799.24 410.00 30.020 738.07 

290.00 4.093 798.55 410.00 25.080 733.42 

290.00 3.072 797.86 410.00 20.128 728.48 

290.00 2.050 797.16 410.00 15.147 723.16 

290.00 1.028 796.45 410.00 10.131 717.38 

310.00 30.079 801.81 410.00 5.066 711.01 

310.00 25.134 798.75 410.00 4.050 709.64 

310.00 20.174 795.57 410.00 3.029 708.24 

310.00 15.187 792.26 410.00 2.008 706.81 

310.00 10.159 788.77 410.00 0.985 705.36 

310.00 5.090 785.07 430.00 30.008 725.40 

310.00 4.075 784.30 430.00 25.067 720.35 

310.00 3.053 783.51 430.00 20.112 714.93 

310.00 2.031 782.73 430.00 15.129 709.05 

310.00 1.009 781.93 430.00 10.111 702.59 

330.00 30.043 788.77 430.00 5.049 695.38 

330.00 25.110 785.43 430.00 4.028 693.82 

330.00 20.156 781.94 430.00 3.009 692.23 

330.00 15.172 778.28 430.00 1.984 690.59 

330.00 10.148 774.42 430.00 0.960 688.90 

330.00 5.084 770.34 450.00 29.957 712.75 

330.00 4.069 769.48 450.00 25.019 707.25 

330.00 3.050 768.61 450.00 20.073 701.31 

330.00 2.031 767.74 450.00 15.096 694.80 

330.00 1.010 766.85 450.00 10.079 687.56 

350.00 30.055 775.92 450.00 5.020 679.37 

350.00 25.118 772.28 450.00 4.003 677.59 

350.00 20.163 768.48 450.00 2.985 675.74 

350.00 15.181 764.48 450.00 1.964 673.84 

350.00 10.159 760.23 450.00 0.939 671.87 

350.00 5.092 755.70 470.00 29.936 700.26 
62

350.00 4.073 754.74 470.00 25.002 694.28 

350.00 3.059 753.78 470.00 20.051 687.75 

350.00 2.037 752.80 470.00 15.078 680.53 

350.00 1.017 751.81 470.00 10.062 672.39 

370.00 30.053 763.11 470.00 4.997 662.99 

370.00 25.114 759.16 470.00 3.981 660.92 

370.00 20.159 755.03 470.00 2.957 658.76 

370.00 15.176 750.65 470.00 1.941 656.54 

370.00 10.157 745.98 470.00 0.922 654.23 

Table 22: Compressed liquid densities of Jet-A-4658 

Temperature 

[K] 

Pressure 

[MPa] 

Density 

[kg/m3

] 

Temperature 

[K] 

Pressure 

[MPa] 

Density 

[kg/m3] 

270.00 30.015 837.52 370.00 4.010 751.72 

270.00 25.010 834.93 370.00 3.011 750.70 

270.00 20.002 832.28 370.00 2.006 749.66 

270.00 15.007 829.56 370.00 1.013 748.61 

270.00 10.007 826.76 370.00 0.499 748.06 

270.00 4.999 823.86 390.00 30.008 761.81 

270.00 4.010 823.27 390.00 25.012 757.62 

270.00 2.999 822.67 390.00 20.018 753.21 

270.00 2.005 822.07 390.00 15.007 748.52 

270.00 1.007 821.46 390.00 10.009 743.54 

270.00 0.508 821.16 390.00 5.007 738.18 

290.00 30.001 824.78 390.00 4.008 737.05 

290.00 25.002 822.00 390.00 3.008 735.91 

290.00 19.999 819.11 390.00 2.001 734.74 

290.00 15.002 816.15 390.00 1.009 733.55 

290.00 10.004 813.08 390.00 0.503 732.93 

290.00 5.005 809.92 410.00 30.004 749.32 

290.00 4.005 809.26 410.00 25.012 744.75 

290.00 3.009 808.60 410.00 20.013 739.94 

290.00 2.009 807.94 410.00 15.000 734.79 

290.00 1.010 807.27 410.00 10.009 729.27 

290.00 0.507 806.93 410.00 5.007 723.26 

310.00 30.013 811.77 410.00 4.008 721.99 

310.00 25.011 808.70 410.00 3.008 720.69 

310.00 20.013 805.54 410.00 2.002 719.37 

310.00 15.010 802.27 410.00 1.013 718.05 

310.00 10.009 798.88 410.00 0.516 717.36 

310.00 5.006 795.34 430.00 29.999 736.86 

310.00 3.999 794.61 430.00 25.007 731.93 

310.00 3.006 793.87 430.00 20.009 726.68 

310.00 2.009 793.13 430.00 15.005 721.00 
63

310.00 1.009 792.38 430.00 10.023 714.88 

310.00 0.508 792.00 430.00 5.012 708.11 

330.00 29.999 799.02 430.00 4.017 706.66 

330.00 25.010 795.71 430.00 3.004 705.17 

330.00 20.007 792.28 430.00 2.010 703.68 

330.00 15.012 788.72 430.00 1.012 702.13 

330.00 10.013 784.99 430.00 0.508 701.34 

330.00 5.006 781.09 450.00 29.996 724.54 

330.00 4.015 780.29 450.00 25.003 719.19 

330.00 3.008 779.48 450.00 20.006 713.44 

330.00 2.005 778.65 450.00 15.002 707.18 

330.00 1.014 777.81 450.00 10.002 700.31 

330.00 0.513 777.39 450.00 5.018 692.70 

350.00 29.995 786.59 450.00 4.002 691.02 

350.00 25.009 783.03 450.00 3.010 689.34 

350.00 20.013 779.32 450.00 2.013 687.61 

350.00 15.006 775.43 450.00 1.006 685.81 

350.00 10.005 771.34 450.00 0.508 684.89 

350.00 5.012 767.03 470.00 29.993 712.33 

350.00 4.010 766.12 470.00 25.002 706.52 

350.00 3.005 765.20 470.00 20.012 700.22 

350.00 2.007 764.28 470.00 15.020 693.32 

350.00 1.005 763.34 470.00 10.016 685.63 

350.00 0.504 762.87 470.00 5.005 676.93 

370.00 30.005 774.22 470.00 4.002 675.03 

370.00 25.011 770.35 470.00 3.001 673.07 

370.00 20.009 766.29 470.00 2.008 671.06 

370.00 15.010 762.03 470.00 1.014 668.98 

370.00 10.015 757.53 470.00 0.514 667.89 

370.00 5.007 752.72 

Table 23: Compressed-liquid densities of JP-8-3773 

Temperature 

[K] 

Pressure 

[MPa] 

Density 

[kg/m3

] 

Temperature 

[K] 

Pressure 

[MPa] 

Density 

[kg/m3] 

270.0 39.99 833.2 330.0 5.01 771.1 

270.0 35.00 830.8 330.0 4.00 770.3 

270.0 30.00 828.2 330.0 2.99 769.4 

270.0 24.99 825.6 330.0 1.99 768.6 

270.0 20.00 823.0 330.0 1.00 767.7 

270.0 15.00 820.2 330.0 0.49 767.2 

270.0 10.00 817.4 350.0 40.00 783.9 

270.0 4.99 814.4 350.0 35.00 780.5 

270.0 3.99 813.8 350.0 30.00 777.0 

270.0 3.00 813.2 350.0 25.00 773.3 
64

270.0 1.99 812.6 350.0 19.99 769.5 

270.0 1.01 812.0 350.0 15.00 765.5 

270.0 0.50 811.6 350.0 9.99 761.2 

290.0 39.97 821.0 350.0 5.00 756.7 

290.0 35.00 818.3 350.0 3.99 755.8 

290.0 30.00 815.6 350.0 2.99 754.8 

290.0 24.98 812.7 350.0 2.00 753.9 

290.0 20.00 809.8 350.0 1.01 752.9 

290.0 15.00 806.8 350.0 0.50 752.4 

290.0 9.99 803.7 370.0 40.00 771.8 

290.0 5.00 800.4 370.0 35.00 768.2 

290.0 3.99 799.7 370.0 30.00 764.4 

290.0 3.00 799.0 370.0 24.99 760.4 

290.0 1.99 798.4 370.0 19.99 756.2 

290.0 1.00 797.7 370.0 14.99 751.7 

290.0 0.49 797.3 370.0 10.01 747.0 

310.0 39.99 808.7 370.0 4.99 742.0 

310.0 35.00 805.7 370.0 3.99 740.9 

310.0 29.99 802.7 370.0 2.99 739.9 

310.0 25.00 799.5 370.0 1.99 738.8 

310.0 20.00 796.2 370.0 0.99 737.7 

310.0 14.99 792.8 370.0 0.49 737.1 

310.0 10.00 789.3 390.0 39.99 759.9 

310.0 4.99 785.7 390.0 35.00 755.9 

310.0 4.00 784.9 390.0 29.99 751.8 

310.0 3.00 784.2 390.0 25.00 747.5 

310.0 1.99 783.4 390.0 20.00 742.9 

310.0 1.00 782.6 390.0 14.99 738.0 

310.0 0.50 782.2 390.0 10.00 732.6 

330.0 40.00 796.0 390.0 4.99 727.0 

330.0 35.00 792.9 390.0 4.00 725.8 

330.0 29.99 789.6 390.0 3.00 724.6 

330.0 24.99 786.2 390.0 2.00 723.4 

330.0 19.99 782.7 390.0 1.00 722.1 

330.0 14.98 779.0 390.0 0.49 721.5 

330.0 10.00 775.2 410.0 39.99 747.9 

410.0 35.00 743.7 450.0 34.99 719.2 

410.0 29.98 739.2 450.0 29.99 714.0 

410.0 25.01 734.5 450.0 24.99 708.4 

410.0 20.00 729.5 450.0 19.99 702.3 

410.0 14.99 724.1 450.0 15.00 695.7 

410.0 10.00 718.2 450.0 10.00 688.4 

410.0 4.99 711.9 450.0 5.00 680.3 

410.0 3.99 710.5 450.0 4.00 678.5 

410.0 2.99 709.1 450.0 3.00 676.7 

410.0 1.99 707.7 450.0 1.99 674.8 
65

410.0 0.99 706.3 450.0 0.99 672.9 

410.0 0.49 705.5 450.0 0.49 671.9 

430.0 39.98 736.0 470.0 40.01 712.5 

430.0 34.99 731.4 470.0 34.99 707.2 

430.0 29.99 726.6 470.0 29.99 701.5 

430.0 25.00 721.4 470.0 24.99 695.4 

430.0 19.99 715.9 470.0 20.01 688.7 

430.0 15.00 709.9 470.0 15.00 681.4 

430.0 10.00 703.4 470.0 9.99 673.3 

430.0 5.00 696.2 470.0 4.99 664.0 

430.0 4.00 694.7 470.0 4.00 661.9 

430.0 2.99 693.1 470.0 2.99 659.8 

430.0 2.00 691.5 470.0 1.99 657.6 

430.0 0.99 689.9 470.0 0.99 655.3 

430.0 0.49 689.0 470.0 0.49 654.2 

450.0 40.02 724.2 

Table 24: Compressed-liquid densities of S-8 

Temperature 

[K] 

Pressure 

[MPa] 

Density 

[kg/m3

] 

Temperature 

[K] 

Pressure 

[MPa] 

Density 

[kg/m3] 

270.0 30.09 786.2 330.0 1.01 725.1 

270.0 25.15 783.6 330.0 0.51 724.7 

270.0 20.20 780.9 350.0 30.01 735.5 

270.0 15.21 778.1 350.0 25.01 731.7 

270.0 10.19 775.1 350.0 20.01 727.7 

270.0 5.12 772.1 350.0 15.00 723.5 

270.0 4.10 771.4 350.0 10.01 719.1 

270.0 3.07 770.8 350.0 5.00 714.3 

270.0 2.05 770.1 350.0 4.01 713.4 

270.0 1.02 769.5 350.0 3.01 712.3 

270.0 0.51 769.1 350.0 2.00 711.3 

290.0 30.04 773.6 350.0 1.01 710.3 

290.0 25.10 770.7 350.0 0.50 709.8 

290.0 20.14 767.7 370.0 30.02 723.2 

290.0 15.15 764.6 370.0 25.02 719.0 

290.0 10.13 761.3 370.0 20.01 714.7 

290.0 5.06 757.8 370.0 15.02 710.1 

290.0 4.05 757.1 370.0 10.00 705.1 

290.0 3.02 756.4 370.0 5.01 699.9 

290.0 2.00 755.6 370.0 4.01 698.8 

290.0 0.97 754.9 370.0 3.01 697.6 

290.0 0.46 754.5 370.0 2.00 696.4 

310.0 29.97 760.5 370.0 1.01 695.3 

310.0 25.03 757.3 370.0 0.50 694.7 
66

310.0 20.07 754.0 390.0 30.02 711.0 

310.0 15.09 750.6 390.0 25.00 706.5 

310.0 10.07 747.0 390.0 20.01 701.7 

310.0 5.00 743.1 390.0 15.01 696.6 

310.0 3.98 742.3 390.0 10.00 691.1 

310.0 2.96 741.5 390.0 5.00 685.2 

310.0 1.94 740.7 390.0 4.00 683.9 

310.0 0.92 739.8 390.0 3.00 682.6 

310.0 0.40 739.4 390.0 2.01 681.3 

310.0 2.99 741.4 390.0 1.00 680.0 

310.0 2.01 740.5 390.0 0.50 679.3 

310.0 1.01 739.7 410.0 30.01 698.7 

310.0 0.51 739.3 410.0 25.01 693.8 

330.0 30.00 747.9 410.0 20.01 688.6 

330.0 25.01 744.4 410.0 15.00 683.0 

330.0 20.01 740.8 410.0 10.01 676.9 

330.0 15.01 737.0 410.0 5.00 670.1 

330.0 10.01 733.0 410.0 4.00 668.7 

330.0 5.01 728.7 410.0 3.00 667.2 

330.0 4.01 727.9 410.0 2.01 665.7 

330.0 3.01 727.0 410.0 1.00 664.1 

330.0 2.01 726.1 410.0 0.50 663.3 

430.0 29.99 686.4 450.0 4.00 636.9 

430.0 25.02 681.1 450.0 3.00 634.9 

430.0 20.00 675.3 450.0 2.01 632.9 

430.0 15.00 669.1 450.0 1.01 630.8 

430.0 10.01 662.2 450.0 0.50 629.7 

430.0 5.00 654.6 470.0 30.01 662.2 

430.0 4.01 653.0 470.0 25.01 655.9 

430.0 3.01 651.3 470.0 20.01 649.0 

430.0 2.00 649.5 470.0 15.01 641.3 

430.0 1.01 647.7 470.0 10.01 632.6 

430.0 0.49 646.8 470.0 5.01 622.7 

450.0 30.02 674.3 470.0 4.02 620.5 

450.0 25.01 668.4 470.0 3.01 618.1 

450.0 20.02 662.1 470.0 2.00 615.7 

450.0 15.00 655.2 470.0 1.00 613.2 

450.0 10.00 647.5 470.0 0.50 611.9 

450.0 5.01 638.8 
67

Jet-A-3602

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

800

820

840

860

250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390 410 430 450 470 490

Temperature [K]

Density [kg/m3]

Figure 29: Compressed liquid densities of Jet A-3602. 
68

Jet-A-3638

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

800

820

840

860

250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390 410 430 450 470 490

Temperature [K]

Density [kg/m3]

Figure 30: Compressed liquid densities of Jet A-3638. 
69

Jet-A-4658

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

800

820

840

860

250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390 410 430 450 470 490

Temperature [K]

Density [kg/m3]

Figure 31: Compressed liquid densities of Jet A-3638. 
70

JP-8-3773

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

800

820

840

260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480

Temperature [K]

Density [kg/m3]

Figure 32: Compressed liquid densities of JP-8-3773. 
71

S-8

600

620

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

800

260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480

Temperature [K]

Density [kg/m3]

c

Figure 33: Compressed liquid densities of S-8. 

Viscosity Measurements of Jet-A Fuels at Ambient Pressure: 

The viscosities of two samples of Jet-A (3638 and 4658) was measured with a 

commercial viscodensimeter in the temperature range from 263.15 K to 373.15 K. The 

performance of the instrument hardware and firmware was examined by comparisons 

with certified viscosity standard liquids. The reference viscosities of two appropriate 

calibration liquids were reproduced by the instrument within 0.4 % and 0.8 %, 

respectively. Together, these two viscosity standards span the entire range of measured 

Jet-A fuel samples. The estimated uncertainty of the Jet-A fuel measurements reported 

here is deduced from this comparison. Above a viscosity of 0.94 mPa·s the reported 

uncertainty is 0.4 %; however, below this viscosity threshold the reported uncertainty is 

expanded to 1 % to match the more conservative manufacturer’s estimate. We note that 

the reported uncertainty estimates are not derived from a strict statistical treatment. The 

measured absolute and kinematic viscosities of Jet-A-3638 and Jet-A-4658 are tabulated 

in Tables 25 and 26, respectively. Also included in Tables 25 and 26 are the measured 

densities and the estimated uncertainty value for each measured quantity. In addition to 

the tabulated data, the measured absolute and kinematic viscosities are illustrated in 

Figures 34 - 37.
72

Table 25: Viscosity Measurements for Jet-A-3638. 

Temperature 

K





mPa·s

u[] 

mPa·s





mm2·s-1

u[] 

mm2·s-1





kg·m-3

u[] 

kg·m-3

373.150 0.47418 0.00474 0.64796 0.00648 731.78 0.51

368.150 0.49836 0.00498 0.67746 0.00678 735.64 0.50

363.150 0.52412 0.00524 0.70877 0.00709 739.46 0.50

358.150 0.55200 0.00552 0.74261 0.00743 743.32 0.50

353.150 0.58223 0.00582 0.77927 0.00779 747.14 0.50

348.150 0.61503 0.00615 0.81899 0.00819 750.94 0.50

343.150 0.65078 0.00651 0.86223 0.00862 754.74 0.50

338.150 0.68986 0.00690 0.90944 0.00910 758.54 0.50

333.150 0.73269 0.00733 0.96111 0.00961 762.34 0.50

328.150 0.77984 0.00780 1.0179 0.0102 766.10 0.50

323.150 0.83198 0.00832 1.0807 0.0046 769.90 0.50

318.150 0.88983 0.00890 1.1502 0.0049 773.64 0.50

313.150 0.95426 0.00392 1.2275 0.0052 777.38 0.50

308.150 1.0264 0.0042 1.3140 0.0056 781.14 0.50

303.150 1.1076 0.0046 1.4112 0.0060 784.90 0.50

298.150 1.1995 0.0050 1.5210 0.0065 788.62 0.50

293.150 1.3041 0.0054 1.6458 0.0071 792.36 0.50

288.150 1.4240 0.0059 1.7887 0.0077 796.10 0.50

283.150 1.5624 0.0065 1.9535 0.0084 799.82 0.50

278.150 1.7235 0.0072 2.1449 0.0093 803.56 0.50

273.150 1.9134 0.0081 2.3703 0.0104 807.26 0.50

268.150 2.1393 0.0090 2.6380 0.0116 810.96 0.51

263.150 2.4106 0.0102 2.9590 0.0130 814.68 0.51
73

Table 26: Viscosity Measurements for Jet-A-4658 

Temperature 

K





mPa·s

u[] 

mPa·s





mm2·s-1

u[] 

mm2·s-1





kg·m-3

u[] 

kg·m-3

373.150 0.53287 0.00533 0.71680 0.00717 743.38 0.51 

368.150 0.56121 0.00561 0.75113 0.00751 747.16 0.50 

363.150 0.59165 0.00592 0.78785 0.00788 750.96 0.50 

358.150 0.62466 0.00625 0.82765 0.00828 754.74 0.50 

353.150 0.66055 0.00661 0.87086 0.00871 758.50 0.50 

348.150 0.69968 0.00700 0.91789 0.00919 762.26 0.50 

343.150 0.74245 0.00743 0.96926 0.00970 765.98 0.51 

338.150 0.78941 0.00790 1.0256 0.0103 769.76 0.50 

333.150 0.84115 0.00842 1.0876 0.0109 773.46 0.50 

328.150 0.89844 0.00900 1.1561 0.0116 777.16 0.50 

323.150 0.96220 0.00397 1.2322 0.0053 780.88 0.51 

318.150 1.0335 0.0043 1.3172 0.0056 784.56 0.50 

313.150 1.1136 0.0046 1.4126 0.0061 788.26 0.50 

308.150 1.2041 0.0050 1.5203 0.0065 791.98 0.50 

303.150 1.3070 0.0054 1.6426 0.0071 795.68 0.50 

298.150 1.4249 0.0059 1.7825 0.0077 799.38 0.50 

293.150 1.5608 0.0065 1.9436 0.0084 803.06 0.50 

288.150 1.7188 0.0072 2.1306 0.0092 806.72 0.51 

283.150 1.9043 0.0079 2.3498 0.0101 810.40 0.50 

278.150 2.1239 0.0088 2.6089 0.0112 814.10 0.50 

273.150 2.3878 0.0100 2.9199 0.0127 817.78 0.50 

268.150 2.7078 0.0113 3.2966 0.0143 821.40 0.50 

263.150 3.1011 0.0130 3.7586 0.0163 825.08 0.50 

 
74

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380

 / mPa·s

T / K

Figure 34: Measurements of the absolute viscosity of Jet-A-3638. The uncertainty is 

discussed in the text. 
75

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380

 / mm2·s-1

T / K

Figure 35: Measurements of the kinematic viscosity of Jet-A-3638. The uncertainty is 

discussed in the text. 
76

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380

 / mPa·s

T / K

Figure 36: Measurements of the absolute viscosity of Jet-A-4648. The uncertainty is 

discussed in the text. 
77

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380

 / mm2·s-1

T / K

Figure 37: Measurements of the kinematic viscosity of Jet-A-4648. The uncertainty is 

discussed in the text. 
78

The kinematic viscosity of JP-8-3773 was measured at ambient pressure in the 

temperature range 293.15 K to 373.15 K. These measurements are presented in Table 27. 

