# Patent

## Title
Switch stand-by mode isolation improvement

## Abstract

Systems, apparatuses and methods are disclosed providing a semiconductor die comprising a semiconductor substrate and a radio-frequency (RF) switch including one or more series field-effect transistors (FETs) and one or more shunt FETs, each of the one or more series FETs and one or more shunt FETs having a respective gate node, the RF switch being configured to receive an RF signal from a power amplifier module and provide the RF signal to an antenna. The semiconductor die may further comprise an internal regulator voltage source configured to provide an internal regulator voltage when the RF switch is in a stand-by mode and shunt arm control circuitry configured to provide the internal regulator voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt FETs when the RF switch is in the stand-by mode.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/043,833, filed on Aug. 29, 2014, entitled SWITCH STAND-BY MODE ISOLATION IMPROVEMENT, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.


BACKGROUND
Field
The present disclosure generally relates to the field of electronics, and more particularly, to radio-frequency (RF) devices.
Description of Related Art
In RF devices, RF switching devices can be used to route electrical signals. RF isolation between can be an important parameter in certain RF devices.
SUMMARY
In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a semiconductor die including a semiconductor substrate and a radio-frequency (RF) switch including one or more series field-effect transistors (FETs) and one or more shunt FETs, each of the one or more series FETs and one or more shunt FETs having a respective gate node, the RF switch being configured to receive an RF signal from a power amplifier module and provide the RF signal to an antenna. The semiconductor die may further include an internal regulator voltage source configured to provide an internal regulator voltage when the RF switch is in a stand-by mode and shunt arm control circuitry configured to provide the internal regulator voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt FETs when the RF switch is in the stand-by mode.
In certain embodiments, the RF switch is in a stand-by mode when the power amplifier module is powered-down. The internal regulator voltage may be between 1.0 and 1.5 V.
The shunt arm control circuitry may be further configured to provide a voltage regulator voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt FETs when the RF switch is in an active ON mode. Om certain embodiments, the shunt arm control circuitry is further configured to provide the voltage regulator voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt FETs when the voltage regulator voltage is greater than the internal regulator voltage and to provide the internal regulator voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt FETs when the voltage regulator voltage is less than the internal regulator voltage. The shunt arm control circuitry may be further configured to provide a negative voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt FETs when the RF switch is in an active OFF mode.
In certain embodiments, the shunt arm control circuitry includes a plurality of pFETs connected in series. A drain or source of one of the plurality of pFETs may be connected to at least one of the gate nodes of the one or more shunt FETs. Furthermore, a gate of one of the plurality of pFETs is connected to a voltage regulator voltage that is greater than approximately 2.0 V when the power amplifier module is fully powered.
Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide a shunt arm control circuit for a switching device including a first input node connected to a voltage regulator voltage, a second input node connected to an internal regulator voltage, a third input node connected to a charge pump voltage, and connection circuitry configured to connect the first input node to gates one or more shunt FETs of a switching device when the switching device is in an active ON mode, to connect the second input node to the gates of the one or more shunt FETs when the switching device is in a stand-by mode, and to connect the third input node to the gates of the one or more shunt FETs when the switching device is in an active OFF mode.
In certain embodiments, the switching device is in the stand-by mode, the switching device is not fully powered. When the switching device is in the stand-by mode, the internal regulator voltage may be greater than the voltage regulator voltage. When the switching device is in the active ON mode or the active OFF mode, the switching device may be substantially powered-up. In certain embodiments, when the switching device is in the active ON mode or the active OFF mode, the voltage regulator voltage is greater than the internal regulator voltage.
The internal regulator voltage may be generated from a bandgap reference. In certain embodiments, the internal regulator voltage is between 1.0 and 1.5 V.
The shunt arm control circuit may further include a plurality of pFETs connected in series. In certain embodiments, a drain or source of one of the plurality of pFETs is connected to at least one of the gates of the one or more shunt FETs. A gate of another of the plurality of pFETs may be connected to the first node and a drain or source of the other of the plurality of pFETs may be connected to the second node.
