## MAG EIGHT-HOUR OZONE REDESIGNATION REQUEST AND MAINTENANCE PLAN FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA

FEBRUARY 2009

## MAG EIGHT-HOUR OZONE REDESIGNATION REQUEST AND MAINTENANCE PLAN FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA

Prepared by:

FEBRUARY 2009

Technical Assistance Provided By: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Arizona Department of Transportation Maricopa County Air Quality Department

U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyi MAG EIGHT-HOUR OZONE REDESIGNAT ION REQUEST AND MAINTENANCE PLAN FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES-1
ONE INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD FOR OZONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
CHARACTERISTICS AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF OZONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
NONATTAINMENT AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
REQUIRED COMPONENTS OF A REDESIGNATION REQUEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
TWO REDESIGNATION REQUEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
REQUIRED COMPONENTS OF A REDESIGNATION REQUEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
ATTAINMENT OF THE EIGHT-HOUR OZONE STANDARD . . . . . 2-1
APPROVAL OF THE OZONE NONATTAINMENT SIP ELEMENT FOR THE MARICOPA AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
IMPROVEMENT IN AIR QUALITY DUE TO PERMANENT AND ENFORCEABLE EMISSION REDUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
COMMITTED MEASURES USED FOR NUMERIC CREDIT IN THE MAINTENANCE DEMONSTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
CLEAN AIR ACT SECTION 110 AND PART D REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17ii CHAPTER PAGE
THREE MAINTENANCE PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
DESCRIPTION OF CONTROL MEASURES FOR THE MAINTENANCE PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
EMISSION INVENTORIES FOR THE BASE AND FUTURE YEARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
MAINTENANCE DEMONSTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
MOBILE SOURCE EMISSION BUDGETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
AN APPROVED MONITORING NETWORK AND VERIFICATION OF CONTINUED ATTAINMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
CONTINGENCY PROVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
SUBSEQUENT MAINTENANCE PLAN REVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . 3-22

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R-1iii MAG EIGHT-HOUR OZONE REDESIGNAT ION REQUEST AND MAINTENANCE PLAN FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Exhibit 1: 2005 Periodic Emission Inventory for Ozone Precursors for the Maricopa County, Arizona, Nonattainm ent Area. September 2008. Exhibit 2: Technical Support Document for Ozone Modeling in Support of the Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area. February 2009.
APPENDIX B Exhibit 1: Public Hearing Process Documentation Exhibit 2: Certification of Adoptioniv MAG EIGHT-HOUR OZONE REDESIGNAT ION REQUEST AND MAINTENANCE PLAN FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
ES-1 Committed Maintenance Meas ures and Contingency Measures in the Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES-4 ES-2 VOC Emissions for a June Episode Day in 2005 and 2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES-8
ES-3 NO x Emissions for a June Episode Day in 2005 and 2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES-9 2-1 2005 Ozone Monitoring Data Summary for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 2-2 2006 Ozone Monitoring Data Summary for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 2-3 2007 Ozone Monitoring Data Summary for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2-4 2008 Ozone Monitoring Data Summary for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2-5 Eight-Hour Ozone Monitoring Data Summary, Three-Year Average of the Fourth-High, 2005-2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2-6 Maricopa County VOC RA CT Rules and SIP Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
3-1 Committed Maintenance Meas ures and Contingency Measures in the Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3-2 2025 Emission Reductions for Individual Maintenance Measures in Metric Tons per Day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
3-3 2025 Anthropogenic VOC Emissions With and Without the Maintenance Measure Package (MMP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3-4 2025 Anthropogenic NOx Emissions With and Without the Maintenance Measure Package (MMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

3-5 Key Assumptions Used to Develop 2005 and 2025 Emissions for thev Maintenance Demonstration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 3-6 VOC Emissions for a June Episode Day in 2005 and 2025. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 3-7 NOx Emissions for a June Episode Day in 2005 and 2025. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 3-8 Maximum Modeled Eight-Hour Ozone Concentrations for the June, July and August Episodes in 2025 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17vi MAG EIGHT-HOUR OZONE REDESIGNAT ION REQUEST AND MAINTENANCE PLAN FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE ES-1 Eight-Hour Ozone Trends (2000-2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES-2 ES-2 2025 Anthropogenic VOC Emission Reductions for Individual Maintenance Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES-5 ES-3 2025 Anthropogenic NOx Emission Reductions for Individual Maintenance Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES-6 ES-4 Predicted Eight-Hour Ozone Concentrations in June 2025 (in ppb) . . . . . . ES-11 1-1 Air Quality Nonattainment and Maintenance Areas for the Maricopa County Area, Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 2-1 Eight-Hour Ozone Regional Monitoring Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 2-2 Eight-Hour Ozone Trends (2000-2008) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 3-1 2025 Anthropogenic VOC Emission Reductions for Individual Maintenance Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3-2 2025 Anthropogenic NOx Emission Reductions for Individual Maintenance Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3-3 Predicted Eight-Hour Ozone Concentrations in June 2025 (in ppb) . . . . . . . . 3-18

## MAG EIGHT-HOUR OZONE REDESIGNATION REQUEST AND MAINTENANCE PLAN FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYES-1 MAG EIGHT-HOUR OZONE REDESIGNATION REQUEST AND MAINTENANCE PLAN FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On July 18, 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agen cy (EPA) promulgated an eighthour ozone standard of 0.08 par ts per million (ppm). The Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG) is requesting that EPA r edesignate the Maricopa area to attainment for the 1997 eight-hour ozone standard. No viol ations of this standard have occurred since 2004. With the submittal of this redesi gnation request and maintenance plan, the Maricopa nonattainment area has satisfied all of the requirements for r edesignation to attainment for the 1997 eight-hour ozone standard. In March 2008, EPA promulgated a new, more stringent eight-hour ozone standard of 0.075 ppm. Lawsuits challenging the new standar d have been filed in federal court. MAG will conduct the modeling and technical analyse s and prepare the plans required by the Clean Air Act, after EPA designates the nonattainment areas and publishes implementation guidance for the new ozone standard. The Maricopa area was designated nonattainm ent for the 1997 eight -hour ozone standard, effective June 15, 2004. The Maricopa nonattain ment area was classified as “Basic” under Part D, Subpart 1, of the Cl ean Air Act. Basic nonattainment areas were required to submit a plan to EPA by June 15, 2007 that demonstrated attainment of the eight-hour ozone standard by June 15, 2009. In accordance with the Clear Air Act, MAG submitted the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area to EPA by June 15, 2007. This plan demonstrated, through modeling and supporting technical analyses, t hat the eight-hour oz one standard would be met by June 15, 2009. Air qualit y monitoring data indicated that the area attained the eighthour ozone standard in 2005 and that the area has continued to meet the standard since then (i.e., 2006, 2007, and 2008). The Clean Air Act defines the following criter ia that must be met before a nonattainment area may be redesignated to attainment: • EPA must determine that the area has attained the eight-hour ozone standard. • EPA must determine that the improvement in air quality is due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions. • All applicable requirements for State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and Nonattainment Areas defined in the Clean Air Act must be met. • EPA must approve a maintenance plan for the area. The plan must demonstrate maintenance of the eight-hourozone standard for a period of at least ten years following the redesignation to attainment by EPA. The maintenance plan in this document provides monitoring data to support the finding that the eight-hour ozone standard has been met in the nonattainment area since 2005. Figure ES-1 shows the downward trend in peak ozone concentrations that have occurred sinceES-2 FIGURE ES-1 EIGHT-HOUR OZONE TRENDS (2000-2008)

* Due to mathematical rounding, values $ 0.085 ppm are necessary to exceed the standard.
% Preliminary data through Sept ember 30, 2008. Quality assurance of the data is in progress. Monitors Where the Highest 3-Year Average of the 4 th -Highest 8-Hour Ozone Concentration Occurred: (HM) Humboldt Mountain (MO) Mount Ord (NP) North Phoenix (PP) Pinnacle Peak (RV) Rio Verde Sources: Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System and Monitor Values Report; Arizona Department of Environmental Quality

.ES-3 2000. The redesignation request in this document also demonstrates that these improvements in air quality are attributabl e to permanent and enforceable reductions in ozone precursor emissions and that other Clean Air Act requirements for SIPs and nonattainment areas have been met. Generally, the approach taken in preparing t he Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan is to rely on the lega lly-binding committed measures in programs and plans that have already been approved by EPA. These include the Modified Arizona Cleaner Burning Gasoline Program, approved byEPA on April 5, 2004; the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan and Carbon Monoxi de Maintenance Plan, approved by EPA on April 8, 2005; and the Serious Area Ozone State Implement ation Plan and the One-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, approved by EPA on J une 14, 2005. This approach was also used for the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan submitted to EPA by June 15, 2007.
Table ES-1 identifies the sev en measures for which numeric emission reduction credit was taken in modeling maintenance of the eight-hour ozone standard in 2025. Three of these measures (i.e., Phased in Emission Test Cu tpoints, One-Time Waiver from Vehicle Emissions Test, and Tougher Enforcement of Vehicle Registration and Emission Test Compliance) were committed measures in the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan and the Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan. T he measure, Summer Fuel Reformulation: California Phase 2 and Federal Phase II Reformulated Gasoline with 7 psi from May 1 though September 30, was part of the Modified Arizona CleanerBurning Gasoline Program and was also a committed measure in t he One-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan.
Two other maintenance measur es, Federal Nonroad Equipmen t Emissions Standards and Expansion of Area A Boundaries (HB 2538), were contingency measures in the MAG EightHour Ozone Plan for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area. The seventh measure for which credit is taken is Ban Open Burning During Ozone Season. This new ozone measure was passed by the Arizona Legislat ure in June 2007 as part of S.B. 1552. Figures ES-2 and ES-3 show the VOC and NOx em ission reductions attributable to each of the individual maintenance measures in 2025. To meet the requirements for redesignation to attainment, this document includes an eighthour ozone maintenance plan for the Maricopa nonattainment area. The maintenance plan demonstrates, through photochemical grid modeling and supporting technical analyses, that the eight-hour ozone st andard of 0.08 parts per milli on (ppm) will continue to be maintained through 2025, a period of at l east ten years following redesignation to attainment by EPA. Maintenance of t he standard will be achieved, despite a 76 percent increase in vehicle travel in the nonatta inment area between 2005 and 2025. The more stringent federal controls on emissions fr om light duty vehicles and nonroad equipment, as well as commitments made by State, County, and local governments in prior air quality plans and programs, will more than offset the fu ture growth in the nonattainment area.ES-4 TABLE ES-1
COMMITTED MAINTENANCE MEASURES AND CONTINGENCY MEASURES IN THE EIGHT-HOUR OZONE MAINTENANCE PLAN
Maintenance Measures Used for Numeric Credit Contingency Measures 1. Summer Fuel Reformulation: California Phase 2 and Federal Phase II Reformulated Gasoline with 7 psi from May 1 through September 30 1. Gross Polluter Waiver Provision

2. Phased-In Emission Test Cutpoints (I/M 147 Program) 2. Increased Waiver Repair Limit 3. One Time Waiver from Vehicle Emissions Test 3. Federal Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions Standards 4. Tougher Enforcement of Vehicle Registration and Emission Test Compliance 4. Coordinate Traffic Signal Systems 5. Federal Nonroad Equipment Emissions Standards 5. Develop Intelligent Transportation Systems 6. Expansion of Area A Boundaries (HB 2538) 6. Liquid Leaker Test as part of VEI Program 7. Ban Open Burning During Ozone SeasonES-5 FIGURE ES-2
2025 ANTHROPOGENIC VOC EMISSION REDUCTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL MAINTENANCE MEASURESES-6 FIGURE ES-3
2025 ANTHROPOGENIC NOx EMISSION REDUCTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL MAINTENANCE MEASURESES-7 For the maintenance plan, MAG applied an EPA-approved photochemical grid model (the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensio ns - CAMx) to simulate eight-hour ozone concentrations under the meteorological and tr ansport conditions that accompanied high ozone episodes in June 2002, July 2002, and August 2001. The 2005 baseline emissions and the 2025 emissions used to model maint enance on the worst-case June episode day are shown in Tables ES-2 and ES-3. T he 2025 emissions assume emission reduction credit for the seven maintenance measures discussed above. The 2025 emissions also take into account the major growth in r egional population, employ ment and vehicle travel that is projected to occur between 2005 and 2025. A comparison of 2005 and 2025 emi ssions in Tables ES-2 and ES-3 indicates that onroad mobile source emissions decline by more than one-third for VOC and almost 30 percent for NOx, while nonroad emissions are reduced by 21 percent for VOC and more than 50 percent for NOx. The reductions in onroad em issions occur despite a 76 percent increase in vehicle travel between 2005 and 2025. The reductions in onroad and nonroad emissions are due primarily to the repl acement of older, high-polluti ng vehicles and equipment with new models that meet more st ringent federal emission standards. For VOC emissions, the combined share of onroad and nonroad source contributions declines from 17 to 12 percen t, while point and area source emissions increase from 14 to 21 percent, between 2005 and 2025. Biogenic source s contribute the lar gest share of VOC emissions in both 2005 and 2025. Among t he non-biogenic sources, area sources contribute the most VOC in 2005 ( 12 percent) and 2025 (19 percent). For NOx, onroad mobile sources contribute the largest share of emissions in both 2005 and 2025. The combined onroad and nonroad share of NOx emissions decreases from 86 percent in 2005 to 60 percent in 2025. It is im portant to note, howev er, that power plants were assumed to emit maximum levels of NOx in 2025, whereas t he power plant emissions in 2005 represent actual operating levels. This conservative modeling assumption increases point source emissions from 4 percent of t he total NOx emissions in 2005 to 24 percent in 2025. The maximum eight-hour ozone concentrations predicted by modeling the June, July, and August episodes in 2025 were 0.081 ppm, 0.079 ppm, and 0.079 ppm, respectively. Since the maximum value for each episode is le ss than 0.08 ppm, when rounded to the nearest 0.01 ppm, the modeling demonstrates ma intenance of the standard in 2025. To support the modeling results, MAG perfo rmed a number of supplemental technical analyses. One analysis involved the application of EPA software to determine if portions of the nonattainment area that are not near ozone monitors (i.e., unmonitored areas) will also meet the standard in 2025. The unmonitored area analysis determined that the maximum eight-hour ozone concentrations in 2025 would be 0.081 ppm for the June episode, 0.079 ppm for the July episode, and 0. 083 ppm for the August episode. Since all of these values are less t han the standard of 0.08 ppm, when rounded to the nearest 0.01 ppm, this analysis concluded that the standard would not be exceeded in portions of theES-8 TABLE ES-2
VOC EMISSIONS FOR A JUNE EPISODE DAY IN 2005 AND 2025

Source Category Thursday in June, 2005 (metric tons/day) Thursday in June, 2025 (metric tons/day) 2025-2005 Difference (%) Point 11.1 18.7 68.5 Area 79.2 124.8 57.5 Nonroad 40.3 31.8 -21.0 Onroad 72.1 47.9 -33.6 Biogenics 451.3 451.3 0.0 Total 653.9 674.4 3.1
Sources : Point - Industrial, Manufacturing, and El ectrical Power Generation Facilities Area - Chemical Solvent Use; Industrial Processes; St orage and Transport of Fuels; Waste Treatment and Disposal ; Residential and Industrial Fuel Combustion; Open Burning; and Wildfires Nonroad - Utility, Lawn & Garden, Construc tion, Farm, and Recreational Equipment; Aircraft; and Locomotives Onroad - Cars and Trucks Traveling on Paved and Unpaved Roads Biogenics - Natural Vegetation

Note: The sum of the source categories may not equal the total due to rounding. VOC for a Thursday in June, 2005 Total: 653.93 metric tons/day

Biogenics

69.0% Nonroad 6.2% Onroad

11.0% Area 12.1% Point 1.7% VOC for a Thursday in June, 2025 Total : 674.42 metric tons/day Point 2.8% Area 18.5%

