U. s. Department of Agriculture

Soil Conservation Service

Agriculture Handbook No. 169
READY REFERENCE

Pas«

1 Importance of accuracy

1 Care of sampler

2 Checking equipment

4 Snow course map

5 Assembling sampling tube

6 Snow-survey field note sheet

7 Measuring location of sample point

9 Taking sample

13 Removing litter from end of tube

14 Recording snow depths and core lengths

15 Weighing snow samples

17 Recording snow sample weights

21 Calculating water content of snow

21 Calculating density of snow

24 Checking notes

27 Snow freezing in tube

28 Sampling very shallow snow

30 Tubes too short for depth of snow

33 Driving sampler in deep snow
This Snow-Survey Sampling Guide wos prepared to promote efficient and accurate snow surveying, to establish uniform sampling procedures,

and to insure uniform results.

It is especially designed for those snow surveyors

who have limited contact with the Snow Survey

Supervisor and have not had the opportunity for a

thorough training in snow sampling. It should be

used by oil snow surveyors as a reference and by

supervisors as a training guide.

The manuscript was prepared by a committee

composed of George Watt, Chairman, and Ashton R. Codd, both State Snow Survey Supervisors,

Manes Barton, an Assistant State Snow Survey

Supervisor, and R. A. Work, Head, Water Supply

Forecasting Section, all of the Soil Conservation

Service, in consultation with other snow-survey

workers.

Felix Summers, Soil Conservation Service, Milwaukee, Wis., mode the visual presentations

after participating in snow-survey sampling in

Montana and attending the West Wide Snow

Survey Conference in Jackson, Wyo.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office

Washington 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents

Usu«d December 1959 Washinston, D.C.
SNOW-SAMPLING PROCEDURE

Importance of accuracy

Accuracy is essential. A small error ¡n snow sampling

can produce a large error in the water-supply forecast.

An error in measurement not only affects the current

year's report but also the statistical analyses oí the data

for years to come.

Take special care to avoid error while reading the snow

depths and tube weights. Be sure the core sample represents the full depth of the snow.

Care of sampler

Take good care of your sampling equipment. It will

make the difference between a good survey and a poor

one.

1. Transport the sampler carefully to avoid damage.

The cost of this equipment is in excess of $1 50.

2. Do not cling to the sampler while sampling on steep

slopes.

3. Keep the sampler covered inside and out with a thin

coating of wax or paraffin. The inside coating can

be applied by pulling through a swab, then polishing

with a dry cloth. This coating not on ly prevents corrosion but tends to keep the snow from adhering to the

tube.

4. Be careful when sampling to avoid striking rock.

Ice and rock feel and sound alike when struck.

5. Keep the cutter sharp and the orifice true to its original diameter. If the cutter is broken or badly worn,

ask your supervisor for a replacement.
Check equipment

SNOW SAMPLING KIT

Before leaving headquarters, check all your equipment

thoroughly.

1. See that tubes are properly waxed.

2. Make sure the coupling threads are clean and that

you can screw all the tubes together without binding.

3. Check the sampling kit for the following items:

Sampling tubes that match

Spanner wrenches

Driving wrench (optional)

Field snow-data notebook

Pencil

Weighing scale and cradle

Snow-course map

Measuring tape

Snow-Survey Safety Guide

First-aid kit

Snow-Survey Sampling Guide
4. Check youh oversnow traveling equipment fon

Goggles

Skis—running surface, bindings, poles, climbers

Snowshoes—varnisfi coating, webbing, bindings

Oversnow vehicle—fuel and oil (see operating

manual)

5. Check your own personal clothing and that of your

companions. See Snow-Survey Safety Guide.

