Excavations at the Sarah Cook House (11SG267),

Lincoln Home National Historic Site, 

Springfield, Illinois

National Park Service - Midwest Archeological Center
Excavations at the Sarah Cook House (11SG267), 

Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Springfield, Illinois 

By 

Vergil E. Noble 

Midwest Archeological Center 

Technical Report No. 92 

United States Department of the Interior 

National Park Service 

Midwest Archeological Center 

Lincoln, Nebraska 

2005
This report has been reviewed against the criteria contained in 43CFR Part 7, Subpart A,

Section 7.18 (a) (1) and, upon recommendation of the Midwest Regional Office

and the Midwest Archeological Center, has been classified as

Available

Making the report available meets the criteria of 43CFR Part 7, Subpart A, Section 7.18 (a) (1).
Abstract 

This report describes archeological field research performed in conjunction with final preparations for restoration of the Sarah Cook House within Lincoln Home National 

Historic Site. Restoration plans called for removal and replacement of its deteriorating 

foundation, which would involve considerable ground disturbance in an area known to be 

archeologically sensitive. The investigations of 1989 examined the area of direct impacts

associated with the undertaking and recovered data from several features that would be 

damaged or destroyed. Among those were three abandoned cisterns used at various times 

during 19th-century occupation of the residence. 

Acknowledgments 

The 1989 archeological investigations carried out at the Sarah Cook House benefited 

from the contributions of numerous individuals. Chief among those was Gentry O. Davis, 

who served as superintendent of Lincoln Home National Historic Site while the

excavations described here were in progress. Superintendent Davis put the park staff and

facilities at our disposal, which greatly eased our ability to complete the field

investigations within the constraints of time and funding. Superintendents Norman D. 

Hellmers and Richard Lusardi, Mr. Davis’ two successors at Lincoln Home, also deserve 

thanks for their continued support of archeological research performed in the park. 

Mark J. Lynott, then Midwest Regional Archeologist for the National Park Service 

and now manager of the Midwest Archeological Center, oversaw various administrative 

aspects of the project from our offices in Lincoln, Nebraska. Among many other Center 

staff who contributed to completion of the project, Carrol Moxham stands out for her efforts in preparing the figures and overseeing final report production. 

The field and laboratory assistants who worked on this project merit a special note of 

thanks for collecting, organizing, and analyzing the Cook House archeological data. 

Those involved with the 1989 Lincoln Home field excavations include Forest Frost, Tim 

Meade, Ann Scott, Ray Steffen, Paul Stormburg, Hawk Tolson, and several occasional 

volunteers; not all of the aforementioned worked at the Cook House, but all contributed 

to the overall success of the summer season. Several individuals performed various laboratory duties after completion of the fieldwork, and Todd Ahlman had major responsibility for much of the post-field analysis and data tabulation. University of Nebraska graduate student Katie Cleek, who in 2004 prepared a Master’s thesis drawing upon data derived in part from the Sarah Cook House excavations, helped rekindle my interest in the 

project and greatly facilitated my efforts in completing this long-delayed field report. 

i
Contents 

Abstract................................................................................................................................ i 

Acknowledgments................................................................................................................ i 

List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... iii 

List of Figures.................................................................................................................... iv 

Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 

Background..........................................................................................................................2 

Field Methods ......................................................................................................................5 

Results..................................................................................................................................6 

Conclusion .........................................................................................................................10 

References Cited ................................................................................................................11 

Tables.................................................................................................................................13 

Figures................................................................................................................................29 

ii
Tables 

1. Artifact groupings by level, 2S/0E.................................................................................13

2. Artifact groupings by level, 2S/2E.................................................................................14 

2a. Artifact groupings by level, 2S/2E balk removal.........................................................15 

3. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/0E.................................................................................16 

3a. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/0E balk removal.........................................................17

4. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/2E.................................................................................18

4a. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/2E balk removal.........................................................19

4b. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/2E west wall ..............................................................20

5. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/4E.................................................................................21

6. Artifact groupings by level, 6S/2E ................................................................................22

7. Artifact groupings by level, 8S/4E ................................................................................23

8. Artifact groupings by level, Feature A ..........................................................................24

9. Artifact groupings by level, Feature B...........................................................................25

10. Artifact groupings by level, Feature C.........................................................................26

11. Artifact groupings, monitoring ....................................................................................27

iii
Figures 

1. The Sarah Cook House as it appeared in 1989 ..............................................................29 

2. Location of the Sarah Cook House within Lincoln Home National Historic Site.........30 

3. Plat of the City of Springfield, 1854..............................................................................31 

4. Sequence of Sanborn Fire Insurance Map segments showing the Cook House ............32 

5. Preliminary archeological test locations of 1985...........................................................33 

6. Archeological block excavation of 1989 showing feature locations.............................34 

7. Overview of block excavation area................................................................................34 

8. General view of Feature A.............................................................................................35 

9. Detail of Feature A to show collar.................................................................................35 

10. Detail of Feature A to show brick arch in foundation .................................................36 

11. General view of Feature B before excavation..............................................................36 

12. General view of Feature B during excavation .............................................................37 

13. Detail of Feature B to show rectangular impression in floor.......................................37 

14. General view of Feature C...........................................................................................38 

15. Detail of Feature C.......................................................................................................38 

iv
Introduction

The National Park Service (NPS) acquired the former private residence of President 

Abraham Lincoln, located near the downtown commercial district of Springfield, Illinois, 

in 1972. The agency then set about acquiring additional properties in the four-block area 

around that focal point to provide a buffer from encroaching development. The NPS also 

hoped to create a semblance of the mid-19th-century neighborhood scene by restoring the 

park’s other surviving historic structures. That long-term goal entails systematic research 

on each of the neighboring residences, restoration of each building as funding allows, and 

adaptive reuse of those former domiciles as park offices, leased office space, or visitor 

contact facilities. The Sarah Cook House, which is now fully restored as part of Lincoln 

Home National Historic Site’s Master Plan, has been occupied by the General Services

Administration through the park’s historic leasing program since its completion. 

The 1989 archeological project at the Sarah Cook House (Figure 1), reported herein, 

was the second to be undertaken at that site, which is designated as 11SG267 in the Illinois archeological site files. Northern Illinois University, under a 1985 contract entered 

into with the NPS Midwest Archeological Center, conducted limited test excavations 

about the house as part of their investigations at house lots located within Lincoln Home

National Historic Site (Mansberger 1987). Those earlier efforts examined and recorded 

the deposits immediately adjacent to the Cook House at several locations along its foundation. In addition, the area beneath the front porch received close scrutiny, and excavators also opened an isolated 1-m-x-2-m unit a short distance from the rear of the house.

The latter represented an attempt to expose evidence of a late 19th-century extension of 

the back house, since removed. The 1985 excavations indicated that considerable evidence bearing upon the structural evolution of the Sarah Cook House was present about 

the building. One test unit at the northeast corner of the house, for example, touched upon 

the edge of an abandoned brick cistern. 

Owing to the confirmed presence of archeological deposits in proximity with the historic structure, particularly at its rear, the need for additional fieldwork prior to restoration of the Sarah Cook House was abundantly clear. Restoration plans called for lifting 

the structure off its foundation and excavating a ramp down from the ground surface to 

the basement floor. That excavation would facilitate removal of the deteriorated brick

foundation as well as subsequent construction of a new foundation of poured concrete. Of 

course, the undertaking would also mean the total removal of whatever archeological deposits and features survived in that part of the back yard. Accordingly, it was essential 

that any archeological data present be recovered prior to initiation of the demolition

phase for this restoration project. 

Artifact collections derived for excavations at the Cook House, along with their associated field records, are currently on temporary loan to the Midwest Archeological 

Center and housed at that facility in Lincoln, Nebraska. It is anticipated that those materials will be returned to the park for ultimate disposition with completion of their study and 

acceptance of this final technical report. They are cataloged under MWAC accession 

number 336 and Lincoln Home accession number 107. 

1
Background 

The Sarah Cook House is located on Lot 3, Block 11, of the Elijah Iles Addition to

the City of Springfield. Its official street address is 508 S. Eighth Street, which puts it on 

the east side of that thoroughfare now closed to regular vehicular traffic (Figure 2). The 

lot on which the Cook House stands is the third one south from the intersection of Eighth 

and Jackson, placing it only a short distance from the Lincoln Home, which is situated on

the northeast corner of that intersection. The general historical background that follows is

compiled from several secondary sources, including Bearss (1969 and 1977), Mansberger 

(1987), and a historic structure report on the Cook House prepared for the National Park 

Service by the Chicago firm of Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. (1988). Economic 

data used in comparing property values over time is derived from S. Morgan Friedman’s 

(2000) useful Web site, “The Inflation Calculator” <http://www.westegg.com/inflation/>. 