The instrument used was a commercial automated open gravitational flow viscometer 

with a suspended-level Ubbelohde glass capillary of 200 mm length with upper reservoir 

bulbs for a kinematic viscosity range from 0.3 mm2

·s-1 to 30 mm2·s-1. This instrument 

was described earlier for the measurements done on methyl- and propylcyclohexane. 

These data are presented graphically in Figure 38. 

Table 27: The kinematic viscosity of JP-8-3773 at an ambient pressure of 83 kPa. 

JP-8 3773 

Temperature 

T

Kinematic 

viscosity 



K mm2·s-1

293.15 

303.15 

313.15 

323.15 

333.15 

343.15 

353.15 

363.15 

373.15 

1.692 

1.442 

1.250 

1.099 

0.9775 

0.8768 

0.7889 

0.7172 

0.6559 
79

Figure 38: Measurements of the kinematic viscosity of JP-8-3773. The uncertainty is 

discussed in the text. 
80

Thermal Conductivity Measurements of the Compressed Liquid Aviation Fuels: 

Transient hot-wire measurements of the thermal conductivity were made on each of the 

three liquid samples of Jet-A-3602, Jet-A-3638, Jet-A-4658, JP-8-3773 and S-8. For each 

sample, measurements were made along 11 isotherms at temperatures from 300 to 500 K 

with pressures up to 70 MPa. The transient hot-wire instrument has been described in 

detail above in the treatment of the measurements on methyl- and propylcyclohexane. 

The tabulated thermal conductivity measurements are extensive and are therefore 

provided in Appendix I. The measurements are depicted graphically in Figures 39 - 43. 

0.080

0.085

0.090

0.095

0.100

0.105

0.110

0.115

0.120

0.125

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00

P / MPa

 / W.

m-1K-1

300 K

320 K

340 K

360 K

380 K

400 K

420 K

440 K

460 K

480 K

500 K

Figure 39: Thermal conductivity of Jet-A-3602 in the liquid phase. 
81

0.080

0.085

0.090

0.095

0.100

0.105

0.110

0.115

0.120

0.125

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00

P / MPa

 / W.

m-1K-1

300 K

320 K

340 K

360 K

380 K

400 K

420 K

440 K

460 K

480 K

500 K

Figure 40: Thermal conductivity of Jet-A-3638 in the liquid phase. 

0.080

0.085

0.090

0.095

0.100

0.105

0.110

0.115

0.120

0.125

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00

P / MPa

 / W.

m-1K-1

300 K

320 K

340 K

360 K

380 K

400 K

420 K

440 K

460 K

480 K

500 K

Figure 41: Thermal conductivity of Jet-A-4658 in the liquid phase. 
82

0.075

0.080

0.085

0.090

0.095

0.100

0.105

0.110

0.115

0.120

0.125

0.130

0.135

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00

P / MPa

 / W.

m-1K-1

300 K

355 K

405 K

452 K

496 K

547 K

Figure 42: Thermal conductivity of JP-8-3773 from 0.1 MPa to 70 MPa. 

0.080

0.090

0.100

0.110

0.120

0.130

0.140

3.30 3.50 3.70 3.90 4.10 4.30 4.50

 / mol.

L-1

 / W.

m-1K-1

300 K

320 K

340 K

360 K

380 K

400 K

420 K

440 K

460 K

480 K

500 K

REFPROP

Figure 43: Thermal conductivity of S-8 at pressures from 0.1 MPa to 70 MPa. 
83

Heat Capacities of Jet Fuels S-8 and JP-8: 

The heat capacities of jet fuels JP-8-3373 and S-8 were measured with a commercial 

differential scanning calorimeter. Samples were contained in high-pressure sample 

containers during the measurements. These high-pressure containers are constructed of 

stainless steel, and are plated with gold on internal surfaces. These containers are 

sealed with a gold disk sandwiched between the upper lid and the lower portion of the 

vessel. The cells are rated for pressures of approximately 15 MPa. The internal 

volumes of these cells are approximately 30 μl. The high-pressure cells were used 

because the heat capacity measurements extended to above the normal boiling point of 

the jet fuels. In practice, measurements can be made at different filled fractions of the 

internal volume of the cells and these values can be extrapolated to complete filling to 

eliminate contributions from the vaporization of the liquid in the cells. The 

vaporization enthalpy was sufficiently negligible throughout the temperature range, 

that the larger fractions-filled measurements could be taken as being free of vapor-space. 

The capsules were filled and sealed within a glove bag that had been swept with dry 

nitrogen gas for at least an hour prior to cell filling. The sealed vessels were weighed 

on a microbalance with resolution of 1 μg. 

Crushed pieces of SRM 720, synthetic sapphire, were used to calibrate the heat flux 

of the calorimeter with the same high-pressure cell that was used for the fluid heat capacity 

measurements. The mass of fluid sealed in the high-pressure cell was always much 

smaller than the mass of the cell. The empty cell parts had a mass of approximately 0.66 

g and the sample masses ranged from 5 mg to 19 mg. 

If vaporization enthalpies are significant, then the observed specific heat capacity of the 

two phase system will decrease with a decrease of vapor space in the sample vessel; or 

equivalently, the observed two phase heat capacity would decrease with increasing filled 

fraction of the sample cell. This behavior was not observed to temperatures of up to 

473 K. In fact slight increases in the observed two phase heat capacity were observed with 

increasing filled fraction of the vessel. 

Using a vapor volume of 5 μl, the ideal gas law, a representative enthalpy of 

vaporization of 50 kJ·mol-1, and a hypothetical increase in pressure of 0.1 MPa over 

50 K, the contribution of the vaporization enthalpy to the observed two-phase heat 

capacity would be 0.0074 J·K-1·g-1, which is less than the run-to-run irreproducibility. 

Observed heat capacities were obtained by equilibrating the calorimeter at 223 K for 10 

min or longer, scanning at 5 K·min-1 to 473 K and equilibrating at 473 K for 10 min. 

The equilibration periods were used to establish a baseline that was subtracted from 

the heat-flux against time thermal curve. Heat flux curves for the empty high-pressure 

cells in the reference and sample sides of the calorimeter were determined and 

averaged. The average heat flux curve for the empty vessel was subtracted from 

baseline-adjusted heat flux curves for the vessel filled with either sapphire or one of the 

jet fuels. 
84

A correction factor for the heat flux was determined as a ratio of the true heat capacity of 

SRM 720 to that obtained from the average of several heat flux curves. This ratio was 

then multiplied by the observed heat capacity for the jet fuels to correct for heat-flux error 

(as in ASTM International Standard Method E968). The calorimeter obtains 

approximately 3000 readings for each thermal scan, not including the equilibration 

periods. With four or five replicates per filling and an average over three fillings, close to 

half a million data points might be processed to obtain a heat capacity curve. These are 

shown for JP-8-3773 and S-8 in figures 44 and 45. In order to reduce this number 

individual data points were collated near nominal temperatures. A single curve was then 

fitted to all these collated readings to obtain the heat capacity of each of the jet fuels. 

The statistics calculated for the fitted curve thus include the variances due to: 1) 

irreproducibility in vessel filling and sealing; 2) calorimetric noise; 3) run-to-run 

variability for the same vessel filling; 4) vessel placement irreproducibilities. The last two 

are the largest contributors to imprecision. 

The least-squares generated equation for the heat capacity at ambient 

pressure of JP-8 is: 

 Cp/Cp° = (2.193 ± 0.0055) + (3.996 ± 0.0011) x 10-3(T/T° – 

363.15) 

The least-squares generated equation for the heat capacity of S-8 at 

ambient pressure is: 

Cp/Cp° = (2.527 ± 0.0118) + (2.804 ± 0.0024) x 10-3(T/T° – 

363.15) 

where T° is 1 K, Cp° is 1 (J·K-1·g-1

), and the difference between the saturation heat 

capacity and the constant pressure heat capacity was assumed to be negligible. The 

uncertainties attached to the parameters are 1 standard deviation. The random factors that 

contribute to those uncertainties of the parameters were stated in a previous paragraph. 
85

Figure 44: Heat capacity at constant pressure of JP-8-3773 as a function of temperature. 

Figure 45: Heat capacity at constant pressure of JP-8-3773 as a function of temperature. 
86

Development of the Thermodynamic and Transport Model: 

The procedure for developing a surrogate mixture can be summarized as follows. First, a 

chemical analysis is performed to identify the composition of the fuel sample. From this 

analysis, a list of candidate fluids is constructed, including compounds representative of 

the various chemical families (branched or linear paraffins, alkenes, aromatics, mono or 

polycyclic paraffins, etc.) found in the sample. For each of these possible pure-fluid 

constituents, an equation of state, a viscosity surface and a thermal conductivity surface 

are developed, and a mixture model is used that incorporates the pure-fluid equations for 

both thermodynamic and transport properties. The fluids in the surrogate mixture and 

their compositions are then chosen by determining the composition that minimizes the 

difference between the predicted and experimental data for the distillation curve, density, 

sound speed, viscosity and thermal conductivity. 

From the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of the Jet-A samples, we 

compiled a list of potential candidate fluids for a surrogate model. These fluids are listed 

in Table 28, along with their normal boiling point and their boiling points at an 

atmospheric pressure of 83 kPa (the typical local pressure of our laboratory, located at 

1655 m above sea level). The list contains fluids used in our earlier work on RP-1, RP-2, 

and S-8, but in addition includes aromatic compounds such as toluene, o-xylene and 

tetralin that were not used in model for either S-8 or RP-1 and RP-2.35, 36 For each monobranched alkane identified in the chemical analysis, a representative species was selected 

as a candidate constituent fluid for the surrogates. In other words, for our purposes, all xmethylnonanes are represented as a single methylnonane. Similarly, we used a particular 

x,y-dimethylnonane to represent the dimethylnonane family. A major factor governing 

the specific choice of compound to represent a moiety was the availability of property 

data: priority was given to compounds for which the most abundant and reliable 

experimental measurements were available. For each possible constituent fluid, we 

searched the open literature as well as databases such as the NIST TDE program, DIPPR, 

and Landolt-Börnstein for experimental physical property data. For some of the fluids, 

the data were sparse and were supplemented with predicted values from the TDE and 

DIPPR Diadem programs37. 

Because our modeling approach requires thermophysical property models for all pure 

constituent fluids, it was necessary to have available equations of state and surfaces for 

the viscosity and thermal conductivity for each of the potential constituent pure fluids. 

Details of this procedure are available in other work, so we provide only a brief summary 

here35, 36, 38, 39. With the available experimental data supplemented with predictions 

obtained from the TDE program, we developed Helmholtz-form equations of state similar 

to the form developed by Span and Wagner that can represent not only the vapor pressure 

and density, but also other properties such as the speed of sound and heat capacity40. For 

viscosity and thermal conductivity, we primarily used an extended corresponding-states 

model, with n-dodecane as a reference fluid. When sufficient data were available, the 

representation of the viscosity or thermal conductivity was improved by fitting the data to 

correction functions for the shape factors. In the absence of experimental data, we used 

the predictive method of Van Velzen for viscosity, and the method of Baroncini for 

thermal conductivity (as implemented in the DIPPR Diadem program). Additionally, we 
87

incorporated earlier work on the thermal conductivity of methyl and propylcyclohexane 

to represent the alkyl cyclohexane family in terms of a scaled form of the thermal 

conductivity correlation developed for propylcyclohexane. 

For calculations of the thermodynamic properties of mixtures, we used the mixture model 

incorporated into the REFPROP41 computer program. This model includes an algorithm 

for estimating binary interaction parameters when data are unavailable for a particular 

fluid pair. The model for calculating the transport properties of a mixture is an extended 

corresponding-states method. In addition, we used an algorithm developed in earlier 

work to compute the distillation curve; this procedure incorporates data from an 

improved advanced distillation curve metrology.35, 36, 38, 39 

The properties measurements discussed earlier formed the basis of the experimental data 

set used to obtain the surrogate models. We then used a multi-property, nonlinear 

regression procedure to minimize the differences between the experimental data and the 

predictions of the model. This is used to determine the components and their relative 

abundances to define the surrogate fluid mixtures for each aviation fuel sample. The 

objective function was the sum of the squared percentage differences between the 

experimental data and the predicted value. The independent variables were the 

compositions of the fluid mixture. Our initial guess included all of the components in 

Table 28. Successive calculations gave very small concentrations of some components. 

These were removed from the mixture and the minimization process was repeated until 

further reductions in the number of components resulted in unacceptably large deviations 

with the experimental data. 

The final compositions of the surrogate mixtures are summarized in Table 29. Each 

surrogate model contains eight components. The surrogate for the composite Jet-A-4658 

contains more of the heavier cycloalkanes than the Jet-A-3638 sample, and also contains 

hexadecane. The Jet-A-3638 sample contains some propylcyclohexane, and more of the 

lighter components. This is not unexpected because the distillation curves indicate that 

the Jet-A-4658 sample contains more of the higher boiling components. 

In Figures 46 to 52, we present comparisons of our surrogate models with experimental 

data. Figure 46 shows the density as a function of temperature at atmospheric pressure 

(83 kPa). The models agree with the data to within their experimental uncertainty (0.1 

%). The density of the two different samples differs from each other by approximately 

1.5 %. Figures 47 and 48 show the deviations in density between the experimental 

measurements as a function of pressure, over the temperature range 270 K to 470 K for 

the Jet-A-3638 and the Jet-A-4658 samples. The experimental uncertainty of these data 

is 0.1 %. The models both show increasing deviations as the pressure increases, but 

remain within 0.5 %. 
88

Table 28. Potential constituent fluids for the surrogate fuel mixtures 

Compound CAS no. Class No. of 

carbon 

atoms 

Boiling 

point at 83 

kPa (K) 

Normal 

boiling 

point (K) 

heptane 142-82-5 linear paraffin 7 364.90 371.53 

toluene 108-88-3 aromatic 7 376.87 383.75 

octane 111-65-9 linear paraffin 8 391.75 398.77 

ortho-xylene 95-47-6 aromatic 8 410.16 417.54 

nonane 111-84-2 linear paraffin 9 416.54 423.81 

propylcyclohexane 

1678-92-8 monocyclic 

paraffin 9 422.13 429.86 

5-methylnonane 15869-85-9 branched paraffin 10 430.7 438.3 

decane 124-18-5 linear paraffin 10 439.6 447.3 

trans-decalin 493-02-7 dicyclic paraffin 10 452.0 460.4 

tetralin 119-64-2 aromatic 10 472.31 480.75 

2-methyldecane 6975-98-0 branched paraffin 11 454.4 462.3 

2,4-

dimethylnonane 

17302-24-8 branched paraffin 11 437.6 445.4 

undecane 1120-21-4 linear paraffin 11 461.1 469.0 

pentylcyclohexane 

4292-92-6 monocyclic 

paraffin 11 468.3 476.7 

1-methyldecalin 2958-75-0 dicyclic paraffin 11 469.6 478.2 

3-methylundecane 1002-43-3 branched paraffin 12 478.1 486.3 

dodecane 112-40-3 linear paraffin 12 481.2 489.4 

hexylcyclohexane 

4292-75-5 monocyclic 

paraffin 12 489.7 498.4 

5-methyldodecane 17453-93-9 branched paraffin 13 494.7 503.2 

tridecane 629-50-5 linear paraffin 13 500.2 508.7 

heptylcyclohexane 

5617-41-4 monocyclic 

paraffin 13 509.2 517.9 

2-methyltridecane 1560-96-9 branched paraffin 14 512.7 521.1 

tetradecane 629-59-4 linear paraffin 14 518.1 526.7 

pentadecane 629-62-9 linear paraffin 15 535.0 543.8 

hexadecane 544-76-3 linear paraffin 16 551.0 560.1 
89

Table 29. Composition of the Surrogate Mixtures 

Fluid Name Jet-A-4658 surrogate 

composition, mole 

fraction 

Jet-A-3638 surrogate 

composition, mole 

fraction 

propylcylcohexane 0.000 0.009 

hexylcyclohexane 0.000 0.275 

heptylcyclohexane 0.255 0.000 

methyldecalin 0.081 0.014 

5-methylnonane 0.148 0.068 

2-methyldecane 0.164 0.347 

n-tetradecane 0.068 0.027 

n-hecadecane 0.030 0.000 

ortho-xylene 0.055 0.120 

tetralin 0.199 0.140 
90

720

740

760

780

800

820

840

250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390

ρ, kg/m3

Temperature, K

Jet A-3638

Jet A-4658

3638 model

4658 model

p=83 kPa

1.5 % 

difference

Figure 46: Plot of density as a function of temperature for the Jet-A samples at 83 kPa. 

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

100*(

ρcalc-ρexp)/

ρexp

Pressure, MPa

270 K

290 K

310 K

330 K

350 K

370 K

390 K

410 K

430 K

450 K

470 K

Figure 47: Deviation plot for density as a function of pressure for sample Jet-A-3638. 
91

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

100*(

ρcalc-ρexp)/

ρexp

Pressure, MPa

270 K

290 K

310 K

330 K

350 K

370 K

390 K

410 K

430 K

450 K

470 K

Figure 48: Deviation plot for density as a function of pressure for sample Jet-A-4658 

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

250 270 290 310 330 350

Sound Speed, m/s

Temperature, K

Jet A-3638

Jet A-4658

3638 model

4658 model

p=83 kPa

Figure 49: Calculated and experimental speed of sound for the Jet-A samples at 83 kPa 
92

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

200 250 300 350 400

Viscosity, uPa.s

Temperature, K

Jet A-3638

Jet A-4658

3638 model

4658 model

p-83 kPa

Figure 50: Plot of calculated and experimental viscosity for the Jet-A samples at 83 kPa. 

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

300 350 400 450 500 550

100*(

kcalc-kexp)/

kexp

Temperature, K

3638 model

4658 model

Figure 51: Deviation plot of calculated and experimental thermal conductivity for the JetA samples at pressures to 40 MPa 
93

440

450

460

470

480

490

500

510

520

530

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Temperature, K

Volume fraction

Jet A-3638

Jet A-4658

3638 Model

4658 Model

p=83 kPa

Figure 52: Distillation curves for the Jet-A samples, measured and calculated from the 

model. 

The experimental values of the speed of sound and those calculated from the surrogate 

models are presented in Figure 49. All measurements were taken at ambient atmospheric 

pressure, and have an estimated uncertainty of 0.1 %. Neither of the models is able to 

represent the data to within their experimental uncertainty and systematically over predict 

the speed of sound; however, all models have deviations within 3.5 %. 

Figure 50 is a plot of the calculated and experimental viscosity at atmospheric pressure as 

a function of temperature. This property is very sensitive to changes in composition, as 

indicated by an approximately 20 % difference in viscosity of the two samples at 270 K. 

The model was tuned so that the viscosity is represented by the model to within 3 %. 

Figure 51 demonstrates the performance of the surrogate models for the thermal 

conductivity. The measurements covered temperatures from approximately 300 K to a 

maximum of 500 K, at pressures up to 40 MPa and were obtained from a transient hotwire apparatus with an estimated uncertainty of 1 %. The present surrogate models 

represent the data to within 4 % over the range of conditions studied 

Our final comparison with experimental data is presented in Figure 52, which shows the 

calculated and experimental advanced distillation curves. The distillation curves of the 

Jet-A-3638 and Jet-A-4658 sample differ significantly; at the end of the distillation they 

differ by 30 o

C. The surrogate models are able to capture the behavior of each sample. 
94

The volatility, as indicated by the advanced distillation curve, and the viscosity are very 

sensitive to changes in composition of the fuels. 

Our surrogate models represent the thermophysical properties of the two samples studied. 

Work is in progress to develop a methodology to represent the Jet-A fuels as a single 

model that will characterize the fuels in terms of compositionally sensitive properties 

such as points on the distillation curve and viscosities. In addition, comparisons with 

existing surrogate models are in progress, and also further development of the equation of 

state models to improve the representation of the properties. 

The composition of the surrogate mixture model for S-8, containing seven components, is 

summarized in Table 30. The computed distillation curve and the experimental data are 

shown in Figure 53. The difference between the calculated and experimental distillation 

temperatures is always within 1 %. The lightest (n-nonane) and heaviest fluids (nhexadecane) are present only in small amounts and determine the initial boiling behavior 

and the tail of the distillation curve. The overall shape of the distillation curve is due 

primarily to only four major components: 2,6-dimethyloctane, 3-methyldecane, ntridecane and n-tetradecane. 

In Figures 54 to 57, we present comparisons of the S-8 surrogate model with 

experimental data. Figure 54 shows deviations of experimental and calculated surrogate 

density for S-8. The measurements cover the temperature range 233 K to 470 K at 

pressures to 30 MPa, and have an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 1.5 % 

Figure 55 shows the deviations of experimental and calculated sound speeds for S-8. All 

of the sound speed measurements were made at local atmospheric pressure. The 

deviations are within 2.5 %, which exceeds the experimental uncertainty but is acceptable 

given the uncertainties in the constituent fluids and the mixture model. 

Figure 56 shows the deviations of experimental and calculated viscosity at atmospheric 

pressure for S-8. The deviations are within about 5 % over the temperature range 

investigated. 

Figure 57 shows the deviations of experimental and calculated thermal conductivity over 

pressures from atmospheric to 70 MPa at temperatures to 500 K. The predictions from 

the surrogate model are within 6 %, with the largest deviations at the lower temperatures. 

