April 8, 2015

 Exemption No. 11287

 Regulatory Docket No. FAA–2014–0950

Mr. Donald G. Bintz

President

Unmanned Systems, Inc.

2709 Cyrano Street

Henderson, NV 89044

Dear Mr. Bintz:

This letter is to inform you that we have granted your request for exemption. It transmits our 

decision, explains its basis, and gives you the conditions and limitations of the exemption, 

including the date it ends.

The Basis for Our Decision

By letter dated October 7, 2014, you petitioned the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on 

behalf of Unmanned Systems, Inc. (hereinafter petitioner or operator) for an exemption. The 

exemption would allow the petitioner to operate an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) 

commercially in motion picture and television operations.

See Appendix A for the petition submitted to the FAA describing the proposed operations and 

the regulations that the petitioner seeks an exemption.

The FAA has determined that good cause exists for not publishing a summary of the petition 

in the Federal Register because the requested exemption would not set a precedent, and any 

delay in acting on this petition would be detrimental to the petitioner.
2

Airworthiness Certification

The UAS proposed by the petitioner are the multirotor G4 7.8 Skycrane, modified F–450 

quadcopter by Flame Wheel, and Tarrot 900 hexacopter.

The petitioner requested relief from 14 CFR part 21, Certification procedures for products 

and parts, Subpart H—Airworthiness Certificates. In accordance with the statutory criteria 

provided in Section 333 of Public Law 112−95 in reference to 49 U.S.C. § 44704, and in 

consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited operating area associated with the 

aircraft and its operation, the Secretary of Transportation has determined that this aircraft 

meets the conditions of Section 333. Therefore, the FAA finds that the requested relief from 

14 CFR part 21, and any associated noise certification and testing requirements of part 36, is 

not necessary.

The Basis for Our Decision

You have requested to use a UAS for aerial data collection and closed set motion picture and 

filming. The FAA has issued grants of exemption in circumstances similar in all material 

respects to those presented in your petition. In Grants of Exemption Nos. 11062 to Astraeus 

Aerial (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0352), 11109 to Clayco, Inc. (see Docket No. 

FAA−2014−0507), 11112 to VDOS Global, LLC (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0382), and 

11213 to Aeryon Labs, Inc. (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0642), the FAA found that the 

enhanced safety achieved using an unmanned aircraft (UA) with the specifications described 

by the petitioner and carrying no passengers or crew, rather than a manned aircraft of 

significantly greater proportions, carrying crew in addition to flammable fuel, gives the FAA 

good cause to find that the UAS operation enabled by this exemption is in the public interest.

Having reviewed your reasons for requesting an exemption, I find that—

• They are similar in all material respects to relief previously requested in Grant of 

Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and 11213;

• The reasons stated by the FAA for granting Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and 

11213 also apply to the situation you present; and 

• A grant of exemption is in the public interest.

Our Decision

In consideration of the foregoing, I find that a grant of exemption is in the public interest. 

Therefore, pursuant to the authority contained in 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, and 44701, 

delegated to me by the Administrator, Unmanned Systems, Inc. is granted an exemption from 

14 CFR §§ 61.23(a) and (c), 61.101(e)(4) and (5), 61.113(a), 61.315(a), 91.7(a), 91.119(c), 

91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) and (2), and 91.417(a) and (b), to 

the extent necessary to allow the petitioner to operate a UAS to perform aerial data collection 
3

and closed set motion picture and filming. This exemption is subject to the conditions and 

limitations listed below.

Conditions and Limitations

In this grant of exemption, Unmanned Systems, Inc. is hereafter referred to as the operator.

Failure to comply with any of the conditions and limitations of this grant of exemption will be 

grounds for the immediate suspension or rescission of this exemption.

1. Operations authorized by this grant of exemption are limited to the multirotor G4 7.8 

Skycrane, modified F–450 quadcopter by Flame Wheel, and Tarrot 900 hexacopter

when weighing less than 55 pounds including payload. Proposed operations of any 

other aircraft will require a new petition or a petition to amend this exemption.

2. Operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and television filming are 

permitted. 

3. The UA may not be operated at a speed exceeding 87 knots (100 miles per hour). The 

exemption holder may use either groundspeed or calibrated airspeed to determine 

compliance with the 87 knot speed restriction. In no case will the UA be operated at 

airspeeds greater than the maximum UA operating airspeed recommended by the 

aircraft manufacturer.

4. The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level 

(AGL). Altitude must be reported in feet AGL.

5. The UA must be operated within visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC at all times. 

This requires the PIC to be able to use human vision unaided by any device other than 

corrective lenses, as specified on the PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate or 

U.S. driver’s license.

6. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The UA must be operated within 

the visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC and VO at all times. The VO may be used 

to satisfy the VLOS requirement as long as the PIC always maintains VLOS 

capability. The VO and PIC must be able to communicate verbally at all times; 

electronic messaging or texting is not permitted during flight operations. The PIC must 

be designated before the flight and cannot transfer his or her designation for the 

duration of the flight. The PIC must ensure that the VO can perform the duties 

required of the VO.

7. This exemption and all documents needed to operate the UAS and conduct its 

operations in accordance with the conditions and limitations stated in this grant of 

exemption, are hereinafter referred to as the operating documents. The operating 
4

documents must be accessible during UAS operations and made available to the 

Administrator upon request. If a discrepancy exists between the conditions and 

limitations in this exemption and the procedures outlined in the operating documents, 

the conditions and limitations herein take precedence and must be followed. 

Otherwise, the operator must follow the procedures as outlined in its operating 

documents. The operator may update or revise its operating documents. It is the 

operator’s responsibility to track such revisions and present updated and revised 

documents to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request. The 

operator must also present updated and revised documents if it petitions for extension 

or amendment to this grant of exemption. If the operator determines that any update or 

revision would affect the basis upon which the FAA granted this exemption, then the 

operator must petition for an amendment to its grant of exemption. The FAA’s UAS 

Integration Office (AFS-80) may be contacted if questions arise regarding updates or 

revisions to the operating documents.

8. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation 

or flight characteristics, e.g. replacement of a flight critical component, must undergo 

a functional test flight prior to conducting further operations under this exemption. 

Functional test flights may only be conducted by a PIC with a VO and must remain at 

least 500 feet from other people. The functional test flight must be conducted in such 

a manner so as to not pose an undue hazard to persons and property.

9. The operator is responsible for maintaining and inspecting the UAS to ensure that it is 

in a condition for safe operation.

10. Prior to each flight, the PIC must conduct a pre-flight inspection and determine the 

UAS is in a condition for safe flight. The pre-flight inspection must account for all 

potential discrepancies, e.g. inoperable components, items, or equipment. If the 

inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation of the UAS, the aircraft is 

prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed and the 

UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight.

11. The operator must follow the UAS manufacturer’s maintenance, overhaul, 

replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements for the aircraft and aircraft 

components.

12. Each UAS operated under this exemption must comply with all manufacturer safety 

bulletins.

13. Under this grant of exemption, a PIC must hold either an airline transport, 

commercial, private, recreational, or sport pilot certificate. The PIC must also hold a 

current FAA airman medical certificate or a valid U.S. driver’s license issued by a 

state, the District of Colombia, Puerto Rico, a territory, a possession, or the Federal 
5

government. The PIC must also meet the flight review requirements specified in 

14 CFR § 61.56 in an aircraft in which the PIC is rated on his or her pilot certificate.

14. The operator may not permit any PIC to operate unless the PIC demonstrates the 

ability to safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be 

operated under this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and 

maintaining appropriate distances from persons, vessels, vehicles and structures. PIC 

qualification flight hours and currency must be logged in a manner consistent with 

14 CFR § 61.51(b). Flights for the purposes of training the operator’s PICs and VOs 

(training, proficiency, and experience-building) and determining the PIC’s ability to 

safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be operated 

under this exemption are permitted under the terms of this exemption. However, 

training operations may only be conducted during dedicated training sessions. During 

training, proficiency, and experience-building flights, all persons not essential for 

flight operations are considered nonparticipants, and the PIC must operate the UA 

with appropriate distance from nonparticipants in accordance with 14 CFR § 91.119.

15. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR § 1.1. All 

operations must be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Flights 

under special visual flight rules (SVFR) are not authorized.

16. The UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles of an airport reference point (ARP) as 

denoted in the current FAA Airport/Facility Directory (AFD) or for airports not 

denoted with an ARP, the center of the airport symbol as denoted on the current FAApublished aeronautical chart, unless a letter of agreement with that airport’s 

management is obtained or otherwise permitted by a COA issued to the exemption 

holder. The letter of agreement with the airport management must be made available 

to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request.

17. The UA may not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet 

horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC.

18. If the UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a predetermined location within the private or controlled-access property.

19. The PIC must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies.

20. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a flight unless (considering wind and forecast 

weather conditions) there is enough available power for the UA to conduct the 

intended operation and to operate after that for at least five minutes or with the reserve 

power recommended by the manufacturer if greater.

21. Air Traffic Organization (ATO) Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA). All 

operations shall be conducted in accordance with an ATO-issued COA. The 
6

exemption holder may apply for a new or amended COA if it intends to conduct 

operations that cannot be conducted under the terms of the attached COA.

22. All aircraft operated in accordance with this exemption must be identified by serial 

number, registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification (NNumber) markings in accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings must be 

as large as practicable.

