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Brian Lassalle, and all others similarly situated, 

appellant, v. State of Nebraska and State of 

Nebraska, acting through the Nebraska 

Department of Health and Human 

Services, et al., appellees.

___ N.W.2d ___

Filed September 18, 2020. No. S-19-810.

1. Summary Judgment: Appeal and Error. An appellate court affirms a 

lower court’s grant of summary judgment if the pleadings and admitted 

evidence show that there is no genuine issue as to any material facts or 

as to the ultimate inferences that may be drawn from the facts and that 

the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

2. ____: ____. An appellate court reviews the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, viewing the record in the light most favorable 

to the nonmoving party and drawing all reasonable inferences in that 

party’s favor.

3. Contracts. The interpretation of a contract and whether the contract is 

ambiguous are questions of law.

4. Judgments: Appeal and Error. An appellate court independently 

reviews questions of law decided by a lower court.

5. Employer and Employee: Employment Contracts: Wages. A payment will be considered a wage subject to the Nebraska Wage Payment 

and Collection Act if (1) it is compensation for labor or services, (2) 

it was previously agreed to, and (3) all the conditions stipulated have 

been met.

6. Contracts. When the terms of a contract are clear, a court may not 

resort to rules of construction, and the terms are to be accorded their 

plain and ordinary meaning as an ordinary or reasonable person would 

understand them.

7. ____. A contract must receive a reasonable construction and must be 

construed as a whole, and if possible, effect must be given to every part 

of the contract.

Nebraska Supreme Court Online Library

www.nebraska.gov/apps-courts-epub/

10/30/2020 12:07 AM CDT
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8. ____. A court is not free to rewrite a contract or to speculate as to terms 

of the contract which the parties have not seen fit to include.

9. Contracts: Intent. A court should avoid interpreting contract provisions 

in a manner that leads to unreasonable or absurd results that are obviously inconsistent with the parties’ intent.

10. Contracts. Extrinsic evidence is not permitted to explain the terms of a 

contract that is unambiguous.

11. Moot Question. A case becomes moot when the issues initially presented in the litigation cease to exist, when the litigants lack a legally 

cognizable interest in the outcome of litigation, or when the litigants 

seek to determine a question which does not rest upon existing facts or 

rights, in which the issues presented are no longer alive.

Appeal from the District Court for Lancaster County: John 

A. Colborn, Judge. Affirmed.

Kathleen M. Neary and Vincent M. Powers, of Powers Law, 

and R. Joseph Barton and Vincent Cheng, of Block & Leviton, 

L.L.P., for appellant.

Douglas J. Peterson, Attorney General, and Stephanie 

Caldwell for appellees.

Heavican, C.J., Miller-Lerman, Stacy, Funke, Papik, and 

Freudenberg, JJ.

Papik, J.

On several occasions between 2016 and 2019, Brian 

Lassalle, an employee of the Nebraska Department of Health 

and Human Services (DHHS), sought to take and be paid for 

leave hours during pay periods in which he also worked his 

full complement of hours. When DHHS did not allow him to 

do so, he brought an action against the State alleging various 

claims, including a violation of the Nebraska Wage Payment 

and Collection Act (NWPCA), see Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 48-1228 

to 48-1234 (Reissue 2010, Cum. Supp. 2018 & Supp. 2019). 

He also filed a motion for class certification in which he asked 

to represent a class of similarly situated DHHS employees. 

The district court entered summary judgment in favor of 

the State and denied Lassalle’s motion for class certification 
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as moot. Finding no error on the part of the district court, 

we affirm.

BACKGROUND

Lassalle’s Allegations.

Since 1993, Lassalle has worked for DHHS as a security 

specialist and medication aide at the Lincoln Regional Center. 

Lassalle receives pay every 2 weeks and is paid by the hour. 

As a term of his employment, Lassalle receives paid vacation, 

sick, and bereavement leave.

