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UNITED

Agriculture Handbook No. 170

Agricu

UNITED STATES DEPARTMÉN

ICI
»«»hington, D. C, August 1959

For aale by the Superintendent of Documents, Ui S. Government Printing Office

P rice 40 cents
GRASS VARIETIES IN THE UNITED STATES

By A, A. Hanson, research agronomist, Crops Research Division,

Agricultural Research Service

This handbook has been prepared as a reference for technical workers interested in the

origin and current status of named and experimental grass varieties in the United States.

Information on source material, previous

names or experimental numbers, characteristics ascribed to varieties by originating stations, and seed supplies has not been previously

available in a readily accessible form.

At least 90 grasses are used to some extent

on most farms in the United States either for

forage or for conservation and soil improvement. In addition, the forage grasses are utilized on some 400 million acres of open grazing

land and woodland ranges that are not on farms.

The grasses provide about 48 percent of the

total livestock feed requirements as pasture

and about 12 percent as hay. Grasses for turf

in lawns, parks, playgrounds, airports, cemeteries, roadsides, golf courses, and other uses

occupy more than 14 nnillion acres and affect

almost the entire population of the country.

Most of our major grasses have been introduced--a process that started with early

pioneer settlements along the borders of what

is now the continental United States. Chance

introductions were followed in time by organized plant explorations sponsored by the

United States Department of Agriculture

(USDA), as well as by the direct exchange of

seed and plant material between American and

foreign research workers. It would be impracticable to attempt to list all the organizations and individuals who have participated

in bringing promising new grasses and grass

varieties to the United States. However, one

would be remiss, indeed, if he failed to acknowledge the exploration work conducted

by the former Division of Plant Exploration

and Introduction, USDA. In addition, special

mention should be made of the early and

effective introduction programs conducted by

several State agricultural experiment stations,

particularly those in California, Florida, and

Texas.

Certain individuals, because of their professional stature and personal contacts, did

much to bring new grasses to the United

States and to encourage their evaluation.

Leaders in this field include C. V. Piper,

H. N. Vinall, G. E. Ritchey, andH. L. Westover

of the former Bureau of Plant Industry, and

C. R. Enlow and F. J. Crider of the former

Nursery Division of the Soil Conservation

Service, USDA.

The amount of effort devoted to improving

any one grass species is very limited in

comparison with that applied to most cultivated

crops. In addition, many early attempts to

select superior grass varieties fell short of

expectation, partly because of the lack of

specific information on the species in question,

including mode of reproduction, breeding behavior, physiological response under various

systems of management, animal acceptance,

nutritive value, and the relative significance

of disease and insect attack. Applied grassbreeding work is advancing with the accumulated basic information in cytology, genetics,

pathology, and physiology, but much remains

to be done. Many of the grass-breeding procedures and techniques summarized by Hanson

and Carnahan^ cannot be properly evaluated

on the basis of existing data. However, it is

certain that the accumulation of basic information and additional introduction work will

continue to be important considerations in

providing American farmers, ranchers, and

homeowners with new and better grass

varieties.

An attempt has been made in this handbook

to limit entries to those varieties and experimental strains that have been distributed

rather widely for testing purposes. Exceptions

have been included where a particular name

or nunnber might have appeared in the literature and questions could be raised as to

origin or status; for example, Michigan B-2

smooth brome. In addition, brief descriptions

have been included of several foreign varieties

that have been distributed through the regional

testing program of the Grass and Turf Section, USDA.

Since introductions are often grown at more

than one experiment station, it is frequently

difficult to assign credit to any one individual

or group. Insofar as possible an attempt has

been made to recognize those individuals and

agencies that have taken the initiative in increasing and distributing specific

strains.

No attempt has been made to appraise the

relative merits of the grass varieties included

in this handbook. Several of the varieties are

obsolete, and others have failed to exhibit

any particular promise in comparative tests.

Breeder seed has been defined by seed certification agencies and is a term used by plant

breeders in various ways, but for the purpose

of this handbook it serves only to indicate the

source of stock seed.

Some varieties have not been included in

seed certification programs, and where this

is true an attempt has been made to indicate

whether or not noncertified seed is being produced. The most effective system for maintaining the characteristics of a grass variety

1 Hanson, A. A., and Carnahan. H. L. Breeding Perennial Forage

Grasses. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bui. 1145, 116 pp. 1966.
in commercial seed production is seed certification. Many grass varieties should be

certified on a limited generation basis. The

practice of continuing varieties by recertifying

certified seed indefinitely can lead to serious

changes in type. The originating or sponsoring

station and the certifying agency must assume

the responsibility of developing production

practices and adequate control measures for

the maintenance of a given variety.

Grateful acknowledgment is made for the

cooperation of the grass specialists associated

with State agricultural experiment stations, the

Agricultural Research Service (ARS), and the

Soil Conservation Service (SCS) in submitting

material for this handbook.

Agropyron cristatum (Lo) Gaertn., crested wheatgrass

(suggested common name, fairway wheatgrass)

A-1770

Increased at SCS Nursery, Albuquerque,

N. Mex.--C. G. Marshall and J. A. Downs.

Source.--Collected on dry, gravelly soil near

Ankara, Turkey, by Westover-Enlow expedition

in 1934. Introduced as P. I. 109012.

Description.--Rhizomatous strain that might

be regarded as another species. Plants and

spikes smaller than those of typical fairway

wheatgrass. Plants 20-40 cm. high, spikelets

scarcely 0.5 mm. (approximately). Rhizomes

freely developed, though plants appear densely

tufted.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Not available. (Old seed in

storage.)

NEBRASKA 3576

Selected at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, ARS and SCS cooperating--L. C. Newell.

Source.--Commercial lots and experiment

station accessions of fairway wheatgrass collected in 1936-38.

Method oí Breeding.--Selection of spaceplanted clones carried on through three successive generations. Seed from superior plants

composited and increased.

Description.--Early-maturing cool-season

grass. Very leafy and productive of both

forage and seed. In comparative tests at Lincoln it produced forage yields equal to those

of Nordan. No evaluation made as to its value

as pasture. Sod production indicates its possible utilization for turf purposes.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station.

TURKISH

Increased at United States Southern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla.,

and Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station,

Stillwater--J. R, Harlan and W. R. Kneebone.

Source.--Four source selections (P. I.

172690, 172691, 172694, and 180794) collected

in Turkey by J. R. Harlan in 1948.

Method of Breeding.--Seed collected from

planting made in 1950 at Woodward, seeded

in separate rows at El Reno, Okla., in fall of

1952. Although rows kept separate, considerable number of volunteer plants appear each

year and original identity of several strains

probably lost. Seed from these four sources

bulked for further increase.

Description.--As a whole very leafy and

looked good under irrigation. Dryland seedings to date disappointing in Oklahoma, and

strain may not be adapted so far south.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program as Turkish fairway wheatgrass, and

tested under name **Cresturk."

Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn., thickspike wheatgrass

P-1822

Selected at Plant Materials Center,

Pullman, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman.

Source.--Native vegetation east of

Dalles, Oreg.

Method of Breeding.--Selected by elimination of aberrant plants during several generations. Bulked selections increased under

isolation.

SCS,

The

Description.--Vigorous, blue, leafy, rapidspreading, productive strain. Foliage and

culms glaucous, with only partial pubescence

on lemmas. Seed production fair to good,

produces some sterile florets, shows some

resistance to leaf and stem rust. Well adapted

to conservation use on light-textured soils

in wind-erosion areas. (2n = 28.)

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Pl;^nf Materials Center.

SCS, Pullman.
Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult., standard crested wheatgrass

(suggested common name, crested wheatgrass)

MANDAN 2194B

Selected at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Mandan, N. Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Source.--Two-clone synthetic. One clone selected from old nursery at Dickinson, N. Dak.,

other clone early large-seeded selection made

by J. T. Sarvis.

Method of BreedinR.--Each clone selected

on basis oí polycross progeny performance.

Description.--Uniform, tall, erect plants;

compact heads with large awnless seed; high

seed producer.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed. - - United State s Northern Great

Plains Field Station.

MANDAN 23 59

Selected at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Mandan, N. Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Source.--Synthetic of three early clones

selected by J. T. Sarvis.

Method of Breeding.--Parental clones selected on basis of polycross progeny tests.

Description.--Uniform, tall, erect plants;

compact heads with large awnless seed; good

seed producer.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station.

NEBRASKA 10

Increased at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, SCS and ARS cooperating--E. C. Conard.

Source.--Accession obtained by SCS from

unknown commercial source and assigned

number Nebraska 1007.

Method of Breeding.--Repeated plantings of

Nebraska 1007 proved this lot to have superior

seedling vigor and stand establishment as

compared with those of other seed lots. Seed

later increased by SCSnurseries and Nebraska

Agricultural Experiment Station as Nebraska

10.

Description.--Vigorous, productive, earlymaturing strain of crested wheatgrass, exhibiting various spike types predominantly

of standard type. In comparative tests of

forage yield, strain widely adapted and compared favorably in yield with leading standard

strains. Believed to be of considerable potential value for selection because of its

diverse plant types.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

NORDAN

Selected at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Mandan, N. Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Sour ce.--Developed from selection made in

old nursery at Dickinson, N. Dak., in 1937.

Method of Breeding.--Single plant selections

made under open pollinationfor 2 gene rations--

7 plants within open-pollinated progeny bulked

for increase and tested as Mandan 571.

Description.--More uniform and erect than

commercial, seed more awnless and larger in

size, heads more dense and compressed, good

seedling vigor and seed quality. Forage yield

as good as or better than commercial.

Released.--1953, cooperatively by North

Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and

Crops Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--UnitedStates Northern Great

Plains Field Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

SOUTH DAKOTA 15

Selected at South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Brookings--James G. Ross.

Source. - -Original selections from adapted

materials collected from old fields in South

Dakota.

Method of Breeding.--Sibbing within outstanding open-pollinated progeny carried out.

From these progenies, individuals selected

on basis of greenhouse root rot tests. From

polycross progeny tests, selections on basis

of forage and seed-production evaluations

made. This strain produced from synthetic

of three of these selected genotypes.

Description.--Upright and very leafy. Has

awnless spikelets withlonger rachis inte mode s

than common A. desertorunm.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--South Dakota Agricultural

Experiment Station.

SUMMIT

Selected at Dominion Forage Crops Laboratory, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada--

R. P. Knowles.

Source.--Introduction from Western Siberian Experiment Station, Omsk, U. S. S. R.;

received in 1957.

Description.--Fairly similar to standard

crested wheatgrass strains grown in United

States. No attempt made to alter strain through

selection, but one generation of increase was
by single plants to rogue out impurities, particularly fairway-type plants. Tested as S-13 1.

Released.--Canada Department of Agriculture.

Breeder Seed.--Forage Crops Laboratory,

Saskatoon.

Certified Seed. --Available .

UTAH 42-1

Selected at Utah Agricultural Experiment

Station, Logan, ARS c o o p e r a t i ng--W.

Keller.

Source and Method of Breeding.--Strain

originated from 30 plants selected in 1948

from old field in hills between Cache and

Box Elder Counties in northern Utah. These

plants were tall, leafy, and dark green. After

their transfer to Forage Experiment Farm,

Logan, 9 plants discarded and remaining 21

cloned into 20 pieces and allowed to interpollinate to produce breeder seed of this

strain.

Description.--Tall, erect, with considerable

variation in respect to spike characteristics.

Good forage yield but relatively low seed

yield.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program. Original clones discarded and no

longer maintained. Limited amount of seed

in storage.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv., tall wheatgrass

A-1876

Increased at SCS Nursery, Albuquerque,

N. Mex., as A-1876; and at Utah Agricultural

Experiment Station, Logan, ARS cooperating,

as P. I. 109452.

Source.--P. I. 109452. Collected by Westover-Enlow expedition at Bandirma, Turkey.

Introduced as Agropyron intermedium (Host)

Beauv.

Method of Breeding.--Bulk increase.

Description.--Tall perennial bunchgrass

widely used in reclaiming saline soils. Good

seed producer. Forage yields higher than those

of any other accession tested at Albuquerque.

Released.--1937. cooperatively by New

Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and

Nursery Division, SCS. Included in regional

testing program as Utah 109452.

Breeder Seed.--SCS-New Mexico Cooperative Nursery, Los Lunas.

Certified Seed. - -Not available. (Probably

certified as tall wheatgrass anly.)

ALKAR

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman.

Source. - -Selection from P. I. 98526; introduced from U. S. S. R. in 1932.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection from

spaced plants of above introduction. Tested

as P-2326.

Description.--Tall, very late maturing,

stemmy, bunch-type wheatgrass. Coarse bluegreen leaves, large seeded, good seedling

vigor. Very tolerant to wet alkaline conditions

and semiarid regions of West at 4,500- to

6,000-foot elevation. Fairly palatable and

highly productive on subirrigated and irrigated saline and alkali land. Used to reclaim

nonproductive saline and alkali lands.

Released.--1951, under accession P-2326

for certified seed production in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. Named Alkar in 1958 and

accepted for certification in these States and

California.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Certified Seed. - - Available.

NEBRASKA 98526

Increased at SCS nurseries in cooperation

with Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln. Tested as Nebraska 1978.

Source.--P. I. 98526 originally grown at

Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station,

Fort Collins, and later distributed to nurseries in Dakotas and Nebraska (1936) by SCS.

P. I. 98526 originally introduced into United

States from U. S. S. R. in 1932. Seed presented by N. I. Vavilov.

Method of Breeding.--Direct increase of

P. I. 98526 without selection.

Description.--Erect, tall, somewhat coarse

bunchgrass, with deeply veined, bluish-green

leaves and coarse stems. Particularly well

adapted to low, wet, or alkaline soil conditions,

where it produces good yields. Also does very

well in dry, upland plantings, where it appears

moderately drought resistant. P. L 98526 relatively leafy type, somewhat less aggressive

and coarse than Turkish introductions with

which it has been compared.

Released.--First grown on Nebraska farms

for seed production under field certification

by Nebraska Crop Improvement Association

on recommendation of Nebraska Agricultural

Experiment Station, SCS, and ARS.

Certified Seed,--Available. Certified as Nebraska 98526.
Agroßjrron inerme (Scribn. and Smith) Rydb., beardless wheatgrass

WHIT MAR

Selected at Plant Materials Center SCS

Pullman. Wash.-J. L. Schwendiman ' '

Sourçe.-.Collected from native Palouse

prairie grassland climax near Colton. Whitman County. Wash., by L. A. Mullen in area

of 20 inches of annual precipitation at elevation of 2.800 feet on Palouse silt-loam

soil.

Method of Breedinf..--r^... observed as

outstanding accession. P-3537. in observational tests among more than 500 beardless

and bluebunch wheatgrass collections, which

represented 6 ecotypes. from Pacific Northwest. Developed by selection from spaceplanted nursery.

dr^^^¿¡;,^°"^-^r'^. native, perennial,

tvoe with moH . ^""^hgrass. Intermediate

erect meî^^^*"^^ abundant, erect to semisoft larf,TK'°Y'" ''^""^ and abundant,

awniels but ^'f ^"^ '^"''"^ ^^^^««- ^eeds

producti'on t K"^^^^^'' e°od- Seed and forage

aid r.V.T ^^f• Good spring and fall recovery

Tnfo /umrr.U^Tir ^"' '^'''^'''''' ^"^

Released.--1946. by Washington. Idaho and

?CS'PW^M?'^"?V^''P-^--^ Stations: aid

fid PulTria^"'^""^^ '^^"'"^' ^'^-'^-". Idaho.

Sclfl^íí^l^-^^-* Materials Center.

^^ilÎMiÊâJeed. --Available.

Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv

A-12496

Increased at SCS Nursery, Albuquerque

N. Mex.--C. G. Marshall and J. A. Downs!

and at Utah Agricultural Experiment Station,'

Logan, ARS cooperating--W. Keller.

Source.--P. I. 98568, Maikop, U. S. S„ R.--

increased at Utah Agricultural Experiment

Station.

Description.--Variable, but not so mixed

as many introductions. Good vigor and development at Albuquerque and Logan. Produced in quantity at former SCS Nursery,

Albuquerque.

Released.--No. Seed distributed to SCS

cooperators. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--SCS-New Mexico Cooperative Nursery, Los Lunas.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

AMUR

Selected at SCS Nursery, Albuquerque, N.

Mex.--J. A. Downs.

Source.--P. I. 131532, Manchuria, China.

Received as Agropyron amurense Drob. from

SCS Nursery, Pullman, Wash., P-9838. Identified by J. R. Swallen as A. intermedium.

Tested as A-13046.

Method of Breeding.--Awned-type plants

rogued from original material. Bulk increased.

Description.--Uniform gray green. Stronger

seedling vigor than that of other intermediate

wheatgrasses. Heavy seed producer and does

not get sod bound or fall off in seed production as rapidly as commercial.

Released.--1952. cooperatively by New

Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and

SCS Nursery, Albuquerque.

Breeder Seed.--SCS-New Mexico Cooperative Nursery, Los Lunas, and Plant Materials

Center, SCS, Pullman.'

intermediate wheatgrass

Certified _Seed.--Available. (Certified

Colorado and Nebraska.) in

GREENAR

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.-.J. L. Schwendiman.

S2^I£e.--Developed from selection made

in 1937 from P, L 98568, which was intron c c ^ ^^^'^^"-Enlow expedition from

U. S. S. R. in 1932.

Method of Breeding.--Qppn-p..n^^of^^ selections made irom planting one generation

after introduction. Aberrant plants removed

m following generation. Selections bulked and

increased for field testing as P-2327:

Description.--Vigorous, mild sod-forming

late-maturing, leafy, dark-green, broad-'

leaved, high-producing wheatgrass. Plants

variable, but over 90 percent green in color.

Less than 5 percent of plants show trace of

pubescence. Spring recovery early and abundant; fall recovery good; plants disease resistant, very productive, and aggressive.

Widely adapted for conservation plantings on

well-drained soils in dryland and irrigated

areas. Suitable for both hay and pasture

seedings made alone or with alfalfa.

Released.--1945, as P-2327, cooperatively

by Washington, Idaho, and Oregon Agricultural

Experiment Stations and SCS Plant Materials

Centers, Aberdeen, Idaho, and Pullman. Named

Greenar in 1956.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

IDAHO 3

Selected at Idaho Agricultural Experinnent

Station, M0SC0W--C. L. Canode.

Source.--Selections from Greenar (P-2327).

Description.--Seven-clone synthetic comprised of plants that are predominately green.
Plants selected for less vigor of rhizome

spread, increased seed yield, awnlessness,

and freedom from pubescence on lemmas.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station.

IDAHO 4

Selected at Idaho Agricultural Experiment

Station, Moscow--C. Lo Canode.

Source. - -Selections from Greenar (P-2327)o

Description.--Nine-clone synthetic. Plants

selected for color, leafiness, mild sod-forming characteristic, and increased seed yield.

Lemmas mostly free of pubescence and practically awnless.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station.

IOWA M2-10820

Selected at SCS Nursery, Ames, lowa--

M. E. Heath and A. I. Alcott.

Source.--Original seed from SCS Nursery,

Lincoln, Nebr., (Nebraska-2961) in 1941 and

traces back to introduction P. I. 98568.

Method of Breeding.--Seed saved from several glaucous bluish-green plants in 1943,

planted, and first increase harvested in 1945.

Subsequently several additional generations

of seed increase made by SCS Nurseries at

Ames and Ankeny, Iowa, until 1953.

Description.--Consists mostly of glaucous

bluish-green plants. Slightly earlier but otherwise similar in most respects to Nebraska 50,

Ree, and other strains originating from P. I.

98568. Apparently has no distinctly superior

forage or seed traits to recommend it.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--No longer available. Small

increases made by SCS from 1945 to 1953.

MANDAN 1274

Increased at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS; and SCS Nursery,

Mandan, N. Dak.

Source.--Po lo 98568 introduced from

U. S. S. R. in 1932. This particular source

traces to seed collected by Wayne Austin at

Fort Collins, Colo., in 1937.

Method of Breeding.--No breeding background; traces to same parental material as

Ree.

Description.--Type s inter grading into pubescent wheatgrass, green and blue-green

plants, highly variable.

Released.--No official release, but grown

throughout northern Great Plains.

Breeder Seed. - -None.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

NEBRASKA 50

Selected at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, ARS cooperating--L. C.

Newell.

Source.--Selection from increase of P. I.

98568, originally grown at Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, Fort Collins,

and later distributed to nurseries in Dakotas

and Nebraska. Original introduction from

Maikop, U, S. S. R., in 1932.

Method of Breeding.--Selection of Nebraska

50 carried through three generations, 1941-46,

directed toward glaucous blue-green type, with

elimination of light-green plants and plants

with pubescent lemmas. Seed of selected

progenies with desired characteristics bulked

in third generation.

Description.--Nebraska 50 maintains exceíTeñt seed quality and seedling vigor of

common intermediate wheatgrass derivedfrom

P. I. 98586, combined with greater uniformity

of glaucous blue-green plant type. This type

appears better adapted in tests in southern

range of adaptation of grass than do lightgreen selections. Forage and seed yields of

Nebraska 50 compare favorably in most tests

with those of other strains.

Released.--1950, cooperatively by Nebraska

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

REE

Increased at South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Brookings--C, J. Franzke.

Source.--Introduced as Agropyron pungens

(Pers.) Roem. and Schult, by former Bureau

of Plant Industry, USDA, fronn Leningrad,

U. S. S. R., in April 1932. Originated in Maikop

region of U. S. S. R. at elevation of 600 feet.

Originally this introduction, P. I. 98568, distributed by USDA to Dickinson and Mandan,

N. Dak., in 1932; and to Fort Collins, Colo.,

Pullman, Wash., Cheyenne, Wyo., and Bozeman, Mont., in 1935. Seed harvested from

Fort Collins planting brought to South Dakota

Agricultural Experiment Station in fall of

1937 by Wayne Austin of SCS as A. pungens.

Planted in early fall of 1937 in observational

plot at South Dakota Agricultural Experiment

Station with several other known Agropyron

species. Discovered that this strain exhibited

certain outstanding plant differences from

known strains of A. pungens and A, intermedium. Material of strain collected in July

1941 classified by J. R. Swallen as derived

from cross of A. intermedium and Agropyron

trichophorum (Link) Rieht.
èigjhod of Breeding,

it selection from ori

—g- -Strain released with-

^^^ selection from original material grown at

South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station

Description.--Plants vary from light green

to dark green and many covered with whitish

bloom. Erect, 30-48 inches tall. Stems as

compared with those of smooth brome, medium fine to large, coarse, and leafy. Produce

abundant basal leaves. Leaf blades longer and

broader than leaves of smooth brome. Seed

head or spike erect to slightly nodding, lax,

and 6-14 inches long. Lemmas of some plants

have pronounced awns; those of others are

awnless or practically so. Sometimes pubescent. Seedlings have characteristic reddish

anthocyanin color, which disappears when

they become 3 or 4 weeks old. Strong and

large, resembling newly emerged winter rye

seedlings. Yields of this grass in South Dakota

better than or equal to those of best strains

of smooth brome.

Released.--1945, by South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--South Dakota Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

SOUTH DAKOTA 20

Selected at South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Brookings--James G. Ross.

Conree.--Selected from Russian introduction

^. I. 98568 erroneously named A. pungens

obtained from Fort Collins, Col¿7, in 1937.

Identified by J. R. Swallen as being derived

from cross of A^. intermedium and A. trichophorum and released as Ree by South Dakota

Agricultural Experiment Station in 1945.

Method of Breedin|g.--Out of nursery of

self- and open-pollinated progenies, high seedsetting plants selected. On basis of diallelcrossing system best parents from standpoint

of forage and seed yield selected. After 2

further polycross cycles, 4 genotypes selected

to make synthetic South Dakota 20.

Description.--Considerably higher seed production than Ree wheatgrass and somewhat

higher yielding. Uniform for blue-green plant

color.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--South Dakota Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Agropyron riparium Scribn. and Smith, streambank wheatgrass

SODAR

Selected at SCS Plant Materials Centers,

Aberdeen, Idaho, and Pullman, Wash.--R. H.

Stark and J. L. Schwendiman.

Source.--Collected near Canyon City, Grant

County, Oreg., by R. G. Johnson in area of

12-inch annual rainfall at elevation of 3,000

feet.

Method of Breeding.--Best of 11 accessions.

Improved by mass selection and elimination

of aberrants during several generations at

Plant Materials Center, SCS, Aberdeen. Tested

as P-2415.

Description.--Dr ought-resistant, rhizomatous grass, particularly adapted for erosion

control. Excellent seedling vigor; narrow,

tough leaves. Produces open sod highly competitive to weeds and other plants under dryland conditions and offers excellent protection

against soil erosion. Used primarily on roadsides, airports, and irrigation canal banks.

Released.--1954. cooperatively by Idaho and

Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations,

and SCS Plant Materials Centers, Aberdeen

and Pullman.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Aberdeen.

Certified Seed.--Available.

Agropyron sibiricum (Willd.) Beauv,, Siberian wheatgrass

P-27

Selected at SCS Plant Materials Centers,

Pullman, Wash., and Aberdeen, Idaho--J. L.

Schwendimian and R. H. Stark.

Source.- -Original collection in 1934 from

Kasakstán, U. S. S. R.; obtained from Institute

of Plant Industry, Leningrad, U. S. S. R., by

Westover-Enlow expedition. P. I. 108434.

Method of Breeding.--Included in row nurseries and field-evaluation studies since 1935.

Individual clones selected in 1949 by R. H.

Stark are basis of present increase.

Description.--Similar to standard crested

wheatgrass, A. desertorum, in adaptation and

season of use, but differs in several important

respects. Narrow, awnless heads; fine, leafy

stems. Drought resistant, good seedling vigor,

good seedyields. Well adapted to light, droughty

soils.

Released.--1953, cooperatively by Idaho

Agricultural Experiment Station and SCS Plant

Materials Centers, Aberdeen and Pullman.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Aberdeen.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.
Agropyron smithii Rydb., western wheatgrass

MANDAN 456

Selected at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Mandan, N. Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Source.--Field collection made at Mandan

in 1939.

Method of Breeding.--Bulked seed of 13

clones originating within progeny of single

selection from above source. Thirteen clones

selected for density of growth, leafiness,

softness of leaves, and rust resistance.

Description.--Vigorous, leafy, rust resistant.

Released.--No. Increased in 1941.

Breeder Seed.--United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station.

SAND STRAIN

Increased at United States Southern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla.--

D. A. Savage.

Source.--Clones collected by D. Ao Savage

from deep sands on Range Unit near Fort

Supply, Okla., in 1940.

Released.--No. Distributed for testing under

name "Sand Strain." Not impressive in most

tests.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. and Smith, bluebunch wheatgrass

P-739

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman.

Sour ce.--Collected in 1934 on Mallery Ridge

at elevation of 3,175-4,792 feet, Umatilla National Forest, Asotin County, Wash.

Method of Breeding.--First observed as

promising accession in Pullman nursery, which

contained more than 500 Pacific Northwest

beardless and bluebunch wheatgrass collections, representing 6 ecotypes. Developed by

mass selection from spaced plantings.

Description.--Long-lived native perennial,

drought resistant; spreads slowly from short

rhizomes. Leaves abundant, erect to sennierect, soft, lax, flat, and primarily basal.

Stems moderately abundant, erect to semierect, and medium coarse. Seeds large, heavy,

and awned; must be processed to permit satisfactory seeding. Best adapted at higher elevations where available moisture exceeds 8

inches, good spring and fall recovery, retains

feed value and palatability late into summer

and fall. (2n = 28.)

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Aberdeen, Idaho.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte, slender wheatgrass

PRIMAR

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--A, L. Hafenrichter, J. L.

Schwendiman, and A. G. Law.

Source.--Collected near Beebe, Mont., in

1933 by Forest Service, USDA.

Method of Breeding.--Selectedfrom original

collection, assigned accession number P-2535,

and tested with 104 other accessions.

Description.--V i g o r o u s, early-growing,

semierect, Tong-lived, slender wheatgrass.

Usually 10 days earlier in seed maturity and

5-10 inches taller than late commercial

strains. Leaves and stems moderately coarse

and glaucous gray green. Plants high in vegetative production; resistant to leaf rust, stem

rust, and stripe rust; superior to common

slender wheatgrass in resistance to head

smut. Seed production moderately heavy; seeds

relatively large when compared with those of

ordinary strains. Adapted for use in sweetclover-grass conservation mixtures for pasture, hay, and green manure. Alkali tolerant;

adapted to short-lived dryland seedings in

areas with minimum of 14 inches of rainfall.

Released.--1946, cooperatively by Washington, Idaho, and Oregon Agricultural Experiment Stations; Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman; and Crops Research Division,

ARS»

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.
Agropyron trachycaulum

X AGROHORDEUM

Selected at Utah Agricultural Experiment

Station, Logan--W. S. Boyle.

Source.--Hybrid between A, trachycaulum

and H. jubatum.

Method of Breeding. - -Cole hie ine -induced

allopolyploid from sterile, tetraploid hybrid

m X Hordeum jubatum L.

between A. trachycaulum and H. jubatum.

Selected for increased fertility.

Description.--Tall, reasonably fertile hybrid. Information lacking on adaptation.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder

ment Station.

Seed.--Utah Agricultural ExperiAgropyron trichophorum (Link) Rieht., pubescent wheatgrass

A-1488

Increased at SCS Nursery, Albuquerque,

N. Mex.

Source.--P. I. 107328 introduced from Tashkent, Turkestan, U. S. S. R., by WestoverEnlow expedition in 1934.

Method of Breeding.--Bulk production of

outstanding accession m comparison rows.

Description.--Fairly uniform gray-green

type. Good seed and forage producer. Gives

good production and ground cover when planted

on appropriate sites. Used as standard strain

in range reseeding plots near Albuquerque.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--SCS-New Mexico Cooperative Nursery, Los Lunas.

MANDAN 759

Selected at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Mandan, N, Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Source.--Increase of P. I. 116252 from

Uc S. S. R. in 1936. Seed presented by N. I.

Vavilov.

Method of Breeding.--Progeny tests of original introduction.

Description.--Higher forage and seedyields

and greater persistence than other varieties

of pubescent wheatgrass in tests at Mandan.

Rapid spreader under favorable conditions.

Some plants intergrade taxonomically into

A, intermedium, but variety as whole forms

more open sod than intermediate wheatgrass.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

TOPAR

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman and

Donald S. Douglas.

Source.--P. I. 107330 introducedfrom Tashkent, Turkestan, U. S» S» R., by WestoverEnlow expedition in 1934.

Method of Breeding.--Developed by selectsOTr7rönrTpäcea~"pränting. Selections bulked

and increased under isolation. All testing

prior to 1953 was as accession P-41.

Description.--Vigorous-growing, late-maturing, sod-forming, drought-resistant wheatgrass. Resembles and closely related to intermediate wheatgrass, but pubescent on leaves,

stems, and lemmas. Forms sod more rapidly

and adapted to lower fertility, higher elevations, and more alkaline sites than intermediate wheatgrass. Seedling vigor very good.

Seed production moderate and seed does not

shatter easily. Adapted to shallow soils and

low fertility sites in 10- to 14-inch rainfall

areas of West.

Released.--1953, cooperatively by Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California Agricultural

Experiment Stations and SCS Plant Materials

Centers, Aberdeen, Idaho, Pleasanton, Calif.,

and Pullman.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

UTAH 109

Selected at Utah Agricultural Experiment

Station, Logan, ARS cooperating--W. Keller.