23. Documents used by the operator to ensure the safe operation and flight of the UAS and 

any documents required under 14 CFR §§ 91.9 and 91.203 must be available to the 

PIC at the Ground Control Station of the UAS any time the aircraft is operating. These 

documents must be made available to the Administrator or any law enforcement 

official upon request.

24. The UA must remain clear and give way to all manned aviation operations and 

activities at all times. 

25. The UAS may not be operated by the PIC from any moving device or vehicle. 

26. All Flight operations must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating 

persons, vessels, vehicles, and structures unless:

a. Barriers or structures are present that sufficiently protect nonparticipating persons 

from the UA and/or debris in the event of an accident. The operator must ensure 

that nonparticipating persons remain under such protection. If a situation arises 

where nonparticipating persons leave such protection and are within 500 feet of 

the UA, flight operations must cease immediately in a manner ensuring the safety 

of nonparticipating persons; and

b. The owner/controller of any vessels, vehicles or structures has granted permission 

for operating closer to those objects and the PIC has made a safety assessment of 

the risk of operating closer to those objects and determined that it does not 

present an undue hazard.

The PIC, VO, operator trainees or essential persons are not considered 

nonparticipating persons under this exemption.

27. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with 

permission from the property owner/controller or authorized representative. 

Permission from property owner/controller or authorized representative will be 

obtained for each flight to be conducted.

28. Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical 

boundaries of the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported 

to the FAA's UAS Integration Office (AFS-80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be 
7

reported to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions 

contained on the NTSB Web site: www.ntsb.gov.

If this exemption permits operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and 

television filming and production, the following additional conditions and limitations apply.

29. The operator must have a motion picture and television operations manual (MPTOM) 

as documented in this grant of exemption.

30. At least 3 days before aerial filming, the operator of the UAS affected by this 

exemption must submit a written Plan of Activities to the local Flight Standards 

District Office (FSDO) with jurisdiction over the area of proposed filming. The 3-day 

notification may be waived with the concurrence of the FSDO. The plan of activities 

must include at least the following:

a. Dates and times for all flights;

b. Name and phone number of the operator for the UAS aerial filming conducted 

under this grant of exemption;

c. Name and phone number of the person responsible for the on-scene operation of 

the UAS;

d. Make, model, and serial or N-Number of UAS to be used;

e. Name and certificate number of UAS PICs involved in the aerial filming;

f. A statement that the operator has obtained permission from property owners 

and/or local officials to conduct the filming production event; the list of those 

who gave permission must be made available to the inspector upon request;

g. Signature of exemption holder or representative; and

h. A description of the flight activity, including maps or diagrams of any area, city, 

town, county, and/or state over which filming will be conducted and the altitudes 

essential to accomplish the operation.

31. Flight operations may be conducted closer than 500 feet from participating persons 

consenting to be involved and necessary for the filming production, as specified in the 

exemption holder’s MPTOM.

Unless otherwise specified in this grant of exemption, the UAS, the UAS PIC, and the UAS 

operations must comply with all applicable parts of 14 CFR including, but not limited to, 

parts 45, 47, 61, and 91.
8

This exemption terminates on April 30, 2017, unless sooner superseded or rescinded.

Sincerely,

/s/

John Barbagallo

Acting Deputy Director, Flight Standards Service
October 7, 2014

U.S. Department of Transportation 

Docket Management System 

1200 New Jersey Ave., SE 

Washington, DC 20590

RE: Exemption Request Under Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 

2012 and 14 C.F.R. Part 11

Dear Sir or Madam:

Pursuant to Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (“FAA Reform Act”) 

and 14 C.F.R. Part 11, Unmanned Systems, Inc. (“USI”) request exemptions from two

provisions of the Federal Aviation Regulations (“FAR”), specifically portions of 14 C.F.R. Part § 

45 and Part § 91 to allow commercial operations of its fleet of rotary aircraft. The fleet includes

a Multirotor G4 7.8 Skycrane unmanned aerial system (“Skycrane”), a modified F-450 

quadcopter by Flame Wheel, and a Tarrot 900 hexacopter (all of these are referred to as 

“rotorcraft” from here on) The operation of these aircraft will be used in the continental United 

States (“CONUS”) by individuals who, at a minimum, maintain an FAA private pilot certification 

or FAA-recognized equivalents, and completed the manufacture's training plan for Skycrane

and the USI training plan for the others.

USI seeks an exemption for use of small unmanned aerial system (“sUAS”) to support film and 

television production in a tightly controlled and limited airspace. USI will utilize its currently 

established standards for operations that have been approved by the FAA when it was issued 

its experimental certification for Sandstorm and apply that to all other operations. USI will 

continue with the recommended factory maintenance plan and the maintenance plan of the 

authorized service contractor, Robotic Sky for Skycrane. As described in detail below, the 

requested exemption would permit the operation of the sUAS under controlled conditions that 

meet the requirements set in this document as well as Order 8900.1 CHG 0, Volume 3, Chapter 

8-Issue a Certificate of Waiver for Motion Picture and Television Filming (referred to as “the 

Manual” from here on). 