Although it is known today as the Sarah Cook House, the widow Cook never owned 

the structure that today bears her name. Rather, she was merely an occupant of the house, 

along with her family, during the designated historic period for the park--Lincoln’s last 

12 months of residence in this Springfield neighborhood before he departed on February 

11, 1861, for Washington, D.C., to assume the presidency. Mrs. Cook apparently rented 

from the owner of record at that time, John Mason, who acquired the property on December 26, 1857, and sold it nearly 10 years later on May 1, 1867. The Sarah Cook 

House should not be confused with the Rebecca Cook House, which once stood on this 

same block a short distance north at the southeast corner of Eighth and Jackson. That 

more recent structure, built in the early years of the 20th century on part of the Charles

Arnold property (Lots 1 and 2, Block 11), was demolished as a surplus structure after 

NPS acquisition in the 1970s (see Frost 1997 and Noble 2001). 

Lot 3, Block 11, changed hands many times after it was platted, and its owners made 

various improvements to the property over the years. Many land speculators, including 

Abraham Lincoln, purchased lots in this addition with expectations of turning a quick 

profit as Springfield rapidly matured as a city in the early decades of the 19th century. 

One Foley Vaughn was the first owner of Lot 3, buying it and the adjacent Lot 4 from 

developer Elijah Iles in March of 1837 for $150, which is consistent with the standard 

$75 price of an unimproved single, non-corner lot in the subdivision at that time. He

turned over the two lots for $500 only a month later to Dr. William S. Wallace, a future 

in-law of Abraham Lincoln and the namesake of Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s third son, 

Willie, who eventually would die in the White House. Wallace’s wife Frances was a sister of Mary Todd, who would marry Lincoln at the nearby Springfield home of another 

in-law, Ninian Wirt Edwards, in 1842. Edwards, who served in the state legislature 

(1836-1852) with Lincoln, is not to be confused with his more illustrious father, Ninian 

Edwards, who held posts as the first and only Governor of Illinois Territory (1809-1818), 

as Senator from Illinois (1818-1824) upon the granting of statehood, and third Governor

of the State of Illinois (1826-1830). 

The price Wallace paid for the lots strongly suggests that improvements had been 

made to one or both of the lots, since it is unlikely that the land would have appreciated 

2
so much in so short a time without the addition of at least a modest house. Springfield tax 

records for that year, which show a charge of $5 for the property, lend further credence to 

that conclusion. Although exceedingly cheap by today’s standards, the $5 property tax is, 

in fact, consistent with an assessed valuation of around $1,000 in 1837. 

It appears likely that a subsequent owner, builder/contractor John Roll, may have

been responsible for additional construction on Lot 3 sometime between 1849 and 1853. 

Roll purchased both lots 3 and 4 in 1849 for $200, suggesting considerable depreciation 

of the real estate over the 12 years (or a need for quick cash that prompted selling the 

property at a loss). This is true even in light of the fact that buying power of the dollar 

increased over that time, so that what cost $500 in 1837 cost only about $400 in 1849. In 

other words, Wallace appears to have lost about half his original investment in constant 

dollars when he sold the lots to John Roll. 

Soon thereafter Roll took out a mortgage, perhaps to finance additions or alterations 

to the existing improvements. Roll sold Lot 3 alone just four years later to Dr. Robert 

Kalley for $1,000. The rate of deflation from 1849 to 1853 slowed to about 4%, increasing the buying power of a dollar only modestly. Therefore, a dramatic increase in value 

can best be explained by substantial changes to the lot. Either new construction on the

property or major alterations to an existing structure could account for the spike in value 

after such a short time. 

As with most other surviving structures in the neighborhood, the first known depiction of the Sarah Cook House appears on the 1854 City of Springfield plat map (Figure 

3). The house is shown as a long rectangular building with what may have been an addition at the rear. It is set back from Eighth Street a greater distance than any other house

on the block and lies fairly close to the north lot line. No outbuildings are indicated near 

the alley, where they might be expected, but it is fairly certain that at least a privy would 

have been present. Such minor structures are rarely shown on 19th-century maps of 

Springfield, or any other American city, so the absence of a privy depiction on this plat 

should not suggest that the property lacked one. 

Dr. Kalley, who put the property up for sale in June of 1854, advertised it to the public as “a dwelling house situated on Lot 3, Block 11, E. Iles Addition” and, according to

Bearss (1977:165), described it as having five rooms with a root cellar, cistern, well, and 

stables. The stables presumably should have appeared as a substantial structure on the 

plat published that year, but it could be that the stables were then of very recent origin

with the survey on which the map was based having been performed sometime prior to 

their construction. The absence of a major outbuilding on the property again in the 1858 

plat may be reasonably explained under the common assumption that the later map was, 

in fact, simply copied from the 1854 map with very few changes introduced to the preexisting properties. 

Other graphic documents show the Sarah Cook House in subtly different configurations as it evolved over the next 100 years. Several “bird’s-eye view” depictions of the 

city from the second half of the 19th century provide simplified depictions of the house, 

3
but they are not highly informative. The most detailed representations of changes to the 

structure over time can be found in the series of five Sanborn fire insurance maps of 

Springfield, Illinois, which range from 1884 through 1952 (Figure 4). Those plan drawings show the house and major outbuildings as they appeared over a nearly 70-year period, during which time the structure was converted from a single-family dwelling to 

apartments by subdivision. Furthermore, with the rise of automobile transportation, the 

maps reflect the replacement of 19th-century outbuildings with 20th-century garages. Despite their many interesting details, however, numerous minor cultural features of potential archeological interest, such as privies, wells, cisterns, fences, and trash pits, are not

depicted on such maps. Nor do they show any other significant features, such as trees, 

shrubs, or other plantings, that together formed the historic cultural landscape. 

Unlike some of the other extant properties in Lincoln Home National Historic Site, 

no early photographs of the Sarah Cook House are known to exist. Accordingly, important information about the structure’s aboveground appearance 140 years ago is sorely 

lacking. The restoration of those qualities, as a result, relied heavily on interpretation 

from what is visible in the surviving structural elements and general knowledge about the 

styling of contemporaneous architecture in Springfield, Illinois. 

4
Field Methods 

The type and location of construction impacts anticipated in conjunction with the 

proposed structural restoration, as well as a consideration of what was known from the 

investigations of 1985 (Mansberger 1987), figured in the 1989 research design. Those 

earlier excavations, arrayed around the entire structure, can be characterized as preliminary efforts to get a general understanding of the property (Figure 5). Our excavation 

strategy focused on recovering as much field data as possible from the area immediately 

behind the Sarah Cook House, where the most radical construction impacts would likely 

occur (Figure 6). 

To that end, the field crew opened eight contiguous 2-m-x-2-m test units, ultimately 

forming a large block excavation in the area where construction crews would subsequently excavate a ramp down to the cellar floor. This intensive data recovery strategy 

differs markedly from the more common practice of excavating numerous dispersed 1-mx-1m units to sample an area and gain a general understanding of it during evaluative site 

testing to help inform the design of an undertaking. In this particular case, construction 

plans were already settled without benefit of archeological input and not subject to substantial modification. 

The Cook House excavation grid was laid out with direct reference to the structure 

itself, though it uses a primary datum point a short distance north from the northeast corner of the house. The east foundation of the house served as one baseline, establishing 

grid line Zero East (0E); all excavation units lie east of that line. The other major reference point was the north edge of the cellar bulkhead, which established the Four South 

(4S) grid line. The datum stake for each individual unit was at its southeast corner, and 

the coordinates of that grid stake designate each respective unit (e.g., 4S/2E). Balks between contiguous units were not removed and collected until the profiles could be recorded. 

Levels in each unit measured an arbitrary 10 cm, unless meaningful natural or cultural strata were encountered; field personnel collected the contents of cultural features 

and any other distinct soil areas within levels separately when such could be discerned. 

All soils were passed through quarter-inch-mesh hardware cloth to ensure recovery of all 

but the smallest items. Excavators recorded observations with annotated measured drawings, and each level and selected profiles were photographed for black-and-white prints 

and color transparencies.

5
Results 

During the 1989 field season in Lincoln Home National Historical Site, a considerable amount of effort was expended at the Sarah Cook House. In all, the field crew excavated eight 2-m-x-2-m test units, forming a large, irregularly shaped block at the immediate rear of the historic structure (Figures 6 and 7). That 32 sq-m area overlay two of 

Mansberger’s (1987) 1-m-x-2-m units excavated in 1985 (all of Test 7 and most of Test 

9). 

Although collections from this block excavation for the most part are tabulated according to the excavation unit from which they were derived, the overall findings are best

described with reference to specific cultural features found within the block. It would 

serve little purpose to describe each of the eight 2-m squares individually. Rather, the excavations are summarized in more general terms with particular reference to the major 

cultural features disclosed, as well as their relationship to the domicile and each other. 

Areas surrounding the three features were largely unremarkable, containing dense artifact 

deposits reflecting a wide variety of material (Tables 1-7) but no discernable spatial patterning. Various ceramic conduit lines could be considered cultural features, but they are 

directly associated with one or more cistern features in the backyard and need not be described in any detail. Similarly, various utility lines, including paired pipes associated 

with an early 20th-century municipal steam-heating system, were encountered, but they 

need not be given particular attention. 