In this case, Lassalle sought to bring an action on behalf 

of himself and other DHHS employees against the State of 

Nebraska. He alleged that beginning in July 2016, DHHS 

refused to pay him and other employees for certain vacation, 

sick, and bereavement leave hours that were approved by 

supervisors and recorded by the employees. Lassalle asserted 

that this happened because in July 2016, DHHS began prohibiting employees from taking and being paid for leave hours to 

the extent that use would cause the employee to exceed more 

than 40 hours per week if paid weekly or more than 80 hours 

every 2 weeks if paid on that basis. According to Lassalle, he 

had previously been paid for leave time during pay periods in 

which he recorded more than 80 hours of work and leave time. 

Lassalle alleged that the refusal to pay him for the leave hours 

at issue violated the NWPCA; the State Tort Claims Act, see 

Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 81-8,209 to 81-8,235 (Reissue 2014, Cum. 

Supp. 2018 & Supp. 2019); and the State Contract Claims Act, 

Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 81-8,302 to 81-8,306 (Reissue 2014).

Motions for Class Certification.

Early in the case, Lassalle filed a motion for class certification. Lassalle defined the class as:

All current and former full-time non-exempt employees of [DHHS]

(a) who work at one or more of the following facilities: the Lincoln Regional Center, Norfolk Regional 

Center, Hastings Regional Center, Whitehall Psychiatric 
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Residential Treatment Facility, Kearn[e]y Youth Rehabilitation & Treatment Center, Geneva Youth Rehabilitation & Treatment Center, and Beatrice State Department 

Center (collectively “the Facilities”); or

(b) who took paid vacation or sick leave on or after 

June 27, 2016[,] while they worked at any of the Facilities 

and have not been compensated for all the hours corresponding to such leave.

The district court overruled Lassalle’s motion for class 

certification. The court reasoned that although the class was 

sufficiently numerous, a potential conflict of interest existed 

between class members, because if Lassalle prevailed, certain class members who might prefer to keep rather than use 

accrued leave would lose the chance to do so. Alternatively, 

the district court found that class certification should be denied 

because whether and to what extent any class member would 

be entitled to recover would be subject to varying proof.

Lassalle filed a second amended complaint in which he 

attempted to address the potential conflict of interest found 

by the district court. The second amended complaint asked 

that the district court order that class members be allowed to 

elect whether they wished to receive back wages or to retain 

their accrued leave. Lassalle later filed a renewed motion for 

class certification.

Summary Judgment.

Prior to the district court’s ruling on Lassalle’s renewed 

motion for class certification, the State filed a motion for summary judgment. The district court held one hearing in which 

it received evidence and heard argument on both motions. We 

summarize certain evidence offered in support of and in opposition to the State’s motion for summary judgment below.

The district court received two labor contracts between the 

State and the union representing the bargaining unit to which 

Lassalle belonged. The first labor contract applied between 

July 1, 2015, and June 30, 2017, and the second applied 

between July 1, 2017, and June 30, 2019. There was no dispute 
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that these contracts set forth the terms and conditions of 

Lassalle’s employment.

The relevant provisions of the labor contracts were substantially the same. Each labor contract stated that it “supersedes 

and cancels all prior practices and agreements, whether written 

or oral, unless expressly stated to the contrary,” and “constitutes 

the complete and entire agreement between the parties.”

In both labor contracts, the State reserved the right “to operate and direct the employees of the State . . . to the extent that 

such rights do not violate its legal authority, and to the extent 

such rights are not modified by [the contracts].” The labor contracts provided that those rights included “[t]he right to adopt, 

modify, change, enforce, or discontinue any existing rules, 

regulations, procedures or policies.”

The labor contracts also contained provisions concerning 

employees’ right to paid leave. Under the labor contracts, 

employees earned vacation and sick leave according to the 

duration of their employment. Another provision stated that 

employees may be granted up to 5 days of bereavement leave 

in the event of a death in the employee’s immediate family. A 

provision of the labor contracts pertaining to overtime work 

provided that, with an exception not relevant to Lassalle, “holidays shall be considered as work hours for overtime purposes,” 

but that “[l]eave time (vacation, sick, etc.) shall not be considered as hours worked.”