It is much easier to check these items at headquarters

where replacements are available than at the snow

course.
US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

POLE LOCATED

ON EDGE OF

ROAD

*

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE \

SNOW SURVEYS

ROADWAY CLEARING

30' TO 40' WIDE

FLAIHEAO NATIONAL FOREST

aCC. 13; TaCN; II2CW

BEARING

N le» w 1^

NONTANA PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN

LAX. 48 —22Í; ÜONG. 114 —5I¿

ELEVATION 5000'

COURSE LENGTH 920'

SAMPLE INTERVAL 100'

NO. SAMPLES 10

SCALE f» 150'

M THICK ^

TIMBER ^

- \Vv

THICK .

TIMBER ß

TRAIL NO 172 TO

^

' \^

\

$ SHEPPARD PEAK ---"\

' ' BEARING^

N 36» W -%

^ TRAIL NO. 172

TO ELK MOUNT

ENTRANCE GATE T0>,

WOLF CREEK PRESERVE

POLE LOCATED

"ON EDGE OF ROAD

[ 8.9 MILES TO STAR MEADOWS

1.9 MILES TO TALLY

LAKE RANGER STATION

MONTANA COOPERATIVE

SNOW SURVEYS

BRUSH CREEK SUMMIT

COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN

SNOW COURSE NO. I4-A-4

EST. 9-2*36 BY J.C. MARR

REMARKED 8-56 BY

A. R. CODO & M. NELSON

Step I

Check the location sketch map of the snow course.

Start sampling at sample point No. 1. Do not drive

the snow machine on the snow course.
Step 2

Assemble sampling tube, screwing tubes together handtight (no wrenches). Make sure the numbers run consecutively throughout the entire length. Always use

three or more sections of tubing unless the scale has

been adjusted for light weights or accessory weights

are added.
SC8-708

(8-56) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

FEDERAL AND STATE

COOPERATrs^ SNOW SURVEYS

State M.Q.NJANÂ

Drainage Basin CMumbja..-K.QOle.aaL

Snow Course .ßßUSM.^.GBEEK.^.UMMLl...

Party R..FMnkQ..-I...Irwl^-tt

Date EeA.27^J.a.5.8..

or Number

oí Course

tSample

Number Snow

Inches

Lcagtb

of Core

Inches

WeiKht Weight

of Tube

and

Core

Water

Content

Inches

Density

Percent

Remarks

(See reverse)

/

P

3

4

5

6

7

e

9

10

Total (¡^

..Ay^...-. ^

Show number or description as given on sketch map, /. e., "Course No.

1," or "Major Course," or "N 5° E," etc.

tAlways start measurements for sampling from the initial point as shown

by the sketch map of the course and follow the spacing for samples as

indicated. Particular care should be taken to note any irregular spacing

between samples,

No. X. of ../.... sheets. Comp. by Checked by

16—84727-«

Sfep3

Fill in heading on snow-survey field note form.

6
Step 4

Find the sampling point by measuring the correct

distance with a measuring tape following the direction

as shown on the snow-course map.

One snow surveyor carries the sampling tube and headend of tape. The second snow surveyor carries scale

and notebook and holds the rear end of tape. The

second man sights the head man on line of the course

with the next marker.

518860 O—59-
Steps

Before takins a sample, look throush the tube to

check for cleanliness. Hold the samplins tube away

from your eye, cutter end up.
Step 6

Hold sampling tube vertically (cutter end down) and

drive to ground surface. Use gloved hands to keep

the tube cool (and make sampling easier). Be sure

to drive through any ice layer on the ground surface.
Step 7

Bend over and read the depth of snow. Call the

depth reading to the recorder.

10
-50

-49

— 48

— 47

^46

_45

— 44,

^43

— 42

— 41

—40

^39

_^38

Step 8

Turn tube one turn to right to cut core loose from

earth. Carefully raise tube, looking through slots to

read core length.

Call reading to the recorder.

Raise tube carefully out of snow.

11
Step 9

Inspect cutter end of tube for dirt or litter.

12
Step 10

Carefully remove soil and litter from the cutter and

tube. Throw the debris or litter several feet away

from sampling point. This prevents melt holes at the

sampling point.