Source.--Seed obtained from Intermountain

Forest and Range Experiment Station and from

old seed-increase nursery on Experimental

Farnn, Logan.

Description.--Increased on basis of performance in 6-year test. Replicated-plot test

included 47 strains of wheatgrass and bromegrass. Highly variable in many characters;

blue-green pubescent, green pubescent, and

blue-green glabrous plants.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Utah Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available.
Agrostis canina L., velvet bentgrass

Several strains appeared from time to time,

but to date none have been used very widely,

owing in part perhaps to availability of planting stock or seed of other bentgrasses. Acme,

Piper, Kernwood, and Raritan represent some

varieties selected out of velvet bentgrass.

KERNWOOD

Selected at Kernwood Country Club, Salem,

Mass.

Description.--Becomes green very early

in season and continues green well into winter

in rather mild climate of Rhode Island. Medium to dark green.

Released.--Not officially.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (No information on commercial sources.)

RARITAN

Selected at New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers--Howard B. Sprague.

Source.--AH commercial strains andnamed

varieties available in 1930.

Method of Breeding.--Continuous selection

in successive generations of what appeared

to be outstanding individual plants. With each

successive generation, outcrossing limited

to families selected from previous generation.

Relatively uniform and vigorous families combined to make synthetic variety.

Description.--Plants selected for seedling

vigor, good seed yield, apparent freedom from

disease, vigor of mature plants, and turf

quality. Parallel testing of turf plots produced fromi seed of selected plants accompanied later stages of selection. Vigorous

variety producing fine-quality turf. Displays

excellent adaptation to climatic conditions

prevailing in New Jersey.

Released.--1940, by New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (At least one

commercial seed field in existence.)

Agrostis palustris Huds., creeping bentgrass

Two types commercially available. One

represents group of individual strains selected

from established greens of South German

mixed bentgrass; all these strains must be

propagated vegetatively. Second type includes

Penncross and Seaside strains grown from

seed.

ARLINGTON

Selected at Arlington, Va., by United States

Golf Association Green Section, ARS cooperating--John Monteith, Jr.

Sour ce.--Collected in 1928 from practice

green at Country Club of Atlantic City, Northfield, N. J.

Method of Breeding.--Increased vegetatively

for testing as C-1.

Description.--Tough, sturdy, rather slow

growing, bluish green. Responds to careful

management. Requires high level of soil fertility, minimum irrigation, and close mowing

to reduce swirl. Sonaewhat resistant to dollar

spot and melting-out (Helminthosporium-Curvularia complex) and susceptible to brown

patch. Grows well in hot weather. Not generally recommended for use in pure stands,

but combines well with Congressional if not

subjected to overwatering.

Released.--Distributed in golf-turf industry.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

Certified Stock.--Not available. (Available

commercially.)

COHANSEY

Selected by E. R. Steiniger in 1935.

Source.--Fourth green at Pine Valley Golf

Club, Clementon, N. J.

Method of Breeding.--Increased vegetatively

for testing as C-7.

Description.--Vigorous, aggressive, yellowish green. Tolerates frequent watering and

exhibits wide adaptation to climatic conditions.

Performed very satisfactorily in warm areas.

Exhibited some tolerance to brown patch and

melting-out, but susceptible to dollar spot.

Released.--Distributed in golf-turf industry.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

Certified Stock.--Not available. (Available

commercially.)

COLLINS

Selected at Arlington, Va., by United States

Golf Association Green Section, ARS cooperating--John Monteith, Jr.

Source.--Collected in 1937 from eighth

green at Washington Golf and Country Club,

Rosslyn, Va.

Method of Breeding.--Increased vegetatively

for testing as C-27.

Description.--Dark green, rather nonaggressive. Somewhat comparable to Seaside

in susceptibility to disease, except possibly

better rating for brown patch tolerance.

Released.--Distributed in golf-turf industry.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

Certified Stock.--Not available. (Available

commercially in limited quantity.)

CONGRESSIONAL

Selected by R, P. Hines, Jr., in 1936.

Source.--Thirteenth green at Congressional

Country Club, Rockville, Md.

10
Method oí Breeding.--Increased vegetatively

for testing as C-19.

Description.--Attractive dark green and

good texture. Hardy variety; starts growth

early in spring and retains color well into

fall and winter. Susceptible to brown patch.

Good variety either alone or in combination

with Arlington (C-1) and/or Collins (C-27).

Released.--Distributed in golf-turf industry.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

Certified Stock.--Not available. (Available

commercially.)

DAHLGREN

Selected at Belts ville, Md., by United States

Golf Association Green Section, ARS cooperating--Fred V. Grau.

Source.--Collected in 1946 at Naval Proving

Grounds, Dahlgren, Va.

Method of Breeding.--Increased vegetatively

for testing as C-115.

Description.--Coarse, disease resistant, not

suited for putting-green turf. May be satisfactory for heavily used tee areas and parklawn turf receiving low level of maintenance.

Released.--No.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

Certified Stock.--Not available.

METROPOLITAN

Selected at Arlington Farms, Va., by United

States Golf Association Green Section, ARS

cooperating.

Source.--Material sent to USDA in 1917

for identification purposes by New York City

seed firm.

Method of Breeding. - -Increased vegetatively

for testing as C-51.

Description.--Difficult to manage, turf tends

to become fluffy and grainy. Very susceptible

to melting-out.

Released.--Distributed in golf-turf industry.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

Certified Stock.--Not available. (Practically

no Metropolitan bentgrass available commercially.)

NORBECK

Selected at Arlington, Va., by United States

Golf Association Green Section, ARS cooperating--John Monteith, Jr.

Source.--Collected in 1937 from fourth green

at Manor Club, Norbeck, Md.

Method of Breeding.--Increased vegetatively

for testing as C-i6.

Released.--Not officially. (Planting stock no

longer available.)

OLD ORCHARD

Selected in spring of 1934. Source.-.OldOrchardGrass Nursery, Madison, Wis.

Method of Breeding.--Increased vegetatively

as C-52.

Description.--Good color and texture. Some

resistance to dollar spot. Some tendency to

thin out during hot weather. Adapted to parts

of Midwestern United States, where used

rather widely.

Re le as ed.--Distributed in golf-turf industry.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

Certified Stock. - -Not available. (Available

commercially.)

PENNCROSS

Selected at Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station, University Park--H. B.

Masser.

Source.--Parent strains for seed production

identified under station accession numbers

10(37)4 (Pennlu creeping bentgrass), 9(38)5,

and 11(38)4.

Method of Breeding.--First-generation seed

produced by random crossing of three vegetatively propagated clones of creeping bentgrass.

Description.--Turf-quality records obtained

over 5-year period at Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station show Penncross

significantly better in density, tolerance to

disease, and rate of recovery from attacks

than other commercially available seeded

types. Because of general vigor shows exceptional ability to produce better turf than

other seeded bentgrasses under adverse conditions. Recommended for golf-course putting

greens and similar intensive turfgrass areas.

Released.--1954, by Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Stock.--Parent clones maintained

by Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment

Station.

Certified Seed. - - Available.

PENNLU

Selected at Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station, University Park--H. B.

Musser.

Source.--First observed at LuLu Temple

Golf Course, Philadelphia, Pa., by Edward

Roberts and Walter Groff. Sent to Pennsylvania

Agricultural Experiment Station for evaluation

by C. K. Hallowell. Tested under accession

number 10(37)4.

Description.--Consistently good performance, chiefly'owing to high disease tolerance,

good vigor, density, texture, and ability to

withstand wide temperature range. Recommended for use on golf-course greens and

similar specialized turf. . . • i

Released.--1954, by Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station. . ^ ^. ^^i

Breeder Stock.--Pennsylvania Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Certified Stock.--Available.

11
SEASIDE

Description.--Established from seed. Quality poorer than that of most selected varieties

of creeping bentgrass. Below average in disease resistance. Develops patches of individual strains that exhibit almost endless

variation in texture, color, graininess, and

disease susceptibility.

Released.--Not officially.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

TORONTO

Source.--Toronto Golf Club, Long Branch,

Ontario, Canada.

Method of Breeding.--Increased vegetatively

for testing as C-15.

Description.--Vigor o us, aggressive, requires careful management. Dark green; fine

texture. Susceptible to dollar spot and brown

patch. Well adapted in eastern Canada and

Midwestern United States.

Released.--Distributed in golf-turf industry.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

Certified Stock.--Not available. (Available

commercially in limited quantity.)

WASHINGTON

Selected at Arlington Farms, Va., by United

States Golf Association Green Section, ARS

cooperating.

Source.--Collected at Washington Golf and

Country Club, Rosslyn, Va.

Method of Breeding.--Increased vegetatively

for testing as C-50.

Description.--Washington and Metropolitan

were first named strains of creeping bentgrass. Washington is heat resistant, exhibiting

some tolerance to disease. Relatively short

growing season; grows slowly in spring, growth

stops in early fall, with cool weather assumes

purple tinge. Light green; excellent texture.

Released.--Distributed in golf-turf industry.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

Certified Stock.-«Not available. (Available

commercially. Appears to be more than one

strain being increased and used under name

''Washington." Also known as Flossmoor bentgrass and Wakonda Washington.)

Agrostis tenuis Sibth., colonial bentgrass (other common names include

Rhode Island, browntop, New Zealand, and Prince Edward Island)

ASTORIA

Source.--Collection made in northwestern

Oregon by Engbretson and Hyslop in 1926.

Method of Breeding.--Comparative testing.

Description.--Weakly creeping; short stolons; semierect, slender culms. Short ligule,

round to obtuse in shape, finely toothed, and

often split. Panicle open with delicate form

and somewhat larger than that of common

colonial. In general, Astoria and common

colonial cannot be readily distinguished on

basis of growth habit or color. Astoria may

be somewhat more robust but not under all

conditions. Susceptible to brown patch. Used

in lawn mixtures and on fairways.

Released.--Yes. Included in seed certification progrann in Oregon in 1926.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity. Common colonial seed certified in Washington State.

Most of production traces to seed collected

originally from native stands fouad in southwest part of State, north of Columbia River

to Olympia.

HIGHLAND

Sour ce.--Collections made in southern Willamette Valley, Oreg., in about 1930.

Method of Breeding.--Comparative testing.

Description.--Astoria and common colonial

bentgrass very similar in appearance; Highland has several distinctive characteristics.

Bluish green, with erect, robust culms. Ligule

longest of three types, about 1-3.5 mm., round

to obtuse in shape, finely toothed, and often

split. Panicles generally largest of three,

pyramidal in form, with variations from

Astoria to almost appearance of redtop. Culms

tend to be coarser and taller. Culms and panicles dull, light red up to spikelets and remain so at ripening. Panicles semiclosed

after blooming, making it readily noticeable

in fields of common colonial, which turns

brown at ripening and its panicles remain open.

Highland stoloniferous, somewhat stronger

creeper than other types. Susceptible to brown

patch. Turf tends to become puffy when mowed

at ordinary lawn height. Used in lawn mixtures

and on fairways.

12
Relea^ed_,--Yes. Included in seed certification program in Oregon in 1934.

Breeder Seed,--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir., creeping foxtail

GARRISON P-14762

Increased at SCSNursery, Mandan, N« Dak.--

Jesse L. McWilliams.

Source.--Field collection made near Max,

McLean County, N. Dak-, in 1950. Information

obtained from local people there indicate grass

brought into area from eastern Germany or

western U. S. S. R. by immigrant in early days

of home steading. Escaped and growing around

many pothole sloughs in area. In his Handbook

of North Dakota Plants, O. A. Stevens stated,

regarding this grass, ''Specimens were received in 1935 from Gust Steinhaus of Max,

McLean County, and were identified by J^ R.

Swallen, who commented that it was the first

record for the United States.**

Description.--Resembles common meadow

foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.), but has more

vigorous rhizomes and broader leaves. Seed

black at maturity; spikelets fall away easily,

making seed harvest somewhat difficult. Field

tested in mountain meadow areas of Montana

and Wyoming and in wetland areas of North

and South Dakota. Well adapted to wetland

sites; produces good yields of high-quality

forage under these conditions. Tested as

NDG-772.

Released.--No. In SCS field-evaluation tests.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Bismarck, N. Dak.

Certified Seed,--Not available.

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman.

Source.--(P-111), P. I. 110067, botanic garden Alma-Ata, U. S. S. R., and (P-124), P. I.

110351, Institute of Plant Industry, Leningrad,

U. S. S. R.; introduced by Westover-Enlowexpedition in 1934.

Method of Breeding.--Selected plants from

original planting cloned into spaced, isolated,

polycross nursery in 1948. F2 seed produced

by open pollination under isolation from other

strains. In 1955, 1.8-acre planting made and

in 1956, F3 seed harvested.

De scription. - -Leafy, long lived, sod forming. Foliage dark green; leaves flat and mostly

basal. Stems erect, medium coarse, abundant.

Plants start growth early in spring and mature seed early. Seed mostly black, short

awned to awnless; seed habits fair; seed

ripens more uniformly than most strains;

shatters readily. Foliage stays green after

seed matures and until heavy frost, or as

long as moisture available. Best adapted to

conservation plantings in wet or poorly drained

areas.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Andropogon annulatus

PRETORIA 90

Increased at SCS Nursery. San Antonio,

Tex.--James E. Smith, Jr. Called Pretoria

to retain reference to general origin, and

90 (last two digits of accession number) to

distinguish it from other South African accessions of A. annulatus.

Source.--Introduced from Transvaal, South

Afïï;^i7"as P. I. 188926, BN-6730; received

in April 1951 from F. J. Crider as Dicanthium

annulatum Stapf. Increased for testing as

T-20090. ^ u • ^f Description.--Selection made on basis 01

seedling vigor, rapid growth, and aggressive

spread by self-seeding, good seed P^^ducUo?;

and good drought tolerance. Plants essentially

bunchgrass, but stems will root to form loose

Forsk., Diaz bluestem

turf in contact with moist soil. Stems leafy

and leaves carry high along stems, which may

reach 5 feet at seed maturity. Green forage

relished by cattle. Best use indicated as tame

hay, pasture, and ensilage grown on heavy

soils from about Temple, Tex., south and

eastward. Apparently cold tolerant at Fort

Stockton, San Angelo, Dublin, and Palestine,

Tex., but area of full adaptation not yet completely defined.

Released.--Informally by SCS m 1954 for

tests on cooperators' farms in soil-conservation districts of southern and eastern

Texas

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, San Antonio. ,r - *• A

ratified Seed.--Not available. (Limited

commercial production.)

13
Andropogon caucasicus Trin., Caucasian bluestem

CAUCASIAN

Increased at SCS Nursery, Manhattan, Kans.

•-D, R. Cornelius and M. D. Atkins.

Source » - - Introduced froniTiflis,U. S. S, R.,

n 1929 as P. I. 78758. Seed obtained in 1934

;rom A. E. Aldous, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan. Increased for

testing as KG-40.

Description.--Bunchgrass with good leafiness, fine stems, and forage production approximately equivalent to that of native little

bluestem at Manhattan. Free from disease.

Seed maturity indeterminate, very difficult

to harvest, total yield poor to fair. Palatability lower than that of native bluestems, blue

grama, and sideoats grama. Easily established

and spreads well from seed. Good drought

tolerance.

Released.--Informally by SCS in 1946 for

field-evaluation plantings primarily in mixed

prairie area of central Kansas and western

Oklahoma. Came into rather extensive use

in this area for warm-season tame grass

pasture and for revegetating earth structures

and other sacrifice areas.

Breeder Seed.--Foundation seed field being

maintained at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Manhattan.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Available

commercially, but many growers dropped

species because of difficulty of seed harvest.)

Andropogon gerardi Vitman, big bluestem

KAW

Selected at Kansas Agricultural Experiment

Station, Manhattan.

Source. - -Composite of lines selected after

4 or more generations from progeny of 200

accessions collected in 1935 in native Flint

Hills grasslands south of Manhattan.

De sc r iption. - - Tall and more uniformly leafy

than field-run types; leafy, medium late in

maturity, and somewhat resistant to rust.

Forage yields greater in plot tests than those

of field-run accessions with which it has

been compared. Seed yields relatively high

and seed set good.

Released.--1950, by Kansas Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Manhattan.

Andropogon hallii Hack., sand bluestem

WOODWARD

Selected at United States Southern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla.,

in cooperation with Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station, Stillwater--J. R. Harlan

and W. R. Kneebone.

Source.--Traces to source nursery established by M. L. Peterson in 1942. Sources

about equally divided between those in and

near Woodward County, Okla., and those in

general vicinity of Clovis, N. Mex.

Method of Breeding.--Plants selected for

high seed set and placed in 6 isolation blocks

by J. R. Harlan: Short-early, short-late,

medium-early, medium-late, tall-early, and

tall-late. Process repeated with separate populations established in 1946. Selected plants

moved to 6 new isolation blocks. Seed from

2 medium blocks bulked and seeded for preliminary increase in 1949, refined somewhat

by removal of excessively tall plants, and

today serves as breeder seed block of Woodward sand bluestem.

Description.--Variable population, but with

most plants similar in type. Superior to wild

strains tested in (1) flower production, (2) seed

set, (3) lack of excessively tall plants, and

(4) leafiness. Forage yield comparable to that

of better source strains. Woodward can be

combined reasonably well, and seed quality

superior to comnnon sources.

Released.--1955, cooperatively by Oklahoma

and Kansas Agricultural Experiment Stations

and Crops Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed. - - United State s Southern Great

Plains Field Station.

Certified Seed. - - Available.

Andropogon ischaemum L., yellow bluestem

A-1407

Increased at SCS Nursery, Tucson, Ariz.--

C. G. Marshall and L. P, Hamilton.

Source.--Introduced from U. S. S. R. as

P. I. 107017 in 1934. Collected by WestoverEnlow expedition at Tajikistan, Turkestan.

Description.--Vigorous introduction that appears to be more erect and more cold hardy

than King Ranch bluestem. Looked promising

in central Arizona.

Released,--No,

Breeder_Seed...Arizona Plant Materials

Center, Tucson.

14
A-14207

Increased at SCS Nursery, Tucson, Ariz.--

C. G. Marshall and L« P, Hamilton.

Source.--Origin cannot be established; seed

obtained from Texas as little bluestem.

Looked promising in some Arizona plantings.

Collected and sent to Tucson by Fred Lavin.

Description.--Similar to A-1407, but appears to be superior in forage production.

Panicle resembles that of Caucasian bluestem. Growth more erect than King Ranch

bluestem.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Arizona Plant Materials

Center, Tucson.

EL KAN

Selected at SCS Nursery, Manhattan, Kans.--

D. R. Cornelius.

Source.--Seed collection made in 1937 from

adventitious plants growing in county road

ditch and edge of adjoining rangeland west of

Howard, Elk County, Kans. Exact origin unknown, but thought to have come in with

cattle or hay from Texas.

Method of Breeding.--Selected in comparison with other introductions of this Asiatic

bluestem. Tested as KG-495.

Description.--One of few strains of species

fully hardy to winter conditions in Kansas.

Bunchgrass of medium leafiness and forage

production; more nearly equal to sideoats

grama than to native bluestems in eastern

Kansas. Only fair seed production. Comparatively free from disease. Low in palatability

compared with native bluestems, blue grama,

and sideoats grama. Easily established and

spreads well from seed.

Released. - -Informally by SCS for fieldevaluation plantings in western Kansas and

Oklahoma and eastern Colorado and New

Mexico. Primarily for use as warm-season

tame grass and for re vegetating very difficult

sites, earthen structures, and other sacrifice

areas.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Manhattan.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

FORMOSA

Increased at Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, StiUwater, ARS cooperating--

!• R. Harlan.

Source.--Seed lot received in 1952 from

Mr. Chu of Formosa. Two robust plants increased, r Q «.V, • Description.--Songarica type of Bg^.^^^Q"

chloa ischaTmum Keng; hexaploid. Diflers

from King Ranch bluestem in being extreme y

leafy and rather late in blooming. Susceptible

to leaf rust, but not so much so as King Ranch

bluestem. Overwintered at StiUwater, but

injury suggests marginal adaptation in this

respect. Strongly apomictic. Should be tested

on good soils where high production and

intensive management are anticipated.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

KING RANCH (KR)

Selected at Kingsville, Tex., by N. R. Diaz;

then grown at SCS Nursery, San Antonio, Tex.

Source.--Original seed collected in weakened

rhodesgrass pasture on King Ranch, Tex.,

where escaped bluestem had gained dominance.

Country of origin unknown, but thought by

some to be China. Increased for testing as

T-3487.

Origin of King Ranch blue ste na in America described by J. R. Harlan in Oklahoma

Forage Leaflet No. 11, 1952, as follows:

Material now generally in use was first

noticed by Nico Diaz on King Ranch in

1937 and increased for distribution by

SCS under T-3487. Recent inquiry into

history of Texas yellow beardgrass, which

is apparently indistinguishable from King

Ranch bluestem in all respects, leaves

little doubt as to original entry of grass into

United States. History is briefly as follows:

January 11, 1917--Received by P. B.

Kennedy, California Agricultural Experiment Station, Berkeley, from Amoy, China.

Presented by H. Hoyle Sink, American

consul, Amoy. Given California number

T, O. 144 and later S. P. I. number 44096.

1924--S. P. I. 44096 introduced to Angleton Experiment Station, Texas, by V. E.

Hafner, Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C, and given Texas number

T. S. 8413.

April 11, 1932--T. O. 144 received by

Division of Forage Crops and Diseases,

Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington,

D. C, from Agronomy Department, University of California, Davis, and given

F. C. number 21785.

April 11, 1935--F. C. 21785 senttoB.F.

Kiltz, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment

Station, StiUwater, from Beltsville, Md.

1937--F. C. 21785 obtained by United

States Southern Great Plains Field Station,

Woodward, Okla., from StiUwater.

1937-_F. C. 21785 obtained by Texas

Agricultural Experiment Station, College

Station, from Woodward.

1939--T. S. 8413 given name *'yellow

beardgrass" in Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin No. 570 and its

performance at Angleton described.

I949--F. C. 21785 given name **Texas

yellow beardgrass'* and released for certification in Texas by Texas Agricultural

15
Experiment Station. AU Andropogon ischaemum material furnished by Texas Agricultural Experiment Station to individuals or substations since 1941 originated

from this source.

Since original Chinese nmaterial had been

grown at Angleton Experiment Station as

early as 1924, little reason to suppose that

King Ranch strain is any other than Chinese

accession that found its way from Angleton

to King Ranch sometime during 1924-37.

Description.--Midtall, perennial, warmseason bunchgrass. Forms semiprostrate leafy

clumps in early stages of growth. Very drought

tolerant; able to withstand winter temperatures

as far north as central Oklahoma. Produces

seed indeterminately throughout season, volunteers aggressively, tends to eliminate other

competition. Adapted best for range seeding

on clay soils and rocky, limestone hills.

Forage attractive to cattle and sheep; plants

can withstand heavy use for relatively long

periods. Leaf growth very susceptible to

damage from leaf rust, especially in spring.

Weakness did not show up as major factor

until grass had been in widespread use for

several years.

Released.--Informally by SCS in about 1941.

Later certified and formally released by SCS

and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (In commercial production.)

MARASH

Increased at Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater, ARS cooperating--

J. R. Harlan.

Sour ce.--Collected by J. R. Harlan in Maras,

Turkey, in 1948 and introduced as P. I. 1 72720.

Description.--Belongs to common Eurasian

type of Bothriochloa ischaemum, but is hexaploid rather than tetraploid; considerably more

robust than other accessions of this type.

Resembles El Kan in general ecological behavior and gross appearance; also apomictic.

Larger, coarser, more robust, and bluish.

Weedy; produces seed abundantly and continuously through growing season and should

volunteer readily. Winter hardy in Oklahoma

and resistant to leaf rust. Slow starter.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

Andropogon nodosus (Willem.) Nash, angletongrass

MEDIO

Increased at SCS Nursery, San Antonio, Tex.

Source.--Medio Creek, Bee County, Tex.,

near State Highway 202 bridge. Lines lower

benches of Medio Creek from near Berclair

to Copano Bay and evidently been in place

for many years. All other except woody vegetation excluded by grass where it is established. Apparently first noticed by Dick Sentor

of SCS in about 1940. His attempts to reproduce it then reported later as failures. In

February 1951 Simon E. Wolff of San Antonio

SCS Nursery with Roy Boethel and Alfred

Taylor of Beeville SCS Work Unit collected

5 sod clumps, which were brought to San

Antonio by Wolff, divided, set out in 2 rod

rows, and given accession number T-20011.

Country of origin unknown. Named Medio by

James E. Smith, Jr.

Description.--Leafy, dark green, fine

stemmed, perennial form of A. nodosus. Reproduces well by self-seeding; spreads rapidly

by means of prostrate stems to form dense

turf, with upright stems about 30 inches tall

at seed maturity. Tolerant to alkali soils and

low rainfall. Good seed producer; grows best

in clay soils or sandy soils with shallow clay

layer. Capable of very high forage production.

Both green and cured forage taken by cattle

in preference to most native and other introduced grasses. Area of best adaptation

appears to be east of San Angelo, Tex., and

south of Waco, Tex., for pasture and range

seeding.

Released.--Informally by SCS in 1954.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, San Antonio.

Certified Seed.--Not available. ' (In comnnercial production.)

Andropogon scoparius Michx., little bluestem

KG-1580

Selected at Kansas Agricultural Experiment

Station, Manhattan--A. E. Aldous.

I^ource.--Accessions collected in 1935 from

Flint Hills native grasslands south of

Manhattan.

Method of Breeding.--Composite of progeny

of these accessions made after several generations of selection.

Description.--Tall, leafy, vigorous, medium

late m maturity, more uniform than field-run

accessions. High producer of forage and,

under favorable conditions, also of seed. Some

resistance to rust.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Nnf available.

16
Arrhenatherum elatius

TUALATIN

St!tioT^C^' Oregon Agricultural Experiment

Schoth.' ^°^^^^^^"' ^^S cooperating.-H. A.

. Method of Breeding^.-.First selections made

in 1930 m attempt to develop strain for nonshattering seed characteristics

Description.--Leafier, finer stemmed, and

about 10 days later in heading than common

tall oatgrass; not quite so tall. Forage yields

(L.) Presl, tall oatgrass

equal under comparable growing conditions;

seed yields considerably higher because of

resistance to shattering. Highly resistant to

nead smut, which readily attacks commercial

type.

Released.--1940, cooperatively by Oregon

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

. Breeder Seed.--Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station.

Qertified_Seed.--Available in quantity.

Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., sideoats grama

BUTTE

Selected at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, ARS and SCS cooperating--E. C. Conard and L, C. Newell.

Source.--Native collections from Holt and

Platte Counties, Nebr.

Method of Breeding.--Repeated field p1pr>fings revealed superiority of seedling vigor

and establishment by native collections from

Holt and Platte Counties as compared with

other sources. Collections eventually combined and increased for further testing as

Nebraska 37. Seed di.Qf-ributed for testing in

1948. ^

Description.--Winter hardy, long lived, relatively early maturing. Makes best growth

response under long days; best adapted to

areas with relatively short growing seasons.

Has large caryopses; exhibits excellent

seedling vigor for establishment. In eastern

Nebraska produces excellent seed crop,

maturing in mid-August. Matures seed before

frost in western Nebraska. In Nebraska recommended for upland plantings in northcentral and western districts.

Released.--1958. cooperatively by Nebraska

Agricultural Experiment Station; Crops Research Division, ARS; and Nursery Division,

SCS.

Breeder Seed.--Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

CORONADO

Selected at United States Southern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla.,

in cooperation with Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station, Stillwater-- J. R. Harlan.

Source.--Field collection made by J. R.

Harlan in 1946. Collected in small, dry wash

1-1/2 miles west of "Encinoso," N. Mex.

Method of Breeding.--Increased at Woodward. Some plants died during first two

winters, but no evidence since of winter injury;

presumed nonhardy types have been eliminated.

Seed distributed for testing under name

**Encinoso."

Description.--Apomictic. rather robust,

productive of both forage and seed, extremely

uniform. Spikes tend to be straw colored at

maturity; tips of inflorescences characteristically turn white as spikes ripen. Seed large;

seed set under favorable conditions good;

seedling vigor excellent. Two crops of seed

per year may be expected, as in most

apomictic varieties.

Released.--1955. cooperatively by Oklahoma

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma. Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed. - -Available.

EL RENO

Increased at SCS Nursery, Manhattan,

Kans.--D. R. Cornelius.

Source.--Field-seed collection made near

El Reno, Okla., in 1934.

Method of Breeding.--Bulk material compared with many other collections. Increased

for testing as KG-482.

Description.--Outstanding in leafiness,

forage production, and vigor. Ranked well in

disease resistance, seed production, and winter

hardiness. Produced about 500 pounds of seed

per acre under irrigation.

Released.--1944. cooperatively by Kansas

Agricultural Experiment Station and Nursery

Division, SCS.

Breeder Seed.--Foundation seed field maintained at Plant Materials Center, SCS, Manhattan.

Certified Seed.--Available. (Ample *'affidavit" seed available. Most growers not certifying because of rigid certification standards.)

TRAILWAY

Selected at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, ARS and SCS cooperating--L. C. Newell and E. C. Conard.

Source.--Hybrid population of sideoats

grama found growing along abandoned roadway

in northern Holt County, Nebr., by L. C.

Newell in 1935.

17
Method of Selection.--Spaced plants of collection grown at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Selection made in hybrid

population for late maturity and freedom from

rust. Selection carried through three generations, resulting in harvest and increase of

seed from several groupings of selected clones.

Seed from several groups later composted for

seed increase and testing as Nebraska 52.

Description.--Winter hardy, long lived, late

maturing, comparable in growth type to more

southerly varieties as to origin. Somewhat

indeterminate as to heading and flowering

responses, exhibiting considerable variability

in maturity. Requires most of growing season

to mature seed in eastern Nebraska; may fail

to produce seed crops in regions with shorter

seasons. In Nebraska recommended for upland

plantings in eastern and southern districts.

Released.--1958, cooperatively by Nebraska

Agricultural Experiment Station; Crops Research Division, ARS; and Nursery Division,

ses.

Breeder Seed.--Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

TUCSON

Selected at United States Southern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla.,

in cooperation with Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station, Stillwater.

Source.--Field collection made near«

Douglas, Ariz., by SCS. Reached Woodward by

way of Lincoln, Nebr., in 1937.

Method of Breeding.--Considerable mortality and much winter injury observed in population for first several years. Selection of

surviving types resulted in material adequately

hardy for most of Oklahoma.

Description.--Consists of group of apomictic

clones that resemble each other very closely.

Outstanding in ability to grow under hot, dry

conditions; remains green when most sexual

types dry up. Two seed crops harvested each

year, but inferior to Coronado in seed set,

seed size, and seedling vigor. Became obsolete

in Oklahoma with release of Coronado, but

used elsewhere in Southwest.

Released.--Cooperatively by Crops Research Division, ARS; and Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available.

UVALDE

Increased at southwestern SCS nurseries--

Gordon Mott.

Source.--Original seed collected from native

stand along railroad right-of-way about 1-1/2

miles west of Knippa, Tex. Seed first planted

at Stillwater, Okla., and later put in production at SCS Nursery, Tucson, Ariz. Quantity

of seed sent from Tucson to San Antonio, Tex.,

in 1952, and commercial production started.

Named Uvalde for county of origin. Increased

for testing as T-20285 (Tex.) and A-2969

(Ariz.).

Description.--Dark green, erect, very leafy,

heavy seed producer, superior to common

forms of species in resistance to shattering

at seed maturity. Represents first southern

Texas variety to be produced commercially.