In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a radio-frequency (RF) device including a transceiver configured to generate an RF signal, a power amplifier (PA) in communication with the transceiver, the PA configured to amplify the RF signal, and an RF switch including one or more series field-effect transistors (FETs) and one or more shunt FETs, each of the one or more series FETs and one or more shunt FETs having a respective gate node, the RF switch being configured to receive the amplified RF signal and provide the amplified RF signal via the one or more series FETs. The RF device may further include an internal regulator voltage source configured to provide an internal regulator voltage when the RF switch is in a stand-by mode, shunt arm control circuitry configured to provide the internal regulator voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt FETs when the RF switch is in the stand-by mode, and an antenna configured to receive the amplified RF signal and facilitate transmission of the amplified RF signal. In certain embodiments, the RF device includes a wireless device. The wireless device may be, for example, a cellular phone.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various embodiments are depicted in the accompanying drawings for illustrative purposes, and should in no way be interpreted as limiting the scope of the inventions. In addition, various features of different disclosed embodiments can be combined to form additional embodiments, which are part of this disclosure. Throughout the drawings, reference numbers may be reused to indicate correspondence between reference elements.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a radio-frequency (RF) switch according to one or more embodiments.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a RF switch according to one or more embodiments.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an RF core of an RF switch according to one or more embodiments.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of an RF core of an RF switch according to one or more embodiments.
FIG. 5A is a diagram of an example switching device in a stand-by mode of operation according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5B is a diagram of an example switching device in an ON mode of operation according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5C is a diagram of an example switching device in an OFF mode of operation according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a shunt arm control circuit in accordance with one or more embodiments.
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating potential performance values for stand-by mode isolation for a system incorporating stand-by mode isolation using an internal voltage regulator according to one or more embodiments.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing possible improvement in performance for a front-end module implementing stand-by mode isolation according to one or more embodiments.
FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate a plan view and side view, respectively, of an RF module according to one or more embodiments.
FIG. 10 schematically depicts an example wireless communication device having one or more advantageous features described herein according to an embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
While certain embodiments are described, these embodiments are presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the scope of protection.
FIG. 1 schematically shows a radio-frequency (RF) switch 100 configured to switch one or more signals between one or more poles 102 and one or more throws 104. In some embodiments, such a switch can be based on one or more field-effect transistors (FETs) such as silicon-on-insulator (SOI) FETs. When a particular pole is connected to a particular throw, such a path is commonly referred to as being closed or in an ON state. When a given path between a pole and a throw is not connected, such a path is commonly referred to as being open or in an OFF state.
FIG. 2 shows that in some implementations, the RF switch 100 of FIG. 1 can include an RF core 110 and an energy management (EM) core 112. The RF core 110 can be configured to route RF signals between the first and second ports. In the example single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) configuration shown in FIG. 2, such first and second ports can include a pole 102a and a first throw 104a, or the pole 102a and a second throw 104b. 
In some embodiments, the EM core 112 can be configured to supply, for example, voltage control signals to the RF core 110. The EM core 112 can be further configured to provide the RF switch 100 with logic decoding and/or power supply conditioning capabilities.
In some embodiments, the RF core 110 can include one or more poles and one or more throws to enable passage of RF signals between one or more inputs and one or more outputs of the switch 100. For example, the RF core 110 can include a single-pole double-throw (SPDT or SP2T) configuration, as shown in FIG. 2.