Give the recorder the adjustments in depth of snow and

core length for distance driven into soil or litter.

Record data as shown on page 14.

13
SCS-708

(8-M) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

FEDERAL AND STATE

COOPERATIVE SNOW SURVEYS

sute MOMTANA

Drainage Basin COlUmbM.— KO..O.l€.n.aL

Snow Course ..BBR$.H...GBE£K...$MMMa^^^

Party R^.Eu.ak.e.-LIdpJ.e.tl

Date .F9.k..2ZJ.9.5B^..

•Description

orNumber

of Course Nimber Snow

Inches

Length

of Core

Inches

Weigk Weight

of Tube

and

Core

Water

Content

Inches

Density

Percent

Remarks

(See reverse)

../...© G.EMamß

Record depth of snow to nearest one-half inch (SS'I^

inches, circled above).

If sampling point is bare, record "0" in snow-depth

column. Do not move away from sampling point to

find a spot with snow.

SCS-708

(8^i6) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

FEDERAL AND STATE

COOPERATIVE SNOW SURVEYS

state MOMTÂNÂ

Drainage Basin C.Qj.umäLa..rr.K.o.o.t.e.n.a.(.

Snow cou«e ..B.BUBM..CREEK...SUMMII...

Party 8^£uD..k.e.-..I^.T.r.iple..t.t

Date .— Feb.,..aZ,J95B.-.

'Description

or Number

of Course

tSampie

Number

D.çtb

Snow

Inches

Length

of Core

Inches

Weight

of Tube

and

Core

Water

Content

Inches

Density

Percent

Remarks.

(See reverse)

.../... 5ôi @ G.£..Damji.

Record length of core to nearest one-half inch (32

inches).

14
Step II

Carefully balance the sampling tube containing the

core on the weighing cradle. Second man supports

top of ski pole if necessary.

Never hold the weighing scale with hand around barrel. Always suspend it like a pendulum.

If windy, point the tube into the wind.

When it is necessary to use a driving wrench, be sure

to leave it attached when weighing the empty tube

' and when weighing the tube and core of snow. Record

new empty weight.

518860 0—59- 15
Step 12

Read the weight of tube and core from the graduations

on the scale.

Caution: Scales of 1 2V2-foot-tube capacity have small

graduations equal to 1 inch of water content. Scales

of 20-foot-tube capacity have small graduations equal

to 2 inches of water content. Water content means

snow water equivalent.

16
.SCS-708

(8-56) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

FEDERAL AND STATE

COOPERATIVE SNOW SURVEYS

State MONTANA..

Drainage Basin C.QlUmJblO—._KQPJ..enm',

Snow Course ..BB.U.S.H..C.REEK._SRMM.^^

Party B-Eu.nh.e .-..L.T.nplelt

Date F.eb^..2.ZU9.5&.

Step (3

Record the weight of the tube and core to the nearest

one-half inch (33y2 inches).

17
Step 14

Lift the tube from the cradle and turn cutter end up.

Jar or tap against a rubber pad on the ski or snowshoe

to shde the core out of the tube. Inspect the inside to

see that all snow has been removed.

Note: A well waxed tube will aid materially in removing the core.

18
Stzp 15

Weigh the empty sampling tube. The empty weight

of the tube must read greater than zero on the scale.

19
-56) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

FEDERAL AND STATE

COOPERATIVE SNOW SURVEYS

state MONTANA

Drainage Basin .C.OlUmb.Í.U.—.KO.QÍe.n.aÍ. ..

Snow Course ....BRU.S.H...CRE£K...S.U.MMLZ

R.£mke.-LJápiS-tt

Ee.t)....27,.1.958.

Party

Description

or Number

of Course

tSample

Number

Deçth

Snow

Inches

~38Í

Length

of Core

Inches

3Z

Weight

of

Empty

Tube

Weight

of Tube

and

Core

Water

Content

Inches

Density

Percent

Remarks

(See reverse)

../.... 33i .6£.namp.