Area of best adaptation probably within 100-1 50

miles of Uvalde, though plantings thriving as

far away as Midland and Spur, Tex. Proved

less desirable than local sources in Arizona

and New Mexico because of winter-stand loss

at higher elevations there.

Released.--1950, cooperatively by Arizona

Agricultural Experiment Station and Nursery

Division, SCS.

Breeder Seed.--Arizona Plant Materials

Center, Tucson.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (In commercial production.)

VAUGHN

Increased at SCS Nursery, Albuquerque,

N. Mex.

Source.--Collected from native stands near

Vaughn, N. Mex., in 1935 and tested as A-3603.

Method of Breeding.--Bulk increase of native

collection.

Description.--Population slightly variable,

but in have erect leaf type. Good seedling

vigor, easily established. More drought tolerant than El Reno, Uvalde, or Tucson for use

in eastern Colorado and New Mexico.

Released.--1940, cooperatively by New

Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and

Nursery Division, SCS.

Breeder Seed.--SCS-New Mexico Cooperative Nursery, Los Lunas, and Plant Materials

Center, Tucson, Ariz.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

WOODWARD STRAINS

Selected at United States Southern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla.,

in cooperation with Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station, Stillwater. Represent

sources and experimental strains that have

been distributed for testing purposes.

Hope

Apomictic, Collected 15 miles northwest of

Hope, N. Mex., by J. R. Harlar in 1946.

Medium height, fine stemmed, leafy, very

uniform. In several tests has been highest

yielding variety, but seeds small and subject

to shattering. Seedling vigor less than that

of Coronado.

18
Temple

í^ifty plants selected after four cycles of

mass selection from material originating near

Temple, Tex. Leafy, robust, sexull type

Wl

Fifty selected plants from line advanced

three generations by selection and isolation

Original source composite of many sources!

Vigorous, leafy forage type; good seed producer. Light-colored inflorescences predominating. Fairly uniform as to type.

W2

Fifty plants selected from three lines

(74-6545, 74-6546, 74-6547), each of which

had been advanced three generations by selection and isolation and here combined. Leafy,

robust types; somewhat less uniform as to

type and more pigmented than Wl.

W3

Fifty plants selected from four lines, each

of which had been advanced two generations

by selection and isolation. Original sources

composited. Plants exceptionally tall and

leaves coming well up stem.

W4

Fifty plants selected from same lines as

W3. Vigorous, but shorter, medium leafy, and

less erect than W3. W4 looked good in some

tests; being increased for additional testing.

Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr.), black grama

FLAGSTAFF

Increased at ses Nursery, Albuquerque,

N. Mex.

Source.--Field collection along FlagstaffCameron Highway, 20 miles north of Flagstaff,

Ariz.

Released.--No. Being tested as A-3730.

Breeder Seed.--Arizona Plant Materials

Center, Tucson.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Bouteloua gracilis (H. B. K.) Lag. ex Steud., blue grama

WOODWARD STRAINS

Selected at United States Southern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla.,

in cooperation with Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station, Stillwatçr.

Blue grama typçs extensiveJLy distributed in

small packet lots over last 10 years. No

large-scale increases obtained because of

difficulty of producing seed. Capitán, Synthetic

20, and Synthetic 40 being produced on small

scale at El Reno, Okla. Marfa seed produced

in limited quantity at Woodward. Most other

varieties now obsolete.

Capitán

Collection 174 from property of Don Gregorio

Herrera, 3 miles north of Capitán, N. Mex.,

to which selected plants added from collections

173, 175, and 176, all within 15 miles of

collection 174. Extremely leafy, vigorous,

pure green. Late flowering at Woodward;

vegetatively nnost promising variant so far

found. Original type apparently closely confined to one small watershed north of Capitán.

Has looked outstanding at Central Plains

Experimental Range in Colorado and under

irrigation at El Reno.

Caprock

Collections 92 and 113 within 10 miles of

Caprock, N. Mex., plus collection 135 near

Kenna, N. Mex. Vigorous strain from edge of

Mescalero ridge; somewhat finer than more

southern sources.

Davis

Selected plants from Davis Mountain collections 28-41, except collection 34. Low growing,

very leafy, late flowering, blue, typical of

most Davis Mountain types. Vigorous southern

type of considerable promise.

Dunlap

Collections 120 and 121 near Dunlap, N. Mex.,

representing high rocky plains west of upper

Pecos River. Outstanding forage type.

Hueco

Collection 55, 15 miles east of Hueco station, Tex., on lower slopes of Hueco Hills,

plus collection 57, 14 miles east of Salt

Flats, Tex., on lower slopes of Guadalupe

Mountains. Vigorous, medium leafy, bluish,

19
oí some promise. Mign yieiaer m smaii pioc

tests at Woodward.

Marfa

Collection 34 from southern slopes of Davis

Mountains, 2 miles north of Marfa, Tex.,

plus selected tall, early plants from Davis

Mountain collections 28-41. Tall, leafy, vigorous, early flowering, representative of southern

slopes of Davis Mountains. Has looked good

under grazing at Woodward.

Pecos

Collection 107, 26 miles northeast of

Carlsbad, N. Mex., plus selected plants from

collections 106 and 108 within 10 miles of

collection 107. Vigorous, southern type; apparently adapted to dry, sandy conditions of

mid-Pecos River Valley. Tall, robust, bluish.

Roy

Collection 201 from Red River Canyon west

of Roy, N. Mex., plus collection 192 near

Santa Rosa, N. Mex. Represents most promising material found in northeastern New Mexico,

which area generally provides mediocre material for Woodward conditions. Rather coarse,

bluish.

Ruidoso

Collections 143 and 145 selected individuals

from collection 144, all in Rio Ruidoso watershed between Hondo and Ruidoso, N. Mex.

Montane type, but quite different from Capitán,

which comes from same mountains. Ruidoso

rather coarse, bluish, shorter leaved, and

taller stemmed than Capitán.

Synthetic 20

One-hundred selected plants from sources

known to have 2n = 20 chromosomes. These

sources mostly from central New Mexico

and western Texas. (See A Cytological Study

of Bouteloua gracilis From Western Texas

and Eastern New Mexico by L. A. Snyder and

J. R. Harlan in Amer. Jour. Bot. 40: 702-707,

1953.)

öyntnetic 4ü

One-hundred selected plants from sources

known to have 2n = 40 chromosomes. Sources

from central New Mexico at fairly high elevations. (See reference above.)

Van Horn

Collection 46 plus selected plants from

collection 48, both within 10 miles of Van Horn,

Tex. Vigorous, leafy, blue-green southern

type. Promises to be good seed producer under

good conditions.

Wl

Fifty selected early plants from 1946 collection of blue grama. Wide range of vigorous

early types; intercrossing to provide variable

material for regional selection.

W2

Fifty selected late-flowering plants from

1946 blue grama collection. Wide range of

vigorous late types; intercrossing to provide

variable material for regional selection.

W3

Combining 25 plants of Hetzen strain and

25 plants of Noble strain after advancing each

three generations by selection and isolation.

Hetzen material originated on Hetzen farm 8

miles south of Woodward. Noble strain came

from Noble County, Okla. Strains similar,

being vigorous, leafy, and very late in flowering.

W4

Fifty selected F^ derivatives from crosses

of Mexican Springs (New Mexico) X Fort Supply

(Oklahoma) and reciprocal. Fairly uniform

material intermediate between two original

types. Finer, earlier, and greener than local

Fort Supply material. Leafier, less spreading,

and with better seeding habits than Mexican

Springs.

Bromus carinatus Hook, and Arn., California brome

CUCAMONGA

Selected at SCS Plant Materials Centers,

Pleasanton and San Fernando, Calif.--Paul H.

Dickey, Paul E. Lemmon, and D. J. Vanderwal.

Sour ce.--Collected from native stand near

Cucamonga, Calif., September 15, 1939, by

Cucamonga CCC camp agronomist, name unknown.

Method of Hreeding.--Mass phenotypic selection made from small plot seeded at Pleasanton in 1941. Selection given accession number P-11117 and tested at San Fernando

Nursery in comparison with other annual

grasses.

Description.--Rapid-de veloping, earlymaturing, self-perpetuating annual grass;

20
specifically developed to stabilize sand and

control wind and water erosion in vineyards

of southern California. Large seed; strong

seedling vigor. Because of early maturity

does not rob moisture from dryland grapes'

Subsurface tillage at this time insures good

stand next year.

Released.-~ 1949, cooperatively by California

Agricultural Experiment Station and San

Fernando Nursery, SCS.

Breeder Seed.--Planf- Materials Center, SCS,

Pleasanton.

Certified Seed.-.Nnt available. (No commercial seed available at present.)

Bromus catharticus

CHAPEL HILL

Increased at SCS Nursery, Chapel Hill,

N. C.--F. Jo LeClair, Paul Tabor, and L. R!

Roof.

Source.--From commercial seed, Wyatt

Seed Company, Raleigh, N. C; originally from

Nicholson Seed Company, Dallas, Tex.

Method of Breeding.--Natural selection for

longevity and resistance to smut and mildew.

Description.--Vigorous strain with strong

tendency to be perennial at northern border of

Cotton Belt. Considerable resistance to smut

and mildew in States east of Alabama and

Tennessee.

Released.--Not formally. Distributed from

SCS Nursery, Chapel Hill, in fall of 1947.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Seed in

commercial trade channels often mixed. For

pure seed, request names of growers from

SCS.)

GEORGIA SELECTION

Selected at Georgia Agricultural Experiment

Station, Experiment--J. M. Elrod.

Source. - -Plants found growing in old nursery at Experiment in 1950.

Method of Breeding.--Individual plants increased vegetatively and used to establish

space-planted nursery. Clones screened in

greenhouse for resistance to mildew. Seed

harvested from nursery used to increase

strain. Found to be resistant to head smut

in artificial inoculation tests.

Description.--Experimental strain characterized by resistance to mildew and smut.

More uniform than common rescuegrass,

having somewhat larger stems, wider and

longer leaves, and longer, heavier panicles.

Behaved as short-lived perennial under favorable conditions at Experiment.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station.

LAMONT

Selected at Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, Miss., ARS cooperating--H. W.

Johnson.

Source.--La Estanzuela 157/49. Seed of this

strain obtained by O. S. Aamodt from Uruguay

and introduced as P. I. 193144 in 1950.

Vahl, rescuegrass

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection. Seed

harvested in May 1953 from 2-year-old plants

in plot seeded at Stoneville in 1951.

Description.--Appears to consist largely

of plants that are biennials or short-lived

perennials. Consequently, provides longer

grazing season during second and subsequent

years of stand than during year of establishment or when grown as winter annual. Highly

resistant to head smut. In tests at Stoneville

proved imnnune to head smut collections from

Auburn, Ala., College Station, Tex., Raymond

and Stoneville, Miss., and Watkinsville, Ga.

Proved moderately susceptible to Baton Rouge,

La., collection, which appears to represent

different race of head smut fungus.

Released.--1957, cooperatively by Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station and

Crops Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Delta Branch Experiment

Station.

Certified Seed.--Available.

PRAIRIE

Selected at Imperial Valley Experiment

Station, El Centro, Calif.--L. G. Goar.

Source.--Introduced from New Zealand by

Wayne Fisher.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection at El

Centro. Increased at Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pleasanton, Calif., for field-scale testing.

Description.--Rapid-d eveloping, highproducing, short-lived perennial bunchgrass.

High fertility-level requirement; very palatable

to livestock. Tests showed it produced as nnuch

first-year feed in irrigated pasture mixtures

as annual and -perennial ryegrass and was

less competitive to longer lived, slower developing perennial grasses in mixture. Under

normal grazing practice disappears from mixture by end of second year.

Released.--1946, cooperatively by California

Agricultural Experiment Station and Plant

Materials Center, SCS, Pleasanton.

Breeder Seed.--California Crop Improvement Association and Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pleasanton.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

RESCUE 440

Selected at Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, Knoxville--J. K. Underwood.

Source.--Local naturalized colony.

Method of Breeding.--Selection of longer

lived plants, high in seed and forage production.

21
Description.— Isolated in 1940 as shortlived perennial of excellent production and

quality. Performed very satisfactorily at

several locations in Southeast. Has been

abandoned.

Released.--No. Distributed for testing.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

TEXAS 46

Selected at Texas Agricultural Experiment

Station, College Station--G. C. Warner, R. L.

Hensel, and R. Ç. Potts.

Source.--Plant introduction from Australia;

P. I. number unknown.

Method of Breeding.--Individual plants selecled from Australian introduction and increased for testing.

Description.--Good seedling vigor, mildew

resistance, early growth, good yield of forage

and seed.

Released.--1946, by Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Available.

Bromus coloratus Steud.

A-12445

Increased at SCS Nursery, Tucson, Ariz.--

C. G. Marshall and L. P. Hamilton.

Source.--Introduced from Australia as P. I.

150144. Collected by William Hartley, Canberra, Australia, in 194Z.

Description.--Similar to certified Prairie

rescuegrass, but about

maturity. Heavy seeder.

Released.--Cooperatively by

ricultural Experiment Station

Division, SCS.

Breeder Seed.--Arizona Plant

Center, Tucson.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

2 weeks earlier in

Arizona Agand Nursery

Materials

Bromus inermis Leyss., smooth brome

ACHENBACH

Source.--Old fields tracing to original planting made in 1895 by Achenbach brothers of

Washington County, Kans.

Method of Breeding.--Some mass selection

in early generations by Achenbach brothers.

Description.--Typical **southern" type of

smooth brome. Leafy, vigorous, spreads

rapidly by rhizomes to form dense, competitive sod. Heavy producer of both seed and

forage. Far less susceptible to leaf diseases

than ••northern" types with which it has been

compared in Kansas. Most smooth brome

grown in Kansas is of this strain.

Released.--Named Achenbach in 1944 by

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station; old

fields that could be traced to Achenbach

brothers' plantings then declared eligible for

certification. Have been source of all fields

now grown for certification.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

B. IN. 12

Selected at Utah Agricultural Experiment

Station, Logan, ARS cooperating--W. Keller.

Source.--Northern types.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection.

Description.--Includes 28 high-yielding,

chiefly nonspreading or restricted-spreading

clones. Performed well at higher elevations

in sonne intermountain States and in northern

Great Plains. Has been discontinued.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

ELSBERRY

Increased at SCS Nursery, Elsberry, Mo.

Source. - -Believed to be derived from old

field located in either northwestern Missouri

K>r southeastern Iowa.

Description.--Southern early-m atur ing

strain of smooth brome. Best of several

accessions tested at SCS Nursery, Elsberry.

Released.--Cooperatively by Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station and Nursery

Division, SCS.

Breeder Seed.--Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Some commercial production.)

FISCHER

Increased at SCS Nursery, Ames, lowa--

M, E. Heath.

Source.--Original seed collected in 1939

from old field of smooth brome established

in 1917 on E. A. Fischer farm near Shenandoah,

Iowa.

Method of Breeding.--Original lot of seed

planted at SCS Nursery, Ames, in 1940 for

increase and subsequent testing by Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames, and SCS.

Several generations of seed increase by SCS

and Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station have

followed.

Description.--Performance tests to date

show Fischer to be aggressive, productive,

hardy, and well adapted to better soils. In

most respects similar to other *'southern"

strains--Lincoln and Achenbach.

22
Released.--1943. cooperatively by Iowa

Agricultural Experiment Station and Nursery

Division, ses.

Breeder Seed.--Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

HOMESTEADER

Developed at South Dakota Agricultural Experimient Station, Brookings-- J. G. Ross,

W. W. Worzella, and C. J. Franzke.

Source.--Seed collected from South Dakota

farms on which original plantings had been

made some time during 190 5-15.

Method of Breeding.--Sixteen collections

compared in variety tests. Five strains found

superior for forage yield, seed production,

and palatability. Seed of five superior strains

bulked and composite increased for further

testing.

Description.--Intermediate in type between

northern and southern varieties. Approved for

distribution on basis of good forage yield,

palatability, and adaptation to South Dakota

conditions.

Released.--1951, by South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--South Dakota Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

JEANERETTE

Source.--Old fields, southern Lyon County,

Kans.; first grown in mid-1890's on Henry

Jeanerette farm and later widely grown in

that part of Kansas.

Description.--Typical **southern" type of

smooth brome resembling Achenbach in growth

habit and forage yield.

Released.--Not officially named, but widely

grown in area south of Emporia, Kans., under

local name ** Jeanerette" after original grower

in that area.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Some commercial production.)

KQHL

Selected at Prairie City, Oreg. ^^.,,.

Source.--Field collection made on P^]^}]P

Kuhl farm near Prairie City in about 1936.

(Probably an escape from observation nursery

»eeded on Kuhl farm in about 1930.)

Method of Breeding.-Increase of above

field collection. ,

Description.--Low-growing type aeep

rooted, dark leaves, dark heads, almost black

seeds. Seems to be somewhat better adapted

to drier lands than other varieties tested.

ReUtively lt)w for»fe and^séed yi^Kier.

Released.--No. Entered in grass-testing

program at few experiment stations in about

1938. After several years' testing was dropped

and apparently now nonexistent.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

LANCASTER

Selected at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, ARS cooperating--L. C.

Newell.

Source.--Clones collected from old fields

in Nebraska.

Method of Breeding.--Produced in 1943 by

field hybridization oF clones from five unrelated sources. Selection of clones based

on previous evaluation of their sibbed and openpollinated progenies, studies beginning with

selections from old fields in 1937.

Description.--Leading smooth brome variety

in forage and seed yields in tests at Lincoln,

1947-52. Showed immediate promise among

several experimental synthetic varieties in

early comparative tests at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. On fertile soils is

leafy, vigorous, with fine stems and somewhat drooping panicles. Seed of advanced

generation first distributed as Nebraska 44

for testing.

Released.-- 1950, cooperatively by Nebraska

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

LINCOLN

Increased at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, ARS cooperating--

L, C. Newell and A. L. Frolik.

Source.--Old fields of smooth brome derived from early introductions of smooth

brome prior to 1898; attributed to Hungarian

origin (California introduction of 1884).

Method of Breeding.--Plot tests of farmer

strains of smooth brome conducted in 1939-42;

showed comparative superiority of locally

grown southern strains as compared with

strains of northern origin. Fields that showed

superiority and that were traced to common

origin first approved in 1941 for seed increase

and later certified as Lincoln.

Description.--Cool-season grass; provides

abundance oi early-spring pasturage and fall

re growth under favorable conditions. Rhizomatous sod-forming type; well adapted for conservation purposes in central latitudes as

compared with less aggressive northern types.

Exhibits good seedling vigor and relative ease

of establishment on critical planting sites.

Released.--1942, cooperatively byNebraska

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Nebraska Agricultural Expçriment Station.

Certified Sg»d.--Av>iUtete m t^tttity.

23
LYON

Selected at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, ARS cooperating--L. C .

Newell.

Source.--Developed from selections made

in farm strains of certified Lincoln smooth

brome. Later progenies became outcrossed

in selection nursery to broad source of germ

plasm of southern type of smooth brome.

Method of Breeding.--Single clones of Lineorrr"smönir"Brömi~~se lee ted for seed quality

and forage type and isolated; crossed seed

composited and tested as B-9. Seed from

progenies of these selections later outcrossed

to large number of open-pollinated lines of

southern type, bulked, and retested as Nebraska

36.

Description.--Maintains broad adaptation of

Lincoln smooth brome parental stock combined with superior seed quality, seedling

vigor, and more uniformly desirable plant

type. Produced larger yields of forage and

seed in Nebraska tests than Lincoln. As

Nebraska 36, and later as Lyon, has been

tested widely since 1947, showing promise

over broad range of conditions. Named after

Professor T. L. Lyon, who first worked with

smooth brome at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station in 1897.

Released.--1950, cooperatively by Nebraska

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

MANCHAR

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

PuUnaan, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman, A. G.

Law, A. L. Hafenrichter, and D. C. Tingey.

Source.--Original introduction in 1935 from

Kungchuling Experiment Station of South

Manchurian Railway, Manchuria, China, as

P. I. 109812.

Method of Breeding.--Grown in nurseries

at SCS Plant Materials Centers since 1935;

subjected to mass selection and tested in

uniform nurseries and strain tests since

1937 as P-177.

De s c r iption. - -Inte rmediate between weakly

spreading northern types and aggressive sodforming southern types; maintains good balance

with associated legumes; produces vigorous

seedling; good yields of seed and forage;

recovers rapidly after cutting. Its dark,

purple-cast seeds thresh easily; seed generally

heavier than that of common smooth brome.

Released.--I943, as P-177, cooperatively

by Idaho and Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations, and SCS Plant Materials

Centers, Aberdeen, Idaho, and Pullman. Named

Manchar in 1946.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

MANDAN 404

Selected at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Mandan, N. Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Source.--Fronn local field collection of

northern material.

Method of Breeding.--Developedby selection

within single plant progeny after two generations of single plant selection under open

pollination. Both inbred and open-pollination

progeny tests made of each of eight clones

going into variety.

Description.--Short, fine, very high in

quality, light green. Not aggressive and not

high yielder, but higher in protein at Mandan

at all stages of growth than Lincoln. Tests

at Mandan show Mandan 404 to be higher in

palatability than Lincoln.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station.

MARTIN

Selected at Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul.

Source.--Seed obtained from old fields of

smooth brome in Martin County, Minn.

Method of Breeding.--Eighty-eight plants

selected from space-planted nursery, which

had been studied over 2-year period. Selections cloned and on basis of yield, leafiness,

and freedom frona leaf spot, 21 clones allowed

to reproduce by natural cross-pollination.

De scription. - -Somewhat intermediate in

growth between southern and northern strains.

Generally classed as northern strain. Produced higher forage yields than Canadian

common smooth brome in Minnesota.

Released.--Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Not available. (Limited

amount of old seed may be in storage.)

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Was recommended and certified in Minnesota for

several years, but has been discontinued.)

MICHIGAN B-2

Accession number assigned by ARS to commercial lot of Canadian smooth brome; increased at Michigan Agricultural Experiment

Station, East Lansing. Original seed planted at

East Lansing in 1937. For few years seed

frona this source certified by Michigan Crop

Improvement Association, but discontinued

because of problem of quackgrass impurities.

MINNESOTA SYNTHETICS

Selected at Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul--A. R, Schmid, H. K.

Hayes, and Ho L. Thomas.

24
Sour ce.--Commercial strains and collection

from Martin County, Minn.

Method of Breeding.--Individual plants and

clones studied during 1936-45. In 1945, 50

best appearing selections included in polycross nursery. These clones and their polycross progeny studied for yield, vigor, resistance to leaf spot, and maturity.

De s c r iption. - - Six experimental synthetics

developed: (1) 4 most vigorous clones; (Z) 8

clones low in leaf spot and most vigorous in

low leaf spot group; (3) 8 clones selected for

lateness and most vigorous in late group;

(4) increase of clone 3 8; (5) increase of clone

17; (6) 8 clones selected for extreme lateness

at expense of other characteristics.

Released.--No. Some synthetics included in

regional testing program.

Breeder Seed.--Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. Further increase not planned

at this time. Second-cycle material will be

evaluated.

NEW YORK SYNTHETIC L

Selected at New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca--R. P. Murphy.

Source.--Wide collection of seed lots from

plant breeders in United States. Parental

clones: N. Y. 46-19, N. Y. 46-92, N. Y. 46-157,

N. Y. 46-166, N. Y. 47-7, N. Y. 47-217, N. Y.

48E-1, N. Y. 48E-7, N. Y. 48E-11, N. Y.

48E-15, N. Y. 48E-22, N. Y. 48F-2, N. Y.

48-176, Pasture Laboratory N. Y. 47PL-23

(1-23), N. Y. 47PL-45(III-6), N. Y. 47PL-85

(III-46), N. Y. 47PL-92(IV-2), N. Y. 47PL-115

(IV.25).

Method of Breeding.--Synthetic variety developed from 18 selected, relatively selfincompatible clones. Five of clones originated

at United States Regional Pasture Research

Laboratory, ARS, University'Park, Pa. Firstand second-generation seed produced as for

Saratoga.

Description.--Similar to Saratoga, but not

quite so high in aftermath production.

Released.--No. To be continued under test.

OKLAHOMA (CHAPEL HILL)

Selected at SCSNursery, Chapel Hill, N. C.--

Paul Tabor and L. R. Roof.

Source.--Strains BN (Beltsville Nursery)

4415, 4416, 4417 (from Oklahoma), and SC

20-905 (collection made by Paul Tabor near

Roanoke, Va.).

Method of Breeding.--Selection of most

vigorous, disease-resistant plants from

Oklahoma strains and transplanting these with

Roanoke strain in isolated block.

Description. - -Vigorous, more southern

strain than other smooth brome varieties.

Released.--No. Seed distributed by SCS

Nursery, Chapel Hill, in 1949-

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Nnf available. (Seed available in western Kentucky under name **Chapel

Hill brome.•• Write Joe D. Little, Area Conservationist, SCS, Bowline Green, Ky., for

sources.)

OKLAHOMA 1

Selected at Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater. (See Southland.)

Source.--Selection made in 1942 from old

field of smooth brome (Kansas origin) established in 1936.

Method of Breeding.--Selection grown in

smooth brome nurseries from 1942 to 1948,

inclusive.

Description.--Tall, vigorous, late, leafy;

medium-heavy seed producer. Moderately free

of disease.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program. Discontinued in favor of Southland.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

PARKLAND

Selected at Dominion Forage Crops Laboratory, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Source.--Increased progeny of thirdgeneration inbred line descending from single

plant selected in 1923 along roadway near

Saskatoon.

Description.--Rhizomes present, but spread

restricted to about 60 percent of that of

Canadian common smoothbrome. Considerably

more sterile culms and lower seed yields

(40-50 percent) than Canadian common smooth

brome.

Released.--Canada Department of Agriculture.

Breeder Seed.--No longer available in original form. Forage Crops Laboratory, Saskatoon.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

SANDBURG

Selected in 1925-33 by Douglas Lytle,

Montrose, Colo., from ordinary or Canadian

common smooth brome.

Source.--Clarence Sandburg, Montrose, successor to Douglas Lytle.

Method of Breeding.--Selection of more

robust plants, blending, and increasing in

bulk.

Description.--Similar to Lincoln, but very

slightly earlier.

Released.--Seed sold by Lytle & Sandburg

and tested by Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Very little, if any, seed

now available.

SARATOGA

Selected at New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca--R. P» Murphy and S. S.

Atwood.

25
Source.--Wide collection of seed lots from

plant breeders in United States. Parental

clones: N. Y. 46-11, N« Y. 46-19, N.Y.46-92,

N. Y. 46-157, N. Y. 46-166.

Method of Breeding.--Synthetic variety developed from 5 selected, relatively selfinconnpatible clones. Breeder seed produced

in isolated plot from randomly planted vegetative pieces of 5 clones in 100 or more replications. Equal announts of seed fronn each parental

clone mixed together for breeder seed. Foundation seed first advanced generation from

breeder seed. Certified seed first advanced

generation from foundation seed and not eligible for use as planting stock for production of

any class of certified seed.

Description.--Vigorous, high seedling vigor,

early spring growth, quick recovery and high

aftermath production following cutting. Yielded

8 percent more in total season yield and 29

percent more in aftermath yield than Lincoln

when grown alone. Yielded same as Lincoln

when grown in mixture with alfalfa, but higher

proportion of mixture has been grass. Has

been similar to Lincoln in yield and quality

of seed and in resistance to brown spot and

scald, but superior to Canadian common smooth

brome and Manchar.

Released.-- 1955, by New York Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--New York Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

SOUTHLAND

Selected at Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater--W. B. Gernert,HiW.

Staten, M„ D, Jones, W. C. Elder, and Ro A.

Chessmore.

Source.--Small field of smooth brome (seed

of Kansas origin) seeded on Agronomy Farm

in 1936. Selections made from this field, and

other selections obtained from additional introductions. Original source of seed of selections rather obscure.

Method of Breeding.--Five open-pollinated

lines selected as showing superior characteristics and performance bulked for testing

as Oklahoma Synthetic.

Description.--Differences that generally

separate southern from northern types of

smooth brome accentuated in Southland. Rather

coarse, broad leaved, heavy stemmed. Individual plants average somewhat taller and somewhat later in maturity than average of other

southern types. Somewhat greater resistance

to leaf diseases than most standard southern

strains, but its chief advantage insignificantly

greater yielding capacity, greater seedling

vigor, and generally better adaptation to

southern conditions.

Released.--1953, by Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

WISCONSIN B-55

Selected at Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison, ARS cooperating--D.C.

Smith and E. L. Nielsen.

Method of Breeding.--Synthetic made up of

88 plants, following one or more generations

of inbreeding and selection. Parental clones

vigorous, strongly creeping, dark green, moderately tall, of medium leafiness.

Description.- -Approaches southern-adapted

strains in general morphological characteristics, equals southern strains in yield in

Wisconsin, and appears to possess greater

disease resistance than other named strains.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station.

WISCONSIN B-63

Selected at Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison, ARS cooperating--D.C.

Smith and E. L. Nielsen.

Method of Breeding.--Synthetic based on 44

plants selected following one or more generations of inbreeding and selection. Selected

plants tall, of medium earliness and texture.

Leafiness and creeping habit intermediate;

foliage medium to early in maturity.

Description.--Yielding capacity about same

as that of other varieties in Wisconsin, but

disease reaction somewhat better than that of

commercially available strains.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station.

Bromus marginatus Nees, mountain brome

BROMAR

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--A. L. Hafenrichter, A. c!

Law, and J. L. Schwendiman.

Source.--Native collection made at Pullman

in 1933 and assigned accession number WN-439.

Selection P-3368 from this accession used in

developing Bromar.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection with

screening for head smut resistance. Bromar

was 1 of 4 ecotypes among 69 accessions of

mountain brome tested.

De s c r i p t i o n.--Rapid-de veloping. I atematuring, perennial bunchgrass. Tall, erect,

vigorous, with medium-coarse stems and

abundant, broad, well-distributed leaves. When

compared -with commercial strain. Bromar is

26
taller, leafier, highly resistant to head smut,

Z weeks later in maturity; has more seeding

vigor; is earlier in spring recovery. Heavy

seed and forage producer, is compatible in

rate of growth with sweetclover, and has seed

that is readily deawned. Outstanding in performance in mixtures with sweetclover or red

clover for pasture or green manure in short

rotations.

Released.--1946, cooperatively by Washington, Idaho, and Oregon Agricultural Experiment Stations; Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman; and Crops Research Division, ARS.

Seed distributed for testing in 1940 as P-3368.

Breeder Seed.--Plant: Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

Bromus mollis L., soft chess

BLANDO

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pleasanton, Calif.--H. W. Miller and O. K.

Hoglund.

Source.- -Collected on May 21, 1940, from

winter-annual rangeland near San Ramon,

Calif., by D. J. Vanderwal.

Method of Breeding.--Tested in comparison

with 27 other collections of B. mollis by

Pleasanton Plant Materials Center and San

Fernando Nursery, SCS, Calif., since fall of

1940 as p.11657.

Description.--Winter-growing, heavy rootproducing, self-seeding annual grass for range

and brush-burn seeding and for conversion of

abandoned grainland to range. Primary advantage over other strains is its consistent

forage and seed production fronn year to year.

During unfavorable years demonstrated its

superiority by outperforming all other strains.

Although well adapted to low fertility sites,

responds exceptionally well to applications of

fertilizer. In relation to other strains tested,

is intermediate in time of maturity and suberect in growth habit.