Under the labor contracts, employees received a lump-sum 

payment for any unused vacation leave upon separation of 

employment. The labor contracts also provided, however, that 

employees forfeit any accumulated vacation time in excess 

of 35 days at the end of each year. The contracts provided 

that “[v]acation leave should be applied for in advance by the 

employee and may be used only when approved by the Agency 

Head and/or his/her Designee. Vacation leave may not be unreasonably denied or deferred so that the employee is deprived of 

vacation rights.” The labor contract in effect between July 1, 

2017, and June 30, 2019, contained an additional provision 
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obligating the employing agency “to provide reasonable opportunity for a State employee to use rather than forfeit accumulated vacation leave.” Under that provision, if an employee 

made a reasonable request to use vacation leave before the 

leave must be forfeited and that request was denied, the State 

was obligated to pay the employee the cash equivalent of the 

forfeited and denied vacation leave.

Both labor contracts provided that all sick leave was forfeited upon separation from employment, except that employees age 55 and older and certain other employees were entitled, 

upon separation, to a payment equivalent to one-quarter of 

their accumulated sick leave not to exceed 480 hours. The 

labor contracts contained no provision regarding payouts for 

unused bereavement leave, and the parties agree that unused 

bereavement leave was forfeited at the end of each year. The 

labor contracts provided that bereavement leave “will not be 

unreasonably denied.”

In addition to the labor contracts, the district court received 

evidence regarding a DHHS policy concerning the use of 

leave. The district court received an affidavit of DHHS’ chief 

of staff, in which she stated the following:

Since at least 2013, it has been the policy of the DHHS 

that employees are only allowed to report more than 40 

hours of time in a single work period (or more than 80 

hours in a two-week work period) when actually working overtime. DHHS hourly employees are not allowed to 

use leave time to exceed 40 hours in a single work period 

or 80 hours in a two-week work period. For example, an 

employee that works a 40 hour work week cannot report 

35 hours of work and 8 hours of leave time. Only 5 hours 

of leave time may be used in this situation.

Other employees of DHHS also testified as to this policy. 

Additionally, the policy was reflected in a document received 

by the district court entitled “KRONOS Quick Start Guide for 

Employees” (KRONOS guide). KRONOS is a time and attendance software used by DHHS to track employees’ worktime 
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and leave usage. The KRONOS guide, which indicated it was 

updated in 2013, provided:

Employees are only allowed to report more than 40 

hours of time in a single week when working overtime. 

Employees are not allowed to use leave time to exceed 

40 hours in the week. For example, an employee cannot 

report 35 hours of work and 8 hours of vacation. Only 5 

hours of vacation may be used in this situation.

The district court also received evidence that it came to 

the attention of DHHS in 2016 that at some DHHS facilities, 

including the Lincoln Regional Center, some employees were 

recording and being paid for leave time in excess of the total 

hours allowed in the employees’ pay periods. In response to 

that information, on June 8, 2016, the deputy human resources 

director at DHHS emailed a memorandum to all DHHS supervisors. The memorandum stated that “[e]mployees cannot have 

more than 40 hours in any work week unless they have physically worked more than 40 hours.” (Emphasis in original.) 

It went on to provide a similar example to the one noted in 

the KRONOS guide: “If an employee works 34 hours in a 

week, and submits a leave request for 8 hours—the supervisor should only approve 6 hours.” The district court also 

received as an exhibit a document indicating that on July 13, 

Lassalle, along with others, was forwarded an email from 

human resources staff at the Lincoln Regional Center stating 

that if a full-time employee actually worked 80 hours, paid 

leave was unavailable.

The district court also received at the summary judgment 

hearing interrogatory answers of Lassalle in which he identified 11 different days between September 2016 and January 

2019 on which he claimed that his supervisor approved and 

he took and recorded vacation, sick, or bereavement leave but 

was denied pay. According to Lassalle, he was denied approximately $1,300 as a result of DHHS’ refusal to allow him to 

take and be paid for the leave at issue.
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District Court Order on Summary Judgment 

and Class Certification.

