1 Vaupel, Claudia

From: Huff, Deanna M (DEC) <deanna.huff@alaska.gov>

Sent: Thursday, November 05, 2015 10:29 AM

To: Vaupel, Claudia Subject: Fairbanks Emission Inventory Chapter and Appendix

Attachments: III D.5.6. Emission Inventory_110515.docx; Emi ssionInventory_AppendixIII D 5 6 final.docx

Claudia,

I have attached the following Chapter and Appendix III.D.5.6 Emission Inventory of the Fairbanks PM 2.5 Moderate Area SIP

as a supplementary submittal with the following changes:

Attached Chapter: III.D.5.6 Emission Inventory 110515

Updated the PTE emission inventory tables to include ammonia emissions.

Attached Appendix: Emission Inventory AppendixIII.D.5.6 final

After the table 5.6

‐ 68 in the 5.6 Appendix:

ORIGINAL

The RPD, RPV and RPP inventory importer scripts were run to import each of these different profiles with the 2008 baseline

vehicle activity, population and fleet characteristics.

REVISED

The RPD, RPV and RPP inventory importer scripts were run to import each of these different profiles with the 2008 baseline

vehicle activity, population and fleet characteristics. The generated inventory importer and runspec files were submitted
electronically to EPA Region 10 on October 9 th

, 2015.

If you have any questions, please let me know.

Thanks,

Dea

______________ Deanna Huff, Ph.D. ADEC-Air Quality Engineering Associate I

Phone: 907-465-5116 deanna.huff@alaska.govAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-1 

### 5.6 Emission Inventory Data

5.6.1. Introduction

5.6.1.1	Purpose	of	the	Emission	Inventory

Title I of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAA) contains provisions requiring development of emission inventories for designate d areas that fail to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). A portion of the Fairbanks No rth Star Borough (FNSB) that

includes the cities of Fairbanks and North Pole as well as surrounding ar eas has been designated as a NAAQS PM 2.5 Moderate non-attainment area for viol ation of the 24-hour average standard enacted in 2006. In compliance with published EPA requirements, the inventories are provided as a part of the Alaska’s State Implementation Pl an (SIP) to formulate a strategy to attain the

PM 2.5 NAAQS in Fairbanks.

As further described in Section III.D.5.9, a M oderate Area SIP must either demonstrate 1 that:

i. The plan will provide for attainment by th e applicable attainment date (December 31, 2015 in this case); or

ii. Demonstrate that attainment by such date is impracticable.

Related to a demonstration of “impracticability,” CAA Part D, subpart 4 Section 189(a)(1)(C) also requires that Moderate Area plans include provisions to assume reas onably available control measures no later than four years after the moderate area designation was made, which is

addressed in Section III.D.5.7.

This section of the SIP is in tended to fulfill EPA requirements for preparing the 2008 Base Year and 2015 Attainment Year emission inventories, as specified in the provisions of the CAA and EPA guidance documents. The intent of this sect ion is to describe how emissions were first estimated for the 2008 base year and then projected forward to 2015 with technically and economically feasible controls implemented with in that time to determine whether the area will reach attainment by 2015. This attainment an alysis is based on atmospheric modeling that

simulates the formation of ambient PM 2.5 given input emissions and meteorology and is

described in detail in Secti on III.D.5.8 of the SIP.

The Fairbanks Moderate Area SIP emission invent ory is considered a Level II inventory, as

classified under the Emission Inve ntory Improvement Program (EIIP). 2 It is a Level II inventory

1 CAA Part D, subpart 4, Section 189(a)(1)(B).

2 “Introduction to the Emission Inventory Im provement Program, Volume 1,” prepared for Emission Inventory Improvement Program Steeri ng Committee, prepared by Eastern Research Group, Inc., July 1997.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-2 because it will provide supportive data for strategi c decision making under th e context of the SIP

and is based on a combination of lo cally and regionally collected data.



### 5.6.1.2	Description	of	Inventories	and	Geographic	Area

There are two classes of inventories based on their intended use, as summarized below:

1. Planning Inventories – These inventories are developed to fulfill regulatory planning and reporting requirements and are pollutant- a nd area designation-sp ecific. Under EPA terminology, they include base year inventories (“foundational” emission source and activity inventories upon whic h all others are based), three-year cycle inventories (submitted to EPA under periodic reporti ng requirements and published under the agency’s National Emissions Inventory, or NEI) and reasonable further progress (RFP) inventories (developed

and submitted to EPA to demonstrate suffici ent progress toward NAAQS attainment or regional haze regulatory requireme nts). Planning inventories contain annual and, in some cases, seasonal emission estimates.

2. Modeling Inventories – Modeling inventories are more spat ially and temporally resolved in order to account for geographic- and day-specif ic variations in emissions that affect

monitored ambient concentrati ons. For the Fairbanks SIP, modeling inventories were developed over a gridded mode ling domain called “Grid 3,” wh ich encompasses an area of 201 × 201 grid cells, each 1.33 km square. Figu re 5.6-1 shows the size and location of the Grid 3 modeling domain within the state. As shown, the domain encompasses portions of four counties/boroughs: Fairbanks North St ar, Denali, Southeast Fairbanks, and YukonKoyukuk. The Fairbanks PM 2.5 non-attainment area is also shown in Figure 5.6-1 and covers a small portion of the borough (county).

In conformance to 40 CFR 3 §51.1002(c), the applicable inventor ies include emissions estimates for the following pollutants: PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 (SO
x ), NO
x , VOC, and NH 3 . Emissions shown

for PM 2.5 and PM 10 refer to direct emissions of both filterable and condens able particulate

matter.

For this Moderate Area PM 2.5 SIP, a specific set of planni ng and modeling inventories were prepared to satisfy CAA and EPA regulator y requirements. Table 5.6-1 summarizes the inventories developed and submitted to sati sfy these moderate area SIP requirements.