 

 
95

Table 30. Composition of surrogate mixture for S-8 

Fluid S-8 surrogate composition, mole 

fraction 

n-nonane 0.03 

2,6-dimethyloctane 0.28 

3-methyldecane 0.34 

n-tridecane 0.13 

n-tetradecane 0.20 

n-pentadecane 0.015 

n-hexadecane 0.005 

440

450

460

470

480

490

500

510

520

530

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Temperature, K

Volume fraction

Experimental data

7 component surrogate, this work

Figure 53. Distillation curve for S-8, showing the experimental and modeled curves. 
96

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

200 250 300 350 400 450 500

100*(ρexp-ρsurrogate)/ρexp

Temperature, K

Deviations in Density for S-8 Surrogate Fuel

series 1, atmospheric pressure

series 2, atmospheric pressure

series 3, pressures to 30 MPa

Figure 54: Deviations of experimental and calculated surrogate density for S-8. 

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

100*(

wexp-wsurrogate)/

wexp

Temperature, K

Deviations in Sound Speed for S-8 Surrogate Fuel

Figure 55: Deviations of experimental and calculated surrogate sound speed for S-8. 
97

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

260 280 300 320 340 360 380

100*(

ηexp-ηsurrogate)/

ηexp

Temperature, K

Deviations in Viscosity for S-8 Surrogate Fuel

Figure 56: Deviations of experimental and calculated viscosity for S-8. 

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

100*(

kexp-ksurrogate)/

kexp)

Temperature, K

Deviations in Thermal Conductivity for S-8 Surrogate Fuel

Figure 57: Deviations of experimental and calculated thermal conductivity for S-8. 
98

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37. Rowley, R. L., Wilding, W.V., Oscarson, J.L., Zundel, N.A., Marshall, T.L., 

Daubert, T.E., Danner, R.P., , DIPPR Data Compilation of Pure Compound Properties, 

Design Institute for Physical Properties AIChE, New York, NY, 2004. In. 

38. Huber, M. L., Lemmon, E., Ott, L.S., Bruno, T.J., Preliminary surrogate mixture 

models for rocket propellants RP-1 and RP-2. Energy & Fuels 2009, 23, 3083-3088. 

39. Huber, M. L., Lemmon, E., Bruno, T.J., Effect of RP-1 compositional variability 

on thermophysical properties. Energy & Fuels 2009, 23, 5550-5555. 

40. Span, R.; Wagner, W., Equations of state for technical applications. I. 

Simultaneously optimized functional forms for nonpolar and polar fluids. International 

Journal of Thermophysics 2003, 24, (1), 1-39. 
101

41. Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M.O., Huber, M.L., REFPROP, Reference fluid 

thermodynamic and transport properties, NIST Standard Reference Database 23. National 

Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 2005: 2005. 
102

Appendix I: Thermal Conductivity Measurements for 

Aviation Fuels 
103

Table A1. Thermal conductivity of Jet-A-3602 in the liquid phase. 

Point ID T0 Te Pe e q

 (K) (K) (MPa) (W·m-1K-1) (W·m-1) 

1001 298.295 296.274 1.984 0.1108 0.4694 

1003 298.672 296.292 1.968 0.1106 0.5496 

1005 299.099 296.325 1.961 0.1106 0.6375 

1007 299.543 296.349 1.948 0.1105 0.7320 

1009 300.022 296.374 1.939 0.1105 0.8329 

1011 301.639 299.624 0.174 0.1099 0.4651 

1013 301.987 299.627 0.174 0.1098 0.5446 

1015 302.367 299.627 0.175 0.1097 0.6317 

1017 302.774 299.622 0.170 0.1098 0.7254 

1019 303.214 299.627 0.163 0.1096 0.8254 

1021 301.619 299.634 4.975 0.1113 0.4651 

1023 301.964 299.636 4.980 0.1112 0.5446 

1025 302.346 299.639 4.984 0.1112 0.6316 

1027 302.750 299.642 4.983 0.1110 0.7252 

1029 303.180 299.640 4.971 0.1111 0.8253 

1031 301.609 299.651 10.178 0.1127 0.4654 

1033 301.951 299.654 10.176 0.1126 0.5450 

1035 302.316 299.651 10.187 0.1125 0.6320 

1037 302.713 299.650 10.197 0.1126 0.7254 

1039 303.138 299.649 10.198 0.1126 0.8253 

1041 301.570 299.672 20.550 0.1153 0.4651 

1043 301.900 299.670 20.553 0.1153 0.5446 

1045 302.265 299.672 20.554 0.1154 0.6317 

1047 302.653 299.670 20.555 0.1154 0.7253 

1049 303.070 299.672 20.549 0.1153 0.8253 

1051 301.529 299.686 30.277 0.1178 0.4651 

1053 301.859 299.689 30.274 0.1178 0.5447 

1055 302.206 299.683 30.275 0.1178 0.6317 

1057 302.590 299.682 30.278 0.1178 0.7253 

1059 303.003 299.685 30.282 0.1178 0.8252 

1061 301.527 299.694 40.263 0.1201 0.4653 

1063 301.842 299.688 40.266 0.1202 0.5448 

1065 302.199 299.693 40.251 0.1203 0.6320 

1067 302.576 299.694 40.236 0.1201 0.7258 

1069 302.972 299.689 40.224 0.1202 0.8259 

2001 321.196 319.226 0.225 0.1072 0.4427 

2003 321.505 319.239 0.249 0.1075 0.5181 

2005 321.891 319.253 0.261 0.1075 0.6009 

2007 322.305 319.266 0.273 0.1074 0.6899 

2009 322.750 319.280 0.290 0.1073 0.7849 

2011 321.338 319.407 5.164 0.1090 0.4424 

2013 321.693 319.425 5.179 0.1091 0.5179 

2015 322.008 319.426 5.194 0.1090 0.6006 

2017 322.419 319.441 5.207 0.1089 0.6895 

2019 322.853 319.454 5.218 0.1089 0.7845 

2021 321.614 319.717 10.194 0.1107 0.4420 

2023 321.952 319.724 10.206 0.1106 0.5174 

2025 322.320 319.731 10.216 0.1105 0.6002 

2027 322.722 319.745 10.222 0.1105 0.6891 

2029 323.143 319.750 10.228 0.1104 0.7840 

2031 321.722 319.865 20.180 0.1137 0.4419 
104

2033 322.056 319.876 20.156 0.1136 0.5177 

2035 322.403 319.872 20.157 0.1135 0.6005 

2037 322.796 319.885 20.158 0.1134 0.6895 

2039 323.204 319.887 20.169 0.1134 0.7844 

2041 321.702 319.958 30.172 0.1163 0.4417 

2043 322.025 319.967 30.161 0.1161 0.5174 

2045 322.366 319.966 30.155 0.1162 0.6002 

2047 322.745 319.978 30.158 0.1160 0.6891 

2049 323.148 319.980 30.154 0.1162 0.7841 

2051 321.861 320.074 40.148 0.1187 0.4418 

2053 322.169 320.078 40.154 0.1188 0.5173 

2055 322.514 320.084 40.161 0.1188 0.6000 

2057 322.883 320.088 40.170 0.1188 0.6889 

2059 323.263 320.086 40.178 0.1187 0.7837 

3001 341.527 339.564 0.293 0.1049 0.4213 

3003 341.762 339.569 0.303 0.1049 0.4932 

3005 342.136 339.581 0.312 0.1049 0.5720 

3007 342.535 339.593 0.320 0.1047 0.6567 

3009 342.953 339.599 0.327 0.1048 0.7472 

3011 341.537 339.694 5.129 0.1067 0.4211 

3013 341.871 339.700 5.135 0.1066 0.4931 

3015 342.231 339.708 5.142 0.1065 0.5719 

3017 342.624 339.717 5.150 0.1064 0.6566 

3019 343.036 339.724 5.154 0.1064 0.7471 

3021 341.610 339.798 10.188 0.1084 0.4210 

3023 341.932 339.803 10.183 0.1083 0.4930 

3025 342.286 339.805 10.173 0.1084 0.5720 

3027 342.669 339.815 10.171 0.1081 0.6569 

3029 343.081 339.822 10.170 0.1082 0.7474 

3031 341.664 339.918 20.026 0.1115 0.4212 

3033 341.980 339.921 20.019 0.1115 0.4934 

3035 342.323 339.928 20.050 0.1115 0.5718 

3037 342.688 339.930 20.056 0.1114 0.6565 

3039 343.084 339.935 20.066 0.1113 0.7469 

3041 341.704 339.991 30.148 0.1143 0.4212 

3043 342.013 339.996 30.153 0.1143 0.4932 

3045 342.347 340.000 30.179 0.1145 0.5717 

3047 342.703 339.998 30.188 0.1144 0.6564 

3049 343.088 340.005 30.194 0.1143 0.7468 

3051 341.750 340.067 40.334 0.1174 0.4209 

3053 342.047 340.068 40.339 0.1174 0.4928 

3055 342.372 340.071 40.336 0.1173 0.5717 

3057 342.724 340.073 40.341 0.1173 0.6564 

3059 343.098 340.080 40.349 0.1172 0.7468 

4001 360.637 358.790 0.166 0.1022 0.4031 

4003 360.911 358.795 0.175 0.1023 0.4719 

4005 361.273 358.804 0.171 0.1021 0.5474 

4007 361.655 358.810 0.167 0.1021 0.6287 

4009 362.064 358.817 0.169 0.1021 0.7154 

4011 360.656 358.894 5.232 0.1042 0.4031 

4013 360.979 358.902 5.238 0.1041 0.4719 

4015 361.327 358.908 5.242 0.1041 0.5474 

4017 361.704 358.912 5.247 0.1040 0.6285 

4019 362.105 358.921 5.251 0.1040 0.7151 

4021 360.745 358.982 10.164 0.1061 0.4030 

4023 361.062 358.988 10.169 0.1060 0.4719 
105

4025 361.405 358.992 10.175 0.1060 0.5474 

4027 361.774 359.000 10.182 0.1059 0.6285 

4029 362.163 359.000 10.190 0.1058 0.7150 

4031 360.798 359.072 20.275 0.1095 0.4029 

4033 361.097 359.074 20.279 0.1095 0.4718 

4035 361.433 359.079 20.278 0.1094 0.5472 

4037 361.789 359.079 20.267 0.1093 0.6285 

4039 362.173 359.087 20.268 0.1093 0.7152 

4041 360.765 359.136 30.385 0.1128 0.4028 

4043 361.111 359.137 30.390 0.1127 0.4718 

4045 361.438 359.143 30.392 0.1126 0.5472 

4047 361.785 359.145 30.380 0.1127 0.6285 

4049 362.149 359.143 30.372 0.1126 0.7152 

4051 360.846 359.196 40.225 0.1158 0.4030 

4053 361.133 359.200 40.223 0.1157 0.4720 

4055 361.443 359.199 40.234 0.1157 0.5473 

4057 361.786 359.205 40.246 0.1156 0.6283 

4059 362.149 359.211 40.250 0.1156 0.7148 

5001 380.967 379.179 0.263 0.0995 0.3856 

5003 381.285 379.183 0.259 0.0996 0.4516 

5005 381.632 379.192 0.257 0.0994 0.5239 

5007 382.008 379.199 0.258 0.0993 0.6015 

5009 382.401 379.203 0.258 0.0994 0.6845 

5011 380.987 379.257 5.121 0.1015 0.3855 

5013 381.303 379.264 5.115 0.1015 0.4516 

5015 381.644 379.268 5.114 0.1015 0.5238 

5017 382.011 379.272 5.116 0.1014 0.6014 

5019 382.397 379.278 5.117 0.1013 0.6842 

5021 381.059 379.335 10.120 0.1035 0.3857 

5023 381.369 379.345 10.123 0.1034 0.4516 

5025 381.697 379.346 10.132 0.1034 0.5237 

5027 382.053 379.348 10.136 0.1033 0.6012 

5029 382.431 379.351 10.143 0.1033 0.6840 

5031 381.064 379.398 20.233 0.1074 0.3857 

5033 381.357 379.402 20.245 0.1073 0.4514 

5035 381.683 379.406 20.250 0.1072 0.5236 

5037 382.022 379.406 20.255 0.1072 0.6011 

5039 382.385 379.405 20.260 0.1072 0.6840 

5041 381.066 379.457 30.226 0.1107 0.3855 

5043 381.351 379.458 30.231 0.1106 0.4514 

5045 381.660 379.459 30.236 0.1106 0.5235 

5047 381.996 379.464 30.236 0.1106 0.6011 

5049 382.353 379.466 30.239 0.1106 0.6840 

5051 381.067 379.512 40.517 0.1140 0.3855 

5053 381.341 379.514 40.520 0.1140 0.4513 

5055 381.646 379.516 40.523 0.1141 0.5235 

5057 381.963 379.513 40.527 0.1140 0.6011 

5059 382.314 379.516 40.511 0.1140 0.6841 

6001 401.768 399.994 0.177 0.0966 0.3696 

6003 402.070 399.990 0.180 0.0965 0.4328 

6005 402.405 399.993 0.182 0.0965 0.5019 

6007 402.761 399.991 0.183 0.0963 0.5763 

6009 403.144 399.993 0.175 0.0964 0.6558 

6011 401.679 400.005 5.188 0.0988 0.3695 

6013 401.979 400.006 5.189 0.0988 0.4327 

6015 402.306 400.008 5.189 0.0988 0.5018 
106

6017 402.656 400.007 5.190 0.0987 0.5762 

6019 403.022 400.004 5.193 0.0987 0.6556 

6021 401.697 400.022 10.130 0.1010 0.3696 

6023 401.986 400.019 10.134 0.1011 0.4327 

6025 402.304 400.017 10.137 0.1010 0.5019 

6027 402.655 400.022 10.139 0.1009 0.5763 

6029 403.013 400.016 10.141 0.1008 0.6556 

6031 401.635 400.041 20.129 0.1050 0.3698 

6033 401.916 400.040 20.139 0.1051 0.4330 

6035 402.219 400.038 20.144 0.1049 0.5021 

6037 402.550 400.036 20.145 0.1048 0.5765 

6039 402.906 400.039 20.149 0.1050 0.6558 

6041 401.612 400.056 30.252 0.1087 0.3697 

6043 401.880 400.053 30.252 0.1087 0.4329 

6045 402.178 400.052 30.255 0.1087 0.5020 

6047 402.500 400.052 30.257 0.1086 0.5764 

6049 402.845 400.056 30.258 0.1085 0.6558 

6051 401.546 400.067 40.273 0.1122 0.3699 

6053 401.823 400.072 40.275 0.1120 0.4331 

6055 402.108 400.067 40.273 0.1122 0.5023 

6057 402.416 400.068 40.276 0.1122 0.5767 

6059 402.751 400.066 40.287 0.1121 0.6560 

7001 421.914 420.177 0.184 0.0938 0.3547 

7003 422.223 420.186 0.188 0.0938 0.4153 

7005 422.558 420.190 0.190 0.0938 0.4817 

7007 422.914 420.191 0.188 0.0938 0.5532 

7009 423.301 420.201 0.188 0.0936 0.6294 

7011 421.903 420.239 5.025 0.0963 0.3546 

7013 422.192 420.238 5.029 0.0964 0.4152 

7015 422.525 420.246 5.031 0.0962 0.4815 

7017 422.866 420.244 5.030 0.0962 0.5529 

7019 423.244 420.251 5.032 0.0961 0.6291 

7021 421.997 420.334 10.039 0.0988 0.3547 

7023 422.291 420.340 10.040 0.0986 0.4153 

7025 422.609 420.341 10.039 0.0985 0.4817 

7027 422.946 420.345 10.039 0.0986 0.5531 

7029 423.299 420.340 10.036 0.0985 0.6293 

7031 422.289 420.384 20.334 0.1029 0.3542 

7033 422.558 420.382 20.336 0.1028 0.4147 

7035 422.860 420.382 20.337 0.1029 0.4810 

7037 423.187 420.387 20.337 0.1030 0.5523 

7039 423.531 420.386 20.331 0.1028 0.6285 

7041 422.000 420.422 20.356 0.1031 0.3538 

7043 422.277 420.423 20.354 0.1030 0.4144 

7045 422.580 420.424 20.348 0.1029 0.4807 

7047 422.904 420.427 20.345 0.1029 0.5520 

7049 423.252 420.429 20.340 0.1029 0.6282 

7051 421.974 420.463 30.268 0.1070 0.3540 

7053 422.237 420.462 30.265 0.1070 0.4145 

7055 422.531 420.464 30.265 0.1067 0.4808 

7057 422.842 420.464 30.262 0.1069 0.5521 

7059 423.171 420.461 30.259 0.1067 0.6282 

7061 421.925 420.484 40.327 0.1106 0.3540 

7063 422.180 420.482 40.327 0.1107 0.4144 

7065 422.512 420.483 40.330 0.1105 0.4808 

7067 422.812 420.482 40.316 0.1106 0.5522 
107

7069 423.137 420.483 40.306 0.1104 0.6284 

8001 441.838 440.120 0.223 0.0913 0.3407 

8003 442.140 440.122 0.223 0.0913 0.3989 

8005 442.412 440.122 0.224 0.0913 0.4626 

8007 442.758 440.124 0.223 0.0914 0.5312 

8009 443.121 440.124 0.218 0.0914 0.6044 

8011 441.768 440.142 5.197 0.0941 0.3405 

8013 442.051 440.142 5.198 0.0941 0.3987 

8015 442.358 440.138 5.198 0.0940 0.4625 

8017 442.702 440.144 5.192 0.0941 0.5311 

8019 443.056 440.140 5.189 0.0939 0.6044 

8021 441.769 440.152 10.163 0.0967 0.3406 

8023 442.045 440.151 10.164 0.0965 0.3987 

8025 442.347 440.148 10.165 0.0966 0.4625 

8027 442.680 440.155 10.165 0.0966 0.5311 

8029 443.028 440.152 10.164 0.0965 0.6043 

8031 441.711 440.183 20.255 0.1012 0.3406 

8033 441.977 440.185 20.254 0.1011 0.3988 

8035 442.265 440.181 20.254 0.1011 0.4626 

8037 442.585 440.187 20.256 0.1010 0.5311 

8039 442.915 440.179 20.259 0.1010 0.6042 

8041 441.635 440.197 30.162 0.1052 0.3408 

8043 441.897 440.201 30.172 0.1051 0.3990 

8045 442.176 440.198 30.178 0.1053 0.4627 

8047 442.476 440.198 30.182 0.1052 0.5312 

8049 442.792 440.190 30.183 0.1051 0.6044 

8051 441.591 440.197 40.247 0.1090 0.3408 

8053 441.892 440.196 40.249 0.1093 0.3991 

8055 442.168 440.196 40.257 0.1089 0.4628 

8057 442.462 440.199 40.261 0.1090 0.5314 

8059 442.769 440.191 40.264 0.1090 0.6045 

9001 461.280 459.599 0.148 0.0893 0.3283 

9003 461.578 459.603 0.145 0.0893 0.3845 

9005 461.902 459.607 0.138 0.0891 0.4462 

9007 462.247 459.612 0.135 0.0891 0.5124 

9009 462.610 459.612 0.138 0.0891 0.5829 

9011 461.254 459.647 5.152 0.0923 0.3283 

9013 461.544 459.654 5.144 0.0920 0.3845 

9015 461.851 459.648 5.140 0.0921 0.4461 

9017 462.186 459.655 5.134 0.0921 0.5124 

9019 462.543 459.658 5.134 0.0920 0.5830 

9021 461.240 459.693 10.181 0.0949 0.3284 

9023 461.512 459.693 10.174 0.0948 0.3847 

9025 461.815 459.698 10.172 0.0947 0.4462 

9027 462.137 459.697 10.175 0.0948 0.5123 

9029 462.479 459.701 10.182 0.0948 0.5827 

9031 461.164 459.730 20.252 0.0995 0.3283 

9033 461.416 459.725 20.253 0.0995 0.3845 

9035 461.706 459.726 20.256 0.0994 0.4459 

9037 462.012 459.726 20.260 0.0994 0.5120 

9039 462.384 459.722 20.262 0.0994 0.5826 

9041 461.193 459.750 30.196 0.1038 0.3286 

9043 461.448 459.753 30.195 0.1037 0.3848 

9045 461.724 459.752 30.199 0.1037 0.4462 

9047 462.020 459.758 30.206 0.1036 0.5123 

9049 462.322 459.747 30.209 0.1035 0.5828 
108

9051 461.127 459.771 40.275 0.1076 0.3284 

9053 461.412 459.770 40.269 0.1076 0.3846 

9055 461.678 459.771 40.258 0.1077 0.4462 

9057 461.973 459.775 40.248 0.1076 0.5125 

9059 462.280 459.778 40.244 0.1075 0.5831 

10001 482.140 480.490 0.183 0.0871 0.3163 

10003 482.424 480.488 0.183 0.0871 0.3704 

10005 482.742 480.496 0.183 0.0872 0.4297 

10007 483.033 480.497 0.184 0.0869 0.4933 

10009 483.391 480.498 0.184 0.0871 0.5611 

10011 482.078 480.517 5.144 0.0903 0.3162 

10013 482.341 480.510 5.145 0.0903 0.3702 

10015 482.642 480.510 5.146 0.0902 0.4294 

10017 482.966 480.513 5.146 0.0902 0.4931 

10019 483.312 480.511 5.147 0.0901 0.5610 

10021 482.227 480.677 5.215 0.0903 0.3160 

10023 482.511 480.684 5.214 0.0903 0.3700 

10025 482.806 480.680 5.210 0.0903 0.4292 

10027 483.138 480.686 5.210 0.0902 0.4929 

10029 483.481 480.686 5.209 0.0902 0.5608 

10031 482.183 480.688 10.157 0.0931 0.3160 

10033 482.446 480.684 10.158 0.0931 0.3700 

10035 482.738 480.686 10.159 0.0931 0.4292 

10037 483.049 480.687 10.160 0.0930 0.4927 

10039 483.380 480.683 10.161 0.0930 0.5606 

10041 481.966 480.703 20.361 0.0975 0.3161 

10043 482.213 480.697 20.361 0.0977 0.3701 

10045 482.494 480.698 20.361 0.0977 0.4293 

10047 482.982 480.693 20.360 0.0975 0.4931 

10049 483.304 480.699 20.359 0.0975 0.5611 

10051 482.044 480.705 30.461 0.1022 0.3162 

10053 482.282 480.698 30.461 0.1021 0.3702 

10055 482.650 480.698 30.461 0.1020 0.4295 

10057 482.933 480.694 30.460 0.1020 0.4932 

10059 483.244 480.699 30.460 0.1019 0.5611 

10061 482.044 480.700 40.419 0.1060 0.3162 

10063 482.282 480.703 40.419 0.1061 0.3703 

10065 482.544 480.705 40.419 0.1061 0.4295 

10067 482.815 480.699 40.421 0.1060 0.4932 

10069 483.115 480.703 40.421 0.1061 0.5611 

11001 502.136 500.513 0.435 0.0850 0.3053 

11003 502.423 500.518 0.436 0.0849 0.3575 

11005 502.729 500.523 0.444 0.0849 0.4145 

11007 503.059 500.522 0.446 0.0848 0.4759 

11009 503.416 500.524 0.448 0.0848 0.5414 

11011 502.132 500.548 5.197 0.0880 0.3052 

11013 502.409 500.554 5.190 0.0880 0.3574 

11015 502.708 500.555 5.188 0.0881 0.4147 

11017 503.028 500.554 5.186 0.0881 0.4761 

11019 503.370 500.558 5.191 0.0880 0.5416 

11021 502.074 500.580 10.192 0.0911 0.3051 

11023 502.329 500.576 10.193 0.0911 0.3572 

11025 502.630 500.589 10.195 0.0911 0.4144 

11027 502.935 500.583 10.196 0.0910 0.4758 

11029 503.273 500.589 10.194 0.0910 0.5414 

11031 501.983 500.625 20.349 0.0965 0.3051 
109

11033 502.232 500.622 20.338 0.0966 0.3574 

11035 502.537 500.625 20.333 0.0965 0.4146 

11037 502.832 500.626 20.331 0.0964 0.4761 

11039 503.146 500.627 20.334 0.0964 0.5417 

11041 501.790 500.637 30.448 0.1010 0.3051 

11043 502.027 500.636 30.449 0.1010 0.3572 

11045 502.296 500.641 30.451 0.1010 0.4144 

11047 502.580 500.646 30.451 0.1009 0.4758 

11049 503.060 500.637 30.452 0.1009 0.5415 

11051 501.948 500.658 40.475 0.1052 0.3053 

11053 502.176 500.659 40.477 0.1051 0.3574 

11055 502.436 500.663 40.478 0.1050 0.4146 

11057 502.703 500.658 40.479 0.1049 0.4761 

11059 502.992 500.661 40.480 0.1049 0.5417 

Table A2. Thermal conductivity for Jet-A-3638 in the liquid phase. 

