## Alpine Geophysics, LLC 

# Memo

To: Priscilla Ligh

From: Dennis McNally

CC:

Date: March 4, 2010 (finalized March 29, 2010)*

Re: Hawaii BART/RP Supplem ental Modeling Results

This memo outlines the modeled impacts for the Subject-to-BART, Reasonable Progress (RP), and the combined impacts for facilities with both Subject- to-BART and RP sources as identified by the Hawaii Department of Health, Clean Air Branch (CAB). Th e list of facilities is presented in Table 1. The CALMET/CALPUFF modeling approach was iden tical to the Subject to BART modeling 1

. This modeling extended the Subject-to-BART modeli ng analysis by looking at the Haleakala (HALE1 and HACR1) and Hawaii Volcanoe s (HAVO1) IMPROVE sites. The Subject-to-BART report followed the Subject- to-BART and RP Prio ritization Modeling Protocol for th e State of Hawaii, November 30, 2009, and presented results only at the discrete receptor grids withinthe Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes Class 1 areas. The modeling paramete rs for the IMPROVE monitor sites are listed in Tables 2 through 7. Parameters for HALE1 and HAVO1 are primarily from the Federal Land Managers’ Air Quality Related Values Workgroup (FLAG) Phase I Report – Revise d (FLAG, 2008). Parameters for HACR1 were provided by CAB.

Tables for each of BART eligible sources are presen ted. For each facility the top 8 visibility impacts ( Δ dv) are presented for both Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes class 1 areas (the same values presented in the Subject-to-BART modeling report), and at the IMPROVE monitors. Values where the visibility impacts for the top 1-7 impacts (higher that 98 thpercentile) exceed the 0.5 Δ dv threshold are shaded yellow. Values where the visibilities for the 8 thhigh (the 98 thpercentile) exceed the threshold are shaded red. Tables for each BART eligible source are presented in Tables 8-15.

For the RP sources, the CALMET/CA LPUFF modeling system was applie d for both the Class 1 discrete receptors and the IMPROVE monitor sites. Results for each of the RP sources are presented in Tables 16- 23.

1 “ Subject-to-Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Mode ling for the State of Hawaii: Application of the CALPUFF Modeling System” Prepared by Alpine Geophysics, LLC, Prepared for Hawaii Department of Health, Environmental Management Division, Clean Air Branch, March, 2010.

1For facilities that have both BARTeligible and RP sources it was desired to look at the combined impacts. This combination was performed by combin ing the BART eligible and RP source concentration files using the CALSUM processor. Th en using POSTUTIL to perform the HNO 3 /NO 3 partitioning on the summed file, then using CALPOST to calculate th e visibility impacts. Results for each of the facilities with both BART e ligible and RP sources are presented in Tables 24-28.

Table 1 BART-eligible /RP-eligible Sou rces identified by Clean Air Branch.

Facilities BART-eligible RP-eligible Chevron Refinery X Tesoro Refinery X X HECO – Kahe X X HECO – Waiau X X HC&S Puunene X X MECO – Kahului X X HELCO – Kanoelehua Hill X Hu Honua Bioenergy, LLC - Pepeekeo (formerly Hilo Coast) X

Kauai Utilities – Port Allen 1 X HECO-Honolulu Generating Station X HELCO – Puna Generating Station X HELCO – Shipman X
1 The Kauai Utilities – Port Allen plant was exclud ed from the CALPUFF analysis based on the Q/D screening analysis.

Table 2. IMPROVE Site Coordinates

Site Code State Lat Long Elev (m) Haleakala Crater HACR1 HI 20.7585 -156.2479 2158

Haleakala NP HALE1 HI 20.8086 -156.2823 1153 Hawaii Volcanoes NP HAVO1 HI 19.4309 -155.2579 1258

2Table 3. Background Extinction Co efficients (20% Best Days). Background Extinction Coe fficients (20% Best Days)

Class I Area (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 μ g/m3 NH 4 NO 3 Μ g/m3 OM μ g/m3 EC μ g/m3 Soil μ g/m3 CM μ g/m3 Sea Salt μ g/m3 Rayleigh Mm-1 Haleakala National Park (HALE1) 2000-2004 0.05 0.04 0.24 0.01 0.11 1.59 0.13 10 Haleakala National Park (HACR1) 2007-2008 0.031 0.023 0.024 0.002 0.048 0.330 0.098 9.000