In the example SPDT context, FIG. 3 shows a more detailed example configuration of an RF core 110. The RF core 110 is shown to include a single pole 102a coupled to first and second throw nodes 104a, 104b via first and second transistors (e.g., FETs) 120a, 120b. The first throw node 104a is shown to be coupled to an RF ground via a FET 122a to provide shunting capability for the node 104a. Similarly, the second throw node 104b is shown to be coupled to the RF ground via a FET 122b to provide shunting capability for the node 104b. 
In an example operation, when the RF core 110 is in a state where an RF signal is being passed between the pole 102a and the first throw 104a, the FET 120a between the pole 102a and the first throw node 104a can be in an ON state, and the FET 120b between the pole 102a and the second throw node 104b can be in an OFF state. For the shunt FETs 122a, 122b, the shunt FET 122a can be in an OFF state so that the RF signal is not shunted to ground as it travels from the pole 102a to the first throw node 104a. The shunt FET 122b associated with the second throw node 104b can be in an ON state so that any RF signals or noise arriving at the RF core 110 through the second throw node 104b is shunted to the ground so as to reduce undesirable interference effects to the pole-to-first-throw operation.
Although the foregoing example is described in the context of a single-pole-double-throw configuration, it will be understood that the RF core can be configured with other numbers of poles and throws. For example, there may be more than one pole, and the number of throws can be less than or greater than the example number of two.
In the example of FIG. 3, the transistors between the pole 102a and the two throw nodes 104a, 104b are depicted as single transistors. In some implementations, such switching functionalities between the pole(s) and the throw(s) can be provided by switch arm segments, where each switch arm segment includes a plurality of transistors such as FETs.
An example RF core configuration 130 of an RF core having switch arm segments is shown in FIG. 4. In the example, the pole 102a and the first throw node 104a are shown to be coupled via a first switch arm segment 140a. Similarly, the pole 102a and the second throw node 104b are shown to be coupled via a second switch arm segment 140b. The first throw node 104a is shown to be capable of being shunted to an RF ground via a first shunt arm segment 142a. Similarly, the second throw node 104b is shown to be capable of being shunted to the RF ground via a second shunt arm segment 142b. 
In an example operation, when the RF core 130 is in a state where an RF signal is being passed between the pole 102a and the first throw node 104a, all of the FETs in the first switch arm segment 140a can be in an ON state, and all of the FETs in the second switch arm segment 104b can be in an OFF state. The first shunt arm 142a for the first throw node 104a can have all of its FETs in an OFF state so that the RF signal is not shunted to ground as it travels from the pole 102a to the first throw node 104a. All of the FETs in the second shunt arm 142b associated with the second throw node 104b can be in an ON state so that any RF signals or noise arriving at the RF core 130 through the second throw node 104b is shunted to the ground so as to reduce undesirable interference effects to the pole-to-first-throw operation.
Again, although described in the context of an SP2T configuration, it will be understood that RF cores having other numbers of poles and throws can also be implemented.
In some implementations, a switch arm segment (e.g., 140a, 140b, 142a, 142b) can include one or more semiconductor transistors such as FETs. In some embodiments, an FET may be capable of being in a first state or a second state and can include a gate, a drain, a source, and a body (sometimes also referred to as a substrate. In some embodiments, an FET can include a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). In some embodiments, one or more FETs can be connected in series forming a first end and a second end such that an RF signal can be routed between the first end and the second end when the FETs are in a first state (e.g., ON state).
Examples of FET Structures and Fabrication Process Technologies
A switching device can be implemented on-die, off-die, or some combination thereof. A switching device can also be fabricated using various technologies. In some embodiments, RF switching devices can be fabricated with silicon or silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology.
As described herein, an RF switching device can be implemented using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. In some embodiments, SOI technology can include a semiconductor substrate having an embedded layer of electrically insulating material, such as a buried oxide layer beneath a silicon device layer. For example, an SOI substrate can include an oxide layer embedded below a silicon layer. Other insulating materials known in the art can also be used.
Implementation of RF applications, such as an RF switching device, using SOI technology can improve switching device performance. In some embodiments, SOI technology can enable reduced power consumption. Reduced power consumption can be desirable in RF applications, including those associated with wireless communication devices. SOI technology can enable reduced power consumption of device circuitry due to decreased parasitic capacitance of transistors and interconnect metallization to a silicon substrate. Presence of a buried oxide layer can also reduce junction capacitance or use of high resistivity substrate, enabling reduced substrate-related RF losses. Electrically isolated SOI transistors can facilitate stacking, contributing to decreased chip size.