Point ID T0 Te Pe e q

 (K) (K) (MPa) (W·m-1K-1) (W·m-1) 

1001 299.529 301.523 0.139 0.1117 0.4632 

1003 299.531 301.866 0.140 0.1116 0.5423 

1005 299.527 302.236 0.140 0.1116 0.6291 

1007 299.530 302.637 0.140 0.1115 0.7223 

1009 299.530 303.069 0.127 0.1114 0.8221 

1011 299.541 301.455 5.175 0.1133 0.4631 

1013 299.541 301.793 5.170 0.1132 0.5423 

1015 299.542 302.160 5.164 0.1132 0.6290 

1017 299.537 302.552 5.162 0.1131 0.7222 

1019 299.538 302.976 5.158 0.1130 0.8216 

1021 299.545 301.430 9.801 0.1147 0.4631 

1023 299.549 301.767 9.739 0.1146 0.5423 

1025 299.545 302.175 9.678 0.1145 0.6291 

1027 299.545 302.567 9.619 0.1145 0.7223 

1029 299.541 302.982 9.563 0.1144 0.8218 

1031 299.557 301.435 14.851 0.1160 0.4633 

1033 299.554 301.773 14.119 0.1159 0.5424 

1035 299.550 302.138 13.551 0.1157 0.6291 

1037 299.548 302.529 13.074 0.1155 0.7223 

1039 299.548 302.949 12.663 0.1152 0.8217 

2001 317.067 319.004 0.189 0.1092 0.4431 

2003 317.087 319.364 0.211 0.1092 0.5187 

2005 317.102 319.748 0.227 0.1091 0.6016 

2007 317.120 320.165 0.242 0.1091 0.6907 

2009 317.132 320.601 0.256 0.1091 0.7858 

2011 317.272 319.133 5.134 0.1111 0.4427 

2013 317.289 319.483 5.148 0.1108 0.5183 

2015 317.303 319.862 5.163 0.1110 0.6012 

2017 317.316 320.265 5.178 0.1109 0.6902 

2019 317.328 320.695 5.184 0.1108 0.7854 

2021 317.532 319.448 10.150 0.1125 0.4428 

2023 317.541 319.782 10.176 0.1125 0.5182 

2025 317.555 320.153 10.194 0.1125 0.6010 

2027 317.563 320.549 10.207 0.1124 0.6900 
110

2029 317.578 320.976 10.218 0.1124 0.7851 

2031 317.685 319.483 20.061 0.1157 0.4425 

2033 317.698 319.819 20.045 0.1156 0.5180 

2035 317.707 320.181 20.024 0.1156 0.6008 

2037 317.719 320.568 20.007 0.1155 0.6898 

2039 317.730 320.979 19.988 0.1155 0.7848 

2041 317.831 319.597 26.754 0.1175 0.4425 

2043 317.836 320.009 24.973 0.1170 0.5180 

2045 317.835 320.372 23.951 0.1167 0.6008 

2047 317.844 320.761 23.234 0.1164 0.6898 

2049 317.853 321.174 22.684 0.1163 0.7848 

3001 338.468 340.321 0.207 0.1062 0.4206 

3003 338.473 340.647 0.212 0.1062 0.4925 

3005 338.478 341.008 0.209 0.1060 0.5713 

3007 338.488 341.403 0.204 0.1060 0.6561 

3009 338.492 341.818 0.203 0.1060 0.7466 

3011 338.636 340.492 5.414 0.1081 0.4206 

3013 338.640 340.813 5.403 0.1081 0.4927 

3015 338.644 341.163 5.407 0.1080 0.5714 

3017 338.652 341.546 5.416 0.1081 0.6560 

3019 338.661 341.951 5.425 0.1079 0.7463 

3021 338.700 340.494 10.105 0.1099 0.4204 

3023 338.709 340.821 10.092 0.1100 0.4925 

3025 338.710 341.164 10.079 0.1097 0.5714 

3027 338.717 341.539 10.083 0.1097 0.6560 

3029 338.716 341.932 10.091 0.1097 0.7463 

3031 338.769 340.523 20.136 0.1132 0.4204 

3033 338.773 340.831 20.134 0.1135 0.4922 

3035 338.773 341.165 20.120 0.1135 0.5712 

3037 338.773 341.527 20.110 0.1132 0.6560 

3039 338.782 341.918 20.106 0.1132 0.7464 

3041 338.824 340.487 30.069 0.1165 0.4204 

3043 338.825 340.787 30.046 0.1165 0.4922 

3045 338.829 341.114 30.015 0.1164 0.5709 

3047 338.832 341.468 29.965 0.1163 0.6558 

3049 338.837 341.848 29.932 0.1164 0.7463 

3051 338.851 340.561 30.996 0.1167 0.4204 

3053 338.853 340.861 30.654 0.1166 0.4922 

3055 338.857 341.192 30.363 0.1165 0.5709 

3057 338.857 341.547 30.107 0.1162 0.6555 

3059 338.861 341.924 29.862 0.1161 0.7462 

4001 358.082 359.910 0.281 0.1033 0.4023 

4003 358.089 360.234 0.287 0.1033 0.4710 

4005 358.091 360.587 0.293 0.1032 0.5463 

4007 358.097 360.960 0.300 0.1032 0.6272 

4009 358.101 361.361 0.305 0.1031 0.7135 

4011 358.150 359.922 5.079 0.1053 0.4021 

4013 358.153 360.235 5.084 0.1054 0.4709 

4015 358.156 360.575 5.090 0.1053 0.5461 

4017 358.164 360.948 5.094 0.1052 0.6270 

4019 358.164 361.338 5.097 0.1051 0.7133 

4021 358.222 359.987 10.072 0.1073 0.4021 

4023 358.225 360.296 10.075 0.1072 0.4708 

4025 358.229 360.633 10.059 0.1072 0.5464 

4027 358.228 360.991 10.055 0.1071 0.6274 

4029 358.235 361.379 10.056 0.1070 0.7138 
111

4031 358.276 359.984 20.197 0.1111 0.4021 

4033 358.279 360.281 20.200 0.1109 0.4708 

4035 358.279 360.602 20.203 0.1109 0.5461 

4037 358.282 360.955 20.187 0.1109 0.6273 

4039 358.284 361.328 20.184 0.1108 0.7137 

4041 358.321 359.970 30.400 0.1144 0.4021 

4043 358.322 360.259 30.403 0.1145 0.4708 

4045 358.322 360.569 30.396 0.1145 0.5463 

4047 358.325 360.911 30.398 0.1143 0.6271 

4049 358.322 361.269 30.387 0.1145 0.7138 

4051 358.350 359.945 39.278 0.1175 0.4021 

4053 358.350 360.225 39.136 0.1174 0.4709 

4055 358.347 360.531 39.002 0.1173 0.5462 

4057 358.354 360.868 38.876 0.1172 0.6271 

4059 358.352 361.221 38.753 0.1171 0.7135 

5001 378.914 380.728 0.241 0.1005 0.3849 

5003 378.916 381.040 0.238 0.1003 0.4507 

5005 378.914 381.370 0.241 0.1001 0.5227 

5007 378.916 381.732 0.247 0.1000 0.6000 

5009 378.918 382.123 0.251 0.1000 0.6826 

5011 378.953 380.690 5.093 0.1025 0.3847 

5013 378.955 380.990 5.098 0.1023 0.4504 

5015 378.952 381.315 5.100 0.1024 0.5223 

5017 378.954 381.672 5.103 0.1022 0.5997 

5019 378.951 382.047 5.104 0.1021 0.6824 

5021 378.969 380.661 10.042 0.1046 0.3848 

5023 378.966 380.954 10.049 0.1044 0.4504 

5025 378.970 381.279 10.052 0.1044 0.5224 

5027 378.970 381.628 10.054 0.1044 0.5997 

5029 378.969 381.995 10.055 0.1043 0.6824 

5031 378.996 380.608 20.271 0.1086 0.3846 

5033 378.995 380.892 20.266 0.1085 0.4503 

5035 378.993 381.204 20.257 0.1087 0.5225 

5037 378.993 381.538 20.249 0.1085 0.6000 

5039 378.996 381.953 20.241 0.1084 0.6829 

5041 379.013 380.596 30.354 0.1124 0.3847 

5043 379.011 380.867 30.353 0.1123 0.4504 

5045 379.010 381.172 30.355 0.1123 0.5224 

5047 379.005 381.495 30.345 0.1122 0.6000 

5049 379.012 381.851 30.337 0.1120 0.6828 

5051 379.023 380.533 40.332 0.1157 0.3847 

5053 379.028 380.805 40.332 0.1156 0.4504 

5055 379.022 381.097 40.332 0.1157 0.5224 

5057 379.025 381.414 40.324 0.1155 0.5999 

5059 379.021 381.751 40.308 0.1155 0.6828 

6001 397.146 398.949 0.309 0.0974 0.3704 

6003 397.154 399.261 0.317 0.0975 0.4336 

6005 397.164 399.606 0.325 0.0975 0.5029 

6007 397.171 399.973 0.332 0.0974 0.5774 

6009 397.182 400.367 0.338 0.0973 0.6569 

6011 397.207 398.971 0.132 0.0975 0.3700 

6013 397.223 399.296 0.129 0.0975 0.4333 

6015 397.227 399.638 0.131 0.0972 0.5026 

6017 397.231 399.996 0.136 0.0973 0.5770 

6019 397.238 400.388 0.145 0.0973 0.6564 

6021 397.311 398.985 5.093 0.1001 0.3699 
112

6023 397.324 399.294 5.092 0.0999 0.4332 

6025 397.327 399.625 5.093 0.0998 0.5025 

6027 397.335 399.977 5.098 0.0997 0.5768 

6029 397.336 400.353 5.106 0.0997 0.6562 

6031 397.394 399.055 10.156 0.1023 0.3699 

6033 397.398 399.351 10.160 0.1023 0.4331 

6035 397.406 399.675 10.160 0.1022 0.5024 

6037 397.410 400.023 10.162 0.1021 0.5768 

6039 397.415 400.391 10.170 0.1021 0.6562 

6041 397.466 399.068 20.278 0.1064 0.3698 

6043 397.473 399.354 20.272 0.1064 0.4331 

6045 397.470 399.659 20.271 0.1062 0.5024 

6047 397.477 399.996 20.274 0.1063 0.5768 

6049 397.481 400.355 20.279 0.1062 0.6563 

6051 397.558 399.115 30.305 0.1104 0.3698 

6053 397.561 399.390 30.307 0.1103 0.4329 

6055 397.557 399.682 30.309 0.1102 0.5021 

6057 397.564 400.006 30.310 0.1103 0.5766 

6059 397.569 400.352 30.312 0.1102 0.6561 

6061 397.633 399.142 40.400 0.1138 0.3698 

6063 397.631 399.405 40.402 0.1138 0.4329 

6065 397.637 399.699 40.401 0.1138 0.5021 

6067 397.642 400.009 40.400 0.1140 0.5766 

6069 397.636 400.335 40.400 0.1139 0.6561 

7001 418.050 419.815 0.253 0.0948 0.3548 

7003 418.054 420.122 0.261 0.0947 0.4153 

7005 418.061 420.455 0.265 0.0947 0.4817 

7007 418.072 420.720 0.270 0.0946 0.5529 

7009 418.077 421.104 0.278 0.0945 0.6290 

7011 418.139 419.756 5.182 0.0973 0.3547 

7013 418.147 420.046 5.186 0.0974 0.4152 

7015 418.150 420.372 5.190 0.0973 0.4816 

7017 418.155 420.721 5.194 0.0973 0.5529 

7019 418.166 421.098 5.200 0.0972 0.6291 

7021 418.275 419.897 10.180 0.0998 0.3546 

7023 418.277 420.191 10.178 0.0998 0.4152 

7025 418.285 420.511 10.177 0.0997 0.4816 

7027 418.286 420.847 10.173 0.0996 0.5531 

7029 418.289 421.205 10.178 0.0996 0.6292 

7031 418.343 419.902 20.267 0.1044 0.3545 

7033 418.336 420.166 20.271 0.1043 0.4150 

7035 418.342 420.475 20.266 0.1043 0.4815 

7037 418.346 420.801 20.259 0.1042 0.5530 

7039 418.350 421.148 20.260 0.1043 0.6292 

7041 418.396 419.896 30.283 0.1083 0.3546 

7043 418.403 420.166 30.280 0.1084 0.4152 

7045 418.401 420.451 30.280 0.1084 0.4816 

7047 418.404 420.764 30.283 0.1083 0.5530 

7049 418.406 421.093 30.286 0.1084 0.6292 

7051 418.442 419.873 40.318 0.1123 0.3545 

7053 418.439 420.123 40.313 0.1122 0.4151 

7055 418.442 420.406 40.307 0.1124 0.4816 

7057 418.446 420.714 40.306 0.1122 0.5530 

7059 418.446 421.030 40.301 0.1123 0.6292 

8001 439.401 441.055 0.283 0.0922 0.3402 

8003 439.414 441.365 0.287 0.0922 0.3983 
113

8005 439.412 441.678 0.290 0.0921 0.4619 

8007 439.412 442.024 0.293 0.0920 0.5304 

8009 439.416 442.391 0.294 0.0919 0.6035 

8011 439.451 441.068 5.095 0.0949 0.3402 

8013 439.455 441.357 5.099 0.0949 0.3983 

8015 439.455 441.669 5.100 0.0949 0.4619 

8017 439.454 441.997 5.101 0.0948 0.5304 

8019 439.455 442.360 5.103 0.0947 0.6035 

8021 439.485 441.057 10.102 0.0976 0.3402 

8023 439.490 441.338 10.103 0.0975 0.3983 

8025 439.492 441.642 10.106 0.0974 0.4620 

8027 439.493 441.972 10.106 0.0975 0.5305 

8029 439.497 442.323 10.109 0.0974 0.6036 

8031 439.534 441.016 20.423 0.1025 0.3402 

8033 439.542 441.285 20.425 0.1024 0.3983 

8035 439.539 441.572 20.427 0.1024 0.4620 

8037 439.538 441.883 20.428 0.1023 0.5304 

8039 439.540 442.217 20.427 0.1023 0.6035 

8041 439.570 440.969 30.537 0.1068 0.3402 

8043 439.571 441.221 30.538 0.1068 0.3983 

8045 439.571 441.501 30.538 0.1068 0.4620 

8047 439.572 441.803 30.532 0.1068 0.5306 

8049 439.575 442.125 30.529 0.1068 0.6037 

8051 439.599 440.964 40.385 0.1108 0.3402 

8053 439.597 441.209 40.387 0.1108 0.3983 

8055 439.594 441.479 40.387 0.1109 0.4620 

8057 439.600 441.770 40.382 0.1107 0.5306 

8059 439.597 442.079 40.377 0.1106 0.6038 

9001 459.926 461.620 0.176 0.0894 0.3276 

9003 459.929 461.857 0.180 0.0894 0.3835 

9005 459.936 462.183 0.185 0.0894 0.4447 

9007 459.937 462.512 0.188 0.0893 0.5106 

9009 459.938 462.877 0.189 0.0892 0.5809 

9011 459.977 461.576 5.141 0.0926 0.3276 

9013 459.972 461.848 5.147 0.0925 0.3835 

9015 459.981 462.160 5.151 0.0925 0.4447 

9017 459.983 462.487 5.154 0.0925 0.5106 

9019 459.982 462.840 5.157 0.0924 0.5809 

9021 459.999 461.512 10.160 0.0951 0.3275 

9023 460.004 461.789 10.158 0.0950 0.3835 

9025 460.003 462.083 10.159 0.0949 0.4448 

9027 460.006 462.405 10.165 0.0949 0.5106 

9029 460.009 462.753 10.168 0.0949 0.5809 

9031 460.042 461.486 20.580 0.1004 0.3276 

9033 460.047 461.750 20.587 0.1004 0.3834 

9035 460.048 462.033 20.587 0.1003 0.4447 

9037 460.043 462.334 20.589 0.1003 0.5106 

9039 460.042 462.656 20.592 0.1002 0.5810 

9041 460.086 461.498 30.374 0.1050 0.3275 

9043 460.087 461.749 30.376 0.1048 0.3835 

9045 460.082 462.014 30.377 0.1048 0.4448 

9047 460.078 462.302 30.378 0.1049 0.5107 

9049 460.079 462.613 30.378 0.1047 0.5810 

9051 460.094 461.416 40.317 0.1089 0.3275 

9053 460.089 461.652 40.318 0.1090 0.3835 

9055 460.082 461.903 40.317 0.1089 0.4448 
114

9057 460.087 462.193 40.316 0.1089 0.5107 

9059 460.084 462.490 40.318 0.1088 0.5811 

10001 479.411 481.097 0.336 0.0871 0.3161 

10003 479.412 481.381 0.340 0.0870 0.3700 

10005 479.415 481.696 0.343 0.0870 0.4291 

10007 479.415 482.031 0.345 0.0870 0.4926 

10009 479.420 482.389 0.347 0.0870 0.5605 

10011 479.438 481.018 5.174 0.0904 0.3159 

10013 479.441 481.295 5.176 0.0904 0.3699 

10015 479.438 481.591 5.178 0.0903 0.4290 

10017 479.441 481.917 5.180 0.0903 0.4926 

10019 479.437 482.255 5.182 0.0903 0.5604 

10021 479.457 480.979 10.139 0.0936 0.3159 

10023 479.460 481.249 10.141 0.0934 0.3699 

10025 479.458 481.540 10.143 0.0934 0.4290 

10027 479.458 481.849 10.144 0.0933 0.4926 

10029 479.465 482.187 10.145 0.0933 0.5605 

10031 479.480 480.776 20.316 0.0984 0.3159 

10033 479.479 481.025 20.317 0.0983 0.3699 

10035 479.479 481.307 20.320 0.0983 0.4290 

10037 479.480 481.604 20.323 0.0983 0.4926 

10039 479.477 481.922 20.325 0.0981 0.5605 

10041 479.520 480.915 30.444 0.1032 0.3160 

10043 479.521 481.159 30.446 0.1032 0.3700 

10045 479.521 481.428 30.443 0.1031 0.4292 

10047 479.517 481.709 30.430 0.1030 0.4930 

10049 479.523 482.019 30.426 0.1030 0.5610 

10051 479.537 480.848 40.385 0.1075 0.3161 

10053 479.543 481.093 40.375 0.1075 0.3702 

10055 479.537 481.339 40.372 0.1073 0.4294 

10057 479.537 481.617 40.369 0.1073 0.4931 

10059 479.533 481.903 40.373 0.1072 0.5610 

11001 498.852 500.487 0.272 0.0847 0.3054 

11003 498.859 500.779 0.272 0.0846 0.3575 

11005 498.860 501.086 0.272 0.0846 0.4146 

11007 498.868 501.425 0.273 0.0845 0.4761 

11009 498.865 501.775 0.273 0.0845 0.5416 

11011 498.891 500.429 5.205 0.0883 0.3053 

11013 498.890 500.696 5.207 0.0883 0.3574 

11015 498.891 500.993 5.209 0.0882 0.4146 

11017 498.894 501.317 5.210 0.0882 0.4760 

11019 498.892 501.649 5.210 0.0881 0.5416 

11021 498.917 500.411 10.153 0.0913 0.3053 

11023 498.922 500.676 10.156 0.0914 0.3575 

11025 498.917 500.955 10.159 0.0914 0.4146 

11027 498.920 501.269 10.159 0.0914 0.4760 

11029 498.918 501.594 10.157 0.0914 0.5417 

11031 498.959 500.316 20.481 0.0971 0.3053 

11033 498.959 500.567 20.481 0.0972 0.3574 

11035 498.952 500.827 20.483 0.0971 0.4146 

11037 498.952 501.120 20.485 0.0971 0.4760 

11039 498.956 501.437 20.487 0.0971 0.5416 

11041 498.980 500.173 30.448 0.1016 0.3053 

11043 498.983 500.414 30.450 0.1015 0.3575 

11045 498.980 500.669 30.452 0.1016 0.4146 

11047 498.976 500.951 30.451 0.1016 0.4761 
115

11049 498.979 501.252 30.444 0.1013 0.5419 

11051 498.975 500.341 30.450 0.1011 0.3055 

11053 498.980 500.585 30.444 0.1014 0.3577 

11055 498.979 500.846 30.440 0.1016 0.4149 

11057 498.989 501.139 30.440 0.1014 0.4765 

11059 498.982 501.429 30.445 0.1014 0.5420 

11061 498.998 500.288 40.475 0.1061 0.3054 

11063 498.996 500.510 40.477 0.1059 0.3576 

11065 498.995 500.762 40.474 0.1061 0.4148 

11067 498.992 501.029 40.465 0.1060 0.4764 

11069 499.002 501.329 40.464 0.1059 0.5421 

Table $. Thermal conductivity Jet-A-4658 in the liquid phase. 

