^^UMfTED SÎAI TANDARD

r WCONTAINERS^ .PACK^G MATERIA

NO PACKS FOR SHELL EGGS

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H\110 STATES DEPARTME

iricultural Marketing Service

¡ricultural Handbook No. 86

OF AGRICULTURE
UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR CONTAINERS5 PACKING

MATERIALS^ AND PACKS FOR SHELL EGGS

Poultry Division

Agricultural Marketing Service

Standards for farm commodities are almost as old as commercial agriculture itself, but uniform national standards T^re not promulgated until after

the passage of the U. S* Cotton Futures Act in 1911t«

Broadly speaking, standards serve several purposes:

1# They set ip a common language of quality, or specification«

2# They remove the need for personal inspection of products by sellers,

buyers, and lenders of money«

3» They provide a comparable basis for the quotation of market prices

throughout the country«

U. They provide a basis for the settling of disputes over quality or

specif ications .

5« They provide a buying guide for consumers or purchasers«

6« They provide a sound, logical basis for the physical separation of

products into quality or specification groups, so that commercial

needs and wants may be filled at a minimum of distribution cost«

7« They aid the seller in obtaining market prices«

8« They improve marketing conditions in many other ways«

National standards are "Mandatory," "Permissive," or "Tentative«" In

most cases, standards in the United States are permissive; that is, they are

for voluntary use by the general public as a quality or specification measure

in buying or selling«

These standards are issued primarily for the use of producers, packers,

distributors, and other egg handlers as a guide in iib.lAi.r prrcha-ses of new

shell egg containers and inner packing materials and as a basis for the development of uniform specifications for transportation and purclxasing agencies«
CONTENTS

Page

Part I - Shipping Containers for shell eggs •.. * 2

Fiber cases ...•.*. 2

Wooden cases ]\[ y

Part II - Inner packing materials for shell eg-s U

Fillers , 12.

Flats 12

Egg trays m

Part III - Cartons for shell eggs ..«•..„ 16

Part IV - Packs for shell eggs I9

Standard terminology ..*..,.•*..* » 22

Appendix , 27

"Work in connection ^-vith the development of these standards has been conducted in cooperation vrfLth the Shell Egg Packaging Technical Advisory Group*

This ad^âsorj'- group is composed of members of poultry producer and marketing

associ.ations and organizations and representatives of the container manufacturing, railroad, iwarehousing, and trucking industries» As different con«

tainers and inner packing materials are found to be satisfactory and practical for use in packing chicken, turkey, and duck eggs, they v/ill be added to

these standaixis in future revisions.

This publication is a revision of the August 1950 "Recommended Specifications for Standard Packages and Packs for Shell Eggs."

The title now describes the content as a standard instead of a recommended specification because of the general acceptance of the material as

standard specifications*

The additions, changes, and deletions in the earlier publication are necessary to bring some of the dimensional information up to date to include descriptions and measurements of new style containers and materials and to eliminate

specifications of containers that are now seldom used«

Washington 25, D. C. Issued July 1955

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. - Pnce
- ¿1 -

PART I - SHIPPING CüNTAIN¿KS FOR SHELL EGGS

Fiber Egrg Cases

A^ Domestic fiber egg cases

Sgg cases made of either corrugated or solid fiberboard holding 15 or

30 dozen chicken eggs, or 100 or 200 turkey (or duck) eggs, and meeting the

specifications outlined under Section B, below. These cases shall be identified as follows:

(1) A standard l5-do2en corrugated fiber egg case is made of doublefaced corrugated fiberboard•

(2) A standard Ig-dozen solid fiber egg case is made of at least

three-ply (3 thicknesses"oflñaterial) solid fiberboard.

(3) A truck iS-dozen corrugated fiber egg case is made of doublefaced corrugated fiberboard«

(U) A standard 30-dozen corrup;ated fiber sf^,^ case is made either of

double-faced corrugated fiberboard, or partly of double-faced

corrugated fiberboard and partly of double-walled fiberboard«

(5) A standard 30-dogen solid fiber egg case is made of four-p]y

(U thicloiesses of material) solid fiberboard•

(6) A truck 3Q'^Qzen corrugated fiber egg case is made of doublefaced corrugated fiberboard»

B^ Specifications for domestic fiber egg cases

Two types of fiber egg cases are in common usage* The "standard" case

designed to withstand rigorous handling and shipment and is approved for

rail shipment and storage The "truck" case is of comparatively light construction and is intenclod fcr "one trio^^ use in a tj-uci: sriipi;.'iVu*

Style of

case: Both the standard and truck cases may be of any style«

Size of

case: The minimum inside ddinensions of each l5-dozen fiber egg case and

of each compartment in a 30-dozen fiber egg case shall be not less than

11-3A inches by 11-3A inches wide by 13 inches deep«

Construction: (1) All fiber cases shall meet the requirements shown in tables

1 and 2.

