NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATE S COUR T OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

___________

No. 2 2

- 1 5 4 1

___________

K A I D

. I N G R A M

,

Appel lant

v.

S C I S M I T H F I E L D ; C

. G O R M A N ; S C I S M I T H F I E L D S U P E R I N T E N D E N T ; S C I

S M I T H F I E L D D E P U T Y S U P E R I N T E N D E N T ; S C I S M I T H F I E L D C O U N S E L O R

A M Y H I N E S ; S C I S M I T H F I E L D U N I T M A N A G E R R U N K ; S C I S M I T H F I E L D

P A R O L E A G E N T C A S N E R ; S C I S M I T H F I E L D P A R O L E A G E N T K E B H E A R T ;

P E N N S Y L V A N I A S T A T E P A R O L E B O A R D ; P E N N S Y L V A N I A P A R O L E

P R E L I M I N A R Y H E A R I N G O F F I C E R ; P A R O L E S U P E R V I S O R S H A N E C

. S T R O H E C K E R ; P A R O L E A G E N T C L I N T C A P R I O ; D I S T R I C T D I R E C T O R O F

P A R O L E K I R K C

. L O O S I ; G R E E N E S C I S U P E R I N T E N D E N T ; G R E E N E S C I

G R I E V A N C E C O O R D I N A T O R ; S C I S M I T H F I E L D L T

. V A U G H N ; S C I

S M I T H F I E L D L

. H O L L I B A U G H

_______________ _______ ____ __________

On Appe al f

rom th e Unite d St ates Di strict Court

for the W e s t e r n Distr ict of P e n n s y l v a n i a

( W

. D. P a

. Civil Action No. 2

- 2 1

- c v

- 0 0 3 5 9 )

Dist rict Judge: Honorabl e M a r i l y n J

. H o r a n

____ _______ ________ _________________

Submitted for Possib le D ism issal Pursuant to 2 8 U. S.C. § 191 5(e)(2) (B) or

Summary Action P ursuant to Thir d Circ u it LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6

October 6, 2022

Before: M C K E E

, G R E E N A W A Y

, J r

. , a n d M A T E Y

, Circuit Jud ges

(Opinion filed January 5, 2023 )

____ _____2 OPIN ION *

_________

PER CURIAM

K a i I n g r a m , a P e n n s y l v a n i a s t a t e prisoner proceed i ng pro se , appeals a n order of

t he Unite d Sta tes Dis trict Court for the W e s t e r n Distri ct of P e n n s y l v a n i a dismissing h is

c i v i l r i g h t s a c t i o n

. F o r t h e r e a s o n s d i s c u s s e d b e l o w

, w e w ill affirm the judgment of the

District C ourt

.

I n g r a m f i l e d a c o m p l a i n t p u r s u a n t t o 4 2 U

. S

. C

. § 1 9 8 3 a g a i n s t S C I

- S m i t h f i e l d

, t h e

P e n n s y l v a n i a P a r o l e B o a r d

, a n d n u m e r o u s i n d i v i d u a l d e f e n d a n t s

. I n g r a m a l l e g e d t h a t o n

F e b r u a r y 3

, 2 0 2 1

, h e s u r r e n d e r e d h i m s e l f t o a p a r o l e o f f i c e d u e t o a f

a i l u r e t o r e p o r t

. H e

w a s d e t a i n e d f

o r s e v e r a l h o u r s a n d t h e n t r a n s f e r r e d t o S C I

- S m i t h f

i e l d

. O n F e b r u a r y 1 0

,

2 0 2 1

, a p a r o l e a g e n t g a v e I n g r a m w r i t t e n n o t i c e o f a p a r o l e v i o l a t i o n

. H e h a d a n i n i t i a l

h e a r i n g o n F e b r u a r y 2 2

, 2 0 2 1

, w h e r e h e e x p r e s s e d h i s c o n c e r n s a s t o t h e l e g a l i t y o f h i s

d e t e n t i o n

.