Onroad

7.1%

Nonroad

4.7% Biogenics

66.9%ES-9 TABLE ES

- 3
NOx EMISSIONS FOR A JUNE EPISODE DAY IN 2005 AND 2025

Source Category Thursday in June, 2005 (metric tons/day) Thursday in June, 2025 (metric tons/day) 2025-2005 Difference (%) Point 10.9 59.1 440.3 Area 19.6 31.1 58.8 Nonroad 77.7 37.9 -51.2 Onroad 154.3 109.8 -28.9 Biogenics 8.6 8.6 0.0 Total 271.1 246.4 -9.1
Sources : Point - Industrial, Manufacturing, and El ectrical Power Generation Facilities Area - Chemical Solvent Use; Industrial Processes; St orage and Transport of Fuels; Waste Treatment and Disposal ; Residential and Industrial Fuel Combustion; Open Burning; and Wildfires Nonroad - Utility, Lawn & Garden, Construc tion, Farm, and Recreational Equipment; Aircraft; and Locomotives Onroad - Cars and Trucks Traveling on Paved and Unpaved Roads Biogenics - Natural Vegetation

Note: The sum of the source categories may not equal the total due to rounding. NOx for a Thursday in June, 2005

Total: 271.06 metric tons/day Biogenics 3.2% Nonroad

28.6%

Onroad 56.9% Area 7.2% Point 4.0% NOx for a Thursday in June, 2025 Total: 246.39 metric tons/day

Onroad

44.6% Area 12.6% Point 24.0% Biogenics 3.5% Nonroad

15.4%ES-10 nonattainment area that are not near ozone monitors. The unmonitored area analysis, as well as all other supporting technical analyses, corroborate the conclusion that the eighthour ozone standard will be maintained in the Ma ricopa nonattainment area through 2025. Figure ES-4 provides an isopleth plot of the results of the unmonitored area analysis overlaid with the values predicted by m odeling each monitoring site on the June 2025 episode day. The eight-hour ozone concentrati ons are shown in parts per billion (ppb).
With the seven committed maintenance meas ures, the maintenance plan estimates that onroad mobile sources will contribute 43.8 metr ic tons per day of VOC and 101.8 metric tons per day of NOx in t he eight-hour ozone nonattainment area in 2025. These emissions represent the new transportation conf ormity budgets for VOC and NOx in 2025. The Clean Air Act requires that a maintenance plan also contain contingency provisions. The maintenance plan contains six contingency measures that are shown in Table ES-1. These measures have already been implement ed in the Maricopa nonattainment area. Early implementation of cont ingency measures is allowed by EPA. The maintenance plan also describes the process and schedule to be followed if monitoring data indicates that additional measures may be needed in the future.ES-11FIGURE ES-4PREDICTED EIGHT-HOUR OZONE CONCENTRATIONS IN JUNE 2025(in ppb)77.6728173.875.375.274.675.872.173.374.976.465.462.468.278.171.179.779.373.370.668.26361.567.877.5TNMWPNPFFGLPPCPSSSPWCTEMPCCDYBELVHMBPFHRVSUPRAJCGQCMCPASACQV300000 320000 340000 360000 380000 400000 420000 440000 460000 4800003660000368000037000003720000374000037600001-1 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION The Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG) is requesting that the U.S. Environmental Protection A gency (EPA) redesignate the Ma ricopa nonattainment area to attainment for the National Ambient Air Qua lity Standard for eight-hourozone of 0.08 parts per million that was prom ulgated by EPA in 1997. The area was designated a nonattainment area for the eight-hour ozone standard in April 2004, but has not violated the standard since 2004. Therefor e, the area is now eligible for redesignation. Chapter Two contains the formal redesignation r equest and supporting documentation. Chapter Three provides the Maintenance Plan which dem onstrates continued attainment of the eight-hour ozone standard through the year 2025. In 1978, the Governor of Ar izona designated the Maricopa Association of Governments as the lead air quality planning agency for Maricopa County. Together wit h the State, MAG is responsible for determining which element s of the State Implementation Plan will be planned, implemented and enf orced by State and local gover nments in Arizona. In 1992, the Arizona Legislature recertified MAG as the regional air quality planning agency. MAG coordinates with the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, the Arizona Department of Transportation, and the Maricopa County Air Quality Department in developing the plans necessary to attain and maintain the national air quality standards. This Redesignation Request and Maintenance Pl an is reviewed and approved by the MAG Air Quality Technical Advisory Committ ee, the MAG Management Committee, and the MAG Regional Council. The MAG Air Qua lity Technical Advisory Committee was established in 1995 with representatives from St ate, county, and local governments, private industry, environmental groups, and the public-at-large. The Air Quality Technical Advisory Committee makes recommendations to t he MAG Management Committee on air quality plans, projects, funding, and other pertinent issues. The MAG Management Committee is compos ed of managers from each of the MAG member agencies that include twenty-five cities and towns, the Fort McDowell, Salt River Pima-Maricopa, and Gila River Indian Comm unities, Maricopa County, Regional Public Transportation Authority and the Arizona D epartment of Transportation. The MAG Management Committee makes recommendations to the MAG Regional Council. The Regional Council is the MAG decision-making body and is primarily comprised of elected officials from the MAG member agencies. MAG is also required to conduct a public hearing on this redesignation request and maintenance plan in accordance with federal requirements. All public comments and responses are provided in Appendix B.1-2 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD FOR OZONE On July 18, 1997, EPA promul gated an eight-hour oz one standard of 0.08 parts per million (ppm). In March 2008, EPA promulgated a new , more stringent eight-hour ozone standard of 0.075 ppm. Lawsuits challenging the newstandard have been filed in federal court. MAG will conduct the modeling and technical analyses and prepare the plans required by the Clean Air Act, after EPA designates the nonattainment areas and publishes implementation guidance for the new ozone standard. Compliance with the eight-hour standard is determined at each monitor by averaging the annual fourth-highest eight-hour ozone concentra tion over three consecutive years. EPA requires that the monitored eight-hour ozone values be r ounded to the nearest 0.01 ppm, which means that a violation occurs when t he three-year average of the fourth-highest monitored concentration is 0.085 ppm or higher. The MAG 2007 Eight-Hour Ozone Plan for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area demonstrated, through modeling and supporting technical analyses, that the 1997 standard would be attained by June 15, 2009. ChapterTwo presents the ozone monitoring data that confirms that the standard of 0.08 ppm will be met by this date; in fact, there have been no violations of this ozone standard at any moni tor in the nonattainment area since 2004. This plan demonstrates maintenance through 2025 and requests that EPA redesignate the area to attainment for the 1997 standard. T he phrase “eight-hour ozone standard” used throughout this document refers to the 1997 standard.
CHARACTERISTICS AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF OZONE Ozone is not directly emitted from a source, but is produced by chem ical reactions among volatile organic compounds (VOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and other air pollutants, in the presence of heat and sunlight. VOC and NOx ar e emitted by onroad vehicles and nonroad engines. Other sources of these ozone pr ecursor emissions include industrial, manufacturing, and electrical power generation facilities; dry cleaners, service stations, architectural coatings, consumer and commerc ial solvent use; and natural vegetation. Peak ozone concentrations typically occur in the nonattainment area from May through September when high temperat ures are conducive to the formation of ozone. Due to prevailing afternoon winds, ozone precurso rs and ozone can be transported to the mountainous areas in the eastern and nort hern portions of the nonattainment area. Ozone irritates the lungs and repeated expos ure may cause permanent lung damage. Symptoms of ozone exposure may include w heezing, coughing, and pain when taking a deep breath. Children, persons with pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, and others who are active outdoors when ozone le vels are high are most affected by the adverse health effects of ozone. Even low levels of ozone may cause aggravated asthma, reduced lung capacity, and make persons more susceptible to respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia and bronchitis.1-3 NONATTAINMENT AREA The Maricopa eight-hour ozone nonattainment area encompasses 4,880 square miles located in central Arizona. The nonattain ment area boundaries are shown in Figure 1-1. The area contains portions of twenty-five cities and towns, the Fort McDowell and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Communities, and unincorporated areas under the jurisdiction of Maricopa County. The southeastern portion of the nonattainment ar ea also includes the Apache Junction area in Pinal County. The eight-hour oz one nonattainment area does not include the Gila River Indian Community. According to a Special U.S. Census, the population of Maricopa County was 3.7 million in 2005. Most of these residents live and wo rk within the nonattainment area boundaries.
The nonattainment area is loca ted in the Salt River Valle y at 1,100 feet above mean sea level and the urban area is almost completely surrounded by mountains. The climate in the nonattainment area is arid continental, experi encing extreme ranges in daily temperatures. Temperatures range from a m ean of 55.5 degrees Fahrenheit in December to a mean of 94.8 degrees Fahrenheit in July ; the annual mean temperature is 74.2 degrees Fahrenheit. The sun shines approximately 85 percent of the time and the annual av erage rainfall is 8.29 inches. In general, the prevailing wind direct ion is from E/SE to W/SW, although the winds can shift in the afternoon to a more westerly direction.
HISTORY In accordance with the Clean Air Act, an urbanized portion of Maricopa County was formally designated as a nonattainment area fo r ozone in 1978. Underthe 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the nonattainment area was classified as M oderate for ozone. In order to meet the Moderate area requirements, the MAG 1993 Ozone Plan for the Maricopa County Area was submitted to the Environm ental Protection Agency by November 15, 1993. An Addendum to this Plan containing addi tional control measures was submitted to EPA in March 1994. On April 13, 1994, EPA issued an incomp leteness finding on the 1993 Ozone Plan and Addendum because the plan failed to include, in fully adopted and enforceable form, all of the measures relied upon in the 15 percent demonstration. Th is action started a two year FIP clock under CAA Section 110(c) for EPA to promulgate a 15 percent Rate of Progress Federal Implementation Plan. In November1994 the modeling atta inment demonstration for the 1993 Ozone Plan and Addendum was submitted to EPA, with a revision to the modeling attainment demonstration followi ng in April 1995. The MAG 1993 Ozone Plan and Addendum, as well as the attainment dem onstration, was found complete by EPA on May 12, 1995. On November 6, 1997, the nonattainment area was reclassified to Serious due to failure to attain the ozone standard by November 15, 1996. The Seri ous Area reclassification was effective on February 13, 1998. Following the out come of a lawsuit filed to require thatA p a c h e J u n c t i o n F o r t M c D o w e l l Y av a p a i N a t i o n

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- 41-5 EPA enforce the Federal Implement ation Plan provisions in Se ction 110(c) of the Clean Air Act, EPA promulgated a Federal Im plementation Plan for the 15 Percent Rate of Progress requirement on May 27, 1998. On December 14, 2000, the Serious Area Ozone State Implementation Plan for Maricopa County was submitted to EPA bythe Arizona Department of En vironmental Quality (ADEQ, 2000). In accordance with Section 110 of the Clean Air Act, a completeness finding on the Serious Area Ozone State Implementation Pl an (SIP) was deemed by operation of law, since a determination was not m ade by EPA within six months of receipt of the Plan. The Serious Area Ozone SIP was approved by EPA on June 14, 2005. On May 30, 2001, EPA determined that t he Maricopa County nonattainment area had attained the one-hour ozone standard. The atta inment determination was effective on June 29, 2001. EPA also determined that the serious area requi rements for reasonable further progress, attainment determinations, and c ontingency measures for the one-hour ozone standard would not apply, as long as the area continued to attain the standard. The MAG One-Hour Ozone Redesignati on Request and Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area was submitted to EPA in May 2004 (MAG, 2004). On June 14, 2005, EPA approved the One- Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan. On June 15, 2005, EPA re voked the one-hour ozone standard, which was less stringent than the eight-hour oz one standard promulgated in July 1997. On April 30, 2004, EPA published the final ru le designating eight-hour ozone nonattainment areas, effective June 15, 2004. The Maricopa nonattainment area was classified as “Basic” under Part D, Subpart 1, of the Clean Air Ac t, with an attainment date of June 15, 2009. The Clean Air Act requires that the attainm ent demonstration for a “Basic” nonattainment area be submitted to EPA three years after the effective date of the designation, which is June 15, 2007. MAG submitted the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan fo r the Maricopa Nonattainment Area to EPA by June 15, 2007 (MAG, 2007). The Plan demons trated attainment, through modeling and supporting technical analyses, by June 15, 2009. The monitoring data shown in Chapter Two confirms the findings of the Eight-HourOzone Plan that the ei ght-hour ozone standard will be attained by June 15, 2009.
REQUIRED COMPONENTS OF A REDESIGNATION REQUEST Sections 107(d)(3)(D) and (E) of the Clean Air Act define the criteria that must be met before an area can be redesignated to attain ment. This redesignation request and maintenance plan demonstrates that the Ma ricopa nonattainment area meets the five required criteria, which are summarized below:1-6 1. Attainment of the Standard Chapter Two provides the ozone monitoring data that confirms that the area has attained the eight-hour ozone standard prom ulgated by EPA in July 1997. 2. State Implementation Plan Approval MAG submitted the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan fo r the Maricopa Nonattainment Area to EPA by June 15, 2007. In accordance with Secti on 110 of the Clean Ai r Act, a completeness finding was deemed by operation of law, si nce a determination was not made by EPA within six months of receipt of the Plan. To date, EPA has not approved the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan, but may take action to approve the Eight-Hour Ozone Pl an concurrently with the approval of this Eight-Hour Ozone R edesignation Request and Maintenance Plan. 3. Improvement in Air Quality Due to Permanent and Enforceable Emission Reductions Chapter Two presents the evidence that the improvement in air quality leading to attainment and maintenance of the standard has been due to permanent and enforceable reductions in ozone precursor emissions. 4. Clean Air Act Section 110 and Part D Requirements Chapter Two discusses how requi rements of Clean Air Act Sect ion 110 (for SIPs) and Part D (for nonattainment areas) ar e satisfied by the Eight-HourOzone Plan for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area and the Maintenance Plan provided in Chapter Three of this document. Some of these requirements are al so satisfied by the Serious Area Ozone SIP and the One-Hour Ozone Redesignation Reques t and Maintenance Plan, both of which were approved by EPA on June 14, 2005. In addition, severa l of the committed measures in the Revised MAG 1999 Serious Area Car bon Monoxide Plan for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area (MAG, 2001) and the Ca rbon Monoxide Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area (MAG, 2003), both of which were approved by EPA on April 8, 2005, also reduce ozone and have therefore been included in the Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan.
5. Maintenance Plan Chapter Three contains the Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa Eight-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area. The Maintenance Plan demonstrates, through modeling and supporting technical analyses, that the area will continue to attain the eight-hour ozone standard through 2025, a period of at least ten years following redesignation to attainment by EPA. The Maintenance Plan establishes transportation conformity budgets for 2025. The Maintenance Plan also contains cont ingency measures that have been implemented and describes the process and sc hedule that will be used to cons ider additional measures, if needed.2-1 CHAPTER TWO
REDESIGNATION REQUEST The Maricopa Association of Governments requests that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) redesignate the Maricopa nonattainm ent area to attainment for the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for eight-hourozone of 0.08 parts per million (ppm) established in 1997. EPA designated the area as an eight-hour ozone nonattainment area in 2004, but the area has not violated the standard since 2004. Therefore, the area is eligible for redesignation.
REQUIRED COMPONENTS OF A REDESIGNATION REQUEST The EPA Administrator may not redesignate an area to attainment, unless the following requirements of Section 107(d)(3)(E) of the Clean Air Act are met:
1. The Administrator determines that the area has attained the national ambient air quality standards. 2. The Administrator has fully approved the applicable implementation plan under Section 110(k).
3. The Administrator determines that the improvement in air quality is due to permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions. 4. The State has met all applicable r equirements under Section 110 and Part D. 5. The EPA Administrator approves a maint enance plan for the area that meets the provisions of Section 175A. The first four redesignation r equirements are addressed in this chapter. Chapter Three contains the maintenance plan that is being submitted to EPA to fulfill the fifth and final requirement.
ATTAINMENT OF THE EIGHT-HOUR OZONE STANDARD
Attainment of the 1997 National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 0.08 ppm for eight-hour ozone is determined by averaging the annual four th-highest eight-hour ozone concentration at each monitor over three consecutive years. EPA requires that t he monitored eight-hour ozone values be rounded to the nearest 0.01 ppm , which means that a violation occurs when the three-year average of the fourth-highest monito red concentration is 0.085 ppm or higher. The following information demonstrat es, as required by Section 107(d)(3)(E) of the Clean Air Act, that the Maricopa nonattainm ent area has attained the eight-hour ozone standard. This conclusion is based on quality assured data from the ozone monitors in the nonattainment area.2-2 Climatological Data
The climate in the nonattainment area is arid continental, experiencing extreme ranges in daily temperatures. Temperatures range from a mean of 55. 5 degrees Fahrenheit in December to a mean of 94.8 degrees Fahrenhei t in July; the annual mean temperature is 74.2 degrees Fahrenheit. The sun shines approx imately 85 percent of the time and the annual average rainfall is 8.29 inches. Most of the rainfall occurs from December through March and during the months of July and August (NOAA, 2008). The air flow pattern in the area is typically drainage flow winds in the early morning, transition in the late morning to early afte rnoon, and upslope flow in the afternoon. That is, due to the heating and cooling effects of the ground surface, the air flow pattern generally exhibits a morning downslope to afte rnoon upslope cycle. This typical flow cycle virtually traps the air pollutants in the valley. Transport of t he air pollutants from the valley to the mountain area can happen during the afternoon upslope flow hours, which is normally about three hours before transition starts . After the transition, the air flow is dominated by downslope flow, bringing the po llutants back to the valley. The average annual wind speed is 6.2 miles per hour. Ozone Monitoring Network The ozone monitoring network within the Ma ricopa eight-hour oz one nonattainment area consists of 19 monitoring sites. The Tonto Na tional Monument site is located just outside the nonattainment area in G ila County and also monitors ozone. These stations are currently operated by the Maricopa County Air Quality Department, the Pinal County Air Quality Control District, and t he Arizona Department of Envir onmental Quality. The ozone monitoring sites are identified, along with summary data from 2005 through 2008, in Tables 2-1 through 2-4. The geographical di stribution of the ozone regional monitoring network is shown in Figure 2-1. Tables 2-1 through 2-4 show the four hi ghest eight-hour ozone concentrations at each monitor for the years 2005 through 2008, respecti vely. A violation of the standard occurs when the fourth-highest value at each monitor, averaged over three consecutive years, is 0.085 ppm or higher. Historical Perspective A review of the eight-hour ozone monitoring dat a reveals that there have been no violations of the eight-hour ozone standard at any monitor in the Maricopa nonattainment area since 2004. In contrast to the past f our years of “clean” data, there were seven violating monitors in 2000. There was a noticeable decrease in the number of violat ions between 2000 and 2001, with only three violations recorded in 2001. During t he years 2000 through 2008, the annual number of ozone violations ranged from seven (in 2000) to zero (in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008). These data i ndicate that there has been an overall downward trend in ozone concentrations in the nonattainment area over the last eight years.2-3 TABLE 2-1
2005 OZONE MONITORING DATA SUMMARY FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA (8-HOUR OZONE STANDARD: 0.08 PPM*)

