Filed 10/29/13 T.M. v. Superior Court CA4/1

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

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or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. 

COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION ONE

STATE OF CALIFORNIA

T.M.,

Petitioner,

v.

THE SUPERIOR COURT OF SAN 

DIEGO COUNTY,

Respondent;

 D064356

 (San Diego County

 Super. Ct. No. SJ12617)

SAN DIEGO COUNTY HEALTH AND 

HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY et al.,

Real Parties in Interest.

PROCEEDINGS for extraordinary relief after reference to a Welfare and 

Institutions Code section 366.26 hearing. Garry G. Haehnle, Judge. Petition denied; 

request for stay denied.

Dependency Legal Group of San Diego and John P. McCurley for Petitioner.
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Thomas E. Montgomery, County Counsel, John E. Philips, Chief Deputy County 

Counsel and Paula J. Roach, Deputy County Counsel, for Real Party in Interest San 

Diego County Health and Human Services Agency.

Dependency Legal Group of San Diego and Tracy M. Dietrich-De Soto for Real 

Party in Interest T.M., a Minor.

T.M. (the mother) petitions for writ review of juvenile court orders terminating her 

reunification services regarding her son, T.M., and referring the matter to a Welfare and 

Institutions Code section 366.261 hearing. She contends the evidence presented was 

insufficient to support the court's finding there would be a substantial risk of detriment to 

T.M. if he were returned to her custody. We deny the petition.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

T.M. first came to the attention of the San Diego County Health and Human 

Services Agency (the Agency) in 2007 when he tested positive for marijuana at birth and 

the mother admitted marijuana use. The mother did not follow through with the 

voluntary services offered to her at that time and the case was closed. In July 2011, the 

family again came to the Agency's attention when there was domestic violence in the 

family home. On July 22, the Agency petitioned on behalf of four-year-old T.M. under 

section 300, subdivision (b), alleging he was at substantial risk because of domestic 

violence between the mother and her boyfriend. The petition alleged the boyfriend had 

hit and slapped the mother in T.M.'s presence, and, then, although the mother agreed not 

 

1 All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
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to have further contact with the boyfriend, there was another incident of domestic 

violence. The petition further alleged the mother refused to let the Agency know where 

T.M. was located. T.M. was not located until August 29, when he was taken into 

protective custody and detained.

At the jurisdictional/dispositional hearing on September 20, 2011, the court found 

the allegations of the petition to be true, declared T.M. a dependent of the court, removed 

him from the mother's custody and ordered him placed in relative care. T.M. was placed 

with his maternal grandfather (the grandfather). The mother's services included 

participation in a domestic violence program, general counseling, parenting education, 

substance abuse treatment, drug testing and a 12-step program.

The social worker reported the mother was slow to begin services and was 

difficult to reach. In December 2011, she started therapy. Her therapist reported she was 

open during their sessions and had developed some insight into the poor choices she had 

made in her life. She also started domestic violence treatment and substance abuse 

treatment. At the six-month review hearing on March 20, 2012, the court found she had 

made some progress and continued services.

During the following reporting period, the mother had clean drug tests, and was an 

active participant in her domestic violence group but, her therapist said, although the 

mother knew the right words to say, she had a limited understanding of how domestic 

violence had affected T.M., and the therapist was concerned about her judgment and 

lifestyle. The mother's attendance in domestic violence treatment was inconsistent and, 

in June 2012, she denied the domestic violence had occurred. However, the grandfather 
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said her visitation had become more regular and visits were positive for T.M. At the 12-

month review hearing on September 13, 2012, the court found the mother had made 

significant progress and continued services to the 18-month date.

Subsequently, the mother's therapist reported the mother had participated in 38 

therapy sessions and by September 2012, had completed her goals and made a safety 

plan. She also attended parenting classes, completed domestic violence and substance 

abuse treatment programs, attended Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous 

(NA) meetings and had clean drug tests.

In February 2013, the social worker requested continuing the 18-month hearing to 

address the mother's housing issues. The social worker said the mother lived with the 

maternal grandmother, but believed that home was not an appropriate place for T.M., and 

mother did not want to have overnight visits at the grandfather's home. Mother refused to 

consider living in a shelter and requested resources to help her with housing and 

assistance with a deposit, but she delayed in providing details of what she needed and 

said she had been waiting for the social worker to contact her. The social worker 

attempted to call the mother several times in February, March and April 2013, but could 

not reach her. In April and May, when the social worker asked her to drug test, she did 

not do so.