Point ID T0 Te Pe e q

 (K) (K) (MPa) (W·m-1K-1) (W·m-1) 

1001 300.096 301.759 0.169 0.1119 0.3909 

1003 300.100 302.080 0.173 0.1120 0.4654 

1005 300.103 302.430 0.175 0.1120 0.5451 

1007 300.102 302.800 0.177 0.1119 0.6322 

1009 300.100 303.201 0.178 0.1118 0.7259 

1011 300.131 301.771 5.661 0.1135 0.3913 

1013 300.131 302.085 5.660 0.1137 0.4658 

1015 300.130 302.421 5.669 0.1136 0.5453 

1017 300.132 302.789 5.677 0.1135 0.6323 

1019 300.131 303.186 5.683 0.1135 0.7260 

1021 300.120 301.726 10.376 0.1151 0.3910 

1023 300.121 302.035 10.377 0.1149 0.4654 

1025 300.124 302.371 10.378 0.1150 0.5451 

1027 300.120 302.734 10.378 0.1149 0.6322 

1029 300.125 303.132 10.379 0.1148 0.7258 

1031 300.144 301.699 20.338 0.1178 0.3911 

1033 300.144 302.000 20.341 0.1177 0.4655 

1035 300.144 302.325 20.345 0.1177 0.5450 

1037 300.138 302.674 20.346 0.1177 0.6321 

1039 300.140 303.062 20.345 0.1176 0.7258 

1041 300.157 301.659 29.673 0.1202 0.3911 

1043 300.153 301.950 29.503 0.1202 0.4655 

1045 300.153 302.273 29.339 0.1200 0.5450 

1047 300.154 302.629 29.142 0.1199 0.6327 

1049 300.153 303.008 28.981 0.1200 0.7267 

1051 300.151 301.688 30.288 0.1204 0.3916 

1053 300.154 301.993 30.042 0.1202 0.4661 

1055 300.149 302.307 29.829 0.1202 0.5455 

1057 300.148 302.658 29.623 0.1201 0.6324 

1059 300.145 303.033 29.424 0.1200 0.7260 

2001 318.502 320.420 0.261 0.1097 0.4444 

2003 318.500 320.745 0.253 0.1095 0.5205 

2005 318.502 321.108 0.248 0.1095 0.6038 

2007 318.501 321.498 0.248 0.1094 0.6932 

2009 318.506 321.919 0.257 0.1094 0.7884 

2011 318.517 320.396 5.594 0.1114 0.4441 

2013 318.517 320.722 5.595 0.1112 0.5200 
116

2015 318.519 321.081 5.594 0.1113 0.6032 

2017 318.523 321.471 5.592 0.1112 0.6926 

2019 318.518 321.876 5.573 0.1112 0.7884 

2021 318.537 320.389 10.323 0.1129 0.4441 

2023 318.535 320.709 10.324 0.1128 0.5200 

2025 318.536 321.067 10.317 0.1128 0.6033 

2027 318.536 321.447 10.301 0.1127 0.6929 

2029 318.544 321.859 10.292 0.1127 0.7885 

2031 318.557 320.350 20.726 0.1161 0.4441 

2033 318.561 320.669 20.710 0.1161 0.5202 

2035 318.557 321.009 20.696 0.1159 0.6036 

2037 318.558 321.381 20.690 0.1159 0.6931 

2039 318.558 321.778 20.685 0.1159 0.7886 

2041 318.570 320.306 30.271 0.1187 0.4445 

2043 318.577 320.621 30.268 0.1188 0.5205 

2045 318.574 320.955 30.267 0.1187 0.6037 

2047 318.567 321.309 30.274 0.1187 0.6930 

2049 318.571 321.698 30.284 0.1186 0.7882 

2051 318.585 320.312 39.924 0.1214 0.4446 

2053 318.582 320.611 39.862 0.1213 0.5206 

2055 318.580 320.941 39.802 0.1211 0.6038 

2057 318.584 321.300 39.744 0.1211 0.6933 

2059 318.581 321.678 39.692 0.1212 0.7887 

3001 337.063 339.014 0.430 0.1070 0.4248 

3003 337.079 339.362 0.446 0.1070 0.4973 

3005 337.095 339.640 0.461 0.1070 0.5767 

3007 337.117 340.054 0.474 0.1070 0.6621 

3009 337.134 340.487 0.449 0.1069 0.7542 

3011 337.462 339.323 0.216 0.1070 0.4249 

3013 337.476 339.664 0.248 0.1070 0.4972 

3015 337.492 340.035 0.280 0.1069 0.5763 

3017 337.503 340.432 0.298 0.1068 0.6615 

3019 337.520 340.862 0.315 0.1069 0.7526 

3021 337.672 339.502 5.177 0.1089 0.4241 

3023 337.686 339.839 5.191 0.1088 0.4965 

3025 337.693 340.197 5.201 0.1088 0.5759 

3027 337.710 340.596 5.214 0.1086 0.6612 

3029 337.721 341.011 5.227 0.1086 0.7522 

3031 337.815 339.635 10.394 0.1106 0.4242 

3033 337.826 339.962 10.410 0.1106 0.4966 

3035 337.833 340.316 10.427 0.1105 0.5759 

3037 337.847 340.701 10.441 0.1104 0.6611 

3039 337.859 341.112 10.453 0.1104 0.7521 

3041 337.956 339.722 20.258 0.1139 0.4242 

3043 337.969 340.044 20.271 0.1139 0.4966 

3045 337.970 340.383 20.287 0.1138 0.5758 

3047 337.982 340.755 20.303 0.1136 0.6610 

3049 337.998 341.157 20.316 0.1137 0.7519 

3051 338.080 339.801 30.330 0.1170 0.4241 

3053 338.088 340.107 30.334 0.1170 0.4966 

3055 338.102 340.453 30.346 0.1170 0.5758 

3057 338.106 340.808 30.358 0.1168 0.6610 

3059 338.114 341.191 30.373 0.1168 0.7519 

3061 338.207 339.894 40.361 0.1200 0.4240 

3063 338.219 340.199 40.382 0.1198 0.4963 

3065 338.223 340.524 40.397 0.1199 0.5755 
117

3067 338.230 340.876 40.410 0.1197 0.6607 

3069 338.233 341.246 40.420 0.1197 0.7516 

4001 358.387 360.194 0.259 0.1041 0.4043 

4003 358.400 360.527 0.264 0.1040 0.4734 

4005 358.412 360.887 0.253 0.1039 0.5494 

4007 358.416 361.266 0.252 0.1038 0.6310 

4009 358.430 361.680 0.259 0.1039 0.7179 

4011 358.553 360.358 5.239 0.1061 0.4043 

4013 358.563 360.628 5.250 0.1060 0.4732 

4015 358.571 360.980 5.259 0.1060 0.5489 

4017 358.577 361.353 5.257 0.1058 0.6304 

4019 358.586 361.753 5.249 0.1058 0.7175 

4021 358.679 360.458 10.300 0.1079 0.4042 

4023 358.689 360.774 10.296 0.1079 0.4735 

4025 358.695 361.119 10.295 0.1079 0.5493 

4027 358.707 361.488 10.298 0.1078 0.6307 

4029 358.712 361.830 10.310 0.1078 0.7173 

4031 358.804 360.472 20.139 0.1115 0.4043 

4033 358.810 360.776 20.145 0.1114 0.4734 

4035 358.819 361.107 20.154 0.1115 0.5490 

4037 358.827 361.463 20.168 0.1114 0.6301 

4039 358.830 361.840 20.179 0.1114 0.7168 

4041 358.923 360.572 30.297 0.1149 0.4040 

4043 358.928 360.866 30.306 0.1150 0.4730 

4045 358.932 361.185 30.313 0.1148 0.5486 

4047 358.938 361.533 30.318 0.1147 0.6299 

4049 358.945 361.904 30.302 0.1147 0.7171 

4051 359.000 360.569 40.347 0.1181 0.4039 

4053 359.007 360.857 40.354 0.1180 0.4730 

4055 359.005 361.211 40.359 0.1180 0.5487 

4057 359.014 361.553 40.364 0.1179 0.6300 

4059 359.019 361.913 40.355 0.1179 0.7170 

5001 377.692 379.446 0.229 0.1013 0.3878 

5003 377.700 379.761 0.233 0.1013 0.4541 

5005 377.707 380.107 0.248 0.1012 0.5265 

5007 377.711 380.473 0.258 0.1011 0.6044 

5009 377.716 380.867 0.266 0.1010 0.6876 

5011 377.778 379.525 5.242 0.1034 0.3876 

5013 377.786 379.837 5.230 0.1034 0.4541 

5015 377.793 380.176 5.229 0.1033 0.5268 

5017 377.799 380.540 5.230 0.1033 0.6049 

5019 377.808 380.926 5.249 0.1033 0.6878 

5021 377.863 379.557 10.147 0.1055 0.3876 

5023 377.864 379.856 10.158 0.1054 0.4538 

5025 377.871 380.189 10.166 0.1054 0.5264 

5027 377.878 380.546 10.173 0.1053 0.6043 

5029 377.882 380.925 10.170 0.1052 0.6877 

5031 377.966 379.571 20.199 0.1094 0.3877 

5033 377.969 379.861 20.212 0.1094 0.4539 

5035 377.976 380.230 20.223 0.1093 0.5263 

5037 377.980 380.572 20.229 0.1093 0.6043 

5039 377.986 380.942 20.235 0.1092 0.6875 

5041 378.047 379.657 30.249 0.1130 0.3875 

5043 378.054 379.945 30.254 0.1129 0.4538 

5045 378.051 380.246 30.259 0.1129 0.5263 

5047 378.059 380.584 30.265 0.1128 0.6043 
118

5049 378.062 380.940 30.262 0.1128 0.6877 

5051 378.108 379.669 40.426 0.1164 0.3875 

5053 378.107 379.941 40.430 0.1163 0.4538 

5055 378.113 380.244 40.435 0.1163 0.5263 

5057 378.116 380.569 40.438 0.1162 0.6043 

5059 378.119 380.914 40.426 0.1162 0.6878 

6001 397.892 399.625 0.179 0.0984 0.3716 

6003 397.897 399.933 0.183 0.0984 0.4351 

6005 397.899 400.268 0.185 0.0984 0.5047 

6007 397.905 400.631 0.176 0.0983 0.5797 

6009 397.908 401.012 0.177 0.0982 0.6596 

6011 397.959 399.671 5.265 0.1009 0.3715 

6013 397.965 399.974 5.261 0.1008 0.4352 

6015 397.972 400.261 5.259 0.1007 0.5048 

6017 397.975 400.615 5.261 0.1007 0.5796 

6019 397.983 400.993 5.262 0.1006 0.6594 

6021 398.036 399.691 10.282 0.1030 0.3716 

6023 398.045 399.990 10.281 0.1030 0.4351 

6025 398.047 400.307 10.283 0.1030 0.5047 

6027 398.052 400.655 10.286 0.1030 0.5795 

6029 398.062 401.032 10.291 0.1029 0.6593 

6031 398.229 399.826 20.219 0.1072 0.3715 

6033 398.229 400.107 20.221 0.1073 0.4350 

6035 398.237 400.419 20.221 0.1070 0.5046 

6037 398.236 400.750 20.224 0.1071 0.5794 

6039 398.243 401.106 20.229 0.1070 0.6592 

6041 398.290 399.833 30.311 0.1110 0.3715 

6043 398.290 400.103 30.310 0.1110 0.4350 

6045 398.297 400.408 30.312 0.1109 0.5046 

6047 398.299 400.727 30.315 0.1109 0.5794 

6049 398.296 401.065 30.314 0.1108 0.6592 

6051 398.348 399.834 40.459 0.1146 0.3715 

6053 398.352 400.102 40.459 0.1146 0.4350 

6055 398.349 400.385 40.459 0.1145 0.5046 

6057 398.353 400.701 40.459 0.1146 0.5794 

6059 398.354 401.032 40.465 0.1145 0.6591 

7001 418.962 420.670 0.329 0.0960 0.3563 

7003 418.961 420.965 0.334 0.0959 0.4171 

7005 418.962 421.286 0.335 0.0959 0.4838 

7007 418.961 421.633 0.337 0.0958 0.5555 

7009 418.963 422.007 0.338 0.0957 0.6320 

7011 418.980 420.586 5.253 0.1001 0.3562 

7013 418.986 420.935 5.257 0.0984 0.4171 

7015 418.984 421.248 5.258 0.0984 0.4838 

7017 418.981 421.586 5.252 0.0984 0.5556 

7019 418.983 421.953 5.242 0.0982 0.6323 

7021 419.002 420.619 10.394 0.1010 0.3563 

7023 419.004 420.905 10.383 0.1009 0.4173 

7025 419.008 421.218 10.382 0.1008 0.4841 

7027 419.007 421.543 10.380 0.1008 0.5559 

7029 419.008 421.901 10.378 0.1007 0.6325 

7031 419.043 420.573 20.240 0.1053 0.3562 

7033 419.043 420.844 20.243 0.1052 0.4171 

7035 419.039 421.137 20.245 0.1051 0.4838 

7037 419.041 421.459 20.246 0.1050 0.5555 

7039 419.043 421.802 20.241 0.1049 0.6322 
119

7041 419.062 420.509 30.369 0.1092 0.3562 

7043 419.059 420.770 30.371 0.1092 0.4171 

7045 419.061 421.057 30.370 0.1092 0.4838 

7047 419.063 421.370 30.356 0.1091 0.5557 

7049 419.059 421.696 30.352 0.1091 0.6324 

7051 419.086 420.506 40.407 0.1128 0.3564 

7053 419.085 420.758 40.406 0.1129 0.4174 

7055 419.081 421.031 40.410 0.1129 0.4840 

7057 419.085 421.334 40.416 0.1129 0.5556 

7059 419.081 421.649 40.419 0.1128 0.6322 

8001 439.283 440.964 0.387 0.0934 0.3425 

8003 439.293 441.265 0.398 0.0933 0.4009 

8005 439.293 441.586 0.406 0.0933 0.4650 

8007 439.301 441.938 0.410 0.0933 0.5338 

8009 439.313 442.319 0.403 0.0931 0.6076 

8011 439.364 440.972 5.234 0.0962 0.3423 

8013 439.370 441.265 5.232 0.0960 0.4009 

8015 439.372 441.579 5.224 0.0961 0.4651 

8017 439.386 441.924 5.225 0.0960 0.5341 

8019 439.386 442.279 5.227 0.0959 0.6076 

8021 439.437 441.020 10.276 0.0988 0.3425 

8023 439.439 441.299 10.277 0.0987 0.4010 

8025 439.446 441.604 10.282 0.0986 0.4650 

8027 439.446 441.930 10.290 0.0986 0.5338 

8029 439.452 442.284 10.294 0.0985 0.6073 

8031 439.515 441.025 20.367 0.1035 0.3423 

8033 439.522 441.299 20.371 0.1035 0.4008 

8035 439.522 441.588 20.374 0.1034 0.4649 

8037 439.522 441.903 20.375 0.1034 0.5338 

8039 439.523 442.240 20.367 0.1033 0.6075 

8041 439.576 441.017 30.385 0.1075 0.3425 

8043 439.579 441.278 30.380 0.1077 0.4011 

8045 439.578 441.555 30.380 0.1077 0.4652 

8047 439.584 441.859 30.386 0.1075 0.5340 

8049 439.579 442.175 30.396 0.1076 0.6074 

8051 439.620 440.989 40.408 0.1117 0.3423 

8053 439.616 441.229 40.412 0.1116 0.4008 

8055 439.616 441.502 40.416 0.1116 0.4649 

8057 439.616 441.790 40.418 0.1115 0.5338 

8059 439.617 442.102 40.419 0.1115 0.6073 

9001 459.247 460.894 0.411 0.0903 0.3299 

9003 459.244 461.181 0.413 0.0904 0.3863 

9005 459.249 461.498 0.415 0.0903 0.4480 

9007 459.257 461.847 0.422 0.0902 0.5142 

9009 459.256 462.208 0.428 0.0901 0.5850 

9011 459.309 460.902 5.251 0.0933 0.3297 

9013 459.314 461.190 5.254 0.0933 0.3860 

9015 459.323 461.506 5.254 0.0932 0.4478 

9017 459.326 461.838 5.246 0.0932 0.5144 

9019 459.328 462.191 5.244 0.0931 0.5853 

9021 459.365 460.887 10.221 0.0965 0.3297 

9023 459.372 461.163 10.224 0.0964 0.3860 

9025 459.374 461.463 10.227 0.0964 0.4477 

9027 459.376 461.784 10.221 0.0963 0.5142 

9029 459.383 462.133 10.218 0.0963 0.5852 

9031 459.510 460.871 20.444 0.1015 0.3296 
120

9033 459.515 461.138 20.446 0.1014 0.3859 

9035 459.516 461.423 20.449 0.1014 0.4477 

9037 459.520 461.734 20.449 0.1014 0.5141 

9039 459.518 462.056 20.449 0.1013 0.5849 

9041 459.550 460.915 30.365 0.1057 0.3298 

9043 459.548 461.183 30.370 0.1058 0.3861 

9045 459.550 461.455 30.373 0.1057 0.4478 

9047 459.552 461.753 30.375 0.1057 0.5142 

9049 459.553 462.064 30.377 0.1057 0.5850 

9051 459.582 460.934 40.496 0.1100 0.3300 

9053 459.579 461.169 40.502 0.1100 0.3863 

9055 459.576 461.429 40.506 0.1099 0.4480 

9057 459.580 461.714 40.511 0.1098 0.5143 

9059 459.581 462.015 40.513 0.1098 0.5852 

10001 479.309 480.930 0.226 0.0881 0.3182 

10003 479.313 481.219 0.227 0.0880 0.3726 

10005 479.319 481.535 0.234 0.0880 0.4320 

10007 479.327 481.875 0.242 0.0880 0.4959 

10009 479.331 482.237 0.248 0.0879 0.5641 

10011 479.386 480.981 5.186 0.0914 0.3180 

10015 479.395 481.566 5.193 0.0913 0.4320 

10017 479.400 481.898 5.188 0.0912 0.4962 

10019 479.404 482.251 5.184 0.0911 0.5647 

10021 479.433 480.924 10.302 0.0944 0.3182 

10023 479.435 481.193 10.308 0.0944 0.3725 

10025 479.433 481.478 10.311 0.0943 0.4321 

10027 479.441 481.801 10.314 0.0943 0.4961 

10029 479.444 482.138 10.318 0.0943 0.5644 

10031 479.489 480.767 20.363 0.0997 0.3181 

10033 479.494 481.024 20.365 0.0997 0.3726 

10035 479.486 481.291 20.369 0.0997 0.4321 

10037 479.493 481.596 20.371 0.0997 0.4962 

10039 479.497 481.918 20.373 0.0996 0.5645 

10041 479.297 480.657 30.321 0.1043 0.3184 

10043 479.281 480.862 30.301 0.1043 0.3729 

10045 479.249 481.079 30.286 0.1043 0.4326 

10047 479.243 481.352 30.274 0.1042 0.4967 

10049 479.228 481.632 30.264 0.1042 0.5652 

10051 479.242 480.566 40.454 0.1085 0.3184 

10053 479.245 480.802 40.455 0.1085 0.3729 

10055 479.248 481.059 40.456 0.1085 0.4325 

10057 479.252 481.337 40.463 0.1084 0.4966 

10059 479.256 481.636 40.468 0.1084 0.5650 

11001 499.690 501.277 0.450 0.0858 0.3068 

11003 499.693 501.560 0.450 0.0857 0.3593 

11005 499.687 501.861 0.453 0.0856 0.4167 

11007 499.696 502.203 0.456 0.0856 0.4783 

11009 499.692 502.547 0.460 0.0856 0.5441 

11011 499.737 501.289 5.240 0.0892 0.3068 

11013 499.745 501.573 5.244 0.0891 0.3591 

11015 499.749 501.873 5.250 0.0890 0.4165 

11017 499.748 502.183 5.253 0.0890 0.4782 

11019 499.756 502.535 5.257 0.0889 0.5440 

11021 499.795 501.311 10.272 0.0922 0.3068 

11023 499.793 501.566 10.280 0.0922 0.3591 

11025 499.799 501.860 10.284 0.0922 0.4164 
121

11027 499.803 502.171 10.287 0.0922 0.4781 

11029 499.808 502.459 10.290 0.0921 0.5440 

11031 499.857 501.081 20.483 0.0978 0.3066 

11033 499.853 501.517 20.486 0.0977 0.3591 

11035 499.860 501.798 20.486 0.0977 0.4166 

11037 499.860 502.092 20.477 0.0977 0.4785 

11039 499.866 502.408 20.474 0.0976 0.5445 

11043 499.919 501.459 30.417 0.1028 0.3593 

11045 499.918 501.717 30.421 0.1026 0.4166 

11047 499.911 501.988 30.425 0.1026 0.4784 

11049 499.919 502.296 30.428 0.1026 0.5443 

11051 499.945 501.211 40.398 0.1069 0.3069 

11053 499.947 501.442 40.397 0.1070 0.3593 

11055 499.946 501.692 40.391 0.1070 0.4167 

11057 499.945 501.961 40.381 0.1069 0.4785 

11059 499.945 502.249 40.369 0.1069 0.5444 

Table A4. Thermal conductivity for JP-8-3773 in the liquid phase. 