Granting USI's request comports with the Secretary of Transportation's (“FAA Administrator's”) 

responsibilities to not only integrate UASs into the national airspace system, but to " ... establish 

requirements for the safe operation of such unmanned aircraft systems [UASs] in the national 

airspace system" under Section 333(c) of the Reform Act. Further, USI will conduct its 

operations in compliance with the protocols described herein or as otherwise established by the 

FAA. USI respectfully requests the grant of an exemption allowing it to operate the fleet of

sUAS.

The Skycrane is a rotary wing sUAS weighing 15lbs and is 1’8” tall with a 3'7" diameter. It can 

fly up to 31 miles per hour and has a range of 0.6 miles with a maximum altitude of 1000 feet. 

The flight time of the system is up to 15 minutes with a maximum payload of 8.27lbs. The 

Skycrane has a GPS system that enables it to return to its launch position even when it has lost 

link with the controller. The Skycrane also has the ability to station-keep and conduct a landing

at its current location if there are no control inputs and a loss of GPS. 

The F-450 is a quadcopter sUAS that weighs under 10lbs and has been modified with longer 

arms and retractable landing gear. The F-450 is equipped with a GPS system to allow for 
U.S. Department of Transportation

October 7th, 2014

Page 2 of 9

position holding and a return to home feature if signal is loss. The total flight time when 

equipped is 18 minutes and maximum 25 minutes.

The Tarrot 900 hexacopter is that has a fully integrated autopilot that is capable of waypoint 

navigation, auto takoff, land, hover, and pictures at waypoints. The maximum flight time is 25 

minutes and is capable of a maximum payload of 4 lbs.

These aircraft capabilities, along with USI’s experience, make it ideally suited to conduct 

commercial operations within Visual Line of Sight (“VLOS”). Use of the sUAS reduces the need 

to operate manned aircraft, decreasing the risk to the pilot, crew, and those on the ground as 

the rotorcraft is carried to the site and not flown there with a load of flammable fuel. 

As a result of the rotorcraft size, weight, maximum speed, operational capability, and safety 

record; the distance at which it will operate from airports and populated areas; and its operation 

using visual observers to provide deconfliction from other air traffic, the rotorcraft does not 

create a hazard to users of the NAS or the public. Neither does it pose a threat to national 

security. Therefore, the FAA should grant USI the requested exemptions. Alternatively, if the 

FAA finds that modification of USI's application is required for safe operation of the rotorcraft in 

the NAS, USI requests that the FAA delineate the required modifications and either process 

USI's application as if the modifications were already made or allow USI to amend its application 

to incorporate the FAA’s findings. 

The name and address of the applicant are: 

Unmanned Systems, Inc. 

Address: 2709 Cyrano St, Henderson, NV 89044

Attn: Don Bintz Attn: Bill Reynolds 

Ph: (702) 324-9966 Ph: (702) 606-7539 

Fax: (702) 656-8782 Email:bill.reynolds@unmannedsystemsinc.com 

Email: don.bintz@unmannedsystemsinc.com

USI’s exemption request encompasses the following regulations:

14 C.F.R. § 21

14 C.F.R. § 45.23(b)

14 C.F.R. § 61.113 (a) and (b)

14 C.F.R. § 91.7(a) and (b) 

14 C.F.R. § 91.109(a) 

14 C.F.R. § 91.119 

14 C.F.R. § 91.151(a) 

14 C.F.R. § 91.405(a) 

14 C.F.R. § 91.407(a)(1) 

14 C.F.R. § 91.409(a)(2) 

14 C.F.R. § 91.417(a)

Section 333’s Mandate and the Federal Aviation Act

Grant of this exemption application for use of the rotorcraft for film and television production, 

pursuant to the exemption requested herein will advance the Congressional mandate in Section 

333 of the FAA Reform Act to accelerate the introduction of UASs into the NAS. Section 333 
U.S. Department of Transportation

October 7th, 2014

Page 3 of 9

directs the Secretary of Transportation to consider whether certain UASs may operate safely in 

the NAS before completion of the rulemaking required under Section 332 of the FAA Reform 

Act. To make that determination, the Secretary must evaluate which types of UASs do not 

create a hazard to users of the NAS or the public or pose a threat to national security in light of 

several criteria: 

• The UAS’s size, weight, speed, and operational capability; 

• Operation of the UAS in close proximity to airports and populated areas; and 

• Operation of the UAS within visual line of sight of the operator. 

FAA Reform Act § 333(b)(1). Once the Secretary determines that such vehicles “may operate 

safely in the national airspace system, the Secretary shall establish requirements for the safe 

operation of such aircraft in the national airspace system.” Id. § 333(c) (emphasis added). 