Step 16

Record the weight of the empty tube to the nearest onehalf inch.

Check weight of the empty tube every third or fifth

sample. Small particles of water or snow oftentime

cling to the inside and outside of the tube. Checking

often will make the sampling more accurate.

If the driving wrench is put on or taken off during the

sampling, a new empty weight must be obtained.

A

-56) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

FEDERAL AND STATE

COOPERATIVE SNOW SURVEYS

State MQRTAMA

Drainage Basin .C.0lUM.bÍO.Tr:.KO.UÍ.en.al

Snow Course BBUSM..C.R.E.EK..SUMmL..

Party R^.EuM.e. Zlnpletl

Date Feb.. 27,19.58

•Description

or Number

of Course

tSamplo

Number

Length

of Core

Inches

W'eight

of Tube

and

Core

Water 1

Content

Inches

.38f 3Z. 23. 331

Remarks

(See reverse)

G£.Domf).

20
Step 17

Subtract the weight of the empty tube from the weight

of the tube and core to obtain the water content.

Record to the nearest one-half inch.

.SCS-708

(8-;6) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

FEDERAL AND STATE

COOPERATIVE SNOW SURVEYS

State M.QNIANA :

Drainage Basin C.Oj.UW.bJ.Q.rr...K.Q.Qf.enjQ±

Snow Course .-BRU5H__.QBEEK..5MMMITL

Party R^-Eunke..r:7...Z.IrjMelt

Date... .Eeb.27^.IR5.8.^

•Description

or Number

of Course

tSample

Number

Depth

of

Snow

lllC'llOS

38Í

Length

of Core

Inches

Weight

Empty

Tube

Z3.

Weight

of Tube

and

Core

Water

Content

Inches

Density

Percent

Remarks

(See reverse)

/ 3.3Í id@G-£.ûamp,

.2..

...J.

Step 18

Divide the water content by the depth of snow to obtain

the density, or use the density-determination chart on

page 22, or on the inside front cover of the snow-survey

notebook SCS-708.

Ordinarily, the individual sample densities should not

vary more than 10 percent. If difference is more, take

another sample.

If the density is more than 60 percent, the snow is probably saturated from ponded water. Record the snow

depth and determine the density at an adjacent point

not affected by ponding.

21
100-

90-

80-

JL DENSITY DETERMINATION CHART

Lay a straight edge so

it crosses the snow

depth line and water

content 1 i ne at the

known snow depth and

water content values.

The point at which the

straight edge crosses

the density line shows

the density value. £xample : Sno» depth of 70

mrhes vith voter content of 7 inches giies a

Hensi ty of 35%. H snow

depth and/or water content values exceed the

quantities shown, divide

each by ten and proceed

as before. Example: Snow

Í9fi*¿^^ 200 inches with

wo t e r**cB>*,4en f of 70

inches are enTf>m4,^to

the chart as 20 and 7>>*

This gives as before 35%.

-- 6

-- 5

10-1-

DEPTH

OF SNOW

(INCHES)

50

45

.1

WATER

CONTENT

(INCHES)

DENSITY

(PERCENT)

22
Step Í9

Measure and sample the remaining points shown on the

snow-course map, following the procedures described

in steps 4 through 18.

23
Step 20

Both snow surveyors inspect the notes. Add the figures in the depth-of-snow column and divide the total

by the number oí sampling points to get the average

depth. Add the figures in the water-content column

and divide the total by the number of sampling points

to obtain the average water content.

Note: The number of sampling points includes those

with zero depth. See sample of completed set of notes

on pages 25 and 26. Fill in check list on back of field

notes.

24
SCS-708

(8-56) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

FEDERAL AND STATE

COOPERATIVE SNOW SURVEYS

State MONTANA

Drainage Basin .C.QlUm.tla.rr.KaûJRaOl

BRUSM..CREEK...SMMMJZ..