Released.--Cooperatively by California Agricultural Experiment Station and Plant Materials Center, SCS, Pleasanton.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pleasanton.

Certified Seed.--Available.

Bromus tomentellus Boiss,

P-2447

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman.

Source.--P. I. 111530, from Institute of

Plant Industry, Leningrad, U. S. S. R., by

\Vestover-Enlow expedition in 1934.

Method of Breeding.--Developed by mass

selection through several generations.

Description.--Rapid-developing, early-maturing, short-lived, perennial bunch-type

brome. Leaves dark green, lightly pubescent,

abundant, mostly basal, and very low in

lignin content. Seed culms few and seed production relatively low after first season.

Seeds short awned. Outstanding spring recovery and rapid recovery after cutting.

Seedling vigor strong; strong root system

developed. Leaves remain green long after

seed matures. Appears to be best adapted to

conservation seedings on medium-textured

soils at elevations above 2,000 feet where

effective moisture is over 18 inches annually.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., buffalograss

MESA

Selected at United States Southern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla.

in cooperation with Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station. Stillwater--J. R. Harlan.

Source.--Female plant (1-2022) obtamed

frolinVildorado, Tex., by M. L. Peterson

in 1940. Male plant (2 X 2232-3) selected

in 1944 from progeny of c^^" 35-W-c

(from Hays, Kans.) X O-l (from Chillicothe,

Tex ) Method of Breeding.--Selection for superior

combining abilityDescription.--Fi progeny of cross between

clones 1-202Z and 2X2232-3. Seed fields must

be established from sod. Fj variable, but as

population is vigorous, spreads rapidly and

has apparently high yield of forage. Female

and male parents will be planted in seedproduction fields at ratio of 4 to 1. Female

parent vigorous and characterized by exceptional height of bur and outstanding shatter

resistance.

Released.--No.

Breeder Stock.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

r.^^rtified Seed.--Not available.

27
Cynodon spp.,

BAYSHORE (GENE TIFT)

Selected from Bayshore Golf Club, Miami

Beach, Fla.

Source.--Selected vegetatively from Bayshore Golf Club, Miami Beach, by Roy A.

Bair in 1945, and placed in evaluation nursery

at Florida Everglades Experiment Station,

Belle Glade, as Bayshore. At about same

time name ''Gene Tiff suggested for this

grass in tribute to man of same name who

propagated considerable quantities for distribution to golf courses in area. This synonomy continued among golf circles. This

selection among group transferred to Florida

Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville,

when present turf research program initiated

in 1952. Under new program established for

further evaluation and classification as FB 3.

Method of Breeding.--Reported to be by

natural crossing of native Florida turf-type

bermudagrass selections with selections of

Cynodon species from South Africa supplied

by John Monteith, Jr., then director of United

States Golf Association Green Section. Plots of

various introductions planted vegetatively

among native selections in test nursery at

Bayshore Golf Club just prior to World War II

by Fred Hurger, then superintendent of golf

course. Golf course closed during war and

grasses grew unattended. Golf course reopened after war and number of plant types

visible. This particular selection one of several

collected by Roy A. Bair for testing and

evaluation. Selection maintained vegetatively,

producing no appreciable quantity of viable

seed. Records on African introductions not

available, but it is believed to have been

African bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis

Davy).

Description.--Light-green, f in e-textured,

putting-green type of bermudagrass; seems

more adapted to southern than to northern

Florida. More upright in growth, produces

more clippings, yet inferior in turf quality

to Everglades 1 in tests at Gainesville. Still

marked improvement in putting-green quality

over common bermudagrass. Shows distinct

resistance to certain leaf spot diseases compared with common bermudagrass.

Released.--Not officially, although has been

distributed in golf-turf industry.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

COASTAL

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn

W. Burton.

Source.--F]^ hybrid between Tift bermudagrass (discovered by J. L. Stephens in old

cotton patch near Tifton in 19¿9) and tallgrowing introduction fromi South Africa.

bermudagrasses

Method of Breeding.--Parents interplanted

to allow for maximum natural crossing. Over

5,000 seedling plants carefully screened for

rnany traits. Few of best clones subjected to

numerous replicated tests giving measures of

their palatability, efficiency, yield potential,

management requirements, production under

grazing, etc. Tested as selection 35.

Description.--When compared with common

bermudagrass. Coastal has larger and longer

stems, stolons, and rhizomes; grows much

taller; is lighter green; has deeper and more

efficient root system;, is more resistant to

foliage diseases, root knot nematode, frost,

and drought; is much more efficient in nutrient

and water use; is more palatable and produces

nearly twice as much forage and animal products. This superiority holds throughout most

of Bermudagrass Belt, demonstrating wide

adaptation. Produces few seed heads that

rarely contain viable seed; must be propagated

vegetatively.

Released.--1943, cooperatively by Georgia

Coastal Plain Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Stock.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

Certified Stock.--Available in quantity.

EVERGLADES 1

Selected from Bayshore Golf Club, Miami

Beach, Fla.

Source.--Selected vegetatively from Bayshore Golf Club, Miami Beach, by Roy A. Bair

in 1945; placed in evaluation nursery at

Florida Everglades Experiment Station, Belle

Glade, as Everglades 1. Turf work at this

station discontinued in 1950; plant material

transferred to Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville, in 1952. This selection entered in testing program as FB 4.

Method of Breeding.--Reported to be by

natural crossing of native Florida turf-type

bermudagrass selections with selections of

Cynodon species from South Africa suppliedby

John Monteith, Jr., then director of United

States Golf Association Green Section. Plots

of various introductions planted vegetatively

among native selections in test nursery at

Bayshore Golf Club just prior to World War II

by Fred Hurger, then superintendent of golf

course. Golf course closed during war and

grasses grew unattended. Golf course reopened

after war and number of plant types visible.

This particular selection one of several collected by Roy A. Bair for testing and evaluation. Selection maintained vegetatively, producing no appreciable quantity of viable seed.

Records on African introductions not available,

but believed to have been C. transvaalensis.

Description.--Dark-green, uniform, finetextured, close-growing, vigorous, putting28
green type of bermudagrass of good quality;

appears adapted throughout Florida. Much

superior in turf quality to common bermudagrass and resistant to certain leaf spot diseases associated with common type.

Released.--Not officially, although has been

distributed in golf-turf industry.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

GREENFIELD

Selected at Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater.

Source .--Selected from among large number

of common strains collected from all parts of

Oklahoma. This particular selection found on

Station farm.

Description. - -Intermediate between coarse

and very fine types of common bermudagrass.

Exposed stolons purple; rhizomes short,

crooked, numerous, forming dense mat. Winter

hardy. Requires fertile soil especially high in

nitrogen, but one of chief advantages is its

ability to grow on less fertile soils. Propagated vegetatively.

Released.--1954, by Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Stock.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Stock. - - Available .

MIDLAND

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn

W. Burton.

Source.--Fj^ hybrid between cold-resistant

common bermudagrass from Indiana, supplied

by G. O. Mott, and Coastal bermudagrass.

Method of Breeding.--In 1942 enough seed of

cross--Indiana bermudagrass X Coastal bermudagrass--made to give 66 Fi hybrids evaluated for many characteristics beginning in

1943. Selection 13 most productive, more cold

resistant than Coastal, surviving two winters

at Lafayette, Ind., where Coastal bermudagrass winterkilled.

Description.--Taller, larger, leafier, more

disease resistant, producing more open sod

than common bermudagrass. Superior to common bermudagrass in most of good traits that

characterize Coastal. Midland (selection 13)

less productive than Coastal where latter does

not suffer stand loss because of winter injury.

Darker green, tends to produce more heads,

starts growth earlier in spring than Coastal.

Superiority over Coastal in tests at Stillwater,

Okla., led to its release in that State. Recommended for northern part of Bermudagrass

Released.--I953, cooperatively by Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; Georgia

Coastal Plain Experiment Station; and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Stocjc.--Georgia Coastal P\^^;i^x

périment Stati¿^. Foundation stock mamtained

at Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station,

Stillwater.

Certified Stock.--Available in quantity.

NK-3 7

Selected at Phoenix, Ariz., by Northrup

King and Company--Dale Grissom.

Source.--Seed harvested in about 1938 from

giant strain observed growing on island in

Colorado River near Yuma, Ariz. This seed

collection increased and tested in Hawaii,

where it performed very satisfactorily. Seed

produced for several years, but production

eventually discontinued.

Method of Breeding.--Superior plants selected from old, established production field

were moved to clonal nursery at Phoenix.

Plants selected on basis of superior growth

habit, vigor, disease resistance, and seed

productiveness. Bulk seedfrom selected plants

identified as NK-37 bermudagrass.

Description.--Tall, giant strain; double size

of common bernnudagrass in Yuma area.

Released.--Seed distributed for testing in

1957 and 1958.

Breeder Seed.--NorthrupKing and Company.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Limited

amount of seed available commercially.)

ORMOND

Selected from EUinor Village Country Club,

Ormond Beach, Fla.

Source.--Selected vegetatively by Roy A.

Bair in about 1946 from long-established

fairway showing superior turf performance

at EUinor Village Country Club. When entered

in testing nursery at Florida Everglades Experiment Station, Belle Glade, selection designated as Ormond. In 1952 when turf program

transferred to main station at Gainesville,

selection entered in comprehensive testing

nursery as FB 25.

Method of Breeding.--As far as can be

determined appears to have been natural

selection. Quite possibly it developed from

natural crossing of native and Arizona common bermudagrasses during World War II

when golf course was inactive and unattended.

As with most golf courses, maintenance records not complete enough to show practices

that might shed further light on history of this

selection.

Description.--Attractive blue green, vigoroui competitive, well adapted throughout

Florida. Medium texture, making it suitable

for golf tees and fairways as well as recreational areas. Grows uniformly, somewhat more

prostrate in habit than Tiflawn, less tendency

to produce thatch. Much superior to common

bermudagrass in turf performance, resistant

to certain leaf spot diseases associated with

common bermudagrass, but marked susceptibility to dollar spot disease.

29
Released.--Not officially, although distributed in golf-turf industry.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

SUNTURF

Increased at several experinnent stations

in Southeastern United States.

Source.--P. I. 184339, Cynodon magennisii

Hurcombe. Stolons presented by Mildred Wilman, Kimberley, South Africa, in 1949-

Description.--Perennial, fine leaved, dark

greeñÑ Low-growth habit, creeping stolons,

spreads rapidly, drought resistant, not shade

tolerant, produces few seed heads--so far no

seed found. Sometimes has rust.

Released.--1956, cooperatively by Alabama,

Arkansas, Oklahoma, and South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Stations.

Breeder Stock.--Alabama, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Stations at Auburn, Fayetteville,

Stillwater, and Clemson, respectively.

Certified Stock. - - Avail able.

S UW ANNEE

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment

Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn W.

Burton.

Source.--F] hybrid between Tift bermudagrass (discovered by J. L. Stephens in old

cotton patch near Tifton in 1929) and tatlgrowing introduction from South Africa.

Method of Breeding.--Parents interplanted

to allow for maximum natural crossing. Over

5,000 seedling plants carefully screened for

many traits. Few of best clones subjected to

numerous replicated tests giving measures

of their palatability, efficiency, yield potential,

management requirements, production under

grazing, etc. Tested as selection 99.

Description.--Similar to Coastal, except

more erect, makes more open sod, less weed

resistant, less tolerant of close grazing, but

more drought resistant and definitely superior

in productivity and efficiency of nutrient and

water use on deep sands. Released for use on

several million acres of these soils in South.

Released.--1953. cooperatively by Georgia

Coastal Plain Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Stock.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

Certified Stock.--Available in quantity.

TEXTURE IF

Selected at Texas Agricultural Experiment

Station, College Station--J. R. Watson and

E. C. Holt.

Source.--Golf course in Dallas-Fort Worth,

Tex., area. Tested as T-35A.

Method of Breeding.--Vegetative increase

of original collection.

De s c ripti on.--Fine-textured light-green

grass. Produces dense ground cover that tends

to be free of weeds. Relatively free of unsightly seed stems; makes good spring recovery. Susceptible to leaf diseases; for this

reason plantings in gulf coast and eastern

Texas areas not recommended. Does not have

extensive root system, so more susceptible

to drought than common bermudagrass.

Released.--1957, by Texas Agricultural Experinnent Station.

Breeder Stock.--Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Stock. - -Available.

TEXTURE 10

Selected at Texas Agricultural Experiment

Station, College Station--!. R. Watson and

E. C. Holt.

Source.--Corsicana Country Club, Corsicana, Tex. Tested as T-47.

Method of Breeding.--Vegetative increase of

original collection.

Description.--Medium textured, dark green.

Produces dense turf. Relatively free of seed

stems. Makes early spring recovery and tends

toward closer and shorter growth than common

bermudagrass. Better leaf-disease resistance,

resulting in better color in autumn. Sensitive

to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, turning straw color following application of these

materials. Recovers in 5 to 7 days with no

permianent dannage. Slower in producing cover

than common bermudagrass.

Released,--1957. by Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Stock.--Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Stock.- -Available.

TIFFINE

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment

Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn W.

Burton and B. P. Robinson.

Source.--Fj hybrid between Cynodon dactyl on (L.) Pers. and C. transvaalensis from

East Lakes Golf Course in Atlanta, Ga.

Method of Breeding. - -Out of extensive crossing efforts involving Tiflawn bermudagrass

(2n = 36) and African bermudagrass (2n =18)

came eight Fj hybrids (triploids, 2n = 27).

Thoroughly screened under lawn and golf-green

management and compared with superior selections of C^. dactyl on from golf courses.

Distributed for testing as Tifton 127.

Description.--Lighter green, more disease

resistance, and much finer texture than common bermudagrass. Superior for putting greens

and fine lawns. Completely male sterile, sheds

no pollen to annoy hay fever victims, and must

be propagated vegetatively.

Released.--1953. cooperatively by Georgia

Coastal Plain Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

30
Breeder Stock.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

Certified Stock.--Available in quantity.

TIFGREEN

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment

Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn W.

Burton, Jim Latham, and B. P. Robinson.

Source.--F^ hybrid between superior clone

from golf green at Charlotte Country Club,

Charlotte, N. C., and C^. transvaalensis from

East Lakes Golf Course in Atlanta, Ga.

Method of Breeding.--Best of several Fj

hybrids (triploids, 2n = 27 ), involving Charlotte

bermudagrass (Ç^. dactylon) (2n = 36) and African bermudagrass (2n = 18). Thoroughly evaluated in comparison with number of bermudagrasses under golf-green management. Tested

as Tifton 328.

Description.--Darker green and produces

better putting surface than Tiffine. Sinnilar in

other respects and also being used for fine

lawns.

Released.--1956, cooperatively by Georgia

Coastal Plain Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Stock.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

Certified Stock.--Available in quantity.

TIFLAWN

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment

Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn W.

Burton.

Source.--F^ hybrid between two selections

of bermudagrass from pasture-breeding research at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment

Station.

Method of Breeding.--Several hundred F^

hybrids between short, dense, dwarf selection

and larger disease-resistant type subjected to

thorough screening, which involved finally

evaluating best under lawn and golf-green

management. Tested as Tifton 57.

Description.--When compared with common

bermudagrass, Tiflawn spreads faster, makes

denser weed-free turf, more disease- and

frost-resistant, requires less fertilization,

and tolerates more wear. Particularly well

suited for heavy-duty turf and used on many

university football fields in South.

Released.--1952, cooperatively by Georgia

Coastal Plain Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Stock.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

Certified Stock.--Available in quantity.

U-3

Selected at Beltsville, Md., by United States

Golf Association Green Section, ARS cooperating--Fred V. Grau.

Source.- -Received from Savannah, Ga., by

John Monteith, Jr.

Method of Breeding.--Vegetative increase

of original collection followed by comparative

testing.

Description.- -Moderately fine leaved, cold

hardy; adapted for use on lawns, fields, park

areas, and golf-course tees and fairways.

Rapid spreading; produces durable turf and

has wide adaptation to soil and climatic

conditions.

Released.--Distributed in 1946-47 by Crops

Research Division, ARS; and United States

Golf Association Green Section.

Breeder Stock.--ARS, Plant Industry Station,

Beltsville, Md.

Certified Stock.--Available. (U-3 bermudagrass seed offered for sale, but produces

variable turf as would be expected.)

UGANDA

Increased by Fred V. Grau, College Park,

Md.; Plant Industry Station, ARS, Beltsville,

Md.; and several State agricultural experiment

stations.

Source.--P. I. 183551. Introduced through

efforts of John Plant, Cairo, Egypt, and R. T.

Jones, Atlanta, Ga., from Gezira Club in

Cairo.

Description. - -Fine -bladed, low-growing

bermudagrass; suitable for putting greens and

tennis courts. Very fine textured, relatively

slow spreading; tends to assume reddishpurple cast after first cool nights in fall.

Released.--Not officially. (Distributed for

testing.)

Breeder Stock.--Fred V. Grau, College

ParkT

Certified Stock.--Not available. (Available

commercially.)

Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass

AKAROA

Increased at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pleasanton, Calif.

Source.--Introduced from New Zealand.

Description.--Low growing, leafy, fine

stemmed: late maturing. Excellent forage production. Seed-producing habit erratic. Lacks

winter hardiness. Some seed lots tested in

Eastern United States relatively early with

respect to time of heading and flowering. ^ ./. .A Released.--Cooperatively by California Agricultural Experiment Station and Plant Materials Center, SCS, Pleasanton.

Breeder Seed.--California Agricultural Experiment Station, Davis. Foundation seed

maintained at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pleasanton.

Certified Seed.--Available.

31
AVON

Selected at Macdonald College, Quebec,

Canada.

Source,--Obtained from Sweden through

Swedish Farmers' Association in 1911.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection for

winter hardiness.

Description.--Early maturing; high level

of winter hardiness. Performed well in areas

having severe winters.

Released.- -Macdonald College.

Breeder Seed.--Macdonald College.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

BRACE

Developed by Swedish Seed Association,

Svalov, Sweden.

Source.--Single plant selection in material

from Germany.

Description.--Late, leafy strain; exhibits

good winter hardiness and drought resistance

in Sweden.

Released.--Swedish Seed Association. Included in regional testing program.

Certified Seed.--Not available in United

States.

FINNISH LATE HAY

Selected at Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst--W. C. Colby and

Hrant M. Yegian.

Source^.--Obtained from commercial seedsman in Turku, Finland, in 1939.

Method of Breeding.--Limited inbreeding of

selected plants; selection based on polycross

progeny performance.

Description.--Late maturing (week to 10

days later than common orchardgrass); upright growth habit; leafy (if adequately fertilized with nitrogen); winter hardy.

Released.--Distributed by Massachusetts

Agricultural Experiment Station and Eastern

States Farnners' Exchange (since 1955).

Breeder Seed.--Massachusetts Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.- -Not available. (In commercial production.)

HERCULES

Selected at Forage Crops Division, Experimental Farms Service, Ottawa, Canada--R. M.

MacVicar.

Source. - - Parent material of Russian origin.

Method of Breeding.--Line breeding originating fronn single plant selection.

Description.--Erect, tall growing, somewhat later in maturity than cominon. Comparatively leafy, with marked uniformity in

comparison with other types in same maturity

class. Considered to be more winter hardy

than most other named varieties. Where hardiness is problem, Hercules likely to be more

productive than most other types. Where less

hardy varieties survive, Hercules will not

prove to be superior in forage production.

Released.--1938, Canada Department of Agriculture.

Breeder Seed.- -Forage Crops Division,

Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity. (Some seed might be expected in 1959

from English sources.)

IOWA SYNTHETICS

Selected at Iowa Agricultural Experiment

Statton, Ames--R. R. Kalton and M. G. Weiss.

Source.--Parental clones selected from

long-time stands in fields and roadways in

central Iowa and south-central Minnesota in

1941 and 1943.

Method of Breeding.--Large collection of

clonal selections evaluated in clonal, inbred,

and outer OS s progeny tests for desirable

agronomic traits and combining ability. Clones

superior in forage and seed yield, hardiness,

recovery, and leafiness selected for recombination.

Description.--Vigorous, productive, winter

hardy. Midearly in maturity. Moderate disease resistance, good seedling vigor, somewhat drought hardy, good in stand establishment

and seed yield.

Iowa 1.--Re combination of clones 58, 60,

64, 120, 123, 149, 158, and 160 from Iowa and

76, 83, and 91 from Minnesota. (See Source.)

Iowa 6.--Recombination of clones 64, 120,

121, 123, and 160 from Iowa. (See Source.)

Released.--No. Included in regional festing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station.

KENTUCKY SELECT

Selected at Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington--E. N. Fergus.

Source.--Originated on farm of Fred Stutzenberger, Louisville, Ky. Had been grown on

Stutzenberger*s farm for several years.

Description.--Highest yielding naturalized

strain in tests conducted at Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.

Released.--Recommended for use and certification by Kentucky Agricultural Experiment

Station in 1931.

Certified Seed. - - Available.

KENTUCKY SYNTHETIC

Selected at Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington--R. C. Buckner.

Source.--Kentucky naturalized strains.

Method of Breeding.--Plants selected in

1952 from surviving plants of seven naturalized

strains that had been subjected to intensive

clipping treatments for 3 years. Seven strains

were highest yielding entries in tests, including

32
approximately 25 naturalized strains. About

400 plants removed from plots and isolated for

seed increase. Progeny performance of these

plants equal or superior to best of naturalized

strains in yield and agronomic performance

Increased for testing as Ky. 79G23.297.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program. ^

Breeder Seed.--Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.

LATAR

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS

Pullman, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman, R. j'.

Olson, and A. G. Law.

Source.--Original introduction from Institute of Plant Industry, Leningrad, U. S. S. R.,

as P.I. 111536, by Westover-Enlow expedi-'

tion in 1934.

Method of Breeding.--Grown for three generations in nurseries at Plant Materials Center; mass selection jointly by SCS, ARS, and

staff of Washington Agricultural Experiment

Station, Pullman, from spaced plantings in

fourth generation. Tested in uniform nurseries since 1951 as P-2453.

De scription. - - Late -maturing hay-type orchardgrass. Blooms and matures seed on

average of 10 to 14 days later than commercial

varieties. Abundant, broad, well-distributed,

noticeably light-green leaves. Vigorous and

high in vegetative production. Seed production

good. Lowest among seven orchardgrass varieties in lignin content and significantly higher

in digestibility.

Released.--1957, cooperatively by Washington and Idaho Agricultural Experiment Stations

and SCS Plant Materials Centers, Aberdeen,

Idaho, and Pullman.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Certified Seed.- - Available.

M2-11142

Selected at Iowa Agricultural Experiment

Station, Ames, SCS cooperating--I. J. Johnson

and M. E. Heath.

Source.--Parental clones selected from

long-time stands in fields and roadways in

central Iowa and south-central Minnesota in

1941.

Method of Breeding.--From collection of

100 clones, 10 superior in winter hardiness,

disease resistance, clonal yield, and openpollination progeny perfornnance selected for

reconmbination.

Description. - - Moderately productive and

winter hardy. Midearly in maturity. Fair disease resistance. Moderate seedling vigor,

drought resistance, and seed yield. Recombination of clones 13, 45, 54, 58, 60, 64, 66,

and 93 from Iowa and 82 and 91 from Minnesota. (See Source.)

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed,--No longer available. Small

amounts of seed produced by SCS Nurseries,

Ames and Ankeny, Iowa, from 1945 to 1953.

Certified Seed,--Not available.

NEW YORK SYNTHETIC D

Selected at New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca--R. P. Murphy.

Source. - -Selected from large group of clone s

originally selected at United States Regional

Pasture Research Laboratory, ARS, University Park, Pa., from wide collection of seed

lots. Parental clones: Pasture Laboratory

N. Y. 49-108(XLI-17), N. Y. 49-119(MXII-6

XXXVIII-2), N. Y.49-121(MXII-8XXXVIII.25),

and N. Y. 47-260(MIV-6).

Method of Breeding.--Developed from four

selected clones.

Description.--Late maturing; selected for

vigor, quick recovery, and resistance to foliar

diseases.

Released.--No. To be continued under test.

Breeder Seed.--New York Agricultural Experiment Station.

NEW YORK SYNTHETIC E (AURORA)

Selected at New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca--R. P. Murphy.

Source.--Selected from large group of clones

originally selected at United States Regional

Pasture Research Laboratory, ARS, University Park, Pa., from wide collection of seed

lots. Parental clones: Pasture Laboratory

N. Y. 49-107(XLI-13), N. Y. 49-127(MXII-14

AIV-21), N. Y. 49-134(XLII-l), andN„Y.49-

135(XLII-4).

Method of Breeding.--Developed from four

selected clones.

Description.- -Very late maturing; selected

for vigor, erect growth habit, and resistance

to foliar diseases. Somewhat light green in

spring and fall; starts growth later in spring

and stops growth earlier in fall than earlier

nnaturing varieties.

Released.--No. To be continued under test.

(Consideration given to release of this variety

under name *'Aurora." However, because of

low seed production, probably will not be

released.)

Breeder Seed.--New York Agricultural Experiment Station.

OREGON 233

Selected at Oregon Agricultural Experiment

Station, Corvallis, ARS cooperating--H. A.

Schoth.

Source.--Increase of ''selected grazing

strain No. 233'* obtained from Cartons, Ltd.,

Harrington, England, in 1936 as F. C 22364.

De scription.--Differs from common in being

33
finer and denser of leaf, higher in forage yield,

and lower in seed yield.

Released.--No, Included in regional testing

program for several years before it was

discontinued.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

PALESTINE

Increased at California Agricultural Experiment Station, Davis.

Source.--Accession nunnber T. O. 1638 received from G. L. Stebbins in 1947. Seed received from Samaria, Palestine.

Description.--Under nonirrigated conditions

in California, stronger winter grower than

common. Drought resistant, but lacking in

winter hardiness. Susceptible to rust, but not

serious problem on range.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--California Agricultural Experiment Station.

PASTURE LABORATORY SYNTHETICS,

1 THROUGH 7

Selected at United States Regional Pasture

Research Laboratory, ARS, University Park,

Pa.--W. M. Myers.

Source.--

Synthetic 1.--Collections made in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.

Synthetic Z.--Collections made in Pennsylvania and Maryland, and Canadian accession.

Synthetic 3.--Collections nnade in Vermont, and Canadian accession.

Synthetic 4.--Collections made in Pennsylvania, New York, and Maryland, also varieties Roskilde and Minerva.

Synthetic 5.--Tammisto, Tardus 2, and

Skandia II.

Synthetic 6.--Tamnnisto, Tardus 2, and

**Swedish Select grazing.**

Synthetic 7.--Selected from O. P. progenies at ses Nursery, Big Flats, N.Y. SCS

accession numbers lost in fire.

Method of Breeding.--Selections evaluated

in series of replicated polycross nurseries.

Thirty-eight clones isolated on basis of clonal

performance, and observational data obtained

from polycross progenies.

Description.- -Plants selected on basis of

winter hardiness, disease resistance, plant

type, recovery following mowing, and leafiness; arranged in seven synthetics according

to maturity.

Synthetic 1.--Seven clones: MI-13,MI-14,

MI-16, MI-17, MII-30, MII-34, MII-36. Average heading date May 31.

Synthetic 2.--Five clones: MI-19, MI-20,

MII-18, MII.29, MII-56. Average heading date

June 1.

Synthetic 3.--Four clones: MII-45, MII46, MTI-49, MII-50. Average heading date

June 3.

Synthetic 4.--Six clones: MIII-8, Mill-18,

MIII-20, MIII-21, MIII-22, MIII.24. Average

heading date June 6.

Synthetic 5.--Five clones: MIV-5, MIV-6,

MIV-11, MIV-14, and MIV-16.

Synthetic 6.--Three clones: MIV-14, MIV17, MIV-18. Average heading date June 10.

Synthetic 7.--Eight clones: XLl-6, XLI-8,

XLI-13, XLI-17, XLI-23, XLI-24, XLII-1,

XLII-4. Average heading date June 12.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program. Since clones included in new synthetics developed at Pennsylvania Agricultural

Experiment Station and New York Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Not available. Some clones

available at New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, and Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station, University Park.

PENNLATE

Selected at Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station; and United States Regional

Pasture Research Laboratory, University

Park, Pa., ARS cooperating--H. R. Fortmann

and H. L. Carnahan.

Source.--Clone MIV-5 (Pasture Laboratory

Synthetic 5), clone MIV-17 (Pasture Laboratory Synthetic 6), and clones XLI and XLII

(Pasture Laboratory Synthetic 7).

Method of Breeding.--Four-clone synthetic;

developed from tests including seven Pasture

Laboratory experimental synthetics and polycross progenies of component clones. Restricted polycross progenies tested in New

York and Pennsylvania. Strain Included in

testing progranns as Pennsylvania Late Synthetic III.

Description.--Vigorous, persistent, late

maturing. Produces higher yields and recovers better than other late maturing types.

Released.--1957, Pennsylvania Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Pennsylvania Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Available

in limited quantity by I960.)

PENNSYLVANIA SYNTHETICS

Selected at Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station; and United States Regional

Pasture Research Laboratory, University

Park, Pa., ARS cooperating--H. R. Fortmann

and H. L. Carnahan.

Source.--Early Synthetic I, clones MI-14,

MII-34, and MII-36 from Pasture Laboratory

Synthetic 1, and clone MII-56 from Pasture

Laboratory Synthetic 2. Medium Synthetic II,

clones MIII-8, MIII-18, MIII-20, and MIII-24

from Pasture Laboratory Synthetic 4.

34
Method of B re eding,- - Four - clone synthetics,

developed from tests including seven Pasture

Laboratory experimental synthetics and polycross progenies of component clones. Restricted polycross progenies tested in New

York and Pennsylvania.

Description.--Vigorous, persistent. Original selections made on basis of winter hardiness, disease resistance, plant type, recovery

following mowing, and leafiness.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.- -Pennsylvania Agricultural

Experiment Station.

POTOMAC

Selected at Plant Industry Station, ARS,

Beltsville, Md.--R. E. Wagner, M. A. Hein!

and P. R. Henson.

Source.--Plants collected in 1935 from old

pastures in Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania and from strain tests

conducted at Plant Industry Station.

Method of Breeding.--Collections screened

on basis of type, rust resistance, leafiness,

persistence, and vigor; in 1940, 8 plants of

predominately pasture type placed in one

isolation block (Maryland pasture strain) and

6 plants representing erect hay types placed

in another (Maryland hay strain). In 1945

plants selected fronn 3-year-old broadcast

plots of these 2 strains and established in

space-planted nursery together with equal

number of seedlings fronn each of 2 strains.

Nursery rogued and bulk seed collected for

testing as Beltsville orchardgrass. Potonnac

represents third cycle of mass selection fromi

1945 nursery.

Description. - -Dark green, leafy, erect, similar to connmercial lots in height. Productive;

superior persistence; rust resistance.

Released.--1955, by Crops Research Division, ARS, and cooperating experiment

stations.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Industry Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

S-37

Selected at Welsh Plant Breeding Station,

Aberystwyth, Great Britain.

Source.--Initial plant material selected on

basis of type rather than origin.

Description.--Hay type. Basic type plants

relatively erect and well leaved up stems,

giving more leafy hay than common Danish

orchardgrass. Late maturing; performs very

satisfactorily in association with legumes.

Shown some evidence of lack of persistence

in Eastern United States.

Released.--Welsh Plant Breeding Station.

Included in regional testing program and

recommended for use in certain States.

QertÍñed_Seed.--Available from Great Britain. Certified seed produced in Idaho and

Washington.

S-143

Selected at Welsh Plant Breeding Station,

Aberystwyth, Great Britain.