The Federal Aviation Act expressly grants the FAA the authority to issue exemptions. 49 U.S.C. 

§ 44701(f). This statutory authority, by its terms, includes exempting civil aircraft, as the term is 

defined under §40101 of the Act, from the requirements that all civil aircraft must have a current 

airworthiness certificate, 49 U.S.C. § 44711(a), and those used in commercial service must be 

piloted by private and/or commercial pilots. 14 C.F.R. §§ 61.113(a) and (b), 61.133. 

The grant of the requested exemption is in the public interest based on (i) the clear direction in 

Section 333 of the FAA Reform Act; (ii) additional authority in the Federal Aviation Act, as 

amended; (iii) the strong equivalent level of safety surrounding the proposed operations; and (iv) 

the significant public benefit, including enhanced safety and cost savings associated with 

utilizing UASs for agriculture, aerial survey photography, and patrolling. Accordingly, USI 

respectfully requests that the FAA grant the requested exemption without delay.

Airworthiness and Operations

USI proposes that the grant of the exemption be subject to the following mandatory conditions, 

which are based upon operating conditions set forth for operation of UAS by public entities 

pursuant to Certificates of Waiver or Authorization, with additional restrictions: 

1. The Small UAS (sUAS) will weigh less than 55 lbs. 

2. Flights will be operated within line of sight of a pilot and/or observer. 

3. Maximum total flight time for each operational flight will be 45 minutes. Flights will be 

terminated at 25% battery power reserve should that occur prior to the 45 minute 

limit. 

4. Flights will be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet AGL or, not more than 

200 feet above an elevated platform from which filming is planned. 

5. Minimum crew for each operation will consist of the sUAS Pilot, the Visual Observer, 

and the Camera Operator. 

6. sUAS pilot will be an FAA licensed airman with at least a private pilot’s certificate and 

second class medical. The observer will hold at least a third class medical. 

7. sUAS Pilot will be Pilot in Command (PIC). 

8. The UAS will only operate within a confined “Sterile Area” as defined in the Manual. 

Section H, I and J of the Manual requires the establishment of a “Security Perimeter” 

for the flight operations area. 

9. A briefing will be conducted in regard to the planned sUAS operations prior to each 

day’s production activities. It will be mandatory that all personnel who will be 
U.S. Department of Transportation

October 7th, 2014

Page 4 of 9

performing duties within the boundaries of the safety perimeter be present for this 

briefing. 

10. The operator will file an FAA Form 7711-1, or its equivalent, as modified in light of 

the requested exemption, with the appropriate Flight Standards District Office. 

11. The operator will obtain the consent of all persons involved in the filming and ensure 

that only consenting persons will be allowed within 100 feet of the flight operation, 

and this radius may be reduced to 30 feet based upon an equivalent level of safety 

determination, as required by Section K of the Manual. With the advanced 

permission of the relevant FSDO, operations at closer range can be approved. 

12. The operator will submit a written Plan of Activities to the FSDO three days before 

the proposed shoot as required in Section K of the Manual. 

13. Pilot and observer will have been trained in operation of UAS generally and received 

up-to-date information on the particular UAS to be operated as required Sections M 

and N of the Manual. 

14. Observer and pilot will at all times be able to communicate by voice and/or text. 

15. Written and/or oral permission from the relevant property holders will be obtained. 

16. All required permissions and permits will be obtained from territorial, state, county or 

city jurisdictions, including local law enforcement, fire, or other appropriate 

governmental agencies. 

17. If the sUAS loses communications it will have the capability to return to a predetermined location within the Security Perimeter and land. If the sUAS loses signal 

from the GPS and from the pilot it will land at its current location once 25% battery 

life is reached.

18. The sUAS will have the capability to abort a flight in case of unpredicted obstacles or 

emergencies. 

14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H: Airworthiness Certificates 

Subpart H, entitled Airworthiness Certificates, establishes the procedural requirements for the 

issuance of airworthiness certificates as required by FAR §91.203 (a) (1). Given the size and 

limited operating area associated with the aircraft to be utilized by the Applicant, an exemption 

from Part 21 Subpart H meets the requirements of an equivalent level of safety under Part 11 

and Section 333 of the Reform Act. The Federal Aviation Act (49 U.S.C.§44701 (f)) and Section 

333 of the Reform Act both authorize the FAA to exempt aircraft from the requirement for an 

airworthiness certificate, upon consideration of the size, weight, speed, operational capability, 

and proximity to airports and populated areas of the particular UAS. In all cases, an analysis of 

these criteria demonstrates that the UAS operated without an airworthiness certificate, in the 

restricted environment and under the conditions proposed will be at least as safe, or safer, than 

a conventional aircraft (fixed wing or rotorcraft) operating with an airworthiness certificate 

without the restrictions and conditions proposed. 