B.,.E.u.ake.-.Z.JdpML.

E.eb....27Ud5d.

Snow 0)urse

Party

'Description

or Number

of Course

tSample

Number

.1

...2...

...3...

A...

.5...

.£...

..8...

.9...

J.Q..

Depth

of

Snow

Inches

sea.

42k

.4.0..

.43..

4J.i.

45..

.44.

3.8Í

44.

\3.aà

Length

of Core

Inches

3£

JZ

JZ.

36Í

.37..

4.Z.

4.O..

34J

3.9.

3.4Í

Weight

23

2.3.

23.

*.4.4

4.4

Weight

of Tubo

and

Core

33Í

35.

33Í

3.5.

341

36..

35.Í

3.4.

5.7.k

.5.5.

Water

Content

Inches

1.0.1

LOI.

.1.2..

U.Í

.1.3...

I2i

.//...

I3.i

11...

.27.

.28..

28.

28.

29.

28.

29..

.31...

29

GME.Damß

Remarks

(See reverse)

G^Eüamp.

DampMrl

Qamp-Nßßdles

Water.

Average.

00

'0)

415i

416

Uli 28.

LL8

H\c(yJkç.J^rem\h_o ddect

Show number or description as given on sketch map, /. e., "Course No.

1," or "Major Course," or "N 5° E," etc.

tAlways start measurements for sampling from the initial point as shown

by the sketch rnap of the course and follow the spacing for samples as

indicated. Particular care should be taken to note any irregular spacing

between samples.

No. / of / sheets. Comp. by ..n.T.E... Checked by .

25
NOTE—Please fill in while in the field.

DATE OF SURVEY: Began iO:.2.Q... ^M. Ended I.J.:.LO. p'm'

SAMPLING CONDITIONS

(Please check items descriptive of present conditions.)

Weather at Time oj Sampling

Clear, Partly cloudy, Overcast, Raining,

.Jr^... Snowing, Blowing, Freezing, Thawing.

Snoiu Conditions at Snow Course

Snow samples obtained with ..J^.... ease, moderate difficulty.*

Snow samples obtained with extreme difficulty.*

Ground under snow: f^.. frozen, not frozen,

dry, KZ.. damp, wet (saturated).

Ice layer on ground/l^C?/?^.. How thick? inches.

General Snow Conditions

1. What elevation is snow line generally.' ft.

2. Is snow melting on north and cast slopes.' ..Pl.Q.

3. Is snow melting on south and west slopes? .N.Q.

4. How many inches of new snow at snow course? 4T. .^in.

5. Is there evidence of snowslides? .lxQ.D.6.

General Stream-Plow Conditions

1. Are very small streams running? Yes No ..-rrTTT..

2. Arc small streams bridged over by snow? Yes ../t^. No

3. Are streams dear or muddy? {Check one) Clear Á^. Muddy

Explain fully under r

PRECIPITATION DATA

Month Day Year Readings Dipstick Weight

Current Made by

(check) Previous

Station name Catch, inches Scale number

After recharge

REMARKS:

Tr.uM,..Roundtrip

Sao.Cat .".

F.Q.Qî.lr.ayel "

5B.ML I2..M.Í..

6 M.L

U.s.ed..3.sÉ,ctionslubip.g^

Used driver, at..Samples Sandio.

26
USEFUL HINTS FOR SPECIAL

CONDITIONS

Snow freezing in the tube

If the snow freezes in the point of the sampler and the

entire core does not enter the tube, it is probably because the tube is above freezing temperature and the

deep snow below freezing. The following steps will

help you meet this difficulty:

1. Cool the tube by setting it in the shade or burying it

in the snow.

2. Clean the tube thoroughly, then push the tube

rapidly through the snow without stopping until you

reach bottom.

3. Take the samples in the early morning or evening

when the air temperature is cool.