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HAVO1) 2000-2004 0.03 0.04 0.27 0.01 0.06 0.64 0.11 10

Table 4. Background Extinction Co efficients (Annual Average Days). Background Extinction Coefficients (Annual Average Days)

Class I Area (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 μ g/m3 NH 4 NO 3 Μ g/m3 OM μ g/m3 EC μ g/m3 Soil μ g/m3 CM μ g/m3 Sea Salt μ g/m3 Rayleigh Mm-1 Haleakala National Park (HALE1) 2000-2004 0.12 0.10 0.57 0.02 0.23 2.93 0.25 10 Haleakala National Park (HACR1) 2007-2008 0.115 0.100 0.239 0.020 0.231 1.276 0.165 9.000

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HAVO1) 2000-2004 0..12 0.10 0.45 0.02 0.16 1.42 0..29 10

3Table 5. Monthly f L (RH) – Large (NH 4 ) 2 SO4 and NH 4 NO 3 Relative Humidity Adjustment Factor.

Class I Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Haleakala National Park (HALE1 & HACR1) 2.34 2.27 2.25 2.20 2.13 2.09 2.16 2.14 2.10 2.19 2.33 2.30

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HAVO1) 2.56 2.45 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.45 2.53 2.59 2.55 2.57 2.78 2.55

Table 6. Monthly f S (RH) – Small (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 Relative Humidity Adjustment Factor.

Class I Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Haleakala National Park (HALE 1 & HACR1) 2.98 2.85 2.81 2.72 2.60 2.53 2.65 2.63 2.56 2.69 2.95 2.89

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HAVO1) 3.35 3.10 3.14 3.13 3.14 3.11 3.24 3.42 3.34 3.38 3.76 3.34

Table 7. Monthly f SS (RH) – Sea Salt Relative Hu midity Adjustment Factor.

Class I Area Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Haleakala National Park (HALE 1 & HACR1)) 3.52 3.43 3.40 3.35 3.25 3.18 3.29 3.27 3.22 3.33 3.52 3.47

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HAVO1) 3.80 3.68 3.71 3.72 3.72 3.69 3.79 3.83 3.79 3.83 4.08 3.80

4Table 8. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the HC&S Puunene BART Eligible sources operating on either ba gasse or coal. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 th percentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 thpercentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HC&S Puunene (Bagasse) 1 0.119 0.029 0.127 0.018 0.102 HC&S Puunene (Bagasse) 2 0.102 0.024 0.077 0.013 0.094 HC&S Puunene (Bagasse) 3 0.101 0.017 0.076 0.008 0.082 HC&S Puunene (Bagasse) 4 0.090 0.011 0.066 0.007 0.063 HC&S Puunene (Bagasse) 5 0.061 0.010 0.063 0.006 0.063 HC&S Puunene (Bagasse) 6 0.060 0.010 0.055 0.005 0.058 HC&S Puunene (Bagasse) 7 0.059 0.009 0.046 0.005 0.056 HC&S Puunene (Bagasse) 8 0.059 0.008 0.046 0.004 0.051 HC&S Puunene (Coal) 1 0.236 0.094 0.204 0.065 0.251 HC&S Puunene (Coal) 2 0.224 0.092 0.200 0.060 0.209 HC&S Puunene (Coal) 3 0.184 0.090 0.167 0.055 0.166 HC&S Puunene (Coal) 4 0.181 0.089 0.165 0.045 0.162 HC&S Puunene (Coal) 5 0.170 0.073 0.147 0.043 0.159 HC&S Puunene (Coal) 6 0.150 0.073 0.129 0.025 0.154 HC&S Puunene (Coal) 7 0.140 0.053 0.120 0.025 0.145 HC&S Puunene (Coal) 8 0.133 0.039 0.119 0.025 0.131

Table 9. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the Chevron Refinery BART Eligible sources . Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 thpercentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Chevron Refinery 1 0.208 0.055 0.212 0.032 0.243 Chevron Refinery 2 0.135 0.032 0.145 0.019 0.158 Chevron Refinery 3 0.083 0.025 0.094 0.016 0.097 Chevron Refinery 4 0.082 0.019 0.085 0.014 0.096 Chevron Refinery 5 0.060 0.019 0.044 0.014 0.058 Chevron Refinery 6 0.031 0.017 0.038 0.013 0.036 Chevron Refinery 7 0.029 0.017 0.029 0.011 0.034 Chevron Refinery 8 0.021 0.016 0.024 0.011 0.024