Source.--Based on indigenous plant of rather

extreme type, which was designated *'mop"

cocksfoot owing to dense broad cushions produced by individual spaced plants.

Method of Breeding.--Reselected. New lots

exnibit greater uniformity with respect to late

maturity and prostrate growth habit.

Description.--Late-maturing pasture type;

plants relatively spreading, with profusion

of tillers and broad leaves.

Released.--Welsh Plant Breeding Station.

Released in 1950, cooperatively by Idaho and

Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations

and ses Plant Materials Centers, Pullman,

Wash., and Aberdeen, Idaho.

Certified Seed.--Available from Great Britain. (Certified seed produced in several Western States.)

SANDIA

Selected at SCS Nursery, Albuquerque, N.

Mex.

Source.--A-10655. Selected plants from

**Brage'' NY-NI-25969, SCS Nursery, Big

Flats, N. Y.

Method of Breeding.--Selected more robust7~3rsëiLsë'^7rëë~'pîânts from row planting.

Plants dug and isolated for seed increase.

De sçription. - - Large, robust; grows well

with alfalfa. Good seed producer and apparently rust free.

Released.--1953, cooperatively by New

Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and

Nursery Division, SCS.

Breeder Seed.--SCS-New Mexico Cooperative Nursery, Los Lunas.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

TROGDON

Selected at Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station, Columbia, ARS cooperating--

E. Marion Brown.

Source.--Total of 344 plants selected in

1936 from sparse stand in 14-year-old field

near Springfield, Mo. Also plants from bluegrass lawn in Columbia.

Method of Breeding.--Source material transplanted on 1-toot centers and mowed semimonthly to height of 1 inch through 1937 and

1938. Twenty-four plants selected on basis

of recovery after each cutting and áize and

vigor at end of 2-year period of close defoliation. Selections transplanted to crossing

blocks--seed composited and used to establish

increase block.

35
Description.--Vigorous, persistent, not visibly distinguishable from connnnercial. Susceptible to leaf rust.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

progrann.

Breeder Seed.--Not available. Variety will

be discontinued.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

UTAH SYNTHETIC

Selected at Utah Agricultural Experiment

Station, Logan, ARS c o o p e r a t i n g--W.

Keller.

Source.--Developed from selections made

in controlled competition studies at Forage

Experiment Farm, Logan.

Method of Breeding.--Selection of 17 lateflowering plants from group of 50 chosen for

high yield and good recovery fronn 1,400 plants

grown under conditions of controlled connpetition. Nunnber of clones later reduced to

14, which were planted in isolation in restricted polycross block to produce seed.

Utah Synthetic-2 simply second synthetic generation of this same material.

Description.--Uniformly late, dark green,

with rather narrow leaves. Forage yield under

irrigated conditions compares favorably with

strains of sinnilar maturity.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Utah Agricultural Experiment Station.

WASHINGTON 88

Selected at Western Washington Agricultural

Experiment Station, Puyallup--M. S. Gründer.

Method of Breeding.--Sibs of single plant

selected after three generations of self-pollination. These sibs planted under isolation, and

seed produced from this nnass seeding provided foundation stock for Washington 88.

Strain lost during World War II; subsequently

reestablished with selections fronn foundation

field.

Description.--About 10 days later, less

variation between individual plants, leafier

than and almost as tall as conamon.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program for several years before it was discontinued.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

WASHINGTON H-2

Selected at Western Washington Agricultural

Experiment Station, Puyallup--M. S. Gründer.

Method of Breeding.--Two relatively infertile parent plants increased vegetatively

and interplanted under isolation to produce

Fi seed designated as hybrid 2. Twounrelated

parent plants each had background of four

generations ofselfing.

Description.- -Hybrid 2 slightly shorter when

fully developed. About 20 days later than common; appears suitable for use in mixtures.

Leafy and produces good yields of seed.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

progrann for several years before it was discontinued.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

WISCONSIN 52

Selected at Wisconsin Agricultural Experinnent Station, Madison, ARS cooperating--D. C.

Snnith and E. L. Nielsen.

Source.--Seed collections obtained in 1941

fronn 13 colonies throughout State from near

Chicago, 111., northward to Ashland, Wis.

Method of Breeding.--Spaced plants established fronn collections in spring of 1942.

Progenies left in field for three winters and

rogued of stemmy, nonleafy, and severely

diseased plants. Rennaining plants allowed

to interpollinate; mass seeded rows established in 1945. Very winter hardy in Wisconsin; otherwise similar to connmon.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Wisconsin Agricultural Experinnent Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Dlgitaria decumbens Stent, pangolagrass

Increased at Florida Agricultural Experinnent Station, Gainesville, ARS cooperating--

George Ritchey.

Source.--P. I. 111110 vegetative planting

material received from South Africa in 1935.

Method of Breeding.--Comparative tests

and pasture plots, 1941-42.

Description.- -Similar to crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), except perennial

and vigorously stoloniferous. Strictly warmweather grass for pastures, hay, or silage.

Does not produce seed and is propagated vegetatively. Adapted to peninsular area of Florida. Susceptible to winterkilling in northern

Florida.

Released.--1944, cooperatively by Florida

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Stock.--Florida Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Stock.--Not available. (Available

comnnercially.)

36
^h^^^^t^ çalj^çina Sm., perennial veldtgrass

Increased at California Agricultural ExperK

ment Station, Davis.

Source.--California accession number T, O.

1359; received from Australia in 1929.

Description.--Highly palatable, drought-resistant bunchgrass; adapted to light soils.

Does particularly well on sandy coastal soils'

in California. Seed production limited by

shattering.

Released.--Yes. Certified by California

Crop Improvement Association in 1947.

Breeder Seed.--California Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

NONSHEDDING

Selected at California Agricultural Experiment Station, Davis--R. M. Love.

Source.--Introduced by Agronomy Department from R. C. Rossiter, Perth, Western

Australia. Given accession number T. O. 1883.

(Seed lot further identified as P. I. 187309 -

1947 seed.)

Method of Breeding.--Original panicle selections now reduced to polycross consisting

of 25 clones.

De s cription. - -Experimental strain differing

from typical E. calycina in having contracted

panicles and retaining larger part of seed to

maturity. Little shorter than typical perennial

veldtgrass, but otherwise has same range of

variation in flowering date, habit of growth,

and fineness of foliage. Superior with respect

to both seed yield and seed quality.

Released.--No, Distributed for testing.

Breeder Seed.--California Agricultural Experiment Station.

Elymus canadensis L., Canada wildrye

MANDAN

Selected at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Mandan, N. Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Source.--Field collection made near Mandan

in 1935.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection within

two single plant progenies and distributed as

Mandan 419.

De s cription.--More and softer textured

leaves, shorter culnns, and longer lived than

common Canada wildrye.

Released.--1946, cooperatively by North

Dakota Agricultural Experinnent Station and

Crops Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed,--United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

M2.11108

Selected at Iowa Agricultural Experiment

Station, Ames, SCS cooperating--!. J. Johnson

and M. E. Heath.

Source.--Originated as seed increase under

isolation of single plant selection made southwest of Des Moines, Iowa, in 1940.

Method of Breeding.--From about 100 plants

selected from long-time stands inIowa in 1940,

one plant (clone 364) saved for increased purposes. All selections selfed and evaluated

clonally. Clone 364 considered superior, and

seed increase started in 1942. Several subsequent generations of seed increase made

by SCS Nurseries at Ames and Ankeny,

Iowa.

Description.--Uniform, leafy, vigorous; 10

days or more later in heading than Mandan

wildrye. Disease resistant; good seedling vigor.

Not thoroughly tested for agronomic merit.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Elsberry, Mo.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Elymus cinereus Scribn. and Merr.

P-5797

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman.

Source.--University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, in 1938.

Method of Breeding.--Selection of vigorous

types during several generations.

Description.--Robust, vigorous, blue. tall

growing, leafy. Broad, coarse leaves; large

stems and seed heads; good seed production.

Seed grows readily; good seedling vigor. Grows

well on saline and high pH soils.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

37
Elymus giganteus Vahl, giant wildrye

VOLGA

Selected at Plant Materials Center. SCS,

Pullman, Wash.

Source.--P, I. 108491. Lower Volga region,

U. S. S. R.; introduced by Westover-Enlow expedition in 1934. Propagated and tested as

p.208.

Method of Breeding.--Selection of most

vigorous plants from above introductionduring

several generations followed by vegetative

reproduction of most desirable type.

Description.--Tall, coarse, green, creeping;

nonpalatable to livestock. Long lived on inland

sand dunes, where it will stop sand movement

and provide permanent cover. Can be grown

from seed or propagated vegetatively. Rate of

increase from culms under proper cultural

conditions 15 to 1 in first year. When established from seed, seedlings show excellent

vigor.

Released. - -Vegetative material distributed

in ,1949 for inland dune control by Plant Materials Center, SCS, Pullman. Seed not released.

Breeder Seed.--Vegetative material and

seed from bulked selections, SCS Plant Materials Centers, Aberdeen, Idaho, and Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Material

available for vegetative plantings.)

Elymus glaucus Buckl., blue wildrye

LOMAS

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pleasanton, Calif.--Paul B. Dickey and O. K.

Hoglund.

Source.--Collected from native stand in

winter-annual rangeland near Sebastopol,

Calif., in 1935.

Method of Breeding.--Green glabrous plants

selected for field seeding and given SCS accession number P-10128. Selection outstanding

among 129 collections of blue wildrye. Improved by mass selection for several generations and tentatively nanned Lomas.

Description.--Early-maturing, long-lived

perennial bunchgrass, with low-fertility requirement. Bright green; forms open bunch;

leaves of medium width. On rangeland sites

to which it is adapted, has good seedling

vigor, begins growth early in fall, develops

rapidly during winter, and remains green 2-4

weeks after annuals dry up. Moderate grazing

essential to maintenance of stands.

Released.--No. Included in tests on annual

range area of California.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pleasanton.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Elymus junceus Fish., Russian wildrye

A-2514

Increased at SCS Nursery, Albuquerque,

N. Mex.

Source.--Received in 1935 from United

States Northern Great Plains Field Station,

ARS, Mandan, N. Dak.; given accession number A-2514.

Method of Breeding.--Bulk increase.

Description.--Variable population. Fair to

goô3 seed producer, but subject to unknown

blight that attacks base of seedstalks, causing

them to fall prior to seed set. Forage production as good as that of any other accession

tested.

Released. - -Distributed by SCS nurseries

and Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

MANDAN D-19

Increased at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Mandan, N. Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Source. - -Increase of P. I. 75737 received

in 1927 from Western Siberian Experiment

Station, Omsk, U. S. S. R. (Original recorded

introduction received through H. N. Vinall.)

Method of Breeding.--Best among several

introductions received up to 1940.

Description.--Typical of E. junceus introduced fronn U. S. S. R. Will probably be replaced by newer varieties.

Released. - -Distributed to other experiment

stations, and widely grown in United States.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity. (Most

often certified as commercial.)

MANDAN 2355

Selected at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, Mandan, ARS, N. Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Source.--Five parental clones represent

three separate introductions from U. S. S. R.

Method of Breeding.--Synthetic of 5 unrelated clones. At least 4 generations of selection on single plant basis in open-pollinated

and inbred lines preceded choice of each

parent. Progeny tests in yield plots and as

38
spaced plants used to measure effects of outcrossing with other 4 plants for each plant in

synthetic. All 5 clones good seed producers

and 3 of them produce exceptionally large

seed. ^

Description.--Forage yields equal to those

of commercial. Yielded 75 percent more seed

than commercial in tests conducted over 5-

year period. Weight per bushel of seed and

weight of 200 seeds slightly higher than weight

oi connmercial. ^

Released.--No. Will probably be released

in cooperation with North Dakota Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breei^rSeed. --United State s Northern Great Plains Field Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Available

in limited quantity by I960.)

Eragrostis chloromelas

A-84

Increased at SCS Nursery, Tucson, Ariz.--

C. G. Marshall and L. P. Hamilton.

Source.--Union of South Africa.

Released.--1950, cooperatively by Arizona

Agricultural Experiment Station and Nursery

Division, SCS.

Breeder Seed.- -Arizona Plant Materials

Center, Tucson.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

A-12752

Selected at SCS Nurseries, Albuquerque,

N. Mex., and Tucson, Ariz.--C. G. Marshall,

T. F. Spalier, and L. P. Hamilton.

Source.--Received as Eragrostis curvula

(Schrad.) Nees.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection practiced for bluish type.

Steud,, Boer lovegrass

De scription. - -Vigorous strain of Boer lovegrass. Heads have more dense panicle branches

than A-84; equally cold hardy.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Arizona Plant Materials

Center, Tucson.

Certified Seed.-.Nnt available.

OKLAHOMA 4880

Increased at Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater, ARS cooperating--

J. R. Harlan.

Source.--A-12751 from SCS Nursery, Albuquerque, N. Mex. This lot probably same as

one tested in western Oklahoma since 1948.

Description.--More cold tolerant than most

accessions of this species; drought tolerance

suggests it naay be useful inparts of Southwest.

Released.--No. Increased for testing only.

Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees, Lehmann lovegrass

A-68

Increased at SCS Nursery, Tucson, Ariz.--

C. G. Marshall.

Source.--Seed sent to F. J. Crider by M.

Willman, Kimberley, Union of South Africa.

Description.--Seedlings volunteer and tolerate adverse conditions better than other

lovegrasses. More drought tolerant but less

cold tolerant than Boer or weeping lovegrass.

Released.--1950, cooperatively by Arizona

Agricultural Experiment Station and Nursery

Division, SCS.

Breeder Seed. - -Arizona Plant Materials

Center, Tucson.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

COLD HARDY

Increased at SCS Nurseries, Albuquerque,

N. Mex., and Tucson, Ariz.--L. P. Hamilton

andT. F. Spalier.

Source.--A-14108 represents mixed seed

of P.I. 165734 and S. P.I. 092037 produced

at United States Southern Great Plains Field

Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla. A-14107 designated as first cold-hardy strain received

from USDA. A-14108 and A-14107 bulked at

Tucson.

Description.--Plants resemble A-68, but

have denser basal leaf development. Panicle

shorter and more densely branched. Less

tendency for stolons. Seedlings develop less

rapidly as in Boer lovegrass. Plants more

cold hardy than A-68, being equal to Boer

lovegrass. Seed fill good at Albuquerque and

Snowflake, Ariz., but poor at Tucson.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Arizona Plant Materials

Center, Tucson.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

HARDY

Increased at United States Southern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla.,

in cooperation with Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station, Stillwater--!. R. Harlan.

Source. - -Unnumbered accession obtained in

1947; 19 plants set out in 1948, and seed of

survivors increased. Seed sent to SCS Nursery, Albuquerque, N. Mex., where it overwintered in contrast to other strains of same

species.

39
Description«--Hardier than most strains;

proved remarkably drought resistant in western Oklahoma tests during great drought of

1950's.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

KALAHARI

Increased at SCS Nursery, Tucson, Ariz.--

L. P. Hannilton and Darwin Anderson.

Source.--From Kalahari Desert, South

Africa; introduced as P. I. 198581. Included in

testing program as A-14328.

Description.--More productive than A-68

when mioisture available. Slightly taller, but

no leafier when grown under moisture stress;

strains similar in other respects.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Arizona Plant Materials

Center, Tucson.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt. ) Wood, sand lovegrass

A-11527

Increased at SCS Nursery, Albuquerque,

N. Mex.

Source.--Received originally from SCS

Nursery, Woodward, Okla. Probably southern

Kansas source.

Method of Breeding.--None. Bulk increase.

In 1949 field selection of early-maturing

plants made near Hcixtun, Colo. This lot

labeled A-11527; 2 weeks earlier in seed

maturity than bulk increase. Forage production in first year superior to that of any

northern strains tested.

Description.--Original bulk production is

good southern strain adapted to eastern New

Mexico, central and southeastern Colorado.

Will not mature satisfactory seed crop in

northeastern Colorado.

Released.--1940, cooperatively by New

Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station and

Nursery Division, SCS.

Breeder Seed.--SCS-New Mexico Cooperative Nursery, Los Lunas.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

NEBRASKA 27

Increased at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, ARS and SCS cooperating--L. C. Newell and E. C. Conard.

Source.--Collection from native meadow

in northern Holt County, Nebr.

Method of Breeding.--Selections moved to

Lincoln Nursery in 1935 by L. C. Newell and

Elver Hodges. Seed from these plants later

increased at North Platte and Waterloo Nurseries, Nebr., by E. C. Conard.

Description.--Winter-hardy, relatively

long-lived strain of sand lovegrass. In Nebraska plantings, survived and maintained

stands superior to plantings made with seed

fronn more southern sources. Well adapted

to range of soil types. Application of phosphorus fertilizers to sandy soils of low fertility will usually increase yields of forage

and seed. Produces highly palatable nutritious

forage. Best used in mixtures with other

warm-season native grasses, such as gramas

or bluestems.

Released.--1949, cooperatively by Nebraska

Agricultural Experiment Station; Crops Research Division, ARS; and Nursery Division,

SCS.

Breeder Seed.--Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.- - Available.

WOODWARD STRAINS

Selected at United States Southern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla.,

in cooperation with Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station, Stillwater--J. R. Harlan.

Five lines distributed over years. W2 and

W5 taken to El Reno, Okla., for more extensive testing. W2 proved to be far inferior in

both forage and seed to W5, which is being

compared to common for seed production.

Unless W5 turns out to be better seed producer than common, believe none of these

strains an improvemient. W5 available in

considerable quantity; others dropped.

Wl

Original field selection by Jack E. Engleman;

later reselected. Tall, vigorous, large-seeded

type; somewhat shatter resistant.

W2

Selection 45-5343. Short selection. On poor

soil retains dark-green color when other

strains show some chlorosis. Deeply pigmented panicles.

W3

Selection 45-5350. Leafy strain of medium height, open purple panicle, good seed

producer.

W4

Selection 45-5344. Leafy, medium height,

good seed producer.

W5

Re combine s five plants from single plant

selection family (85-5088-5092, incl.). Tall,

vigorous, leafy, dark green.

40
Festuca arundinacea Schreb., tall fescue

ALTA

Selected at Oregon Agricultural Experiment

Station, Corvallis, Oreg., ARS cooperating--

H. A. Schoth.

Source,--In 1918 some of more promising

lines of tall fescue from nursery at Pullman,

Wash., established at Corvallis. Seed obtained

from Max Heinricks, Pullman. Three lines

used--P. I. 19728, P. I. 24838, and P. 1.25206.

P. I. 19728 received on January 24, 1907,

from A. LeCoq &t Company, Darmstadt, Germany. P. I. 24838 from commercial lot of

about 500 pounds of seed purchased from

Peppard Seeds, Inc., Kansas City, Mo., on

March 9, 1909. P. I. 25206 from lot of seed

presented by George Bitter, director of Botanic Garden, Bremen, Germany. This lot

received by Plant Introduction Section, USDA,

on March 26, 1909.

Method of Breeding.--Evolved as ecotype

selection. Material mentioned above planted

in spring of 1918. Noted to have made exceptionally fine growth during first season.

Received special mention in annual reports

during 1919, 1920, 1921, and 1922. In winter

of 1922-23 it suffered severe winterkilling.

Surviving plants put together and became

source seed of Selection 7. In 1927 designation of Selection 7 changed to FC 29366. Remained under this selection number until

given name **Alta'* in 1940. Recognized because of ability to remain green during dry

summers in western Oregon and high yields

of forage.

Released.--1940, cooperatively by Oregon

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

ALTA 4-36

Selected at Oregon Agricultural Experiment

Station, Corvallis, ARS cooperating--H. A.

Schoth and H. H. Rampton.

Source.--Alta tall fescue.

Method of Breeding.--Fifty selections from

Alta variety. Selections grown under isolation;

outstanding individuals selected from result-

'"1>n:?r;i"n.-Mo,e d=»s= ...n AUa wUh

finer leaí. Approximately equal to j^\^^ ^^

forage yield and crude protein content, but

'TJeasl"-'-No."'l.clud.d in regional testing

''B^r_^eed.-.Oregon Agricultural Expériment Station.

ALTA 144

Increased by Charles H. Lilly Seed Company, Seattle, Wash.

Source.--Origin obscure, but believed to

trace to Alta tall fescue seed obtained from

Corvallis, Oreg.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (No longer

in commercial production.)

ASHEVILLE

Increased at SCS Nursery, Americus, Ga.--

Paul Tabor and J. D. Powell.

Sour ce.- - Collection from naturalized stand

5 miles southwest of Asheville, N. C. Grown

under experinnental number SC 20-764.

De s cription. - -Strain of tall fescue. More

stable to adverse changes in environnnent than

Kentucky 31 or Alta. Yield not greater than

that of Kentucky 31 or Alta. Minimum cold

required somewhat greater. Observed superior to other kinds on soils that become too

wet in winter and on rich soils during cold

of winter.

Released.--Seed distributed by SCS in 1952.

Breeder Seed.--SCS Nursery, Americus.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

GOAR

Selected at Imperial Valley Experiment

Station, El Centro, Calif.--L. G. Goar.

Source.--Original material came from D.

Dagen of Budapest, Hungary, to Professor

Southworth of University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Received by P. B. Kennedy of

California Agricultural Experiment Station,

Davis, in March 1925. Accession number

T. O. 899.

Method of Breeding.--Planted at El Centro

in 1941; tall fescue types selected. Seed of

this type received from L. G. Goar by Plant

Materials Center, SCS, Pleasanton, Calif., and

assigned accession number P-13847. Tested

there in cooperation with California Agricultural Experiment Station since 1946.

description.--Early-maturing, vigorous,

rather coarse bunchgrass, with high fertility

level. Strong seedling vigor; well adapted to

heavy-textured alkali soils. Grows better during periods of high summer temperature than

do other strains of tall fescue.

Released.--Certified by California Crop Improvement Association in 1946.

Breeder Seed.--California Crop Improvement Association and Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pleasanton.

Certified Seed.--Available.

KENTUCKY 31

Increased at Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Lexington--E. N. f^"gus.

Source.--William Suiter's farm in Menifee

Co'IííiíTrKy. Collected by E. N. Fergus in 1931

for testing at Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Apparently grown on Suiter s

farm since 1887.

41
Description.--Wide adaptation to soil types

and temperature extremes. Suited to upper

South, where remains green all year with

occasional exception of midsummer months.

Very productive, but not too palatable. Excellent for erosion control.

Released.--Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

KENTUCKY 59G1-32

Increased at Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington--E. N. Fergus and

R. C. Buckner.

Source.--Naturalized variety from southeastern Kentucky.

Description.--Similar in appearance to Kentucky 31, but appears to develop sod that is

somewhat more dense. Produced slightly

higher yields than Kentucky 31, especially in

older stands.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

NCS-511

Increased at SCS nurseries in southeastern

region.

Source.--Roadside collection, Haywood

County, N. C, by W. H. Rankin in about 1940.

Description.--More prostrate and later by

7-10 days than either Kentucky 31 or Alta.

Reported to be inferior southof North Carolina

to other varieties of tall fescue.

Released.--Distributed by Plant Materials

Centers, SCS, for testing purposes.

Breeder Seed.--Not available, except for

few grams of seed at North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

NEW ZEALAND

Increased at Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan--Kling Anderson.

Source.--Seed collected from individual

plants in New Zealand.

Description.--Very late, coarse type.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Industry Station, ARS,

Beltsville, Md.

TENNESSEE STRAINS

Selected at Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, Knoxville--J. K. Underwood.

Source.--Kentucky 31 tall fescue.

Method of Breeding.--Inbred 2 years and

strains having similar characteristics crossed

by transplanting side by side and either caging

or bagging.

De s eription.- - ( 1 ) Fine leaved, leafy, productive; has not been submitted to palatability

test. (2) Low silicon line (0.97 percent); leaves

very long, broad, flagged; early heading; very

productive. (3) High silicon line ( 1.28 percent);

leaves narrower, stiff pointed, not flagged;

7-10 days later than (2) in heading and ripening of seed.

Released.--No. Seed not available at present

for testing purposes.

Festuca elatior L., meadow fescue

ENSIGN

Selected at Forage Crops Division, Experimental Farms Service, Ottawa, Canada--R. M.

MacVicar.

Source.--Basic nursery established from

seed lots obtained from various European

sources.

Method of Breeding.--Synthetic variety built

up by combining several desirable clones selected in selfed-line breeding program.

Description.--Tall, upright, with uniform

type of growth; leafy basal growth. Considered

equal to most other strains in forage production; outstanding in seed production.

Released.--1944, Canada Department of

Agriculture.

Breeder Seed.--Forage Crops Division,

Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

Festuca idahoensis Elmer, Idaho fescue

P-6435

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--R. J. Olson and J. L.

Schwendiman.

Source.--Collected from native Ponderosa

pine-grassland association near Winchester,

Idaho, by Donald Hedrick in 1938.

Method of Breeding.--Accession outstanding among 61 collections. Improved by mass

selection during several generations.

Description.--Vigorous, long-lived perennial; bunch-type fescue. Excellent seedling

vigor, strong root system. Dark-green, basal,

abundant leaves. Seed culms spreading, abundant, up to 36 inches in height. Large, awned

42
seeds. Seed production much better than that

ot any strain previously found.

Released...No. Included in variety tests.

|r^^^r_Seed..-Plant Materials Center,

bOS, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Nnf available.

Festuca ovina L., sheep fescue

P-274

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS.

Pullman, Wash.-.J. L. Schwendiman.

Source.--P. I. 109497; south of Konya, Turkey; introduced by Westover-Enlow expedition

in 1934.

Method of Breeding.--Selections frnrv. «p^^^^

plantings in which aberrant types eliminated.

Description..-Dwarf, blue green, densely

tufted, erect growing, with abundant fine stems

and dense, short, stiff, harsh, abundant basal

leaves. Adapted to dry sites in 8- to 14-inch

rainfall areas and at high altitudes.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

ses, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

^^st^ca ovina var. duriuscula (L. ) Koch, hard fescue

P.2517

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman Wash.--V. B. Hawk and J. L.

S chwendiman.

Sour ce.--Collected from old planting on

Eastern Oregon Livestock Experiment Station,

Union, Oreg., in 1934 by V. B. Hawk.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection for

several generations.

De s eription.- -T all, semierect growing, densely tufted perennial bunchgrass. Differs from

sheep fescue in its smoother, wider, longer,

firmer leaf blades. Large form of sheep fes cue;

closely related to chewings fescue, but more

drought resistant and more densely tufted.

Heavy root producer, shade tolerant. Basal,

harsh foliage. Consistently high seed production. Primary use is for soil protection on

roadsides, ditchbanks, and as soil-improvement understory grass in orchards. In mixtures with alfalfa for hay, it is very heavy

root producer. Widely adapted to rainfall

areas of 14-30 inches and to well-drained

irrigated soil.

Released.--1949, cooperatively by Washington, Idaho, and Oregon Agricultural Experiment Stations and Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

Festuca rubra L., red fescue

CLATSOP,

Selected at Astoria Nursery Unit, SCS,

Warrenton, Oreg., in cooperation with Oregon

Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis--

Robert L. Brown.

Source.--Maritinne race collected from

sandy plain at Florence, Oreg., in 1939.

Method of Breeding..-Seed collected from

single plant in space-planted nursery. Increased under isolation as P-7153.

Description.--Narrow leaved, dark green,

moderately tall, moderately rhizomatous. High

forage and seed yield. Remains green throughout summer, hence fire resistant. No evidence

of susceptibility to common diseases; cold

tolerant.

Released.-.No. Used in comparative strain

tests in Western States. Used for permanent

grass coyer on sta^bilized coastal dunes in

Oregon«

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Corvallis.

DURATURF

Selected at Forage Crops Division, Experimental Farms Service,Ottawa, Canada-.Ro M.

MacVicar.

Sour ce..-Scandinavian material.

Method of Breeding...Mass selection.

De s cription..- Comparatively uniform, with

dense bottom growth. Outstanding attribute

is seed-producing ability- Because of uniformity, somewhat easier to harvest than

more variable strains.

Released... 1943, Canada Department of

Agriculture.

Breeder Seed..-Forage Crops Division,

Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.

Certified Seed...Not available. (Some of

commercial creeping red fescue seed pro.

duced in Canada derives from this variety.

Unlikely to stay in production as pedigree

strain.)

43
ILLAHEE

Selected at Oregon Agricultural Experiment

Station, Corvallis, ARS cooperating--H. A.

Schoth,

Source.--Seed lot imported in 1937 from

England by Oscar Loe, Silverton, Oreg.

Method of Breeding.--Comparative tests at

Corvallis and Belts ville, Md.

Description.- -Turf variety, with fine stems

and leaves, slow rate of spread. Produces

dense, uniform, fine-textured turf. At Beltsville established more rapidly from fall seeding and more cold tolerant than five varieties

of red fescue, including Oregon-grown commercial with which it was compared.

Released.--1950, cooperatively by Oregon

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

OLDS

Selected at School of Agriculture, Olds,

Alberta, Canada.

Description.--Growth habit erect to spreading; perennial with short rootstalks. Few

fertile shoots 35 to 60 cm. tall; relatively

numerous long-leaved sterile shoots. Hardy

to temperatures common throughout western

Canada. Moderately drought tolerant; not subject to disease in Alberta. Recommended for

use in lawns, fairways, pastures, and for

soil conservation.

Released.--School of Agriculture, Olds.

Certified Seed.--Available. (Certified in

Canada and Pacific Northwest.)

PENNLAWN

Selected at Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station, University Park--H. B.

Musser.

Source.--Individual plants selected from

university golf-course fairways. This turf

seeded approximately 30 years previously

with seed of European origin.

Method of Breeding.--Screening tests of

source material received from England,

Hungary, Canada, and United States. Sod plugs

collected from established turf and included

in tests. Turf-quality tests of approximately

50 strains established at University Park and

Beltsville, Md. Three superior strains (on

basis of data from two locations) isolated for

increase. Strains identified as F-55(38), F74(38), and F-78(38).

Description.--Synthetic variety; produces

better turf than any of original parents. Not

immune to leaf spot diseases, but decidely

tolerant of them; not attacked severely and

recovers rapidly. Good foliage density, rapid

spread, ability to withstand close clipping.

Released.--1954, by Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed. - - Pennsylvania Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available.

RAINIER

Selected at Oregon Agricultural Experiment

Station, Corvallis, ARS cooperating--H. A.

Schoth.

Source.--Accession received in 1938.

Description.--High seed yielder, stiff stems,

good turf developer, long lived, uniform dark

green, rapid grower; resistant to' common

leaf, stem, and head diseases in Pacific

Northwest.

Released.--1944, cooperatively by Oregon

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station.

CenifiedSeed.--Available.

Lolium multiflorum Lam., Italian ryegrass (Also L. multiflorumX L. perenne and

L. multiflorum X L. rigidum) ~

FLORIDA RUST RESISTANT

Selected at North Florida Branch Experiment Station, Quincy--T. E. Webb.

Source.- -Selections from domestic ryegrass

and introductions.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection.

De s cription. - -Rapid developing; rust resistant. Appears to be in same early-maturity

class as La Estanzuela; equals or surpasses

it in rust resistance.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--North Florida Experiment

Station, Quincy.

GULF

Increased at Rice-Pasture Experiment Station, Beaumont, Tex., ARS cooperating--R. M.

Weihing. ^

Source.--P. I. 193145, introduction of La

Estanzuela 284 received from Uruguay.

Method of Breeding.--Comparative tests.