(2) The facings (container board) of corrugated fiberboard shall

be firmly glued to the corrugated sheet (corrugated board) at all points

of contact and the outer facings on all regular corrugated fiber cases

shall be waterproofed. All plies of solid fiberboard shall be firmly

glued together, with the outer ply waterproofed*
- 3 -

(3) AU fiber cases accordiiig to their designation shall be

scored and folded so as to provide the nwaber of complete thicknesses

of fiberboard as sho\vn in table 1.

(U) The two pieces of board foi^iiing the manufacturers» Joint on

each fiber case shall lap not less than 1-l/U inches and be fastened

v^ith metal stitches not more than 2-2/2 inches apart for corrugated

fiber cases, or not more than 3 inches apart for solid fiber cases•

(5) Except where noted, all corrugated cases shall be made from

double-faced corrugated board

(6) The center partition in standard 30-dozen cases shall be

fastened or held firmly in place*

(7) The corrugating medium shall be made of board not less than

0*009 inches thick and "weighing not less than 26 pounds per 1,000

square feet«

Closure of

fiber cases: A fiber case, unless it is constructed -with a "seIf-locking"

clos^ire device, shall be closed with sealing strips, adhesives, or

staples•

(1) All. sealing strips used to secure egg cases shall be made

of sulphate paper having a basis -weight, vdien ungummed, of not less

than 60 pounds per 500 sheets, 2U x 36 inches, testing not less tlian

60 poimds, and being at least 3 inches in width» They shall be applied as follo^^ for each style of fiber case closure:

(a) On each case having a regular slotted cover, the seam

formed by closing of the flaps shall be completely covered by a

sealing strip which must extend over the ends of the case at

least 3 inches»

(b) For each case having end tuck-in or center tuck-in

flaps, there shall be at least two sealing strips placed across

the* center of each compartment, each strip extending over the

sides at H^ast 3 inches»

(c) For each case having a "partial telescope" cover or removable lid of other styles, the cover shall have two sealing

strips placed across it so as to divide the cover into three equal

parts. Each strip shall extend do^ra the sides of the case at

least 3 inches»

(2) Closures effected by adhesives shall be secured by an adhesive

applied to at least 50 percent of the area of contact in such a manner

as to minimize unglued corners»

(3) Closures effected by stapling shall be firmly secured with

veil clinched staples»
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- 6 -

Figure 1,—Several examples of standard fiber cases»

Fifnire 2,—Truck 30-dozen fiber cases and illustrations of the case liners.

Figure 3.—^An example of a standard l5-dozen and a standard 30-dozen solid

fiber case. h

à

t? tn.
- 7 -

'^^ooden Egg Cases

A. Standard domestic and export wpoden egg cases

Egg cases made of veneer and sawi TOod or entirely of saim iwood holding 30 dozen chicken eggs, or 200 turkey or duck eggs, and meeting the specifications under Section B, below. These cases shall be identified as follows:

(1) ^ standard (domestic) 30-dozen veneer egg case has top, bottom,

and sides made of veneer and with the ends and center made of

sawn wood»

(2) A standard (domestic) 30^ozen sawn wood egg case is made entirely of sawn wood»

(3) An export 30-dozen wooden egg case is made entirely of sawn wood,

or it is a case with sides, top, and bottom made of veneer with

the center and ends made of sawn wood,

B» Specifications for domestic and export wooden egg cases

Size of

case; Each wooden egg case, according to its designation, under Section

A, above, shall be of such size as indicated in table 3 and shall

ccmply with the requirements shown in tables 3 and U»

Materials ; Species of viood: The following species of wood may be used:

Group I species: Aspen (popple), basswood, cottonv/ood, magnolia,

spruce, white fir, white pine, and yellow poplar*

Group II species: Hemlock»

Group III species: Blackgum, sweetgum (Red-gum), sycamore, and túpelo»

Group IV species: Beech, eljn, and white ash»

Defects in

jmaterial: (1) Each case shall be made according to high-grade commercial

practice and all pieces shall be cut true to length» All parts of

each case shall be free from all defects that materially weaken them,

expose the contents of the cases to damage, or that interfere with the

fabrication or nailing»

(2) All boards shall be free of knot or knot-holes that exceed

1-1/2 inches in diameter, or exceed l/3 the width of the board»

(3) The moisture content of each board shall not be less than

12% nor more than 1Q% of its dry weight at the time of manufacture»

In the case of veneer, the moisture content shall be not less than y;^

nor more than 15^•

Construe- . . rr +y^o^r

_ tion; (1) The ends of cases shall be of one or two pieces • H ^riey

' arT'two pieces, they may be butt-jointed, ship-lapped, tongue and

grooved, or Lindermann jointed»
- 8 -

(2) The centers of all wooden cases shall consist of not more

than two pieces. If butt-joint is used, two corrugated fasteners

must be employed»

(3) The- sides, top, and bottom of any wooden case shall be not

more than two pieces. If of tv,io-piece construction, any piece shall

be not less than 5-3A inches nor more than 6-1/2 inches in ividth»

The opening between the side pieces extending lengthwise at approximately the center of the case shall be not more than 3A of an inch*

The top and bottom must cover entire areas of top and bottom of the

case«

Tolerances: No minus tolerance is permitted on inside compartment dimeasions» A plus tolerance of 1/8 of an inch is allowed on outside length

and depth of each compartment*

Displacement; E:jqport Case about 2»U8 cubic feet*

Nailing and

closure : (1) In each domestic wooden case only threepenny (size 1-3/8

inches x 15 gauge) cement-coated, large-headed nails shall be used»

(a) The cleats shall be attached to the ends with six

nails to be staggered and long enough to provide

satisfactory clinch.