The district court issued an order in which it sustained the 

State’s motion for summary judgment and overruled Lassalle’s 

motion for class certification. The district court addressed the 

State’s summary judgment motion first. In analyzing Lassalle’s 

NWPCA claim, the district court considered the labor contracts 

and found that they contained no agreement to pay Lassalle 

for leave time exceeding 80 hours in a pay period. Without 

evidence of such an agreement, the district court concluded 

the State was entitled to judgment as a matter of law on his 

NWPCA claim. The district court also found the State was 

entitled to summary judgment on Lassalle’s claims under the 

State Tort Claims Act and the State Contract Claims Act.

In light of its finding that the State was entitled to summary 

judgment, the district court determined that Lassalle’s renewed 

motion for class certification was moot. Even so, the district 

court, “for the sake of judicial efficiency,” went on to explain 

why it would overrule the motion for class certification even 

if it had not entered summary judgment against Lassalle. It 

stated that although Lassalle had attempted to remedy the 

issues the district court identified when it denied his initial 

motion for class certification, Lassalle did not explain why the 

evidence and argument he relied upon were not offered at the 

time of the first motion. The district court also noted that it 

believed class certification at that point would result in unacceptable delay.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

Lassalle assigns 12 errors on appeal, all of which relate to 

the entry of summary judgment in favor of the State and the 

denial of his motion for class certification. He assigns, consolidated and restated, that the district court erred in (1) sustaining the State’s motion for summary judgment on his NWPCA 

claim and (2) denying his motions for class certification.
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STANDARD OF REVIEW

[1,2] An appellate court affirms a lower court’s grant of 

summary judgment if the pleadings and admitted evidence 

show that there is no genuine issue as to any material facts or 

as to the ultimate inferences that may be drawn from the facts 

and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of 

law. Drought v. Marsh, 304 Neb. 860, 937 N.W.2d 229 (2020). 

An appellate court reviews the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, viewing the record in the light most 

favorable to the nonmoving party and drawing all reasonable 

inferences in that party’s favor. Pitts v. Genie Indus., 302 Neb. 

88, 921 N.W.2d 597 (2019).

[3,4] The interpretation of a contract and whether the contract is ambiguous are questions of law. Timberlake v. Douglas 

County, 291 Neb. 387, 865 N.W.2d 788 (2015). An appellate 

court independently reviews questions of law decided by a 

lower court. Fisher v. PayFlex Systems USA, 285 Neb. 808, 

829 N.W.2d 703 (2013).

ANALYSIS

NWPCA Claim.

As mentioned above, Lassalle asserted multiple theories of 

recovery in the district court. On appeal, however, Lassalle 

challenges only the entry of summary judgment in favor of 

the State on his NWPCA claim. We thus limit our analysis to 

that claim.

Before turning to the NWPCA itself, however, we pause to 

clarify the basis of Lassalle’s claim and to identify the issues 

that are in dispute. As explained above, Lassalle contends that 

during several pay periods between 2016 and 2019, he sought 

to take and be paid for leave time even though the combined 

total of his work and leave hours exceeded 80. This apparently 

came about as a result of Lassalle’s receiving approval to take 

time off on days he was scheduled to work, but also agreeing to work additional hours at other times during the same 

pay period. Lassalle would then record both a full 80 hours 

of work and the additional leave hours. The State does not 
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dispute that it did not pay Lassalle for leave hours to the extent 

they exceeded 80 hours on those occasions.

Lassalle makes a number of concessions as well. He does 

not dispute that DHHS never denied him pay for hours he 

worked and that in each of the instances in which DHHS did 

not permit him to take or be paid for leave, it did not deduct 

those hours from his leave balances. Lassalle also admits that 

he had never lost or forfeited any vacation or sick leave under 

the labor contracts. The issue in this case is thus whether the 

State violated the NWPCA when it refused to permit Lassalle 

to take and be paid for leave hours when doing so would cause 

him to exceed 80 hours of work and leave during a pay period. 

With that background established, we turn to the NWPCA.