3 Code of Federal Regulations.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-3 Figure 5.6-1. Fairbanks Modeling Inventory Domain and PM 2.5 Non-Attainment Area

Table 5.6-1 Summary of Applicable Inventories for Moderate Area PM 2.5 SIP

Class Type Geographic Area Calendar

Year Regulatory Requirements

Planning Base Year Statewide 2008 EPA Regulations *

Base Year Non-Attainment

Area 2008 CAA 172(c)(3)

Projected,

with controls Non-Attainment

Area 2015 CAA 172(c)(3)

Modeling Baseline Modeling Domain 2008 CAA 189(a)(1), CAA 189(b)(1) Projected,

with controls Modeling Domain 2015 CAA 189(a)(1), CAA 189(b)(1)

* As specified in EPA’s “Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) an d Regional Haze Regulations,” November 2005.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-4 As further described in Section III.D.5.9, it was found that attainme nt of the 24-hour PM 2.5 NAAQS by 2015 is impracticable. Thus, in addition to the required inventor ies listed in Table 5.6-1, a broader set of inventories was developed out to calendar year 2019. These additional 2019 inventories serve two goals:

1. To support the primary finding of this pla n—that attainment by 2015 is impracticable— and buttress this finding of impracticability by showing the progress toward attainment both by and beyond 2015 based on implementation and penetration schedules for control measures that are technologica lly and economically feasible.

2. To demonstrate a path toward attainment by 2019. Although this latter goal is not a requirement for this Moderate Area plan, th e State of Alaska and FNSB have devoted considerable thought and resources toward id entifying and funding control programs that are currently forecasted to provide sufficient emission reductions to bring Fairbanks into

attainment of the 24-hour PM 2.5 NAAQS, albeit not by 2015.

Table 5.6-2 lists the complete set of emission inventories prepared for this SIP which as described above, support both a finding of impr acticable attainment by 2015, but projected attainment by 2019 based on currently availabl e data and forecasted control measures.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-5 Table 5.6-2 Inventories Developed for Fairbanks Moderate Area PM 2.5 SIP

Class Inventory Type Geographic Area Calendar Year(s) Point

Sources Resolution Includes

Controls? Reporting

Level Spatial Temporal

Planning Base Year Statewide 2008 Actual State Annual

Emission Inventory

Sector (EIS) or

Tier 1 Base Year Non-Attainment Area 2008 Allowable NA Area Annual,

Winter

Season Control Non-Attainment Area 2015 Allowable NA Area Yes

RFP Non-Attainment Area 2017 Actual NA Area Winter

Season Yes

MVEB Non-Attainment Area 2017 n/a NA Area Winter

Season

Modeling Baseline Modeling Domain 2008 Actual

1.3 km Grid

Cell Episodic (day and

hour) SCC Projected

Baseline Modeling Domain 2015,

2019 Allowable,

Actual SCC

Control Modeling Domain 2015,

2019 Allowable,

Actual Yes SCC

n/a – Not applicable. SCC – Source Classification Code (a detailed emission source classification scheme developed by EPA)

In addition to identifying those inventories s upporting either planning or modeling requirements as described earlier, Table 5.6-2 identifies the ot her key attributes of each inventory including type, geographic area, calendar y ear, point source emission type, spatial and temporal resolution, and source reporting level, each of wh ich is further explained below.

 Inventory Type – Indicates the type of inventory. Base Year refers to the primary inventory that was developed based on actual source activity levels for a specified year and emission factors representative of that year. For this SIP, calendar year 2008 has been designated as the base year, which coincides with the baseline year for which

historical PM 2.5 episodes are evaluated in the atta inment modeling. Thus the modeling inventory developed for calendar year 2008 is called the Baseline inventory and is used to validate the performance of the atmospheri c simulation model in predicting ambient

PM 2.5 concentrations compared to actual ambient measurements collected during the 2008 modeling episodes. There are two basic types of inventories for calendar years beyond the 2008 base year: (1) Projected Ba seline, which account s for source activity changes from forecasted population and economic growth and device turnover relative to the base year; and (2) Control, which account s for emission reductions associated with adopted or forecasted state and local control measures (in addition to population/economic growth). The planning i nventories in Table 5.6-2 listed as RFP and MVEB (for Motor Vehicle Emissions Budget) are special inventor ies that must be developed within the SIP to satisfy Reasona ble Further Progress (RFP) requirements. The RFP inventory encompasses all source categories and as explained later in Section 5.6.5 was developed to ensure linear progress toward atta inment. The MVEB includes only on-road motor vehicle emissi ons (not all source ca tegories). It is used to establish vehicle emission budgets for use in subsequent federal regional tran sportation conformity determinations as explained in Section 5.6.6. (The MVEB inventory is described in further detail in Section III.D.5.13.)Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-6  Geographic Area – The geographic area or extent of the sources included within each inventory is also listed in Table 5.6-2. Three different ar eas, shown earlier in Figure 5.6- 1, are represented: Statewide, Non- Attainment Area, and Modeling Domain.

 Calendar Year(s) – The calendar years associated with each inventory are listed in this

column. In addition to the 2008 base/baselin e year, inventories were developed for 2015, the “attainment finding” year for this Moderate Area SIP as well as for 2019. These were developed both to strengthen the case for impracticable a ttainment by 2015 and to project

the effects of forecasted controls toward at tainment by 2019. The MVEB is required for 2017 to satisfy RFP quantitative milestone re quirements specified in the particulate matter section of the 1992 genera l preamble section to the CAA. 4 EPA has interpreted that the three-year RFP mile stone requirement counts from the due date for the SIP (December 2014 in this case). Therefore, per EPA guidance, the applicable calendar year

for the MVEB was 2017.