If these precautions do not produce results, follow the

procedure below:

1. Thrust the tube as deeply as possible without

stopping.

2. Remove the tube carefully so as not to disturb the

hole.

3. Weigh, and record the core length and weight.

4. Empty the tube and return it very carefully to the

bottom of the hole.

5. Again thrust the tube deeper in the snow until it

stops or you reach ground.

6. Repeat above as many times as necessary to reach

the ground.

Record data as shown on sample note, page 32.

27
Samplins very shallow snow

When the snow water content is less than 2 inches of

water, it is difficult to read the weighing scale accurately for single sampling points. To sample these

shallow snows:

1. Take a sample at the sampling point.

2. Empty the core into a bucket or any container that

can be tied to the weight scale. (If the empty container used is not heavy enough to record an empty

weight on the scale, additional weights must be

added. Sections of sampling tubes, driving

wrenches, or anything handy can be used.)

3. Record the depth of snow and length of core on

notes.

4. Weigh the container along with the necessary

weights when all the sample cores have been accumulated.

5. Record this weight in the bottom of the column

"weight of tube and core."

6. Empty snow from container. Weigh container and

weights and record this figure at the bottom of the

column "weight of empty tube."

7. Subtract weight of empty container from weight of

container and core. Record the difference at the

bottom of the column "water content." To obtain

average water content on the snow course, divide

total water content by total number of sampling

points.

28
8. Total the snow depths and divide by number of

samplins points to obtain overage snow depth.

See sample note below.

äCS-708

(8-56) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

FEDERAL AND STATE

COOPERATIVE SNOW SURVEYS

State ...ARIZONA

Drainage Basin .\?.j.'.Q.

S.OW Course ..EMS.C..O... DIVIDE.

G.e.Q...MalL-.Ken....B..Qn.ds..

F.eb..l5-^J958.

Party

Date

Description

or Number

of Course

fSaraple

Number

Depth

of

Snow

Inches

k

.2...

6

Length

of Core

Inches

Weight

Empty

Tute

Weight

of Tube

and

Core

Water

Content

Inches

Density

Percent

Remarks

(See reverse)

2

.2..

2

...ü.rx

.3...

A...

.5...

6

...5...

.3...

2

I

4

jJL

)■■

.. .

...a.a£.....

7 J

7 si G^D.F.

8 2 ^ 2 1/

.9...

10

..à

5

1

2J..

4i

.... ^

7

O

Total @

10...

±1...

4,1.

.1.8... m5. 12,5. 30

Avg,,,

1

'L._ I 1

1

*^Show number or description as given on sketch map, /. e., "Course No.

1," or "Major Course," or "N 5° E," etc.

tAlways start measurements for sampling from the initial point as shown

jjy the sketch map of the course and follow the spacing for samples as

indicated. Particular care should be taken to note any irregular spacing

between samples.

No. .-/.. of ../.. sheets. Comp. by K..BQndSQUcc\íc¿ by (4^/./.

29
Tubes too short for depth of snow

WHEN SNOW DEPTH

IS A FEW INCHES

MORE THAN LENGTH WHEN SNOW DEPTH IS CONSIDERABLY

OF SAMPLERS GREATER THAN LENGTH OF SAMPLERS.

SCOOP SNOW

AWAY FROM

TUBE 6" TO 8"

CPLACE A

HANDKERCHlÉF^i

ON TOP OF Tuet

AND PUSH TO

\ THE GROUND^

GROUNDM

SNOW

SURFACE

A. BREAK THIS

SECTION OF

SNOW OFF

GROUND^

SAMPLER (A)

30 INCHES

SAMPLER (B)

88 INCHES

If the depth of snow is greater than the length of tubing

at hand^ follow the procedure below:

1. Drive the tube its full length into the snow.

2. Place a handkerchief or similar object over the top

of the tube.

3. Dig down around the tube for a depth of 1 foot or

more.