5Table 10. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the Tesoro Refinery BART Eligible sources . Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 thpercentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Tesoro Refinery 1 0.237 0.062 0.242 0.035 0.276 Tesoro Refinery 2 0.173 0.038 0.186 0.022 0.201 Tesoro Refinery 3 0.099 0.033 0.105 0.020 0.115 Tesoro Refinery 4 0.092 0.027 0.102 0.019 0.106 Tesoro Refinery 5 0.079 0.023 0.056 0.016 0.074 Tesoro Refinery 6 0.040 0.019 0.051 0.015 0.047 Tesoro Refinery 7 0.027 0.019 0.029 0.014 0.032 Tesoro Refinery 8 0.025 0.017 0.027 0.014 0.029

Table 11. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the Ho Honua Bioenergy - Pepeekeo BART Eligible sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 th percentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Hu Honua Bioenergy – Pepeekeo 1 0.444 1.660 0.450 0.809 0.517 Hu Honua Bioenergy – Pepeekeo 2 0.444 1.102 0.342 0.663 0.431 Hu Honua Bioenergy – Pepeekeo 3 0.404 1.067 0.308 0.464 0.362 Hu Honua Bioenergy – Pepeekeo 4 0.398 0.689 0.278 0.457 0.354 Hu Honua Bioenergy – Pepeekeo 5 0.376 0.651 0.258 0.430 0.324 Hu Honua Bioenergy – Pepeekeo 6 0.373 0.552 0.257 0.392 0.306 Hu Honua Bioenergy – Pepeekeo 7 0.364 0.551 0.253 0.380 0.304 Hu Honua Bioenergy – Pepeekeo 8 0.323 0.540 0.240 0.364 0.300

6Table 12. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the MECO - Kahului BART Eligible sources . Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 thpercentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv MECO - Kahului 1 0.566 0.250 0.507 0.157 0.616 MECO - Kahului 2 0.467 0.250 0.431 0.155 0.478 MECO - Kahului 3 0.447 0.240 0.335 0.138 0.371 MECO - Kahului 4 0.363 0.238 0.333 0.109 0.353 MECO - Kahului 5 0.345 0.183 0.316 0.102 0.333 MECO - Kahului 6 0.298 0.163 0.305 0.078 0.258 MECO - Kahului 7 0.289 0.163 0.290 0.071 0.252 MECO - Kahului 8 0.232 0.108 0.227 0.069 0.247

Table 13. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the HELCO Kanoelehua Hill BART Eligible so urces. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1- 7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 thpercentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HELCO Kanoelehua Hill 1 1.132 4.681 0.947 1.791 1.177 HELCO Kanoelehua Hill 2 1.023 4.088 0.824 1.779 0.971 HELCO Kanoelehua Hill 3 0.872 2.967 0.664 1.668 0.809 HELCO Kanoelehua Hill 4 0.865 2.879 0.630 1.517 0.798 HELCO Kanoelehua Hill 5 0.856 2.759 0.591 1.505 0.780 HELCO Kanoelehua Hill 6 0.846 2.448 0.581 1.490 0.735 HELCO Kanoelehua Hill 7 0.812 2.403 0.554 1.375 0.683 HELCO Kanoelehua Hill 8 0.808 2.334 0.547 1.351 0.648

7Table 14. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Vo lcanoes for the HECO - Waiau BART Eligible sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 th percentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HECO - Waiau 1 0.573 0.211 0.620 0.165 0.664 HECO - Waiau 2 0.512 0.131 0.518 0.102 0.596 HECO - Waiau 3 0.251 0.117 0.257 0.080 0.288 HECO - Waiau 4 0.248 0.111 0.225 0.057 0.232 HECO - Waiau 5 0.211 0.092 0.175 0.057 0.223 HECO - Waiau 6 0.193 0.071 0.168 0.041 0.211 HECO - Waiau 7 0.103 0.039 0.130 0.036 0.119 HECO - Waiau 8 0.083 0.038 0.089 0.026 0.089