Description.--See La Estanzuela 284. Introductions varied in percentage of rustresistant plants and in earliness. P. I. 193145

performed very well at Beaumont; relatively

uniform as to maturity; relatively high percentage of rust-resistant plants.

44
Released.--1958, cooperatively by Texas

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Rice-Pasture Experiment

Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

H-1

Selected at Plant Research Bureau, Grasslands Division, Palmerston North, New

Zealand.

Source.--Selection from artificial hybrid

between L. multiflorum X L. perenne.

De s eription. - - Combine s high productive capacity and palatability of Italian ryegrass with

some of permanence of perennial ryegrass.

*'Short-rotation" ryegrass; exhibits ability

for winter production under New Zealand conditions superior to that of either parent.

Requires good soil fertility.

Released.--In New Zealand. Included in

regional testing program.

Certified Seed.--Not generally available in

United States.

LA ESTANZUELA 284

Selected at La Estanzuela Experiment Station, Colonia, Uruguay.

Description.--Annual; exhibits appreciable

amount of rust resistance. Relatively early;

more susceptible to cold injury than domestic

ryegrass.

Released.--In commercial production in

Uruguay. Several accessions played inmportant

role in ryegrass-breeding programs in United

States. These include T. O. 1882, obtained by

R. M. Love, California Agricultural Experiment Station, Davis; P. I. 193145, obtained by

0. S. Aamodt, Crops Research Division, ARS,

Beltsville, Md.; and P. I. 201980, presented

by Albert Boerger, La Estanzuela, Colonia.

Certified Seed.--Not available in United

States.

RYE GRASS 12

Selected at Plant Research Bureau, Grasslands Division, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Increased at California Agricultural

Experiment Station, Davis, in 1943.

Source.--Selections from artificial hybrid

between L. multiflorum X L.. perenne.

Description.--Morphologically intermediate

between parents. Variable; starts growth early

and described as remaining green longer than

annual ryegrass.

Released.--In New Zealand. Included in regional testing program.

Certified Seed.--Not generally available in

United States.

STONEVILLE RUST-RESISTANT STRAINS

Selected at Delta Branch Experiment Sta-

¿''\r ^^^^^ville» Miss., ARS cooperating--

H. W. Johnson, H. W. Bennett, and C. L.

Blount.

Source.--P. I. 194395 introduced from Uruguay (contained 35.percent rust-resistant

plants when random population of seedlings

moculated in greenhouse). P. I. 201980, introduction of La Estanzuela 284, obtained

from Uruguay (contained 51-percent rustresistant plants).

Method of Breeding.--

i=itrain 1.--Synthetic consisting of five

open-pollinated lines selected from P. I.

194395. When grown in progeny row nursery

at McNeill, Miss., in 1953-54, these lines remained practically free of crown rust. In

greenhouse tests at Stoneville five lines had

following percentages of rust-resistant plants:

100, 95, 90, 86, and 83.

Strain 2.--Synthetic consisting of two S-2

lines derived from individual selfed plant of

P. I. 194395. In greenhouse tests these lines

contained 92- and 96-percent resistant plants.

Strain 3.--Synthetic consisting of three

S-3 lines from one S-2 plant of P. I. 201980.

In greenhouse tests these lines contained 96-,

91-, and 88-percent resistant plants.

Description.--Strains 1, 2, and 3 appear as

productive as domestic ryegrass in tests conducted at Stoneville. Superior to La Estanzuela

284 in rust resistance.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Delta Branch Experiment

Station.

TIFTON 1

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Homer

Wells.

Source.--Westerwold's ryegrass.

Method of Breeding.--Five plants that appeared to be immune to rust selected from

artificial inoculationtests. Progenies screened

for rust in artificial tests; selections made

to repeat cycle. Field selection being practiced for resistance to leaf spot diseases.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

WIMMERA

Increased by Western Australian Department of Agriculture.

Source.--Naturalized in Wimmera-Mallee

areas of Victoria, Australia. Possibly hybrid

between L. rigidum and L. multiflorum. Seed

45
obtained from F. H. Brunning, Ldt*, Melbourne,

Australia. Increased at Plant Materials Center, ses, Pleasanton, Calif., and San Fernando

Nursery, SCS, San Fernando, Calif., as P11419--D. J. Vanderwal and Paul E. Lenrimon.

Description.--Variable in type, ranging from

L. rigidum to L. multiflorunn. Dominant type

assumes upright growth, with rigid genicuiate

stems, but plants with sprawling growth and

branched stems and seed heads also occur.

Capable of good growth under adverse conditions, and will complete its life cycle in

very short growing seasons. P-11419 maintained at Pleasanton selected for greater uniformity in type.

Released.- -Department of Agriculture, Victoria. Used in soil-conservation districts in

southern California in short-^rotation dryland

seedings and for quick, but short-lived, cover

on burns.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pleasanton.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Incommercial production.)

Lolium perenne L., perennial ryegrass

NORLEA

Selected at Forage Crops Division, Experinnental Farms Service, Ottawa, Canada--R. M.

MacVicar.

Source.--Worldwide collection of seed lots.

Method of Breeding.--Repeated selection and

progeny evaluation through 6 generations. In

final synthesis 12 proven clones involved.

Description.--Sufficient hardiness to survive and to be productive in areas where heretofore species was of little or no value. Leafy,

somewhat later in maturity than short-ley

ryegrass strains. Susceptible to leaf rust in

some areas, but susceptibility does not appear

to affect yield, since it consistently outyielded

other varieties in forage and seed production.

Released.--1958, Canada Department of

Agriculture.

Breeder Seed.--Forage Crops Division,

Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Some seed

should be available in I960.)

P-312

Increased at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.

Source.--P. I. 107071 from Turkestan,

U. S. S. R.; introduced by Westover-Enlow expedition in 1934. Labeled **Lolium rigidium**;

reidentified in 1938 as L. remotum Schrank;

subsequently classed as L. perenne.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection for

several generations.

De s c ription. - - Con sistently more winter

hardy, more productive, and longer lived than

other strains of perennial ryegrass at Pullman. Uniform; free from annual and shortlived plants. Erect growing, leafy, completely

awnless.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.- - Plant Materials Center,

SCS, and Washington Agricultural Experimient

Station, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

S-23

Selected at Welsh Plant Breeding Station,

Aberystwyth, Great Britain.

Source.--Material obtained from old grazed

pastures (Midlands, Kent, Lincolnshire, England; Wales; Holland).

Description.--Spreading growth, late flowerin¿ThîgïïTnTêring, dense, leafy. Very persistent under grazing.

Released.--Welsh Plant Breeding Station.

Included in regional testing program.

Certified Seed.--Available from Great

Britain.

S-24

Selected at Welsh Plant Breeding Station,

Aberystwyth, Great Britain.

Source. - - Bas ed primarily on two wild plants,

but not from old grazed pasture. These plants

interbred and further *'native" basic plant

material added. Also some plants from produce of Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, seed

selected and incorporated in strain.

Description.- -In Great Britain more persistent and leafier than most ordinary strains.

Capable of producing heavy crops and good

aftermath. Starts growth earlier than nnost

ordinary strains.

Released.--Welsh Plant Breeding Station.

Included in regional testing program.

Certified Seed.--Available from Great

Britain.

S-101

Selected at Welsh Plant Breeding Station,

Aberystwyth, Great Britain.

Source.--Based entirely on plants derived

from very old pastures of Midlands and Kent,

England.

Description.--Flowers only slightly earlier

than those of S-23; plants less spreading, leaf

blades longer and often broader. Leafy dualpurpose strain approaching hay type.

Released.--Welsh Plant Breeding Station.

Included in regional testing program.

Certified Seed.--Available from Great

Britain.

46
Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. and Schult.) Ricker, Indian ricegrass

P-2575

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman.

Source«--Native collection made in 1935,

5 miles south of White Bird, Idaho.

Method of Breeding.--Selected from among

152 accessions for its good vegetative characteristics and low hard-seed content. Selection repeated through several generations

before initial increase.

Description.--Large, erect plant type; robust stems; broad, flat, abundant leases.

Medium small, dark, almost naked, elongate

seeds. Excellent seedling vigor, averaging

less than 50 percent of hard seeds.

Released.--No. Distributed for testing purposes.

Breeder Seed.--SCS Plant Materials Centers, Aberdeen, Idaho, and Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Oryzopsis miliacea(L.) Benth. and Hook., smilograss

Increased at California Agricultural Experiment Station, Davis.

Source.--Introduced from Mediterranean

region; first tested at California Agricultural

Experiment Station in 1879.

De s c ription. - - Drought resistant, perennial

bunchgrass, with about same climatic adaptation as hardinggrass, but does better on lighter

soils. Difficult to obtain stands except in ash

of brush burns or on very light soils. Less

palatable than veldtgrass or hardinggrass.

Released.--Yes. Certified by California Crop

Improvement Association in 1947.

Breeder Seed.--California Agricultural Experiment Station and Plant Materials Center,

ses, Pleasanton, Calif.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

Panicum antidotale Retz., blue panicgrass

A-130 Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

Increased at SCS Nursery, Tucson, Ariz. T-15327

Source. - -Australia.

"Description.--O r i g in a 1 increase of blue

panicgrass widely used in Texas and in Southwestern United States.

Released.--1950, cooperatively by Arizona

Agricultural Experiment Station and SCS Nursery, Tucson.

Breeder Seed.--Arizona Plant Materials

Center, Tucson.

Certified Seed. - -Available.

ALGERIAN

Increased at Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater, ARS cooperating--

J. R. Harlan.

Source.--Seed lot received in 1953 from

Algeria, North Africa, under number St 453.

This lot bears accession number 3997.

Description.--Increased in hope it might be

more winter hardy than common material.

Begins growth some 10 days to 2 weeks earlier

in spring than other sources, but by midsummer is indistinguishable from other varieties.

Released.--No. Distributed for testing purposes.

Selected by personnel of SCS Nursery,

Woodward, Okla., OK-N-2--James E. Smith,

Jr., and Gordon L. Powers.

Source.--Bulk common strain of blue panicgrass derived from commercial increase of

SCS Nursery, Tucson, Ariz., accession A-130.

Increased for testing as T-153Z7.

Method of Breeding.--One-year-old seedlings that survived -180 F. in dryland field

planting increased clonally; extremes in height,

plant texture, and dates of flowering discarded;

remaining plants bulked. Parent plants of these

seedlings survived -ll^F. in 2 successive

years prior to field planting using seed harvested from them.

Description.--Relatively uniform, leafy,

medium-fine stems, heavy seed producer; considered to be more cold tolerant than common

strain available.

Released.--Informally by SCS nurseries m

1949.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified "Seed.--Not available. (In commercial production.)

Panicum coloratum L., kleingrass

SELECTION 75

Selected at SCS N u r s e r y San Antonu^^^

Tex., TX-N-1-James E. Smith, ^^'J^^J^^.

-Klein (buffels) gras (Pamcum c^oloratum)

taken from page 66 of Common Name^

of Grasses in South Africa, ^^af/^

digits of accession number added to

distinguish strain from others of similar

origin.

47
Source.--Introduced from Kimberley, South

Africa, as P. I. 166400, BN-5225. Increasedfor

testing as T-20275.

Description.--Very productive, leafy, fine

stemmed; plants mostly erect, good seed producer, drought tolerant. Warm-season perennial; tends to remain green at San Antonio,

where produces fresh green growth at all

times during winter, except when temperature

falls below 25o F. Trailing stems root at nodes

to formt fairly dense sod when in contact with

moist soil. This accession is best that has

been observed at San Antonio. Plant makeup

rather variable; improvement selection for

greater uniformity should be possible. Well

adapted to heavy soils, though complete soil

and climatic adaptation not yet fully known.

Probably not suited to areas where

winter temperatures normally fall below OO F.

Released.--Info r m all y by SCS. Small

amounts of seed sent to selected soil-conservation district cooperators in 1954 for

testing.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center, SCS,

San Antonio.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

SYNTHETIC 1

Selected at SCS Nursery, San Antonio, Tex.--

James E. Smith, Jr.

Source.--South African introductions. Single

plant selected from T-4453, P. I. 142284, BN2731. Open-pollinated accèssion--Albuquerque

SCS Nursery A-14156, P.I. 190327, BN-6876.

Method of Breeding.- -Equal amounts of

selfed seed from single outstanding plant and

open-pollinated seed from another accession

similar in plant characters mixed to form

synthetic strain.

Description.--Tall, very leafy plants; leaves

carried high along stems, more erect than those

of most accessions of species seen at San Antonio; heavy head production. Single plant exceptionally good seed producer when open pollinated. Clonal increase of this plant revealed it to

be largely self-sterile. Stands from open-pollinated seed of single plant resulted in population

predominantly similar to that of single plant.

Released.--No. Included in observational

tests.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center, SCS,

San Antonio.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Panicum virgatum L., switchgrass

BLACKWELL

Selected at SCS Nursery, Manhattan, Kans.

--D. R. Cornelius.

Source.--Seed harvested in 1934 from single

plant growing in native prairie near Blackwell,

Okla.

Method of Breeding.--Single plant selected

in comparison with many other collections at

Manhattan nursery. Tested as KG-208.

Description.--Ranked high in le afine ss, total

forage produced, and resistance to rust and

other diseases. Ranked well in seed production

and seedling vigor. Upland-type switchgrass of

medium height, with rather large stems. Consistently produces 400 pounds of seed per acre

under irrigation.

Released.--1944, cooperatively by Kansas

Agricultural Experiment Station and Nursery

Division, SCS.

Breeder Seed.- -Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Manhattan.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

undesirable types. Process repeated, using

miost promising lines; seed from selected

plants used to establish rows. Five rows selected for uniformity and superior production;

seed bulked to form experimental strain 4200.

De s eription. - - T all, robust upland switchgrass generally characteristic of central Oklahoma. Leafy, productive, considerable rust

resistance, rather uniform when seeded in

rows for seed production; gives heavy yield of

seed under favorable conditions. Forage yield

under irrigation outstanding for native grass;

recovers well after mowing. No special features

distinguish it positively from other varieties,

but tends to be greener and contains less red

pigment in stems and heads than many other

varieties.

Released.--1955. cooperatively by Oklahoma

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available.

CADDO

Selected at Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater, ARS cooperating--

Hi W. Staten, W. C. Elder, R. A. Chessmore,

and J. R. Harlan.

Source.--Field collections from southern

Great Plains, especially central Oklahoma.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection in

space-planted nurseries, with elimination of

NEBRASKA 28

Developed at Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, Lincoln, ARS and SCS cooperating--L. C. Newell.

Source.--Native stand of switchgrass collected in Holt County, Nebr., in 1935.

Method of Breeding.--Spaced plants grown at

this experiment station from original collection selected for type and allowed to

48
cross-pollinate in isolation. Resulting seed

bulked and increased.

Desçri£tion...Relatively early-maturing

strain of switchgrass, representative of Nebraska sandhill types. Average plants semidecumbent, with fine stems of moderate height

bluish green, and leafy; but considerable varia-'

tion in plant type exists. Well adapted to diverse

soils and used successfully for pasturage and

soil-conservation purposes, such as seeded

waterways in pure stands or mixtures. Matures seed in mid-August to early September.

In areas with longer growing seasons is susceptible to rust, which is likely to be serious

factor in production.

Released.--1949. cooperatively by Nebraska

Agricultural Experiment Station; Crops Research Division, ARS; and Nursery Division

ses.

Breeder Seed.--Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

WOODWARD STRAINS

Selected at United States Southern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Woodward, Okla.,

m cooperation with Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station, Stillwater--J. R. Harlan.

Source.--Local populations plus some collections from Texas and New Mexico.

Description.--

Wl.--Short, leafy, blue type, with good

seeding habits; only 80 percent fixed for short

type. This strain discarded.

W2.--Short, leafy type, finer than Wl;

contains both green and blue types. Apparently

somewhat better forage quality than Wl; seed

production about same.

Released.--No. Seed of W2 increased for

testing only. In all probability will not be given

further consideration in Oklahoma following

release of Caddo.

Breeder_Seed.--UnitedStates Southern Great

Plains Field Station.

Paspalum dilatatum Poir., dallisgrass

B-230

Selected at Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge--C. R.

Owen.

Source.--Lot B of seven lots of seed collected

from natural stands inlower Red River bottom.

Selection made in 1941.

Method of Breeding.--Plant selection followed by progeny testing for seed quality and

forage vigor evaluation. Tested in new strainevaluation experiments where seed yields,

seed quality, and forage compared.

Description.--Not distinguishable from common dallisgrass. Produces better quality seed

than common dallisgrass by about 30 percent.

Remains green later in fall and begins growth

earlier in spring.

Released.-- 1951, cooperatively by Louisiana

Agricultural Experinnent Station and Louisiana

Crop Improvement Association.

Breeder Seed.--Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

B-430

Selected at Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge--C. R. Owen.

Source. - -Nursery from which selection taken

planted from seed collected in same area.

Selection rnade in 1943 in space-planted nursery at Hamburg, La.

Method of Breeding.--Plant selection for

normal forage type, which excelled in viable

seed produced. Tested in progeny row and

extended to new strain test where both seed

and forage production compared.

Description.--No definite distinguishing

characteristics for identification. Exceeded

average of strains included by 32 percent for

pure seed content. Er got-infected florets

announted to 28 percent less than average.

Released.--1951. cooperatively by Louisiana

Agricultural Experiment Station and Louisiana

Crop Improvement Association.

Breeder Seed.--Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

PROSTRATE

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn

W. Burton.

Source.--Came from material obtained from

Ben Smith, North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, who received it

from Bernardo Rosengurt of Montevideo, Uruguay.

Method oí Breeding.--Seeds from several

progenies that appeared to be similar in type

and 100-percent apomictic were blended and

increased to furnish seed released in regional

tests.

Description.--More prostrate, more resistant to foliage diseases, more persistent,

maintaining good stands much longer than

common dallisgrass. Outyielded common dallisgrass in clipping tests at Tifton. Very susceptible to ergot, very irregular in meiosis,

poor in seed production.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

49
Paspalum nicorae Parodi, brunswickgrass

Increased at SCS Nursery, Americus, Ga.--

Paul Tabor.

Source.-"Sprigs dug March 1, 1945, at

Brunswick, Ga. Grown under experimental

number SC 20-672.

Description.--Rhizomatous species generally similar to bahiagrass. More than twoseed racemes per stem. Some plants glaucous, others light green. Dense sod produced.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Americus.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Paspalum notatum Flügge, bahiagrass

ARGENTINE

Selected at Florida Agricultural Experiment

Station, Gainesville, ARS cooperating--George

Ritchey.

Source.--P. I. 148996 from Argentina; seed

presented by Lorenzo R. Parodi.

Method of Breeding.--Selected as one of two

distinct types from this introduction in 1945.

Plots and pastures planted in 1945-46.

Description.--Wider leaves than those of

Pensacola, but narrower than those of common.

Preferred by cattle. Medium cold resistance,

making most growth during midsummer. Very

susceptible to ergot. Adapted throughout

Florida and coastal areas of other Southern

States.

Released.--1949-50, cooperatively by Florida Agricultural Experimient Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Available

comme r cially. )

PARAGUAY

Source.--^Origin obscure. Presumably traces

to early introductions that became established

along Gulf of Mexico.

Description. - - Coar se, tough. Leaves shorter

and hairier than those of Pensacola. Used to

some extent as general-purpose turfgrass.

Released.--No.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Some commercial production in Texas.)

PARAGUAY 22

Increased at Georgia Coastal Plain Experimient Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--J. L.

Stephens.

Source.--P. I. 158822 collected by J. L.

Stephens in Paraguay in 1947.

Method of Breeding.--Selection of one plant

in source nursery. Progeny tests indicated

that selection was true breeding and probably

100-percent aponaictic.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program «is Tifton bahiagrass.

Breeder Seed.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment S-Uttion.

Certified Sced>>-Not available. (Some com-

»cTcial pr#Att€tiomv)

PENSACOLA

Found by county agent, Ed Finlayson, Pensacola, Fla. Sprigs from vacant lot on Government Street, Pensacola, taken to SCS Nursery,

Americus, Ga., in May 1940 by Paul Tabor.

Source.--Plants growing along docks and

railroad tracks at Pensacola. Thought to have

arrived by fruit boat from Central or South

America.

Method of Breeding.--Comparative tests

conducted at several experiment stations. Experimental pastures and plots for forage yield

and chemical comiposition planted at Gainesville, Fla., in 1942.

De scription. - -Similar to common bahiagrass, except more cold hardy, narrower

blades, smaller seed, and more responsive

to fertilization. Seed germination excellent,

with full stands and ground cover in 8-12

weeks. Adapted throughout southeastern Coastal Plain area and to all Florida.

Released.--Approved as superior forage by

Florida Agricultural Experiment Station in

1944. Seed distributed by Americus Nursery

in 1942, with first large-scale distribution

in 1944.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Americus.

Certified Seed.--Available.

PENSACOLA X COMMON

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn

W. Burton.

Source.--Fi hybrid between selected plants

from Pensacola bahiagrass and common broadleaved bahiagrass.

Method of Breeding.--Triploid from cross--

Pensacola (diploid) X common (tetraploid).

Sterile in isolation, but seeds well when

interplanted with pollinator, such as Pensacola bahiagrass. Seeds produced give rise to

uniform progeny exactly like female parent,

indicating reproduction by apomixis.

De s c r iption.- - B roade r, more tender leaves,

more palatable than Pensacola bahiagrass.

Outyielded common parent twofold and Pensacola parent by 10 to 15 percent in replicated

clipping tests.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

50
Breeder Seed.--Georgia Coastal Plain Expériment Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

TIFHI 1

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn

W. Burton.

Source.--Developed from selected clones

coming from commercial Pensacola bahiagrass.

Method of Breeding.--Selected clones of

Pensacola tested for general combining ability

in polycross tests. Best of these tested for

specific combining ability in single crosses.

Two of best that were self-sterile and cross

fertile and gave good single cross carry test

numbers 14 and 108. Interplanted vegetatively

in strips up to 30 feet wide to establish seedproduction fields, where hybrid seed may be

produced simply by combining all seed produced. Distributed for testing as Pensacola

hybrid 14 X 108.

Description.--Slightly leafier than commercial Pensacola. One of parents (selection 108)

more shatter resistant, facilitating seed production. Hybrid carries considerable heterosis,

yielding up to 25 percent more forage than

that of commercial check. In 4-year grazing

test in replicated pastures produced 69 pounds

more beef per acre per year than commercial

Pensacola--statistically significant difference.

Released.--1957, cooperatively by Georgia

Coastal Plain Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Stock.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

WILMINGTON

Increased at SCS Nursery, Rock Hill, S. C.

Source.- -Collected in 1940 from naturalized

stand near Wilmington, N, C, by Paul Tabor.

Tested under SC 20-338.

Description.--N ar r o w-1 e af, cold-hardy

bahiagrass; makes dense sod; plants of mediunm size. Only bahiagrass not injured by cold

at Chapel Hill, N. C, between 1941 and 1953.

Released.--No formal release. Seed distributed from SCS Nursery, Rock Hill, in 1943.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Limited

commercial supply.)

Pennisetum ciliare (L. ) Link, buffelgrass

BLUE

Increased at SCS Nursery, San Antonio,

Tex.--James E. Smith, Jr.

Source.--Pr e tor ia. South Africa. P. I.

133898. Received in March 1940; increased for

testing as T-3782.

Description.--Selected over other similar

accessions because of early-spring growth recovery (about 3 weeks ahead of T-4464 buffelgrass), vigorous summer growth, high forage

production, rapid spread by means of short

rhizomes, drought tolerance, resistance to

injury by leafhoppers and aphids, and tolerance to light frost (active growth continues

in fall about 3 weeks longer than for T-44b4

buffelgrass). Best adapted to clay soils in

Texas from Sonora eastward and Waco southward. Relatively low seed producer ; limited in

use within its area of adaptation by chronic

shortage of commercial seed supplies. Both

green and cured forage readily eaten by cattle.

Plants perennial. • « -^

Released.-Informally by SCS nurseries in

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.-Not avaUable. (Incommercial production.)

P. I. 155084

Increased at SCS Nursery, Brooksville, Fla. Increasea Van Rensburg, Pre- Source.--Obtaineairorii 155084.

toria, South Africa, in 194^ as

This accession represents Equator strain

originally from British East Africa.

Description.--Light-bluish foliage. Makes

only few seed heads as compared with P.

ciliare sold commercially. Viable seed. Tillers

and spreads by rather stout, sharp-pointed,

round, smooth rhizomes. Culms grow to be

about 4 feet tall under moderate fertilization.

Leaves longer and stiffer than those of commercial buffelgrass. Stems become woody upon

maturity. Foliage palatable and nutritious.

Grass has odor of molasses similar to that

emitted by TT.nI;^ç;fiesgrass (Melinis minutiflora

Beauv.).

Released.--No. Increased for testing.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Arcadia, Fla.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

T-4464

Increased at SCS Nursery, San Antonio,

Tex.--D. H. Foster.

Source.--Pretoria, South Africa. P. I.

mT671 BN-4112. Received in April 1946; increased for testing as T-4464. Called buffelgrass in belief that common name had significant reference to species in South Africa..

Later learned that buffelgrass is name applied indiscriminately to many other species

and genera in that country. , , ,

Description.-Leafy perennial bunchgrass,

especially well adapted to deep sandy soils in

51
section of Texas where winter temperatures

seldom fall as low as 0^ F. Heavy seed producer, with yields of 300 to 600 pounds per

acre not uncommon under irrigation. Plants

characteristically light green, with good seedling vigor, good drought tolerance, and ability

to grow rapidly from early spring through hot

summer months. Stems may reach 48 inches

in height at seed maturity.

Released.--Informally by SCS nurseries in

1949.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available, (in commercial production.)

Pennisetum glaucum (L. ) R. Br., pearl millet

GAHI 1

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn

W. Burton.

Source.--Commercial Fi^ hybrid developed

from four inbred lines selected from many

lines isolated from common pearl millet,

several introductions from Africa and India,

and hybrids between them.

Method of Breeding.--Inbred lines isolated,

stabilized, and tested for general and specific

combining ability. Four of them, carrying numbers 13, 18, 23, and 26, chosen because they

give good, high-yielding single crosses in all

combinations; used to produce hybrid seed.

F^ seed produced by harvesting all openpollinated seed from isolated field planted to

mixture of equal numbers of live seeds of inbreds 13, 18, 23, and 26. This seed containing

65-75 percent of hybrids and 25-35 perce^nt

of selfs or sibs will perform as well as

100-percent hybrid seed when planted at rate

of 10 pounds per acre in 30- to 36-inch rows.

Increased for testing as Georgia Hybrid 1.

Description. - -Leafier, later maturing, and

more productive than common pearl millet.

At Tifton yielded 50 percent more forage from

May through September and over three times

more after August 1 than common check.

Recovery after grazing also much faster.

Released.--1958, cooperatively by Georgia

Coastal Plain Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in I960.

HYBRID SJ

Selected by J. R. McNeill Seed Company,

Spur, Tex.--J. R. McNeill and associates.

Source.--Single plant, dimunitive, very

sweet and juicy. At time this plant was found,

unable to find any reference to sweetness in

P. glaucum in literature. This plant occurred

in material supplied by Texas Agricultural

Experiment Station, Lubbock, and was from

Bureau of Plant Introduction (USDA) material,

probably from India.

Method of Breeding.--This plant progeny

crossed with numerous lines of common pearl

millet, showing range of maturity, leafiness,

yield potential, disease resistance, and drought

tolerance. Selection 7 not used because of

dominance for dry nonsweet character. Eighty

promising selections planted at Summerfield,

Tex., under supervision of George C. Warner

in 1954, and 20 further tested at Spur in 1955.

That planting afforded opportunity for observation of chinch bug susceptibility, and three lines

dropped. Further selections for freedom from

leaf diseases made. Present seven inbred lines

result of continuing selection, with production

of two generations per year.

De s eription. - - Mildly sweet in grazing and

ensiling stage and juicy. Seed larger than

connmon, not so large as Selection 7; seedling vigor good. Heads smaller than Selection

7; stalks not quite so tall, leafy, and free

tillering.

Released.--Hybrid SJ made available to

various research organizations in 1955. About

50,000 pounds of seed distributed commercially in 1957 from California to Florida and

as far north as Iowa.

Breeder Seed.--J. R. McNeill Seed Company.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (In commercial production.)

SELECTION 7

Selected by J. R. McNeill Seed Company,

Spur, Tex.--J. R. McNeill and associates.

S our ce.- - Production field of common pearl

millet; plant selection made by Elmer Edwards

in 1948.

Method of Breeding.--Selected plants selfed

in nursery. Next generations duplicated on dry

land and land under supplemental irrigation.

De s cription. - -Originally sold as Cattail Millet 7 and often listed as Texas 7. Tall, midleafy, midearly; large, compact heads. Seed

larger than average lots of common observed;

germination and seedling vigor good. Well-developed heads have angled tip, character seen

frequently in species.

Released.--No formal release made. Included in regional testing program. Variety

produced and widely distributed since. No

attempt made to get homozygous line because

of high incidence of crossing and importance

of hybrid vigor in open-pollinated P. glaucum.

Breeder Seed.--J, R, McNeill Seed Company.

Certified Seed.--Not available, (in commercial production.)

52
STARR

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn

W. Burton.

Source*--Developed as synthetic from material selected from common pearl millet and

introductions carrying P. I. numbers 115055

and 115059. These introductions received from

U. S. S. R. in 1936. P. I. 115055 originally

from Tunisia, North Africa, and P. I. 115059

from India.

Method of Breeding.--Broad-leaved, highly

palatable inbred line of common pearl millet

crossed with broad-leaved, short internode,

leafy dwarf line in 1944. Selected F^ plants

carrying desired combination of characters

tested and reselected in advanced selfed generations. Finally, best re combined in synthetic bearing name '^Starr'* in honor of Silas

Starr, first director of Georgia Coastal Plain

Experiment Station.

Description.--Broader leaves, shorter internodes and stems, and more leaves per stem

than common pearl millet; matures 4-6 weeks

later. In clipping tests produced about as much

total dry matter as common, but produced

much higher yields of leaves. Easier to

manage under grazing, lasts longer, and produced more beef and milk under grazing than

common type.

Released.--1951, cooperatively by Georgia

Coastal Plain Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

Pennisetum purpureum Schumach., naplergrass

MERKERON

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn

W. Burton.

Source.--F 1 hybrid between two selections

carrying numbers 1 and Z08.

Method of Breeding.--From 1936 to 1941

selection within open-pollinated seedling progenies of local types and introductions practiced. In fall of 1941 several of these selections hybridized to combine desirable

characteristics, including resistance to Helminthosporium eyespot. One of these crosses

involving selection 1, vigorous common type,

and selection 208, plant with very short internode s and many tillers, gave plants yielding

35 percent nnore than checks and best common

napiergrass hybrids. In 1944 several of best of

these hybrids sent to Rio Piedras, Puerto

Rico, for testing. Best of these--cross between

selections 1 and Z08--released under name

"Merkeron*' in 1955 by Velez Fortuno, head of

plant breeding at Experiment Station, Rio

Piedras.

De scription. - -Leafy, many-tillered, latematuring F^ hybrid resistant to Helminthosporium eyespot.

Released.--1955, by Experiment Station,

Rio Piedras.

Breeder Stock.--Experiment Station, Rio

Piedras.

Certified Stock. - -Not available. (Available

commercially.)

Phalaris arundinacea L

lOREED

Selected at Iowa Agricultural Experiment

Station, Ames, SCS cooperating--H. D.Hughes

and C. P. Wilsie.