Site Max Value (PPM) 2 nd High (PPM) 3 rd High (PPM) 4 th High (PPM) Apache Junction Maint. Yard, 305 E. Superstition .076 .073 .070 .068 Blue Point, Usery Pass & Bush Highway .089 .088 .083 .081 Buckeye, 26453 W. MC 85 S .067 .066 .066 .065 Cave Creek, 37019 N. Lava Lane S .084 .083 .083 .082 Central Phoenix, 1645 E. Roosevelt .081 .080 .078 .075 Dysart, 16825 N. Dysart S .073 .069 .067 .066 Falcon Field, 4530 E. McKellips S .081 .078 .078 .076 Fountain Hills, 16426 E. Palisades .096 .091 .088 .088 Glendale, 6000 W. Olive S .078 .077 .076 .076 Humboldt Mountain, Humboldt Mountain Summit S .088 .088 .087 .087 JLG Supersite, 4530 N. 17 th Ave. .079 .077 .076 .076 North Phoenix, 601 E. Butler .089 .088 .085 .084 Pinnacle Peak, 25000 N. Windy Walk .085 .083 .083 .083 Rio Verde, 25608 N. Forest Road S .093 .088 .087 .087 South Phoenix, 33 W. Tamarisk .081 .081 .076 .076 South Scottsdale, 2857 N. Miller .089 .084 .079 .077 Tempe, 1525 S. College S .086 .078 .077 .076 Tonto National Monument, Tonto National Forest S .098 .097 .084 .084 West Chandler, 275 S. Ellis S .082 .076 .075 .075 West Phoenix, 3847 W. Earll .072 .071 .069 .068 * Due to mathematical rounding, values $ 0.085 are necessary to exceed the standard. S Seasonal monitor operating from April 1 to November 1.

Source: Environmental Protection Agency Monitor Values Report.2-4 TABLE 2-2
2006 OZONE MONITORING DATA SUMMARY FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA (8-HOUR OZONE STANDARD: 0.08 PPM*)

Site Max Value (PPM) 2 nd High (PPM) 3 rd High (PPM) 4 th High (PPM) Apache Junction Maint. Yard, 305 E. Superstition .094 .090 .087 .084 Blue Point, Usery Pass & Bush Highway .064 .063 .062 .062 Buckeye, 26453 W. MC 85 S .072 .068 .067 .067 Cave Creek, 37019 N. Lava Lane S .088 .083 .082 .080 Central Phoenix, 1645 E. Roosevelt .089 .083 .081 .080 Dysart, 16825 N. Dysart S .079 .076 .075 .072 Falcon Field, 4530 E. McKellips S .085 .082 .082 .079 Fountain Hills, 16426 E. Palisades .089 .086 .086 .084 Glendale, 6000 W. Olive S .084 .083 .079 .078 Humboldt Mountain, Humboldt Mountain Summit S .084 .084 .082 .079 JLG Supersite, 4530 N. 17 th Ave. .085 .084 .083 .076 North Phoenix, 601 E. Butler .094 .087 .086 .085 Pinnacle Peak, 25000 N. Windy Walk .082 .079 .077 .076 Rio Verde, 25608 N. Forest Road S .086 .084 .083 .083 South Phoenix, 33 W. Tamarisk .075 .072 .072 .069 South Scottsdale, 2857 N. Miller .086 .081 .080 .080 Tempe, 1525 S. College S .087 .082 .081 .079 Tonto National Monument, Tonto National Forest S .089 .085 .081 .081 West Chandler, 275 S. Ellis S .089 .089 .083 .081 West Phoenix, 3847 W. Earll .096 .088 .085 .082 * Due to mathematical rounding, values $ 0.085 are necessary to exceed the standard. S Seasonal monitor operating from April 1 to November 1.

Source: Environmental Protection Agency Monitor Values Report.2-5 TABLE 2-3
2007 OZONE MONITORING DATA SUMMARY FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA (8-HOUR OZONE STANDARD: 0.08 PPM*)

Site Max Value (PPM) 2 nd High (PPM) 3 rd High (PPM) 4 th High (PPM) Apache Junction Maint. Yard, 305 E. Superstition .083 .080 .079 .077 Blue Point, Usery Pass & Bush Highway .066 .066 .059 .058 Buckeye, 26453 W. MC 85 S .066 .066 .064 .064 Cave Creek, 37019 N. Lava Lane S .083 .079 .079 .077 Central Phoenix, 1645 E. Roosevelt .073 .073 .070 .070 Dysart, 16825 N. Dysart S .069 .069 .068 .065 Falcon Field, 4530 E. McKellips S .080 .074 .074 .073 Fountain Hills, 16426 E. Palisades .083 .078 .074 .074 Glendale, 6000 W. Olive S .075 .075 .074 .071 Humboldt Mountain, Humboldt Mountain Summit S .080 .079 .079 .078 JLG Supersite, 4530 N. 17 th Ave. .077 .076 .076 .076 North Phoenix, 601 E. Butler .081 .081 .080 .078 Pinnacle Peak, 25000 N. Windy Walk .076 .076 .075 .075 Rio Verde, 25608 N. Forest Road S .082 .082 .080 .079 South Phoenix, 33 W. Tamarisk .079 .077 .073 .072 South Scottsdale, 2857 N. Miller .082 .077 .077 .077 Tempe, 1525 S. College S .084 .077 .077 .076 Tonto National Monument, Tonto National Forest S .078 .076 .076 .076 West Chandler, 275 S. Ellis S .084 .079 .074 .072 West Phoenix, 3847 W. Earll .079 .077 .076 .074 * Due to mathematical rounding, values $ 0.085 are necessary to exceed the standard. S Seasonal monitor operating from April 1 to November 1.

Source: Environmental Protection Agency Monitor Values Report.2-6 TABLE 2-4
2008 OZONE MONITORING DATA SUMMARY FOR THE MARICOPA NONATTAINMENT AREA + (8-HOUR OZONE STANDARD: 0.08 PPM*)

Site Max Value (PPM) 2 nd High (PPM) 3 rd High (PPM) 4 th High (PPM) Apache Junction Maint. Yard, 305 E. Superstition .082 .081 .081 .079 Blue Point, Usery Pass & Bush Highway .076 .075 .075 .074 Buckeye, 26453 W. MC 85 S .071 .071 .070 .068 Cave Creek, 37019 N. Lava Lane S .080 .080 .080 .078 Central Phoenix, 1645 E. Roosevelt .078 .075 .072 .072 Dysart, 16825 N. Dysart S .074 .067 .066 .066 Falcon Field, 4530 E. McKellips S .079 .077 .077 .075 Fountain Hills, 16426 E. Palisades .080 .080 .080 .079 Glendale, 6000 W. Olive S .079 .077 .077 .074 Humboldt Mountain, Humboldt Mountain Summit S .080 .078 .078 .077 JLG Supersite, 4530 N. 17 th Ave. .079 .079 .079 .078 North Phoenix, 601 E. Butler .083 .081 .081 .080 Pinnacle Peak, 25000 N. Windy Walk .080 .076 .073 .073 Rio Verde, 25608 N. Forest Road S .081 .081 .079 .079 South Phoenix, 33 W. Tamarisk .079 .077 .076 .076 South Scottsdale, 2857 N. Miller .079 .078 .077 .076 Tempe, 1525 S. College S .082 .082 .078 .078 Tonto National Monument, Tonto National Forest S .084 .082 .081 .078 West Chandler, 275 S. Ellis S .079 .079 .077 .077 West Phoenix, 3847 W. Earll .081 .081 .080 .078

+ Preliminary data through September 30, 2008. Quality assurance of the data is in progress. * Due to mathematical rounding, values $ 0.085 are necessary to exceed the standard. S Seasonal monitor operating from April 1 to November 1. Sources: Environmental Protection Agency Air Qua lity System; Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.

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W C T N M2-8 Monitoring Results and Attainment of the Standard The monitoring data presented in Table 2-5 ve rifies that the Maricopa nonattainment area attained the national eight-hour ozone standard of 0.08 ppm for the la st four years, in accordance with the feder al requirements of 40 CFR 50.10. For these years, data recovery rates for the monitors within the ozone monitoring network exceeded the 75 percent completeness requirements. In addition, all state and federal quality assurance procedures have been followed. Figure 2-2 illustrates the highest three-year average of the fourth-highest eight-hour ozone concentrations fo r monitors in the nonattainment area. In general, peak ozone concentrations in the nona ttainment area have exhibited a downward trend over the last eight years. Quality Assurance Program Eight-hour ozone monitoring data for the Ma ricopa nonattainment area has been collected and quality-assured in accor dance with 40 CFR, Part 58, Appendix A “Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS, SPMs, and PSD Ai r Monitoring” and EPA’s “Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Syst ems, Volume II; Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Program”. The data are recor ded in the EPA Air Quality System and are available for public review through sources such as the EPA AirData website and air quality monitoring reports produced annually by the Ma ricopa County Air Qua lity Department and the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.
APPROVAL OF THE OZONE NONATTAINME NT SIP ELEMENT FOR THE MARICOPA AREA MAG submitted the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan fo r the Maricopa Nonattainment Area to EPA by June 15, 2007, as required by the Clean Air Act. In accor dance with Section 110 of the Clean Air Act, a completeness finding on this Plan was deemed by operat ion of law, since a determination was not made by EPA within six months of receipt of the Plan. The Eight-Hour Ozone Plan has not been approv ed by EPA under Section 110(k) of the Clean Air Act. However, a pproval of both the eight- hour ozone attainment and maintenance plans may occur concurrently with EPA’s action to redesignate the area to attainment.
IMPROVEMENT IN AIR QUALITY DUE TO PERMANENT AND ENFORCEABLE EMISSION REDUCTIONS According to the EPA memorandum, Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to Attainment, September4, 1992, “The state must be able to reasonably attribute the improvement in air quality to emi ssion reductions which are permanent and enforceable.” This section is intended to demons trate that the improv ed air quality in the Maricopa County nonattainment area has o ccurred as a result of permanent and enforceable emission reductions.2-9 TABLE 2-5
EIGHT-HOUR OZONE MONI TORING DATA SUMMARY THREE-YEAR AVERAGE OF THE FOURTH-HIGH, 2005-2008 + (8-HOUR OZONE STANDARD: 0.08 PPM*)

Site 2003-2005 Avg. 4 th High (PPM) 2004-2006 Avg. 4 th High (PPM) 2005-2007 Avg. 4 th High (PPM) 2006-2008 Avg. 4 th High (PPM) + Apache Junction .069 .073 .076 .080 Blue Point .080 .072 .067 .064 Buckeye S N/A .063 .065 .066 Cave Creek S .080 .079 .079 .078 Central Phoenix .076 .076 .075 .074 Dysart S .068 .067 .067 .067 Falcon Field S .075 .075 .076 .075 Fountain Hills .082 .082 .082 .079 Glendale S .079 .076 .075 .074 Humboldt Mountain S .084 .081 .081 .078 JLG Supersite .074 .074 .076 .076 North Phoenix .083 .083 .082 .081 Pinnacle Peak .078 .075 .078 .074 Rio Verde S .081 .081 .083 .080 South Phoenix .074 .072 .072 .072 South Scottsdale .076 .076 .078 .077 Tempe S .075 .075 .077 .077 Tonto National Monument S .081 .080 .080 .078 West Chandler S .074 .075 .076 .076 West Phoenix .072 .074 .074 .078

+ Preliminary data through Sept ember 30, 2008. Quality a ssurance of the data is in progress. * Due to mathematical rounding, values $ .085 ppm are necessary to exceed the standard. S Seasonal monitor operating from April 1 to November 1. N/A-Data not available. Sources: Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System and Monitor Values Report; Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.2-10 FIGURE 2-2
EIGHT-HOUR OZONE TRENDS (2000-2008)

* Due to mathematical rounding, values $ .085 ppm are necessary to exceed the standard.