Table 15. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the HECO - Kahe BART Eligible sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 th percentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HECO - Kahe 1 1.277 0.299 1.318 0.179 1.474 HECO - Kahe 2 1.153 0.286 1.255 0.177 1.330 HECO - Kahe 3 0.707 0.222 0.797 0.170 0.815 HECO - Kahe 4 0.686 0.198 0.683 0.159 0.760 HECO - Kahe 5 0.656 0.196 0.473 0.125 0.625 HECO - Kahe 6 0.381 0.162 0.329 0.101 0.400 HECO - Kahe 7 0.240 0.142 0.317 0.094 0.278 HECO - Kahe 8 0.221 0.132 0.262 0.068 0.255

8Table 16. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the HC&S Puunene RP sources operating on either bagasse or coal. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 th percentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HC&S Puunene RP (Bagasse) 1 0.076 0.017 0.083 0.011 0.069 HC&S Puunene RP (Bagasse) 2 0.068 0.014 0.050 0.007 0.061 HC&S Puunene RP (Bagasse) 3 0.066 0.009 0.049 0.004 0.053 HC&S Puunene RP (Bagasse) 4 0.060 0.006 0.044 0.004 0.040 HC&S Puunene RP (Bagasse) 5 0.040 0.006 0.041 0.003 0.039 HC&S Puunene RP (Bagasse) 6 0.040 0.005 0.034 0.003 0.037 HC&S Puunene RP (Bagasse) 7 0.039 0.005 0.029 0.003 0.036 HC&S Puunene RP (Bagasse) 8 0.037 0.004 0.029 0.003 0.034 HC&S Puunene RP (Coal) 1 0.345 0.151 0.302 0.094 0.369 HC&S Puunene RP (Coal) 2 0.226 0.143 0.214 0.089 0.237 HC&S Puunene RP (Coal) 3 0.221 0.127 0.208 0.083 0.217 HC&S Puunene RP (Coal) 4 0.212 0.126 0.191 0.070 0.214 HC&S Puunene RP (Coal) 5 0.207 0.115 0.184 0.068 0.199 HC&S Puunene RP (Coal) 6 0.190 0.114 0.180 0.039 0.171 HC&S Puunene RP (Coal) 7 0.174 0.082 0.160 0.037 0.170 HC&S Puunene RP (Coal) 8 0.159 0.058 0.139 0.037 0.165

Table 17. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the Tesoro Refinery RP sources. Vi sibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 th percentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Tesoro Refinery RP 1 0.099 0.025 0.101 0.014 0.116 Tesoro Refinery RP 2 0.076 0.016 0.082 0.010 0.089 Tesoro Refinery RP 3 0.042 0.014 0.043 0.009 0.049 Tesoro Refinery RP 4 0.039 0.012 0.043 0.008 0.043 Tesoro Refinery RP 5 0.037 0.009 0.027 0.007 0.036 Tesoro Refinery RP 6 0.021 0.008 0.026 0.007 0.024 Tesoro Refinery RP 7 0.013 0.008 0.014 0.006 0.014 Tesoro Refinery RP 8 0.012 0.008 0.012 0.006 0.013

9Table 18. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the MECO - Kahului RP sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 th percentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv MECO - Kahului RP 1 1.008 0.449 0.911 0.290 1.099 MECO - Kahului RP 2 0.873 0.439 0.749 0.276 0.934 MECO - Kahului RP 3 0.837 0.436 0.724 0.241 0.681 MECO - Kahului RP 4 0.663 0.426 0.632 0.196 0.632 MECO - Kahului RP 5 0.617 0.329 0.564 0.184 0.566 MECO - Kahului RP 6 0.594 0.292 0.550 0.140 0.503 MECO - Kahului RP 7 0.495 0.288 0.526 0.129 0.492 MECO - Kahului RP 8 0.454 0.201 0.424 0.128 0.446