[5] The NWPCA essentially permits an employee to sue his 

or her employer if the employer fails to pay the employee’s 

wages as they become due. Pick v. Norfolk Anesthesia, 276 

Neb. 511, 755 N.W.2d 382 (2008). “Wages” are defined as 

“compensation for labor or services rendered by an employee, 

including fringe benefits, when previously agreed to and conditions stipulated have been met by the employee, whether the 

amount is determined on a time, task, fee, commission, or other 

basis.” § 48-1229(6). On the basis of this statutory language, 

we have held that a payment will be considered a wage subject 

to the NWPCA if (1) it is compensation for labor or services, 

(2) it was previously agreed to, and (3) all the conditions stipulated have been met. Pick v. Norfolk Anesthesia, supra.

It is clear that sick and vacation leave plans like those provided under the labor contracts qualify as compensation for 

labor or services. The NWPCA specifically provides that sick 

and vacation leave plans are “fringe benefits” and thus included 

within the act’s definition of “wages.” See § 48-1229(4). See, 

also, Timberlake v. Douglas County, 291 Neb. 387, 865 N.W.2d 

788 (2015).

But establishing that the leave benefits qualify as compensation for labor or services proves only the first element of 

an NWPCA claim. In order to prove the other two elements, 
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Lassalle was also required to show that the State previously 

agreed to pay him for the leave at issue and that all the conditions stipulated to receive that pay were met. It was here 

that the district court found that Lassalle’s NWPCA claim fell 

short: it found that the State did not agree in the labor contracts 

that it would pay Lassalle for vacation, sick, or bereavement 

leave to the extent doing so would allow Lassalle to be paid 

for more than 80 hours during a pay period. Lassalle offers a 

number of reasons why he believes this was erroneous, but, as 

we will explain, we are not persuaded.

Lassalle first argues that the district court erred by giving 

any consideration to whether there was a prior agreement to 

pay him for the leave at issue. Lassalle asserts that under the 

NWPCA, the question of whether there was an agreement to 

pay compensation is an issue of fact that should not have been 

resolved at summary judgment. We disagree. Lassalle brought 

his claim under the NWPCA, but he alleged in his operative 

complaint that his right to payment arose out of the labor contracts. When, as here, a party’s NWPCA claim is premised on 

a written contract, the meaning of that contract may present a 

question of law to be decided by the court. As we have previously observed, “[i]n virtually every case brought under the 

[NWPCA], the employee and the employer dispute whether 

wages are owed based on an existing contract or agreement of 

some sort. The court then determines which party’s interpretation of the agreement is correct.” Professional Firefighters 

Assn. v. City of Omaha, 290 Neb. 300, 307, 860 N.W.2d 137, 

142 (2015). A court may make such a determination because 

the meaning of an unambiguous contract is a question of law. 

See Kasel v. Union Pacific RR. Co., 291 Neb. 226, 865 N.W.2d 

734 (2015). That is what we understand the district court to 

have done here.

[6-9] Neither do we agree with Lassalle that the district 

court was incorrect when it determined that the labor contracts 

did not contain an agreement to pay Lassalle for leave hours 

in excess of 80 hours in a pay period. In reviewing the district 
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court’s interpretation of the labor contracts, we are guided by 

familiar principles. When the terms of a contract are clear, 

a court may not resort to rules of construction, and the terms 

are to be accorded their plain and ordinary meaning as an 

ordinary or reasonable person would understand them. Coffey 

v. Planet Group, 287 Neb. 834, 845 N.W.2d 255 (2014). A 

contract must receive a reasonable construction and must be 

construed as a whole, and if possible, effect must be given 

to every part of the contract. Kercher v. Board of Regents, 

290 Neb. 428, 860 N.W.2d 398 (2015). A court is not free to 

rewrite a contract or to speculate as to terms of the contract 

which the parties have not seen fit to include. Ray Anderson, 

Inc. v. Buck’s, Inc., 300 Neb. 434, 915 N.W.2d 36 (2018). A 

court should avoid interpreting contract provisions in a manner 

that leads to unreasonable or absurd results that are obviously 

inconsistent with the parties’ intent. Timberlake v. Douglas 

County, 291 Neb. 387, 865 N.W.2d 788 (2015).