Feature A 

It was know from earlier investigations at the Sarah Cook House that a cylindrical 

cistern had been partly destroyed by expansion of the back house sometime in the latter 

part of the 19th century. This was evident from previous excavations (Mansberger 

1987:63-69) and from an examination of the east foundation, which effectively bisected 

the entire brick feature from top to bottom, a depth of approximately 2 m below the 

ground surface (Figures 8 and 9). In addition, from within the cellar, one could readily 

observe a two-brick-thick arch built into the normal coursing of foundation bricks at the 

point where the wall met with the cellar floor (Figure 10). The arch spans the diameter of 

the cistern and serves to support the weight of the foundation and prevent subsidence into 

the former cistern cavity (which was filled when abandoned, but would not have the same

stability of native soils). The southern arc of the cylinder also was also destroyed by construction of the cellar hatch. 

The cylindrical cistern was first observed archeologically in Mansberger’s Test 7, 

which caught just the northern edge of its brick collar. Although more like a well in its 

general appearance, the fact that the base of the cylinder and all interior surfaces are 

coated with impermeable parging would confirm its use as a cistern. It could be, however, that the feature was originally built as a well and later converted into a receptacle 

for the storage of utilitarian water. 

6
Designated Feature A in our excavations of 1989, the top of the cistern was 35 cm 

below grade in 1985. This would indicate an approximate depth for the mid-19th-century 

ground surface, as Mansberger (1987:65) also observed in his report. He did not speculate on a construction date for the feature, but presumed it was abandoned when the existing addition was built at the rear of the house during the last quarter of the 19th century. Of passing interest is the fact that two pipes associated with a municipal steamheating system entered the Cook House basement at this point, creating a break in the cistern’s brick collar near its northern extreme. That system was introduced to this particular

neighbor during the first decade of the 20th century. Another abandoned pipe disturbed

the brick collar at its approximate midpoint (this was later removed to facilitate continued 

excavation of Feature A). 

The interior fill of Feature A was first collected separately at a depth of 60 cmbs and 

was removed in arbitrary levels of 10 cm to a depth of 180 cmbs, retaining the south profile to see if there were any obvious layers of stratification. Thereafter the remaining fill 

was taken out as a single provenience. The parged bottom of the cistern proved to be a 

slightly concave basin. The edge of the basin, where it came in contact with the cylinder 

wall, measured 232 cm below the ground surface, whereas the center point of the cistern 

floor was 241 cm below the surface. Accordingly, the cistern walls, from base to brick 

collar, were laid up approximately 6.5 ft high. In round numbers, with an approximate

inside diameter of 4.5 ft, the maximum capacity of this cistern would have been about 

100 cu ft or some 750 gallons of water. 

Much of the fill in Feature A contained scattered brickbats, which in all likelihood 

derived from the dismantling or disturbance of the cistern walls. Various diagnostic materials were present, but together they represent a very wide range of dates and do not expand upon conclusions already reached on the basis of position relative the backhouse 

addition (Table 8). For example, the first level removed from within the cistern contained 

two fragments of a pressed glass cram pitcher of the “Cord Drapery” variety, which was

produced by the National Glass Company beginning in 1901 (McCain 1979:336-337), 

and wire nails were still being recovered at a depth of approximately 180 cmbs. 

Feature B 

Another cistern, this was probably the first to be built on the property. At the very 

least, Feature B is the oldest and most crudely made of the known cisterns that have been 

discovered archeologically in the Sara Cook House backyard. This feature, despite being 

encroached upon and crossed by conduits that carried rainwater to another cistern yet to 

be described, as well as intersected by a pair of steam pipes running toward the house, 

was still largely intact (Figure 11). Only its uppermost reaches were disturbed by those 

superimposed conveyances, and its fill does not contain the typical mixed deposits that 

occur elsewhere in the Lincoln Home neighborhood. Although a few post-19th-century 

items were found in the first 10-cm layer of fill, the dominant artifacts throughout appear 

to be from the middle of the 19th century, and almost no 20th-century materials were present after the first layer.

7
It was difficult at first to recognize this feature’s limits, given the great amount of 

near-surface ground disturbance. In fact, Mansberger’s 1985 investigations also hit upon 

the edge of what we called Feature B at the western edge of Test 9, which was placed 

well away from the house to search for remains of a former outbuilding that was eventually incorporated into the house and still later removed. Despite extending the 1-m-x-2-m 

unit a short distance farther west and taking a soil core to probe its depths, excavators 

were unable to identify the feature with any certainty. Mansberger describes their findings as follows: 

While profiling the west wall of the test, a concentration of old mortar was 

discovered at a depth of 85cm below the present ground surface. To determine what this might have been, a small (50cm x 75cm) extension was 

excavated to the west of the original test. At a depth of 70cm below surface, the remains of a mortar-lined pit were discovered. The top of this

feature was disturbed by the circa-1904 steam heat lines. The fill inside

this feature consisted of gleyed silts of very light brown and yellow colors, 

with an occasional piece of charcoal, bone, and undecorated whiteware. A 

single 1” core sample indicated the feature fill extended to a depth of 1.6m 

below the present ground surface (90cm below the point where the feature 

was delimited). At that depth, another concentration of mortar—indicating 

a mortar-lined floor—was hit with the core. This feature may represent the 

remains of a mid-19th century outbuilding. Its close association with the

cistern [Feature A], as well as its great depth below the present ground 

surface, argues for an early date for these features. Perchance, this could

be the “root cellar” referred to in the 1854 sale bill listing the house for 

sale by Doctor Kalley. [Mansberger 1987:70, 74] 

His speculation that Feature B might be a root cellar is understandable, given what 

Mansberger knew at the time from documentary sources and the limited archeological 

information available to him. Complete excavation of the feature in 1989, however, 

leaves little doubt that the feature was an early cistern, perhaps directly associated with 

the former outbuilding that Mansberger was hoping to intersect with his Test 9. Its manner of construction argues for a mid-19th-century origin for the cistern, as do the artifacts

found in its relatively undisturbed fill. 

This cistern was built simply by excavating a cylindrical hole in the backyard and

applying a layer of mortar to its floor and walls to make it watertight. Centered near the

S2/E2 grid stake, approximately one-quarter of the feature was present in four adjacent 

test units (Figure 12). Excavated in halves, the cistern proved to measure slightly less

than 2 m in diameter and about a meter deep (though it is impossible to determine the

precise depth relative to the original ground surface owing to loss of its top). In English

scale, the volumetric capacity of the Feature B would have been approximately 100 cu ft 

or about 750 gallons of water. Thus, despite the fact that this cistern was much shallower 

than Feature A by more than half, both probably held about the same amount of water, 

owing to the larger diameter of Feature B. 

8
Of particular note is a rectangular mark near the center of Feature B’s mortar-lined 

floor (Figure 13). Doubtless resulting from the weight of an object, apparently put in 

place while the mortar was still not completely dry, this impression almost certainly

represents the position of the cistern pump. Further, its size and shape would suggest that 

the pump was of the bucket-chain variety and housed in a rectangular box or frame. 

Artifacts recovered from Feature B (Table 9) suggest early construction and use of

the cistern, but are not diagnostic of a narrow time period. Among the materials recovered from the first 10-cm layer of cistern fill are two molded white ironstone rim sherds 

that appear to be of the “Columbia” shape, which was adopted by many potters after initial registration in 1855 (Wetherbee 1980:53-54). Another white ironstone rim from the 

east half of that level was identified as being similar to J. Clementson’s “Dallas” shape,

which was also registered in 1855 (Wetherbee 1980:55). Other potters also made round 

and octagonal vessels with essentially the same mold pattern, and so it would be impossible to determine whose product these were without the clue of a marked sherd. Annulardecorated and flow blue ceramic sherds were found in several of the levels and represent 

wares that were extremely popular in the middle of the 19th century. 

Feature C 

The third and last major cultural feature recorded in 1989 was yet another cistern—

probably the last one to be built in backyard of the Sarah Cook House. Unlike the other 

two, this cistern was still largely intact and abandoned in place with no major subsequent 

disturbances (Figures 14 and 15). The farthest away from the present rear of the house, 

Feature C was apparently the destination for the ceramic conduits exposed while excavating in the Feature B vicinity. Most of Feature C’s reservoir cavity had been filled to 

the height of its walls, but there were still air voids immediately below the domed cap. 

A large amount of material was recovered from the cistern fill, but little of it is 

tightly diagnostic (Table 10). The general conclusion one reaches in examining the assemblage is that the artifacts are of the late 19th or early 20th century. In the final layer of 

soil taken out of the cavity there were 297 wire nails and 25 cut nails, which is a clear 

indication of mixed deposits. 

Because of its distance from the rear of the house, construction project planners felt 

it would be possible to avoid Feature C entirely when the ramp was to be cut down to the 

basement floor. Accordingly, its position was marked with a wooden stake when the excavations were back-filled. This would facilitate avoidance of the cistern when construction work began. 

