J-S81004-17

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

DENESHYA AUGUSTA POOLE 

Appellant

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 554 MDA 2017

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence October 21, 2016

In the Court of Common Pleas of Lycoming County 

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-41-CR-0000001-2016

BEFORE: PANELLA, J., STABILE, J., and PLATT, J.

MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, J. FILED APRIL 24, 2018

Deneshya Augusta Poole appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered in the Lycoming County Court of Common Pleas, following her 

conviction for false reports to law enforcement authorities.

1 We affirm. 

Appellant is an inmate at SCI Muncy. On May 26, 2015, Appellant 

contacted the facility’s Prison Rape Elimination Act (“PREA” or the “Act”), now 

codified at 34 U.S.C.A. §§ 30301-30309, compliance manager to allege that 

a correctional officer, Hannah Adrian, watched Appellant through a window in 

her cell as Appellant used the restroom. PREA makes voyeurism a punishable 

offense. The compliance manager forwarded Appellant’s allegation to an 

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 Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4906(a).
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investigatory officer, who conducted interviews, reviewed video footage from 

the date in question, and ultimately deemed the allegation unfounded. 

The Commonwealth then charged Appellant with making false reports 

to law enforcement authorities. The matter proceeded to trial and a jury 

returned with a guilty verdict. The court sentenced Appellant to six to twentyfour months’ imprisonment, to run concurrently with the unrelated sentence 

for which she is currently incarcerated. Appellant filed post-sentence motions, 

which were denied by operation of law. This appeal is now before us.

Appellant raises several issues on appeal, which we, for clarity, organize

into three claims: the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to entertain 

the false reports claim; the verdict is against the weight of the evidence; and 

the Commonwealth failed to present sufficient evidence to convict Appellant 

of false reports. We address each issue in turn.

Appellant reasons that PREA expressly precludes any prosecution for the 

crime of false reports where an inmate has made an allegation of sexual 

abuse. She argues PREA stripped the trial court of subject matter jurisdiction 

to hear this case. We disagree.

Subject matter jurisdiction relates to the power of a court to hear and 

rule upon the controversy presented. See Commonwealth v. Bethea, 828 

A.2d 1066, 1074 (Pa. 2003). Every Court of Common Pleas in Pennsylvania 

has subject matter jurisdiction to hear a controversy arising out of allegations 

of criminal activity occurring in Pennsylvania. See id. 
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“For the purpose of disciplinary action, a report of sexual abuse made 

in good faith, based upon a reasonable belief that the alleged conduct 

occurred, shall not constitute falsely reporting an incident or lying, even if an 

investigation does not establish evidence sufficient to substantiate the 

allegation.” 28 C.F.R. § 115.78(f).2 The Act organizes allegations into three 

categories—substantiated, unsubstantiated, and unfounded. See 28 C.F.R. § 

115.5. An unsubstantiated allegation derives from an investigation that is 

inconclusive. See id. By contrast, an unfounded allegation is one determined 

to be false. See id.

The Act prohibits prosecution of persons who report sexual abuse and 

whose claims are unsubstantiated following an inconclusive investigation. See

28 C.F.R. § 115.78(f). The Act does not protect from prosecution persons who, 

like Appellant, report sexual abuse and whose claims are explicitly deemed

false. See id. Consequently, Appellant’s jurisdictional claim is without merit. 

In Appellant’s second challenge, she claims the verdict is not supported 

by the weight of the evidence. Though Appellant properly preserved this 

weight claim in her post-sentence motions, her appellate brief offers only 

generic weight law, and lacks relevant argument. She instead refers the 

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2 PREA was enacted by the United States Congress in 2003, at P.L. 108-79. 

Pennsylvania’s state prisons are required to comply with the Act, and the 

Pennsylvania Department of Justice publishes PREA reports annually. See

Pennsylvania Department of Corrections Annual and SVV Reports, last visited 

3/26/18, available at: 

http://www.cor.pa.gov/General%20Information/PrisonRapeEliminationAct(P

REA)/Pages/DOC-PREA-Statistics.aspx.
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reader to her previous argument sections regarding sufficiency. Weight and 

sufficiency are separate claims; a weight of the evidence claim actually

“concedes that there is sufficient evidence to sustain the verdict.” 