(b) There shall be at least 18 nails in each side (6 in

each end and 6 in the center), 21 nails in the bottom (7 in each end and 7 in the center), and 8 nails

in the top (k in each end) • First nails to be placed

3/U inch from the edges of sides, top, and bottomt

(c) AH nails shall be evenly spaced*

(2) In each export v.^oden case, only fourpenny (size 1-3/8

inches long x 15-1/2 gauge) cement-coated box nail¿ shall be used.

(a) The cleats shall be attached to the ends with 6

nails to be staggered and long enough to provide

a satisfactory clinch*

(b) TIaere shall be at least 21 nails in each side (7 in

each end and 7 in the center), 21 nails in the bottom (7 in each end and 7 in the center), and 8 nails

in the top {k in each end)» First nails to be

placed 3A inch from the edges of the sides, top,

and bottCÄü. Nails in end of cover shall be evenly

spaced and driven into the case end only.

Strapping: On all export cases, two flat straps 3/8 of an inch by 0*015 oí

an inch or two 16 gauge round ^vire straps shall be applied• One strap

around each end of the case not more than 1-1/2 inches in from the end.
- 9 -

Tabla 3 •—Sl^enslona y of 30^O2an wooden egg oases

\ Size of 0 a 8 e 8

3(Mloz8Q vooden egg

oasat Inside dimensions :

Inside oompartaent

dimensions ; Outside dliensions

^Length: Width: Depth ! Length!, Width., Depth ; Length: Width : Depth

Standard (doaastlo)

anear 5 24-1/8]

•

•

,11-3/4':

:

1? in-?/4 ai-?/4i 13 i

; : :

\ : :

.25-7/8:12-1/8 :13-3/8

Sawn wood j5 24-1/9:! 11-3/4': 13 i 11-3/4"¡11-3/4 ! 13

\ : :

5 25-7/8:12-3/16:13-7/16

Export sawn wood or

eneer • Í24.1/8í

! :

!ll-?/4Î

:

•

1? ;11-3/4

:

;n-?/4¡•' 1? '

5 : :

5 : :

.26-1/8:12-3/16:13-7/16

Talble 4«—Diiiensions \/ of parts and type of materials of 30<-dozen wooden egg oases

Cleats y Centers 4^^

3(V-dozen wooden

tgg oases

Length: Width!

Min« :

oaliper:

or :

thiok- jláate-:

: Uin« :

:oaliper:

: or :

: thiok- :Mate.

:iin«

:oallpor:

: or :

: thiok- : Mate«

ness :rial :Length :Width: nesa :rial : Length:Width: ness : rial

Standard (domestlo)

eneer ——

:

13 ^^-?A

:Sawn : : : :Sawn : :

7/16 :wood : 12 :1-1/4; 7/l6 :wood : 11-3/4: 13

: Sawn

7/16 : wood

Sem wood— — ii üá/íi

:Sawn : : : :Sawn

7/16 :wQod : 12-1/1611-1/4: 7/l6 :wood :11-3/4: 13 2Ùk.

Sawn

wood

Export sawn wood or

sneer : 13 :ll-3/^

: : X

:Sawn : :

1/2 :wood :12-1/16:1-1/4

:Sawn : :

1/2 :wood :11-3/4: 13 IIL.

Sawn

wood

Table 4«—Continued

30-dozen wooden :

egg oases :

Sides 5/

: Length;

: Min«

:oaliper

: or

:thiok->

Width

Standard (domestio):

eneer —t 2$

Sawn wood— —-«: 25

£xport sawn wood :

or veneer ——:25-l/8

12»l/2

12-172

12-1/2

ness

JZîi

_2¿21

Top and bottom

Material:Length

Veneer :25-7/8

Sawn

wood : 25-7/8

: Sawn

: wood :

7/32 : or : 26-1/8

s eneerj

Min.

: oaliper:

: or :

:thiok- :

Width : ness ;Mat8rial

12-1/8

:

12-3/16

12-3/16

JZÜ

,2/3^ j

7/32

Veneer

Sawn

; yod

Sawn

wood

or

: veneer

y Diaenslons giwen in inohes«

y Ends ertioal grain.

y Cleats nailed to ends.

il ?f WUc^rÏft^îS:;, a pleoe shall be not less than 5-3/4 Inches nor ao^ than 6-1/2 Inche.