+ Preliminary data through September 30, 2008. Quality assurance of the data is in progress. Monitors Where the Highest 3-Year Average of the 4th-Highest 8-Hour Ozone Concentration Occurred (HM) Humboldt Mountain (MO) Mount Ord (NP) North Phoenix (PP) Pinnacle Peak (RV) Rio Verde Sources: Environmental Protection Agency Air Q uality System and Monitor Values Report; Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.2-11 As Figure 2-2 illustrates, t here has been a general downward trend in ozone concentrations at monitors in the nonattainment area si nce 2000. The fourth-highest ozone levels decreased by about five percent between 2003 and 2008, at the same time population, employment and vehicle travel in the nonatta inment area increased by more than fifteen percent. Over time, numerous control measures hav e been implemented in t he Maricopa area that have resulted in the decline in ozone concent rations. For example, the Environmental Protection Agency published a final rule on May 27, 1998 determining that the Maricopa nonattainment area has in place sufficient contro l measures to meet the 15 percent rate of progress requirement in the Clean Air Ac t. The Final Serious Area Ozone State Implementation Plan submitted in December2000 also included Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) requirements for s ources subject to RACT under the Clean Air Act. In addition, the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan and Carbon Monoxide Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan include measures which have reduced ozone. The Eight-Hour Ozone Plan demonstrated, through modeling and supporting technical analyses, that the standard would be attai ned by June 15, 2009 (MAG, 2007). The ozone monitoring data shown earlier in this Chapter indicates that the nonattainment area has not violated the standard since 2004. The general approach in the Eight Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan is to demonstrate maintenance of the eight-hour ozone standar d through 2025 using emission reduction credit for committed measures in the Eight-H our Ozone Plan. Four of these measures, Summer Fuel Reformulation, Phased-In Emissi on Test Cutpoints, One-Time Waiver from Vehicle Emissions Test, and Tougher Enforcem ent of Vehicle Registration and Emission Test Compliance, were approved by EPA in pr ior plans and programs. Numeric credit is also taken in the Maintenance Plan for F ederal Nonroad Equipmen t Emissions Standards and Expansion of Area A Boundaries (HB 2538) , which were committed contingency measures in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. A seventh maintenance measure, Ban Open Burning During Ozone Season, is a new ozone measure passed by the Arizona Legislature in June 2007. The Maintenance Plan in Chapter Three documents, through modeling and supporting technical analyses, that the eight-hour ozone standard will continue to be maintained through 2025, despite substantial growth in population, employment and vehicle miles of travel expected between the baseline year of 2005 and the maintenance year of 2025. The impact of this growth on ozone precursor emi ssions will be offset by more stringent federal emission standards for light duty vehicl es and nonroad equipment, as well as the committed State, County, and local meas ures in previously-approved plans.
The next section describes t he committed measures that we re used for numeric credit in modeling maintenance of the eight-hour ozone standard in 2025.2-12 COMMITTED MEASURES USED FOR NUMER IC CREDIT IN THE MAINTENANCE DEMONSTRATION The seven committed measures used for numeric credit in the modeling for the Maintenance Plan are described below. Tabl e 3-2 in Chapter Three summarizes the emission reductions attributable to each of these committed maintenance measures in 2025. Additional details on the methodologies used to quantify the emission reduction credit for each measure are provided in Secti on IV-7-1 of the Technical Support Document for the Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan (TSD). The following committed measures, which ar e permanent and enforceable, are anticipated to be in place through the maintenance year of 2025. Continued impl ementation of these measures, as well as the other committed measures in the aforementioned plans, will ensure that the ozone standard is met through 2025.
1. Summer Fuel Reformulation: California Phase 2 and Federal Phase II Reformulated Gasoline with 7 psi from May 1 through September 30 The Arizona Legislature passed H.B. 2307 in 1997 which contains requirements for the sale of gasoline from and after May 1, 1999 in Area A, subject to an appropriate waiver granted under Section 211 (c) (4) of the Clean Air Act, that meets the following fuel reformulation options:
• California Phase 2 Reformulated Gasoli ne, including alternative formulations

allowed by the predictive model, as adopted by the California Air Resources Board pursuant to the California Code of Regul ations, Title 13, Sections 2261 through 2262.7 and 2265, in effect on January 1, 1997, that meets the maximum 7.0 psi summertime vapor pressure requirements in A.R.S. Section 41-2083, Subsections D and F.
• Gasoline that meets the standards for Federal Phase II Reformulated Gasoline,