Commonwealth v. Rivera, 983 A.2d 1211, 1220 n.8 (Pa. 2009) (citation 

omitted). However, because Appellant does not present relevant argument to 

support this challenge, we find she has waived the weight issue by discussing 

the sufficiency of the evidence in the guise of a separate weight claim.3 See

Pa.R.A.P. 2111 (listing requirements for presenting cognizable issue on 

appeal). Thus, we will instead evaluate her remaining sufficiency claim. 

Our standard of review for a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence 

is to determine whether, when viewed in a light most favorable to the verdict 

winner, the evidence at trial and all reasonable inferences therefrom are 

sufficient for the trier of fact to find each element of the crimes charged is 

established beyond a reasonable doubt. See Commonwealth v. Dale, 836 

A.2d 150, 152 (Pa. Super. 2003).

“[T]he facts and circumstances established by the Commonwealth need 

not preclude every possibility of innocence.” Commonwealth v. Bruce, 916 

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3 A verdict is said to be contrary to the evidence such that it shocks one’s 

sense of justice when “the figure of Justice totters on her pedestal,” or when 

“the jury’s verdict, at the time of its rendition, causes the trial judge to lose 

his breath, temporarily, and causes him to almost fall from the bench, then it 

is truly shocking to the judicial conscience.” Commonwealth v. Davidson, 

860 A.2d 575, 581 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citations omitted), aff’d, 938 A.2d 198 

(Pa. 2007). Had we addressed this claim on the merits, we would have found 

the verdict does not in any respect shock one’s sense of justice. The figure of 

Justice is firmly rooted to her pedestal.
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A.2d 657, 661 (Pa. Super. 2007) (citation omitted). Any doubt raised as to 

the accused’s guilt is to be resolved by the fact-finder. See Commonwealth 

v. Kinney, 863 A.2d 581, 584 (Pa. Super. 2004). “As an appellate court, we 

do not assess credibility nor do we assign weight to any of the testimony of 

record.” Id. (citation omitted). Therefore, we will not disturb the verdict 

“unless the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no 

probability of fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances.” Bruce, 

916 A.2d at 661 (citation omitted). Evidence is weak and inconclusive “[w]hen 

two equally reasonable and mutually inconsistent inferences can be drawn 

from the same set of circumstances....” Commonwealth v. Woong Knee 

New, 47 A.2d 450, 468 (Pa. 1946). “The Commonwealth may sustain its 

burden of proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt by 

means of wholly circumstantial evidence.” Commonwealth v. Gibbs, 981 

A.2d 274, 281 (Pa. Super. 2009) (citations omitted).

Appellant’s final challenge contests three of the elements of her 

conviction for false reports. Appellant contends she did not knowingly give 

false information, because she was unaware her claim would be investigated

or that she was implicating C.O. Adrian in a crime. Appellant also asserts her 

allegation was not knowingly false, because she believed C.O. Adrian had 

watched her use the restroom. Additionally, Appellant argues the 

Commonwealth failed to present evidence that the deputy who took her report 

or the investigating officer were “law enforcement officers” as required by the 

crime of false reports. These contentions are wholly without merit.
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“[A] person who knowingly gives false information to any law 

enforcement officer with intent to implicate another commits a misdemeanor 

of the second degree.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4906(a). Thus, the Commonwealth 

must establish four elements to prove this crime: “(1) the defendant must 

have made the statement to a law enforcement officer; (2) the defendant’s 

statement must be false; (3) the defendant must know the statement is false; 

and (4) the defendant must intend to implicate another.” Commonwealth v. 

Soto, 650 A.2d 108, 110 (Pa. Super. 1994) (citation omitted). A law 

enforcement officer “is any person who is by law given the power to enforce 

the law when acting within the scope of that person’s employment.” 

Pa.R.Crim.P. 103. 

At trial, the Commonwealth presented several witnesses. SCI Muncy’s 

Deputy Superintendent William Frantz testified first. He was the PREA 

compliance manager at the time of the allegation. See N.T. Trial, 4/5/16, at 

36. In this position, he was responsible for training correctional officers on 

PREA requirements, and processing paperwork for sexual assault 

investigations in accordance with the policy. See id. 