 Point (Industrial) Sources – There are two different emission levels associated with stationary point source facilities that must be considered in developing SIP inventories that meet CAA requirements and satisfy EPA gui dance: (1) Allowable, which refers to permitted or Potential to Emit (PTE) emission li mits associated with the facility operating permit; and (2) Actual, which are estimates of actual annual or episodic emissions based on historically recorded faci lity operating through put or continuous emissions monitoring

systems. As used in the inventory, Allowabl e emissions and PTE emissions are equivalent. EPA inventory guidance uses the term Allowable emissions, which are equal to annual PTE emission limits that are expressed on an average daily basis. From this point forward, the term “PTE” will be used to equivalently refer to allowable or permitted facilit y emission limits (expressed on an average daily basis). Actual emissions are generally lower than PTE emissions (unless a facility is found to be in violation of its operating permit, which was not the case for point source facilities

inventoried within the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP).

 Spatial & Temporal Resolution – These columns refer to the levels of spatial and temporal resolution of each inventory. As listed in Table 5.6-2, the inventories reflect three different levels of spatial resolution: (1) State, for statewide emissions; (2) NA Area, for total emissions within the Fairbanks PM 2.5 non-attainment area; and (3) 1.3 km Grid Cell, representing indivi dual 1.3 km grid ce ll-level emissions within the modeling domain of 201 × 201 grid cells. The levels of temporal resolution reflected in the

inventories as listed in Tabl e 5.6-2 are (1) Annual, which reflects total emissions over the entire calendar year; (2) Wi nter Season, reflecting average emissions over the winter nonattainment season (defined as October th rough March); and (3) Episodic, for which emissions are resolved by individual day and hour to support the episodic attainment modeling. To simplify the SIP inventory deve lopment effort, averag e emissions over all modeling episode days were calculated and assumed to represent winter-season average emissions. (Given the strong dependence of wintertime emissions in Fairbanks on

4 Federal Register, Vol. 57, No. 74, April 16, 1992, pg. 13539.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-7 ambient temperature, this assumption is likely to result in estimates that are higher than those averaged over the entire winter season. Since these winter-season estimates serve planning purposes, this approach to re presenting winter-season estimates was conservative and assumed to be sufficient.)

 Includes Controls – This column simply identifie s whether the inventory includes emission reductions resulting from state or local control measures.

 Reporting Level – As noted in Table 5.6-2, the le vel for which individual source emissions were reported differed between the planning and modeling inventories. Emissions for all planning inventories were developed and reported at the major source sector (stationary point, stat ionary non-point, on-road, and non-road) or EPA “Tier 1” sector level. Emissions for all modeling i nventories were compiled and reported at the

individual Source Classifi cation Code (SCC) level.

Most of the effort and rigor in the SIP inventory development focused on the modeling inventories that were used to support the “i mpracticable attainment by 2015” and “likely attainment by 2019” findings. As described later in Section 5.6.2, the planning inventories were estimated more simply, in some cases by scaling estimates from corresponding modeling inventories to represent annual or winter season (October thro ugh March) emissions.



### 5.6.1.3	Sources	Not	Inventoried

All potential sources of PM 2.5 or significant precursor polluta nts were evaluated for inclusion within the emission inventory. Generally speaki ng, sources were excluded from the inventory only under one of the following conditions:

 Data were unavailable; or

 Sources outside the non-attainment area were not believed significant or were well

removed from the non-attainment area.

Sources for which data were not available we re restricted to estimates of ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions for some source categorie s, most notably actual episodic emissions for point sources. (Other sources without ammonia data consisted of aircraft a nd area sources other than space heating).. (The Federal Aviation Administratio n’s (FAA’s) EDMS aircra ft/airfield emissions

model does not include ammonia emissions and other area sources excluding space heating are not likely to contain significan t sources of ammonia during wintertime based on a review of a 2004 EPA report 5 on ammonia emission sources.)

5 S.M. Roe, et al., “Estimating Ammonia Em issions from Anthropogenic Nonagricultural Sources – Draft Final Report,” prepared by Pechan and Associates, Inc. for Emission Inventory Improvement Program, April 2004.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-8 To address the impacts of this potential gap in point source ammonia em issions, facility-reported

actual annual emissions DEC main tains in its AirTools database 6 were examined to assess their significance. As discussed in detail later in Section 5.6.2, a tota l of seven stationary source facilities encompassed the point source inventory. Two of thes e seven facilities reported nonzero ammonia emissions: 1) Doyon U tilities (privatized coal boilers at Fort Wainwright); and 2) Aurora Energy Chena Power Plant in Fairbanks . Doyon reported facil ity-wide annual ammonia emissions of only 0.03 tons/year in 2008. Aurora Energy (also operating coal boilers) reported ammonia emissions of 164.23 tons/day in 2008 (w hich also appear in the NEI), but zero emissions of ammonia in 2011. As a result, a fo llow-up analysis of supplemental material DEC received from Aurora Energy for the Chena Power Plant was conducted 7 to assess the reasonableness of the reported ammonia emissi ons in 2008. Based on this follow-up analysis, DEC contacted Aurora Energy dire ctly and confirmed the reporting error. Once corrected, 2008 annual ammonia emissions for all seven point so urce facilities combined were 0.03 tons/year. As detailed later in Table 5.6-10, annual 2008 ammonia emissions for the remaining source sectors totaled 54.0 tons/year ( 0.148 tons/average day). Point sources contribute only 0.06% (0.03 ÷ 54.0) to that total. T hus, the lack of explicitly-inv entoried point source ammonia emissions is not expected to measurably al ter the results of the attainment modeling.

Sources estimated to be not significant or well outside the non-attainm ent area included several specific point source facilities and stationary non-point (a rea) sources. As de scribed in Technical Appendix III.D.5.6, area source emissions were de veloped only for the Fairbanks North Star

6 As confirmed from a review of EPA’s 2008 National Emission Inventory (NEI) Version 3 database, the reported annual facility emissions from AirTools were submitted by DEC and

loaded into the NEI.