as provided in 40 CFR Section 80.41, par agraphs (a) through (h), in effect on January 1, 1997, that meets the maximu m 7.0 psi summertime vapor pressure requirement in A.R.S. Sect ion 41-2083 Subsections D and F. On February 10, 1998, the En vironmental Protection Agen cy approved Arizona’s cleaner burning gasoline (CBG) program into the Stat e Implementation Plan. The program was implemented in two stages - from June to S eptember 1998, gasoline sold in the area had to meet the standards similar to Federal P hase I Reformulated Gasoline or California’s Phase 2 Reformulated Gasoline. Then, beginning May 1, 1999, all gas sold in the area had to meet standards similar to Federal Phas e II or California’s Phase 2 Reformulated Gasoline.2-13 Arizona’s CBG Program was included in t he 1998 metropolitan Phoenix Ozone 15 Percent Rate of Progress Federal Implementation Plan as a committed control measure for emissions reduction credit. On July 6, 1999, EPA finalized a ru le revising the federal plan as it related to the CBG Program. On April 28, 2000, Senate Bill 1504 was signed into law by the Governorof Arizona. The law revised A.R.S. Section 41-2124 by elimi nating the minimum oxy genate requirement for summertime gasoline in Maricopa County. Be cause of the cost and difficulty of blending ethanol in CBG and meeting the 7. 0 psi Reid Vapor Pressure standard, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) had been the primary oxygenate used in Arizona’s summertime CBG. In addition, A.R.S. Section 41-2122. E. prohibited the use of MTBE in gasoline beginning on January 1, 2005. On September 29, 2003, the Environment al Protection Agency published a notice proposing to approve revisions to the Ariz ona Clean Burning Gasoline Program currently approved in the State Im plementation Plan. The revisions replace Arizona’s interim CBG program with a permanent program, amend the wintertime CB G program to limit the types of gasoline that may be supplied, and remo ve the minimum oxygen requirement for summertime gasoline. On January 26, 2004, the EPA Administrator signed the final approval notice for the revisions to the Ar izona Clean Burning Gasoline Program. The final notice was published in the Federal Register on March 4, 2004, e ffective on April 5, 2004.
This measure is a committed measure in the Serious Area Ozone SIP, the One-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, and the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. In the Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, this measure reduces ant hropogenic VOC emissions by 0.5 percent and increases anthropogenic NOx emissi ons by 0.1 percent in 2025. 2. Phased-In Emission Test Cutpoints The Arizona Vehicle Inspection Maintenance Pr ogram was established in 1976 to promote the clean operation of motor vehicles by controlling vehicle exhaust emissions. The program is operated by the Ariz ona Department of Environmental Quality and contains the provisions listed in Section 182(c)(3) of the Clean Air Act for an Enhanced Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Program. The Vehicle Emissions Inspection Maint enance Program was significantly enhanced and strengthened by the Arizona Legisl ature in 1993 (H.B. 2001). The Legislature established a biennial, transient loaded (I/M 240) emissions test for gasoline powered vehicles model year 1981 or newer with a gross vehicl e weight of up to 8,500 pounds, beginning January 1, 1995. In 1993, the Arizona Legislatur e passed H.B. 2001 which increased the repair threshold limits for gasoline powered vehicles in order to be eligible for a waiver through the Vehicle Emissions Inspection Maintenance Program. The repair limits were increased in the following manner: 1967-1974 from $50 to $100; 1975-1980 from $200 to $300; and 19812-14 and newer from $300 to $450. T he bill also increased the repai r threshold limits from $300 to $500 for diesel powered vehicles with tandem axles or a gross vehi cle weight in excess of 26,000 pounds. The Arizona Legislature passed H.B. 2237 in 1997 which contained an appropriation of $120,000 from the State General Fund to the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality to develop and implement an alternative test pr otocol to reduce the false failure rates associated with the more stringent pass-fail st andards for the Vehicle Emissions Testing Program (Section 19 of H.B. 2237). In addition, the Arizona Department of Envir onmental Quality was to implement Interim Test Cutpoints for the Vehicle Emissions In spection Program until issues were resolved with the final test cutpoints for the I/M 240 Program. The In terim Cutpoints were selected to achieve the following failure rates in three vehicle class categories (Light Duty Gasoline Vehicles, Light Duty Gasoline Trucks 1, and Li ght Duty Gasoline Trucks 2: 50 percent for Model Years 1981-85; 25 percent for 1986 to 1989 model years, and 10 percent for Model Years 1990-93). In August 2002, EPA proposed approval of t he Arizona I/M Program and signed the final approval notice on October 31, 2002. The final approval notice was published in the Federal Register on January 22, 2003.
This measure is a committed measure in t he Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan, the Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan, the O ne-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, and the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. In t he Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, this measure reduces anthropogenic VOC and NOx emissions by less than 0.1 percent in 2025.
3. One-Time Waiver from Vehicle Emissions Test The Arizona Legislature passed S. B. 1002 in 1996 which limits the issuance of a waiver for failure to comply with the emission testing requirements to one-time only beginning January 1, 1997 (A.R.S. 49-542 D). This measure is a committed measure in the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan, the Carbon Monoxi de Maintenance Plan, the One-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, and the Eight -Hour Ozone Plan. In the Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance plan, this measure reduces anthropogenic VOC emissions by less than 0.1 percent and anthropogenic NOx emissions by0.1 percent in 2025. 4. Tougher Enforcement of Vehicle Registration and Emissions Test Compliance The Motor Vehicle Division (MVD) of the Ariz ona Department of Transpor tation (ADOT) has instituted a comprehensive vehicle registrati on enforcement program. Three key elements of the new program are a Registration Enfo rcement Team, a Registration Enforcement Tracking System, and a New Resident Tracki ng Program. Through public participation, consistent policy and procedure application, and new tracking methods, MVD will enforce the Arizona registration laws to ensure vehicl es in question are registered properly. This2-15 will be an ongoing effort. Another phase of the Pr ogram is an initiative to coordinate ADOT efforts with other law enforcement agencies to assist MVD personnel in enforcing registration compliance. Other initiatives include a system user agreement between MVD and the City Courts to utilize information in conjunction with registrati on compliance and discussions with U.S. West (now known as Qwest) for obtaining info rmation relating to new connect customers. The Arizona Legislature passed S.B. 1427 in 1998 which requires school districts and special districts in Area A to prohibit parki ng in employee parking lots by employees who have not complied with emissions testing requirem ents. Cities, towns, and counties in Area A and Area B are currently subject to this provision (A.R.S. 49-552). In 1999, the Arizona Legislature passed H.B. 2254 which requires each vehicle that is owned by the United States gover nment and that is domiciled in this state for more than ninety consecutive days and each v ehicle that is owned by a st ate or political subdivision of this state to comply with A.R.S. 49-542. Collectively, the provisions in H.B. 2254 t hat apply to Tougher Enforcement of Vehicle Registration and Emissions Test Complianc e include A.R.S. 49-557 and 49-541.01 D. and E.
This measure is a committed measure in the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan, the Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan, the O ne-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, and the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. In t he Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, this measure reduces anthropogenic VOC emissions byless than 0.1 percent and anthropogenic NOx emissions by 0.1 percent in 2025. 5. Federal Nonroad Equi pment Emissions Standards In 1998, EPA issued a final rule setting more stringent Tier 2 and Ti er 3 emission standards for new diesel nonroad equipment (EPA, 1998) . The Tier 2 program phased in more stringent standards for all equipment types between 2001 and 2006. The Tier 3 program imposed even more stringent standards for 50 to 750 horsepower (hp) engines, beginning in 2005 through 2008. In 2004, EPA issued the Clean Air Diesel - Tier 4 Final Rule that requires manufacturers to produce nonroad engines with advanced emissi on-control technologies that will reduce emissions by an additional 90 percent or more (EPA, 2004). The Tier 4 standards apply to nonroad engines with less than 25 hp, beginning in 2008. The Tier 4 standards for larger engines will be phased in between 2011 and 2015, depending upon the size and type of engine.
This measure was a committed c ontingency measure in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. In the Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, this federally-mandated measure is expected to2-16 reduce anthropogenic VOC emissions by 7. 9 percent and anthropogenic NOx emissions by 16.5 percent in 2025. 6. Expansion of Area A Boundaries (HB 2538) The Arizona Legislature passed H.B. 2538 in 2001 which expands t he boundaries of Area A. Previously, the Area A boundaries followed the boundaries defined by S.B. 1427, which was passed by the Arizona Legislature in 1998. Specifically, H.B. 2538 expands the boundaries of Area A past those described in S.B. 1427, adding additional portions of Maricopa County west of Goody ear and Peoria and a small piec e of land on the north side of Lake Pleasant. The implem entation of air quality measur es in the areas described in H.B. 2538 began on January 1, 2002, except for public sector alternative fuel requirements that are phased in over a seven year period.
“Area A” means the area delineated as follows: (a) In Maricopa County: Township 8 North, Range 2 East and Range 3 East Township 7 North, Range 2 West Through Range 5 East Township 6 North, Range 5 West Through Range 6 East Township 5 North, Range 5 West Through Range 7 East Township 4 North, Range 5 West Through Range 8 East Township 3 North, Range 5 West Through Range 8 East Township 2 North, Range 5 West Through Range 8 East Township 1 North, Range 5 West Through Range 7 East Township 1 South, Range 5 West Through Range 7 East Township 2 South, Range 5 West Through Range 7 East Township 3 South, Range 5 West Through Range 1 East Township 4 South, Range 5 West Through Range 1 East (b) In Pinal County: Township 1 North, Range 8 East And Range 9 East Township 1 South, Range 8 East And Range 9 East Township 2 South, Range 8 East And Range 9 East Township 3 South, Range 7 East Through Range 9 East (c) In Yavapai County: Township 7 North, Range 1 East And Range 1 West Through Range 2 West Township 6 North, Range 1 East And Range 1 West It is important to note that under A.R.S. 49-406 (A), MAG has statutory authority to conduct nonattainment area planning within Maricopa Count y. However, MAG does not have air quality planning authority for eitherPinal or Yavapai Counties. Under A.R.S. 49-406 (K), the Ar izona Department of Environment al Quality has air quality2-17 planning authority to adopt SIP meas ures in those portions of Area A in Pinal and Yavapai Counties where MAG does not hav e authority. For ozone, t he committed measures include the Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program , Clean Burning Gasoline Program, Stage II Vapor Recovery Program, Trip Reduction Pr ogram, Voluntary Vehicle Repair and Retrofit Program, and Traffic Signal Synchronization. For carbon monoxide, the committed measures include the Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program, Clean Burning Gasoline Program, Trip Reduction Program, Clean Burn ing Fireplace Construction and Conversion Program, No Burn Days and Public Participat ion Programs, and Voluntary Vehicle Repair and Retrofit Program. MAG anticipates t hat ADEQ will also provide notice and public hearing on this plan, perhaps jointly with MAG, prior to ADEQ’s adoption of the plan under A.R.S section 49-404 and ADEQ's subsequent s ubmittal of the plan to EPA for approval. Emission reduction credit for this measure applies only to the area between the Area A boundary established by S.B. 1427 and the Ar ea A boundary established by H.B. 2538. The Area A boundaries defined by H.B. 2538 are shown in Figure 1-1. The expansion of Area A by H.B. 2538 was a contingency measure in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. In the Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, this measure reduces anthropogenic VOC emissions by less than 0.1 percent and anthropogenic NO x emissions by 0.1 percent in 2025. 7. Ban on Open Burning During the Ozone Season This new ozone measure was passed by the Arizona Legislature in June 2007 as part of S.B. 1552. S.B 1552 states that “from May 1 to Septem ber 1 each year, it is unlawful for any person to ignite, cause to be ignited, permi t to be ignited or suffer, allow or maintain any open outdoor fire in Area A as defined in Se ction 49-541". Credit for this measure was not included in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan, since S.B. 1552 wa s passed by the Legislature and signed into law after the modeling and doc umentation of the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan were completed and the plan had been submitted to EPA by the federal deadline of June 15, 2007. In the Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, this measure reduces anthropogenic VOC and NOx emissions by le ss than 0.1 percent in 2025.
CLEAN AIR ACT SECTION 110 AND PART D REQUIREMENTS Before an area can be redesignated to attain ment, requirements of Section 110 and Part D of the Clean Air Act must be met. The prov isions of Section 110(a)(2) and Part D are required as part of the State Implement ation Plan to bring the Maricopa County nonattainment area into attainment, and hav e been addressed in plans already approved by EPA. By approving these prior plans, EPA has determined that all applicable provisions of Section 110 and Part D have been met. This section summarizes the applicable requirements of Section 110 and Part D and pr ovides references from the previouslyapproved plans that addre ss these requirements. Section 110(a)(2) addresses general requirement s for a State Implementation Plan (SIP). The Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area will be a revision to the Arizona SIP.2-18 A. Include enforceable measures and schedules necessary to show compliance (1) B. Monitor and compile data on ambient air quality (2) C. Provide a program to enforce measures in (A) and regulate stationary sources (1),(4) D. Prohibit sources from emitting pollutant s that would contribute significantly to nonattainment, interfere with maintenance of the standard, or interfere with Prevention of Significant Deterioration ( PSD) or visibility in other states (3) E. Provide assurances that there are adequate resources to implement the plan, nothing in the SIP is otherwis e prohibited by law, and the State has responsibility for ensuring adequate implementation (1) F. Stationary source emissions monitoring and reporting (4) G. Provide for emergency powers authority (5) H. Provide for the revisions to the plan (6) I. Meet the applicable requirements of Part D for nonattainment areas (10) J. Meet the requirements of Section 121 (consultation) (9); Section 127 (public notification) (7), and part C (PSD and visibility) (3),(4) K. Perform air quality modeling (8) L. Permitting fees for major stationary sources (4) M. Consultation and participation by local polit ical subdivisions affected by the SIP (9) The numbers following each SIP requirement lis ted above refer to the subsection below that describes how the requirements of Section 110(a)(2) are met by this Plan. (1) Enforcement, Adequate Resources, and Responsibility for Adequate Implementation The Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan relies on State, County and local commitments to implement cont rol measures in the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan (MAG, 2001), the One-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan (MAG, 2004), and the Serious Area Ozone SIP (ADEQ, 2000). A ll of these plans have been approved by EPA. Sections 110(a)(2)(A),(C), and (E), conc erning plan enforcement and implementation requirements, are addressed in Chapter Eight (page 8-146) and Chapter Eleven (page 11- 1) of the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan. In order to comply with these sections, a State law was passed in 1992 which provides an approach for assurances that State and local committed measures will be adequately im plemented (A.R.S. Section 49-406 I. and J.). Regarding committed measures, A.R.S. Section 49-406 G. ( passed by the Legislature in 1992) requires that each agency which commits to implement any control measure contained in the State Implement ation Plan must describe the commitment in a resolution. The resolution must be adopted by the appropriate governing body of the agency. State law also requires the entity to specify the follo wing information in the resolutions: (1) its authority for implementing the limitation or m easure as provided in statute, ordinance, or2-19 rule; (2) a program for the enforcement of t he limitation or measure; and (3) the level of personnel and funding allocated to t he implementation of the measure. Chapter Eleven of the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan includes resolutions from the MAG member agencies and other im plementing entities. The re solutions indicate specific commitments to implement various control strategies. Genera lly, the authorities of cities and towns to implement the types of measur es that they have committed to in their respective resolutions are provided under A.R. S. § 9-240 Powers of Common Council. The general authorities of the County to implem ent the measures in the commitments are provided under A.R.S. § 11-251 and A.R.S. § 49-478. Copies of these local and county government authorities are incl uded in Chapter Eleven of the Revised Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan. If any person (includes State, County, lo cal governments, regional agencies, and other entities) fails to implement a committed m easure, the County would file an action in Superior Court to have the Court order that the measure be implem ented. Likewise, the Director of the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality will backstop the County if it fails to implement a committed measure or if the County fails to backstop the local governments and regional agencies (see Appendix C, Exhibit 2, Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan). (2) Monitoring and Compiling of Data on Ambient Air Quality Section 110(a)(2)(B) establishes the requirement to monitor, compile, and analyze ambient air quality data. Appendix A, Ex hibit 2 of the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan contains the 1992 Memorandum of Agreement for Air Quality Planning (MAG, 2001). This agreement identifies Maricopa County and t he Arizona Department of Environmental Quality as having the primary roles for air quality monitoring, incl uding special purpose air quality and meteorological monitoring for plan development. Chapter Four of the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan (page 4-5) provides additional evidence that the monitoring requirements for the region are being met through the efforts of Maricopa County and the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Arizona Statutes 49-406. Nonattainment area plan and 49-424. Duties of Department provide the regulatory basis for air quality monitoring in the State and any nonattainment areas. Additional information on the quality assuranc e program for the ozone monitoring network operated in the Maricopa nonattainment area is provided below. Eight-hour ozone monitoring dat a for the Maricopa nonattain ment area has been collected and quality-assured in accor dance with 40 CFR, Part 58, Appendix A “Quality Assurance Requirements for SLAMS, SPMs, and PSD Ai r Monitoring” and EPA’s “Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Syst ems, Volume II; Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Program”. The data are recor ded in the EPA Air Quality System and are available for public review through sources such as the EPA AirData website and air quality monitoring reports produced annua lly by the Maricopa County Air Quality Department and2-20 the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. (3) Provisions to Prohibit Sources from Impacting Air Quality in Other States Section 110(a)(2)(D) requires that a SIP contai n adequate provisions prohibiting any source or other type of emissions activi ty within the State from emitti ng any air pollutant in amounts which will contribute significantly to nonattainment in, or interfere with maintenance by, any other State with respect to any such nati onal primary or secondary ambient air quality standard; or interfere with measures required to be included in the applicable implementation plan for any otherState under Part C to prevent significant deterioration of air quality or to protect visibility. Visibility, as defined in Part C of the Clean Air Act, is currently addressed through a Federal Implementation Plan for the Stat e of Arizona. The lack of pr oximity to another state makes it unlikely that ozone emissi ons are transported from the Maricopa nonattainment area to another state. (4) Preconstruction Review for All New and Modified Stationary S ources; Stationary Source Emissions Monitoring; and Permitti ng Fees for Major Stationary Sources The requirements of Sections 110(a)(2)(C), (F), and (L), concerning preconstruction review, emissions monitoring, and permi tting fees for stationary sources, are addressed by the State in Title 49. Article 2. State Air Pollution Control, and Article 3. County Air Pollution Control, of the Arizona Revised Statutes. Compliance with this requirement is the responsibility of the Arizona De partment of Environmental Quality or applicable county agency. Appendix A, Exhibit 2 of the Seri ous Area Carbon Monoxide Plan contains the 1992 Memorandum of Agreement for Air Quality Planning (MAG, 2001). This agreement identifies Maricopa County as hav ing the lead role for stationar y source emissions control. Following adoption by the State, Maricopa C ounty adopted new source review regulations designed to prevent significant deterioration of air quality, patterned after the State regulations. The Maricopa County Regulat ions contain requirements for obtaining installation permits for new major source s located in nonattainment, attainment, or unclassifiable areas. Both the State and Mari copa County new source review regulations are currently in effect. The Maricopa County Air Pollution Control Regulations contain the regulations that constitute the legal basis for control of ai r pollution sources in Maricopa County, Arizona. They are adopted to implement the policy set forth in Title 49 of the Arizona Revised Statutes and to fulfill the St ate’s responsibilities under the federal Clean Air Act and its amendments to provide a legally enforceable State Implementat ion Plan for the attainment and maintenance of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Applicable Maricopa County Air Pollution Cont rol Regulations include; Rule 240 - Permits for New Major Sources and Major Modifications to Existing Major Sources, Rule 241 -2-21 Permits for New Sources and Modifications to Existing Major Sources, and Rule 245 - Continuous Source Emission Monitoring. (5) Provide for Authority Comparable to that in Section 303 for Emergency Powers Section 110(a)(2)(G) addresses the authority for emergency powers. Under Section 303 of the Clean Air Act, upon receipt of evidence that a pollution source or combination of sources (including moving sources) is presenting an imminent and substantial endangerment to public health or welfare, orthe environment, the EPA Administrator may bring suit on behalf of the United States in t he appropriate United States district court to immediately restrain any person causing or contributing to the alleged pollution to stop the emission of air pollutants causing or contributi ng to such pollution or to take such other action as may be necessary. If it is not practic able to assure prompt protection of public health or welfare or the env ironment by commencement of such a civil action, the Administrator may issue such orders as may be necessary to protect public health or welfare or the environment. Emergency powers for the State of Arizona ar e addressed under A.R.S. 49-465. Imminent and substantial endangerment; 49- 462.07 Violation; injunctive relief; and 49-465. Air Pollution Emergency. (6) Provide for Plan Revisions to Account for Changes to the NAAQS or When a Plan is Found Substantially Inadequate to Attain a Standard Section 110(a)(2)(H) requires a plan revision to ta ke into account revisions of such national primary or secondary ambient ai r quality standard, or the ava ilability of improved or more expeditious methods of attaining such standard, and whenever the Administrator finds that the plan is substantially inadequate to attain the national ambient air quality standard. A.R.S. 49-404. State Implementation Plan and 49-406. Nonattainment Area Plan provisions provide for State, county, and local agencies to revise the SIP to account for changes to air quality standards or if a plan is found to be inadequate. The applicable documentation for making plan revisions ca n be found in the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan, Appendix A, Exhibit 2, 1992 Memorandum of Agreement for Air Quality Planning (MAG, 2001). (7) Meet the Applicable Requirements of Sect ion 127 (Relating to Public Notification) Section 110(a)(2)(J) requires a plan revision to meet the applicable r equirements of Section 127 relating to Public Notification. Public notification procedures followed for the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan are documented in the section, Public Participation in the Preparation of the MAG 1999 Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan on page 10-3 (MAG, 2001).2-22 (8) Air Quality Modeling Section 110(a)(2)(K) provides for the perform ance of such air quality modeling as the Administrator may prescribe for the purpose of predicting the effect on ambient air quality of any emissions of any air pollutant for whic h the Administrator has established a national ambient air quality standard, and the submission, upon request, of data related to such air quality modeling to the Administrator. In the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan, MAG perfo rmed air quality modeling with EPA-approved models to demonstrate attainment of the standard by June 15, 2009 (MAG, 2007). The modeling and supplemental analyses that support the modeling re sults are described in the Technical Support Document in Appendix A, Ex hibit 2, of the 2007 Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. The Modeling Protocol in Support of an Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan describes the modeli ng to be performed for the maintenance demonstration. For details, see Appendix I-i of the Technical Support Document for Ozone Modeling in Support of the Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area (TSD). Chapter Three of this Plan describes the ai r quality modeling for the 2025 maintenance demonstration. Section IV of the TSD ident ifies the key inputs to the ozone modeling, including methods and assumptions used to dev elop the baseline and future year emission inventories and quantify the emission reducti on credit for the maintenance measures. Section V of the TSD provides the results of the photochemical gr id modeling and the unmonitored area analysis, both of which support the finding that the eight-hour ozone standard will continue to be attained through 2025. (9) Consultation and Participation by Local Po litical Subdivisions Affected by the SIP Evidence for consultation and participation by local political subdivisions affected by the SIP can be found in Chapter Ten, Public Partic ipation in the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan on page 10-1 (MAG, 2001). The decision-making structure of the Maricopa Association of Governments includes twenty-five cities and towns; t he Fort McDowell, Salt River Pima-Maricopa, and Gila River Indi an Communities, Maricopa County, and the Arizona Department of Transportation. Appendix A, Exhibit 2 -1992 Memo randum of Agreement for Ai r Quality Planning, in the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan details the consultation and participation process used in developing the air quality plans. (10) Meet the Applicable Requirements of Part D Part D, Subpart 1, Section 172, of the Cl ean Air Act specifies the Nonattainment Plan provisions applicable to the Eight-HourOzone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan. The Plan meets each of the provisions as discussed below.2-23 A. Implement all reasonably available control measures as expeditiously as practicable In accordance with Section 172(c)(1), the st ate is required to submit a revision that implements reasonably available control measures (RACM) as expeditiously as practicable, including such reductions as may be obtai ned through the adoption, at a minimum, of RACT. Since the Maricopa nonattainment area is designated as a subpart 1 area for ozone, and demonstrates attainment by July15, 2009, RACT is deemed to be met with control requirements associated with a demons tration that the NAAQS is attained as expeditiously as practicable (70FR71612, 11/ 29/2005, Section IV.G.1). Under the antibacksliding provisions of 40 CFR 51.905 for ar eas designated Serious nonattainment for the one-hour ozone standard at the time of designation for the eight-hour standard, the state remained subject to the obligations to implement RACT for the categories of sources identified under Sections 182(a)(2)(A) and (b)(2 ). On June 14, 2005, EPA approved the One-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area, includi ng the RACT demonstration underSections 182(a)(2)(A) and (b)(2) (MAG, 2004). NOx RACT was not required in the One-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan, because EPA approved a NOx exemption petition for the nonattainment area on April 19, 1995. The source categor ies subject to RACT, in a ccordance with Section 172(c)(1) and 40 CFR 51.905, are summarized in Table 2-6. B. Plans shall require reasonable further progress In Part D of the Clean Air Act, Section 171 indicates that the term “Reasonable Further Progress” means such “annual in cremental reductions in emi ssions of the relevant air pollutant as are required by this part or may reasonably be r equired by the Administrator for the purpose of ensuring attainment of the applicable national ambient air quality standard by the applicable date.” Reasonable further progress is addressed in Chapter Five of the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan (MAG, 2007). C. Plans shall include a comprehensive, accura te, current inventory of actual emissions from all sources of the relevant pollut ant or pollutants in the area and periodic revisions The Clean Air Act requires a comprehensive, accurate, and current inventory of actual emissions from all sources. On April 1, 1993, the 1990 base year emission inventory for the Maricopa County ozone nonattainment area wa s submitted to EPA. Full approval of the 1990 inventory was effect ive on June 26, 1998. The 1996 base year ozone inventory was submitted as part of the Final Serious Area Ozone SIP in Appendix E. The 1999 Periodic Ozone Emissions Inventory for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area was included in the One-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan as Appendix A, Exhibit 1. The 1999 invent ory was submitted to EPA in August 2002. The 2002 Periodic Emissions Inventory of Ozone Precursors for the Maricopa County, Arizona, Nonattainment Area was included in Appendix A, Exhibit 1, of the Eight-Hour2-24 TABLE 2-6 MARICOPA COUNTY VOC RACT RULES AND SIP STATUS
CONTROL TECHNIQUES GUIDELINES Rule Adoption Revisions & Approvals MC Rule 350 July 13, 1988 Revised: April 6, 1992; Approved: September 5, 1995 (60 FR 46024 ) Rule 351 February 15, 1995 Approved: February 9, 1998 (63 FR 6489 ) Rule 350-Gasoline Bulk Plants July 13, 1988 Revised: April 6, 1992; Approved: September 5, 1995 (60 FR 46024 )
Rule 353-Service StationsStage I July 13, 1988 Revised: April 6, 1992; Approved: February 1, 1996 (61 FR 3578 )
Rule 350-Fixed Roof Petroleum Tanks July 13, 1988 Revised: April 6, 1992; Approved: September 5, 1995 (60 FR 46024 ) Miscellaneous Refinery Sources Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Rule 340-Cutback Asphalt July 13, 1988 Revised: June 22, 1992 and September 21, 1992; Approved: February 1, 1996 (61 FR 3578 ) Rule 331-Solvent Metal Cleaning July 13, 1988 Revised: June 22, 1992, June 19, 1996, and April 21, 2004; Approved: February 1, 1996 (61 FR 3578 ), February 9, 1998 (63 FR 6489 ), and December 21, 2004 (69 FR 76417 ) Surface Coating Of: Rule 336-Cans July 13, 1988 Revised: September 21, 1992, June 19, 1996, and April 7, 1999; Approved: September 20, 1999 (64 FR 50759 ) Rule 336-Metal Coils July 13, 1988 Revised: September 21, 1992, June 19, 1996, and April 7, 1999; Approved: September 20, 1999 (64 FR 50759 ) Rule 336-Fabrics July 13, 1988 Revised: September 21, 1992, June 19, 1996, and April 7, 1999; Approved: September 20, 1999 (64 FR 50759 ) Rule 336-Paper Products July 13, 1988 Revised: September 21, 1992, June 19, 1996, and April 7, 1999; Approved: September 20, 1999 (64 FR 50759 )2-25 TABLE 2-6 MARICOPA COUNTY VOC RACT RULES AND SIP STATUS (cont.)
CONTROL TECHNIQUES GUIDELINES Rule Adoption Revisions & Approvals Automobile & Light Duty Trucks Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Rule 336-Metal Furniture July 13, 1988 Revised: September 21, 1992, June 19, 1996, and April 7, 1999; Approved: September 20, 1999 (64 FR 50759 ) Magnetic Wire Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Rule 336-Large Appliances July 13, 1988 Revised: September 21, 1992, June 19, 1996, and April 7, 1999; Approved: September 20, 1999 (64 FR 50759 ) Leaks from Petroleum Refineries Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Rule 336-Miscellaneous Metal Parts Surface Coating July 13, 1988 Revised: September 21, 1992, June 19, 1996, and April 7, 1999; Approved: September 20, 1999 (64 FR 50759 ) Surface Coating of Flat Wood Paneling Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Synthetic Pharmaceutical Manufacture Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Rubber Tire Manufacture Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Rule 350-External Floating Roof Petroleum Tanks July 13, 1988 Revised: April 6, 1992; Approved: September 5, 1995 (60 FR 46024 ) Rule 337-Graphic Arts November 20, 1996 Submitted: February 26, 1997; Approved: February 8, 1998 (63 FR 6489 ) Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Perchloroethylene was delisted as a VOC by EPA, effective March 8, 1996 (61 FR 4588 )2-26 TABLE 2-6 MARICOPA COUNTY VOC RACT RULES AND SIP STATUS (cont.)
CONTROL TECHNIQUES GUIDELINES Rule Adoption Revisions & Approvals Rule 352-Gasoline Truck Leaks and Vapor Collection November 16, 1992 Submitted: February 4, 1993; Approved: September 5, 1995 (60 FR 46024 ) Manufacture of High-Density Polyethylene Polypropylene, and Polystyrene Resins Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 )
Fugitive Emissions from Synthetic Organic Chemical, Polymer, and Resin Manufacturing Equipment Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 )
Rule 333-Large Petroleum Dry Cleaners June 19, 1996 Submitted: February 26, 1997; Approved: February 9, 1998 (63 FR 6489 )Air Oxidation ProcessesSynthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industries Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Equipment Leaks from Natural Gas/Gasoline Processing Plants Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industries (SOCMI)-Distillation and Reactor Processes Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 )
Rule 350- Volatile Organic Liquid Storage July 13, 1988 Revised: April 6, 1992; Approved: September 5, 1995 (60 FR 46024 ) SOCMI Batch Processes Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Industrial Wastewater Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Rule 336-Plastic Parts Coating (for business machines and automobiles) July 13, 1988 Revised: September 21, 1992, June 19, 1996, and April 7, 1999; Approved: September 20, 1999 (64 FR 50759 )2-27 TABLE 2-6 MARICOPA COUNTY VOC RACT RULES AND SIP STATUS (cont.)
CONTROL TECHNIQUES GUIDELINES Rule Adoption Revisions & Approvals Rule 331-Cleaning Solvents July 13, 1988 Revised: June 22, 1992, June 19, 1996, and April 21, 2004; Approved: February 1, 1996 (61 FR 3578 ), February 9, 1998 (63 FR 6489 ), and December 21, 2004 (69 FR 76417 )
Rule 337-Offset Lithography November 20, 1996 Submitted: February 26, 1997; Approved: February 9, 1998 (63 FR 6489 ) Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Coatings Negative Declaration Submitted: December 14, 2000; Approved: August 26, 2002 (67 FR 54741 ) Rule 342-Wood Furniture November 20, 1996 Submitted: February 26, 1997; Approved: February 9, 1998 (63 FR 6489 ) Rule 348- Aerospace April 7, 1999 Submitted: August 4, 1999; Approved: September 20, 1999 (64 FR 50759 ) Rule 335-Architectural and Industrial Maintenance (AIM) Coatings July 13, 1988 Submitted: January 4, 1990; Approved: January 6, 1992 (57 FR 354 ) Major Sources Subject to RACT Fiberglass Boat Manufacturing Negative Decl aration Submitted: April 21, 2004; Approved: February 10, 2005 (70 FR 7038 ) Rule 334-Rubber Sports Ball Manufacturing June 19, 1996 Submitted: February 26, 1997; Approved: February 2, 1998 (63 FR 6489 ) Rule 341-Metal Casting August 5, 1994 Submitted: August 16, 1994; Approved: February 12, 1996 (61 FR 5287 ) Rule 343-Commercial Bread Bakeries February 15, 1995 Submitted: August 31, 1995; Approved: March 17, 1997 (62 FR 12544 )2-28 TABLE 2-6 MARICOPA COUNTY VOC RACT RULES AND SIP STATUS (cont.)
CONTROL TECHNIQUES GUIDELINES Rule Adoption Revisions & Approvals Rule 338-Semiconductor Manufacturing June 19, 1996 Submitted: February 26, 1997; Approved: February 9, 1998 (63 FR 6489 ) Rule 339-Vegetable Oil Extraction Processes November 16, 1992 Submitted: February 4, 1993; Approved: February 9, 1998 (63 FR 6489 ) Rule 346-Coating Wood Millwork November 20, 1996 Submitted: February 26, 1997; Approved: February 9, 1998 (63 FR 6489 ) Rule 347-Ferrous Sand Casting March 4, 1998 Submitted: August 4, 1999; Approved: June 12, 2000 (65 FR 36788 ) Rule 349-Vitamin Manufacturing April 7, 1999 Submitted: August 4, 1999; Approved: June 8, 2001 (66 FR 30815 )
Rule 344-Automotive Windshield Wiper Fluid April 7, 1999 Submitted: August 4, 1999; Approved: November 30, 2001 (66 FR 59699 ) Fiberboard for Expansion Joints VOC RACT by permit (W.R. Meadows); Submitted: April 20,2005; Approved: June 14, 2005 (70 FR 34357 ) Rule 358-Polystyrene Foam Operations April 20, 2005 Submitted: April 25, 2005; Approved: May 26, 2005 (70 FR 30370 )2-29 Ozone Plan (MAG, 2007). The Maricopa County Air Quality Department has recently completed the 2005 Periodic Emissions Invent ory for Ozone Precursors (MCAQD, 2008). This inventory is provided in Appendi x A, Exhibit 1, of this document. D. The plan provisions shall identify and quantify the emissions of any pollutant allowed from the construction and operation of majo r new or modified stationary sources in the area The TSD supporting this maintenance plan descri bes the stationary source emissions for 2005 and 2025, including major new or modifi ed sources. The 2005 stationary source emissions used as the baseline for the ma intenance modeling were provided by the Maricopa County Air Quality Department and are consistent with the 2005 Periodic Emissions Inventory in Appendix A, Exhibit 1. The 1992 Memorandum of Agreement for Air Quality Planning found in Appendix A, Exhibi t 2, of the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan provides the distribution of responsibilit ies for local air quality planning (MAG, 2001). The Maricopa County Air Quality Department regulates stationary sources through the Maricopa County Air Pollution Control Regul ations, including Regulation II - Permit and Fees and Rule 240 - Permit Requirements for New Major Sources and Major Modifications to Existing Major Sources. Section 172(c)(4) requires an area, in developing its attainment plan, to identify expected emission increases that will resu lt from new or modified majo r sources in a "zone to which economic development should be targeted" acco rding to Section 173(a)(1)(B). These provisions effectively allow the State to prov ide a "growth allowance" for sources in such an area in lieu of the offset requirements underSection 173(a)(1)(A). This is an optional alternative to requiring the acquisition of o ffsets under Section 173(a)(1)(A). Neither the Maricopa County Air Pollution Control Regulat ions nor the Arizona Administrative Code provide a growth allowance in such areas. E. The plan provisions shall require permits for the construction and operation of new or modified major stationary source s anywhere in the nonattainment area Maricopa County received SIP approval of it s major and minor source NSR program in 1988 (see 53 FR 30220, 53 FR30224, and 53 FR 302 38, August 10, 1988). Effective November 22, 1993, EPA delegat ed Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) authority to Maricopa County via a PSD Delegati on Agreement. On August 15, 1994, ADEQ submitted a SIP revision containing portions of the State permitti ng program that are applicable to major sources, major source modi fications, and minor source s. Part of the SIP revision, under a separate cover, included app licable Maricopa County rules, pertinent to the NSR/PSD program. T he amendments to Maricopa C ounty Rules 100, 200, 210, 220, 240, and Appendix B were subm itted as a revision to the NSR/PSD program. The submittal also requested approval of synthetic minor provisions under Se ction 112 (l) of the CAA. On September 1, 1994, EPA deemed both the ADEQ and Maricopa County SIP revision complete and each is currently awai ting full approval. To assure adequate SIP revisions required by Section 110(a)(2)(E) of the CAA, the Director of ADEQ is authorized2-30 under ARS §§ 49-402B to assert jurisdiction over major NSR/PSD and minor NSR sources, excluding those located on Indian Reservati ons. ADEQ received SIP approval of its NSR/PSD program effective May 3, 1983 and delegation of PSD authority for PM-10 effective March 12, 1999. The EPA guidance memorandum, Part D New Sour ce Review (Part D NSR) Requirements for Areas Requesting Redesignation to A ttainment, October 14, 1994, states that “nonattainment areas may be redesignated to a ttainment notwithstanding the lack of a fullyapproved Part D NSR program, provided the program is not relied upon for maintenance.” In addition, the EPA guidance indicates that Pa rt D NSR rules do not need to be placed in the contingency portion of the ma intenance plan. It is important to note that the Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa nonattainment area does not rely on credit for the NSR program to dem onstrate maintenance.
F. Include enforceable emission limitations and other control measures, means, or techniques, as well as schedules and timetable for compliance to provide for attainment of such standard
All of the State contro l measures for which credit is ta ken in modeling maintenance of the eight-hour ozone standard in 2025 have already been implement ed. Legally-enforceable commitments, including the schedules for comp liance for these measures were included in prior EPA-approved plans and programs, including the Serious Area CO Plan (MAG, 2001); the One-Hour Ozone Main tenance Plan (MAG, 2004); the modified Arizona Cleaner Burning Gasoline Program, effective April 5, 2004; and the final Serious Area Ozone SIP (ADEQ, 2000), effective June 14, 2005. Timetables have been established for compliance with the federal nonroad equipment emission standards, for whic h credit is taken in the maintenance plan (EPA, 1998 and 2004). G. Plans shall meet the applicable requirements of Section 110(a)(2) Nonattainment plans must show that the r equirements under Section 110 are met. These requirements specify that the plans must c ontain enforceable emissi on limits, monitoring requirements, procedures to prevent interstate pollution problems, adequate resources to carry out the control program s, and other provisions re lated to the development and administration of effective air pollution contro l programs. These r equirements are listed at the beginning of this section and other discussi ons in this Chapter demonstrate that the requirements of Section 110 have been met. H. States may use equivalent techniques fo r modeling, emission inventories, planning procedures unless they are less effectiv e than the methods specified by the Administrator The provisions of Section 172(c)(8) allow the State to use equivalent techniques for modeling, inventories, or other planning activities, unless EPA determines that the techniques are less effective. This maint enance plan uses models, emission inventories,2-31 and planning procedures that were documented in the Modeling Pr otocol in Support of the Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan (MAG, 2008). The modeling protocol was reviewed and incorpor ates recommendations by EPA and the Air Quality Planning Team. The modeling protoc ol, included in Appendix I-i of the TSD, adheres closely to EPA guidance (EPA, 2005). I. Provide for specific contingency measures to be undertaken if t he area fails to make reasonable further progress, or to attain the NAAQS by the applicable attainment date Section 172(c)(9) of the Clean Air Act r equires that nonattainment plans contain contingency measures. Such measures are to be undertaken without fu rther action by the State or the EPA Administrator if the area fails to make r easonable further progress or meet the standard by the attainment date. Committed measures that have already been implemented may be contingency measures if they will not hasten attainment or are not needed to demonstrate attainment or maint enance of the applicable standard. EPA also allows federal measures to be contingency measures if t hey are not needed to demonstrate attainment or maintenance. The six contingency measures in the Ei ght-Hour Ozone Maintenance plan are: Gross Polluter Option for I/M Program Waivers, In creased Waiver Repair Limit Options, Federal Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle Emission Standards , the Liquid Leaker Test as part of the Vehicle Emission Inspection (VEI) Program, Coordinate Traffic Signal Systems, and Develop Intelligent Transportation Systems. Emission reduction credit for these contingency measures was not been taken in modeling maintenance of the eight-hour ozone standard in 2025. A descrip tion of the contingency measur es is provided in Chapter Section IV-7-2 of the TSD. The next chapter describes the maintenance plan that must be approved by EPA before the Maricopa area can be redesignated to a ttainment for the 1997 eight-hour ozone standard.3-1 CHAPTER THREE
MAINTENANCE PLAN Section 107(d)(3)(E) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) st ipulates that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must fully approve a maint enance plan that meets the requirements of Section 175A of the CAA before a nonattainm ent area can be redesignated to attainment. The maintenance plan is a State Implementat ion Plan (SIP) revision that demonstrates maintenance of the relevant National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for at least ten years beyond the date of the area’s redesignation to attainment by EPA. As allowed in section 107(d)(3)(D) of the C AA, EPA has indicated t hat 18 months should be assumed as the length of time it will ta ke to approve a redesignation request. Due to uncertainties regarding the timing of EPA’s approval, the year 2025 has been modeled to ensure that the eight-hour oz one NAAQS will be maintained for at least ten years beyond the date of EPA’s official notice of redesignation to attainment. EPA has established the following core element s that are required for approval of a maintenance plan: • Description of control measures for the maintenance period • Emission inventories for the base and future years • Maintenance demonstration • Mobile source emission budgets • An approved monitoring network and verification of continued attainment • Contingency provisions • Subsequent maintenance plan revisions The remaining sections of this chapter addre ss these core elements of an eight-hour ozone maintenance plan.
DESCRIPTION OF CONTROL MEASURES FOR THE MAINTENANCE PERIOD In general, the maintenance plan demonstrates attainment of the eight-hour ozone standard in 2025 with committed control measur es that were used to demonstrate attainment in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan (MAG, 2007). Credit for four attainment measures in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan have been assumed in demonstrating maintenance in 2025. The modeling for the ma intenance plan also takes credit for the Federal Nonroad Equipment Emissions Standards and the Expansion of Area A Boundaries (HB 2538) that were contingency meas ures in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. In addition, the modeling takes credit for a newozone measure passed in June 2007 as part of Arizona Senate Bill 1552 that prohibits open burning during the summer ozone season. The liquid leaker test, as part of the Ariz ona Vehicle Emissions Inspection (VEI) Program,3-2 was also included in S.B. 1552. Since this measure only applies to pre-1996 model year vehicles, it is assumed that fleet turnoverwill eliminate these older vehicles by 2025 and no emission reduction credit was taken for this measure in modeling maintenance. However, the liquid leaker test will reduce emissions during the maintenance period (i.e., 2005 through 2025). As a result, this measure is classified as a contingency measure in the maintenance plan. Two attainment measures in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan, Coordinate Traffic Signal Systems and Develop Intelligent Transportation System s, have been reclassified as contingency measures in the maintenance plan. One other attainment measure in the 2007 Ozone Plan, Maricopa County Rule 358: Polystyrene F oam Operations, is included in the 2005 baseline emissions for the maintenance plan. Three of the contingency measures in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan are also contingency measures in the maintenance plan. The committed attainment and contingency meas ures in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan were derived from EPA-approved progr ams and plans for the Maricopa Area, including the Modified Arizona Cleaner Burning Gasoline Progr am, effective April 5, 2004; the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan (MAG, 2001) and the Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan (MAG, 2003), approved by EPA on Ap ril 8, 2005; and the Serious Area Ozone SIP (ADEQ, 2000) and the One-Hour Ozone Maintenanc e Plan (MAG, 2004), approved by EPA on June 14, 2005. Although the one-hour ozone standard was re voked by EPA on June 15, 2005, all committed control measures in the approved one-hour ozone plans remain in effect as legally-binding commitments on the part of the State of Arizona, Maricopa County, and local governments. These permanent and enforceable measures will continue to reduce the volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen ox ides (NOx) that c ontribute to the formation of ozone. In addition to measures in these EPA-approved plans, maintenance of the eight-hour ozone standard through 2025 will be facilitated by more stringent federal emission standards for light duty motor vehicles and nonroad diesel engines. Together, thes e federal measures and the legally-binding commitments contained in prior EPA-approv ed plans and programs have been effective in reducing ozone in the nonattainment area, as evidenced by the fact that there have been no violations of the standard since 2004.
The committed control measures in the main tenance plan are organized into three groups. The first group includes those measures for which numeric emission reduction credit was taken in the modeling for the maintenance demonstration. The first column of Table 3-1 identifies the seven maintenance measures t hat were used for numeric credit in the maintenance demonstration. The combined r eductions from the maintenance measures, collectively called the main tenance measure package (MMP), are reflected in the 2025 VOC and NOx emissions summarized later in this chapter.3-3 TABLE 3-1
COMMITTED MAINTENANCE MEASURES AND CONTINGENCY MEASURES IN THE EIGHT-HOUR OZONE MAINTENANCE PLAN