In some SOI FET configurations, each transistor can be configured as a finger-based device where the source and drain are rectangular shaped (in a plan view) and a gate structure extends between the source and drain like a rectangular shaped finger. FET devices described herein can include a p-type FET or an n-type FET. Thus, although some FET devices are described herein as p-type devices, it will be understood that various concepts associated with such p-type devices can also apply to n-type devices, and vice versa.
A pMOSFET can include an insulator layer formed on a semiconductor substrate. The insulator layer can be formed from materials such as silicon dioxide or sapphire. An n-well may be formed in the insulator such that the exposed surface generally defines a rectangular region. Source (S) and drain (D) may be p-doped regions whose exposed surfaces generally define rectangles. S/D regions can be configured so that source and drain functionalities are reversed. In certain embodiments, a gate (G) can be formed on the n-well so as to be positioned between the source and the drain.
In certain embodiments, a drain of one FET acts as a source of its neighboring FET. Thus, a multiple-finger FET device as a whole can provide a voltage-dividing functionality. For example, an RF signal can be provided at one of the outermost p-doped regions; and as the signal passes through the series of FETs, the signal's voltage can be divided among the FETs.
In some implementations, a plurality of multi-finger FET devices can be connected in series as a switch to, for example, further facilitate the voltage-dividing functionality. A number of such multi-finger FET devices can be selected based on, for example, power handling requirement of the switch.
Stand-By Mode Isolation
In certain switching devices and modules, OFF-state isolation is a performance parameter that can provide a measure of the RF isolation between an input port and an output port of an RF switch. In some embodiments, OFF-state isolation can be a measure of the RF isolation of a switching device while the switching device is in a state where an input port and an output port are electrically isolated, for example while the switching device is in an OFF state. Increased switching device isolation can improve RF signal integrity. In certain embodiments, an increase in isolation can improve wireless communication device performance.
Isolation can be negatively affected by parasitic capacitances in transistor devices. For example, when a transistor 122a or 122b of FIG. 3 is in an OFF state, wherein drain-to-source current in the transistor is substantially inhibited, parasitic capacitances may exist between one or more terminals of the transistor, which can negatively impact performance of the RF core 110. Various parasitic capacitances of the transistors 120a, 120b may be created at least in part by the depletion regions between source/drain and bulk substrate of the transistors.
Certain embodiments of RF communications systems/modules include a switching device, as described above, configured to receive an RF input signal corresponding to an output signal of a power amplifier module, such as a GSM power amplifier module, for example. An example communication device including one or more power amplifier modules connected to one or more switching modules is described in further detail below with respect to FIG. 11. The output power from the power amplifier module(s) may be controlled at least in part by a Vramp signal that also controls the associated power-versus-time (PVT) mask.
At the beginning of a power-up sequences, the power amplifier module may desirably be configured to deliver no more than, for example, −55 dBm output power to an associated antenna port while the input power is, for example, 6 dBm. Such configurations and/or requirements may necessitate the utilization of relatively high-isolation switch(es). For example, certain switching devices as described herein may be configured to provide approximately 61 dB or more isolation.
High forward isolation performance in switching devices for power-up/stand-by mode isolation may be achieved in various ways. As one example, switching devices may be designed using HBT die having good isolation. However, such designs may be associated with certain simulation difficulties. Another example method may involve increasing isolation in the laminate. However, such designs may introduce undesirable size penalties and/or necessitate architectural modifications. In certain embodiments, switching between transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) modes before the power amplifier module is powered on may improve stand-by mode isolation. However, such a configuration may require undesirable modifications in control logic.