Source.--Parental clones selected from

German Steenacker 1; German Rodowbrooker

18; Oregon commercial; Minnesota J18, J15C,

J15A, J20B; United States Department of

Agriculture 55009 and 55018; and old Iowa

strain, 503. Method of Breeding.--Ten clones from above

sources selected on basis of forage, seedyielding ability, and forage quality; saved and

recombined. Iowa clone represented about onethird and other nine sources about 7 percent

each of seed recombined to form loreed. bynthetic 1 seed first obtained in 1945.

Description.-Hardy, vigorous, ^^^^f^^^^f/

productive, with good leaf-disease ^^^istance.

Midearly in maturity, fair in seed Production

rather susceptible to seed shattering. Appears

53

., reed canarygrass

similar to commercial types from long-time

stands in Iowa and Minnesota.

Released.--1946, cooperatively by Iowa

Agricultural Experiment Station and Nursery

Division, SCS.

Breeder Seed.--Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity!^

MANDAN 315

Increased at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Mandan, N. Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Source.--Field collection made near Waterloo, Mont., in 1936.

Method of Breeding. - -Increase of above field

collection. Planted in observational rows under

drvland conditions at Mandan in 1937; most

vigorous and most persistent of 10 reed canarygrass accessions grown in nursery until
1948. Vegetative material from original rows

moved to new location in 1949 still persists.

Seed from latter planting increased in 1956.

Description.--Vigorous, tall, free of lecif

spot diseases at Mandan.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.- - Unite d State s Northe rn Gre at

Plains Field Station.

SUPERIOR

Selected at Oregon Agricultural Experiment

Station, Corvallis, ARS cooperating--H. A.

S choth.

Source.--Material growing on Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station farm.

Method of Breeding.--Single plant selection

made in 1926.

Des cription. - - Comparatively nonshattering,

large seeds; leafy, late maturing. Adapted to

highland and fairly wet areas, but not resistant

to long periods of inundation.

Released.--Cooperatively by Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available. Looked

promising in some tests. Strainused in grazing

tests at Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, apparently traces to Superior.

Phalaris coerulescens Desf., sunolgrass

Increased at SCS Nursery, Pleasanton, Calif.

Source.--Increase of P. coerulescens, P. I.

111994; received from Australia.

Method of Breeding.--Tested at Pleasanton

Nursery since 1936 and under range conditions

at Sunol, Calif., since 1944.

De s cription.- -Rapid developing, long-lived

bunchgrass for supplemental range reseeding

in winter annual range areas, receiving 16

inches or more of rainfall. Resembles hardinggrass in general appearance, but has three

or more round, bulblike enlargements at bottom

on each stem, rather than typical elongated

bulb of hardinggrass.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pleasanton.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Phalaris tuberosa var. hirtiglumis Batt. and Trab., koleagrass

Increased at California Agricultural Experiment Station, Davis--R. M. Love.

Source.--Introduction received from Agricultural Experiment Station, Rabat, Morocco,

in 1955. California accession number T. O.

2143.

De3cription.--Coar se bunchgrass. Resembles hardinggrass in general appearance, but

has round, bulblike enlargements at base of

culm--somewhat similar to P. coerulescens.

Some indication it requires higher rainfall

than hardinggrass.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--California Agricultural Experiment Station.

Phalaris tuberosa var. stenoptera

Increased at California Agricultural Experiment Station, Davis.

Source.--Introduced from Toowoomba Botanical Gardens, Australia, in 1914 by P. B.

Kennedy, California Agricultural Experiment

Station. Seed collected from old hardinggrass

field at Hopland, Lake County, Calif., in 1940

by D. J. Vanderwal. This seed lot given accession number P-11740 and increased at

Plant Materials Center, SCS, Pleasanton, Calif.

Description.--Long-lived, persistent, dryland perennial bunchgrass, with intermediate

winter growth. Short, stout rhizomes origi-

(Hack. ) Hitchc., hardinggrass

nating from base of low-lying crown; semibroad, blue-green leaves. High forage yields.

Most widely adapted range grass used in

California. Survives on rather infertile, stony

soils, but yields best on heavy soils. Adapted

to zones of less than 15 inches of rainfall

if clay layer in soil profile.

Released. - - Certified by California Crop Improvement Association in 1946.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pleasanton. Foundation seed available from

California Crop Improvement Association.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

Phleum pratense L., timothy

CLAIR

Increased at Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington--R. C. Buckner.

Source.--Naturalized strain growing on farm

of Clair Andrew, Vevay, Ind.

Method of Breeding.--Comparative tests.

Strain designated as Vevay in regional testing

program.

Des cription.--Very early maturing strain,

relatively coarse, vigorous, with good aftermath production.

54
Released.--1958, Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.

CertifiedSeed.--Not available. (Limited supplies in 1959.) ^

CLIMAX

Selected at Forage Crops Division, Experimental Farms Service, Ottawa, Canada--

R. M. MacVicar.

Source.--Wide collection of seed lots.

Method of Breeding.--Synthetir variety developed by combining several progeny tested

clones.

Description.--Tall, fine stemmed; characterized by marked leafiness. Leaves carried

high on stems. Under conditions of good fertility, aftermath growth excellent. Highly resistant to rust. Seven to ten days later in

maturity than common.

Released.--1947, Canada Department of

Agriculture.

Breeder Seed.--Forage Crops Division, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.

Certified Se ed.--Available. (Seed produced

in Canada and United States.)

CORNELL 1777

Selected at New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca.

Description.--Developed in 1908. More resistant to rust than Cornell 4059 or common

timothy. Medium height, medium early, leafy,

medium-fine stem. Retains green color when

mature. High yields of forage and seed.

Released.--1922, by New York Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (At one time

increased for commercial production in Pacific Northwest.)

CORNELL 4059

Selected at New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca.

Description.--One week later in maturity

than common timothy. Tall, erect, coarse;

appeared to be adapted to coastal area of New

England.

Released.--1922, by New York Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

DRUMMOND

Selected at Macdonald College, Quebec,

Canada--J. N. Bird.

Source. Strain from northern Europe, b-4b

and S-51 from Wales, and F. C. 15150 from

ARS and Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station,

Wooster, all introduced during 1930-33.

Method of Breeding.--Maternal line selection, with space-planted progeny tests.

Description.--Reaches flowering and seed

stage about 10-14 days later than common

timothy at Macdonald College. Winter hardy,

with appreciable amount of rust resistance.

Released.--Department of Agronomy, Macdonald College.

Breeder__Seed.--Department of Agronomy,

Macdonald College. Foundation seed maintained at Plant Materials Center, SCS, Pullman,

Wash.

Certified Seed.--AvailahlP in limited quantity. (Some increase in Pacific Northwest.)

DURAL

Selected at University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

Source.-- Parent material obtained from New

York Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca,

and from Ontario College of Agriculture,

Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Description.--Selected for yield, leafiness,

and resistance to rust. Winter hardy; well

adapted to more humid areas of Manitoba.

Medium in maturity.

Released.--University of Manitoba.

Breeder Seed.--University of Manitoba.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantityESSEX

Selected at New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca--R. P. Murphy and S. S.

Atwood.

Source.--Wide collection of seed lots from

plant breeders in United States. Parental

clones: N. Y. 48-30, N. Y. 48-140, N. Y.

48-154, and N. Y. 48-215.

Method of Breeding.--Synthetic variety developed from four selected clones. Breeder

seed produced in isolated plot from randomly

planted vegetative pieces of 4 clones in 100

or more replications. Equal amounts of seed

from each parental clone mixed together for

breeder seed. Certified seed first advanced

generation from foundation seed; not eligible

for use as planting stock for production of any

class of certified seed.

Description.--Very late maturing, leafy.

Yielded 97 percent as much as common and

Climax when tested alone, 94 percent when

tested with alfalfa, and 93 percent when tested

with Empire birdsfoot trefoil. Approximately

2 weeks later in maturity than common and

10 days later than Climax. Forage at first

harvest nearly always leafier and freer of

foliar diseases than comnnon. Climax, and other

earlier maturing types. In limited tests for

seed production similar to common and lower

than Climax in yield.

Released.--1955, by New York Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--New York Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available.

55
HOPKINS

Selected at Ohio Agricultural Experiment

Station, Wooster, ARS cooperating--M. W.

Evans.

Source»--Collections from old meadows and

roadsides.

Method of Breeding.--(See Marietta.) Composed of selections F. C. 28119 and F. C.

28152.

Description.--In northern Ohio approximately r? to 15 days later than common

tinriothy.

Released.--1946, cooperatively by Ohio

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed. - - Clone s maintained at Indiana

Agricultural Experiment Station, Lafayette.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

HURON

Selected at North Ridgeville, Ohio; and Ohio

Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, ARS

cooperating--M. W. Evans.

Source.--Plant selected along roadside about

4-1/2 miles west of Wakemian, Huron County,

Ohio, in 1911.

Method of Breeding.--(See Marietta.) Evaluated as F. C. 3937.

Description.--Late variety; about 6 days

later blooming and maturing seed than common

timothy.

Released. - - Cooperatively by Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops Research

Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

ITASCA

Selected at Minnesota Agricultural Experimient Station, St. Paul.

Source.--See Method of Breeding.

Method of Breeding.--Composed of seven

inbred lines from following sources: One

from Minnesota commercial seed, one from

T7, two from Cornell 1620, and three from

Cornell 1777. Synthetic tested as Minnesota

1630.

De s er iption. - - Rank growing; well adapted

to conditions in Minnesota. Similar to comnnercial timothy in maturity, but superior in

growth character and habit.

Released.--Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

LORAIN

Selected at Ohio Agricultural Experiment

Station, Wooster, ARS cooperating--M, W.

Evans.

Source.--Collections from old meadows and

roadsides.

Method of Breeding.--(See Marietta.) Composed of selections F. C. 15167 and F. C.

28147.

De s c r iption. - - In northern Ohio approximately 10-12 days later than common timothy.

Leaves remain green for about 8-10 days

longer than those of common. Adapted for hay

production in northern Ohio.

Released.--1939, cooperatively by Ohio

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed. - - Clone s maintained at Indiana

Agricultural Experiment Station, Lafayette.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

MARIETTA

Selected at Ohio Agricultural Experiment

Station, Wooster, ARS cooperating--M. W.

Evans.

Source.--Collections from meadows and

roadsides.

Method of Breeding.--Selection practiced in

space-planted nurseries. Plots arranged in

blocks of selections having same time of

heading, blooming, and maturity. Progeny

tested in space-planted row plots in successive generations. Composed of selections

F, C. 11901, 12468, and 15220. In 1946 selections changed to F. C. 11901, F. C. 28096,

and F. C. 28185. Leaves of last two selections

remain green longer than those of F, C. 12468

and F. C. 15220.

Description.-- Blooms and matures innorthern Ohio approximately 5 days earlier than

common timothy. Leaves tend to remain green

nearly as late as those of common timothy.

Well adapted to southern Ohio.

Released.--1937, cooperatively by Ohio

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Clones maintained at Indiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Lafayette.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

ME DON

Selected at Ontario College of Agriculture,

Guelph, Ontario, Canada--O. M. McConkey.

Source.-'Local collections and introductions

from Scandinavia, U. S. S. R., central Europe,

Great Britain, and United States.

Description.--Leafy, winter hardy, well

adapted in Ontario.

Released.--Ontario College of Agriculture.

Breeder Seed.--Ontario College of Agriculture.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

MILTON

Selected at Macdonald College, Quebec,

Canada--J. N. Bird.

56
Sour ce,--Strains obtained from New York

Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, and

Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station,

St. Paul, Svalov Experiment Station, Sweden',

and commercial seed from Dickinson Seed

Company, Chicago, 111., in 1911,

Method of Breeding.--Fairly rust resistant

in comparisons made with inoculated plants

at Macdonald College, whereas ordinary commercial strains susceptible to timothy rust.

Winter hardy, early maturing, vigorous.

Released.--Macdonald College.

Breeder Seed.--Macdonald College.

Certified Seed.--Available inlimited quantity.

NEW YORK SYNTHETIC B

Selected at New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca--R. P. Murphy and S. S.

Atwood.

Source.--Wide collection

plant breeders in United

clones: N. Y. 48-11, N.

of seed lots from

States. Parental

Y. 48-56, N. Y.

48-102, N. Y. 48-103, and N. Y. 48-110.

Method of Breeding.--Synthetic variety developed from five selected clones. First- and

second-generation seed produced as for Essex.

Description.--Medium to late maturing;

leafy. Similar to Climaix in performance, except it has wider leaves and approximately 3

days later in maturity.

Released.--No. To be continued under test.

Breeder Seed.--New York Agricultural Experiment Station.

SHELBY

Early-maturing farmer's strain grown and

used in southern Indiana.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

SWALLOW

Selected at University of Alberta, Edmonton,

Canada.

Source.--Late Swedish stock Svalov 523

introduced into Alberta in 1918.

De s eription. - - Hay type; similar to common

timothy in appearance, but with good stem,

rust resistance (Edmonton), and winter hardine s s.

Released.--University of Alberta.

Breeder Seed.--University of Alberta.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

Poa ampia Merr., big bluegrass

SHERMAN

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--V. B. Hawk, J. L. Schwendiman, and A. L. Hafenrichter.

Source.--Collected from native vegetation

near Moro, Sherman County, Oreg., by D. E.

Stephens, superintendent of Sherman Branch

Experiment Station, Mo o, in 1932. Recollected by SCS in 1935; tested as P-2716

against 177 other accessions.

Method of Breeding.--Mass selection for

several generations.

Description.--Starts growth very early in

spring. Productive, early maturing, ^^"^^

inches tall, erect growing, fine stemmed.

Long-lived perennial bunchgrass; high in seed.

forage, and root production. Distinct blue,

moderately abundant leaves; large, compact

seed head. Plants apomictic. (2n = 63.) Adapted

to conservation seedings alone or with alfalfa

in dryland areas in wheat-fallow farmland on

light-textured soils. Successfully used for

reseeding burned-over forest lands in pine

zones of Western States.

Released.--1945, cooperatively by Washington, Idaho, and Oregon Agricultural Experiment Stations and Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman. Distributed for field tests in

1938.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

Poa arlda Vasey, plains bluegrass

RENO

Increased at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Manhattan, Kans.--M. D. Atkins.

Source.-From field-seed collection made

inlgsTon poorly drained, high water tab e,

saline grasslandnear Hutchinson Reno County,

Kans. Increased for testing as KG-218Ö.

Description.--Leafy, vigorous ecotype for

use in grass mixtures for establishing permanent vegetation on high water table, saline

and alkaline sites in central and western Kansas. Medium seed production.

Released.-Informally by SCS in 1956 for

field-evaluation plantings.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center, SCb,

Manhattan.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

57
Poa bulbosa L., bulbous bluegrass

P-4874

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman.

Sour ce, - - Pullman, east on Highway 3 near

Idaho State line. Collected in 1937 by J, L.

Schwendiman from naturalized stand.

Method of Breeding.--Bulk selections from

open-pollinated planting of original collection.

Tested against commercial and other naturalized strains.

Des cription. - - Vigorous, robust, leafy, tall

growing, productive, late maturing. Heavy forage and seed producer. Short-lived perennial.

Reseeds readily. Seed high in germination.

Adapted for use as understory grass in range

seedings of crested wheatgrass or other dryland grasses at elevations of less than 4,000

feet, where it provides good ground cover.

Released.--1956, cooperatively by Idaho

Agricultural Experiment Station and Plant Materials Center, SCS, Pullman.

Breeder Seed. - - Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

Poa pratensis L., Kentucky bluegrass

ARBORETUM

Selected at Missouri Botanical Garden, St.

Louis--W. L. Brown.

Source.--Collections of plants from old

pastures and lawns in Missouri and neighboring States.

Released.--Informally. Included in several

turf tests; not outstanding in most tests.

Certified See d.--Not available. (Limited

commercial increase in Pacific Northwest.)

DELTA

Selected at Forage Crops Division, Experimental Farms Service, Ottawa, Canada--R. M.

MacVicar.

Source.--Native nnaterial.

Method of Breeding.--Single plant selection.

De s cription.--Vigorous, erect, fine

stemmed, relatively early, apomictic. Adapted

to cooler sections of Kentucky bluegrass region,

where leaf spot infestations to which it is

susceptible are less frequent. Marked resistance to mildew.

Released.--1938, Canada Department of

Agriculture.

Breeder Seed.--Forage Crops Division,

Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.

Certified Seed.--Available. (Some production in Pacific Northwest.)

KB-143(223)

Selected at United States Regional Pasture

Research Laboratory, ARS, University Park,

Pa.--W. M. Myers.

Source.--Connmercial seed lot received

from Kansas City, Mo.

Method of Breeding.--Space-planted progeny

tests and evaluation in sod plots.

Description.--Very vigorous; consistently

outyielded common lots in yield tests.

Released.--No> Distributed for testing.

Breeder Seed.--Limited amount of seed in

storage at United States Regional Pasture Research Laboratory.

KB-176(22)

Selected at United States Regional Pasture

Research Laboratory, ARS, University Park,

Pa.--W. M. Myers.

Source.--0. A. C. 2 strain supplied by Dr.

Muntzing.

Method of Breeding.--Space-planted progeny

tests and evaluation in sod plots.

Des cription.--Low-growing **lawn type."

Released.--No. Distributed for testing.

MERION

Selected at Plant Industry Station, ARS,

Beltsville, Md., by United States Golf Association Green Section, ARS cooperating--Fred

V. Grau.

Source.--Single plant selection made by

Joseph Valentine of Merion Golf Club,

Ardmore, Pa., in 1936 and increased by

John Monteith, Jr., former director. United

States Golf Association Green Section.

Method of Breeding.--Plant selection and

apomictic seed progenies obtained through succeeding generations tested in cooperative turf

research program of Crops Research Division,

ARS, and United States Golf Association Green

Section. Tested as B-27.

De s cription. - - Low growing, short leaves,

good color; high degree of resistance to Helminthosporium leaf spot. More tolerant to

close mowing than common Kentucky bluegrass. Susceptible to rust.

Released.--1947, cooperatively by Crops

Research Division, ARS, and United States Golf

Association Green Section.

Breeder Seed. - - Pennsylvania Agricultural

Experiment Station, University Park.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

NEWPORT

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--Jens Clausen, Carnegie

Institution of Washington, Stanford University,

Stanford, Calif., and Plant Materials Center

staff.

58
Source.--Maritime race collected from

coastal bluffs at Newport, Lincoln County

Oreg,, by W. E. Lawrence. Propagated under

rfw^^II^A \^"^^^^^i^^ ^f Washington, accession OIW 4466-1 and accession P-13821.

Method of Breeding.-Seed of original colÍQ^'Q''^.''^^''/'' establish spaced planting in

1V4V. btrain found apomictic (2n = 81); bulked

seed used for increase in 1953. This strain

used in Carnegie Institution of Washington

hybrid bluegrass studies.

Description.--Vigorous, highly productive

coastal race of broad climatic tolerance. Wide

dark-green leaves, low growing, fair to good

in seed production, medium late in seed maturity, rapid sod forming. Appears to be fairly

resistant to rust and Helminthosporium leaf

spot.

Released.-. 1958, informally by Washington

and Oregon Agricultural Experiment Stations.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center, SCS,

and Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Pullman.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

P-4358

Selected at Plant Materials Center, SCS,

Pullman, Wash.--J. L. Schwendiman and I. R.

Adlard.

Source.--From Professor Frandsen, Denmark, as F. C. 22190 in 1934.

Method of Breeding.--Propagated through

4 generations to eliminate aberrant plants.

Space planted in 1952; 14 single plant selections made in 1953. Seed from 4 outstanding plant selections space planted. Aberrant

plants removed; bulked seed of each selection

used for further testing in turf tests of Agronomy Department of Washington Agricultural

Experiment Station, Pullman.

Description.--Dwarf, low growing; short,

dark-green leaves. Similar to Merion, but 10-

14 days later in seed maturity. Produces very

few aberrant plants; resistant to powdery

mildew and leaf and stem rusts.

Released.--No. Increased for testing.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Pullman, and Washington Agricultural

Experiment Station.

PARK

Selected at Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul--H. L. Thomas, Herman

Shultz, A. R. Schmid, and H. K.Hayes.

Sour ce.- -Vegetative material collected from

60 old pastures and waste places throughout

Minnesota in 1937.

Method of Breeding.--Collections separated

into 281 vigorous individual plants; carried

through extensive selection and testing program

until 1947. Eighteen strains selected for further testing; in 1953 mixture of 15 best

apomictic strains increased for testing as

Minnesota 95.

Description.--In Minnesota described as

being superior to Merion in seedling and plant

vigor, resistance to rust, and sod formation.

Released.--1957, by Minnesota Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed. - -Available.

TROY

Selected at Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Bozeman, ARS cooperating--R.

E. Stitt.

Source.--Increase of P. I. 119684. Introduced from Turkey by Westover-Wellman expedition in 1936.

De s cription. - - Vigorous pasture strain; released for use in irrigated pastures in Montana.

Tall, erect-growth habit, good recovery, open

sod; not outstanding with respect to disease

resistance. Adapted to cooler parts of Kentucky

bluegrass region. Early maturing, ready to

graze at Bozeman 10-14 days before other

strains.

Released.--1955, cooperatively by Montana

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Montana Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in limited quantity.

Setaria itálica (L.) Beauv., foxtail millet

EMPIRE

Selected at Forage Crops Division, Experimental Farms Service, Ottawa, Canada--R-M.

MacVicar.

Source.--Manchurian material.

Method of Breeding.--Synthetic variety developed by combining selected lines of similar

type.

Description.--Tall, leafy, high yielding, late

maturity. Seeds golden, tending toward roundness. May be identified readily by high percentage of bifurcate inflorescences. This

bifurcate character dominant, but degree of

expression depends to considerable extent on

environmental conditions. In Canada outyielded

most, if not all, commercial millets in same

maturity group.

Released.--1937, Canada Department of

Agriculture.

Breeder Seed.--Forage Crops Division, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Some commercial production in Ontario.)

59
GERMAN 8

Selected by Asgrow Texas Company, San

Antonio, Tex.

Method of Breeding.--Head-to-row selection for uniformity.

Description.--Uniform for leafiness and

lobed heads (lobed head character accentuated in thin stands).

Released.--1952, Asgrow Texas Company.

Certified Seed. - -Available.

GERMAN 8A

Selected by Asgrow Texas Company, San

Antonio, Tex.

Method of Breeding.--Single plant selection.

Description. - -Superior seedling vigor, broad

leaves, few days earlier than German 8.

Released.--Asgrow Texas Company.

Certified Seed. - -Available.

GERMAN R

Selected by J. R. McNeill Seed Company,

Spur, Tex.--J. R. McNeill. McNeill made

original selections. Increase and evaluations

made jointly with A. M. Stoy; first increase

of foundation (registered) seed made by

George C. Warner.

Source. - -Production field of certified German millet near Kress, Tex.

Method of Breeding. - - Fifty s elections

planted head to row in 1948. Seven strains

designated R showed leafiness, fine stems,

seedling vigor, large seed size, with maturity

considered typical of older German millet

composite. Strain fairly homozygous from

first planting, but close rogued in several

generations before release.

Description.--Fine stemmed, leafy, with

compact heads smaller than those of other

current varieties or strains of German millet.

Spines red to purple in immature head stage;

R in name refers to this character. Stems

slender and recurve under weight of heads.

Seed larger than that of other German millets

observed; typical tubercle character confined

to base of seed. This seed character affords

means of identifying variety from seed, whereas purple spines afford nneans of identifying

variety in field.

Released.--!. R. McNeill Seed Company.

Breeder Seed. - - J. R. McNeill Seed Company.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash, yellow indiangrass (suggested common name, indiangrass)

CHEYENNE

Bulk strain collected October 1942 by SCS

Nursery, Woodward, Okla., OK-N-2. Original

collection 214 pounds recleaned seed. Strain

increased on dry land at Cheyenne, Okla.,

land utilization project until 1951; then placed

in irrigated increase by OK-N-2 near Texline,

Tex. First seed crop from this location harvested in fall 1953 and distributed to soilconservation districts in spring 1954.

Source. - -Native range stand near Supply,

Okla;

Description.--Heterogeneous plant makeup.

May have acquired some uniformity in flowering and date of maturity through successive

increase plantings of combine-harvested seed

material. Good forage type, good seed producer. Should be fully adapted for range and

pasture seeding in western Oklahoma and most

of Texas Panhandle.

Released. - -Informally by SCS in 1945. No

commercial stands known to exist from seed

distributions nnade between 1945 and 1954,

when field established by Max Bower, Morton,

Tex.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Incommercial production.)

KANSAS EXPERIMENTAL

Selected at Kansas Agricultural Experiment

Station, Manhattan.

Source.--Collections made in Oklahoma and

southern Kansas in 1953.

Method of Breeding.--Selected in 1955 fronn

accessions space planted in 1954. Fifty plants

selected after two seasons of observation

(1954 and 1955) in evaluation nursery of

several thousand individuals. Major criteria

for selection--leafiness, vigor (large size),

freedom fronn rust, and, since species tends

to mature late, earliness of maturity. Propagated clonally in 5-replication randomized

crossing block in 1956. Seed produced by this

block in 1956 planted in 36-inch rows in 1957

for further increase. Planned that this may

serve temporarily as variety until plant

breeders can make further improvement.

Description.--Tall, leafy, vigorous, mostly

free of rust, medium to late maturity.

Released.--No. Distributed for testing.

BreederSeed. - -Kansas Agricultural Experi -

ment Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

M2-10302

Selected at SCS Nursery, Ames, lowa--

M. E. Heath and A. I. Alcott.

Source.--Bulk collection of seed nvadealong

railroad right-of-way south of Ames in 1939.

Method of Breeding. - -Seed collected in 1939

increased under isolation for several generations at SCS Nursery, Ames and Ankeny,

Iowa.

60
description, - -Representative ecotype of

central Iowa. Uniform, vigorous, with high

seed yields.

Released.--No. Tested in observational

plantings by SCS from 1941 to 1949.

Breeder Seed,--Small quantity maintained

by Plant Materials Center, SCS, Elsberry,

Mo,

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., johnsongrass

MISSISSIPPI FINE STEM MISSISSIPPI PERSISTENT

Selected at Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, State College, ARS cooperating--

H. W. Bennett.

Source,--Large number of field collections.

Method of Breeding,--Selection made on

number of culms produced from seed first

season (above 60); further selection made on

degree of clipping and palatability.

Description, - -Produces 130-180 culms per

plant, 2-4 feet tall, 1/32-1/8 inch in diameter.

Largest culm never gets as large as minimum

allowed in grade 1 hay. Very leafy. Relatively

low seed production. Has been used as source

material in breeding program.

Released,--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Mississippi Agricultural

Experiment Station,

Selected at Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, State College, ARS cooperating--

H. W. Bennett.

Source,--Large number of field collections.

Method of Breeding,--Selection made on

number of culms produced from seed first

season (above 60); further selection made on

degree of clipping and palatability.

Description. - -Produces 80-120 culms per

plant, up to 5 feet tall, 1/8-1/4 inch in diameter. Rather compact base with very slowly

spreading rhizomes. Persistent under mowing;

withstood 6 clippings for 2 years. Only selffertile plant in large number handled.

Released,--No, Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed,--Mississippi Agricultural

Experiment Station,

Sorghum halepense X S^ vulgäre (including S. halepense X S. sudanenseandS. almum

Parodi), sorgrass

MISSISSIPPI ISJ

Selected at Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, State College, ARS cooperating--

H. W. Bennett.

Source, - -Collections of Hodo sorgo and johnsongrass.

Method of Breeding.--Cross made by pollinating hot-water emasculated (42^ C. for 10

minutes) Hodo sorgo florets with red-stigma

johnsongrass, Selfing started in F^ and has

been continued. Spaced F2 plants left where

set for growth-habit studies. Perennial (75

percent) plants grazed by cattle. Cattle consistently grazed types containing juice regardless of stem size. Five percent of selectively

grazed population selfed; progeny selected for

juiciness by hand twisting and for nonspreading

rhizomes.

Description,--Selection from F¿ made on

basis of plant size intermediate between sorgo

and johnsongrass. Produces 20-40 culms per

plant, 9-12 feet tall, 1/3-1/2 inch in diameter.

Arise from very slowly spreading rhizomes.

Produces two cuttings per year. Total carbohydrate content of 10-14 percent. Seed set

approximately 50 percent. Produces extremely

well under irrigation and fertilization.

Released,--No, Included in regional testmg

program. . . ,^ i

Breeder Seed.--Mississippi Agricultural

Experiment Station,

MISSISSIPPI SJ-1

Selected at Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, State College, ARS cooperating--

H. W. Bennett.

Source,--Collection of Hodo sorgo and johnsongrass.

Method of Breeding.--Cross made by pollinating hot-water emasculated (42^ C. for 10

minutes) Hodo sorgo florets with red-stigma

johnsongrass. Selfing started in F^ and has

been continued. Spaced F^ plants left where

set for growth-habit studies. Perennial (75

percent) plants grazed by cattle. Cattle consistently grazed types containing juice regardless of stem size. Five percent of selectively

grazed population selfed; progeny selected for

juiciness by hand twisting culm 180 degrees.

Later juicy progeny further selected for nonspreading rhizomes,

Description. - -F^ segregate. Selection made

on basis of large leaves and sweet stems.

Produces 25-65 culms per plant, 3-1/2-7 feet

tall, 3/16-7/16 inch in diameter. Too large

and juicy for hay, but makes good grazing

and leafy silage. Seed production extremely

low. May be cut at least twice per season.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program. Dropped because of low seedproduction. Used in new hybrids and backcrosses.

Breeder Seed,--Clones maintained at Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station,

61
MISSISSIPPI SJ-2

Selected at Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, State College. ARS cooperating--

H. W. Bennett.

Source.--Collection of Hodo sorgo and johnsongrass.

Method of Breeding.--Cross made by pollinating hot-water emasculated (42^ C. for 10

minutes) Hodo sorgo florets with red-stigma

johnsongrass. Selfing started in Fi and has

been continued. Spaced F^ plants left where

set for growth-habit studies. Perennial (75

percent) plants grazed by cattle. Cattle consistently grazed types containing juice regardless of stem size. Five percent of selectively

grazed population selfed and progeny selected

for juiciness by hand twisting and for nonspreading rhizomes.

Description. - -Selection from F¿ made on

basis of grass-type habit and carbohydrate

content. Very leafy; 14-percent total carbohydrate content in 50 -percent dry -matter plant.

Produces 40-90 culms per plant, 3-5 feet tall,

1/16-5/16 inch in diameter. Self-fertile and

good seed producer. May be cut at least twice

per season.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed. - -Mississippi Agricultural

Experiment Station.

PERENNIAL SWEET

Selected at Texas Agricultural Experiment

Station (Substation 8), Lubbock, Tex.--R. E.

Karper.

Source.--In 1941 L. F. Randolph, New York

Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca,

doubled chronnosome nunnber of comnnon

sudangrass with colchicine and crossed this

tetraploid with johnsongrass. Seed of this

hybrid sent to Texas Agricultural Experiment

Station for further study.

Method of Breeding. - -Progeny selections

grown for several years, but appeared too

early and unproductive. Few selections retained their seed well; these persistent types

grown in 1945 surrounded by sweet sudangrass. Three natural outcrosses with sweet

sudangrass recovered in 1946. Selection continued for sweet juicy stalks, good fertility,

seed yield, and perennial rooting habit intermediate between johnsongrass and sudangrass.