Maintenance Measures Used for Numeric Credit Contingency Measures 1. Summer Fuel Reformulation: California Phase 2 and Federal Phase II Reformulated Gasoline with 7 psi from May 1 through September 30 1. Gross Polluter Waiver Provision

2. Phased-In Emission Test Cutpoints (I/M 147 Program) 2. Increased Waiver Repair Limit

3. One Time Waiver from Vehicle Emissions Test 3. Federal Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions Standards 4. Tougher Enforcement of Vehicle Registration and Emission Test Compliance 4. Coordinate Traffic Signal Systems

5. Federal Nonroad Equipment Emissions Standards 5. Develop Intelligent Transportation Systems 6. Expansion of Area A Boundaries (HB 2538) 6. Liquid Leaker Test as Part of VEI Program 7. Ban Open Burning During Ozone Season3-4 The second group of control measures incl udes the committed contingency measures that are part of the maintenance plan. No emi ssion reduction credit was taken for these measures in the modeling for the maint enance demonstration and the impact of these measures is not reflected in the 2025 emissions. The six contingency measures are listed in the second column of Table 3-1. The third group of control m easures includes the committ ed measures from EPA-approved plans that were not used for numeric credit in those plans. These plans include the Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan (MAG, 2001), Car bon Monoxide Maintenance Plan (MAG, 2003), Serious Area Ozone SIP (ADEQ, 2000) , and One-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan (MAG, 2004). The emission reductions attribut able to these measures were not easily quantified or may not have been possible to quantify. However, these measures will continue to reinforce the air quality benefits of the other committed measures in the maintenance plan.
Measures Used for Numeric Credit The maintenance plan assumes numeric credit for four measures that were also quantified as attainment measures in the 2007 Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. In addition, numeric credit has been taken in the maintenance plan for th ree additional measures: federal nonroad equipment standards, the ex pansion of Area A boundaries (HB 2538), and the ban on open burning during the ozone seas on. The federal nonroad em ission standards and expansion of Area A were contingency measures in the 2007 Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. The ban on open burning in S.B. 1552 was not passed in time to be included in the 2007 Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. Descriptions of the seven maintenance measur es for which numeric credit was taken are provided in Chapter Two. Figures 3-1 and 3-2 illustrate the percent reductions in anthropogenic VOC and NOx emissions, respecti vely, due to implementation of the individual maintenance measures. Table 3-2 quantifies the emission r eductions from these individual measures in metric tons per day. The base total 2025 anthropogenic emissions s hown in Table 3-2 were estimated by removing the emission reductions due to the seven maintenance measures from the emissions used to model a Thursday in June 2025. Thursday is the dayof the week during the June episode in 2002 when the highest eight-hour ozone concentrations were measured at monitors in the Maricopa nonattainment area. A comparison of 2025 anthropogenic emissions bysource category with and without the seven maintenance measures is shown in Tables 3-3 and 3-4 for VOC and NOx, respectively. Comparable pie charts are prov ided at the bottom of each table. Biogenic emissions are not included in these tabl es and pie charts, because the maintenance measures do not reduce biogenic emissions.3-5 FIGURE 3-1
2025 ANTHROPOGENIC VOC EMISSION REDUCTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL MAINTENANCE MEASURES3-6 FIGURE 3-2
2025 ANTHROPOGENIC NOx EMISSION REDUCTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL MAINTENANCE MEASURES3-7 TABLE 3-2
2025 EMISSION REDUCTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL MAINTENANCE MEASURES IN METRIC TONS PER DAY

VOC NOx Base Total Anthropogenic Emissions on a Thursday in June 2025 (metric tons/day) 244.1 285.8

Maintenance Measure Emission Reductions (metric tons/day) Percent Reduction in Anthropogenic Emissions Emission Reductions (metric tons/day) Percent Reduction in Anthropogenic Emissions 1. Summer Fuel Reformulation: California Phase 2 and Federal Phase II Reformulated Gasoline with 7 psi from May 1 through September 30 1.3 0.5% 0.4 (increase) 0.1% (increase)

2. Phased-In Emission Test Cutpoints < 0.1 < 0.1% < 0.1 < 0.1%
3. One Time Waiver from Vehicle Emissions Test 0.2 < 0.1% 0.3 0.1% 4. Tougher Enforcement of Vehicle Registration and Emission Test Compliance 0.2 < 0.1% 0.4 0.1%

5. Federal Nonroad Equipment Emissions Standards 19.3 7.9% 47.2 16.5%
6. Expansion of Area A Boundary (H.B. 2538) 0.2 < 0.1% 0.4 0.1% 7. Ban Open Burning during Ozone Season < 0.1 < 0.1% < 0.1 < 0.1%3-8 TABLE 3-3
2025 ANTHROPOGENIC VOC EMISSIONS WITH AND WITHOUT THE MAINTENANCE MEASURE PACKAGE (MMP)

Source Category Base Anthropogenic VOC Emissions on a

Thursday in June 2025 (metric tons/day) Anthropogenic VOC Emissions with MMP on a Thursday in June 2025 (metric tons/day) 2025 MMP vs Base Anthropogenic VOC Emissions (%) Point 18.7 18.7 0.0 Area 124.8 124.8 0.0 Nonroad 50.8 31.8 -37.4 Onroad 49.8 47.9 -3.8 Total 244.1 223.2 -8.6

Note: The percent total may not be equal to 100% due to rounding.3-9 TABLE 3-4
2025 ANTHROPOGENIC NOx EMISSIONS WITH AND WITHOUT THE MAINTENANCE MEASURE PACKAGE (MMP)

Source Category Base Anthropogenic NOx Emissions on a

Thursday in June 2025 (metric tons/day) Anthropogenic NOx with the MMP on a Thursday in June 2025 (metric tons/day) 2025 MMP vs. Base Anthropogenic NOx Emissions (%) Point 59.1 59.1 0.0 Area 31.1 31.1 0.0 Nonroad 85.1 37.9 -55.5 Onroad 110.5 109.8 -0.6 Total 285.8 237.8 -16.8

Note: The percent total may not be equal to 100% due to rounding.3-10 The total reduction in anthropogenic emissions due to the package of seven maintenance measures in June 2025 is 8.6 percent fo r VOC and 16.8 percent for NOx. The methodologies for quantifying the emission reduc tions for the individual measures are described in Section IV-7-1 of Appendix A, Ex hibit 2, the Technical Support Document for Ozone Modeling in Support of the Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area (TSD). Contingency Measures The six contingency measures for the main tenance plan are described in Section VI-7-2 of the TSD. All of the contingency meas ures listed in Table 3-1 have already been implemented in the nonattainment area. Ea rly implementation of contingency measures is allowed by EPA (EPA, 1993) and helps to ensure that the standard will be maintained through 2025.
EPA also allows the use of feder al measures as contingency m easures, if credit for these measures is not taken in t he maintenance demonstration. No credit was quantified in this maintenance plan for the contingency measures. A later section in this Chapter discusses the procedures that will be followed to cons ider and implement additional contingency measures, if they are needed. Measures Which Improve Air Quality, But Were Not Used for Numeric Credit The third group of measures in the maintenance plan repr esents commitments in the EPAapproved Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan, Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan, Serious Area Ozone SIP, and One-Hour Ozo ne Maintenance Plan. Ozone precursor emission reduction credit for these measures were not easily quantified or may not have been possible to quantify. Detailed descriptions of these committed c ontrol measures are contained in Chapter Eight of the Serious Area Carbon Monox ide Plan, Chapter Three of the Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan, ChapterTwo of the Serious Area Ozone SIP, and Chapter Two of the One-HourOzone Maintenance Plan.
EMISSION INVENTORIES FOR THE BASE AND FUTURE YEARS
This section discusses the 2005 and 2025 emissions used in modeling maintenance of the eight-hour ozone standard. The 2005 and 2025 emissions were developed for the three ozone episodes that were modeled in the a ttainment demonstratio n for the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. The June 2002, July 2002, and August 2001 episodes are described in Section II-3-4 of the TSD. A more detail ed discussion of these episodes is provided in Appendix A, Exhibit 2, of t he Eight-Hour Ozone Plan for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area (MAG, 2007).
Onroad mobile source emissions for 2005 were developed using estimates of 2005 population and employment based on the Specia l U.S. Census conducted for Maricopa County in 2005. Population and employment are key inputs to the MAG transportation3-11 model that produces the vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and speeds used in calculating onroad mobile source emissions with the EPA MOBILE6.2 model.
The 2005 emissions assume credit for committed control measures that were in place during the summer of 2005. Table 3-5 summarizes the key assumptions used in developing the 2005 emissions. Section IV-1 of the TSD discusses the methods and assumptions used to develop the 2005 baseline emissions. In general, the 2005 emissions used in modeli ng maintenance are consistent with the 2005 periodic emission inventory for ozone precur sors developed by the Maricopa County Air Quality Department (MCAQD, 2008). A comparison of t he 2005 MAG baseline emissions used in modeling and the 2005 peri odic emissions inventory is provided in Appendix IV-iv of the TSD.
The VOC and NOx emissions used to model maintenance in 2025 include reduction credit for the seven committed maintenance measures. Table 3-5 summarizes the key assumptions used in developing the 2025 em issions used to demonstrate maintenance. Section IV-2 of the TSD details the met hods and assumptions used to develop the 2025 ozone precursor emissions. Emissions for point and area sources were projected from 2005 to 2025 by application of appropriate growth factors. The growth factors were based on the latest population and employment projections approv ed by the MAG Regional Council in May 2007. A detailed description of the assumptions used in developing the 2025 point and area source emissions is provided in Section IV-2-2-4 of the TSD. For power plants, the Potentia l to Emit (PTE) rates provi ded by MCAQD were assumed for 2025. To demonstrate permanent and enforceabl e improvement in air quality, EPA guidance in "Procedures for Processing Requests for Redesignation to Attainment" (EPA, 1992) states that "the analysis should assume that sources are operating at permitted levels (or historic peak levels) unless evi dence is presented that such an assumption is unrealistic." The PTE rates assumed for pow er plants in 2025 represent the maximum levels currently permitted by MCAQD for pow er plants that are expected to be operating in 2025. The anticipated growth in population and industry between 2005 and 2025 will increase the demand for electricity in the ei ght-hour ozone nonattainment area. In addition, the summer ozone season is the time of year when peak demand typically occurs. In general, the uncertainties inherent in long -range power generation forecasts support the use of PTE rates for the maintenance demonstration. With the exception of commercial lawn and garden equipment, the growth factors for projecting 2005 nonroad emissions to 2025 were derived from the EPA NONROAD2005 model defaults for Maricopa County. The assumptions used in developing the 2025 nonroad emissions are discussed in Section IV-2-2-3 of the TSD.1 Excluding vintage vehicles.

2 Excluding vintage vehicles and motorcycles

. 3 Waiver rate was reduced from 4% for pre-1981 vehicles and 3% for 1981+ vehicles due to the measure: One-Time Waiver from Vehicle Emissions Test

. 4 Participation in the I/M program was increased by 2% due to the measure: Tougher Enforcement of Vehicle Registration and Emissions Test Compliance

. 5 420-F-08-004 and 40 CFR Chapter 1, Subpart H. It is important to note, however, that the lower federally-mandated sulfur contents do not reduce VOC or NOx emissions.
6 Efficiency provided by Duane Yantorno, Ar izona Department of Weights and Measures.
3-12 TABLE 3-5
KEY ASSUMPTIONS USED TO DEVELOP 2005 AND 2025 EMISSIONS FOR THE MAINTENANCE DEMONSTRATION 2005 2025 1. Oxygenate content, reid vapor pressure (RVP), and sulfur content for onroad mobile emissions based on actual fuel properties provided by the AZ Department of Weights and Measures (ADWM) 1. Summer Fuel Reformulation: California Phase 2 and Federal Phase II Reformulated Gasoline with 7 psi from May 1 - September 30
2. Enhanced Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) for all vehicles 1 in Area A with Phased-In Emission Test Cutpoints (I/M 147) 2. Enhanced Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) for all vehicles 2 in Area A with Phased-In Emission Test Cutpoints (I/M 147) 3. Waiver rate for pre-1981 vehicles = 0.709%; 1981+ vehicles = 0.781% 3 3. Waiver rate for pre-1981 vehicles = 0.709%; 1981+ vehicles = 0.781% 4. Vehicles participating in the I/M program: 91.6%; not participating: 8.4% 4 4. Vehicles participating in the I/M program: 91.6%; not participating: 8.4% 5. Federal Light Duty Vehicle Emissions Standards (Tier 2) 5. Federal Light Duty Vehicle Emissions Standards (Tier 2) 6. Federal Nonroad Equipment Emission Standards (Tier 2) 6. Federal Nonroad Equipment Emission Standards (Tiers 2, 3, and 4) 7. RVP and sulfur content for nonroad mobile emissions based on actual fuel properties provided by the ADWM 7. Sulfur content of diesel fuel for nonroad equipment = 15 ppm; sulfur content of gasoline for nonroad equipment = 30 ppm 5 8. Phase II vapor recovery - 46% efficiency 6 8. Phase II vapor recovery - 46% efficiency 9. Power plant emissions based on actual operating levels in 2005 9. Power plant emissions based on maximum Potential to Emit (PTE) levels3-13 Onroad mobile source emissions for 2025 were based on the population and employment projections adopted by the MAG Regional Council in May 2007. To provide safety margins for transportation conformity budgets, the onr oad mobile VOC and NO x emissions in the ozone modeling domain were increased by ten per cent in 2025. Spatially, this increase was applied proportionately to t he onroad mobile source emissi ons in each four kilometer grid cell. The methods and assumptions used in developing the onroad mobile source emissions are described in Section IV-2-2-1 of the TSD. Biogenic emissions used in the maintenance plan were derived from the MAG Biogenics Study (ENVIRON, 2006). The same gridded biogenic emissions used in modeling attainment in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan (MAG, 2007a) were used in modeling maintenance of the eight-hourozone standard. The biogenic emissions are described in Section IV-2-2-2 of the TSD. The 2005 and 2025 VOC and NOx emissions for the peak episode day in June are summarized by source category in Tables 3- 6 and 3-7, respectively. Comparable pie charts of the 2005 and 2025 emissions are provided at t he bottom of each table. The emissions for the June episode day are shown because the highest ozone concentrations occurred under the meteorological and pollutant transpor t conditions associated with that episode day on June 6, 2002. Summaries of the 2005 and 2025 emission inventories for the July and August episode days with the highest ozone conc entrations are shown in Section IV-2- 2-6 of the TSD.
Between 2005 and 2025, onroad mobile emissions decline by more than one-third for VOC and almost 30 percent for NOx. Over th is same period, nonroad emissions are also reduced by 21 percent for VOC and more than 50 percent for NOx. These significant decreases in mobile source emissions occur despite a 76 percent increase in vehicle travel over the twenty year period, due to the phasing in of new li ght duty vehicles and nonroad equipment that must meet more stringent, f ederally-mandated emission standards (i.e., Tier 2 and Tiers 2-4, respectively). Biogenic and onroad mobile sources contribute the largest share of emissions in both 2005 and 2025 for VOC and NOx, respectively. In 2005 and 2025, area sources contribute the highest percent of anthropogenic VOC emissions (12 percent and 19 per cent, respectively). Between 2005 and 2025, the combined share of onroad and nonroad source emissions decline from 17 to 12 percent of total VOC em issions, while the share of point and area source emissions increase from 14 to 21 percent. Similarly, the onroad and nonroad share of NOx emissions dec reases from 86 percent in 2005 to 60 percent in 2025. Howe ver, as noted in Table 3-5, power plants were assumed to emit maximum levels of NOx in 2025, whereas the 2005 power plant emissions represent actual operating leve ls. This conservative modeling assumption has the effect of increasing point source emi ssions from 4 percent of the total NOx emissions in 2005 to 24 percent in 2025.3-14 TABLE 3-6
VOC EMISSIONS FOR A JUNE EPISODE DAY IN 2005 AND 2025

Source Category Thursday in June, 2005 (metric tons/day) Thursday in June, 2025 (metric tons/day) 2025-2005 Difference (%) Point 11.1 18.7 68.5 Area 79.2 124.8 57.5 Nonroad 40.3 31.8 -21.0 Onroad 72.1 47.9 -33.6 Biogenics 451.3 451.3 0.0 Total 653.9 674.4 3.1

Note: The percent total may not be equal to 100% due to rounding. VOC for a Thursday in June, 2025 Total : 674.42 metric tons/day Point 2.8% Area 18.5%