O n M a r c h 1 1

, 2 0 2 1

, I n g r a m p r e p a r e d h i s c o m p l a i n t

, w h i c h c l a i m e d t h a t h i s a r r e s t

a n d d e t e n t i o n w e r e i l l e g a l b e c a u s e t h e s e v e n

- d a y d e l a y i n r e c e i v i n g n o t i c e o f a p a r o l e

v i o l a t i o n v i o l a t e d t h e F o u r t h A m e n d m e n t a n d h i s r i g h t t o d u e p r o c e s s

. I n g r a m s o u g h t

m o n e y d a m a g e s a n d a n i n j u n c t i o n r e l e a s i n g h i m o n a n a p p r o v e d p a r o l e p l a n

. T h e

d e f e n d a n t s m o v e d t o d i s m i s s t h e c o m p l a i n t f o r f a i l u r e t o s t a t e a c l a i m f

o r r e l i e f

. I n g r a m

* This d i sposition is not a n op inion of the full C ourt and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 d oes not

con st i tu te b inding precedent.3

l a t e r f i l e d a m o t i o n f

o r a p r e l i m i n a r y i n

j u n c t i o n s t a t i n g t h a t h e a l s o s o u g h t a t r a n s f e r t o a

h a l f w a y h o u s e

. 1

T h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t a d o p t e d t h e M a g i s t r a t e J u d g e ’ s r e p o r t s a n d r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s t o

d e n y p r e l i m i n a r y i n

j u n c t i v e r e l i e f a n d g r a n t t h e d e f e n d a n t s ’ m o t i o n t o d i s m i s s I n g r a m ’ s

c o m p l a i n t

. T h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t r u l e d t h a t : ( 1 ) I n g r a m ’ s c l a i m s a g a i n s t S C I S m i t h f i e l d

, t h e

P a r o l e B o a r d

, a n d t h e i n d i v i d u a l d e f e n d a n t s i n t h e i r o f

f i c i a l c a p a c i t i e s w e r e b a r r e d b y

E l e v e n t h A m e n d m e n t i m m u n i t y o r H e c k v

. H u m p h r e y

, 5 1 2 U

. S

. 4 7 7 ( 1 9 9 4 ) ; ( 2 ) h i s

c l a i m s a g a i n s t t h e d e f

e n d a n t s i n t h e i r i n d i v i d u a l c a p a c i t i e s f a i l e d t o a l l e g e t h e i r p e r s o n a l

i n v o l v e m e n t ; ( 3 ) h i s F o u r t h a n d F o u r t e e n t h A m e n d m e n t c l a i m s w e r e b a r r e d b y H e c k ; a n d

( 4 ) h i s F o u r t e e n t h A m e n d m e n t c l a i m f a i l e d b e c a u s e h e c o u l d n o t s h o w p r e j u d i c e f r o m t h e

a l l e g e d d u e p r o c e s s v i o l a t i o n

. T h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t a l s o n o t e d i n i t s o r d e r t h a t I n g r a m ’ s

a l l e g a t i o n s d i d n o t e s t a b l i s h a F o u r t h A m e n d m e n t v i o l a t i o n

. I t d e n i e d l e a v e t o a m e n d t h e

c o m p l a i n t b e c a u s e a m e n d m e n t w o u l d b e f u t i l e

. T h i s a p p e a l f

o l l o w e d

.

W e h a v e j u r i s d i c t i o n p u r s u a n t t o 2 8 U

. S

. C

. § 1 2 9 1

. W e e x e r c i s e d e n o v o r e v i e w

o v e r t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t ’ s d i s m i s s a l o f t h e c o m p l a i n t

. D o e v

. P r i n c e t o n U n i v

. , 3 0 F

. 4 t h

3 3 5

, 3 4 1 ( 3 d C i r

. 2 0 2 2 )

.

A s r e c o g n i z e d b y t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t

, F o u r t h A m e n d m e n t c l a i m s f o r f a l s e a r r e s t a n d

1 The de fendants attached to th eir motion a Parole Boa rd dec i s ion da ted M a r c h 2 5

, 2 0 2 1

, fi nding t h a t I n g r a m w a s a t e c h n i c a l p a r o l e v i o l a t o r a n d r e c o m m i t t ing h i m t o a c o m m u n i t y

c o r r e c t i o n c e n t e r

. According to Ingram, h e was trans ferred to SCI

- Gr eene before his

revocation hearing

, transferred to a community corr ecti on cente r ther eafter, and then

returned to SCI

- Greene

, where he is now confined, du e to misconduct

.4

f a l s e i m p r i s o n m e n t r e q u i r e t h a t a n a r r e s t w a s m a d e w i t h o u t p r o b a b l e c a u s e

. G r o m a n v

.