In Width«
- 10 -

Figiare U.—A standard 30-dozen wooden case«

Wirebound Egg Cases Í

This revision of the specifications for standard packages and packs for *

shell eggs omits the specifications for wooden wirebound egg cases because it

they are not presently in use, Viirebound egg cases vrere practical during the:«]

War period v^en material shortages created a need for them, '^

^igure 5.—Example of standard egg case filler.
- 11 -

PART II - INNER PACKING MATERIALS FCE SHELL EGGS

Fillers for Egg Gases

A. Fillers

Strips of paperboard fastened in such a manner as to permit foldintwhen not in use and as they rest on flats in an egg case, fcm indiSl

square cells (honeycomb effect) in which eggs are held i¿ pî^^e^

(1) A standard eg^ filler has 36 individual cells arranged in 6 rows

nii l^-^.T''^ ^? ?°îî^ ^^ ''^^^^^^ ^gg^- ^^^ s^ch fillers are

usea with 12 standard flats in egg cases to hold 360 eggs.

^2) è- turkey or duck egg filler has 2^ individual cells arranged in

5 rows of 5 cells each and holds 2$ turkey or duck eggs. Eight

such fillers are used with 10 turkey or duck egg flats in cases

to hold 200 eggs,

E. Specifications for fillers

Style of

fillers; Each filler shall be of honeycomb style.

Type of

board; Each filler shall be made of solid (entirely) nevis board or of

vat-lined board (usually 2 liners of news board vilth a center of chipboard layer betv^een) and shall meet the requirements shown in table 5,

{able ;—The sizeVand weight^of fillers

Filler

designations

^) A standard egg

filler

f) A turkey or duck

egg fiUer

Minimum outside

dimensions

11-1/2 square

by 2-5/16

11-1/2 square

by 2-3/2

Minimum

weight

of 10

fillers

38

38

Filler cells

Total

No*

36

25

No*:No»

in : of

row:rovis

5 ; 5

Inside dimensions

1-25/32 squai'e by

2-5/16

2 square by 2-1/2

1/ Size given in inches«

2/ Weight given in ounces•
- 12 -

Flats for Egg Cases

A. Flats

Square pieces of molded pulp on top of which are raised cups in wiiich

the small ends of the eggs rest as they are held in place Dy fillers m an

egg case. On the bottoms of the flats are extended posts which rest on

the filler below. These flats shall meet the specifications under B,

below,

(1) A standard egg flat has 36 individual cups arranged in 6 rows

of 6 cups each, to accommodate 36 chicken eggs. Twelve such

flats are used with 10 standard egg fillers in egg cases to

hold 360 eggs.

(2) A turkey or duck egg flat has 2$ individual cups arranged in

5 rows of 5 ciçs each, to accommodate 25 turkey or duck eggs.

Ten such flats are used with 8 turkey or duck fillers in egg

cases to hold 200 eggs.

B. Specifications for flats

Style of

flat: Flats shall be one of the following styles:

(a) Round cups and square posts, or

(b) Octagonal cups and square posts.

Material: Each flat shall be made of molded news pulp and meet the requirements shovjn in table 6.

1/ 2/

«•

Outside dimensions : Minimum ;

weight -

of :

12 flats!

Gups on flats -

Total:

No. !

Ko.:

in :

iroví:

No. :

of ;

roTiis:

Uiameter of

each cup .

at top

of cup

Flat designations :

¡ Minimiffli !! Llaximum J

! Length

! of

¡ posts

(1) A standard egg :

flat :

• 11-7/16 :

. square !

' 11-11/16 ':

; square ; 15 !: 36 i! 6 i', 6 :Í 1 ! 3/16

(2) A turkey or duckî

egg flat

! 11-7/16 !

: square ;

! II-IVI6 !

square Í 15 i 25 : 5 i 5 ; 1-3/16 i

»1 ^

1/ Dimensions given in inches*

2/ Vie ight given in ounces*
- 13 -

MM:'

s^^^^H

iJ[ \^ Ct UT Cl Cf*

V

Figure 6»—One style of egg case flat. At left, the round cups on top of flat;

at right, the posts on the bottom of the flat.

Figure 7,—H ü^ft, the top of a molded pulp flat; at right, eggs upright in

flat CUPS, filler removed.

><r \y Vy \sr ^ ^^=^ L

"j^ j¡;^ ,Ü;¡k ^^' j^' äi^^

wl, iJ. ià» Ù» i^ C''

O^'O* w^ iJ* i*" w'»'

Ö» O* O^ wï o^c^

^1

^igvire 8.-^ style of egg case flat. At left, octagonal cups on top of flat;

at right, the posts on the bottom of the flat.
- li^ -

Egg Trays for Egg Cases

A. Efr^^ Trays

Standard egg trays are square and have posts or prongs on the tops

and bottotns. The prongs on the top of the egg tray forai the lower half

of a cell by irtiich the eggs are held. The prongs on the bottom complete

the cells by providing room for the large ends of eggs as the egg trays

rest in an egg case. These egg trays shall meet the specifications

under section B, below.

(1) A standard egg tray has 30 individual cells arranged in 6

rows of 5 cells each, formed by the posts or prongs. The

bottom of such an egg tray consists of the same number of

cells. Fourteen such egg trays are used in egg cases to

hold 360 chicken eggs.

(2) A turkey or duck egg tray has 20 individual cells arranged

in 5 rovis of k cells each, formed by the posts or prongs.