9
Conclusion 

The intensive archeological investigations carried out at the Sarah Cook House

in1989 produced a substantial amount of data on the area immediately adjacent to the rear 

of that mid-19th-century structure. Despite the superposition of deposits over the course 

of approximately 150 years, a great deal of information was still retrievable in close proximity to the house. In particular, the remains of three cultural features, all cisterns, were 

examined. One of the three cisterns was previously known from Mansberger’s earlier 

preliminary investigations of 1986, but it was not completely excavated at that time. Another was also located in 1986, but could not be identified correctly to function from that 

limited encounter. The third and probably latest cistern to be built and used at the Sarah

Cook House was first disclosed by the 1989 excavations and marked for avoidance at the 

end of the field project. 

Despite the large area opened up at the rear of the Sarah Cook House, excavators did 

not find any major features other than the three cisterns. It seems particularly odd that a

well would not have been present in that area, as they are not only common features associated with mid-19th-century homes they were also necessary before city water was 

introduced in the late 19th century. Indeed, there is specific reference to a well, root cellar, cistern, and stables in an 1854 advertisement for sale of the property. It may be that 

the original well was removed when the backhouse was extended (there is a remote

chance that the deep cylindrical cistern, Feature A, was originally a well), or it may have 

been located south of the area examined in 1989. 

The restoration of the Sarah Cook House is now long completed, and the building

has been used as office space in the park’s historic leasing program for a number of 

years. The archeological investigations reported here, of course, were focused upon a 

limited area that would be directly affected by construction activities related to replacement of the house foundation. There is little doubt that substantial archeological deposits 

are present elsewhere on the property, particularly at the rear of the lot. Accordingly, any 

future development that may be contemplated on the Sarah Cook House may require additional investigation to ensure that the effects of the undertaking are taken into consideration and significant remains are not inadvertently lost. 

10
References Cited 

Bearss, Edwin C. 

1969 Historical Base Map: Proposed Lincoln Home National Historical Park. National Park 

Service, Washington, DC. 

1977 Historic Resource Study and Historic Structure Report: Historical Data, Blocks 6 and 

11, Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Springfield, Illinois. National Park Service, Denver 

Service Center, Denver. 

Fike, Richard E. 

1987 The Bottle Book: A Comprehensive Guide to Historic, Embossed Bottles. Peregrine

Smith Books, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Friedman, S. Morgan 

2000 The Inflation Calculator <http:\\www.westegg.com/inflation/>. 

Koch, Augustus 

1873 Bird’s Eye View of Springfield, Illinois. Map reposited at Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield. 

Frost, Forest 

1997 Archeological Determination of the Configuration and Size of the Arnold Barn and 

Mitigation of Construction-Related Impacts, Lincoln Home National Historic Site. Technical

Report No. 55. National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, Lincoln, Nebraska. 

Godden, Geoffrey A. 

1964 Encyclopaedia of British Pottery and Porcelain Marks. Crown Publishers, Inc., New 

York. 

Mansberger, Floyd 

1987 Archeological Investigations at the Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Springfield, Illinois. Report prepared for National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, Lincoln,

Nebraska. Northern Illinois University, Dekalb. 

Newman, T. Stell 

1970 A Dating Key for Post-Eighteenth Century Bottles. Historical Archaeology 4:70-75. 

Noble, Vergil E. 

2001 Archeological Investigations Relating to Restoration of the Charles E. Arnold House, 

Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Sangamon County, Springfield, Illinois. Technical

Report No. 71. National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, Lincoln, Nebraska. 

McCain, Mollie Helen 

1979 Pattern Glass Primer: A Pattern Guide to Early American Pressed Glass. Lamplighter 

Books, Leon, Iowa. 

11
Osborn, Alan J. 

2001 Archeological Overview and Assessment of Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Sangamon County, Springfield, Illinois. Technical Report No. 72. National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, Lincoln, Nebraska. 

Potter, C. 

1854 City of Springfield, Sangamon County, Ills. Hart and Mapother, New York. Map 

reposited at Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield. 

Ruger, A. 

1867 Springfield, Illinois, Drawn from Nature by A. Ruger. Chicago. Map reposited at Illinois 

State Historical Library, Springfield. 

Sanborn Map & Publishing Co. 

1884 Springfield, Illinois. Map reposited at the Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield. 

1896 Springfield, Illinois. Map reposited at the Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield. 

1917 Springfield, Illinois. Map reposited at the Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield. 

1941 Springfield, Illinois. Map reposited at the Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield. 

1952 Springfield, Illinois. Map reposited at the Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield. 

Sides, William (Surveyor and Publisher)

1858 City of Springfield, Sangamon County, Ills. R.L. Barnes, Philadephia. Map reposited at 

Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield. 

Wetherbee, Jean 

1980 A Look at White Ironstone. Wallace-Homestead, Des Moines, Iowa. 

Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. 

1988 Historic Structure Report, Cook House (HS-19), Lincoln Home National Historic Site, 

Springfield, Illinois. Report submitted to National Park Service, Midwest Regional Office, 

Omaha, Nebraska. 

12
 

Table 1. Artifact groupings by level, 2S/0E.

Description Level: 1 2 3 4a 4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 8c 8d 8e 

Total 

Flat glass 15 20 42 51 62 21 35 40 12 19 14 12 2 — 4 4 353 

Curved glass 

colorless 1 9 21 13 33 9 6 6 10 3 3 — — 1 — — 15

aqua 2 2 5 11 16 8 2 5 — 3 2 — — — — — 56

amber — — 2 1 1 — 2 — — — — — — — — — 6 

green 1 — 1 1 3 — — — — — — — — — — — 6 

chimney — 2 — 7 2 — 3 — 10 — — — — — — — 24 

other 2 — 6 5 7 — 2 — 1 — 4 — — 1 — — 28

Milk glass tile 2 5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7 

Pressed purple flat glass — 1 1 2 1 — — — — — — — — — — — 5 

Mirror glass — — 1 — 2 — — 1 — 1 — — — — — — 5 

Textured plate glass — — 3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3 

Melted glass — — — 1 2 — — — — — 1 — — — — — 4 

Opal jar lid liner — — — — — — 2 — — — — — — — — — 2 

Plate glass — — — — — — — — 1 — 1 — — — — — 2 

Ceramics 

whiteware 8 8 16 11 42 48 10 26 2 22 12 12 15 5 — 2 239 

yellowware — — 1 — — 15 10 2 2 — 1 1 — — — — 32 

redware — 1 4 12 4 5 — 2 6 1 2 2 2 — — — 41

stoneware — 1 1 — 2 2 — 2 — 2 2 — — — — 1 13 

porcelain — 1 1 3 2 — — 3 2 2 — 1 — — — — 15

other — 2 — 3 — 2 1 — — — — — — — — — 8 

Ceramic insulator — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Ceramic drain tile 1 — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Porcelain figurine frag — — 1 2 1 1 1 — — — — — — — — — 6 

White clay pipe frag — 1 — — — 1 — 1 — — — — — — 1 — 4 

Cut nail 4 12 20 20 45 6 10 18 3 25 18 9 1 1 2 — 194 

Wire nail 10 3 5 14 1 — 2 — — 3 — — — — — — 38 

Roofing nail 3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3 

Finishing nail 9 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9 

Misc ferrous metal 8 1 15 7 2 1 1 — 2 3 1 2 1 1 — 1 46

Misc copper item 1 3 1 — 1 — 3 — — — — — — — — — 9 

Misc non-ferrous metal 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Bone 4 10 15 26 56 28 10 41 4 39 20 12 1 6 2 3 277 

Teeth — — — — — — — — — 2 — — — — — — 2 

Shell — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — 1 

Slate 1 — 2 1 2 — — — — 1 2 — — — — — 9 

Button 1 2 — 3 2 — — 2 — — — — — — — — 10 

Brick 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Plastic comb fragment — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Charcoal — 1 — 3 — — 1 — — — — — — — — — 5 

Anthracite — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Hard rubber comb frag — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Marble — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Brass belt buckle — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Hook and eye closure — — 1 — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — 2 

Plated shaker top — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1

Slag — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Mortar — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Misc hard rubber — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Jewelry — — — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Grommet — — — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Porc/brass drawer knob — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — 1 

Bone handle frag — — — — — — 3 — — — — — — — — — 3 

Clothing rivet — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — 1 

.22-caliber shell casing — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — 1

Harmonica piece — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — 1 

 

Totals 74 91 168 199 296 147 108 150 55 127 83 51 22 15 9 11 1,606

Notes: 4a = South 2/3 of unit; 4b = North 1/3 of unit; 5a = North 1/3 of unit; 5b = South 2/3 of unit; 6a = North 1/3 of unit; 6b = South 2/3 of unit;

 7a = North 1/3 of unit 7b = South 2/3 of unit; 8a = East post molds; 8b = West post molds; 8c = South 2/3 of unit; 8d = Trench cross 

section;

 8e = Profile trench

 