Certain embodiments disclosed herein provide switch isolation improvement without requiring high-isolation HBT dies and/or laminates, through the implementation of stand-by (STB) mode isolation improvement in shunt arm gate voltage control circuitry. FIG. 5A is a diagram of an example switching device 500 including an RF core 710 having series and shunt switch arm segments. Although each of the series arm and the shunt arm of the RF core 710 shows only a single switch, such switch may comprise a plurality transistors, each having a respective gate. At a given time, the circuit 500 may be in an active or inactive state. In an active state, the circuit 500 is configured to receive a voltage regulation signal and/or a charge pump voltage signal, wherein the voltage regulation signal provides a gate voltage for turning one of the series and shunt arms ON, whereas the charge pump voltage signal may provide a gate voltage for turning the other of the series and shunt arms OFF. That is, the active state may comprise two states with respect to the RF core 710, an ON state, in which the series arm is ON and the shunt arm is OFF, and an OFF state, in which the shunt arm is ON and the series arm is OFF. Such OFF and On states are illustrated in FIGS. 5B and 5C. One or more of the transistors in the circuit 500 may be floating body transistors, which may allow for relatively quick switching performance. The charge pump voltage (Vcp) may be provided by a charge pump comprising a DC-to-DC converter configured to utilize one or more capacitors as energy storage elements for creating a low-voltage power source from the power supply rail.
The gates of the respective series and shunt arm transistors are controlled by a series arm control circuit 718 and a shunt arm control circuit 717, respectively. In particular, the series arm control circuit 718 may be configured to selectively connect the gate of one or more transistors of the series arm of the RF core 710 to a voltage regulator signal (Vreg) or a charge pump voltage (Vcp). In certain embodiments, the series arm control circuit 718 may be further configured to selectively connect the series gate(s) to ground. Vreg may be any desirable value designed to cause the series and/or gate transistor(s) to operate in a substantially ON state, wherein an electrical current can flow between drain and source nodes of the transistor(s). For example, during active operation, Vreg may have a value of approximately 2.3 V, 2.5 V, or some other value. The value of Vcp, on the other hand, may advantageously be less than or equal to 0 V. For example, Vcp may have a value of approximately −2.1 V in certain embodiments, or some other value.
In a stand-by state of operation, there may be substantially no voltage supplied at the Vreg and/or Vcp nodes. For example, the stand-by state may correspond to a state in which the switch device and/or an associated power amplifier module are substantially powered-down, or in a state of powering-up. As described above, it may be desirable in certain embodiments to activate the shunt arm of the RF core 710 during stand-by mode in order to improve stand-by isolation. However, without a substantial positive voltage available at the Vreg node, it may not be possible to sufficiently switch on the shunt arm transistor(s) using Vreg.
In certain embodiments, the circuit 500 may be configured to receive power for activating the shunt arm transistor(s) from a separate source other than Vreg in order to improve stand-by isolation. For example, certain embodiments disclosed herein provide utilization of an internal bandgap voltage regulator for activating shunt arm transistor(s) to improve stand-by isolation.
The internal regulator voltage may be derived from a bandgap voltage reference, which may provide a temperature-independent, substantially-fixed voltage. The internal regulator voltage may be substantially independent of power supply variations, temperature changes and/or device loading. The bandgap reference may provide an output voltage around 1.25 V, and may be derived from the voltage difference between semiconductor p-n junctions, which may be used to generate a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current in a first resistor. This current may be used to generate a voltage in a second resistor. This voltage may in turn be added to the voltage of a junction. The ratio between the first and second resistors may be selected such that the first order effects of the temperature dependency of the junction and the PTAT current substantially cancel out. The resulting voltage may be approximately 1.2-1.3 V, depending on the particular technology and/or circuit design. In certain embodiments, the reference voltage is used to generate an internal regulator voltage of approximately 1.21 V. The internal regulator voltage may be available even when the voltage regulator Vreg is powered down.
FIG. 5A shows the stand-by mode operation according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown, in stand-by mode, the series arm transistor(s) of the RF core 710 may be OFF. Therefore, the series arm control circuit 718 may be tied to ground or otherwise be connected to a voltage signal at or near 0 V, which may produce a substantially open series arm circuit.
The shunt arm control circuit 717 may be configured to provide an internal regulator voltage (Vir) to the gate(s) of the shunt arm transistor(s) when the circuit 500 is in stand-by mode. The shunt arm control circuit 500 may be provided in parallel with an existing circuit, which provides a high voltage (Vreg) to control the shunt arm when the circuit 500 is in an OFF mode and a low voltage (Vcp) to control the shunt arm when the circuit 500 is in an ON state. In certain embodiments, the circuit 500 is configured to disconnect from the existing shunt arm control circuit during stand-by mode.