Lassalle cannot point to any provision in the labor contracts 

in which the State agreed that employees could take and be 

paid for leave hours in addition to being compensated for a 

fully worked pay period. The labor contracts did provide that 

“[v]acation leave may not be unreasonably denied or deferred 

so that the employee is deprived of vacation rights.” This provision, however, does not give employees a right to use vacation leave in any manner they choose or a right to be paid for 

vacation leave during pay periods in which they actually work 

a full schedule. In any event, we do not see how this provision 

could be of any assistance to Lassalle, because it refers only 

to employees who are denied vacation leave and are thereby 

deprived of vacation rights. Lassalle acknowledges that he has 

never forfeited any vacation leave.

The provision in the contracts stating that “[b]ereavement 

leave will not be unreasonably denied” is also of no assistance 

to Lassalle. Like the language regarding vacation leave, this 

provision does not reflect an agreement that employees will be 
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paid for bereavement leave to the extent it would cause them 

to exceed their normal paid hours during a pay period.

The labor contracts did contain a provision that made clear 

that leave time was not to be counted as hours worked for 

overtime purposes. The district court relied on this provision 

in the course of concluding that there was no agreement to pay 

Lassalle for the leave time at issue. Lassalle criticizes the district court’s reliance on this provision, arguing that it is irrelevant because he did not claim an entitlement to overtime pay. 

But even if Lassalle is correct that the labor contracts’ overtime 

provisions do not directly address his claim, it remains true that 

no provision of the labor contracts, outside of those dealing 

with overtime, refers to employees’ right to be paid for more 

than 40 hours if paid weekly or more than 80 hours if paid 

every 2 weeks.

Not only did the labor contracts not contain any language 

suggesting an agreement to pay employees leave time in a pay 

period in which they worked a full schedule, they contained 

language giving DHHS the authority to enforce its policy prohibiting employees from using leave time in this fashion. As 

noted above, in the labor contracts, the State reserved the right 

to direct employees “to the extent such rights [were] not modified by [the labor contracts],” and that this included the “right 

to adopt, modify, change, enforce, or discontinue any existing 

rules, regulations, procedures, or policies.”

Because the labor contracts contained no provision guaranteeing employees the right to use leave time to the extent that 

doing so would cause them to exceed their normal hours during 

a pay period, the State could, within the terms of the labor contracts, enforce its policy prohibiting employees from doing so. 

And while Lassalle strives to create a genuine issue of material 

fact regarding the policy, we do not see one. Lassalle principally points to deposition testimony from a longtime DHHS 

payroll processor that she had to change the way she processed 

payroll in response to DHHS’ June 2016 memorandum regarding the usage of leave time. This testimony is undoubtedly 
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evidence that DHHS did not consistently enforce its policy 

prior to June 2016, but that point is not in question. We do not 

believe this evidence creates a genuine dispute of material fact 

as to whether such a policy existed or that the labor contracts 

authorized DHHS to enforce it.

Lassalle also argues that the State could not enforce its 

policy in the instances at issue, because a supervisor approved 

his taking of leave, he did not work on the days leave was 

approved, and he recorded that leave on his timesheets. He 

apparently takes the position that the State agreed to pay leave 

when those conditions were met. But while those steps may 

be necessary conditions to an employee’s receiving leave pay 

under the labor contracts, Lassalle points to nothing in the 

labor contracts that provides those are sufficient conditions to 

receiving leave pay.

In the instances at issue, Lassalle may have received supervisor approval to miss work on a particular day he was scheduled, but under the policy adopted by DHHS—which, as we 

have discussed above, the labor contracts authorized it to 

enforce—he was not permitted to use leave time to the extent 

it would cause his total hours to exceed 80 in a pay period. 