The sUAS to be operated hereunder is less than 55 lbs. fully loaded, carries neither a pilot nor 

passenger, carries no explosive materials or flammable liquid fuels, and operates exclusively 

within a secured area as set out in the Manual. Unlike other civil aircraft, operations under this 

exemption will be tightly controlled and monitored by both the operator, pursuant to the 

Manual’s requirements, and in compliance with local public safety requirements to provide 

security for the area of operation. The FAA will have advance notice of all operations. These 

safety enhancements, which already apply to civil aircraft operated in connection with motion 

picture and television production, provide a greater degree of safety to the public and property 

owners than conventional operations conducted with airworthiness certificates issued under 14 
U.S. Department of Transportation

October 7th, 2014

Page 5 of 9

C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H. Lastly, application of these same criteria demonstrates that there is 

no credible threat to national security posed by the UAS due to its size, speed of operation, 

location of operation, lack of explosive materials or flammable liquid fuels, and inability to carry 

a substantial external load. 

14 C.F.R. § 45.23 (b). Marking of the Aircraft 

The regulation requires: 

When marks include only the Roman capital letter "N" and the registration number is 

displayed on limited, restricted or light-sport category aircraft or experimental or 

provisionally certificated aircraft, the operator must also display on that aircraft near each 

entrance to the cabin, cockpit, or pilot station, in letters not less than 2 inches nor more 

than 6 inches high, the words "limited," "restricted," "light-sport," "experimental," or 

"provisional," as applicable. 

Even though the UAS will have no airworthiness certificate, an exemption may be needed as 

the UAS will have no entrance to the cabin, cockpit, or pilot station on which the word 

“Experimental” can be placed. Given the size of the sUAS, two-inch lettering will be impossible. 

The word “Experimental” will be placed on the fuselage in compliance with §45.29 (f). 

The equivalent level of safety will be provided by having the sUAS marked on its fuselage as 

required by §45.29 (f) where the pilot, observer, and others working with the sUAS will see the 

identification of the UAS as “Experimental.” The FAA has issued the following exemptions to this 

regulation to Exemptions Nos. 10700, 8738, 10167 and 10167A.

14 C.F.R. § 61.113 (a) & (b): Private Pilot Privileges and Limitations: Pilot in Command

Sections 61.113 (a) & (b) limit private pilots to non-commercial operations. Because the UAS 

will not carry a pilot or passengers, the proposed operations can achieve the equivalent level of 

safety of current operations by requiring the PIC operating the aircraft to have a private pilot’s 

license rather than a commercial pilot’s license to operate this small UAS. Unlike a conventional 

aircraft that carries the pilot and passengers, the sUAS is remotely controlled with no living thing 

on board. The area of operation is controlled and restricted, and all flights are planned and 

coordinated in advance as set forth in the Manual. To provide for the differences in knowledge 

level the chief pilot for USI is a commercially rated pilot that will oversee all planned flight 

operations and will approve all operating areas and operating plans. The risks associated with 

the operation of the sUAS are so diminished from the level of risk associated with commercial 

operations contemplated by Part 61 when drafted, that with the above oversight and plans will 

achieve a level of safety commiserate with the current rules set forth by 14 C.F.R. §61.113 (a) 

& (b).

14 C.F.R. §91.7(a): Civil aircraft airworthiness. 

The regulation requires that no person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in airworthy 

condition. As there will be no airworthiness certificate issued for the aircraft, should this 

exemption be granted, no FAA regulatory standard will exist for determining airworthiness. 

Given the size of the aircraft and the requirements contained in the Manual for maintenance and 

use of safety check lists prior to each flight, as set forth in Sections J, L and Q, an equivalent 

level of safety will be provided.
U.S. Department of Transportation

October 7th, 2014

Page 6 of 9

14 C.F.R. § 91.9 (b) (2): Civil Aircraft Flight Manual in the Aircraft. 

Section 91.9 (b) (2) provides: 

No person may operate a U.S.-registered civil aircraft ... 

(2) For which an Airplane or Rotorcraft Flight Manual is not required by §21.5 of this 

chapter, unless there is available in the aircraft a current approved airplane or Rotorcraft 

Flight Manual, approved manual material, markings, and placards, or any combination 

thereof.

The sUAS, given its size and configuration has no ability to carry such a flight manual on the 

aircraft, not only because there is no pilot on board, but because there is no room or capacity to 

carry such an item on the aircraft. 

The equivalent level of safety will be maintained by keeping the flight manual at the ground 

control point where the pilot flying the sUAS will have immediate access to it. The FAA has 

issued the following exemptions to this regulation: Exemption Nos. 8607, 8737, 8738, 9299, 

9299A, 9565, 9565B, 10167, 10167A, 10602, 32827, and 10700. 