Table 19. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the HELCO – Puna Generating RP sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 thpercentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HELCO – Puna Generating RP 1 0.531 2.714 0.436 1.416 0.544 HELCO – Puna Generating RP 2 0.415 2.347 0.390 1.230 0.464 HELCO – Puna Generating RP 3 0.394 2.319 0.280 1.150 0.354 HELCO – Puna Generating RP 4 0.371 1.954 0.271 0.962 0.348 HELCO – Puna Generating RP 5 0.368 1.750 0.269 0.956 0.322 HELCO – Puna Generating RP 6 0.363 1.689 0.263 0.952 0.313 HELCO – Puna Generating RP 7 0.360 1.642 0.250 0.840 0.310 HELCO – Puna Generating RP 8 0.358 1.594 0.244 0.827 0.299

10Table 20. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the HELCO – Shipman RP sources. Vi sibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 th percentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HELCO – Shipman RP 1 0.417 1.696 0.342 0.569 0.428 HELCO – Shipman RP 2 0.405 1.526 0.309 0.545 0.366 HELCO – Shipman RP 3 0.348 1.129 0.265 0.535 0.336 HELCO – Shipman RP 4 0.343 0.931 0.252 0.514 0.317 HELCO – Shipman RP 5 0.342 0.864 0.237 0.498 0.310 HELCO – Shipman RP 6 0.328 0.830 0.227 0.492 0.289 HELCO – Shipman RP 7 0.322 0.790 0.220 0.486 0.277 HELCO – Shipman RP 8 0.321 0.777 0.217 0.477 0.269

Table 21. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the HECO – Honolulu RP sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 th percentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HECO – Honolulu RP 1 0.300 0.090 0.318 0.071 0.349 HECO – Honolulu RP 2 0.297 0.085 0.299 0.050 0.345 HECO – Honolulu RP 3 0.141 0.065 0.147 0.049 0.143 HECO – Honolulu RP 4 0.124 0.053 0.126 0.031 0.142 HECO – Honolulu RP 5 0.122 0.051 0.099 0.028 0.131 HECO – Honolulu RP 6 0.069 0.041 0.072 0.025 0.065 HECO – Honolulu RP 7 0.056 0.030 0.049 0.024 0.064 HECO – Honolulu RP 8 0.051 0.024 0.048 0.022 0.049

11Table 22. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Vo lcanoes for the HECO - Waiau RP sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 thpercentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HECO - Waiau RP 1 0.683 0.258 0.742 0.201 0.791 HECO - Waiau RP 2 0.607 0.152 0.613 0.120 0.705 HECO - Waiau RP 3 0.350 0.138 0.288 0.092 0.328 HECO - Waiau RP 4 0.327 0.135 0.278 0.066 0.323 HECO - Waiau RP 5 0.278 0.101 0.261 0.064 0.315 HECO - Waiau RP 6 0.238 0.076 0.234 0.042 0.274 HECO - Waiau RP 7 0.166 0.045 0.209 0.041 0.192 HECO - Waiau RP 8 0.110 0.041 0.099 0.027 0.096

Table 23. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the HECO - Kahe RP sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 thpercentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HECO - Kahe RP 1 0.255 0.066 0.273 0.040 0.296 HECO - Kahe RP 2 0.253 0.060 0.264 0.039 0.294 HECO - Kahe RP 3 0.158 0.046 0.165 0.038 0.184 HECO - Kahe RP 4 0.118 0.044 0.135 0.036 0.137 HECO - Kahe RP 5 0.111 0.042 0.084 0.028 0.108 HECO - Kahe RP 6 0.058 0.039 0.069 0.025 0.067 HECO - Kahe RP 7 0.047 0.037 0.054 0.022 0.054 HECO - Kahe RP 8 0.045 0.030 0.047 0.017 0.052

12Table 24. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the HC&S Puunene combined BART eligible and RP sources operating on either bagasse or coal. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 th percentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HC&S Puunene combined (bagasse) 1 0.194 0.046 0.209 0.029 0.170 HC&S Puunene combined (bagasse) 2 0.167 0.038 0.126 0.020 0.154 HC&S Puunene combined (bagasse) 3 0.167 0.026 0.125 0.013 0.135 HC&S Puunene combined (bagasse) 4 0.150 0.017 0.110 0.011 0.103 HC&S Puunene combined (bagasse) 5 0.100 0.016 0.103 0.008 0.101 HC&S Puunene combined (bagasse) 6 0.100 0.014 0.089 0.008 0.094 HC&S Puunene combined (bagasse) 7 0.098 0.013 0.075 0.008 0.088 HC&S Puunene combined (bagasse) 8 0.096 0.013 0.074 0.007 0.088 HC&S Puunene combined (coal) 1 0.573 0.244 0.500 0.153 0.611 HC&S Puunene combined (coal) 2 0.445 0.232 0.404 0.153 0.440 HC&S Puunene combined (coal) 3 0.387 0.218 0.373 0.138 0.372 HC&S Puunene combined (coal) 4 0.382 0.214 0.354 0.114 0.368 HC&S Puunene combined (coal) 5 0.371 0.188 0.328 0.111 0.355 HC&S Puunene combined (coal) 6 0.358 0.186 0.307 0.063 0.333 HC&S Puunene combined (coal) 7 0.311 0.134 0.277 0.062 0.314 HC&S Puunene combined (coal) 8 0.286 0.096 0.257 0.061 0.292