13
Table 2. Artifact groupings by level, 2S/2E. 

Description 1 2 3 4a 4b 5a 5b 5c 6a 6b 6c Total 

Flat glass 35 206 209 253 11 112 19 — 7 11 3 866 

Curved glass 

 colorless 3 77 54 21 — 6 1 — 1 1 — 164 

 aqua 4 10 19 9 1 8 3 — — 3 1 58 

 amber 1 1 16 3 — — 1 — — — — 22 

 green — 2 53 21 — — — — — — — 76 

 chimney — 14 14 — — 7 — — — 1 — 36 

 other 17 95 177 27 9 2 5 — 3 1 — 336 

Plate glass 1 3 — — — — — — — — — 4 

Melted glass 1 8 5 1 — — — — — — — 15 

Whole bottle 1 — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Textured plate glass — 5 1 — — — — — — — — 6 

Whole vial — — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 

Glass insulator — — — — — — 1 — — — — 1 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 6 34 61 46 3 53 3 3 19 1 8 237 

 yellowware 3 1 1 7 — — — — — — — 12 

 redware — 24 23 88 2 20 3 — 1 2 — 163 

 stoneware 1 56 2 11 — 4 1 — — 2 11 88 

 porcelain — 14 13 10 — 11 — — 1 1 1 51 

 other 2 — — 1 — 3 1 — — — — 7 

Ceramic drain tile 1 2 1 — — 1 — — — — — 5 

Porcelain figurine/doll frag — 1 5 — — — — — — — — 6 

Ceramic tile — — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 

White clay pipe frag — — 1 — — 1 — — — — — 2 

Cut nail 9 71 128 103 8 47 11 1 34 12 11 435 

Wire nail — — 1 — — — 2 — 7 — — 10 

Other nail — — — — — — — — — 2 — 2 

Misc ferrous metal 4 28 28 28 11 14 6 — 8 1 — 128 

Misc non-ferrous metal 5 — 2 — — 2 — — — — — 9 

Misc copper item — 1 2 — — 4 — — — — — 7 

Misc brass item 1 — — 1 — — — — — — — 2 

Bone 5 76 177 148 4 64 15 3 10 19 6 527 

Shell 1 6 4 — — — — — 2 — — 13 

Tooth — — — — — 1 — — — — — 1 

Slag 1 4 3 2 — 1 — — — — — 11 

Slate — 5 6 — — — — — — — — 11 

Coal/charcoal — 1 2 — — — — — — 6 1 10 

Wood — 1 1 1 — — — — — — 1 4 

Brick — 2 3 — — 1 — — — — — 6 

Carbon rod — 1 1 — — — — — — — — 2 

Button — 7 3 1 — — 1 — — 1 — 13 

Glass bead — 4 — — — — — — — — — 4 

Screw-on cap — 2 — — — — — — — — — 2 

Toothpaste tube frag — 1 — — — — — — — — — 1 

Brass belt buckle — 3 — — — — — — — — — 3 

Pencil part — 1 1 — 1 — — — — 1 — 4 

Hook and eye closure — 1 — 1 — — — — — — — 2 

Eggshell — — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 

Copper token — — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 

Drawer handle — — 2 — — — — — — — — 2 

Shoelace hook — — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 

Slate pencil — — 1 1 — — — — — — — 2 

Straight pins — — 3 1 — — 1 — — — — 5 

Lantern parts — — 1 11 — — — — — — — 12 

Mica — — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 

Leather — — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 

Plaster — — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 

.32-caliber shell casing — — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 

Misc hard rubber — — — — — 1 — — — — — 1 

Limestone — — — — — — — — — 1 1 2 

Mortar — — — — — — — — — — 1 1 

 

Totals 102 768 1031 798 50 363 74 7 93 66 45 3,397 

 

 Notes: 4a = General fill; 4b = Drainage trench fill; 5a = Trench fill; 5b = Drainage trench fill; 5c = Post hole; 

 6a = General fill; 6b = Stain I; 6c = Stain II 

 

14

 
 

Table 2a. Artifact groupings by level, 2S/2E balk removal. 

 

Description Layer: III IV V VI VII Total 

 

 

Flat glass 6 12 8 4 6 36 

Curved glass 

 colorless 4 1 — — 3 8 

 aqua 2 — 1 — — 3 

 amber — — — — 1 1 

 green 1 — — — — 1 

 chimney — 2 — 1 — 3 

 other 2 1 1 — 1 5 

Melted glass — 1 1 — — 2 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 4 6 6 1 2 19 

 yellowware 1 — 4 — — 5 

 redware — 2 2 — — 4 

 stoneware 10 1 1 — — 12 

 porcelain 1 1 3 — — 5 

Porcelain doll fragment — 1 — — — 1 

White clay pipe fragment — 1 — 1 1 3 

Cut nail 2 2 8 1 4 17 

Wire nail 2 4 — — — 6 

Misc ferrous metal 1 — 1 2 3 7 

Misc copper items — 2 2 — 1 5 

Bone 1 3 5 8 6 23 

Shell — — 2 — — 2 

Mortar — 2 — — — 2 

White clay pipe fragment — 1 — 1 1 3 

 

Totals 37 43 45 19 29 173 

 

15
 

Table 3. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/0E. 

Description Level: 1 2 3 4a 4b 4c 4d 5a 5b 5c 5d 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e Total 

Flat glass 20 20 144 75 5 6 27 30 34 6 4 20 3 9 8 3 414 

Curved glass 

 colorless 13 24 60 20 3 1 8 28 10 1 7 6 2 8 6 3 200 

 aqua 1 13 12 8 — 2 1 4 3 2 — 4 5 7 1 2 65 

 amber — 1 5 1 — — — 1 — — — — — — — — 8 

 green 1 2 1 — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — 5 

 chimney — — 11 4 — — — 121 — — — 4 — — — — 140 

 other 4 — 30 9 3 — — 6 4 — 3 1 — — — 4 64 

Pressed purple flat glass 1 — — — — — — — — 1 1 — — — — — 3 

Pressed aqua flat glass 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Mirror glass 1 — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — 2 

Melted glass — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — — 1 — 3 

Glass insulator — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Whole bottles — — — — — 4 — — — — — — — — — — 4 

Flat Milk glass — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — 1 

Textured plate glass — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — 1 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 9 12 33 20 — — 2 27 6 4 6 1 4 8 2 1 135 

 yellowware — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — 1 — 2 

 redware 1 1 15 5 4 — 4 — 1 3 3 1 3 2 — — 43 

 stoneware 5 3 8 1 — — — — 1 2 — — 1 — — — 21 

 porcelain 3 — 6 1 — 1 — 3 — — — 1 2 2 — — 19 

 other — — — — — — 2 1 — — — — — — — — 3 

Ceramic insulator 5 — 4 1 3 1 — — — — — — — — — — 14 

Ceramic drain tile 3 — 1 — — — — — — — 1 — — — 1 — 6 

Porcelain figurine/doll frag 3 1 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6 

Ceramic tile — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Red clay pipe frag — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Cut nail 20 26 77 49 12 6 19 40 28 17 21 6 7 10 3 8 349 

Wire nail 64 10 40 — 13 1 3 13 — 2 6 1 4 2 5 — 164 

Roofing nail 1 1 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3 

Other nail 7 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7 

Misc ferrous metal 30 3 41 7 2 3 11 15 2 — 1 2 — — 1 — 118 

Misc non-ferrous metal — — 1 — — — — 2 1 — — — — 1 — 5 

Misc copper item — — 10 — 1 — 2 — — — 1 — — — — 2 16 

Misc brass item — — — — — — — 1 — — — 1 — — — 1 3 

Zinc jar lid — — — — — — — 2 — — — — — — — — 2 

Bone 10 10 107 69 14 10 29 102 54 14 11 14 9 20 12 2 487 

Shell — — 10 3 — — 7 — — 1 3 1 2 1 — — 28 

Teeth — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Slate 3 — 1 — — 1 — — — — 2 — 1 — — 2 10 

Brick 3 — 16 — — 1 — 6 1 1 1 — 2 3 3 — 37 

Mortar 7 — 6 1 2 1 8 2 1 2 2 — — 4 4 — 40 

Drill bit 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Pop top 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Crown caps 2 — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3 

Copper ornament 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Metal cap 1 — 2 — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — 4 

Button 1 — 15 4 1 — 2 2 5 1 — — — 1 3 1 36 

Wood — 4 18 5 — — 3 11 — — 4 2 3 1 1 20 72 

Slag — 1 8 1 1 — — — 3 1 2 3 1 — — 1 22 

Tar — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Rubber — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Grommet — 1 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3 

Bone handle fragment — 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Limestone — — 3 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3 

Concrete — — 1 — — — 2 — — — — — 2 — — 3 8 

Screw-on cap — — 8 — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — 9 

Plastic hair pin — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Stick pin fragment — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Mica — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Pencil parts — — 1 — — 2 1 — — — — — — — — — 4 

Metal buckle — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Marbles — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Plastic handle fragment — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Drainplug chain attachment — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

.22-caliber shell casing — — 1 — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — 2 

.45-caliber shell casing — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Ceramic bead — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Charcoal/coal — — — 3 1 — 4 7 — 1 — 1 — 10 1 1 29 

 

16
 

Table 3. Continued. 