14 C.F.R. § 91.103: Preflight action.

This regulation requires each pilot in command to take certain actions before flight to ensure the 

safety of flight. As FAA approved rotorcraft flight manuals will not be provided for the aircraft an 

exemption will be needed. An equivalent level of safety will be provided as set forth in Sections 

J and K of the Manual. The PIC will take all actions including reviewing weather, flight battery 

requirements, landing and takeoff distances, and aircraft performance data before initiation of 

flight. 

14 C.F.R. §91.109: Flight instruction.

Section 91.103 provides that no person may operate a civil aircraft (except a manned free 

balloon) that is being used for flight instruction unless that aircraft has fully functioning dual 

controls. 

sUASs and remotely piloted aircraft, by their design, do not have fully functional dual controls. 

Flight control is accomplished through the use of a control box that communicates with the 

aircraft via radio communications. The FAA has approved exemptions for flight training without 

fully functional dual controls for a number of aircraft and for flight instruction in experimental 

aircraft. See Exemption Nos. 5778K & 9862A. The equivalent level of safety is provided by the 

fact that neither a pilot nor passengers will be carried in the aircraft and by the size and speed of 

the aircraft.

14 C.F.R. § 91.119: Minimum Safe Altitudes 

Section 91.119 establishes safe altitudes for operation of civil aircraft. Specifically, Section 

91.119(c) limits aircraft flying over areas other than congested areas to an altitude of 500 feet 

above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the 

aircraft may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. 
U.S. Department of Transportation

October 7th, 2014

Page 7 of 9

As set forth herein, the rotorcraft will never operate at higher than 400 feet AGL. Because film 

and television applications must be accomplished at relatively low altitudes, i.e., less than 500 

feet AGL, an exemption from Section 91.119(c) is required. 

The equivalent level of safety will be achieved given the size, weight, speed, and material with 

which the rotorcraft is built. Additionally, no flight will commence without the permission of the 

land owner or the party controlling the operating area. With advance notice to the landowner, all 

affected individuals will be aware of film or television production flights. Compared to similar 

operations conducted with conventional aircraft or rotorcraft, which weigh thousands of pounds 

and carry flammable fuel, any risk associated with these operations will be significantly reduced 

from those currently allowed for conventional aircraft operating at or below 500 feet AGL. 

Waivers have been granted to other UAS operators for such operations in Alaska. USI believes 

such operations can be conducted within the CONUS airspace for the same reasons justifying

operations under the existing waiver in Alaska.

14 C.F.R. §91.121 Altimeter Settings 

This regulation requires each person operating an aircraft to maintain cruising altitude by 

reference to an altimeter that is set “...to the elevation of the departure airport or an appropriate 

altimeter setting available before departure.” As the sUAS may not have a barometric altimeter, 

but instead a GPS altitude read out, an exemption may be needed. An equivalent level of safety 

will be achieved by the operator, pursuant to the Manual and Safety Check list, confirming the 

altitude of the launch site shown on the GPS altitude indicator before flight.

14 C.F.R. § 91.151(a): Fuel Requirements for Flight in VFR Conditions 

Section 91.151(a) prohibits an individual from beginning “a flight in an airplane under VFR 

conditions unless (considering wind and forecast weather conditions) there is enough fuel to fly 

to the first point of intended landing and, assuming normal cruising speed – (1) During the day, 

to fly after that for at least 30 minutes; or (2) At night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes.” 14 

C.F.R. § 91.151(a). 

The rotorcraft batteries provide between 10 and 45 minutes of powered flight. Without an 

exemption from 14 C.F.R. § 91.151, the rotorcraft flights would not be possible. Given the 

limitations on its proposed operations and the location of those proposed operations, a longer 

duration for flight in daylight VFR conditions is reasonable. 

USI believes that an exemption from 14 C.F.R. § 91.151(a) is safe and consistent with the 

scope of a prior exemption. See Exemption 10673 (allowing Lockheed Martin Corporation to 

operate without compliance with 91.151(a)). Operating the rotorcraft, a small UAS, without 30 

minutes of reserve fuel does not engender the type of risks that Section 91.151(a) was meant to

prevent. The fact that the rotorcraft carries neither a pilot, passenger, nor cargo enhances the 

reduced risk to overall safety. In the unlikely event that the rotorcraft should run out of battery, it 

would land per its autopilot instructions before the batteries are completely depleted. Given its 

weight and construction material, the risks are significantly less than contemplated by the 

current regulation. 

USI believes that an equivalent level of safety can be achieved by maintaining 25% battery life 

as being the equivalent of minimum fuel, this would be more than adequate to return the UAS to 

its planned landing zone from anywhere in its planned operating area. 
U.S. Department of Transportation

October 7th, 2014

Page 8 of 9

Similar exemptions have been granted to others, including Exemptions 2689F, 5745, 10673, 

and 10808.