Point ID T0 Te Pe e q

 (K) (K) (MPa) (W·m-1K-1) (W·m-1) 

1001 300.750 302.502 0.781 0.1157 0.3448 

1002 300.748 302.502 0.781 0.1157 0.3448 

1003 300.750 302.731 0.782 0.1158 0.3893 

1004 300.748 302.727 0.782 0.1158 0.3893 

1005 300.748 302.969 0.782 0.1157 0.4364 

1006 300.749 302.971 0.783 0.1157 0.4364 

1007 300.748 303.226 0.783 0.1155 0.4863 

1008 300.749 303.225 0.783 0.1155 0.4862 

1009 300.747 303.495 0.783 0.1154 0.5387 

1010 300.751 303.497 0.783 0.1151 0.5387 

1011 300.758 302.486 5.400 0.1173 0.3448 

1012 300.747 302.475 5.400 0.1173 0.3448 

1013 300.753 302.709 5.402 0.1173 0.3893 

1014 300.754 302.708 5.403 0.1173 0.3893 

1015 300.755 302.948 5.404 0.1173 0.4365 

1016 300.752 302.945 5.405 0.1172 0.4364 

1017 300.752 303.195 5.406 0.1172 0.4863 

1018 300.751 303.196 5.406 0.1172 0.4863 

1019 300.756 303.467 11.733 0.1171 0.5388 

1020 300.755 303.465 11.736 0.1168 0.5388 

1021 300.759 302.449 11.738 0.1187 0.3448 

1022 300.750 302.444 11.740 0.1187 0.3448 

1023 300.755 302.671 11.742 0.1187 0.3893 

1024 300.755 302.670 11.743 0.1187 0.3893 

1026 300.753 302.907 11.743 0.1181 0.4365 

1027 300.756 303.159 11.742 0.1180 0.4862 

1029 300.755 303.422 11.741 0.1187 0.5388 
122

1030 300.752 303.416 11.740 0.1187 0.5388 

1031 300.771 302.410 20.455 0.1218 0.3448 

1032 300.771 302.409 20.455 0.1218 0.3448 

1033 300.766 302.623 20.454 0.1218 0.3893 

1034 300.769 302.623 20.454 0.1218 0.3893 

1035 300.766 302.853 20.454 0.1219 0.4364 

1036 300.770 302.855 20.455 0.1220 0.4364 

1037 300.765 303.094 20.455 0.1219 0.4862 

1038 300.771 303.099 20.456 0.1219 0.4863 

1039 300.767 303.354 20.457 0.1218 0.5387 

1041 300.785 302.393 30.829 0.1245 0.3448 

1042 300.782 302.389 30.829 0.1245 0.3448 

1043 300.784 302.606 30.829 0.1244 0.3893 

1044 300.785 302.606 30.828 0.1244 0.3893 

1045 300.781 302.830 30.830 0.1242 0.4364 

1046 300.783 302.831 30.831 0.1237 0.4364 

1047 300.785 303.076 30.834 0.1243 0.4862 

1048 300.783 303.074 40.906 0.1243 0.4862 

1049 300.784 303.326 40.909 0.1238 0.5387 

1050 300.781 303.322 40.912 0.1239 0.5387 

1051 300.789 302.364 40.912 0.1271 0.3448 

1052 300.787 302.363 40.916 0.1271 0.3448 

1053 300.791 302.577 40.918 0.1270 0.3893 

1054 300.792 302.576 40.919 0.1270 0.3892 

1055 300.783 302.793 40.921 0.1272 0.4364 

1056 300.787 302.796 40.923 0.1272 0.4364 

1057 300.788 303.031 40.923 0.1271 0.4862 

1058 300.788 303.029 50.744 0.1271 0.4862 

1059 300.785 303.274 50.744 0.1270 0.5387 

1060 300.787 303.276 50.748 0.1264 0.5387 

1061 300.796 302.359 50.750 0.1296 0.3447 

1062 300.792 302.354 50.749 0.1296 0.3447 

1063 300.794 302.572 50.750 0.1297 0.3891 

1064 300.796 302.572 50.751 0.1297 0.3892 

1065 300.793 302.787 60.438 0.1298 0.4363 

1066 300.792 302.787 60.426 0.1299 0.4363 

1067 300.795 303.020 60.413 0.1296 0.4861 

1068 300.791 303.014 60.400 0.1295 0.4861 

1069 300.794 303.262 60.389 0.1294 0.5386 

1070 300.788 303.255 60.376 0.1293 0.5386 

1071 300.798 302.319 60.366 0.1319 0.3447 

1072 300.795 302.317 60.356 0.1319 0.3447 

1073 300.797 302.522 60.346 0.1317 0.3892 

1074 300.798 302.524 60.334 0.1317 0.3892 

1075 300.795 302.734 0.781 0.1318 0.4363 

1076 300.795 302.734 0.781 0.1317 0.4363 

1077 300.798 302.963 0.782 0.1317 0.4861 

1078 300.795 302.960 0.782 0.1317 0.4861 
123

1079 300.796 303.199 0.782 0.1316 0.5386 

1080 300.790 303.196 0.783 0.1314 0.5386 

2003 355.094 357.010 0.783 0.1050 0.3506 

2004 355.098 357.013 0.783 0.1049 0.3506 

2005 355.100 357.256 0.783 0.1053 0.3930 

2006 355.099 357.253 0.783 0.1053 0.3930 

2007 355.102 357.508 5.400 0.1054 0.4379 

2008 355.105 357.513 5.400 0.1054 0.4379 

2009 355.107 357.778 5.402 0.1054 0.4851 

2010 355.110 357.781 5.403 0.1053 0.4851 

2011 355.146 356.812 5.404 0.1076 0.3105 

2012 355.144 356.813 5.405 0.1076 0.3105 

2015 355.150 357.276 5.406 0.1072 0.3930 

2016 355.150 357.274 5.406 0.1072 0.3930 

2017 355.147 357.520 11.733 0.1073 0.4379 

2018 355.157 357.527 11.736 0.1073 0.4379 

2019 355.149 357.780 11.738 0.1072 0.4851 

2020 355.154 357.783 11.740 0.1071 0.4851 

2021 355.183 356.825 11.742 0.1093 0.3105 

2022 355.182 356.828 11.743 0.1087 0.3105 

2023 355.186 357.051 11.743 0.1085 0.3505 

2024 355.183 357.048 11.742 0.1086 0.3506 

2025 355.188 357.283 11.741 0.1093 0.3930 

2026 355.186 357.283 11.740 0.1092 0.3930 

2027 355.191 357.529 20.455 0.1093 0.4378 

2028 355.193 357.529 20.455 0.1092 0.4379 

2029 355.188 357.784 20.454 0.1088 0.4851 

2030 355.194 357.787 20.454 0.1087 0.4851 

2031 355.242 356.830 20.454 0.1135 0.3105 

2032 355.237 356.826 20.455 0.1135 0.3105 

2033 355.241 357.040 20.455 0.1133 0.3505 

2034 355.242 357.040 20.456 0.1132 0.3506 

2035 355.244 357.265 20.457 0.1127 0.3930 

2036 355.236 357.257 30.829 0.1128 0.3930 

2037 355.245 357.501 30.829 0.1126 0.4378 

2038 355.240 357.495 30.829 0.1125 0.4379 

2039 355.244 357.749 30.828 0.1128 0.4851 

2040 355.249 357.754 30.830 0.1129 0.4851 

2043 355.278 357.015 30.831 0.1166 0.3505 

2044 355.286 357.023 30.834 0.1166 0.3506 

2045 355.278 357.228 40.906 0.1168 0.3930 

2046 355.282 357.233 40.909 0.1167 0.3930 

2047 355.285 357.466 40.912 0.1155 0.4378 

2048 355.284 357.463 40.912 0.1158 0.4379 

2049 355.282 357.706 40.916 0.1156 0.4851 

2050 355.288 357.710 40.918 0.1156 0.4851 

2051 355.307 356.806 40.919 0.1200 0.3105 

2052 355.311 356.808 40.921 0.1199 0.3105 
124

2053 355.304 357.001 40.923 0.1193 0.3505 

2054 355.311 357.008 40.923 0.1193 0.3505 

2055 355.307 357.216 50.744 0.1187 0.3930 

2056 355.307 357.216 50.744 0.1192 0.3930 

2057 355.311 357.443 50.748 0.1197 0.4378 

2058 355.304 357.435 50.750 0.1198 0.4378 

2059 355.308 357.675 50.749 0.1193 0.4851 

2060 355.301 357.668 50.750 0.1192 0.4851 

2063 355.318 356.963 50.751 0.1229 0.3505 

2064 355.323 356.969 60.438 0.1229 0.3505 

2065 355.322 357.174 60.426 0.1222 0.3930 

2066 355.317 357.179 60.413 0.1222 0.3930 

2067 355.321 357.401 60.400 0.1229 0.4378 

2068 355.315 357.395 60.389 0.1226 0.4378 

2069 355.319 357.628 60.376 0.1225 0.4851 

2070 355.319 357.626 60.366 0.1225 0.4851 

2072 355.331 356.765 60.356 0.1248 0.3104 

2073 355.331 356.955 60.346 0.1247 0.3505 

2074 355.334 356.954 60.334 0.1247 0.3505 

2075 355.336 357.161 0.781 0.1249 0.3929 

2076 355.327 357.152 0.781 0.1247 0.3929 

2077 355.335 357.375 0.782 0.1254 0.4378 

2078 355.328 357.364 0.782 0.1254 0.4378 

2079 355.331 357.594 0.782 0.1261 0.4850 

2080 355.330 357.590 0.783 0.1261 0.4851 

3001 404.755 406.536 0.783 0.0967 0.3003 

3003 404.757 406.775 0.783 0.0965 0.3391 

3004 404.754 406.776 0.783 0.0964 0.3391 

3005 404.759 407.027 0.783 0.0961 0.3801 

3006 404.762 407.033 5.400 0.0957 0.3801 

3007 404.760 407.294 5.400 0.0952 0.4235 

3009 404.769 407.586 5.402 0.0961 0.4691 

3010 404.764 407.581 5.403 0.0962 0.4692 

3011 404.792 406.526 5.404 0.0993 0.3003 

3012 404.795 406.528 5.405 0.0994 0.3003 

3013 404.797 406.760 5.406 0.0986 0.3391 

3014 404.791 406.754 5.406 0.0986 0.3391 

3015 404.797 407.002 11.733 0.0992 0.3801 

3016 404.792 406.995 11.736 0.0991 0.3801 

3017 404.799 407.260 11.738 0.0990 0.4235 

3019 404.792 407.525 11.740 0.0991 0.4692 

3021 404.816 406.498 11.742 0.1011 0.3003 

3022 404.810 406.493 11.743 0.1011 0.3003 

3027 404.808 407.210 11.743 0.1007 0.4235 

3028 404.811 407.213 11.742 0.1000 0.4235 

3030 404.809 407.474 11.741 0.1000 0.4692 

3031 404.814 406.514 11.740 0.1011 0.3003 

3032 404.815 406.515 20.455 0.1012 0.3004 
125

3035 404.815 406.980 20.455 0.1006 0.3801 

3036 404.810 406.958 20.454 0.1001 0.3801 

3037 404.814 407.234 20.454 0.1005 0.4235 

3038 404.813 407.233 20.454 0.1001 0.4235 

3039 404.815 407.500 20.455 0.1002 0.4692 

3040 404.816 407.499 20.455 0.0999 0.4692 

3041 404.840 406.453 20.456 0.1061 0.3004 

3042 404.842 406.458 20.457 0.1061 0.3003 

3043 404.837 406.671 30.829 0.1062 0.3391 

3044 404.837 406.665 30.829 0.1060 0.3391 

3047 404.835 407.136 30.829 0.1056 0.4235 

3048 404.836 407.137 30.828 0.1055 0.4236 

3049 404.835 407.390 30.830 0.1058 0.4692 

3050 404.833 407.387 30.831 0.1058 0.4692 

3053 404.853 406.616 30.834 0.1099 0.3391 

3054 404.851 406.616 40.906 0.1100 0.3392 

3055 404.851 406.834 40.909 0.1101 0.3802 

3056 404.852 406.835 40.912 0.1100 0.3802 

3057 404.851 407.067 40.912 0.1100 0.4235 

3058 404.850 407.061 40.916 0.1100 0.4235 

3059 404.852 407.309 40.918 0.1099 0.4693 

3060 404.849 407.306 40.919 0.1100 0.4693 

3061 404.861 406.367 40.921 0.1139 0.3004 

3062 404.854 406.356 40.923 0.1139 0.3004 

3063 404.866 406.571 40.923 0.1139 0.3391 

3064 404.857 406.562 50.744 0.1139 0.3391 

3065 404.861 406.777 50.744 0.1138 0.3802 

3066 404.859 406.772 50.748 0.1137 0.3802 

3067 404.854 406.993 50.750 0.1137 0.4235 

3068 404.862 407.001 50.749 0.1138 0.4236 

3069 404.857 407.231 50.750 0.1137 0.4692 

3070 404.859 407.232 50.751 0.1137 0.4692 

3071 404.870 406.332 60.438 0.1174 0.3003 

3072 404.865 406.359 60.426 0.1174 0.3003 

3073 404.868 406.558 60.413 0.1174 0.3390 

3074 404.862 406.550 60.400 0.1173 0.3390 

3075 404.864 406.757 60.389 0.1173 0.3801 

3076 404.865 406.759 60.376 0.1173 0.3801 

3077 404.861 406.971 60.366 0.1172 0.4235 

3078 404.863 406.973 60.356 0.1172 0.4234 

3079 404.865 407.204 60.346 0.1172 0.4692 

3080 404.860 407.199 60.334 0.1172 0.4692 

3081 404.874 406.290 0.781 0.1206 0.3003 

3082 404.866 406.284 0.781 0.1205 0.3003 

3083 404.870 406.476 0.782 0.1205 0.3391 

3084 404.873 406.524 0.782 0.1204 0.3390 

3085 404.868 406.723 0.782 0.1203 0.3801 

3086 404.863 406.718 0.783 0.1203 0.3800 
126

3087 404.864 406.928 0.783 0.1203 0.4234 

3088 404.869 406.932 0.783 0.1203 0.4235 

3089 404.867 407.156 0.783 0.1202 0.4691 

3090 404.864 407.152 0.783 0.1202 0.4691 

3091 404.736 406.460 5.400 0.1024 0.3002 

3092 404.740 406.425 5.400 0.1029 0.3002 

3093 404.740 406.645 5.402 0.1030 0.3389 

3094 404.745 406.654 5.403 0.1030 0.3389 

3095 404.748 406.888 5.404 0.1027 0.3799 

3096 404.742 406.881 5.405 0.1024 0.3799 

3097 404.744 407.134 5.406 0.1028 0.4233 

3098 404.750 407.140 5.406 0.1027 0.4233 

3099 404.745 407.394 11.733 0.1028 0.4690 

3100 404.758 407.411 11.736 0.1029 0.4690 

4001 451.962 453.817 11.738 0.0877 0.2878 

4002 451.965 453.825 11.740 0.0873 0.2878 

4003 451.964 454.068 11.742 0.0879 0.3249 

4004 451.968 454.072 11.743 0.0871 0.3249 

4005 451.970 454.336 11.743 0.0883 0.3642 

4006 451.972 454.340 11.742 0.0880 0.3642 

4007 451.972 454.613 11.741 0.0882 0.4058 

4008 451.973 454.614 11.740 0.0884 0.4058 

4009 451.980 454.908 20.455 0.0879 0.4496 

4010 451.980 454.904 20.455 0.0881 0.4496 

4011 451.988 453.763 20.454 0.0908 0.2878 

4012 451.995 453.770 20.454 0.0914 0.2878 

4013 451.991 454.001 20.454 0.0913 0.3249 

4014 451.993 454.002 20.455 0.0913 0.3249 

4015 451.994 454.250 20.455 0.0919 0.3642 

4016 451.993 454.249 20.456 0.0919 0.3642 

4017 451.991 454.507 20.457 0.0913 0.4058 

4018 451.990 454.507 30.829 0.0915 0.4058 

4021 452.021 453.726 30.829 0.0957 0.2878 

4022 452.016 453.719 30.829 0.0956 0.2878 

4023 452.021 453.949 30.828 0.0958 0.3249 

4024 452.021 453.950 30.830 0.0958 0.3249 

4025 452.026 454.196 30.831 0.0957 0.3642 

4027 452.022 454.451 30.834 0.0949 0.4058 

4028 452.027 454.459 40.906 0.0948 0.4058 

4029 452.021 454.720 40.909 0.0948 0.4496 

4030 452.024 454.715 40.912 0.0945 0.4496 

4031 452.055 453.727 40.912 0.0990 0.2877 

4033 452.051 453.934 40.916 0.0998 0.3249 

4034 452.047 453.927 40.918 0.0998 0.3248 

4035 452.046 454.157 40.919 0.0989 0.3642 

4036 452.052 454.164 40.921 0.0997 0.3642 

4037 452.056 454.410 40.923 0.0998 0.4057 

4038 452.054 454.408 40.923 0.0998 0.4058 
127

4039 452.049 454.662 50.744 0.0997 0.4495 

4040 452.053 454.670 50.744 0.0988 0.4495 

4041 452.078 453.644 50.748 0.1042 0.2878 

4042 452.077 453.640 50.750 0.1042 0.2878 

4043 452.074 453.853 50.749 0.1034 0.3249 

4044 452.073 453.848 50.750 0.1034 0.3249 

4045 452.078 454.075 50.751 0.1036 0.3642 

4046 452.071 454.070 60.438 0.1036 0.3642 

4047 452.073 454.305 60.426 0.1041 0.4058 

4048 452.075 454.307 60.413 0.1042 0.4058 

4051 452.096 453.603 60.400 0.1075 0.2877 

4052 452.088 453.595 60.389 0.1076 0.2878 

4053 452.097 453.806 60.376 0.1069 0.3249 

4054 452.092 453.798 60.366 0.1069 0.3249 

4055 452.096 454.020 60.356 0.1070 0.3642 

4056 452.093 454.016 60.346 0.1071 0.3642 

4057 452.093 454.243 60.334 0.1069 0.4058 

4058 452.093 454.242 0.781 0.1069 0.4057 

4059 452.087 454.470 0.781 0.1068 0.4496 

4061 452.108 453.542 0.782 0.1122 0.2877 

4062 452.110 453.547 0.782 0.1121 0.2877 

4063 452.110 453.738 0.782 0.1120 0.3249 

4064 452.110 453.740 0.783 0.1119 0.3249 

4070 452.104 454.386 0.783 0.1114 0.4496 

4071 452.103 453.592 0.783 0.1121 0.2877 

4072 452.099 453.587 0.783 0.1121 0.2877 

4073 452.092 453.773 0.783 0.1122 0.3248 

4074 452.104 453.784 5.400 0.1122 0.3248 

4075 452.103 453.986 5.400 0.1121 0.3641 

4076 452.100 453.988 5.402 0.1120 0.3641 

4077 452.100 454.206 5.403 0.1111 0.4057 

4078 452.100 454.203 5.404 0.1113 0.4057 

4079 452.100 454.433 5.405 0.1119 0.4495 

4080 452.098 454.436 5.406 0.1117 0.4495 

4081 452.113 453.518 5.406 0.1153 0.2877 

4082 452.108 453.512 11.733 0.1156 0.2877 

4083 452.113 453.707 11.736 0.1154 0.3248 

4084 452.109 453.702 11.738 0.1151 0.3248 

4085 452.107 453.899 11.740 0.1154 0.3642 

4086 452.108 453.899 11.742 0.1156 0.3642 

4087 452.109 454.119 11.743 0.1146 0.4057 

4088 452.110 454.118 11.743 0.1148 0.4057 

4089 452.106 454.333 11.742 0.1155 0.4495 

4090 452.107 454.336 11.741 0.1155 0.4495 

4091 452.073 453.601 11.740 0.1117 0.2876 

4092 452.070 453.598 20.455 0.1116 0.2876 

4093 452.076 453.803 20.455 0.1114 0.3248 

4094 452.073 453.803 20.454 0.1117 0.3247 
128

4095 452.073 453.975 20.454 0.1120 0.3641 

4096 452.076 453.978 20.454 0.1121 0.3641 

4097 452.071 454.191 20.455 0.1120 0.4057 

4098 452.076 454.196 20.455 0.1119 0.4056 

4099 452.075 454.425 20.456 0.1119 0.4494 

4100 452.071 454.422 20.457 0.1117 0.4495 

4101 452.048 453.618 30.829 0.1071 0.2877 

4102 452.050 453.620 30.829 0.1069 0.2876 

4103 452.052 453.801 30.829 0.1075 0.3248 

4104 452.053 453.801 30.828 0.1072 0.3248 

4105 452.050 454.012 30.830 0.1079 0.3641 

4106 452.053 454.016 30.831 0.1078 0.3641 

4107 452.050 454.240 30.834 0.1073 0.4056 

4108 452.056 454.248 40.906 0.1069 0.4056 

4109 452.051 454.481 40.909 0.1074 0.4494 

4110 452.051 454.480 40.912 0.1072 0.4494 

5003 495.464 497.561 40.912 0.0826 0.3002 

5004 495.466 497.567 40.916 0.0818 0.3002 

5006 495.473 497.832 40.918 0.0817 0.3366 

5007 495.475 498.107 40.919 0.0818 0.3749 

5008 495.472 498.106 40.921 0.0819 0.3750 

5009 495.478 498.397 40.923 0.0820 0.4154 

5010 495.484 498.402 40.923 0.0820 0.4154 

5011 495.490 497.336 50.744 0.0818 0.2659 

5015 495.494 497.847 50.744 0.0817 0.3366 

5016 495.494 497.848 50.748 0.0816 0.3366 

5019 495.497 498.403 50.750 0.0824 0.4154 

5020 495.502 498.408 50.749 0.0821 0.4154 

5021 495.527 497.280 50.750 0.0863 0.2659 

5022 495.529 497.280 50.751 0.0863 0.2659 

5023 495.529 497.510 60.438 0.0862 0.3002 

5024 495.525 497.504 60.426 0.0862 0.3002 

5026 495.530 497.768 60.413 0.0857 0.3366 

5027 495.527 498.035 60.400 0.0852 0.3750 

5028 495.525 498.015 60.389 0.0859 0.3750 

5033 495.543 497.452 60.376 0.0904 0.3002 

5034 495.546 497.454 60.366 0.0903 0.3002 

5035 495.545 497.686 60.356 0.0899 0.3366 

5036 495.546 497.684 60.346 0.0896 0.3366 

5037 495.541 497.929 60.334 0.0894 0.3750 

5038 495.542 497.927 0.781 0.0893 0.3750 

5039 495.548 498.194 0.781 0.0900 0.4154 

5041 495.556 497.131 0.782 0.0946 0.2659 

5042 495.557 497.131 0.782 0.0944 0.2659 

5043 495.561 497.373 0.782 0.0946 0.3002 

5044 495.558 497.368 0.783 0.0946 0.3002 

5045 495.556 497.593 0.783 0.0948 0.3366 

5046 495.552 497.586 0.783 0.0939 0.3366 
129

5047 495.554 497.822 0.783 0.0941 0.3750 

5048 495.552 497.824 0.783 0.0941 0.3749 

5049 495.554 498.074 5.400 0.0938 0.4155 

5050 495.548 498.071 5.400 0.0937 0.4154 

5051 495.558 497.083 5.402 0.0983 0.2659 

5052 495.561 497.084 5.403 0.0982 0.2659 

5053 495.559 497.284 5.404 0.0986 0.3002 

5054 495.559 497.282 5.405 0.0985 0.3002 

5056 495.554 497.491 5.406 0.0981 0.3366 

5057 495.554 497.720 5.406 0.0993 0.3750 

5058 495.552 497.719 11.733 0.0992 0.3750 

5059 495.554 497.955 11.736 0.0993 0.4154 

5060 495.558 497.961 11.738 0.0990 0.4154 

5061 495.575 497.010 11.740 0.1028 0.2659 

5062 495.573 497.008 11.742 0.1019 0.2659 

5064 495.572 497.200 11.743 0.1026 0.3002 

5065 495.572 497.410 11.743 0.1021 0.3366 

5066 495.567 497.407 11.742 0.1031 0.3366 

5067 495.565 497.620 11.741 0.1016 0.3750 

5068 495.571 497.627 11.740 0.1023 0.3750 

5069 495.568 497.857 20.455 0.1025 0.4155 

5070 495.571 497.861 20.455 0.1017 0.4155 

5071 495.582 496.997 20.454 0.1077 0.2659 

5072 495.584 497.000 20.454 0.1077 0.2659 

5073 495.579 497.182 20.454 0.1079 0.3002 

5074 495.583 497.182 20.455 0.1078 0.3002 

5075 495.576 497.374 20.455 0.1083 0.3365 

5076 495.574 497.375 20.456 0.1074 0.3365 

5078 495.577 497.590 20.457 0.1064 0.3749 

5079 495.579 497.814 30.829 0.1065 0.4154 

5080 495.579 497.806 30.829 0.1066 0.4154 

5091 495.621 497.036 30.829 0.1110 0.2657 

5092 495.619 497.032 30.828 0.1111 0.2658 

5093 495.626 497.222 30.830 0.1109 0.3001 

5094 495.622 497.217 30.831 0.1106 0.3001 

5095 495.621 497.406 30.834 0.1101 0.3364 

5096 495.619 497.407 40.906 0.1104 0.3364 

5097 495.617 497.607 40.909 0.1109 0.3748 

5098 495.621 497.611 40.912 0.1109 0.3748 

5099 495.621 497.831 40.912 0.1097 0.4152 

5100 495.622 497.832 40.916 0.1101 0.4152 

6001 547.296 549.127 40.918 0.0764 0.2427 

6002 547.305 549.139 40.919 0.0763 0.2427 

6003 547.301 549.371 40.921 0.0763 0.2740 

6004 547.304 549.376 40.923 0.0762 0.2740 

6005 547.318 549.641 40.923 0.0759 0.3072 

6006 547.313 549.639 50.744 0.0762 0.3072 

6007 547.317 549.908 50.744 0.0755 0.3423 
130

6008 547.320 549.917 50.748 0.0753 0.3422 

6009 547.322 550.197 50.750 0.0756 0.3792 

6010 547.329 550.207 50.749 0.0757 0.3792 

6013 547.357 549.306 50.750 0.0796 0.2740 

6014 547.356 549.301 50.751 0.0806 0.2740 

6015 547.352 549.539 60.438 0.0805 0.3072 

6016 547.356 549.549 60.426 0.0799 0.3072 

6017 547.357 549.802 60.413 0.0802 0.3422 

6018 547.358 549.802 60.400 0.0799 0.3422 

6019 547.365 550.078 60.389 0.0802 0.3791 

6020 547.359 550.076 60.376 0.0800 0.3792 

6021 547.374 548.996 60.366 0.0838 0.2427 

6022 547.372 548.992 60.356 0.0838 0.2427 

6023 547.367 549.210 60.346 0.0833 0.2740 

6024 547.371 549.214 60.334 0.0837 0.2740 

6025 547.372 549.437 0.781 0.0833 0.3072 

6026 547.374 549.437 0.781 0.0829 0.3072 

6027 547.372 549.682 0.782 0.0837 0.3422 

6028 547.371 549.681 0.782 0.0835 0.3422 

6029 547.377 549.942 0.782 0.0840 0.3792 

6030 547.378 549.943 0.783 0.0839 0.3792 

6031 547.403 548.960 0.783 0.0887 0.2427 

6032 547.388 548.952 0.783 0.0883 0.2428 

6033 547.399 549.163 0.783 0.0885 0.2741 

6034 547.400 549.164 0.783 0.0889 0.2740 

6035 547.397 549.373 5.400 0.0895 0.3072 

6036 547.395 549.379 5.400 0.0896 0.3072 

6037 547.393 549.607 5.402 0.0882 0.3423 

6039 547.394 549.861 5.403 0.0883 0.3793 

6040 547.393 549.845 5.404 0.0882 0.3792 

6042 547.405 548.875 5.405 0.0947 0.2428 

6045 547.401 549.274 5.406 0.0943 0.3073 

6046 547.402 549.268 5.406 0.0945 0.3073 

6047 547.400 549.483 11.733 0.0948 0.3424 

6048 547.406 549.490 11.736 0.0946 0.3424 

6049 547.404 549.717 11.738 0.0948 0.3793 

6050 547.398 549.712 11.740 0.0943 0.3793 

6051 547.418 548.769 11.742 0.0985 0.2428 

6052 547.427 548.776 11.743 0.0997 0.2428 

6053 547.421 548.955 11.743 0.0990 0.2741 

6054 547.425 548.956 11.742 0.0989 0.2742 

6055 547.427 549.206 11.741 0.0994 0.3073 

6056 547.425 549.200 11.740 0.0995 0.3073 

6057 547.424 549.408 20.455 0.1000 0.3423 

6058 547.426 549.411 20.455 0.0990 0.3424 

6059 547.431 549.634 20.454 0.0997 0.3793 

6060 547.426 549.634 20.454 0.0982 0.3793 

6061 547.459 548.770 20.454 0.1044 0.2428 
131

6062 547.453 548.761 20.455 0.1043 0.2428 

6063 547.452 548.939 20.455 0.1042 0.2741 

6064 547.456 548.941 20.456 0.1035 0.2741 

6065 547.460 549.132 20.457 0.1043 0.3073 

6066 547.456 549.132 30.829 0.1037 0.3073 

6067 547.458 549.333 30.829 0.1028 0.3424 

6071 547.481 548.778 30.829 0.1080 0.2428 

6072 547.485 548.783 30.828 0.1079 0.2428 

6073 547.483 548.947 30.830 0.1079 0.2741 

6074 547.489 548.957 30.831 0.1080 0.2741 

6075 547.488 549.132 30.834 0.1080 0.3073 

6076 547.489 549.138 40.906 0.1076 0.3073 

6077 547.489 549.324 40.909 0.1076 0.3424 

6078 547.487 549.323 40.912 0.1079 0.3424 

6079 547.484 549.520 40.912 0.1078 0.3794 

6080 547.489 549.529 40.916 0.1078 0.3793 

Table A5. Thermal conductivity of liquid S-8. 

Point ID T0 Te Pe e e q 

 (K) (K) (MPa) (mol·L-1) (W·m-1K-1) (W·m-1) 