T w p

. o f M a n a l a p a n

, 4 7 F

. 3 d 6 2 8

, 6 3 4

- 3 6 ( 3 d C i r

. 1 9 9 5 )

. S u c h c l a i m s c o n c e r n o n l y t h e

p e r i o d b e f

o r e t h e i s s u a n c e o f l e g a l p r o c e s s

. M o n t g o m e r y v

. D e S i m o n e

, 1 5 9 F

. 3 d 1 2 0

,

1 2 6 ( 3 d C i r

. 1 9 9 8 )

. P r o b a b l e c a u s e e x i s t s w h e r e t h e f a c t s a n d c i r c u m s t a n c e s “ ‘ w e r e

s u f f i c i e n t t o w a r r a n t a p r u d e n t m a n i n b e l i e v i n g t h a t [ t h e p e r s o n ] h a d c o m m i t t e d

. . . a n

o f f e n s e

. ’ ” W r i g h t v

. C i t y o f P h i l a d e l p h i a

, 4 0 9 F

. 3 d 5 9 5

, 6 0 2 ( 3 d C i r

. 2 0 0 5 ) ( c i t a t i o n

o m i t t e d )

.

I n P e n n s y l v a n i a

, a p a r o l e a g e n t h a s a u t h o r i t y t o a r r e s t a p a r o l e e

, w i t h o u t a w a r r a n t

o r p r o c e s s

, f

o r f a i l i n g t o r e p o r t a s r e q u i r e d

. S e e 6 1 P a

. C o n s

. S t a t

. § 6 1 8 1 ( 2 0 2 1 )

( r e p l a c i n g f

o r m e r § 6 1 5 2 )

. I n g r a m p l e a d e d t h a t h e w a s a r r e s t e d a f t e r h e s u r r e n d e r e d

h i m s e l f t o a p a r o l e o f

f i c e b e c a u s e h e h a d f

a i l e d t o r e p o r t

. H i s a l l e g a t i o n s u p p o r t s a n

i n f e r e n c e t h a t t h e r e w a s p r o b a b l e c a u s e f o r h i s a r r e s t

, n o t t h a t p r o b a b l e c a u s e w a s

l a c k i n g

. I n g r a m t h u s f

a i l s t o s t a t e a F o u r t h A m e n d m e n t c l a i m

. S e e A s h c r o f t v

. I q b a l

,

5 5 6 U

. S

. 6 6 2

, 6 7 8 ( 2 0 0 9 ) ( r e q u i r i n g

, i n o r d e r t o s u r v i v e a m o t i o n t o d i s m i s s

, f a c t u a l

c o n t e n t t h a t a l l o w s a c o u r t t o d r a w t h e r e a s o n a b l e i n f e r e n c e t h a t t h e d e f

e n d a n t i s l i a b l e )

. 2

Ingram reli es on Co unty of Riverside v. McLa u ghlin , 500 U. S. 44

, 5 6 (1991), whic h h e l d

t h a t judicia l probable cause determination s m a d e within 48 hours of a warrantless arrest

s a t i s f y t h e F o u r t h A m e n d m e n t

. McL aughlin

, h o w e v e r

, i n v o l v e d c r i m i n a l p r o s e c u t i o n s

,

2 We need not decide whether probable cause or a lesser standa rd appl ies to the arrest of a

parolee because there was probable cause here.5

n o t par o l e v i o l a t i o n s

, and is inapplicable

. S e e A t k i n s v

. C i t y o f C h i c a g o

, 6 3 1 F

. 3 d 8 2 3

,

8 3 3

- 3 4 ( 7 t h C i r

. 2 0 1 1 ) ( H a m i l t o n

, J

. , c o n c u r r i n g )

.