7 A 2008 source test spreadsheet from a combin ed stack for boilers 1, 2 and 3 reported NH 3 emissions at a rate of 37.6 lb/hour, resulting in reported actual annual NH 3 emissions of over 164 tons. In a similar 2011 spreadsheet, emissions by individual emission unit (for combustion sources) were largely based on a cited N ov 2011 source test for which CO, NOx, PM, SO 2 and VOC emission factors and rates were measured, but NH 3 measurements were not reported.

To test a hunch that the 37.6 lb/ hour rate in the 2008 spreadsheet was incorrectly reported as NH 3 when it should have been CO, CO emission rate s were back-calculated CO for boiler 1, 2 and 3 from the 2011 EI spreadsheet. The result was ca lculated as 42.6 lb CO/hour, which is in reasonable agreement with the 37.6 lb/hour rate reported in 2008, given probable variation in operating conditions between the 2008 and 2011 source tests.

In addition, the 2004 EPA ammonia emissions report lists an NH 3 emission factor for coal boiler combustion (based on a single test , non-Alaska coal) of 0.030 lb NH 3 /ton coal. Assuming the energy content for coal from the Aurora Energy spreadsheets of 15.2 mmBTU/ton, this translates

to 0.002 lb NH 3 /mmBTU (0.030/15.2). Based on the coal throughput reported in the 2008 Chena spreadsheet for boilers 1, 2 and 3 (44 5,184 tons/year), the 37. 6 lb/hour reported NH 3 emission

rate translates to 0.05 lb NH 3 /mmBTU [37.6 × 8736 × 100000 / (445184 × 2000 × 7601)], which is roughly 25 times higher than the coal boiler emission factor in the 2004 EPA report. This

corroborates the likelihood of an emission rate reporting error for the 2008 source test where the value should have been entered for CO, not NH 3

.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-9 Borough portion of the modeling domain. Given th e sparse population density of the other three counties within the modeling domain (Denali, Southeast Fairbanks, and Yukon-Koyukuk), area

source emissions for these counties were assumed to be not significant and were excluded from the inventory.



### 5.6.1.4	Inventory	Preparation	Pe rsonnel	and	Responsibilities

Listed below are the agencies/organizations and ke y personnel involved in the preparation of the emission inventory and their respective roles.

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC)

 Alice Edwards – Managed overall SIP inventory development.

 Cindy Heil – Managed State-funde d local data collection (inc luding episodic point source data) and survey studies and coordinated eval uation of potential State control measures.

 Deanna Huff – Assisted in validation of ep isodic point source fac ility data, including review of stack parameter/release height da ta in conjunction with CALPUFF point source modeling supplementing the grid mo del-based attainment modeling.

 Joan Hardesty – assembled episodic point s ource data and facility operating permit data and assisted in review and validation of facility source coordinates.

Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB)

 Jim Conner and Ron Lovell – Managed Borough- funded local data collection and testing studies and coordinated review/investigati on of existing and poten tial Borough control

programs.

 Todd Thompson, Paul Simpson, and Christina DeHaven – Provided detailed transaction and geospatial data on activity within th e Borough Wood Stove Change Out program.

Sierra Research (consultant to DEC and FNSB)

 Bob Dulla – Managed Sierra Research’s ove rall inventory support efforts, including

coordination of State and local data collec tion, validation, and implementation within the emissions inventory; also performed source-le vel inventory quality assurance and control

measure reduction review.

 Tom Carlson – Principal tec hnical lead for the emissions inventory preparation and control measure benefits analys is; development of stationary point source, stationary nonpoint source, and non-road mobile source emi ssions; and quality assurance review of onroad mobile source emissions.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-10  Mark Hixson – Responsible for development of on-road mobile source emissions and generation of attainment model-ready gridded and speciated emission inputs.

 Frank Di Genova – Performed review and an alysis of State and Borough-funded space heating device emission testing studies and assimilation of validated results into emissions inventory framework and provided ov erall inventory quality assurance review.

 Dan Welch – Reviewed as-received episodic facility point source activity and fuel use data, flagged issues or calculation errors, and resolved/corrected these issues/errors through DEC-directed follow-up with affected facility operators.



### 5.6.1.5	Organization	of	the	SIP	Inventory	Documentation

Beyond this introductory section, Section I II.D.5.6.2 summarizes the data source and methodologies used to developed the 2008 base year and baseline inventories for the SIP. An overview of the approach used to calculate emi ssions for each sector is presented followed by

summaries of the 2008 Base Year and 2008 Baseline inventories.

Section III.D.5.6.3 describes the sources of populat ion and economic growth projections and the approach used to generate projected base line emission estimates in 2015 and 2019 (before application of control measure re ductions). It also provides em ission summaries by source sector for each projected baseline inventory.

Control inventories in 2015 (the attainment demonstration year) and 2019 are discussed in Section III.D.5.6.4. Each of the adopted or planne d state and local control programs is described separately, including assumptions regarding compliance and pene tration effectiveness and the sources upon which they were based. Emission summaries are also presented for the 2015 and

2019 control inventories.

Section III.D.5.6.6 explains how the 2017 Reasonabl e Further Progress inventory was calculated and how it meets RFP-based “linear progr ess toward attainment” requirements.

Section III.D.5.6.6 outlines the approach used to develop the 2017 Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets to satisfy RFP milestone requirements and establish budgets for use in subsequent regional transportation conf ormity determinations.

Finally, Section III.D.5.6.7 summarizes the data validation and quality assurance procedures utilized in preparing the complete set of SIP emission inventories.

In addition to the methodology summaries and tabulat ed emissions presented within this section of the SIP, Technical Appendix III.D.5.6 provide a series of in-depth descriptions of the

individual data sources and deta iled methodologies used to calcula te emissions for the baseline, projected baseline, and cont rol modeling inventories.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-11 

### 5.6.2. 2008	Baseline	and	Base	Year	Inventories

This sub-section presents and summarizes th e sources and methods used to develop the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory and th e 2008 Base Year planning inventor ies. As noted earlier in Section III.D.5.6.1, emission estimates in planni ng and modeling inventories are compiled at

different levels. The former contains estimates on an area-wide and annual or seasonal basis; the latter is more highly resolved in space and ti me, representing emissi ons by individual 1.3 km square grid cell, day, and hour for each of the 35 winter days encompassing the two 2008 historical modeling episodes in the attainment modeling analysis listed below.