1013 301.957 303.640 0.095 4.245 0.1169 0.3730 

1015 301.929 303.922 0.095 4.244 0.1176 0.4439 

1017 301.909 304.236 0.095 4.243 0.1179 0.5199 

1019 301.885 304.575 0.095 4.241 0.1176 0.6032 

1021 301.671 303.087 0.510 4.250 0.1168 0.3085 

1023 301.662 303.369 0.502 4.248 0.1170 0.3734 

1025 301.655 303.686 0.498 4.247 0.1169 0.4445 

1027 301.648 304.022 0.497 4.245 0.1175 0.5205 

1029 301.643 304.388 0.501 4.244 0.1171 0.6035 

1031 301.441 302.846 0.342 4.250 0.1166 0.3086 

1033 301.437 303.137 0.333 4.249 0.1170 0.3736 

1035 301.434 303.459 0.325 4.247 0.1173 0.4447 

1037 301.434 303.803 0.319 4.246 0.1167 0.5207 

1039 301.430 304.180 0.312 4.244 0.1176 0.6040 

1041 301.547 302.957 5.249 4.271 0.1201 0.3086 

1043 301.562 303.222 5.266 4.270 0.1189 0.3734 

1045 301.584 303.574 5.278 4.269 0.1190 0.4445 

1047 301.605 303.947 5.292 4.267 0.1188 0.5205 

1049 301.620 304.346 5.305 4.266 0.1184 0.6037 

1051 301.743 303.175 10.283 4.291 0.1199 0.3085 

1053 301.750 303.478 10.286 4.290 0.1204 0.3734 

1055 301.754 303.807 10.286 4.289 0.1210 0.4444 

1057 301.764 304.156 10.287 4.287 0.1211 0.5204 

1059 301.764 304.530 10.289 4.286 0.1203 0.6037 
132

1061 301.816 303.449 20.266 4.330 0.1244 0.3732 

1063 301.819 303.767 20.259 4.328 0.1234 0.4443 

1065 301.826 304.107 20.258 4.327 0.1242 0.5203 

1067 301.832 304.474 20.258 4.326 0.1241 0.6035 

1069 301.833 304.867 20.260 4.324 0.1236 0.6929 

1071 301.975 303.572 30.348 4.366 0.1281 0.3730 

1073 301.998 303.909 30.369 4.365 0.1274 0.4440 

1075 302.019 304.260 30.390 4.363 0.1274 0.5199 

1077 302.043 304.647 30.412 4.362 0.1269 0.6030 

1079 302.067 305.070 30.434 4.360 0.1267 0.6924 

1081 302.364 303.977 40.266 4.398 0.1294 0.3729 

1083 302.369 304.280 40.265 4.397 0.1290 0.4439 

1085 302.370 304.606 40.265 4.395 0.1295 0.5198 

1087 302.365 304.952 40.269 4.394 0.1300 0.6028 

1089 302.361 305.320 40.275 4.393 0.1301 0.6921 

1091 302.342 303.768 50.044 4.429 0.1329 0.3725 

1093 302.330 304.045 50.033 4.428 0.1314 0.4434 

1095 302.322 304.348 50.023 4.427 0.1332 0.5192 

1097 302.311 304.821 50.010 4.426 0.1327 0.6025 

1099 302.297 305.173 49.995 4.424 0.1330 0.6918 

1101 302.144 303.689 58.820 4.456 0.1354 0.3731 

1103 302.130 303.956 58.602 4.454 0.1346 0.4441 

1105 302.109 304.240 58.405 4.453 0.1350 0.5200 

1107 302.095 304.560 58.216 4.451 0.1353 0.6031 

1109 302.082 304.905 58.039 4.449 0.1341 0.6924 

1111 302.126 303.623 65.938 4.476 0.1376 0.3730 

1113 302.141 303.944 64.626 4.471 0.1368 0.4439 

1115 302.151 304.278 63.559 4.467 0.1353 0.5198 

1117 302.168 304.650 62.667 4.464 0.1353 0.6029 

1119 302.178 305.028 61.911 4.460 0.1365 0.6923 

2001 321.327 322.975 0.135 4.162 0.1145 0.3556 

2003 321.330 323.297 0.136 4.161 0.1145 0.4233 

2005 321.324 323.627 0.133 4.160 0.1138 0.4957 

2007 321.319 323.941 0.129 4.158 0.1150 0.5749 

2009 321.312 324.328 0.123 4.157 0.1140 0.6601 

2011 320.975 322.406 5.148 4.190 0.1162 0.3556 

2013 320.960 322.692 5.124 4.189 0.1160 0.4234 

2015 320.951 323.222 5.105 4.186 0.1162 0.4963 

2017 320.945 323.572 5.094 4.185 0.1161 0.5757 

2019 320.947 323.960 5.091 4.183 0.1157 0.6610 

2021 321.084 322.709 10.277 4.213 0.1175 0.3560 

2023 321.103 323.045 10.289 4.211 0.1180 0.4238 

2025 321.123 323.400 10.300 4.210 0.1178 0.4963 

2027 321.144 323.783 10.316 4.209 0.1171 0.5756 

2029 321.162 324.191 10.334 4.207 0.1187 0.6608 

2031 320.956 322.481 19.958 4.256 0.1208 0.3562 
133

2033 320.952 322.769 19.953 4.255 0.1216 0.4240 

2035 320.954 323.090 19.953 4.253 0.1212 0.4964 

2037 320.968 323.454 19.959 4.252 0.1214 0.5758 

2039 320.973 323.831 19.971 4.251 0.1210 0.6610 

2041 321.196 322.736 30.236 4.296 0.1253 0.3560 

2043 321.219 323.061 30.248 4.294 0.1245 0.4238 

2045 321.235 323.400 30.258 4.293 0.1247 0.4963 

2047 321.251 323.764 30.269 4.292 0.1247 0.5757 

2049 321.268 324.159 30.280 4.291 0.1251 0.6610 

2051 321.207 322.736 40.378 4.333 0.1285 0.3561 

2053 321.185 322.993 40.359 4.332 0.1283 0.4239 

2055 321.167 323.271 40.341 4.331 0.1281 0.4964 

2057 321.151 323.585 40.332 4.329 0.1274 0.5756 

2059 321.131 323.912 40.323 4.328 0.1283 0.6608 

2061 321.286 322.764 50.582 4.367 0.1315 0.3560 

2063 321.309 323.076 50.601 4.366 0.1311 0.4237 

2065 321.328 323.407 50.620 4.365 0.1313 0.4961 

2067 321.345 323.764 50.636 4.364 0.1303 0.5754 

2069 321.359 324.139 50.652 4.363 0.1314 0.6607 

2071 321.419 322.936 60.482 4.398 0.1338 0.3559 

2073 321.406 323.197 60.463 4.397 0.1337 0.4236 

2075 321.392 323.474 60.441 4.396 0.1343 0.4960 

2077 321.371 323.768 60.420 4.395 0.1340 0.5754 

2079 321.357 324.091 60.395 4.394 0.1346 0.6606 

2081 321.163 322.519 69.044 4.425 0.1360 0.3562 

2083 321.159 322.785 69.016 4.424 0.1375 0.4239 

2085 321.160 323.069 68.990 4.423 0.1364 0.4964 

2087 321.167 323.392 68.969 4.422 0.1360 0.5758 

2089 321.179 323.753 68.947 4.421 0.1358 0.6611 

3001 337.824 339.476 0.188 4.092 0.1106 0.3422 

3003 337.828 339.786 0.193 4.091 0.1116 0.4074 

3005 337.834 340.125 0.197 4.089 0.1117 0.4771 

3007 337.838 340.487 0.202 4.088 0.1117 0.5533 

3009 337.843 340.874 0.205 4.086 0.1118 0.6353 

3011 337.913 339.475 5.412 4.121 0.1139 0.3422 

3013 337.917 339.778 5.415 4.120 0.1138 0.4073 

3015 337.917 340.102 5.418 4.118 0.1139 0.4769 

3017 337.922 340.460 5.421 4.117 0.1141 0.5532 

3019 337.925 340.842 5.424 4.115 0.1136 0.6352 

3021 337.965 339.518 10.140 4.145 0.1156 0.3421 

3023 337.969 339.817 10.141 4.144 0.1157 0.4072 

3025 337.970 340.136 10.128 4.142 0.1161 0.4770 

3027 337.977 340.490 10.124 4.141 0.1159 0.5534 

3029 337.979 340.866 10.122 4.139 0.1162 0.6355 

3031 338.036 339.548 20.415 4.193 0.1197 0.3423 

3033 338.037 339.836 20.412 4.192 0.1199 0.4075 
134

3035 338.039 340.147 20.410 4.191 0.1201 0.4772 

3037 338.040 340.490 20.409 4.190 0.1199 0.5535 

3039 338.043 340.854 20.408 4.189 0.1194 0.6356 

3041 338.095 339.574 30.197 4.235 0.1233 0.3423 

3043 338.098 339.859 30.204 4.234 0.1236 0.4074 

3045 338.102 340.163 30.213 4.233 0.1237 0.4770 

3047 338.098 340.487 30.222 4.232 0.1231 0.5531 

3049 338.100 340.844 30.228 4.231 0.1237 0.6351 

3051 338.131 339.566 40.187 4.274 0.1267 0.3423 

3053 338.138 339.848 40.184 4.273 0.1274 0.4075 

3055 338.138 340.141 40.182 4.272 0.1269 0.4772 

3057 338.142 340.468 40.180 4.271 0.1268 0.5535 

3059 338.137 340.812 40.181 4.270 0.1268 0.6355 

3061 338.173 339.564 50.546 4.312 0.1299 0.3423 

3063 338.173 339.834 50.541 4.311 0.1298 0.4075 

3065 338.176 340.125 50.536 4.310 0.1299 0.4771 

3067 338.180 340.447 50.534 4.309 0.1295 0.5535 

3069 338.177 340.783 50.531 4.308 0.1290 0.6355 

3072 338.203 339.554 60.331 4.345 0.1335 0.3420 

3074 338.208 339.823 60.331 4.344 0.1333 0.4071 

3076 338.202 340.100 60.328 4.343 0.1328 0.4768 

3078 338.203 340.412 60.309 4.342 0.1329 0.5532 

3080 338.207 340.751 60.296 4.341 0.1329 0.6354 

3082 338.226 339.537 69.455 4.374 0.1352 0.3424 

3084 338.231 339.848 69.449 4.373 0.1355 0.4075 

3086 338.229 340.130 69.449 4.372 0.1360 0.4771 

3088 338.232 340.432 69.448 4.371 0.1350 0.5533 

3090 338.229 340.756 69.447 4.370 0.1353 0.6351 

4001 357.955 359.827 0.147 4.004 0.1084 0.3896 

4003 357.975 360.169 0.159 4.003 0.1080 0.4562 

4005 357.987 360.540 0.168 4.001 0.1079 0.5291 

4007 357.999 360.932 0.178 4.000 0.1084 0.6076 

4009 358.015 361.359 0.191 3.998 0.1075 0.6912 

4011 358.334 360.181 0.397 4.004 0.1083 0.3891 

4013 358.346 360.515 0.406 4.003 0.1089 0.4556 

4015 358.358 360.885 0.412 4.001 0.1083 0.5285 

4017 358.373 361.279 0.417 4.000 0.1082 0.6069 

4019 358.388 361.697 0.429 3.998 0.1078 0.6904 

4021 358.506 360.379 5.123 4.033 0.1103 0.3891 

4023 358.516 360.707 5.130 4.032 0.1102 0.4556 

4025 358.528 360.968 5.137 4.031 0.1105 0.5283 

4027 358.538 361.351 5.144 4.029 0.1104 0.6067 

4029 358.549 361.756 5.156 4.028 0.1104 0.6902 

4031 358.653 360.455 10.216 4.062 0.1128 0.3889 

4033 358.664 360.782 10.222 4.061 0.1128 0.4554 

4035 358.669 361.128 10.228 4.060 0.1122 0.5282 
135

4037 358.681 361.505 10.216 4.058 0.1126 0.6069 

4039 358.690 361.902 10.217 4.057 0.1124 0.6906 

4041 358.788 360.533 19.951 4.113 0.1167 0.3892 

4043 358.797 360.846 19.952 4.112 0.1166 0.4557 

4045 358.812 361.190 19.963 4.111 0.1168 0.5285 

4047 358.812 361.543 19.973 4.110 0.1171 0.6067 

4049 358.828 361.934 19.987 4.108 0.1163 0.6902 

4051 358.909 360.580 30.512 4.163 0.1210 0.3889 

4053 358.913 360.877 30.520 4.162 0.1208 0.4553 

4055 358.923 361.206 30.519 4.161 0.1208 0.5282 

4057 358.925 361.552 30.509 4.159 0.1214 0.6068 

4059 358.928 361.924 30.512 4.158 0.1208 0.6904 

4061 359.024 360.680 40.478 4.205 0.1249 0.3892 

4063 359.028 360.971 40.480 4.204 0.1239 0.4557 

4065 359.034 361.285 40.484 4.203 0.1247 0.5286 

4067 359.038 361.630 40.497 4.202 0.1244 0.6067 

4069 359.038 361.987 40.511 4.201 0.1244 0.6901 

4071 359.104 360.680 50.282 4.243 0.1276 0.3891 

4073 359.105 361.014 50.282 4.242 0.1277 0.4557 

4075 359.107 361.322 50.283 4.241 0.1278 0.5286 

4077 359.110 361.650 50.292 4.240 0.1272 0.6068 

4079 359.116 362.007 50.303 4.239 0.1272 0.6903 

4081 359.187 360.744 60.423 4.280 0.1312 0.3890 

4083 359.190 361.021 60.432 4.279 0.1312 0.4554 

4085 359.192 361.324 60.444 4.278 0.1311 0.5282 

4087 359.190 361.643 60.450 4.278 0.1300 0.6064 

4089 359.195 361.988 60.457 4.276 0.1316 0.6899 

4091 359.234 360.768 68.584 4.308 0.1338 0.3891 

4093 359.237 361.040 68.585 4.307 0.1337 0.4556 

4095 359.240 361.339 68.587 4.306 0.1331 0.5283 

4097 359.253 361.666 68.592 4.305 0.1336 0.6064 

4099 359.253 362.000 68.591 4.304 0.1339 0.6899 

5001 377.752 379.509 8.533 3.976 0.1089 0.3737 

5003 377.766 379.832 8.545 3.975 0.1096 0.4376 

5005 377.775 380.174 8.554 3.974 0.1091 0.5075 

5007 377.788 380.549 8.539 3.972 0.1088 0.5832 

5009 377.801 380.946 8.535 3.970 0.1084 0.6637 

5011 377.851 379.684 0.270 3.919 0.1048 0.3736 

5013 377.860 380.004 0.253 3.917 0.1045 0.4379 

5015 377.872 380.368 0.256 3.916 0.1048 0.5080 

5017 377.886 380.704 0.259 3.914 0.1046 0.5832 

5019 377.893 381.104 0.265 3.913 0.1044 0.6635 

5021 377.992 379.748 5.185 3.953 0.1072 0.3735 

5023 378.004 380.074 5.191 3.952 0.1077 0.4374 

5025 378.011 380.418 5.178 3.950 0.1075 0.5077 

5027 378.023 380.795 5.179 3.949 0.1068 0.5830 
136

5029 378.035 381.195 5.181 3.947 0.1064 0.6633 

5031 378.135 379.869 10.373 3.986 0.1097 0.3734 

5033 378.143 380.177 10.379 3.985 0.1096 0.4373 

5035 378.152 380.519 10.384 3.984 0.1101 0.5072 

5037 378.163 380.890 10.379 3.982 0.1096 0.5826 

5039 378.179 381.282 10.373 3.981 0.1102 0.6631 

5041 378.268 379.931 20.142 4.043 0.1146 0.3733 

5043 378.275 380.230 20.150 4.042 0.1144 0.4371 

5045 378.285 380.561 20.156 4.041 0.1139 0.5070 

5047 378.296 380.916 20.156 4.039 0.1139 0.5823 

5049 378.298 381.286 20.141 4.038 0.1140 0.6629 

5051 378.383 379.974 30.345 4.095 0.1183 0.3733 

5053 378.389 380.261 30.353 4.094 0.1179 0.4371 

5055 378.398 380.582 30.360 4.093 0.1188 0.5070 

5057 378.401 380.920 30.367 4.092 0.1185 0.5821 

5059 378.408 381.278 30.373 4.091 0.1184 0.6623 

5061 378.503 380.072 40.331 4.141 0.1226 0.3733 

5063 378.499 380.343 40.338 4.140 0.1225 0.4371 

5065 378.513 380.659 40.343 4.139 0.1215 0.5070 

5067 378.514 380.983 40.339 4.138 0.1222 0.5822 

5069 378.525 381.344 40.323 4.137 0.1225 0.6628 

5071 378.590 380.128 50.227 4.182 0.1260 0.3733 

5073 378.587 380.392 50.231 4.182 0.1260 0.4371 

5075 378.594 380.699 50.237 4.181 0.1261 0.5070 

5077 378.596 381.020 50.242 4.180 0.1261 0.5821 

5079 378.601 381.358 50.246 4.179 0.1263 0.6623 