He stated he interviewed Appellant on May 26, 2015, about an incident 

Appellant alleged happened on May 14, 2015. See id., at 41. He testified he 

was unaware of why Appellant waited nearly two weeks to report this incident. 

See id. Appellant informed Deputy Frantz that C.O. Hannah Adrian had 

watched Appellant as she used the toilet in her cell. See id., at 37. Appellant 

reported to Deputy Frantz that she told C.O. Adrian she was using the toilet, 
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and the C.O. nevertheless continued to look in her cell window and watch her. 

See id., at 38. Deputy Frantz testified that, if verified, this incident would 

constitute voyeurism. See id., at 36. Deputy Frantz simultaneously filled out 

the paperwork to initiate the investigation while he was conducting the 

interview with Appellant. See id., at 37. Deputy Frantz submitted this 

paperwork to the security office for investigation. See id., at 39. 

C.O. Hannah Adrian then testified. She stated that on May 14, 2015, 

she walked to Appellant’s cell in the Restricted Housing Unit to inform 

Appellant she had a visitor waiting for her. See id., at 48-49. Two other 

correctional officers also accompanied her to Appellant’s cell, per prison 

protocol. See id., at 49. C.O. Adrian indicated she heard Appellant shout that 

she was using the toilet, and so she waited with the two other officers some 

distance away from Appellant’s cell. See id., at 51. C.O. Adrian asserted that 

although the entirety of the cell is completely visible through the windows, 

she was facing away from the cell while she waited for Appellant. See id., at 

51. Once Appellant declared she was finished and the three correctional 

officers prepared her for her visit, Appellant told C.O. Adrian she was “going 

to fuck [her] up.” Id. at 55. In response, C.O. Adrian wrote Appellant a 

misconduct report for threatening her.

The intelligence gathering captain for the prison, Shawn Waltman, 

testified after C.O. Adrian. Captain Waltman stated he conducted the 

investigation on the report Appellant made. See id., at 63. He reviewed 

relevant videotape from the closed-circuit television monitoring in Appellant’s 
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housing block. See id., at 64. Appellant stipulated the video was authentic, 

and the Commonwealth played the tape for the jury. See id., at 67. 

Captain Waltman described the location of Appellant’s cell as seen in the 

tape, and pointed out that C.O. Adrian and the other officers were standing 

several feet away, with C.O. Adrian’s back to the cell. See id., at 67-68. 

Captain Waltman also testified about the statements he took from C.O. Adrian 

and the two accompanying officers. See id., at 71. He used this information 

to determine Appellant’s allegation was unfounded. See id. He confirmed that 

an unfounded PREA allegation is not made in good faith, because “we were 

able to prove beyond a shadow of a doubt that the incident did not occur.” 

Id., at 80. He also testified that a correctional officer deemed to have violated 

PREA is subject to firing and outside prosecution. See id., at 72. Any PREA 

allegation must also be reported to the state police. See id., at 81.

The defense presented no additional evidence or testimony, and the jury 

convicted Appellant of false reports. 

Based on the foregoing, we find the Commonwealth presented sufficient 

evidence to prove each element of this offense. Deputy Frantz and Captain 

Waltman testified that, as part of their employment with the prison, they are 

tasked with investigating and enforcing discipline for alleged PREA violations. 

Deputy Frantz testified that Appellant saw him fill out the paperwork to start 

a PREA investigation during their interview. Appellant accused C.O. Adrian of 

a serious offense, voyeurism, which is a violation of PREA. The Commonwealth 

played a videotape showing that C.O. Adrian was several feet away from 
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Appellant’s cell at the time Appellant alleged C.O. Adrian was watching her. 

C.O. Adrian testified Appellant said she wanted to “fuck [C.O. Adrian] up,” and 

she wrote a misconduct report for Appellant’s behavior. 

Taken in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth as the verdict 

winner, the evidence was sufficient to show Appellant made a knowingly false 

statement to Deputy Frantz, with the intent to implicate C.O. Adrian in a crime. 

Thus, the evidence presented was sufficient to convict Appellant of false 

reports to law enforcement authorities. Accordingly, we affirm Appellant’s 

judgment of sentence.

Judgment of sentence affirmed. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 04/24/18