 Episode 1 – January 23 through February 10, 2008 (19 days)

 Episode 2 – November 2 through November 17, 2008 (16 days)

A detailed discussion of the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory is presented first because portions of the planning inventories were developed based on the more de tailed modeling inventory. This is followed by a discussion of the Base Year planning inventories.



### 5.6.2.1	2008	Baseline	Modeling	Inventory

Overview – Considerable effort was invested in developing the modeli ng inventories, starting with the foundational 2008 Baseline inventory. B ecause of strong variations in monthly, daily, and diurnal source activity and emi ssion factors (largely driven by significant swings in ambient conditions between very cold wi nters and warm summers within the Alaskan interior), it was critically important to account for these effects in developing the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory for each of the 35 winter episode days.

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling i nventory emissions were calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates. For s ource types judged to be less significant 8 or for which local data were not available, estimates relied on EPA-developed NEI county-level activity data and

emission factors from EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors

, 9 AP-42 database.

Table 5.6-3 briefly summarizes the data sources a nd methods used to develop episodic modeling inventory emissions by source type. It also highlights those elements based on locally collected data. As shown by the shaded regions in Tabl e 5.6-3, the majority of both episodic wintertime activity and emission factor data supporting the 2008 Base line modeling inventory was developed based on local data and test measurements.

8 Assessments of source significance or relative share were not made “in isolation” but were evaluated and corroborated by ot her source apportionment tec hniques discussed in Section III.D.5.8 of the SIP, including Positive Matrix F actorization (PMF) and EPA-approved Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) statistical analysis.

9 “ Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,” Fifth Edition and Supplements, AP-42, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC. January 1995.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-12 As evidenced by source classification structure used to highlight utilizat ion of key local data sources, development of detailed episodic emissi on estimates to support the attainment modeling focused on three key source types:

1. Stationary Point Sources – industrial facility emissions fo r “major” stationary sources as

defined later in this sub-s ection developed from wintertime activity and fuel usage;

2. Space Heating Area (Nonpoint) Sources – residential and commercial heating of buildings with devices/fuels used under wintertime episodic ambient conditions; and

3. On-Road Mobile Sources – on-road vehicle emissions ba sed on local activity and fleet characteristics with EPA-accepted adjustme nts to account for effects of wintertime vehicle/engine block heater “plug-in” use in Fairbanks using MOVE S2010a (the latest

version of MOVES at the time th e SIP inventory work began).

As seen in emission summaries presented later in this sub-section, these three source types were the major contributors to both direct PM 2.5 emissions as well as emissions of potential precursor pollutants SO 2 , NOx, VOC, and NH 3 within both the non-attainment area as well as the broader Grid 3 modeling domain.

Table 5.6-3 Summary of Data/Methods Used in 2008 Baseline Modeling Inventory

Source Type/Category Source Activity Emission Factors

Point Sources Episodic facility and stack-level fuel use and process throughput Continuous emissions monitoring or facility/fuel-specific factors

Area (Nonpoint) Sources, Space Heating Detailed wintertime Fairbanks

non-attainment area residential heating device activity measurements and surveys - Test measurements of common Fairbanks wood and oil heating devices using local fuels

- AP-42 factors for local devices

or fuels not tested (natural gas, coal)

Area Sources, All

Others - Seasonal, source categoryspecific activity from a combination of State/Borough

sources

- NEI-based activity for

commercial cooking AP-42 emission factors

On-Road Mobile

Sources Local and state-based estimates

of annual and seasonal vehicle

miles traveled - MOVES2010a emission factors

based on local fleet/fuel

characteristics

- Augmented with Fairbanks wintertime vehicle warmup and plug-in emission testing data

Non-Road Mobile

Sources - Local activity estimates for key categories such as snowmobiles, aircraft and rail - NONROAD2008a model factors for non-road equipment

- EDMS model factors for aircraftAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-13 - NONROAD2008a modelbased activity for Fairbanks for other categories - EPA factors for locomotives

Following this overview, expanded summaries are pres ented that describe the approaches used to generate episodic emission estimates for each of the source types/categorie s listed in Table 5.6-3 for the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory. In addition to these methodology summaries, an exhaustive Inventory Technical Appendix (Appendix III.D.5.6) provides detail ed descriptions of the data sources, issues considered, and step-by- step methods and workflow used to generate modeling inventory emissions at the S ource Classification Code (SCC) level.

Following these summaries, a series of deta il tabulations and plots of the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory are presented.

Stationary Point Sources – For the 2008 Baselin e modeling inventory, DE C queried facilities from its permits database to identify major and minor point source facilit ies within the modeling domain. DEC uses the definition of a major source under Title V of the Clean Air Act (as specified in 40 CFR §51.20) to define the “m ajor source” thresholds for reporting annual

emissions. These thresholds are the potential to emit (PTE) annua l emissions of 100 tons for all relevant criteria air pollutants. Natural minor and synthetic minor facilities (between 5 and 99 TPY) reporting emissions under either New Sour ce Review (NSR) or Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements were also in itially included in the query to ensure that

facilities within the non-attainment area just below the 100 TPY thre shold were also identified to determine whether their emission levels might wa rrant treatment as indi vidual stationary point sources within the SIP model inventory.