Onroad

7.1%

Nonroad

4.7% Biogenics

66.9% VOC for a Thursday in June, 2005 Total: 653.93 metric tons/day

Biogenics

69.0% Nonroad 6.2% Onroad

11.0% Area 12.1% Point 1.7%3-15 TABLE 3-7
NOx EMISSIONS FOR A JUNE EPISODE DAY IN 2005 AND 2025

Source Category Thursday in June, 2005 (metric tons/day) Thursday in June, 2025 (metric tons/day) 2025-2005 Difference (%) Point 10.9 59.1 440.3 Area 19.6 31.1 58.8 Nonroad 77.7 37.9 -51.2 Onroad 154.3 109.8 -28.9 Biogenics 8.6 8.6 0.0 Total 271.1 246.4 -9.1

Note: The percent total may not be equal to 100% due to rounding. NOx for a Thursday in June, 2005

Total: 271.06 metric tons/day Point 4.0% Area 7.2%

Onroad 56.9% Nonroad

28.6% Biogenics 3.2% NOx for a Thursday in June, 2025 Total: 246.39 metric tons/day

Onroad

44.6% Area 12.6% Point 24.0% Biogenics 3.5% Nonroad

15.4%3-16 MAINTENANCE DEMONSTRATION The modeling for the 2025 maintenance dem onstration was performed with the EPAapproved Comprehensive Air Quality Model wit h Extensions (CAMx). Details on the selection, validation and application of CAMx ar e provided in Section III of the TSD. To demonstrate maintenance of t he 1997 eight-hour ozone standard, the CAMx modeling for 2025 must show that predict ed eight-hour ozone design val ues are less than 0.085 ppm throughout the ozone modeling dom ain for every episode. The 2025 maximum simulated eight-hour ozone concentrations for each episode are provided in Table 3-8. All three of these simulated maximum values occurr ed near the North Phoenix ozone monitor. MAG performed a number of suppl emental tests to corroborate the CAMx modeling results in 2025. One of these tests was an unmoni tored area analysis, using the EPA Modeled Attainment Test Software (MATS), to ensure that areas that are not near existing air quality monitors also meet the standard in 2025. The maximum ozone design values produced by the MATS analysis were 0.081 ppm for the June episode, 0.079 ppm for the July episode, and 0.083 ppm for the August episode in 2025.
In order to determine the sens itivity of the maintenance demo nstration to a range of power plant emission rates, MAG also performed supplemental analyses for 2025 that replaced the PTE rates with 2005 baseline power plant emission rates. The supplemental analyses included CAMx/MM5 modeling and unmonitored area analysis. Both analyses concluded that the eight-hour ozone standard would be maintained in 2025 with 2005 power plant emission rates. These supplemental analyses, described in Appendix IV-viii of the TSD, provide convincing evidence t hat the standard will be maintai ned in the future, with power plant emission rates ranging from mini mum (2005) to maximum (PTE) levels. Figure 3-3 provides an isopleth plot of the re sults of the unmonitored area analysis overlaid with the values predicted by modeling each monitoring site on the June 2025 episode day. The eight-hour ozone concentrations ar e shown in parts per billion (ppb).
Since the maximum monitored and unmonitored area ozone concentrations for all episodes are less than 0.085 ppm, maintenance of the eight-hour ozone standard has been demonstrated for the Maricopa nonattainment area in 2025. Technical details supporting the modeling and supplemental analyses for t he maintenance demonstr ation are provided in Sections V and VI of the TSD.3-17 TABLE 3-8
MAXIMUM MODELED EIGHT-HOUR OZONE CONCENTRATIONS FOR THE JUNE, JULY AND AUGUST EPISODES IN 2025

Modeled Episode Maximum Design Value in the Eight-Hour Ozone Modeling Domain June 2025 0.081 ppm July 2025 0.079 ppm August 2025 0.079 ppm3-18FIGURE 3-3PREDICTED EIGHT-HOUR OZONE CONCENTRATIONS IN JUNE 2025(in ppb)77.6728173.875.375.274.675.872.173.374.976.465.462.468.278.171.179.779.373.370.668.26361.567.877.5TNMWPNPFFGLPPCPSSSPWCTEMPCCDYBELVHMBPFHRVSUPRAJCGQCMCPASACQV300000 320000 340000 360000 380000 400000 420000 440000 460000 4800003660000368000037000003720000374000037600003-19 MOBILE SOURCE EMISSION BUDGETS
In accordance with the 1990 Clean Air Act Am endments (CAAA), transportation conformity requirements are intended to ensure that transportation activities do not result in air quality degradation. Section 176 of t he Amendments requires that trans portation plan s, programs, and projects conform to applicable air qualit y plans before the transportation action is approved by a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO). The designated MPO for Maricopa County is the Maricopa Association of Governments. Section 176(c) of the CAAA provides the fr amework for ensuring that Federal actions conform to air quality plans under section 110. Conformity to an implementation plan means that proposed activities must not: (1 ) Cause or contribute to any new violation of any standard in any area, (2) In crease the frequency or severity of any existing violation of any standard in any area, or (3) Delay timely attainment of any standard or any required interim emission reductions or other milestones in any area. EPA transportation conformity regulations es tablish criteria involving comparison of projected transportation plan emissions with the motor vehicle emissions assumed in applicable air quality plans. These regulations define the term “moto r vehicle emissions budget” as meaning “the portion of t he total allowable emissions def ined in a revision of the applicable implementation plan (or in an impl ementation plan revision which was endorsed by the Governor or his or her designee) fo r a certain date for the purpose of meeting reasonable further progress m ilestones or attainment demons trations, for any criteria pollutant or its precursors, allocated by t he applicable implementation plan to highway and transit vehicles.” MAG submitted the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan to EPA in June 2007 (MAG, 2007). This plan demonstrated attainment of the eight-hour ozone standard by the ozone season of 2008 and contained 2008 conformity budgets for VOC and NOx. EPA found these eight-hour ozone conformity budgets to be adequate, effectiv e November 7, 2007. The 2008 budgets of 67.9 metric tons per day for VOC and 138. 3 metric tons per day for NOx represent onroad mobile source emissions in the ei ght-hour ozone nonattainment area. These budgets from the 2007 Eight-HourOzone Plan were used in the 2008 MAG Conformity Analysis. In addition to the 2008 conformity budgets es tablished in the 2007 Eight-Hour Ozone Plan, this maintenance plan establishes 2025 conformity budgets based on the 2025 onroad mobile source VOC and NOx emissions used to model maintenance in the eight-hour ozone nonattainment area. These maintenanc e budgets include emission reduction credit for the committed maintenance measure pa ckage. The 2025 maintenance budgets are derived from the onroad mobile VOC and NOx emissions on t he peak episode day in June 2025. This is comparable to the episode day, June 6, 2002, whic h had the highest ozone concentrations.3-20 As shown in Tables 3-6 and 3-7, the onroad mobile emissions in the eight-hour ozone modeling domain on the peak episode day in J une 2025 are 47.9 metric tons per day for VOC and 109.8 metric tons per day for NOx. A GIS analysis was performed to extract the onroad mobile emissions in the eight-hour oz one nonattainment area from the larger eighthour ozone modeling domain. T he resultant onroad mobile sour ce emissions for the eighthour nonattainment area are 43.8 metric tons per day for VOC and 101.8 metric tons per day for NOx. These represent the 2025 ma intenance budgets for transportation conformity purposes.
MAG will use these new 2025 VO C and NOx emission budgets in conformity analyses that begin after these budgets have been found to be adequate or are approved by EPA as part of the Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation R equest and Maintenance Plan. In subsequent conformity analyses, onroad mobile source emi ssions for conformity horizon years of 2008 through 2024 can not exceed the 2008 VO C and NOx emission budgets, while onroad mobile emissions in horizon years a fter 2024 can not exceed the 2025 maintenance budgets for VOC and NOx. The methods and assumptions used to estimate onroad mobile source emissions in 2025 are documented in Section IV-2 of the TS D. The models and assumptions used in estimating onroad mobile source emissions fo r future conformity analyses may differ from those described in the TSD, because the la test emission models and other planning assumptions (e.g., vehicle registrations, s peeds, population, and vehicle miles of travel) must be used each time a conformity analysis is performed (FHWA, 2001).
Due to the inherent uncertainties associated with use of the latest planning assumptions in conformity analyses, the 2025 VOC and NOx emissions from onroad mobile sources were increased by ten percent in the eight -hour ozone (4 kilometer) modeling domain to create a safety margin for the conformity budget s. EPA has indicated that safety margins are allowed, if maintenance can be modeled with the increa sed emissions (EPA, 2007). The VOC and NOx emissions fr om onroad mobile sources we re increased by ten percent for all three modeled episodes. The increas e was distributed spatially in the ozone modeling domain based on the proportion of onroad mobile emissions assigned to each four kilometer grid cell. Since maint enance was demonstrated with the increased onroad mobile source emissions, the 2025 conformitybudgets in the maintenance plan incorporate a safety margin.
AN APPROVED MONITORING NETWORK AND VERIFICATION OF CONTINUED ATTAINMENT The air quality monitoring data shown in Chapter Two confirms that the Maricopa nonattainment area attained the 1997 eight- hour ozone standard duri ng the ozone season of 2008, as modeled in the Eight-Hour Ozone Plan. The three year average (i.e., 2006- 2008) of the annual fourth highes t eight-hour ozone concentration s at all monitors was less than 0.085 ppm, which means that the area has met the attainm ent date of June 15, 2009,3-21 as required by the Clean Air Act. The monito ring data also indicate that the eight-hour ozone concentrations have been trending downwar d and there have been no violations of the ozone standard at any monitor since 2004. After the Maricopa nonattainment area has been redesignated to attainment by EPA, the Arizona Department of Environm ental Quality (ADEQ) and the Maricopa County Air Quality Department (MCAQD) will continue to operate an appropriate air quality monitoring network of National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) and State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) in accordance with 40 CFR Part 58 to verify the continued attainment of the ozone standard. If measured parameters (e.g ., population, vehicle miles of travel, significant sources) change significantly over time, ADEQ and MCAQD will perform the appropriate studies to determine whether additional and/or re-sited monitors are necessary. Annual review of the NAMS/SLAMS air qua lity surveillance system will continue to be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 58.20(d) to determine whether the system continues to meet the monitoring objectives pr esented in Appendix C of 40 CFR Part 58. In order to track the progress of the Main tenance Plan, periodic emission inventories of ozone precursors will continue to be prepared every three years in accordance with Section 187(a)(5) of the Clean Air Act. Maricopa C ounty will coordinate and co mpile the inventory with input and assistance from ADEQ, the Arizona Department of Transportation, and MAG, as described in the 1992 Air Quality Me morandum of Agreement. Changes in the inventory will be reviewed and ev aluated through the regional air quality planning process to determine if additional measures should be considered.
The 2005 Periodic Emissi on Inventory for Ozone Precursors for the Maricopa County, Arizona, Nonattainment Area is contained in Appendix A, Exhibit 1. Generally, the 2005 baseline emissions used in the maint enance demonstration and the 2005 periodic emissions inventory are in close agreement, as indicated in the comparison provided in Appendix IV-iv of the TSD.
CONTINGENCY PROVISIONS Section 175A(d) of the Clean Air Act requires that maintenance plans contain contingency provisions. EPA guidance on the required content of the ma intenance plan is provided in the September 4, 1992 EPA memorandum. This memo indicates that the maintenance plan is not required to contain fully adopted contingency measures. However, the plan should contain clearly identif ied contingency measures to be adopted, a schedule and procedures for adoption and implementation, and a specific time limit for action by the State. In addition, specific indicators s hould be identified which will be used to determine when the contingency measur es need to be implemented.

Consistent with the August 13, 1993 EPA guidance memorandum titled, “Early Implementation of Contingency Measur es for Ozone and Carbon Monoxide (CO)3-22 Nonattainment Areas,” the contingency meas ures described in this Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan are comprised of committed c ontrol measures that are expected to be implemented early. An example of early im plementation of conti ngency measures in a maintenance plan that has been appr oved by EPA is the redesignati on of the Salt Lake City Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Area to atta inment (see page 3216 of the January 21, 1999 Federal Register). In t hat action, EPA noted that both contingency measures in the Salt Lake City contingency plan had already been partially implemented. There are six contingency measures in th e Eight-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plan: Gross Polluter Option for I/M Program Waivers; In creased Waiver Repair Limit Options; Federal Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle Emissions Standards; Liquid Leaker Test as Part of the Vehicle Emissions Inspection (VEI) Program; Coordi nate Traffic Signal Systems; and Develop Intelligent Transportation System s. A description of the i ndividual contingency measures is provided in Section IV-7-2 of the TS D. Emission reduction credit for these six contingency measures was not taken in m odeling maintenance of the eight-hour ozone standard. Early and continued implementation of these co ntingency measures provides additional confidence that t he eight-hour ozone standard will be maintained through 2025.
In order to meet the conti ngency provision requirements of a maintenance plan, ambient air quality monitoring data will be examined to determine if additional contingency measures are needed. Contingency provis ions will be triggered when the three-year average of the annual fourth hi ghest daily eight-hour ozone concentration exceeds 84 ppb at any ozone monitor. If this occurs, additi onal control measures will be considered, which may include the strengthening of existing contingency measures. When the contingency trigger is activated, the following schedule of actions would be followed: (A) Verification of the monitori ng data to be completed three months after activation of the trigger; (B) Applicable cont rol measures to be considered for adoption six months after the date established in A abov e; and (C) Resultant committed measures to be implemented within six to twelve mont hs, depending upon the time needed to put the measures in place.
SUBSEQUENT MAINTENANCE PLAN REVISIONS Section 175A(b) of the Clean Air Act requires that a maintenance plan revision be submitted to EPA eight years after redesignati on of the area to attainment. The purpose of the revision is to provide for maint enance of the ozone NAAQS for an additional ten years beyond the first maintenance period. As the designated Regional Air Quality Planning Agency for the Maricopa County area, MAG intends to prepare the revised maintenance plan required by the Clean Air Act eight years after redesignation to attainment.R-1 REFERENCES ADEQ, 2000. “Serious Area Ozone State Im plementation Plan for Maricopa County.” Prepared by the Arizona Department of Envir onmental Quality. December 14, 2000. EPA, 1993. “Early Implementation of Contingency Measures for Ozone and Carbon Monoxide (CO) Nonattainment Areas.” Prepared by G.T. Helms, EPA Chief, Ozone/Carbon Monoxide Program s Branch. August 13, 1993. EPA, 1998. “Control of Emissions of Air Pollution from Nonroad Diesel Engines, Final Rule.” Federal Register, Vol. 63, No. 205. October 23, 1998. EPA, 1992. “Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to Attainment.” Memorandum issued by EPA. September 4, 1992. EPA, 2004. “Control of Emissi ons of Air Pollution from N onroad Diesel Engines and Fuel, Final Rule.” Federal Register, Vol. 69, No. 124. June 29, 2004. EPA, 2005. “Guidance on the Use of M odels and Other Analyses in Attainment Demonstrations for the 8-hour Ozone NAAQS.” February 17, 2005. EPA, 2007. “Conference calls with EPA R egion IX staff on April 19 and 27, 2007. FHWA, 2001. “Use of Latest Planning Assu mptions in Conformity Determinations.” Memorandum issued jointly by FHWA, FTA, and EPA. January 18, 2001. MAG, 2001. “Revised MAG 1999 Serious Area Carbon Monoxide Plan for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area.” Prepared by t he Maricopa Association of Governments. March 2001. MAG, 2003. “Carbon Monoxide Redesignati on Request and Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area.” Pr epared by the Maricopa Association of Governments. May 2003. MAG, 2004. “One-Hour Ozone Redesignati on Request and Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa County Nonattainment Area.” Pr epared by the Maricopa Association of Governments. March 2004. MAG, 2007. “Eight-Hour Ozone Plan for the Ma ricopa Nonattainment Area.” Prepared by the Maricopa Association of Governments. June 2007. MAG, 2008. “Modeling Protocol in Support of the Eight-Hour Ozone Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the Maricopa Nonattainment Area.” Prepared by the Maricopa Association of Governments. May 2008.R-2 MCAQD, 2008. “2005 Periodic Em ission Inventory for Ozone Precursors in the Maricopa County, Arizona, Nonattainm ent Area.” September 2008. NOAA, 2008. Data obtained from the Nationa l Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Data Centers by MAG staff. September 12, 2008.