FIG. 5B illustrates the circuit 500 in an active ON mode of operation. In ON mode, the circuit 500 receives a high voltage (e.g., 2.5 V) at the Vreg node and such voltage is provided to the series arm transistor gate(s) of the RF core by the series arm control circuit 718 in order to turn on the series arm. Furthermore, the shunt arm control circuit 717 provides a low voltage (Vcp) to the shunt arm transistor gate(s) in order to turn off the shunt arm.
FIG. 5C illustrates the circuit 500 in an active OFF mode of operation. In OFF mode, the circuit 500 receives a high voltage (e.g., 2.5 V) at the Vreg node and such voltage is provided to the shunt arm transistor gate(s) of the RF core by the shunt arm control circuit 717 in order to turn on the shunt arm. Furthermore, the series arm control circuit 718 provides a low voltage (Vcp) to the series arm transistor gate(s) in order to turn off the series arm.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a shunt arm control circuit 617 in accordance with an embodiment. The circuit 617 may be used for floating-body switching to turn on the shunt arm 624 during stand-by mode, as described herein. In certain embodiments, the circuit 617 is configured in parallel with an existing shunt arm control circuit.
The circuit may include a first node configured to receive a voltage regulator signal Vreg. The circuit 617 further includes a second node configured to receive an internal regulator voltage. The circuit 617 may further include one or more nodes connected to one or more shunt arm transistor gates to provide a control signal thereto. The circuit 617 may be configured to provide the internal regulator voltage (e.g., 1.2 V) to the shunt arm when the voltage level Vreg is below a threshold value. For example, the circuit 617 may provide the internal regulator voltage to the shunt arm 624 when the voltage Vreg is less than the internal regulator voltage. Although the circuit 617 includes pFET transistors, it should be understood that the circuit may include other types of transistors in addition, or in alternative, to those shown in FIG. 6.
In certain embodiments, while in an active state, the shunt-arm will have Vreg (e.g., 2.5 V) or Vcp (e.g., −2.1) as gate voltages. Therefore, according to the configuration of FIG. 6, when the Vreg is powered-up (i.e., the circuit is in an active state), the circuit is effectively OFF, wherein a parallel Vreg or Vcp value may be provided to the shunt arm. When Vreg is powered-off, the circuit 617 may effectively be ON, wherein current may flow through the transistors. When the circuit 617 is ON, the internal regulator voltage may be provided to the shunt arm 624 through the transistors.
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating potential performance values for stand-by mode isolation for a system incorporating stand-by mode isolation using an internal voltage regulator, as disclosed herein. As shown, in certain embodiments, more than 6 dB isolation improvement may be achievable using principles disclosed herein.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing possible improvement in performance for a front-end module implementing stand-by mode isolation, as disclosed herein, compared to a comparable system without such features. The curve 801, for example, may represent performance for a system not including stand-by mode isolation, whereas the curve 802 may represent performance for a system including stand-by mode isolation, as described herein.
Packaged Module Implementation
In some embodiments, one or more die having one or more features described herein can be implemented in a packaged module. An example of such a module is shown in FIGS. 9A (plan view) and 9B (side view). A module 810 is shown to include a packaging substrate 812. Such a packaging substrate can be configured to receive a plurality of components, and can include, for example, a laminate substrate. The components mounted on the packaging substrate 812 can include one or more dies. In the example shown, a die 800 having a switching circuit 820 and a stand-by mode isolation circuit 817 is shown to be mounted on the packaging substrate 812. The die 800 can be electrically connected to other parts of the module (and with each other where more than one die is utilized) through connections, such as connection-wirebonds 816. Such connection wirebonds can be formed between contact pads 818 formed on the die 800 and contact pads 814 formed on the packaging substrate 812. In some embodiments, one or more surface mounted devices (SMDs) 822 can be mounted on the packaging substrate 812 to facilitate various functionalities of the module 810.
In some embodiments, the packaging substrate 812 can include electrical connection paths for interconnecting the various components with each other and/or with contact pads for external connections. For example, a connection path 832 is depicted as interconnecting the example SMD 822 and the die 800. In another example, a connection path 832 is depicted as interconnecting the SMD 822 with an external-connection contact pad 834. In yet another example, a connection path 832 is depicted as interconnecting the die 800 with ground-connection contact pads 836.