Description.--Synthetic tetraploid (4N) that

would be expected to cross freely with johnsongrass, but not likely to cross with other

sorghums. Rootstalks short and thick, more

weakly perennial, not so difficult to eradicate as johnsongrass. More likely to be

profitable when handled as annual. As palatable as sweet sudangrass. Seed similar to that

of sweet sudangrass; glumes predominantly

chocolate or mahogany in color. Plant mostly

tan. Seeds persistent.

Released.--1957, by Texas Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (Substation 8).

Certified Seed.--Available in 1959.

SORGHUM ALMUM

Introduced into United States from Argentina,

South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.

Grown at Chillicothe and Lubbock Experiment Stations, Texas, since mid-40's, and

collection from Argentina received by Georgia

Agricultural Experiment Station, Athens, in

1949. Major source of seed in United States

traces to seed lots obtained from Australia

and New Zealand in 1952. Commonly referred

to as Columbus grass in South Africa.

Source.--First described by Lorenzo R.

Parodi in 1943. He received seed in 1936

from A. Ragonese, agronomist, Province of

Santa Fe, Argentina. Parodi concluded grass

must have originated under cultivation as

hybrid between johnsongrass and some other

introduced sorghum (S. vulgäre). Records indicate material grown inSouth Africa, Australia,

and United States traces to seed lots that

had origin in Argentina. (2n = 40.)

Description.--Tall, robust, rather closely

resembling johnsongrass in many ways.

Coarser, larger stems, often wider leaves,

and generally grows taller than johnsongrass.

Heads longer, lax, more spreading, with more

branches at whorl. Rhizomes stout, short, and

turn up close to crown. No difficulty experienced in killing it out by plowing. Seed shatters

very readily. Although seed somewhat larger

than that of johnsongrass, difficult to identify

it in intermediate range. Some crossing could

be expected to occur with johnsongrass. Sorghum Almum accessions exhibit wide range in

plant type; some lots more unifornm than

others. Prussic acid potential equivalent, for

most part, to that of johnsongrass.

Certified Seed.--Not available. (Ample supplies of commercial seed.)

Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf, sudangrass

BELTSVILLE SYNTHETIC 4

Selected at Plant Industry Station, ARS,

Beltsville, Md.--J. P. Trimble.

Source.--Disease-resistant lines isolated by

C. L. Lefebvre.

Method of Breeding.--First-generation hybrid produced by planting mixture containing

equal amounts of live seed of four inbred lines.

Description.--Coarse, vigorous, high yielding; good level of disease tolerance. Hydrocyanic acid content high.

62
Released,--No, Included in regional testing

program for 3 years.

Breeder Seed.--Not available. Lines used in

several breeding programs.

CALIFORNIA 23

Selected at Imperial Valley Experiment

Station, El Centro, Calif.--L. G. Goar.

Source. - -Common sudangrass.

Method of Breeding.--Selected from common sudangrass in early 1930's; reselected

at Davis, Calif., to eliminate black seed and

other offtypes.

Description.--Little later in heading and

more uniform than common sudangrass. Shown

somewhat taller and more vigorous growth;

yielded 10-20 percent more than common or

Sweet sudangrass at California Agricultural

Experiment Station, Davis. Susceptible to leaf

diseases when grown under humid conditions.

Released.--1938, by California Agricultural

Experinnent Station.

Breeder Seed.--California Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed. - -Available.

COMMON (GARAWI)

Introduced into United States in 1909.

Source. - -Probably native of upper Egypt;

cultivated near Khartoum under name

*'garawi,*' but it may have originated farther

south in Africa.

Description. --Several strains of sudangrass

developed frona early introductions; similar in

type, being extremely early and susceptible

to disease.

Relea s ed. - -Info rmally by USDA and State

agricultural experiment stations in early

1900*s.

Certified Seed. - -Some local strains certified. (Ample commercial supplies.)

GEORGIA 33 7

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn

W. Burton.

Source.--Developed from intercrossing and

selection of material tracing its parentage to

Tift sudangrass, McLean sorghum, and low

HCN lines from Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison.

Method of Breeding.--Disease resistance

of Tift and low HCN of Wisconsin material

combined by hybridization and screening F^

populations. This material crossed with

McLean sorghum for broad leaves, disease

resistance, juiciness, and sweet stalk. Selected

F2's recombined several times to bring together desired characteristics. Usually 1,000

or more Fi's tested in F3 generation in

single row plots between rows of common

and Tift. Finally, F2 plant breeding true for

desired traits in F3 increased in isolation.

2£l£liption.--Excellent disease resistance,

sweet juicy stalks, wide leaves, low HCN.

Uniform straw-colored seedcoat. Late maturing; often outyields other varieties during

long growing seasons. Shown great yield potential under irrigation. Its disease resistance

gives it dependability and quality lacking in

some varieties during heavy disease epidemics.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing

program.

Breeder Seed.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

GREENLEAF

Selected at Kansas Agricultural Experiment

Station, Manhattan--R. C. Pickett,

Source. - -Advance generation backcross of

common sudangrass X Leoti Red sorghum

received in 1940 from Texas Agricultural

Experiment Station, Chillicothe. After several

generations of selection, composite group

of selected lines bulked for increase in 1951.

Method of Breeding.--Selection for several

generations in cross of sudangrass X sweet

sorghum.

De s c ription. - - Juicy stalk; tall, fairly coarse,

vigorous, leafy, freely tillering, late maturing;

tan glume (from Leoti parent). High degree

of resistance to leaf diseases; high forage

yields.

Released.--I953, by Kansas Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

LAHOMA

Selected at Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater--W. C. Elder.

Source. - -Breeding materials received from

Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Chillicothe, in 1948.

Method of Breeding. - -Selected from progeny

row that remained in vigorous growing condition after other entries had succumbed to

drought and severe chinch bug infestation.

Distributed for testing as Oklahoma 130.

Description.--Wide leaved, late maturing,

drought enduring. Very uniform in growthhabit,

tillers well. Distinctive yellow-green leaf.

Good seed producer. Seed ranges in color

from apricot to sienna. Leaf diseases may

be troublesome when moisture excessive. No

more prussic acid than other sweet types.

Released.--I954, by Oklahoma Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed. - -Available.

OKLAHOMA 8

Selected at Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater--C. E. Denman.

63
Source.--F^ population of Piper X Lahoma.

De sc ription. - - Common type; rather juicy

and intermediate between two parents in leanness, maturity, and tillering. Disease reaction

similar to that of Lahoma. Seed color sienna;

leaves as wide as those of Lahoma,

Released.--No. Included in regional testing progrann.

Breeder Seed.--Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station.

PIPER

Selected at Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison--D. C. Snnith.

Source.--Tift and lines obtained from Texas

Agricultural Experiment Station, Chillicothe,

and Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station,

Manhattan.

Method of Breeding,--Resulted from series

of crosses among lines low in hydrocyanic

acid, Tift, and Texas selection, followed by

repeated testing and selection. Last cross

made in 1942.

Description.--Low in prussic acid potential,

vigorous, resistant to leaf blight and anthracnose at northern locations. Mixed as to seed

color, with both light- and dark-colored seeds.

Early variety. Most of stalks dry.

Released.--1950, by Wisconsin Agricultural

Experiment Station.

Breeder Seed.--Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

STONEVILLE SELECTION

Selected at Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, Miss., ARS cooperating--

H. W. Johnson and P. G. Hogg.

Source. - -Sudangrass X sorghum selection

resistant to Helminthosporiumturcicum (seed

obtained in 1947 from C. L. Lefebvre, Beltsville, Md.) and sorgo introduction from Africa

(Mn 1054) resistant to zonate leaf spot and

rust (seed obtained in 1950 from O. H. Coleman. Meridian, Miss.).

Method of Breeding. --Cross made in greenhouse in winter of 1951 and F^ grown in field

that year. Selfing started in F^ generation and

has been continued since.

Description.--Increase of open-pollinated

seed of F4 line from above cross. Seed of this

selection produced in isolated block at Stoneville in 1956. Selection remains green in field

plantings until late summer, when it may

become spotted with gray leaf spot. Plant

size intermediate between sudangrass and

sorgo. High yield potential. Juice sweet.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing program.

Breeder Seed. - -Delta Branch Experiment

Station.

STONEVILLE SYNTHETIC 1

Selected at Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, Miss., ARS cooperating--

H. W. Johnson and P. G. Hogg.

Source.--Sudangrass X sorghum selection

resistant to Helminthosporium turcicum (seed

obtained in 1947 from C. L. Lefebvre, Beltsville, Md.) and sorgo introduction fronn Africa

(Mn 1054) resistant to zonate leaf spot and rust

(seed obtained in 1950 from O. H, Coleman,

Meridian, Miss.).

Method of Breeding.--Cross made ingreenhouse in winter of 1951; Fj grown in field that

year. Selfing started in F^ generation and has

been continued since.

Description.--Increase of mixed, openpollinated seed of two F4 lines from above

cross. Seed of this synthetic produced in

isolated block at Stoneville in 1956. Synthetic

remains green in field plantings until late

summer, when it may become spotted with

gray leaf spot. Plant size internnediate between sudangrass and sorgo. High yield potential. Juice sweet.

Released.--No. Included in regional testing program.

Breeder Seed.--Delta Branch Experiment

Station.

SWEET 372

Selected at Texas Agricultural Experiment

Station (Substation 12), Chillicothe, ARS cooperating--J. R. Quinby, R. E. Karper, and

J. C. Stephens.

Method of Breeding.--Mixture of strains

selected from intercrosses between strains

selected from cross between sudangrass and

Leoti sorghum. Selected strains all unusually

palatable to cattle.

De s c ription. - -Simila r to common sudangrass, except stems juicy and sweet and

glumes sienna in color. Plants grow 3-8 feet

tall and tiller freely. Stems less than 1/2

inch in diameter; leaves long and narrow.

Forage yield slightly above that of common

sudangrass, but increase in weight due to

higher seed production.

Released.--I943, cooperatively by Texas

Agricultural Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS,

Breeder Seed.--Texas Agricultural Experinnent Station (Substation 12).

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

SWEET 372(S1)

Selected by J. R. McNeill Seed Company,

Spur, Tex.--J. R. McNeill.

Source,--Single plant selection from field

of registered Sweet 372 sudangrass.

Method of Breeding.--Seed of this and other

selections planted in isolated blocks on dry

land having good underground moisture. Only

64
two of these seemed superior; only that

designated SI (selection 1) increased.

Description.--Single strain selection from

Sweet 372; synthetic composed of multiple

strains. Plants fine stemmed, free tillering,

with peduncles that recurve under weight of

heads. Seed covered by dense sienna glumes;

glabrous and glossy. Seedling vigor good!

Maturity 3-5 days earlier than average of

Sweet 372 sudangrass in high plains area of

Texas.

Released. - -Distributed by J. R. McNeill Seed

Company.

Breeder Seed.--J. R. McNeill Seed Company.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

TIFT

Selected at Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, ARS cooperating--Glenn

W. Burton.

Source. - -Developed from hybridizationprogram involving common sudangrass and Leoti

sorghum.

Method of Breeding.--Disease-resistant

plants in some 35,000 F^'s of cross between

connmon sudangrass and Leoti sorghum backcrossed to sudangrass. Thirty thousand F^^s

from these backcrosses gave superior individual that bred true for disease resistance

and uniform enough in other characteristics

to pernnit its increase in isolation and its

release as Tift.

Description.--Mixture of chocolate and tancolored seeds, basic tan plant color, fine

stemmed and leafy. Resistant to CoUetotrichum graminicolum, Helminthosporium turcicum, bacterial stripe, and bacterial streak.

Somewhat later maturing than other sudangrass varieties. During heavy disease epidemics produces more forage of higher quality

for longer period of time than disease-susceptible varieties.

Released.--1943, cooperatively by Georgia

Coastal Plain Experiment Station and Crops

Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

WHEELER

Selected by Carl Wheeler, Bridgeport, Kans.

Source.--Seed received from USDA in about

1911.

Description.--Early strain of common

sudangrass. In general, taller and higher

yielding than most common strains. Not very

leafy. Susceptible to disease. Hydrocyanic

acid potential comparable to that of common

types.

Released.--1915, by Carl Wheeler.

Breeder Seed.--Not available.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

WILD SUDAN

Source. --Seed collected by Paul Tabor in

1945 from naturalized stand at Clewiston,

Fla. Tested as SC 20-833. Sorghum sp.

De s c ription. - -Annual ; similar to sudangrass

in appearance. Seed shatter soon after maturity, remains sound for some time, volunteers freely. Extensively naturalized in Everglades area just south of Lake Okeechobee in

Florida. Susceptible to leaf and stem diseases;

resistant to drought.

Released. - -Distributed by SCS Nursery,

Thorsby, Ala., in 1950.

Breeder Seed.--Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Americus, Ga.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Sorghum vulgäre var. drummondii (Nees) Hack, ex Chiov., chicken corn

Source.--Seed collected near Epes, Ala.,

by W. C. Young in August 1939 from naturalized stand. This species introduced apparently by accident in Black Belt of Alabama

about 1860; became widespread few years

later. Practically disappeared as naturalized

plant. Tested as SC 26-104.

Description.--Wild sweet sorghum of medium size. Bears seed that shatters soonafter

maturity, remains sound over winter, germinates following spring and summer. Used in

wildlife plantings.

Released.--Distributed by SCS Nursery,

Thorsby, Ala., in 1950.

Breeder Seed. - -Plant Materials Center,

SCS, Americus, Ga.

Certified Seed. - -Not available. (Limited

commercial supplies.)

Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt. ) Kuntze, St. Augustine grass

BITTER BLUE

Selected originally from Florida lower east

coast.

Source.--Improved variety of St. Augustine

grass originally selected by tradesman of

grasses from lower east coast of Florida

Stories conflicting as to just who selected

variety and as to original source. Variety

known and widely used in commerce in Florida

for over 25 years. Brisk demands for St.

Augustine grass sod brought about widespread

misuse of name and misidentity of improved

variety with common and pasture-type

St Autrustine grass. Selections from several

source's under test at Florida Agricultural

Experiment Station, Gainesville.

65
Method of Breeding,--Not known, but surmised to be natural selection.

Description.--Improved St. Augustine grass

variety with closer internodes, shorter, more

narrow leaves, greater leaf density, and closer

growing habit than common type. Attractive

blue green, good shade tolerance, frost resistance. Does not tolerate continuous wear;

hence best adapted for ornamental turf.

Released. - -Never officially.

Breeder Stock.--Not available.

Certified Stock. - -Not available. (Available

commercially.)

Stipa hyalina Nees

T-20258

Increased at SCS Nursery, San Antonio,

Tex.--James E. Smith, Jr.

Source. - -Introduced from Pergamino, Argentina, as P. I. 197867, BN-7440. Tested as

T-20258.

Method of Breeding.--Observational tests.

Description.--Leafy perennial bunchgrass,

with light-green foliage. Heavy seed producer.

Stems about 30 inches tall under dryland

cultivation; often 5-6 feet tall under irrigation

and at seed maturity. Plants continue active

growth longer in spring than native^, leucotricha Trin. and Rupr. Seed small, about 3/16

inch long; blunt callus; very slender awn about

1-1/4 inches long. Volunteers aggressively

against such competition as irrigated blue

buffelgrass and johnsongrass.

Released.--No. Included in observational

plantings.

Breeder Seed. -Plant Materials Center, SCS,

San Antonio.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Stipa viridula Trin., green needlegrass

GREEN STIPA

Selected at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Mandan, N. Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Source.--Collection made near Mandan in

1935:

Method of Breeding.--Single plant selection

from above source; progeny .tested, increased,

and distributed as Mandan 397.

Description.--Superior to common green

needlegrass in forage and seed yields, improved seedling, and regrowth charactepistics.

Released. - -1946, cooperatively by North

Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and

Crops Research Division, ARS.

Breeder Seed.--United States Northern

Great Plains Field Station.

Certified Seed.--Available in quantity.

Stipa viridula X Oryzopsis hymenoides

MANDAN RICE GRASS

Selected at United States Northern Great

Plains Field Station, ARS, Mandan, N. Dak.--

George A. Rogler.

Source.--Amphidiploid of natural cross of

S. viridula and O. hymenoides. Fi hybrid occurred in nursery at Mandan in 1941; fertile

F 2 plant found in 1945.

Method of Breeding.--Natural intergeneric

hybridization followed by spontaneous chromosome doubling.

Description.--Morphologically intermediate

between two parent species, with growth habit

more closely approaching that of O. hymenoides.

Released.--No. Distributed for testing.

Breeder Seed. - -United States Northern

Great Plains Field Station.

Certified Seed.--Not available.

Zoysia japónica Steud., Japanese lawngrass

MEYER

Selected at Arlington Farms, Va., and Plant

Industry Station, ARS, Beltsville, Md., in cooperation with United States Golf Association

Green Section--Ian Forbes, Marvin H. Ferguson, and Fred V. Grau.

Source. - -Japanese lawngrass (Z, japónica

Steud.) seed introduced in 1930 from northern

Korea. Z^. japónica known to have been in United

States in 1895.

Method of Breeding.--Promising individual

plant selected at Arlington Farms in 1940.

Vegetative material moved to Beltsville in

1941; increased for testing inl947-48as Z-52.

Description.--Develops tough wear-resistant turf. Leaf width intermediate between that

of Z. matrella (L.) Merr. and Z. japónica.

Drought resistant, but will turn brown during

long dry periods. Grows and persists on relatively poor soils. Rate of spread and color

improved by applications of fertilizer and

66
irrigation. Competes very satisfactorily with

weeds and other grasses in areas where

adapted. Competition from other species increases time required to attain complete

coverage. Winter hardy, but in general only

recommended in areas with long, warm growing

season. Warm-season grass; becomes dormant

and brown with first frost in fall.

Released.--1951, cooperatively by Crops

Research Division, ARS, and United States

Golf Association Green Section. Name * 'Meyer"

honors memory of Frank N. Meyer, USDA

plant explorer.

Breeder Stock. - -Plant Industry Station, ARS,

Beltsville.

Certified Stock. - -Available. (Annple commercial stock.)

Z-73

Selected at Plant Industry Station, ARS,

Beltsville, Md., in cooperation with United

States Golf Association Green Section--Fred

V. Grau.

Source. - -Meyer zoysia.

Method of Breeding.--Single plant selection

made from plants grown from seed produced

on Meyer zoysia.

Description.--Vigorous, relatively fast

spreading. Leaf width intermediate between

Meyer and common Z. japónica. Winter hardy.

Produces good seed yields. Seed heads golden

tan. Appears to be less competitive to Kentucky bluegrass than Meyer. Suggested for use

in erosion control and on large lawns and

highways. Proposed name, '^Sunburst."

Released.--No. (Seed from Z-73 distributed

in 1952.)

Breeder Stock.--National Plant Materials

Center, SCS, Beltsville.

Zoysia japónica X Z. tenuifolla Willd. ex Trin.

EMERALD

Selected at Plant Industry Station, ARS,

Beltsville, Md.--Ian Forbes.

Source.--Selected from several F^ hybrids

between Z^ matrella varieties japónica and

tenuifo lia. Z. japónica parent introduced from

Korea and Z. tenuifolia parent from Agricultural Experiment Station at Guann.

Method of Breeding.--Hybrids made in all

possible c o nn bina t ion s between varieties

japónica, matrella, and tenuifolia. Selection

in F^ based on turf quality (leaf width, density,

color, growth habit) and winter hardiness.

Tested as experimental 34-35.

Description. - -Vegetatively propagated F^

hybrid (Z^. matrella var. japónica X Z. matrella

var. tenuifolia). In comparison with varieties

japónica, matrella, tenuifolia, and Meyer

zoysia at Beltsville and at Tifton, Ga., Emerald

had best total turf-quality score at both locations for 3 years. Combined to varying

degrees greater winter hardiness, nonfluffy

growth habit, and faster rate of spread of its

japónica parent with finer leaves, denser turf,

and dark-green color of its tenuifolia parent.

Exhibited hybrid vigor in rate of spread, browning, and density ratings. Considerably more

shade and frost tolerant than bermudagrass.

Released.--1953, cooperatively by Georgia

Agricultural Experiment Station; Crops Research Division, ARS; and United States Golf

Association Green Section.

Breeder Stock.--Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton.

Certified Stock.--Available in quantity.

Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr., manilagrass

F. C. 13521

Increased at Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn.

Source.--Received from H. N. Vinallin 1927.

F ~"C^ r3521 obtained originally from J. B.

Norton, Hartsville, S. C; probably selection

from S. P. I. 48574.

Description.--Fine, dark green. Leaf blades

usually 3-5 inches long when not mowed. Grows

very dense. Produces creeping stolons that

root profusely; ends of stolons cling to ground

and thus grow under competing plants. Stands

considerable shade; produces seed heads and

some seed in spring; has been rather free

from diseases and insects. Susceptible to

drought, but will recover rapidly when moisture

becomes available.

Released.--Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station.

Breeder Stock.--Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station.

Certified Stock.--Available.

67
Index of Scientific Names, Common Names, Varieties, and Strains

Page Page

A-68 39

A-84 39

A-130 47

A-1407 14

A-1488 9

A-1770 2

A-1876 4

A-2514 38

A-11 52 7 40

A-12445 22

A-12496 5

A-12752 39

A-14207 15

Achenbach 22

X Agrohordeum 9

Agropyron cristatum. 2

dasystachyum 2

desertorum 3

elongatum 4

inerme 5

intermedium 5

riparium 7

sibiricum 7

smithii 8

spicatum. 8

trachycaulum 8

trachycaulum X Hordeum jubatum 9

trichophorum 9

Agrostis canina 10

palustris 10

tenuis 12

Akaroa 31

Algerian 47

Alkar 4

Alopecurus arundinaceus I3

Alta 41

4-36 ;;; 41

144 41

Amur 5

Andropogon annulatus 13

caucasicus 14

gerardi 14

hallii 14

ischaemum. 14

nodosus 16

scoparius 16

angletongrass 16

Arboretum 53

Argentine 50

Arlington J^Q

Arrhenatherum elatius I7

Asheville 4^

Astoria 2 2

Avon 32

~^^ • 49

^^ • ••••• 40

B. in. 12 22

bahiagrass * CQ

Bayshore (Gene Tift) [[][ 28

beardless wheatgrass [] c

Beltsville Synthetic 4 .'!!!!!!!!! 62

bermudagrasses 28

big bluegrass 57

blue stem 14

Bitter Blue 65

black grama 19

Blackwell 48

Blando 27

Blue 51

blue grama I9

panicgrass 47

wildrye 38

bluebunch wheatgrass 8

Boer lovegrass 39

Bouteloua curtipendula 17

eriopoda 19

gracilis 19

Brage 32

B roma r 26

Bromus carinatus 20

catharticus 2I

coloratus 22

inermis 22

marginatus 26

mollis 27

tomentellus 27

browntop 12

brunswickgrass 50

Buchloë dactyloides 27

buffalograss 27

buffelgrass 51

bulbous bluegrass 53

Butte 17

Caddo 43

California brome , 20

23 ; 63

Canada wildrye 37

Capitán ig

Caprock ^g

Caucasian 14

blue stem 14

Chapel Hill !!!!!!!!!!!!! 21

Cheyenne 60

chicken corn 65

Clair 54

Clatsop 43

Climax 5c

Coastal !!!"* 28

Cohans ey 1 Q

Cold Hardy !.!!!!!!!!! 39

Collins **' 10

colonial bentgrass [[[ 12

Common (garawi) 63

Congressional JQ

^^^1^777 !!!!!!!!!!!!!;;;;::; 55

^ ^^9.. 55

Coronado i ^

creeping bentgrass !!!.!!.'!.'!.'!! 10

foxtail 13

crested wheatgrass \[ 2 3

Cucamonga 20

Cynodon spp 23

68
Page

Dactylis glomerata 3j

Dahlgreni,

dallisgrass 40

Davis iQ

?«^*^--......!!!!!!!!!!!!! 58

Diaz bluestem ^3

Digitaria decumbens 3¿

Drummond 55

Dunlap jg

Durai 55

Duraturf 43

Ehrharta calycina 37

El Kan I5

Reno 17

Elsberry..., 22

Elymus canadensis 37

cinereus~. 37

giganteas 38

glaucusTT. 38

june eus 38

Emerald 67

Empire 59

Ensign4Z

Eragrostis chloromelas 39

lehmanniana 39

trichodes 40

Essex 55

Everglades1 Z8

fairway wheatgrassZ

F. C. 135Z1;. 67

Festuca arundinacea 41

elatior 4Z

idahoensis 4Z

ovina• 43

var. duriuscula 43

rubra 43

Finnish Late Hay 3Z

Fischer ^^

Flagstaff 19

Florida Rust Resistant ^^

Formosa ^^

foxtail millet ^9

Gahi1 52

Garrison ^^

Georgia Selection ¿^

337 ^^

German8 ^^

8A 60 p 60 ^ 00

giant wildrye ^°

Goar,/

green needlegrass

Green Stipa

Greenar ^Q

Greenfield.

Greenleaf..

Gulf

45

H-l 43 hard fescue ^^

hardinggrass

Page

Hardy 30

Hercules 32

Highland j^

Homesteader ¿3

Mope 18

Hopkins 55

Hueco 19

Huron 55

Hybrid SJ 52

Idaho fescue 42 3 5 4 6

Illahee 44

Indian ricegrass 47

indiangrass 60

intermediate wheatgrass5

loreed 53

Iowa MZ-108Z06

synthetics 3Z

Italian ryegrass 44

Itasca 56

Japanese lawngrass 66

Jeanerette Z3

Johnsongrass 61

Kalahari 40

Kansas Experimental 60

Kaw 14

KB-143(ZZ3)....; 58

KB-176(ZZ) 58

Kentucky bluegrass 58

59G1-3Z 4Z

Select 3Z

Synthetic 3Z

31 41

Kernwood 10

KG-1580 16

King Ranch (KR) 15

kleingrass 47

koleagrass 54

Kühl 23

La Estanzuela Z84 45

Lahoma 63

Lamont Zl

Lancaster ¿3

Latar 33

Lehmann lovegrass 39

Lincoln ^3

little bluestem 16

Lolium multiflorum ^^

X~L. perenne ^^ X L. rigidum ^^

perenneZ

t. . 30

Lomas.

Lo rain T Z4 Lyon

MZ-1030Z 60

MZ-11108 37

MZ-1114Z 33

Manchar ^^

69
Page Page

Mandan^ '

D-19 ^^

315 53

404• 24

4568

7591

1274D

2194B3

2355 38

2359I

Rice grass y^

manilagrass "J

Marash ^^

Marfa ^^

Marietta ^^

Martin ^"^

meadow fescue ^^

Medio ^^

Medon ^^

Merion 58

Merkeron 53

Mesa ^^

Metropolitan 11

Meyer ^^

Michigan B-2 24

Midland 29

Milton 56

Minnesota synthetics 24

Mississippi Fine Stem 61

ISJ i>l

Persistent ^^

SJ-1 i>l

SJ-2 62

mountain brome 26

napiergrass 53

NCS-511 42

Nebraska 103

27 40

28 48

506

35762

985264

New York SyntheticB 57

D 33 E (Aurora) 33 L 25

Zealand12, 42

Newport 58

NK-37 29

Nonshedding, 37

Norbeck 11

Nordan3

Norlea^ 46

Oklahoma (Chapel Hill) 25 1 25 8 63

4880 39

Old Orchard 11

Olds 44

orchardgrass3i

Oregon 233 33 O rmond ¿9

Oryzopsis hymenoides 47

miliacea 47

P-27 "7

P-274 4^3

P-312 4^6

P-739^

P-18222

P-2447 27

P-2517 "^^

P-2575 4^7

P-4358 59

P-4874 58

P-5797 37

P-6435 ^^

P-14762 i3

Palestine 34

pangolagrass 36

Panicum antidotale ^^

coloratum ^^

virffatum^8

sr rj

Paraguay ^^

22 50

Park 59

Parkland 25

Paspalum dilatatum ^9 ' 50 nicorae ^^

notatum 50

Pasture Laboratory synthetics,1 through

7 34

pearl millet 52

Pecos 20

Penne ross^^

Pennisetum ciliare 51

glaucum 52

purpureum 53

Pennlate 34

Pennlawn 44

PennluH

Pennsylvania synthetics 34

Pensacola 50 X common 50

perennial ryegrass 46

Perennial Sweet 62

perennial veldtgrass 37

Phalaris arundinacea 53

coerulescens 54

tuberosa var. hirtiglumis 54

var. stenoptera 54

Phleum pratense 54

P. I. 155084 51

Piper 64

plains bluegrass 57

Poa ampia 57

árida. 57

bulbosa 58

pratensis 58

Potomac 35

Prairie 2I

Pretoria 90 13

Primar8

Prince Edward Island 12

Prostrate 49

pubescent wheatgrass9

70
Page

Rainier 44

Raritan.... ^Q

red fescue 43

Ree]..Z..y. 6

reed canarygrass 53

Reno 57

Rescue 440 ¿1

rescuegrass ¿1

Rhode Island 12

Roy 20

Ruidoso 20

Russian wildrye 38

Rye Grass 12 45

S-23 46

S-24 46

S-37 35 S-101 46

S-143 35

St. Augustine grass 65

sand bluestem 14

lovegrass 40

Sand Strain8

Sandburg ¿^

Sandia 35

Saratoga ¿^

Seaside ^^

Selection7 52

75 47

Setaria itálica ^9

sheep fescue ^^

Shelby 57

Sherman .,.« 57

Siberian wheatgrass7

sideoats grama 17

slender wheatgrass8

smilograss ^7

smooth brome ^^

Sodar '

soft chess yj

Sorghastrum nutans ^^

Sorghunn Almum ^^

Sorghum almum^

halepense,

X Sj, sudanense^

X S. vulgäre ^^

sudanense••.

vulgäre var. drummondii^

sorgrass

South Dakota 15l

20T

Southland ^!?

standard crested wheatgrass^

Starr/c

Stenotaphrum secundatum ^^

Stipa hyalina /,

viridula//

X Oryzopsis hymenoides^

Stoneville rust-resistant strains ^^

Selection ^4

Synthetic1 -7

streambank wheatgrass ^^

sudangra ss3

Summit

Page

sunolgrass 54

Sunturf 30

Superior 54

Suwannee 30

Swallow 57

Sweet 372 64

372(S1) 64

switchgrass 48

Synthetic1 48

20 20

40 20

T-4464 51

T15327 47

T-20258 66

tall fescue 41

oatgrass 17

wheatgrass4

Temple 19

Tennessee strains 42

Texas 46 22

Texturf IF 30

10 30

thickspike wheatgrass2

Tiffine 30

Tifgreen 31

Tifhi1 51

Tiflawn 31

Tift i>5

Tifton1 "^5

timothy 54

Topar^

Toronto ^^

Trailway ^^

Trogdon ^5

Troy 59

Tualatin 17

Tucson 18

Turkish^

U-3 31

Uganda 31

Utah 42-14

1099

Synthetic ^^

Uvalde 1^

Van Horn ^0

Vaughn |^

velvet bentgrass 1^

Volga ^^

Wi19,20,40

W219,20.40

W319. 20,40

W419,20,40

W5 ^2,

Washington,

H-2 ^g

western wheatgrass ^^

Wheeler5

Whitmar ^^5

Wild Sudan

71
Page Page

Wilmington 51 yellow bluestem 14

Wimmera 45 indiangrass ¿0

Wisconsin B-55 26

B-63 26 Z-73 67

52 36 Zoysia japónica 66

Woodward 14 X Z. tenuifolia 67

strains 18, 19,40,49 nnatrella 67

72

t^U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959 O - 515554