4. Stand on tube and force it down farther.

30
5. Remove the wadding and observe the depth of the

core. When the core has reached the top of the

tube, you hove reached the limit of this method of

measurement.

6. The depth of the snow is the distance from the snow

surface to the top of the tube added to the length of

tube.

If the snow is too deep to get a whole sample by this

method, this second procedure can be used:

1. Dig a hole in the snow at the sampling point to a

depth of 2 to 3 feet. Try sampler in bottom of hole.

If you have not reached soil, dig deeper. Use a ski

heel or tip of snowshoe for a shovel if nothing else is

available.

2. Slide a metal plate or firm, flat object (aluminum

notebook cover) into side of pit at a depth that is

below the top of the grounded sampler.

3. Drive sampler down to metal plate.

4. Measure depth and core of the first section of snow

pack.

5. Break off snow into pit down to metal plate.

6. Weigh and record full weight and weight of empty

tube. (See sample note, page 32.)

7. Sample from metal plate down to soil. Weigh and

add depths and water contents for that sampling

point. (See sample note, page 32.)

8. Be sure to fill the hole if the course is to be sampled

at a later date. Bring additional sections of sampler

tubing for future surveys.

31
-56) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE

FEDERAL AND STATE

COOPERATIVE SNOW SURVEYS

sute „..OB.EG.QN.

Drainage Basin .CQLUWÂLa.—Wi/lamelte.

Snow Course ....HO.G,G....P.A.S.S.

P.rtr RA..Wo.rÂ-A.R.X.Qdd.:r.W.XFr.QBt

Date AprlL.I.J.9.39.

Description

or Number

oí Course

tSample

Number

Deçth

SHOW

iQCbes

.3.0.

8.8..

.U.8..

.3.8..

.8.6..

1.2.4.

.22.

8.9..

.LU...

Inches

29..

.88..

U7...

.36..

.8.5..

ill...

.2Q_

8.8.

.1.0.8

WeíRht Weight

Qt Tube

and

Core

Water

Content

Inches

Density

Percent

Remarks

(See reverse)

TiiheJ.Qo

short

'la..

i,.

'.la.

S3.È.

.3...

.1.9...

.J.9...

.1.9...

.1.9...

1.9...

.1.9...

3.I..Í

.5.8

:3±

.5.5.

28

I2.i

3.9Í

52.

.1.5...

.3.6.

.5.1.

9

4Í.

.4.5)

4.4

.39"

.42.Í

1^

..ß.KE

..D.amp......

^.GME.

W.et....

.G.N.F.

3Z. 3.8.

.47..

.4.3)

.4.2.

Grass.Datm

Son. pie \>f m >/<? / eept'o.g.>.. 'or...

PXO.^ ledu

0.1s.S,

ce...»

m..

bs.a.

\e.at.

takj

\o.n.$.

Totals^ or 9 fC und ..bx 'add'ng

jMy.r.ß.i\.J.O. ..r.ç.y \s.la..^...e^\Ç.-..

Show number or description as given on sketch map, /. e., "Course No.

1," or "Major Course," or "N 5" E," etc.

tAlways start measurements for sampling from the initial point as shown

by the sketch map of the course and follow the spacing for samples as

indicated. Particular care should be taken to note any irregular spacing

between samples.

No. -./.. of .3... sheets. Comp. by .B..AM.. Checked by A.ß,.C.\.

in—64727-2
Driving sampler tliroush layers of deep snow

When sampling deep snow, drive the sampler rapidly.

Try to keep it moving continuously until soil is reached.

1. Both men get ready—both drive the sampler with

a hand over hand motion.

2. Keep the sampler in motion.

3. Grab the handle of the driving wrench and push

down.

4. If the tube stops, one man steps on the handles and

drives it down to the soil with his body weight and a

pumping action of the knees while balancing himself

against his partner's shoulders.

33

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE t«S» : O—8I«M0