In some embodiments, a space above the packaging substrate 812 and the various components mounted thereon can be filled with an overmold structure 830. Such an overmold structure can provide a number of desirable functionalities, including protection for the components and wirebonds from external elements, and easier handling of the packaged module 810.
Wireless Device Implementation
In some implementations, a device and/or a circuit having one or more features described herein can be included in an RF device such as a wireless device. Such a device and/or a circuit can be implemented directly in the wireless device, in a modular form as described herein, or in some combination thereof. In some embodiments, such a wireless device can include, for example, a cellular phone, a smart-phone, a hand-held wireless device with or without phone functionality, a wireless tablet, etc.
FIG. 10 schematically depicts an example wireless communication device 900 having one or more advantageous features described herein. The wireless communication device 900 may include both RF components 995 and baseband components 990. In certain embodiments, the wireless communication device 900 may include one or more switch devices having stand-by mode isolation circuitry associated therewith according to one or more embodiments disclosed herein. In some embodiments, such a switching device configuration can provide improved stand-by mode isolation.
In the example wireless device 900, a power amplifier (PA) module 901 having a plurality of PAs can provide an amplified RF signal to a switch 920, and the switch 920 can route the amplified RF signal to an antenna 916. In certain embodiments, the switch 920 is connected to stand-by isolation circuitry 917, which may provide an internal regulator voltage 919 to the switch 920 during stand-by mode of the switch and/or power amplifier module 901.
The PA module 901 can receive an unamplified RF signal from a transceiver 906 that can be configured and operated in a known manner. The transceiver 906 can also be configured to process received signals. The transceiver 906 is shown to interact with a baseband sub-system 908 that is configured to provide conversion between data and/or voice signals suitable for a user and RF signals suitable for the transceiver 906. The transceiver 906 is also shown to be connected to a power management component 906 that is configured to manage power for the operation of the wireless device 900. Such a power management component can also control operations of various components of the wireless communication device 900.
The switch device 920 may be connected to and/or associated with a stand-by isolation circuit 917, as described in detail herein. The stand-by isolation circuit 917 may be configured to receive a signal from an internal regulator, such as a bandgap voltage, and provide the internal regulator voltage to one or more gates of shunt arm(s) of the switching device 920.
The baseband sub-system 908 is shown to be connected to a user interface 902 to facilitate various input and output of voice and/or data provided to and received from the user. The baseband sub-system 908 can also be connected to a memory 904 that is configured to store data and/or instructions to facilitate the operation of the wireless device, and/or to provide storage of information for the user.
In some embodiments, a duplexer 912a-912d can allow transmit and receive operations to be performed simultaneously using a common antenna (e.g., 916). In FIG. 11, received signals are shown to be routed to “Rx” paths (not shown) that can include, for example, one or more low-noise amplifiers (LNA).
A number of other wireless device configurations can utilize one or more features described herein. For example, a wireless device does not need to be a multi-band device. In another example, a wireless device can include additional antennas such as diversity antenna, and additional connectivity features such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” The word “coupled”, as generally used herein, refers to two or more elements that may be either directly connected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, words in the above Description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word “or” in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.
The above detailed description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed above. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, while processes or blocks are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps, or employ systems having blocks, in a different order, and some processes or blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified. Each of these processes or blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. Also, while processes or blocks are at times shown as being performed in series, these processes or blocks may instead be performed in parallel, or may be performed at different times.
The teachings of the invention provided herein can be applied to other systems, not necessarily the system described above. The elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments.
While some embodiments of the inventions have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosure.