13Table 25. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the Tesoro Refinery combined BART eligible and RP sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 th percentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 thpercentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Tesoro Refinery combined 1 0.334 0.086 0.341 0.050 0.389 Tesoro Refinery combined 2 0.248 0.054 0.266 0.032 0.288 Tesoro Refinery combined 3 0.141 0.047 0.147 0.029 0.163 Tesoro Refinery combined 4 0.129 0.039 0.145 0.027 0.149 Tesoro Refinery combined 5 0.118 0.032 0.083 0.023 0.110 Tesoro Refinery combined 6 0.061 0.028 0.077 0.022 0.071 Tesoro Refinery combined 7 0.039 0.027 0.043 0.020 0.045 Tesoro Refinery combined 8 0.037 0.025 0.039 0.019 0.043

Table 26 . Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the MECO - Kahului combined BART eligible and RP sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 th percentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 thpercentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv MECO - Kahului combined 1 1.526 0.689 1.380 0.443 1.658 MECO - Kahului combined 2 1.302 0.679 1.142 0.427 1.367 MECO - Kahului combined 3 1.240 0.667 1.037 0.376 1.028 MECO - Kahului combined 4 1.003 0.655 0.929 0.304 0.965 MECO - Kahului combined 5 0.945 0.507 0.866 0.285 0.882 MECO - Kahului combined 6 0.861 0.452 0.853 0.217 0.749 MECO - Kahului combined 7 0.772 0.447 0.804 0.198 0.733 MECO - Kahului combined 8 0.677 0.308 0.642 0.197 0.683

14Table 27. Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Vo lcanoes for the HECO – Waiau combined BART eligible and RP sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 thpercentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red.

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HECO – Waiau combined 1 1.217 0.463 1.317 0.362 1.403 HECO – Waiau combined 2 1.090 0.281 1.101 0.220 1.262 HECO – Waiau combined 3 0.592 0.252 0.538 0.171 0.602 HECO – Waiau combined 4 0.531 0.244 0.496 0.123 0.540 HECO – Waiau combined 5 0.519 0.192 0.425 0.121 0.533 HECO – Waiau combined 6 0.425 0.147 0.405 0.083 0.490 HECO – Waiau combined 7 0.267 0.082 0.336 0.076 0.309 HECO – Waiau combined 8 0.191 0.079 0.187 0.054 0.184

Table 28. . Top 8 visibility impacts (Δ dv) at Haleakala and Hawaii Volcanoes for the HECO – Kahe combined BART eligible and RP sources. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv over 98 thpercentile (Top 1-7) are shaded yellow. Visibility impacts over 0.5 Δ dv for 98 th percentile (8 thhigh) are shaded red

Source High Haleakala Discrete Hawaii Volcanoes Discrete HALE1 Monitor HAVO1 Monitor HACR1 Monitor Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv Δ dv HECO – Kahe combined 1 1.503 0.357 1.552 0.216 1.733 HECO – Kahe combined 2 1.379 0.350 1.497 0.213 1.588 HECO – Kahe combined 3 0.816 0.266 0.920 0.210 0.940 HECO – Kahe combined 4 0.805 0.239 0.838 0.197 0.931 HECO – Kahe combined 5 0.788 0.239 0.553 0.153 0.727 HECO – Kahe combined 6 0.408 0.200 0.352 0.123 0.429 HECO – Kahe combined 7 0.266 0.178 0.350 0.119 0.307 HECO – Kahe combined 8 0.264 0.162 0.318 0.084 0.305

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