5081 378.658 380.162 60.412 4.222 0.1295 0.3733 

5083 378.657 380.425 60.420 4.221 0.1289 0.4371 

5085 378.664 380.720 60.425 4.220 0.1295 0.5070 

5087 378.668 381.032 60.429 4.219 0.1298 0.5821 

5089 378.672 381.362 60.432 4.218 0.1291 0.6623 

5091 378.716 380.191 67.328 4.247 0.1307 0.3735 

5093 378.714 380.450 67.139 4.246 0.1307 0.4373 

5095 378.717 380.745 66.955 4.244 0.1309 0.5070 

5097 378.719 381.050 66.766 4.242 0.1309 0.5822 

5099 378.722 381.379 66.576 4.241 0.1310 0.6624 

6001 399.395 401.184 0.108 3.823 0.1016 0.3570 

6003 399.392 401.486 0.108 3.821 0.1006 0.4181 

6005 399.389 401.817 0.114 3.820 0.1009 0.4847 

6007 399.391 402.177 0.119 3.818 0.1015 0.5565 

6009 399.391 402.561 0.120 3.817 0.1010 0.6332 

6011 399.665 401.413 0.268 3.823 0.1013 0.3566 

6013 399.668 401.726 0.268 3.822 0.1008 0.4176 

6015 399.669 402.067 0.253 3.820 0.1010 0.4847 

6017 399.667 402.424 0.248 3.818 0.1007 0.5566 

6019 399.675 402.822 0.245 3.817 0.1008 0.6333 
137

6021 399.683 401.387 5.081 3.862 0.1044 0.3566 

6023 399.687 401.693 5.068 3.861 0.1040 0.4178 

6025 399.682 402.013 5.063 3.860 0.1040 0.4847 

6027 399.683 402.418 5.062 3.858 0.1037 0.5566 

6029 399.683 402.799 5.070 3.856 0.1039 0.6331 

6031 399.702 401.407 10.182 3.900 0.1064 0.3568 

6033 399.701 401.699 10.181 3.899 0.1068 0.4178 

6035 399.699 402.019 10.184 3.897 0.1065 0.4846 

6037 399.698 402.366 10.190 3.896 0.1065 0.5563 

6039 399.694 402.731 10.194 3.895 0.1067 0.6329 

6041 399.732 401.353 20.145 3.965 0.1113 0.3567 

6043 399.730 401.633 20.150 3.964 0.1112 0.4177 

6045 399.725 401.936 20.155 3.963 0.1112 0.4844 

6047 399.726 402.273 20.158 3.961 0.1117 0.5562 

6049 399.729 402.631 20.160 3.960 0.1111 0.6328 

6051 399.751 401.284 30.065 4.021 0.1159 0.3568 

6053 399.749 401.557 30.075 4.020 0.1154 0.4177 

6055 399.746 401.858 30.080 4.019 0.1160 0.4844 

6057 399.750 402.187 30.082 4.018 0.1153 0.5562 

6059 399.745 402.524 30.086 4.017 0.1159 0.6328 

6063 399.767 401.581 40.311 4.071 0.1211 0.4178 

6065 399.763 401.870 40.315 4.071 0.1199 0.4846 

6067 399.762 402.184 40.317 4.070 0.1205 0.5564 

6069 399.760 402.516 40.319 4.068 0.1201 0.6330 

6071 399.777 401.254 49.938 4.116 0.1243 0.3570 

6073 399.779 401.518 49.869 4.115 0.1241 0.4180 

6075 399.776 401.795 49.805 4.114 0.1240 0.4848 

6077 399.775 402.106 49.748 4.113 0.1239 0.5565 

6079 399.773 402.432 49.693 4.112 0.1239 0.6331 

6081 399.793 401.354 55.002 4.138 0.1248 0.3569 

6083 399.783 401.653 53.060 4.129 0.1238 0.4180 

6085 399.777 401.905 51.965 4.123 0.1238 0.4848 

6087 399.775 402.218 51.227 4.119 0.1239 0.5567 

6089 399.769 402.551 50.637 4.115 0.1235 0.6336 

7001 418.662 420.400 0.102 3.736 0.0980 0.3437 

7003 418.670 420.719 0.101 3.734 0.0983 0.4025 

7005 418.675 421.059 0.102 3.733 0.0980 0.4669 

7007 418.673 421.414 0.104 3.731 0.0978 0.5360 

7009 418.679 421.803 0.106 3.729 0.0976 0.6097 

7011 418.723 420.439 5.140 3.782 0.1018 0.3437 

7013 418.725 420.740 5.143 3.781 0.1010 0.4025 

7015 418.731 421.074 5.146 3.780 0.1013 0.4668 

7017 418.729 421.421 5.151 3.778 0.1008 0.5359 

7019 418.738 421.801 5.158 3.777 0.1007 0.6096 

7021 418.811 420.469 10.555 3.827 0.1039 0.3436 

7023 418.822 420.771 10.554 3.825 0.1037 0.4024 
138

7025 418.831 421.100 10.554 3.824 0.1037 0.4668 

7027 418.831 421.439 10.555 3.823 0.1036 0.5360 

7029 418.839 421.814 10.559 3.821 0.1036 0.6098 

7031 418.918 420.525 20.239 3.895 0.1094 0.3436 

7033 418.922 420.806 20.235 3.894 0.1093 0.4025 

7035 418.926 421.116 20.234 3.893 0.1090 0.4669 

7037 418.933 421.456 20.237 3.892 0.1088 0.5360 

7039 418.936 421.808 20.243 3.891 0.1087 0.6098 

7041 418.999 420.554 30.475 3.958 0.1139 0.3437 

7043 419.010 420.833 30.474 3.957 0.1134 0.4025 

7045 419.009 421.128 30.477 3.956 0.1136 0.4669 

7047 419.012 421.444 30.482 3.955 0.1135 0.5359 

7049 419.014 421.786 30.489 3.954 0.1129 0.6097 

7051 419.079 420.583 40.435 4.012 0.1179 0.3436 

7053 419.081 420.849 40.442 4.011 0.1178 0.4023 

7055 419.084 421.137 40.448 4.010 0.1170 0.4666 

7057 419.086 421.451 40.452 4.009 0.1174 0.5357 

7059 419.092 421.790 40.456 4.008 0.1171 0.6095 

7061 419.136 420.591 49.169 4.054 0.1220 0.3435 

7063 419.142 420.856 48.957 4.053 0.1215 0.4022 

7065 419.138 421.136 48.747 4.051 0.1209 0.4665 

7067 419.143 421.446 48.536 4.049 0.1200 0.5357 

7069 419.145 421.767 48.316 4.047 0.1205 0.6098 

8001 439.886 441.678 0.247 3.638 0.0949 0.3305 

8003 439.890 441.940 0.248 3.637 0.0948 0.3869 

8005 439.893 442.271 0.249 3.635 0.0950 0.4488 

8007 439.895 442.630 0.253 3.634 0.0945 0.5153 

8009 439.905 442.968 0.257 3.632 0.0943 0.5862 

8011 439.983 441.663 5.101 3.690 0.0978 0.3302 

8013 439.988 441.957 5.106 3.689 0.0976 0.3866 

8015 439.988 442.275 5.111 3.688 0.0981 0.4484 

8017 439.993 442.627 5.114 3.686 0.0978 0.5149 

8019 439.998 442.998 5.117 3.685 0.0980 0.5858 

8021 440.042 441.693 10.160 3.738 0.1007 0.3303 

8023 440.042 441.979 10.164 3.737 0.1014 0.3867 

8025 440.047 442.295 10.168 3.735 0.1011 0.4485 

8027 440.050 442.631 10.174 3.734 0.1010 0.5149 

8029 440.056 442.997 10.178 3.733 0.1010 0.5858 

8031 440.105 441.633 20.377 3.820 0.1073 0.3303 

8033 440.100 441.901 20.375 3.819 0.1065 0.3868 

8035 440.104 442.198 20.371 3.818 0.1066 0.4487 

8037 440.107 442.522 20.371 3.816 0.1063 0.5152 

8039 440.111 442.868 20.376 3.815 0.1066 0.5861 

8041 440.153 441.664 30.286 3.886 0.1116 0.3304 

8043 440.148 441.920 30.286 3.885 0.1116 0.3869 

8045 440.154 442.210 30.290 3.884 0.1118 0.4487 
139

8047 440.149 442.511 30.295 3.883 0.1119 0.5151 

8049 440.149 442.835 30.301 3.882 0.1119 0.5860 

8051 440.185 441.620 40.345 3.945 0.1156 0.3304 

8053 440.187 441.875 40.332 3.944 0.1162 0.3869 

8055 440.190 442.152 40.321 3.944 0.1159 0.4487 

8057 440.186 442.446 40.315 3.943 0.1157 0.5151 

8059 440.182 442.757 40.307 3.942 0.1160 0.5860 

8061 440.195 441.649 41.920 3.954 0.1166 0.3303 

8063 440.185 441.897 41.449 3.951 0.1161 0.3868 

8065 440.179 442.172 41.049 3.947 0.1168 0.4486 

8067 440.177 442.471 40.704 3.945 0.1159 0.5150 

8069 440.175 442.789 40.401 3.942 0.1159 0.5859 

9001 460.245 461.930 0.191 3.539 0.0917 0.3185 

9003 460.235 462.212 0.192 3.538 0.0915 0.3728 

9005 460.228 462.532 0.193 3.536 0.0917 0.4323 

9007 460.218 462.861 0.194 3.535 0.0914 0.4963 

9009 460.216 463.227 0.194 3.533 0.0914 0.5646 

9011 460.218 461.822 5.456 3.605 0.0952 0.3182 

9013 460.220 462.105 5.458 3.604 0.0956 0.3726 

9015 460.220 462.416 5.462 3.603 0.0959 0.4322 

9017 460.217 462.748 5.463 3.601 0.0955 0.4963 

9019 460.219 463.107 5.460 3.600 0.0953 0.5647 

9021 460.289 461.908 10.329 3.657 0.0991 0.3183 

9023 460.295 462.193 10.334 3.656 0.0988 0.3727 

9025 460.297 462.496 10.338 3.655 0.0987 0.4322 

9027 460.298 462.827 10.341 3.653 0.0989 0.4963 

9029 460.302 463.179 10.344 3.652 0.0984 0.5647 

9031 460.365 461.853 20.311 3.746 0.1053 0.3182 

9033 460.368 462.123 20.315 3.745 0.1043 0.3726 

9035 460.372 462.421 20.317 3.744 0.1038 0.4321 

9037 460.370 462.728 20.312 3.743 0.1047 0.4963 

9039 460.384 463.074 20.305 3.741 0.1044 0.5649 

9041 460.426 461.837 30.198 3.819 0.1095 0.3182 

9043 460.422 462.092 30.202 3.818 0.1094 0.3726 

9045 460.425 462.374 30.204 3.817 0.1099 0.4322 

9047 460.424 462.669 30.201 3.816 0.1097 0.4963 

9049 460.427 462.996 30.193 3.815 0.1098 0.5649 

9055 460.479 462.392 39.784 3.878 0.1141 0.4324 

9057 460.484 462.687 39.721 3.876 0.1139 0.4966 

9059 460.485 462.993 39.661 3.875 0.1141 0.5650 

9061 460.535 461.966 42.387 3.894 0.1158 0.3184 

9063 460.531 462.217 41.417 3.888 0.1146 0.3729 

9065 460.530 462.503 40.644 3.882 0.1144 0.4325 

9067 460.525 462.792 40.011 3.878 0.1141 0.4966 

9069 460.522 463.106 39.488 3.874 0.1145 0.5650 

10001 480.862 482.558 0.238 3.435 0.0890 0.3068 
140

10003 480.867 482.860 0.237 3.433 0.0889 0.3593 

10005 480.871 483.185 0.238 3.432 0.0885 0.4167 

10007 480.877 483.536 0.237 3.430 0.0887 0.4785 

10009 480.884 483.913 0.238 3.428 0.0886 0.5444 

10011 480.929 482.553 5.166 3.508 0.0925 0.3069 

10013 480.929 482.830 5.169 3.507 0.0929 0.3593 

10015 480.932 483.146 5.175 3.505 0.0926 0.4167 

10017 480.932 483.468 5.178 3.504 0.0928 0.4784 

10019 480.935 483.830 5.181 3.502 0.0925 0.5443 

10021 480.979 482.557 10.227 3.570 0.0962 0.3070 

10023 480.976 482.826 10.228 3.569 0.0957 0.3594 

10025 480.978 483.127 10.229 3.568 0.0964 0.4169 

10027 480.978 483.446 10.233 3.566 0.0960 0.4786 

10029 480.980 483.787 10.239 3.565 0.0964 0.5445 

10042 481.072 482.521 20.214 3.670 0.1023 0.3197 

10044 481.072 482.776 20.215 3.669 0.1021 0.3744 

10046 481.073 483.049 20.216 3.668 0.1022 0.4343 

10048 481.070 483.337 20.219 3.667 0.1022 0.4986 

10050 481.076 483.661 20.222 3.666 0.1020 0.5672 

10052 481.134 482.424 30.227 3.751 0.1078 0.3197 

10054 481.129 482.655 30.227 3.750 0.1077 0.3744 

10056 481.130 482.916 30.222 3.749 0.1079 0.4344 

10058 481.131 483.194 30.220 3.748 0.1077 0.4987 

10060 481.125 483.534 30.218 3.747 0.1075 0.5676 

10062 481.147 482.429 38.228 3.806 0.1116 0.3199 

10064 481.146 482.659 37.952 3.803 0.1114 0.3745 

10066 481.136 482.901 37.705 3.801 0.1113 0.4344 

10068 481.130 483.169 37.478 3.799 0.1111 0.4988 

10070 481.125 483.452 37.265 3.796 0.1110 0.5676 

11001 501.375 503.024 0.450 3.328 0.0858 0.3080 

11003 501.377 503.253 0.451 3.327 0.0857 0.3607 

11005 501.380 503.568 0.453 3.325 0.0857 0.4183 

11007 501.387 503.900 0.451 3.323 0.0857 0.4804 

11009 501.387 504.255 0.450 3.321 0.0855 0.5466 

11011 501.401 502.944 5.134 3.412 0.0899 0.3079 

11013 501.399 503.212 5.135 3.410 0.0898 0.3607 

11015 501.400 503.506 5.135 3.409 0.0898 0.4183 

11017 501.399 503.819 5.136 3.408 0.0897 0.4803 

11019 501.401 504.162 5.137 3.406 0.0897 0.5465 

11021 501.412 502.906 10.181 3.483 0.0936 0.3079 

11023 501.412 503.165 10.182 3.482 0.0936 0.3607 

11025 501.408 503.446 10.183 3.481 0.0935 0.4183 

11027 501.406 503.750 10.183 3.480 0.0934 0.4803 

11029 501.407 504.076 10.183 3.478 0.0934 0.5465 

11031 501.406 502.853 15.115 3.542 0.0970 0.3080 

11033 501.401 503.103 15.115 3.541 0.0969 0.3607 
141

11035 501.409 503.383 15.116 3.540 0.0969 0.4183 

11037 501.400 503.671 15.117 3.539 0.0968 0.4803 

11039 501.405 503.988 15.118 3.538 0.0968 0.5465 

11041 501.410 502.814 20.195 3.595 0.1001 0.3081 

11043 501.410 503.060 20.197 3.594 0.1000 0.3607 

11045 501.405 503.317 20.199 3.593 0.1000 0.4183 

11047 501.401 503.600 20.199 3.592 0.1000 0.4803 

11049 501.399 503.898 20.199 3.591 0.0999 0.5465 

11051 501.398 502.754 25.203 3.642 0.1030 0.3080 

11053 501.401 502.993 25.200 3.641 0.1029 0.3608 

11055 501.402 503.252 25.199 3.640 0.1028 0.4185 

11057 501.395 503.526 25.198 3.639 0.1027 0.4805 

11059 501.391 503.824 25.199 3.638 0.1028 0.5466 

11061 501.381 502.704 30.260 3.684 0.1057 0.3080 

11063 501.380 502.934 30.256 3.683 0.1057 0.3608 

11065 501.375 503.183 30.255 3.682 0.1057 0.4185 

11067 501.375 503.456 30.253 3.681 0.1055 0.4805 

11069 501.375 503.745 30.254 3.681 0.1056 0.5466 

11071 501.376 502.588 35.386 3.724 0.1083 0.3079 

11073 501.375 502.812 35.385 3.723 0.1082 0.3606 

11075 501.370 503.056 35.384 3.722 0.1083 0.4183 

11077 501.370 503.327 35.376 3.721 0.1081 0.4804 

11079 501.367 503.609 35.372 3.720 0.1084 0.5466 

11081 501.373 502.620 39.367 3.752 0.1103 0.3079 

11083 501.372 502.848 39.213 3.750 0.1100 0.3607 

11085 501.376 503.100 39.068 3.748 0.1101 0.4184 

11087 501.375 503.356 38.930 3.746 0.1101 0.4804 

11089 501.371 503.639 38.799 3.745 0.1101 0.5465