 

Description Level: 1 2 3 4a 4b 4c 4d 5a 5b 5c 5d 6a 6b 6c 6d 6e Total 

Insulated wire — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Pewter lid — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Celluloid comb frag — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Garter hook — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Plastic disk — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — 1 

Misc hard rubber — — — — — — 1 2 — — — — — — — 1 4 

Gold pen quill — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 

Celluloid hair pin — — — — — — — — 1 — — — 1 — — — 2 

Plaster — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — 1 2 

Eggshell — — — — — — — — — — 19 — — — 5 — 24 

Skeleton key — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — 1 

Carbon rod — — — — — — — — — — 1 1 — — — — 2 

Luggage latch — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — 1 

 

Totals 223 137 717 293 67 40 140 427 156 61 103 70 53 88 59 56 2,690 

 

 Notes: 4a = Area 1; 4b = Area 2a; 4c = Area 2b; 4d = Area 3; 5a = Area 1; 5b = Area 2; 5c = Area 3; 5d = Area 4; 6a = East steam pipe trench; 

 6b = South steam pipe trench; 6c = Mottled dark clay; 6d = Mottled light clay; 6c = Ash filled area 

 

17

 

Table 3a. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/0E 

 balk removal. 

 

Description Level: 1 

 

Flat glass 11 

Curved glass 

 colorless 5 

 amber 1 

 chimney 3 

Opal jar lid liner 2 

Whiteware 2 

Misc ferrous metal 3 

Zinc jar lid fragment 14 

Bone 7 

Shell 1 

Slag 1 

Mortar 1 

Straight pin 1 

 

Total 52 

 
 

Table 4. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/2E. 

 

Description Level: 2 3 4 5 6 Total 

 

Flat glass 700 236 77 69 15 1,097 

Curved glass 

 colorless 49 33 8 4 3 97 

 aqua 8 14 8 5 2 37 

 amber 4 3 — — — 7 

 green 2 1 — — — 3 

 chimney 27 13 — 1 3 44 

 other 25 11 9 5 1 51 

Textured plate glass 1 1 1 — — 3 

Melted glass 1 — — — — 1 

Whole bottle — 2 — — — 2 

Opal jar lid liner — 2 — — — 2 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 83 37 17 33 22 192 

 yellowware 2 — 1 10 — 13 

 redware 5 22 8 — 4 39 

 stoneware 2 5 — — 2 9 

 porcelain 17 2 1 2 2 24 

Porcelain doll fragment 1 — — — — 1 

Ceramic drain tile 2 — 1 — — 3 

Ceramic insulator 2 — — — — 2 

Cut nail 88 29 17 11 7 152 

Wire nail 2 1 — — — 3 

Other nail 1 — — — — 1 

Misc ferrous metal 10 15 22 11 — 58 

Misc nonferrous metal 8 2 — — — 10 

Misc copper item 5 — — — — 5 

Zinc jar lid fragment — 7 — — — 7 

Misc brass item 2 — 1 2 1 6 

Bone 120 106 76 117 44 463 

Shell 6 1 — 1 1 9 

Mortar 7 1 1 — — 9 

Slate 14 3 4 1 — 22 

Slag 5 — 4 — — 9 

Brick 2 — 2 1 — 5 

Light bulb part 1 — — — — 1 

Mica 1 — — — — 1 

Button 10 5 2 2 1 20 

Clothing rivet 1 — — — — 1 

Graphite bar 1 — — — — 1 

1919 “Winged Liberty” dime 1 — — — — 1 

Toothpaste tube parts 3 — — — — 3 

Insulated cable 1 — — — — 1 

.22-caliber shell casing 1 — — — — 1 

.50-caliber shell casing — — — 1 — 1 

Jewelry 2 — — — — 2 

Glass rod 1 — — — — 1 

Coal/charcoal — 2 2 — — 4 

Milk glass jar with lid — 1 — — — 1 

Safety pin — 3 — — — 3 

Plaster — — 1 — — 1 

Misc hard rubber — — 1 — — 1 

Slate pencil — — — 2 — 2 

Grommet — — — — 1 1 

 

Totals 1,224 558 264 278 109 2,433 

 

18
 

Table 4a. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/2E balk removal. 

 

Description 1 2 Total 

 

Flat glass 14 40 54 

Curved glass 

 colorless 5 5 10 

 aqua — 4 4 

 green 1 — 1 

 chimney 1 1 2 

 other — 1 1 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 1 9 10 

 redware 4 5 9 

 stoneware — 1 1 

 porcelain 1 — 1 

 other — 1 1 

Cut nail 7 9 16 

Wire nail 3 — 3 

Misc ferrous metal 8 4 12 

Bone 3 21 24 

Shell — 1 1 

Slate 1 — 1 

White clay pipe fragment 1 — 1 

1878 “Indian Head” penny 1 — 1 

.32-caliber shell casing 1 — 1 

Utensil handle 1 1 2 

Plastic cup — 1 1 

Misc hard rubber — 1 1 

 

Totals 53 105 158 

 

 Notes: 1 = Balk removal and clean up; 2 = Level 2, 2855 cmbs 

 

19
20

 

Table 4b. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/2E w est wal l.

 

Description Level: 1 2 3 4 Total 

 

Flat glass 3 3 3 12 21 

Curved glass 

 colorless 1 1 2 5 9 

 aqua 1 — 6 6 13 

 chimney 1 1 2 5 9 

 other 1 1 1 1 4 

Whiteware — 1 1 5 7 

Ceramic insulator — — 1 — 1 

Cut nail 1 — 4 14 19 

Wire nail 5 4 4 3 16 

Roofing nail 1 4 — — 5 

Misc ferrous metal 4 2 — — 6 

Bone — — 3 19 22 

Slate 1 — — 3 4 

Misc hard rubber — — — 1 1 

Slag 1 — — — 1 

Brick 1 — — 2 3 

Pencil lead 1 — — — 1 

Button — — — 1 1 

 

Totals 22 17 27 77 143 

 

 Notes: 1 = West wall 1st soil zone; 2 = West wall 2nd soil zone; 

 3 = West wall 3rd soil zone; 4 = west wall 4th soil zone, mottled clay 

 
 

Table 5. Artifact groupings by level, 4S/4E. 

Description Level: 1 2 3 4 5a 5b 6a 6b 6c 7a 7b 7c 8 9 Total 

Flat glass 87 81 177 327 20 3 23 10 2 28 15 11 5 7 796 

Curved glass 

 colorless 11 15 39 44 11 2 4 — — 11 — — — — 137 

 aqua 8 4 12 22 5 — 5 — — 5 1 3 — 1 66 

 amber 1 1 — — — — — — — 2 — 1 — — 5 

 green 1 — 3 1 1 — — — — — — 1 — — 7 

 chimney 1 4 4 8 — — — — — — — — — — 17 

 other 4 9 9 10 — 1 3 — — 5 1 2 — — 44 

Textured plate glass 1 — 4 2 — — — 1 — — 1 — — — 9 

Melted glass — 1 — — — — — — — 2 — 1 — — 4 

Mirror glass — — 3 1 — — — — — — — — — — 4 

Plate glass — — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Pressed purple flat glass — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 16 19 36 53 19 5 20 1 — 44 5 10 2 15 245 

 yellowware 2 — 1 4 1 — 1 — — 1 — — — — 10 

 redware 4 8 18 50 28 2 10 2 — 8 — 3 — 2 135 

 stoneware — 2 2 9 1 2 — — — 1 — — — — 17 

 porcelain 1 2 8 4 3 — 3 — — 3 1 1 — — 26 

 other — 1 1 7 — — — — — — — — — — 9 

Ceramic drain tile 6 5 — — — 3 1 — — — — — — — 15 

Ceramic insulators 2 — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — 3 

Miniature tea service frag — 1 1 — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Porcelain figurine/doll frag — — — 7 — — — — — — — — — — 7 

Cut nail 6 8 29 71 23 3 18 2 — 24 10 9 — 4 207 

Wire nail 4 2 7 5 1 — — — — — — — — — 19 

Roofing nail — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Misc ferrous metal 9 11 11 7 5 1 8 1 — 2 1 8 6 1 71 

Misc non-ferrous metal 1 4 — — — — — — — — — — — 1 6 

Misc copper item — 3 — 1 1 — — — — — 1 — — — 6 

Misc brass item — — — 1 — — 2 1 — — — — — — 4 

Bone 13 28 80 120 37 10 51 4 2 70 10 14 8 29 476 

Shell — — — 3 — 2 — — — — 3 — — — 8 

Slate 3 10 21 12 5 — 1 4 — 2 1 3 — — 62 

Concrete 1 — — — — — 1 — — 1 — — — — 3 

Limestone 3 3 2 — — — — — — — 1 — — — 9 

Slag/cinders 8 4 9 9 3 — 3 3 — 4 1 1 — — 45 

Brick 19 17 5 8 3 1 4 — — 9 4 2 — 5 77 

Asphalt shingle 5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5 

Mortar 14 10 5 15 5 — 4 — 3 9 1 2 — 2 70 

Charcoal/coal 15 6 11 12 4 1 8 — — — — 1 — 3 61 

Grommet 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Pipe insulation — 3 — — — — — — 1 — — — — — 4 