Further, there is no dispute that DHHS did not, in fact, deduct 

any leave hours from Lassalle’s accumulated totals in the 

instances at issue. So while Lassalle may not have received 

leave pay for some days in which his supervisor approved his 

absence from work, he did not actually use leave hours on 

those days either. There is nothing in the labor contracts indicating that employees could, prior to separation from employment and during a pay period in which they were compensated 

for a full 80 hours, also receive pay for leave hours that were 

not used.

[10] Lassalle makes other arguments that the district court 

erred by granting summary judgment on his NWPCA claim, 

but in light of our conclusion that the district court correctly 

concluded that the labor contracts contained no agreement to 

pay him for the leave at issue, they can be dispensed with 
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quickly. Lassalle argues, for example, that the district court 

ignored deposition testimony of certain current and former 

state employees. He argues that this testimony was favorable 

to his position there was an agreement to pay him for the leave 

at issue and that by not addressing it, the district court failed 

to view the evidence in the light most favorable to him as the 

nonmoving party. Although we understand much of the testimony Lassalle relies upon to recognize only a general right 

of state employees to accrue and use leave benefits, it is not 

necessary for us to parse that testimony in detail, because it is 

extrinsic to the labor contracts. Extrinsic evidence is not permitted to explain the terms of a contract that is unambiguous. 

Ray Anderson, Inc. v. Buck’s, Inc., 300 Neb. 434, 915 N.W.2d 

36 (2018).

Finally, Lassalle argues that the district court erred by 

focusing exclusively on the labor contracts. In both his briefs 

and at oral argument, Lassalle emphasized that he brought an 

NWPCA claim and not a claim for breach of the labor contracts. But as we have discussed, to prevail on an NWPCA 

claim, the employee must show an agreement to pay the wages 

at issue, and Lassalle alleged that the labor contracts contained 

such an agreement. Given this allegation, we cannot fault the 

district court for analyzing the labor contracts to determine 

if they contained an agreement that would support Lassalle’s 

NWPCA claim. Further, Lassalle has not identified any other 

agreement in which the State committed to pay him for leave 

under the circumstances at issue here.

The district court did not err by concluding as a matter of 

law that there was no prior agreement to pay Lassalle for the 

leave at issue and sustaining the State’s motion for summary 

judgment on Lassalle’s NWPCA claim.

Class Certification.

Lassalle also argues that the district court erred when it 

overruled his motion for class certification. The district court 

concluded that because it sustained the State’s motion for 
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summary judgment, Lassalle’s motion for class certification 

was moot. We agree.

[11] A case becomes moot when the issues initially presented in the litigation cease to exist, when the litigants lack a 

legally cognizable interest in the outcome of litigation, or when 

the litigants seek to determine a question which does not rest 

upon existing facts or rights, in which the issues presented are 

no longer alive. State v. Dunster, 278 Neb. 268, 769 N.W.2d 

401 (2009). Lassalle sought to represent a class of DHHS 

employees in an action against the State, but because the State 

was entitled to summary judgment on those claims, he could 

no longer do so. The class certification issue was moot. See, 

e.g., Spaulding v. United Transp. Union, 279 F.3d 901 (10th 

Cir. 2002) (holding that entry of summary judgment in favor of 

defendants mooted plaintiffs’ argument that district court erred 

in denying motion for class certification); Jibson v. Michigan 

Educ. Ass’n-NEA, 30 F.3d 723, 734 (6th Cir. 1994) (“because 

we affirm the district court’s grant of [the defendant’s] motion 

for summary judgment, we also find that the district court did 

not err in subsequently refusing to rule on the motion for class 

certification, and in not granting any relief to the other purported class members”). See, also, Cowen v. Bank United of 

Texas, FSB, 70 F.3d 937 (7th Cir. 1995) (explaining that entry 

of summary judgment in favor of defendant moots motion for 

class certification if grounds for summary judgment would 

apply equally to other members of proposed class).

CONCLUSION

Because the district court did not err by sustaining the 

State’s motion for summary judgment on Lassalle’s NWPCA 

claim or by denying his motion for class certification as moot, 

we affirm.

Affirmed.

Cassel, J., not participating.