I n g r a m a l s o f

a i l s t o s t a t e a F o u r t e e n t h A m e n d m e n t d u e p r o c e s s c l a i m

. D u e

p r o c e s s i n t h e c o n t e x t o f p a r o l e r e v o c a t i o n r e q u i r e s a p r e l i m i n a r y h e a r i n g t o d e t e r m i n e

w h e t h e r t h e r e i s p r o b a b l e c a u s e o r a r e a s o n a b l e g r o u n d t o b e l i e v e t h a t t h e p a r o l e e h a s

v i o l a t e d t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f p a r o l e

. M o r r i s s e y v

. B r e w e r

, 4 0 8 U

. S

. 4 7 1

, 4 8 5 ( 1 9 7 2 )

. T h i s

i n q u i r y m u s t b e c o n d u c t e d “ a s p r o m p t l y a s c o n v e n i e n t a f t e r a r r e s t w h i l e i n f

o r m a t i o n i s

f r e s h a n d s o u r c e s a r e a v a i l a b l e

. ” I d

. T h e p a r o l e e s h o u l d b e g i v e n n o t i c e o f t h e h e a r i n g

a n d t h e a l l e g e d v i o l a t i o n s

. I d

. a t 4 8 6

. A r e v o c a t i o n h e a r i n g m u s t b e h e l d w i t h i n a

r e a s o n a b l e t i m e a f

t e r t h e p a r o l e e i s t a k e n i n t o c u s t o d y ; a l a p s e o f t w o m o n t h s i s n o t

u n r e a s o n a b l e

. I d

. a t 4 8 8

.

I n g r a m h a s n o t c i t e d

, n o r h a v e w e f o u n d

, a u t h o r i t y s u p p o r t i n g t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t

d u e p r o c e s s r e q u i r e m e n t s w e r e n o t m e t b a s e d o n t h e t i m i n g o f t h e n o t i c e a n d h e a r i n g s

h e r e

. A n d

, i n a n y e v e n t

, a s t h e D i s t r i c t C o u r t r u l e d

, t h e l a c k o f a l l e g e d p r e j u d i c e i s

d i s p o s i t i v e o f I n g r a m ’ s c l a i m

. S e e

, e

. g

. , S a m p l e v

. D i e c k s

, 8 8 5 F

. 2 d 1 0 9 9

, 1 1 1 3 ( 3 d C i r

.

1 9 8 9 ) ( p r o v i d i n g t h a t a n i n j u r y i s a n e l e m e n t o f a d u e p r o c e s s c l a i m )

. T o t h e e x t e n t

I n g r a m c l a i m s a d u e p r o c e s s v i o l a t i o n b a s e d o n h i s i n i t i a l c o n f i n e m e n t a t S C I

- S m i t h f

i e l d

,

a s o p p o s e d t o i n a c o m m u n i t y c o r r e c t i o n s c e n t e r

, h e f a i l s t o s t a t e a c l a i m f

o r r e l i e f

. S e e

A s q u i t h v

. D e p ’ t o f C o r r

. , 1 8 6 F

. 3 d 4 0 7

, 4 1 1 ( 3 d C i r

. 1 9 9 9 ) ( s t a t i n g t h e D u e P r o c e s s

C l a u s e d o e s n o t p r o t e c t a n i n t e r e s t i n c o n f i n e m e n t i n a p a r t i c u l a r f

a c i l i t y )

.6

I n g r a m c o n t e n d s t h a t h e s h o u l d h a v e b e e n g r a n t e d l e a v e t o a m e n d h i s c o m p l a i n t

,

b u t h e h a s n o t c a l l e d i n t o q u e s t i o n t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t a m e n d m e n t w o u l d b e f u t i l e

.

A ccor d ing ly, b ecause th i s appeal do e s not raise a substantial qu estion, we will affirm the

j udgment o f the Distric t Court. S e e 3 r d Cir

. LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6

. 3

3 Bec ause we conclu de tha t Ingram fails to state a claim under the Fo urt h or Fou rteent h

A mendment s

, it is unnecessar y to address the District Court ’ s additional rulings.