The mother continued to have difficulty finding a place to live and the social 

worker had trouble contacting her. In July 2013, she told the social worker she was 

living with a friend and would provide information about her new residence later. The 

mother's drug test that day was a diluted sample positive for marijuana, but she denied 
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using the drug and said she did not understand why she had tested positive. Because of 

the positive drug test, visits returned to being supervised. The mother told the social 

worker she had been living with her friend since February, but had not suggested having 

overnight visits there. The grandfather said he was concerned about T.M. returning to the 

mother and did not believe she was ready for the responsibility of caring for him.

At the 18-month hearing on July 23, 2013, the parties stipulated that if the social 

worker were to testify, she would say the mother had provided an application to rent an 

apartment, but had lied about her income on the application, and the receptionist at the 

apartment complex said there were no two-bedroom apartments available there. The 

mother's friend had been approved for visits to occur at her apartment.

If called to testify, the mother would state the home she shared with her friend had 

been approved for visitation. She would say she had not told the social worker about her 

current residence because she did not think she was allowed to have a roommate. She 

also would say she and her roommate planned to move to a two-bedroom home and, if 

T.M. were placed with her, she would do whatever the Agency asked of her.

After considering the evidence and argument by counsel, the court found the 

mother had been offered reasonable services and had made good progress, but returning 

T.M. to her care would create a substantial risk of detriment. It continued T.M. in 

relative care, terminated services and set a section 366.26 hearing.

The mother petitioned for review of the court's orders. (§ 366.26, subd. (l); Cal. 

Rules of Court, rule 8.452.) This court issued an order to show cause, the Agency 

responded and the parties waived oral argument.
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DISCUSSION

The mother contends the evidence was insufficient to support the court's finding 

there would be a substantial risk of detriment to T.M. if he were returned to her custody. 

She maintains she adequately addressed the issues leading to his dependency. She argues 

the other issues upon which the court relied, including her marijuana use, bringing T.M. 

home late on one occasion, dishonesty on her rental application and her lack of 

communication with the social worker, do not support the finding.

A reviewing court must uphold a juvenile court's findings and orders if they are 

supported by substantial evidence. (In re Amos L. (1981) 124 Cal.App.3d 1031, 1036-

1037.) "[W]e must indulge all reasonable inferences to support the findings of the 

juvenile court [citation], and we must also '. . . view the record in the light most favorable 

to the orders of the juvenile court.' " (In re Luwanna S. (1973) 31 Cal.App.3d 112, 114.) 

The appellant bears the burden to show the evidence is insufficient to support the court's 

findings. (In re Geoffrey G. (1979) 98 Cal.App.3d 412, 420.)

Section 366.22, subdivision (a) provides at an 18-month hearing:

"[T]he court shall order the return of the child to the physical 

custody of his or her parent . . . unless the court finds, by a 

preponderance of the evidence, that the return of the child to his or 

her parent . . . would create a substantial risk of detriment to the 

safety, protection, or physical or emotional well-being of the child."

Unless the court finds extraordinary circumstances are present as described in 

section 366.22, subdivision (b), at the 18-month hearing, the court must return the child 

to the parents or terminate services and set a hearing to determine the child's permanent 

plan. (Katie V. v. Superior Court (2005) 130 Cal.App.4th 586, 596.) At the time of the 
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18-month hearing, the focus shifts to the needs of the child for permanency and stability. 

(Denny H. v. Superior Court (2005) 131 Cal.App.4th 1501, 1510 (Denny H.).) 

Compliance with the technical requirements of a reunification plan by itself will not 

automatically result in return of the child. (In re Dustin R. (1997) 54 Cal.App.4th 1131, 

1143.) "[T]he decision whether to return a dependent child to parental custody is not 

necessarily governed solely by whether the parent has corrected the problem that required 

court intervention." (Jennifer A. v. Superior Court (2004) 117 Cal.App.4th 1322, 1344 

(Jennifer A.).) "[T]he court must consider the effect such return would have on the 

child." (In re Joseph B. (1996) 42 Cal.App.4th 890, 894.)