The bottom of each egg tray consists of the same number of

cells. Tvrelve such egg trays are used in egg cases to hold

200 turkey or duck eggs.

B. Specifications for egg trays

Material; Egg trays shall be made of spruce ground -.vood or news pulp. AH

egg trays shall meet, according to their designation, the requirements

shoTÄi in table 7.

~ ,, « m, . 1/-.-J -•_l.x_/-i> J. 1 V«^ ^^A AA^^^r. : ^-^.^ ^i> «alle

rMaximim outside:

: dimensions î

« Cells

Egg tray :

; Minimum :

Í weight of :

Total!

! No. !

•

•

No. of: !

cells:No. <

! in a :of :

! row :rows!

» Average

: center

designations

! Egg Î

: trays!

! 12 :

Egg :

trays.

î distance

; beti/veen

\ posts _

(1) A standard egg :

tray

Î 11-3A square :

Í by 1-7/8 î2ii 1 i 30 !

•

•

1 5 i 6 \ 1^3/li

(2) A turkey or duck !

eg^ tray :

Î 11-3A square :

Í by 2 : 20 s 20 ,

1 •

t •

! 2-l/8_

1/ Dimensions given in inches•

2/ Weight given in ounces•

Carton Flat

The carton flat is a molded pulp flat with parallel V-shaped knotched ridges

arranged to hold one of the styles of chipboard cartons (Fig. 12, left iH^""

tration).
-15-

Figure 9.—Egg tray,

eggs.

At left, the top of egg tray; at right, egg tray with

figure 10,—Turkey or duck egg tray. At left, the top of egg tray; at right,

egg tray with turkey eggs.

,,; ig^Jxe 11,—Molded pulp carton flat,
- 16 -

P/iKT III - CARTONS FOR SHELL EGGS

Retail Egg Cartons

A, Cartons

Cartons made of papertoard which hold one dozen chicken eggs for consumer use and -which meet the specifications under Section ß^ below« These

cartons shall be identified as follo^/irs:

(1) A standard 2x6 carton h^S/2 rov/s of cells for 6 "large,"

"medium," or "extra large"i^chicken eg.?:s in each row* If

this carton is perforated in the middle, it can be broken

in hait; to i^ecoae 2 cartons, each holding 6 eggs in 2 rovis

of 3 each*

(2) A small 2 x 6 egg carton has 2 rows of cells for 6 "r.-all,"

or "pee7t'ee"i/chÍ3 :t n eggs in each row#

(3) A jumbo 2x6 egg ^carton has 2 rov.s of cells for 6 "jumbo"

or "extra large"í^chicken eggs in each row. If such a

carton is perforated in the middle, it can be broken in half

to become 2 cartons, each holding 6 eggs in 2 rovis of 3 each#

A standard 3 x k egg carton has 3 rows of cells for k "large,"

"medium.," "small," "peewee," or "extra large"¿/chicken eggs in

(U)

each row,

(5) A jumbo 3 X ^^eg^ carton has 3 rows of cells for k "jumbo" or

"extra Isrge"^ chicken eggs in each row,

B, Specifications for egg cartons

Style of

carton; The 2x6 and 3 x U egg cartons may be of any style. The top cover

may have vrindovjs covered vrith or vdthout cellophane.

Size and constructior.; Each carton, according to its designation (under Section A,

above), shall be of such size as indicated in table 8 or 9.

Material; (l) A 2 x 6 egg carton (small, standard, and jumbo) shall be

made of patent coated, single manila, vat-lined, bleached board or

vat-lined news board,

(2) A 2 X 6 molded pulp carton (stajidard and jumbo) shall be

made of white or grey molded pulp,

J^^ ^.? ^ ^ ®§g carton shall be made of bending chipboard,

bleached manila nev^ back, patent coated news back, o? egg carton stock.

-.^ J^K ^ ^ ^ ^ molded pulp carton shall be made of white or grey molded pulp.

1/ U. S. Vfeight Classes for Consumer Grades of Eggs (see Appendix, page 27).
- 17 -

Table 8.—Chipboard egg cartons vdth respect to size

Carton designations

Standard 2 x 6

Small 2x6-

Jumbo 2x6-

Standard 3 x USize of carton 1/

Minimum

outside dimensions

liength

11-1/2

10-7/16

11-1/2

Width

3~iß/l6

3-7/16

3-7/8

5-1/U

Height

2-7/16

2-3/16

2-11/16

2-1/U

iiiaximum"

outside dimensions

"Tgnjth ; Width ; Height

11-5/8

11-^/8

11-5/6

3-7/6

_3-7/8

3-15/16

2-3/2

2-5/16

3-1/U

V Dimensions given in inches.

Tablg 9«—^Ifolded pulp cartons vd.th respect to size

ijize of cartons l/

Carton designations

Standard 2x6 RegularStandard 2x6 "Tri-fold"

Standard 3 x h

(outside dimensions)

Length

11-11/16

11-11/16

8

Width

U-1/2

Height

2-11/16

2-3/U

2-5/8

JjjiLbo 3 X U —; 8-3/16 6-1/U 2-11/16

1/ Dimensions given in inches.