A total of 14 facilities were identified. Of these, DEC noted that three of the facilities—the Golden Valley Electric Associat ion (GVEA) Healy Power Plant a nd the heating/power plants at Fort Greely (near Delta Junction) and Clear Ai r Force Base (near Anderson)—were excluded from development of episodic emissions. These facilities were excluded because of their remoteness relative to Fairbanks (a ll are between 55 and 78 miles away) 10 or the fact that they were located generally downwind of the non-atta inment area under episodic air flow patterns (Healy Power Plant and Clear AFB). Three othe rs were identified as minor/synthetic minor sources: (1) Fort Knox Mine (26 miles northeast of Fairbanks), (2) Usibelli Coal Preparation Plant (in Healy), and (3) CMI Asphalt Plant (in Fa irbanks); these were excluded from treatment as individual episodic point sources because they either were located ou tside the non-attainment area (Fort Knox and Usibelli) or exhibited insignificant wintertim e activity (CMI Asphalt Plant).

(These excluded facilities were treated as st ationary non-point or ar ea sources within the inventory.)

10 Individual point source plume modeling conduc ted by DEC in support of the SIP using the CALPUFF model found that under the episodic meteorological conditions, emissions from

facilities located outside the Fairbanks PM 2.5 non-attainment area exhibited negligible

contributions to ambient PM 2.5 concentrations in the area.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-14 The names and primary equipment and fuels of th e eight remaining facilities for which episodic

data were collected and devel oped are summarized in Table 5.6- 4. One facility, Eielson Air Force Base, is located just out side the non-attainment area boundary on the southeast edge. All

other facilities liste d in Table 5.6-4 are located with in the non-attainment area.

DEC then requested additional actual day- and ho ur-specific activity and emissions data from each facility (as available) covering the two 2008 historical modeling episodes. Information was requested for both combustion and fugitive sources. Requested data elements included emission units, stack parameters (height, diameter, exit te mperature and velocity/f lowrate), release points (location coordinates), c ontrol devices (as applicable), season al and diurnal fuel properties, and throughput.

DEC’s contractor, Sierra Research, Inc. (Sierra) then assembled and reviewed the submitted data for completeness, consistency, and validity prior to integrating the episodic data into the SIP

inventories. Given the differences in structur e and content of the submitted episodic data, the data were individually reviewed for each facility before being assembled into a consistent inventory structure.

Table 5.6-4 Summary of SIP Modeling Inventory Point Source Facilities

Facility ID Facility Name Primary Equipment/Fuels

71 Flint Hills North Pole Refinery 11 crude & process heaters burning process gas/LPG (9 operated during episodes), plus 2 natural gas fired steam generators, gas flare

109 GVEA Zehnder (Illinois St)

Power Plant Two gas turbines burning HAGO a , two diesel generators burning Jet A

110 GVEA North Pole Power Plant Three gas turbines, two burning HAGO, one burning naphtha (plus an emergency generator and building heaters not used during episodes)

236 Fort Wainwright Backup diesel boilers & generators (3 each) - none operated during episodes

264 Eielson Air Force Base Over 70 combustion units - six coal-fired main boilers only operated during episodes

315 Aurora Energy Chena Power

Plant Four coal-fired boilers (1 la rge, 3 small), all exhausted through common stack

316 UAF Campus Power Plant Two coal-fired, two oil-fired boilers (plus backup generators & incinerator not operated during episodes)

1121 Doyon Utilities (private Fort Wainwright units) Six coal-fired boilers

a Heavy Atmospheric Gas Oil. HAGO is a crude distillate at the heavy end of typical refinery “cuts” with typical boiling points ranging from 610-800 ° F. Due to geographic proximity, GVE A seasonally uses HAGO, a by-product from Flint Hills Refinery.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-15 Generally, most facili ties provided hourly PM 2.5 and SO 2 emission rates by individual emission unit. As explained in greater detail below, Si erra then developed es timates of NOx and VOC

emission rates from AP-42 11 based emission factors (where fu el use data were explicitly provided) or from fuel-speci fic emission factor ratios.

Figure 5.6-2 through Figure 5.6-5 provides comparisons of PM 2.5, SO 2 , NOx, and VOC emissions, respectively, for each source facility for which episodic data were collected. (Episodic NH 3 data were not available.) Within each fi gure, four sets of daily average emissions (in tons/day) are plotted for each facility, as described below.

1. 2008 E1 Avg – Episode 1 (Jan. 23 - Feb 10, 2008) average daily actual emissions

2. 2008 E2 Avg – Episode 2 (Nov.2 – Nov. 17, 2008) av erage daily actual emissions

3. 2008 Actual – 2008 actual annual average daily emissions (from DEC database)

4. PTE – Permitted annual Potential to Emit (PTE) levels, expressed on an average daily basis (from DEC database)

Figure 5.6-2. 2008 PM 2.5 Episodic, Actual Annual, and PTE Point Source Emissions (tons/day)

11 “AP-42, Fifth Edition, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources,” Environmen tal Protection Agency, January 1995. 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder GVEA NP Eielson

AFB Aurora
Energy UAF Doyon (Ft
WW)Emissions(tons/day) 2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTEAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-16 Figure 5.6-3. 2008 SO 2 Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source Emissions (tons/day)

In comparing PTE limits to the actual emissions in this set of figures, one should compare only actual annual emissions (green bars ) to the PTE limits (purple bars ) since all the da ta are plotted on an average daily basis. In other words, the fact that GVEP NP Episode 1 average daily emissions in Figure 5.6-2 (blue ba r) are higher than the PTE leve l (purple bar) does not indicate

the PTE limit was exceeded since it is an a nnual, rather than daily, average limit.

Figure 5.6-4. 2008 NOx Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source Emissions (tons/day) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder GVEA NP Eielson

AFB Aurora
Energy UAF Doyon (Ft
WW)Emissions(tons/day) 2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTE

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder GVEA NP Eielson

AFB Aurora
Energy UAF Doyon (Ft
WW)Emissions(tons/day) 2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTEAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-17 Figure 5.6-5. 2008 VOC Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source Emissions (tons/day)

As seen in Figure 5.6-2, significant differences exis t for certain facilities between actual daily average PM 2.5 emissions during the winter modeling episodes and permitted (i.e., PTE) average daily emission levels. Moreover, the difference in average actual daily emissions also varied significantly between modeling epis odes (and compared to actual annual average emissions) for specific facilities, notably the GVE A North Pole (NP) power plant.