Plaster — 9 — — — — — — — — — — — — 9 

Makeup compact frag — 13 — — — — — — — — — — — — 13 

Wood — — 4 1 4 — — — — 3 — — — — 12 

Leather — — 4 — — — — — — — — — — — 4 

Slate pencil — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Plastic — — 3 — — — — — — — — — — — 3 

Misc hard rubber — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Rubber washer — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Button — — 1 4 1 — 1 — — 1 — 2 1 1 12 

.22-caliber shell casing — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — 1 

.50-caliber shell casing — — — 2 — — — — — — — — — — 2 

Celluloid pipe stem tip — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Bone handle fragment — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Marble — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — — 1 

Plaster — — — — — — 1 — — — — 2 — — 3 

Electrical shunt plate frag — — — — — — — 2 — — — — — — 2 

Bone toothbrush head — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — 1 

Tooth — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 — 1 

 

Total 247 284 515 827 182 37 172 31 8 236 57 77 23 71 2,767 

 

 Notes: 5a = General fill; 5b = Worker’s trench; 6a = General fill; 6b = Worker’s trench; 6c = Mansberger’s TU 9; 7a = General fill; 

 7b = Pipe trench; 7c = Mansberger’s TU 9 

 

21
 

Table 6. Artifact groupings by level, 6S/2E. 

Description Level: 3a 3b 4 5 Total 

Flat glass 270 223 153 127 773 

Curved glass 

 colorless 21 10 76 16 123 

 aqua 4 1 22 22 49 

 amber 9 — 3 4 16 

 green — — 2 — 2 

 other 1 — 1 5 7 

Whole bottle 1 — — 2 3 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 19 — 11 22 52 

 Yelloware 1 — — 1 2 

 redware 4 — 10 8 22 

 stoneware — 1 4 1 6 

 porcelain 4 1 2 10 17 

Ceramic drain tile 4 — — 4 8 

Ceramic insulator 1 — — 1 2 

Minature tea service fragment — — 2 3 5 

Cut nails 22 2 22 45 91 

Wire nails 1 — — 7 8 

Misc ferrous metal 5 2 — 8 15 

Misc nonferrous metal 7 — 9 — 16 

Misc copper items 1 — — — 1 

Misc brass items — — 1 — 1 

Zinc jar lid fragment — — 6 — 6 

Bone 51 3 38 75 167 

Shell 1 — 2 4 7 

Slag 7 10 1 2 20 

Wood 2 — — — 2 

Mortar 2 — 2 4 8 

Slate 1 — 2 2 5 

Brick 1 — — — 1 

Marble 1 — — — 1 

Bead 1 — — — 1 

Button 1 3 4 — 8 

Door knob fragment 2 — — — 2 

Rubber belt 1 — — — 1 

Bottle stopper 1 — — — 1 

Hook and eye closure parts 1 — — — 1 

Pin — 1 — — 1 

.22-caliber shell casing — — 1 — 1 

Shot gun shell casing — — 1 1 2 

.32-caliber shell casing — — — 2 2 

Carbon battery rod — — 1 1 2 

Crown cap — — 1 — 1 

Clothing rivet — — 1 — 1 

Grommet — — 1 — 1 

Plaster — — — 1 1 

Pocket knife — — — 1 1 

Porcelain doll fragment — — — 1 1 

Pencil lead — — — 3 3 

 

Totals 449 257 379 383 1,468 

 

 Notes: 3a = General fill; 3b = Northwest 1/4 of unit 

 

22
 

Table 7. Artifact groupings by level, 8S/4E. 

Description Level: 1 2 3 4 5 6a 6b 6c 7a 7b 7c 8a 8b 9 Total 

Flat glass — 4 5 3 70 108 — 22 3 1 13 1 18 2 250 

Curved glass 

 colorless — — 8 — 8 26 — 11 — — 2 — 4 2 61 

 aqua — 1 1 — 17 16 — 9 — 4 — — — 1 49 

 amber — — 4 — 6 10 — 8 1 — — 1 — — 30 

 green — — — — — 1 — 1 — — — — — — 2 

 chimney — — — — 2 8 — 7 — — 2 — 1 — 20 

 other — — 7 — 8 18 6 — 1 2 7 — 2 — 51 

Mirror glass — 1 — — — — — — — — 2 — 1 — 4 

Plate glass — — — — 1 1 — — — — — — — — 2 

Whole bottle — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — 1 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 1 — 4 3 21 45 10 36 1 2 41 2 21 2 189 

 yellowware — — — — 1 9 — — — — — 1 — 1 12 

 redware — 2 — — 8 — — 17 2 — 6 1 12 — 48 

 stoneware — 1 1 — 2 3 — — — — — — — 1 8 

 porcelain — — 5 — 10 8 1 2 — — 3 1 2 — 32 

 other — — — — — — — 2 — — — — — — 2 

Ceramic tile — — 3 — — — — — — — — — — — 3 

Ceramic drain tile — — — — — — — 1 — — — — 1 — 2 

White clay pipe frag — — — — 1 3 1 — — — 1 — 1 — 7 

Miniature tea service frag — — — — 3 — — — — — — — — — 3 

Porcelain figurin/doll frag — — — — 1 2 1 — — — — — — — 4 

Cut nail 1 1 — — 39 54 — 27 — 4 10 1 10 — 147 

Wire nail 4 — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — 5 

Other nail 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Misc ferrous metal 1 — 1 — 8 — — 16 — 1 — 1 7 — 35 

Misc non-ferrous metal — — — — 2 — — — — — — 1 — 3 

Misc brass item — — — — 6 — — 2 — — 1 — — — 9 

Misc copper item — — — — — 1 — — — — — 2 — — 3 

Bone — 1 17 5 48 142 11 99 10 — 57 — 46 33 469 

Shell — — — — 12 — 1 1 1 — 1 — — — 16 

Button — — 1 2 3 — 6 — — — 1 — 1 — 14 

Coal/charcoal — — — — 7 5 — 8 1 2 5 4 5 2 39 

Brick — — — — 3 10 1 4 3 — 6 1 4 4 36 

Slate — — — — 2 — — 4 — — — — — — 6 

Wood — — — — 12 — — — — — — — — — 12 

Slate pencil — — — — 2 — 2 — — — — — — — 4 

.22-caliber shell casing — — — — 3 1 1 — — — — — — — 5 

Slag — — — — 9 3 — 6 — — 1 1 2 — 22 

Leather scrap — — — — 3 3 — — — — — — — — 6 

Marble — — — — 1 — — — — — — 1 — — 2 

Plaster — — — — — 4 — — — — 3 — 6 3 16 

Mortar — — — — — 5 2 4 1 — 4 — 3 1 20 

Misc hard rubber — — — — — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 

Limestone — — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — 1 

 

Total 8 11 57 13 317 490 43 288 24 17 166 18 148 52 1,652 

 

 

Notes: 6a = G orker’s trench; 7a = General fill; 7b = Area A; 7c = Area B; 8a = General fill; 8b = Area B 

 eneral fill; 6b = W

23
 

Table 8. Artifact groupings by level, Feature A. 

 

Description Layer: 1 2 3 4 5 Total 

 

Flat glass 37 34 7 10 19 107 

Curved glass 

 colorless 9 — — 1 44 54 

 aqua 13 1 1 — 2 17 

 chimney 2 — — — — 2 

 other 21 1 1 — 19 42 

Glass vial 1 — — — — 1 

Glass insulator — — — — 2 2 

Opal glass jar lid liner — — — — 1 1 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 5 — 1 4 3 13 

 yellowware — — 2 — 2 

 redware 2 — — — — 2 

 stoneware 1 — — 2 — 3 

 porcelain — — 1 — — 1 

Ceramic drain tile 1 1 — 1 — 3 

Ceramic insulator 2 — — — — 2 

Cut nails 61 90 43 67 5 266 

Wire nails 2 18 14 30 — 64 

Misc ferrous metal 21 3 75 85 10 194 

Misc non-ferrous metal — 8 — — — 8 

Misc copper item 5 — — — — 5 

Bone 43 4 2 12 3 64 

Shell — — — — 1 1 

Slate 2 3 1 1 — 7 

Coal/charcoal 11 1 — — — 12 

Plaster 4 1 3 — 1 9 

Concrete 3 — — — — 3 

Pipe insulation 1 — — — — 1 

Wood 31 7 8 11 10 67 

Clay pipe fragment 1 — — — — 1 

Button 2 — — 1 — 3 

Insulated wire 1 — — — — 1 

Brick — 2 8 6 — 16 

Mortar — 1 1 5 — 7 

Leather footwear — 10 — — — 10 

Wooden rod with brass tip — 1 — 1 — 2 

Eggshell — — — 1 — 1 

Marble fragment — — — 25 — 25 

 

Totals 282 186 166 265 121 1,020 

 

 Notes: 1 = 60-90 cmbs; 2 = 90-120 cmbs; 3 = 120-150 cmbs; 4 = 150-180 cmbs; 5 = 180-241 cmbs 

24
 

Table 9. Artifact groupings by level, Feature B. 

Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 

Flat glass 50 33 3 33 1 — 39 21 43 14 11 2 — 250 

Curved glass 

 colorless 22 9 — 8 — — 7 2 4 8 3 1 — 64 

 aqua 3 2 — 2 — — 2 6 4 3 2 — — 24 

 amber — — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 — 2 

 green — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — 1 

 chimney 13 4 — 4 — — — — — 3 — 1 — 25 

 other 10 9 2 9 — — 3 2 2 3 3 1 — 44 

Melted glass 1 — — — — — 1 2 — — — — — 4 

Opal jar lid liner — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — 1 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 11 16 6 17 — — 69 24 34 9 6 4 — 196 

 yellowware 3 1 — 1 — — — — — — — — — 5 

 redware 14 11 3 12 — — 7 1 1 4 3 1 — 57 

 stoneware 2 2 2 2 — — 8 — 1 — 1 — — 18 

 porcelain 3 — 1 — — — 5 3 3 — 1 1 — 17 

 other 1 — 1 — — — — 4 4 — — — — 10 

Ceramic insulator — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — 1 

Red clay pipe frag 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

White clay pipe frag — — — — — — 1 1 — — — — — 2 

Cut nail 34 17 7 — — — 26 11 21 6 2 — — 124 

Wire nail 1 18 — — — — 1 2 — — 2 — — 24 

Misc ferrous metal 25 — — 36 5 — 3 — 1 1 2 — — 73 

Misc non-ferrous metal — — 2 — — — — — — — — — 2 

Misc copper item 4 — — — — — — 5 4 — — — — 13 

Zinc jar lid fragment — 1 — — — — — — — — 1 — — 2 

Misc brass item — — — — — — — — 1 — — — — 1 

Bone 152 102 27 140 12 ### 42 19 12 37 40 6 — 589 

Teeth — — — — — — 2 — — — — — — 2 

Eggshell 20 — 1 ## ### ### — — — — — — — 21 

Slag 1 — — — — — 1 1 — — — — — 3 

Charcoal/coal 2 7 — 4 ### ### 4 — — — — — — 17 

Hard rubber comb frag 3 1 — 1 — — — 1 — — — — — 6 

Button 2 1 1 1 — — 1 1 2 — — 1 — 10 

Bone handle 1 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 

Mortar — — — — ### — 3 — — — — — 3 6 

Wood — — — — — — 1 — — — — — — 1 

Plaster — — — — — — — 8 — — — — — 8 

Slate pencil — — — — — — — 1 — — — — — 1 

Bone toothbrush head — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — 1 

Brass pen nib fragment — — — — — — — — — — 2 — — 2 

Celluloid comb tooth — — — — — — — — — — 1 — — 1 

Slate — — — — — — — — — — — 1 — 1 

 

Totals 379 234 55 272 18 ### 226 115 137 88 84 20 3 1,631 

 

 Notes: 1 = East 1/2 Layer I 60-80cmbs; 2 = West 1/2 Layer I 60-80cmbs; 3 = Ash lens east 1/2 to 80cm, Layer I 60-80cmbs; 

 4 = Eggshell layer interface between Layers I and II 60-70cmbs; 5 = Eggshell layer interface between Layers I and II, 

 60-70cmbs, flotation sample, heavy fraction; 6 = Eggshell layer interface between Layers I and II 60-70cmbs, flotation 

 sample, light fraction; 7 = West 1/2 Layer II, 80-143cmbs; 8 = East 1/2 Layer III, 130-173cmbs; 9 = West 1/2 Layer III, 

 130-143cmbs; 10 = East 1/2 Layer I steam pipe trench;11 = West 1/2 Layer I steam pipe trench; 12 = Layer I removal of 

 steam pipe trench fill; 13 = Feature B, mortar sample; ## = Large amount; ### = Sample 

 

25
 

Table 10. Artifact groupings by level, Feature C. 

 

Description Level: I II Total 

 

Flat glass 91 2 93 

Curved glass 

 colorless 30 2 32 

 aqua 9 — 9 

 amber 5 — 5 

 chimney 8 16 24 

 other 2 — 2 

Melted glass 1 — 1 

Mirror glass 2 — 2 

Textured plate glass 1 1 2 

Opal jar lid liner 1 — 1 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 15 3 18 

 redware 1 — 1 

 stoneware 2 — 2 

 porcelain 8 — 8 

Ceramic insulator 1 — 1 

Cut nails 37 25 62 

Wire nails 12 297 309 

Roofing nails — 3 3 

Misc ferrous metal 1 6 7 

Bone 69 — 69 

Mortar 3 — 3 

Slate 16 1 17 

Button 5 1 6 

Pin 1 — 1 

Bone hair comb 1 — 1 

Light bulb parts 4 — 4 

.22-caliber shell casing 2 — 2 

Lead shot 1 — 1 

Lead weight 1 — 1 

Slag — 2 2 

Brick — 1 1 

Wood — 8 8 

Fuse — 1 1 

Copper knob — 1 1 

Glass thermometer fragment — 1 1 

 

Totals 330 371 701 

 

 Notes: I = Level 2, 40-60 cmbs; II = to 78 cmbs (50 cm below collar) 

 

26
 

Table 11. Artifact groupings, monitoring 

 

Description No. 

 

Flat glass 1 

Curved glass 

 colorless 3 

 aqua 2 

 amber 1 

 green 1 

 chimney 1 

 other 3 

Plate glass 1 

Pressed blue flat glass 1 

Whole bottles 2 

Ceramics 

 whiteware 49 

 yellowware 2 

 redware 2 

 stoneware 2 

 porcelain 5 

 other 1 

Porcelain figurine fragment 13 

Cast iron half ring 1 

Bone 8 

Shell 2 

Wood 1 

Zinc jar lid with opal liner 1 

Button 1 

Knife 1 

Marble 1 

Wallpaper sample 5 

Unidentified strip with ferrous element 1 

 

Total 113 

 

27
28
Figure 1. The Sarah Cook House as it appeared in 1989: west elevation (top) and south elevation (bottom).

29
EDWARDS STREET

CAPITOL AVENUE

JACKSON STREET

EIG

H

T

H

S

T

R

E

E

T

S

E

V

E

N

T

H

S

T

R

E

E

T

NIN

T

H

S

T

R

E

E

T

Ò

N

Morse

House

Lincoln

Home

Legacy

Garden

Arnold

House

Robinson

House

Shutt

House

Dubois

House

Miller

House

Sprigg

House

Corneau

House

Stuve House

Dean

House

Lyon

House

Beedle

House

Grace Evangelical

Lutheran Church

Visitor Center

HS-12

HS-8

HS-13

HS-1

HS-9

HS-20

HS-11

HS-2

HS-14

HS-15

HS-5

HS-17

HS-19

HS-10

HS-29

BLOCK 6 BLOCK 10

BLOCK 7 BLOCK 11

16

15

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

7

8

7

8

6

5

4

2

1

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Brown

Remann

Worthen

Niles

Bugg

Carrigan

Irwin

Roll

Jenkins

Allen

Burch

Walters

Conference

Center

3

Sarah Cook

House

Figure 2. Location of the Sarah Cook House within Lincoln Home National Historic Site.

30
JACKSON STREET

Sarah

Cook

House

Lincoln

Home

EIG

HTH

STREET

Figure 3. Annotated detail of the M. McManus map, City of Springfield, 1854.

31

ON RTH
1884

1891

1917

1952

1896

Figure 4. Excerpts from five Sanborn fire insurance maps (1884—1952), illustrating changes in the configuration 

of the Sarah Cook House and surrounding property.

ON RTH

32
Figure 5. Preliminary archeological test locations of 1985.

T8

Fireplace

Foundation

Unexcavated Cellar

BASEMENT

T4 – FRONT PORCH

Back Porch

Concrete Slope BASEMENT

and Landing

T2

T3

T1

T7

T9

T6

T5

0

0

2m

8ft

N

33
Figure 6. Archeological block excavation of 1989 showing feature locations ( ) F-A to F-C .

Figure 7. Overview of block excavation area.

Basement

Down

Back

Porch

E0 E2 E4 E6

S2

S0

S4

S6

S8

F-C

F-B

T 9

T 7

F-A

0 1 2 m

0 4 8 ft

N

34
Figure 9. Detail of Feature A to show collar.

Figure 8. General view of Feature A.

35
Figure 11. General view of Feature B before excavation.

Figure 10. Detail of feature A to show brick arch in foundation.

36
Figure 12. General view of Feature B during excavation.

Figure 13. Detail of Feature B to show rectangular impression in floor.

37
Figure 14. General view of Feature C.

Figure 15. Detail of Feature C.

38