^jgg^ cartons as inner packing material

1. Egg cartons holding one dozen chicken eg-^s in 2 rows with 6 eggs

in each row identified on page 16 as small and standard cartons meeting

the specifications as given on this page are inner packing material when

used to pack 15 cartons (180 chicken eggs) in a l5-dosen fiber egg case or

30 cartons (360 chicken eggs) in a 30-dozen fiber, or wooden egg case.

2, Egg cartons holding one dozen chicken eggs in 2 rows with 6 eggs

in each raw identified on page 16 as jumbo egg cartons meeting the specifications as given on this page are inner packing material when used to

pack 12 cartons {Ihh chicken eggs) in a l5-dozen fiber egg case or 21; cartons (288 chicken eggs) in a 30-dozen fiber or wooden egg case.
- 18 -

Figure 12.—Several examples of chipboard cartons.

^H !

^^^^^H^^V t^^t'1 ^^^^^^H^^Bjk .

i» -_ ^

^^^^^^^^ ^^^1^^^ |ñ|pp^ ^m y^^ *.^ ^H

nn

Figure 13.—Examples of molded

H

pulp cartons.
- 19 -

PART IV - PACKS FOR SPELL EGGS

Only new cases and packing materials will be considered in the packs specified in this part* Standard fiber^ standard, and export wod cases shall be

used for domestic or North American rail shipments* For domestic truck shipments, the aforementioned cases or truck fiber cases may be used* Air shipments

l^lth domestic or foreign destinations shall require standard fiber cases* Export shipments by boat shall require wooden export cases*

Pack Identification

A* A l5-do2en e^g pack shall consist of a standard or truck 15-dozen fiber egg

case in which 5 standard egg fillers and 6 standard eg^: flats are used to

accOTmiodate 180 chicken eggs»

B, A 15-dozen egg tray pack shall consist of a standard or truck 15-dozen

fiber egg case in which 7 standard egg trays are used to pack 1Ö0 chicken

eggs*

C, A 15-dozen carton pack shall consist of a standard or truck 15-dozen fiber

egg case in which 15 small or standard 2x6 eg^^: cartons are used to acrommodate 180 chicken eggs* An egg flat shall be used on the bottom and/or

top of the case irvhenever necessary to take up slack space, or a carton flat

may be used beti/veen each layer for this purpose for certain style chipboard

cartons•

D* A 12-dozen carton pack shall consist of a standard or truck 15-dozen fiber

egg case in Vitiich 12 jumbo egg cartons are used to accommodate li^li chicken

eggs* Egg flats shal2 be added to the bottom and/or the top of the case

Tirtienever necessary to take up slack space ^ or a carton flat may be used

betvveen each layer for this puri^ose for certain style chipboard cartons*

E, A 100 turkey or duck egR pack shall consist of a standard or truck l5-dozen

fiber egg case in iwhichU turkey or duck egg fillers and 5 turkey or duck

egg flats are used to accomxiodate 100 turkey or duck eggs* Extra flats

shall be added to the bottom and/or top of each case, when necessary to

take up slack space*

F* A 100 turkey or duck egg tray pack shaU. consist of a standard or truck 15-

dozen fiber egg case in #iich 6 turkey or duck egg trays are used to pack

I 100 turkey or duck eggs* Extra flats shall be added to the bottom and/or

* top of each case^ when necessary to take up slack space*

[^•«,A30-áozen e^^ pack shall consist of a standard 30-dozen wooden, fiber, or

'^" a truck 30-dozen corrugated fiber egg case in ^iiich 10 standard egg fillers

suid 12 standard egg flats are used to pack 360 chicken eggs*

!• A 30Kio2en egg tray pack shall consist of a standard 30-dozen wooden, fiber,

f ^truck 30-dozen corrugated fiber egg case in which Ih standard egg trays

are used to pack 360 chicken eggs*
- 20 -

Figure m,--A standard filler and flat pack (30-dozen) in fiber case illustrating two types of standard flats.

Figure 15.--A standard egg tray pack (30-dozen) in vrooden egg case.

Fig'jre 16.--V carton pack (30^ozen), each layer reversed with carton flat üi

place.
- 21 -

I. A 30-dozen carton pack shall consist of a standard 30-dozen wooden, fiber,

or a truck 30-dozen corrugated fiber egg case in iivhich 30 small or standard

2x6 egg cartons are used to accoranodate 360 chicken egrs. An egg flat

shall be used on the bottom and/or top of each compartíii'ó'nt of the case when

necessary to take up slack space, or a carton flat may be used betvieen each

layer for this purpose for certain style chipboard cartons.