Figure 5.6-3 through Figure 5.6-5 show similar comparisons for the precursor pollutants.

In comparing the facility-specific daily emission aver ages across this series of plots, it is noted that the PTE emissions represent emission limits based on operating permits in place in the 2008 baseline year that continue through 2014 with exceptions at UAF 12 and Flint Hills 13 that were

assumed to not affect PTE emissions in the projected 2015 inventories.

In addition, the episodic actual emissions for thes e point sources in the modeling inventory are represented on a day- and hour-specific basis. Th e E1 and E2 emission levels shown in the plots are averages compiled from the day- and hour-s pecific emissions across each modeling episode.

12 UAF received a construction permit (under Title I of the CAA) in April 2014 for replacement of its two existing coil-fired boi lers with new dual fuel-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers that will result in modest changes in fac ility PTE levels. As of the date of this SIP submittal, it was unknown if these boiler replacements would actua lly occur in 2015. Thus, preApril 2014 PTE levels were assumed for UAF in 2015.

13 In the first half of 2014, the Flint Hills Refinery was shut down. Production of both gasoline and other fuel products ended in early summer. The facility’s actual and PTE emissions were still applied in the 2015 inventor y given uncertainty about the closing/decommissioning schedule for the refinery at the time the inventory was finalized. 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder GVEA NP Eielson

AFB Aurora
Energy UAF Doyon (Ft
WW)Emissions(tons/day) 2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTEAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-18 Space Heating Area Sources – Inventory assessments and source apportionment analysis performed to support initial development of the SIP identified space heati ng as the single largest source category of directly emitted PM 2.5 . Thus, the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory incorporated an exhaustive set of locally collected data in Fairbanks that were used to estimate episodic wintertime space heating emissions by heati ng device type and fuel type. These local wintertime data and their use in generating space heating emissions are summarized below.

 Fairbanks Winter Home Heating Energy Model – A multivariate predictive model of household space heating energy use was develo ped based on highly resolved (down to five-minute intervals) actual instrumented measurements of heating device use in a sample of Fairbanks homes during winter 2011 collected by the Cold Climate Housing Research Center (CCHRC) in Fairbanks. The energy model was calibrated based on the CCHRC measurements and predicted energy use by day and hour as a function of household size (sq ft), heating devices presen t (fireplaces, wood stoves, outdoor hydronic heaters, and oil heating devices) and day type (weekday/weekend).

 Multiple Residential Heating Surveys – Representations of area (ZIP code) specific wintertime heating device uses and practices were developed from a series of annual telephone-based surveys of residential hous eholds within the non-attainment area, ranging in size from 300-700 households per surv ey. The results of these surveys were used to develop estimates of the types and number of heating devices used during winter by ZIP code within the non-attainment area. The survey data were also used to crosscheck the energy model-based fuel use predic tions as well as to identify and apportion wood use within key subgroups (certified vs . non-certified devices and purchased vs. user-cut wood, the latter of which reflects diffe rences in moisture content that affects emissions).

 Fairbanks Wood Species Energy C ontent and Moisture Measurements – CCHRC performed an additional study that measured wood drying practices and moisture content of commonly used wood species for space hea ting in Fairbanks. These measurements were combined with published wood species-specific energy content data and additional residential survey data (2013 Wood Tag Su rvey) under which respondents identified the types of wood they used to heat their home s. Birch, Spruce, and “Aspen” (i.e., Poplar) were identified as the three prim ary locally used wood species.

 Laboratory-Measured Emission Fact ors for Fairbanks Heating Devices – An accredited testing laboratory, OMNI-Test Laboratory (OMNI), was contracted to perform a series of heating device emission tests using a sample of wood-burning and oil heating devices commonly used in Fairbanks in conjunction wi th samples of locally collected wood and heating oil. The primary purpose of this tes ting was to evaluate and, if necessary, update AP-42-based emission factors that were gene rally based on heating device technology circa 1990. The OMNI study provided the firs t and most comprehensive systematic attempt to quantify Fairbanks-specific, cu rrent technology-based em ission factors from space heating appliances and fuels. Th e laboratory-based emission testing study consisted of 35 tests of nine space heating ap pliances, using six typical Fairbanks fuels.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-19 Both direct PM and gaseous precursors (SO 2 , NOx, NH 3 ) were measured, along with PM elemental profiles. All emission tests were conducted at OMNI’s laboratory in Portland, Oregon. Supporting solid fuel, liquid fuel, a nd bottom ash analyses were performed by Twin Ports Testing, Southwest Research In stitute (SwRI), and Columbia Analytical Services, respectively. PM profiles of deposits on Teflon filters from dilution tunnel sampling were analyzed by Research Triangl e Institute using XRF, ion chromatography, and thermal/optical analysis.

Space heating emissions were estimated using OM NI-based results where available for specific

devices and AP-42-based estimates for devices for which OMNI te sts were not conducted. Table 5.6-5 shows the device and fuel types resolved in estimating space heating emissions for the modeling inventory, their assigned SCC codes, and the sour ce of the emission factors (OMNI testing or AP-42-based) used in ca lculating emissions for each device.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-20 Table 5.6-5 Fairbanks Space Heating Devices and Fuel Types and Source of Emission Factors

Device Type SCC Code Emission Factor
Wood-Burning Devices Fireplace, No Inse rt 2104008100 AP-42 Fireplace, With Insert - Non- EPA Certified 2104008210 AP-42 Fireplace, With Insert - EPA Cer tified Non-Catalytic 2104008220 AP-42 Fireplace, With Insert - EPA Ce rtified Catalytic 2104008230 AP-42