## Claims

1. A semiconductor die comprising:
a semiconductor substrate;
a radio-frequency switch including one or more series field-effect transistors and one or more shunt field-effect transistors, each of the one or more series field-effect transistors and one or more shunt field-effect transistors having a respective gate node, the radio-frequency switch being configured to receive an radio-frequency signal from a power amplifier module and provide the radio-frequency signal to an antenna;
an internal regulator voltage source configured to provide an internal regulator voltage when the radio-frequency switch is in a stand-by mode; and
shunt arm control circuitry configured to provide the internal regulator voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt field-effect transistors when the radio-frequency switch is in the stand-by mode.

2. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the radio-frequency switch is in a stand-by mode when the power amplifier module is powered-down.

3. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the internal regulator voltage is between 1.0 and 1.5 V.

4. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the shunt arm control circuitry is further configured to provide a voltage regulator voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt field-effect transistors when the radio-frequency switch is in an active ON mode.

5. The semiconductor die of claim 4 wherein the shunt arm control circuitry is further configured to provide the voltage regulator voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt field-effect transistors when the voltage regulator voltage is greater than the internal regulator voltage and to provide the internal regulator voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt field-effect transistors when the voltage regulator voltage is less than the internal regulator voltage.

6. The semiconductor die of claim 4 wherein the shunt arm control circuitry is further configured to provide a negative voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt field-effect transistors when the radio-frequency switch is in an active OFF mode.

7. The semiconductor die of claim 1 wherein the shunt arm control circuitry comprises a plurality of field-effect transistors connected in series.

8. The semiconductor die of claim 7 wherein a drain or source of one of the plurality of field-effect transistors is connected to at least one of the gate nodes of the one or more shunt field-effect transistors.

9. The semiconductor die of claim 8 wherein a gate of one of the plurality of field-effect transistors is connected to a voltage regulator voltage that is greater than approximately 2.0 V when the power amplifier module is fully powered.

10. A shunt arm control circuit for a switching device comprising:
a first input node connected to a voltage regulator voltage;
a second input node connected to an internal regulator voltage;
a third input node connected to a charge pump voltage; and
connection circuitry configured to connect the first input node to gates of one or more shunt field-effect transistors of a switching device when the switching device is in an active ON mode, to connect the second input node to the gates of the one or more shunt field-effect transistors when the switching device is in a stand-by mode, and to connect the third input node to the gates of the one or more shunt field-effect transistors when the switching device is in an active OFF mode.

11. The shunt arm control circuit of claim 10 wherein, when the switching device is in the stand-by mode, the switching device is not fully powered.

12. The shunt arm control circuit of claim 10 wherein, when the switching device is in the stand-by mode, the internal regulator voltage is greater than the voltage regulator voltage.

13. The shunt arm control circuit of claim 10 wherein, when the switching device is in the active ON mode or the active OFF mode, the switching device is substantially powered-up.

14. The shunt arm control circuit of claim 10 wherein, when the switching device is in the active ON mode or the active OFF mode, the voltage regulator voltage is greater than the internal regulator voltage.

15. The shunt arm control circuit of claim 10 wherein the internal regulator voltage is generated from a bandgap reference.

16. The shunt arm control circuit of claim 14 wherein the internal regulator voltage is between 1.0 and 1.5 V.

17. The shunt arm control circuit of claim 10 further comprising a plurality of field-effect transistors connected in series.

18. The shunt arm control circuit of claim 17 wherein a drain or source of one of the plurality of field-effect transistors is connected to at least one of the gates of the one or more shunt field-effect transistors.

19. The shunt arm control circuit of claim 18 wherein a gate of another of the plurality of field-effect transistors is connected to the first node and a drain or source of the other of the plurality of field-effect transistors is connected to the second node.

20. A radio-frequency device comprising:
a transceiver configured to generate a radio-frequency signal;
a power amplifier in communication with the transceiver, the power amplifier configured to amplify the radio-frequency signal;
an radio-frequency switch including one or more series field-effect transistors and one or more shunt field-effect transistors, each of the one or more series field-effect transistors and one or more shunt field-effect transistors having a respective gate node, the radio-frequency switch being configured to receive the amplified radio-frequency signal and provide the amplified radio-frequency signal via the one or more series field-effect transistors;
an internal regulator voltage source configured to provide an internal regulator voltage when the radio-frequency switch is in a stand-by mode;
shunt arm control circuitry configured to provide the internal regulator voltage to the gate nodes of the one or more shunt field-effect transistors when the radio-frequency switch is in the stand-by mode; and
an antenna configured to receive the amplified radio-frequency signal and facilitate transmission of the amplified radio-frequency signal.