J. A 2U-dozen carton pack shall consist of a standard 30-dozen wooden, fiber,

or a truck 30-dozen corrugated fiber egg case in vdnich 2U jumbo egg cartons

are used to accommodate 2S8 chicken eggs. £gg flats shall be added to the

bottom and/or top of each case when necessary to take up slack space, or a

carton flat may be used betveen each layer for this purpose for certain

style chipboard cartons,

K, A 200 turkey or duck egg pack shall consist of a standard 30-dozen v.-ooden,

fiber, or a truck 30-dozen corrugated fiber egg case in vihich 8 turkey or

duck egg fillers and 10 turkey or duck egg flats are used to accommcdate

200 turkey or duck egrs. Extra flats shall be used on the bottom and/or

top of each compartment when necessary to take vip any slack space,

L, A 200' tur-key or duck egg tray pack shall consist of a standard 30-dozen

wooden, fiber, or a truck 30-dozen corrugated fiber egg case, in which 12

turkey or duck egg trays are used to pack 2C0 tui-key or duck eggs. Egg

flats shall be used on the bottom and/or top of each compar-tment in the

case when necessary to take up any slack space.

'igure 17,-^ standard 30-dozen fiber case, side removed. I^ft side, an

exajnple of eggs packed in egg trays; right side, an example

of eggs packed in flats and fillers.
- 22 -

STANDARD T2Fu.iIN0L0GY

!• Board—An abbreviated term for fiberboard, paperboard^ container board,

etc., which are used in making shipping containers, folding boxes,

and cartons»

a. Cont<?.ia3r board Sheets of fibrous materials, usually in rolls,

* for use'of manufacturers in making solid or corrugated fiber

sliipping containers.

b. Gorru^^ated board—A sheet of container board that has passed

tiirough a corrugating machine, receiving a number of corrugations (flutes).

c* Fiberboard—Two or more plies (thicknesses) of container board,

pasted together, or one or more sheets of container board

pasted to a corrugated sheet to make solid or corrugated

fiberboard.

d. Liner board—A term used to designate container board that is

used as an inner or outer facing in the manufacture of corrugated or solid fiberboard.

e. Paperboard—A general term descriptive of a sheet made of fibrous

material on a paper machine or a ^;vet machine, 0.012 of an

inch or more in thickness. Also included under this term

are certain grades 0.009 of an inch or over in thickness,

such as corrugating material, light weight chip, etc. It

is comnonly made from Y^ood pulp, straw, v/aste papers, or

any ccsnbination of these* The general classifications are

container boards (usually shipped in rolls) and box boards

(customarily shipped in sheets). There are also other types

of boards, //hich fall within this group, such as binder

board, electrical pressboard, imitation pressboard, etc»

^* Solid fiberboard—Two or more plies (thicloiesses) of container

board pasted together.

g* Test board—A general term for fiberboard, or paperboard that is

required to meet a specified bursting or puncture test.^a

defiiite caliper, and a definite v/eighto '•

^* ^^J^stinf^^ strength—The pressure required to rupture a specinen vi/hen it is

tested in a specified instrument, under specified conditions; coiriñonly used as an imoortant measure of the strength of paper, paperboard,

or fiberboard.

3* Cady-Tester—A machine used to test the bursting strength of paper, paperboard, or fiberboard.

^* 92¿i^'"^'^ v.wden, metal, or fiberboard strip attached along the edge of â

wooden, wirebound, or fiberboard container, used to connect an adjacent panel, or to fasten to the panel between the edges for reinforcement and stiffening.
- 23 -

$. CorrUf;ated fiberboard—A sheet of corrugated board on one or both sides of

wliich a sheet of container board has been pasted*

a* Single-faced corrugated fiberboard--^ sheet of corrugated

board, on one side of which is pasted a sheet of container board»

b.* Double-faced corragated fiberboard—A sheet of corrugated

board, on both sides of which a sheet of container

board has been pasted.

c* Double-walled corrugated fiberboard—A combination of singleand double-faced corrugated fiberboard pasted together

to fonn a combination of three sheets of container board

with two sheets of corrugated board between•

6» Flute (or corrugation)—Refers to one of the undulations (corrugations) on

a corrugated board«

a» A-Flute—Approxrnately 36 flutes or corrugations per foot, approximately 0*l80 of an inch high«

b» B-Flute—^Approximately 51 flutes or corrugations per foot, approximately 0«097 of an inch high«

0. Cálate—^Approximately U2 flutes or corrugations per foot, approximately 0«l40 of an inch high.

7. Joint—The point where two parts of a container are joined or put together«

a« Butt-joint—^ t^^e of lumber joint in which two squared surfaces

are brought together and fastened with tv/o or more corrugated fasteners«

b. Lindermann joint—Consists of a projection along the edp:e of one

piece of board extending into a corresponding recess m the

edge of the adjoining part, the projection and the recess

extending the langth of the pieces*
- 2U -

c. Manufacturers' joint—Usuall^^ refers to the point v^here the two

parts of a box are joined by the manufacturer» This term

is usually used in connection ?dth the manufacture of fiberboard boxes

d. Ship-lap joint—Consists of a groove or slot made in the edge of

one piece of board to receive another piece of board having

an identical groove or slot which when inverted and placed

together forms a smooth surface«

e. Tongue and grooved—A type of lumber joint consisting of a tongue

and groove on opposite edges to provide close fittjjig into

an adjacent grooved or tongued piece»