Although the mother participated in the services required by her reunification plan, 

the evidence showed there would be a substantial risk of detriment to T.M. if he were 

returned to her custody. Two of the objectives of the mother's court-ordered case plan 

were for her to stay free from the use of illegal drugs and show she was able to live free 

from drug dependency. She was ordered to participate in substance abuse services, 

including attend a substance abuse treatment program, submit to random drug tests and 

attend NA meetings.

The mother participated in nearly two years of services, but she did not show she 

had reached her goal of remaining free from drug use and drug dependency. She 

completed drug abuse treatment in February 2013, but there were indications that after 

she finished the program she returned to using marijuana. She declined to drug test on 

February 27, 2013, and had no tests in April because she did not stay in contact with the 

social worker and did not return phone calls. She said she would test on May 8, but did 
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not do so. She showed proof that she had attended NA meetings only from May 2 to 

June 30. In July, 23 months after the dependency case began, she tested positive for 

marijuana.

This case contrasts with the situations in Jennifer A. and In re Destiny S. (2012) 

210 Cal.App.4th 999 (Destiny S.), where the reasons for removal were not closely linked 

with the reasons for not returning the child or for establishing dependency jurisdiction. 

In Jennifer A., two young children had been removed from their mother's custody when 

she left them alone and unattended. The reviewing court noted the evidence did not link 

her drug use with her lapse of judgment in leaving them alone, and held substantial 

evidence did not support finding that returning the children to her care would create a 

substantial risk of detriment. (Jennifer A., supra, 117 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1328, 1345-

1346.) In Destiny S., the court reversed a judgment of dependency, concluding there was 

no substantial evidence the child was at risk of physical harm from the mother's drug use, 

noting that marijuana use without more is not a reason to bring children within juvenile 

court jurisdiction. (Destiny S., at pp. 999, 1003-1004.)

The mother's case is different. Her drug use was closely intertwined with the 

initial reason for T.M.'s dependency, and substance abuse treatment was a part of her 

court-ordered reunification plan. Mother's claim there was no evidence linking her 

marijuana use to any detriment to T.M. and that she had completed substance abuse 

treatment and had only one positive drug test and some missed tests is disingenuous. 

T.M. and the mother first came to the Agency's attention at the time of T.M.'s birth in 

2007 when they tested positive for marijuana. Four years later, when police arrived on 
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June 15, 2011, to investigate a domestic violence incident, they noticed a strong odor of 

marijuana. The next day the social worker and the apartment manager also noticed the 

smell, and the social worker found marijuana pellets on the floor along with three 

lighters. T.M. said he had seen the mother and the boyfriend smoke "weed." The 

mother's marijuana use was an issue from the beginning of the case and evidence of her 

continued use after two years of services was of serious concern.

A court is required to give "substantial weight to a minor's need for prompt 

resolution of his or her custody status, the need to provide children with stable 

environments, and the damage to a minor of prolonged temporary placements." (§ 352, 

subd. (a).) "[A]t the 18-month benchmark, the focus of a dependency proceeding shifts 

to the child's needs for permanency and stability." (Denny H., supra, 131 Cal.App.4th at 

p. 1510.)

T.M. was removed from the mother 23 months before the hearing. From February 

2013 until the 18-month hearing was finally held in July the social worker had asked for 

continuances so the mother could obtain suitable housing and show she was able to 

provide care for T.M. At the time of the 18-month hearing, visitation was supervised 

because of the mother's positive drug test. The social worker inquired about resuming 

unsupervised visits, but the mother did not want to start them at the grandfather's home. 

The mother still did not have a stable home for T.M., was unemployed, did not take 

advantage of the social worker's efforts to help her obtain suitable housing, was dishonest 

on her rental application, would not consider living with T.M. in a homeless shelter and 

showed poor judgment when she brought him home three hours late from a visit, causing 
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him to miss school the next day. The grandfather was concerned that the mother did not 

have a plan for T.M.'s return and worried that she was not capable of caring for him.

Although the mother made progress in her domestic violence prevention program 

and in therapy, she appeared not to have overcome her substance abuse problem and was 

not able to provide a safe, secure and permanent home for T.M. Substantial evidence 

supports the court's finding that T.M. would be at substantial risk of detriment if he were 

returned to the mother's custody.

DISPOSITION

The petition is denied. The request for stay is denied.

HALLER, J.

WE CONCUR:

BENKE, Acting P. J.

HUFFMAN, J.