IN THE

TENTH COURT OF APPEALS

No. 10-07-00367-CR

LEONARD WAFER,

Appellant

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,

Appellee

From the 13th District Court

Navarro County, Texas

Trial Court No. 31,328

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Leonard Wafer appeals his conviction for the offense of aggravated kidnapping 

with a deadly weapon and thirty-year prison sentence. We will affirm.

Wafer’s sole issue complains that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient 

to support a finding that he did not voluntarily release the victim in a safe place. See 

generally Cooks v. State, 169 S.W.3d 288 (Tex. App—Texarkana 2005, pet. ref’d). The 

indictment charged Wafer with the aggravated kidnapping of his wife, Marie. A person 

commits aggravated kidnapping if he intentionally or knowingly abducts another 
Wafer v. State Page 2

person and uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the offense. 

TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 20.04(b) (Vernon 2003); Hines v. State, 75 S.W.3d 444, 446 (Tex. 

Crim. App. 2002). “At the punishment stage of a trial, the defendant may raise the issue 

as to whether he voluntarily released the victim in a safe place. If the defendant proves 

the issue in the affirmative by a preponderance of the evidence, the offense is a felony of 

the second degree.” TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 20.04(d).

Trial was before the court. The State maintains that Wafer has not preserved this 

issue for appellate review because he did not raise voluntary release in the trial court. 

A defendant in an aggravated kidnapping case has the burden of raising and proving 

voluntary release in a safe place and must bring it to the trial court’s attention. See id.; 

Posey v. State, 966 S.W.2d 57, 63 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998); Carreon v. State, 63 S.W.3d 37, 39 

(Tex. App—Texarkana 2001, pet. ref’d); Hernandez v. State, No. 14-06-00200-CR, 2007 

WL 43768, at *1 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Jan. 9, 2007, pet. ref’d) (not designated 

for publication).

Wafer does not point to any place in the record where he raised the voluntary 

release issue in the trial court, requested the trial court to find voluntary release, or 

otherwise brought it to the trial court’s attention, and our review has discovered none. 

Accordingly, Wafer has not preserved his issue for appellate review. See TEX. R. APP. P.

33.1(a); Hernandez, 2007 WL 43768, at *1.

Wafer also reasons that he was harmed by the thirty-year sentence because the 

punishment range for a second-degree felony is not more than twenty years or less than 

two years. See TEX. PEN. CODE ANN. § 12.33 (Vernon 2003). Thus, a finding that he had 
Wafer v. State Page 3

voluntarily released his victim in a safe place would render the sentence outside the 

proper range of punishment. However, the State sought enhanced punishment with 

Wafer’s prior felony conviction, which the trial court found true and thus elevated the 

second-degree felony to a first-degree felony. See id. § 12.42(b) (Vernon Supp. 2008). 

The punishment range for a first-degree felony is not more than ninety-nine years or 

less than five years, or life. Id. § 12.33 (Vernon 2003). Therefore, even if the trial court 

had found that Wafer had released the victim in a safe place, the thirty-year sentence is 

within the applicable punishment range.

Wafer’s sole issue is overruled, and we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

REX D. DAVIS

Justice

Before Chief Justice Gray,

Justice Reyna, and

Justice Davis

(Chief Justice Gray does not join the opinion and concurs in the judgment only to 

the extent it affirms the trial court’s judgment. A separate opinion will not issue.)

Affirmed

Opinion delivered and filed August 12, 2009

Do not publish

[CRPM]