8« Lamination—^To overlay or build up in thin sheets or layers»

a» Laminated 7vood—A piece of v;ood made up of plies that have been

joined together with glue or mechanical fastenings» The

grain of all plies is parallel«

b. Laminated fiberboard—^Two or more pieces of container board

pasted together»

9. Liner—A fiber sheet corinigated or solid inserted in the container next to

the sides, ends, top, bottom, or in the center cf a box to provide

additional protection and rigidity to fiber boxes»

10» Moisture content of ^^'Dod—^"//eight of the water contained in the wood usually expressed in percentage of the vaight of the oven dried y/oods»

31 • Mullen Tester—A machine to test tiie bursting strength of paper or fiberboard. See also Cady Tester - definition 3»

1?» Pack—A completely packaged product, ready for shipment»

13. Point—A teiTii used to describe one unit of thickness of paper, paperboard,

or container board, the actual unit being one thousandth of an inch

(a point is 0»001)» (The term is sometimes used to designate Mullen

or Cady test units«)
- 25 .

h. Sami wood-JiouRh or siirfaced lumber that has been di^/ided into tiwo or more

thicknesses by sawing.

S. Shook—The unassembled but completely fabricated parts of a box, crate or

barrel. ^

.6. Standard—An established or authorized measure of wight, dimension, quality, or the like; especially, something serving as a model.

n. Test—A process or a procedure by ^ich the performance of a material container, or any other object is determined.

a* Beach (G, E. Puncture Test)—A testing machine developed to evaluate the puncture resistance and score line strength of

boxes. The amount of penetration or resistance is indicated

on a scale.

b. Cady or Mullen test—^A test to measiire the bursting strength of

fiberboard, in i^ihich a Cady or Mullen Tester is used. It

consists essentially in clamping the dry fiberboard betwen

tv/o surfaces having concentric circular openings of about

1.25 inches in diameter and then applying hydraulic pressure

through a rubber diaphragm secured to one of the circular

openings so as to burst a hole throLigh the board exposed to

the opening• The pressure required to burst the board is

recorded by means of a pressure gage calibrated to read in

pounds per square inch. This test is fuD.ly described in

Rule Ul of the Uniform Railroads Freight Classification.

c. Compression Test—Test simuHating heavy stacking of packaged materials. Registers poundage exerted and amo-ont of compression or yield»

d. Flat crush te^t—^The flat crush test measures the force required

to crush the corrugations in a sheet of combined board.

Generally, specimens cut for this test are about 3" square.

e. Impact (Conbur Test)—^A test simulating rough handling on fieight

cars.lUses a dolly riding on inclined rails vâth impact

against a solid -wall.

f. Revolving difum test—A rough-handling test for packed shippi.ng

containers • This test is designed to simulate thti handling

a box receives in transportation.

18. Veneer—Thin sheets of v^ood produced on a rotary 3athe or by slicing or

samng.

a. Rotary-Cut Veneer—Veneer cut in a continuous strip by rotating

a log against the edge of a knife in a lathe.

b. Saw-n Veneer—^Veneer produced by sawing.

c. Sliced Veneer—Veneer that is sliced off by moving a log oox.

or filch against a large knife.
- 26 -

U. S. WEIGHT CIASSES

(Illustrations - Actual Size)

Figure 18.—The six U. S, Weight Classes, and the minimum ireight for each in

ounces per dozen.
- 27 -

APPSNDIX

Table lO*—^Minimum Tveights of consumer and livholesale grades of eggs in the U.

S. Vieight Classes for Shell Eggs, by size or TOight class*

CONSUMER GRADES

Size or

yreight class

Jumbo

Extra LargeLarge

Medium

Small

Peei/ree

Minimum net weight

per dozen

Ounces

30

27

2U

21

18

15

Minimum net weight

per 30 dozen

Pounds

56

50-V2

U?

39-1/2

3U

28

Minimum -weight for"

individual eggs.at

rate per dozen z/

Ounces

29

26

23

20

17

l/ Minimum weights listed for individual eggs at the rate per dozen are

permitted in various size classes only to the extent that they will not reduce

the net weight per dozen below the required minimum, consideration being given

to variable weight of individual eggs and variable efficiency of graders and

scales "which should be maintained on a uniform and accurate basis»

iraOLESALE GRADES

Weight classes

Per 30 dozen eggs

\ Minimum

:Average net: net v¿eight;

rweight on a: individual;

tlot i/^asis:case£/basis

Weights for individual eggs

at rate per dozen

: lAleight variation tolerance for not

Minimum: more than 10 percent, by count, of

weight: individual eggs

Extra large :

Large

Medium

Small

Pounds x Pounds : OuncesT

• - •

50-1/2 : 50 : 26 : Under 26 but not under 2k ounces*

\x$ X Wx : 23 : Under 23 but not under 21 ounces

39-I/2 2 39 : 20 : Under 20 but not under 18 ounces.

3Ú : None : None : None»

1/ Lot means ai^r quantity of 30 dozen or more eggs»

2/ Case means standard 30-dozen egg case as used in commercial practice in the

United States,*

•jîr U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1955 Q—350743