14 C.F.R. §91.203 (a) and (b): Carrying Civil Aircraft Certification and Registration 

The regulation provides in pertinent part: 

(a) Except as provided in § 91.715, no person may operate a civil aircraft unless it has 

within it the following: 

(1) An appropriate and current airworthiness certificate. . . . 

(b) No person may operate a civil aircraft unless the airworthiness certificate 

required by paragraph (a) of this section or a special flight authorization issued 

under §91.715 is displayed at the cabin or cockpit entrance so that it is legible to 

passengers or crew. 

The UAS fully loaded weighs no more than 55lbs and is operated without an onboard pilot. As 

such, there is no ability to carry certification and registration documents or to display them on 

the sUAS. 

An equivalent level of safety will be achieved by keeping these documents at the ground control 

point where the pilot flying the sUAS will have immediate access to them, to the extent they are 

applicable to the sUAS. The FAA has issued numerous exemptions to this regulation. A 

representative sample of other exceptions includes Exemption Nos. 9565, 9665, 9789, 9789A, 

9797, 9797A, 9816A, and 10700. 

14 C.F.R. §91.405 (a); 407 (a) (1); 409 (a) (2); 417(a) & (b): Maintenance Inspections 

These regulations require that an aircraft operator or owner “shall have that aircraft inspected as 

prescribed in subpart E of this part and shall between required inspections, except as provided 

in paragraph (c) of this section, have discrepancies repaired as prescribed in part 43 of this 

chapter...,” and others shall inspect or maintain the aircraft in compliance with Part 43. 

Given that these sections and Part 43 apply only to aircraft with an airworthiness certificate, 

these sections will not apply to the applicant. Maintenance will be accomplished by the operator 

pursuant to the flight manual and operating handbook as referenced in the Manual (See 

Sections L and Q). An equivalent level of safety will be achieved because these small UASs are 

very limited in size and will carry a small payload and operate only in restricted areas for limited 

periods of time. If mechanical issues arise the UAS can land immediately as it will be operating 

from no higher than 400 feet AGL. As provided in the Manual, the operator will ensure that the 

UAS is in working order prior to initiating flight, perform required maintenance, and keep a log of 

any maintenance performed.

Federal Register Summary

Pursuant to 14 C.F.R. § 11.81(f), the following summary is provided for publication in the 

Federal Register, should the FAA determine that publication is needed: 

Docket No: FAA-2014-____ 

Petitioner: Unmanned Systems Inc. 
U.S. Department of Transportation

October 7th, 2014

Page 9 of 9

14 C.F.R. §21, subpart H; 14 C.F.R 45.23(b); 14 C.F.R. § 61.113 (a) and (b); 91.7 (a); 91.9 (b) 

(2);91.103(b);91.109; 91.119; 91.121; 91.151(a);91.203(a) and (b); 91.405 (a); 91.407 (a) (1); 91.409 (a) 

(2); 91.409 (a) (2) and 91.417 (a) & (b) to operate commercially a small unmanned vehicle (55lbs or less) 

in motion picture and television operations.

Approval of exemptions allowing commercial operations of sUASs in the film industry will 

enhance safety by reducing risk. Conventional film operations, using jet or piston power aircraft, 

operate at extremely low altitudes in close proximity to people and structures and present the 

risks associated with vehicles that weigh in the neighborhood of 4,000lbs., carrying large 

amounts of jet A or other fuel (140 gallons for jet helicopter) Such aircraft must fly to and from 

the film location. In contrast, a battery powered sUAS weighing fewer than 55 lbs. eliminates 

virtually all of that risk given the reduced mass and lack of combustible fuel carried on board. 

The sUAS is carried to the film set and not flown. The sUAS will carry no passengers or crew 

and, therefore, will not expose them to the risks associated with manned aircraft flights. 

The operation of sUASs, weighting less than 55 lbs., conducted in the strict conditions outlined 

above, will provide an equivalent level of safety supporting the grant of the exemptions 

requested herein, including exempting the applicant from the requirements of Part 21 and 

allowing commercial operations. These lightweight aircraft operate at slow speeds, close to the 

ground, and in a sterile environment and, as a result, are far safer than conventional operations 

conducted with turbine helicopters operating in close proximity to the ground and people. 

Privacy

All flights will occur over private or controlled access property with the property owner’s prior 

consent and knowledge. Filming will be of people who have also consented to being filmed or 

otherwise have agreed to be in the area where filming will take place. 

Satisfaction of the criteria provided in Section 333 of the Reform Act of 2012—size, weight, 

speed, operating capabilities, proximity to airports and populated areas and operation with is 

VLOS and national security. Provided in the above documentation is adequate justification for 

the grant of the requested exemptions allowing commercial operation of applicant’s UAS in the 

motion picture and television industry pursuant to the manual appended hereto.

Sincerely,

Donald G. Bintz

President

Unmanned Systems Inc.