Woodstove - Non-EPA Certified 2104008310 OMNI Woodstove - EPA Certified Non-Catalytic 2104008320 OMNI Woodstove - EPA Certified Catalytic 2104008330 OMNI Pellet Stove (Exempt) 2104008410 OMNI Pellet Stove (EPA Certified) 2104008420 OMNI OWB (Hydronic Heater) - Unqualified 2104008610 OMNI OWB (Hydronic Heater) - Phase 2 2104008640 OMNI Other Heating Devices Central Oil (Weighted # 1 & #2), Residential 2104004000 OMNI Central Oil (Weighted # 1 & #2), Commercial 2103004001 OMNI

Portable Heater: 43% Kerosene & 57% Fuel Oil 2104004000 AP-42

Direct Vent Oil Heater 2104007000 AP-42

Natural Gas - Residential 2104006010 AP-42 Natural Gas - Commercial, small uncontrolled 2103006000 AP-42

Coal Boiler 2104002000 OMNI Waste Oil Burning 2102012000 OMNI

Episodic day- and hour-specific emissions from space heating fuel combustion were calculated by combining heating energy use estimates fromthe Fairbanks Energy Model with ZIP codespecific device distributions from the local su rvey data (along with wood species mix and moisture content data) and bloc k-level GIS shapefile counts of housing units from the 2010 U.S. Census, along with emission factors for the devi ces listed in Table 5.6-5. These calculations are discussed in detail in Appendix III.D.5.6.

Finally, as described in further detail in Sect ion III.D.5.8, the space he ating emissions were passed to the SMOKE inventory pre-processing model on an epis odic daily and hourly basis.

Earlier versions of the SMOKE model accepted only nonpoint or ar ea source emissions that were temporally resolved using independent monthly, da y of week, and diurnal profiles. As described in Section III.D.5.8, Sierra deve loped a modified version of SMOKE to also accept area source emissions in a similar fashion to which day- and hour-specific episodic point source emissions can be supplied to the model. This was critically important in preserving the actual historical temporal resolution reflected in the space he ating portion of the modeling inventory when applied in the downstream attainment modeling.

All Other Area Sources – Modeling inventory emi ssions for all other st ationary area sources other than those related to space heating were ca lculated more simply, although still using localAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-21 data where available. The primary data source used to estimate “Other” area source emissions

was an earlier 2009 Alaska crit eria pollutant inventory study 14 sponsored by DEC.

This DEC study, referred to as the “Big 3” inventor ies, consisted of the development of pollutant emission estimates for the three most populous co unties in the state: the Municipality of Anchorage, the Fairbanks Nort h Star Borough, and the Juneau Borough. The Big 3 inventories were developed for calendar years 2002, 2005, and 2018 using a combination of 2002 base year data and growth/control forecasts for 2005 and 2018. The inventories encompassed all source sectors (point, area, on-road, non-road) and the following criteria pollutants: VOC, NOx, CO,

SO
x , NH 3 , PM 10, and PM 2.5 . For each calendar year, annual emissions as well as winter and summer seasonal emissions were developed. The seasonal estimates reflected six-month winter (October through March) and summer (April through September) daily averages based on seasonal activity profiles developed using local data where available.

For use in this PM 2.5 SIP inventory, SCC-level summer and winter season emission estimates

were extracted from National Emission Invent ory (NEI) Input Format (NIF) spreadsheet structures developed under the Big 3 study to allow DEC to subm it data to support the NEI. Only area source SCC records were extracted for the Fairbanks Borough in calendar year 2005, the nearest year to the SIP inventory 2008 base year.

The SCC-level winter 2005 emissions from the ear lier inventory were pr ojected to 2008 using historical year-to-year county- wide population estimates compiled by the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Developm ent (ADLWD) for use in the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory for this SIP. The three-year (2005-2008) popul ation growth factor for Fairbanks from the historical ADLWD data was 1.026, reflecting th e 2.6% increase applied to the 2005 Big 3 emissions for Fairbanks in proj ecting emissions for other area sources to the 2008 Baseline.

In compiling these other area source emission estima tes, a series of SCC-level source category comparisons were made between the Big 3 inventory and EPA’s 2008 NEI inventory for Fairbanks nonpoint sources. In performing these comparisons, a gap was found in that commercial cooking emissions (e.g., from restaurant char broilers) had not been included in the Big 3 inventory. As a result, commercial cooking emissions within the Other Area Source sector of the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory were developed based on data from the 2008 NEI (Version 3).

It is also noted that a number of source categories within th e Other Area Source sector were estimated to have no emissions during epis odic wintertime conditions. These “zeroed” wintertime source categories are listed be low (with SCC codes in parentheses).

 Fugitive Dust, Paved Roads (2294000000)

 Fugitive Dust, Unpaved Roads (2296000000)

 Industrial Processes, Petroleum Refi ning, Asphalt Paving Materials (2306010000)

14 L. Williams, et al., “Criteria Pollutant Invent ory for Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau in 2002, 2005 and 2018,” prepared for Alaska Departme nt of Environmental Conservation, Sierra Research Report No. SR2009-02-01, February 2009.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-22  Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Architectural Coatings (2401001000)

 Solvent Utilization, Miscel laneous Commercial, Aspha lt Application (2461020000)

 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Co mbustion, Forest Wildfires (2810001000)

 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Co mbustion, Firefighting Training (2810035000)

Some of these source categories, notably those for fugitive dust and forest wildfires, have significant summer season (and annual average) emissions; however, emissions from these categories do not occur during wi nter conditions in Fairbanks when road and land surfaces are covered by snow and ice.

On-Road Mobile Sources – Emissi ons from on-road motor vehicles were developed within the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory us ing locally developed vehicle travel activity estimates and fleet characteristics as inputs to EP A’s MOVES2010a vehicle emissions model. 15 To support the gridded inventory structure and episodic (daily/hourly) emission estimates of the modeling inventory, MOVES2010a was used to generate detailed fleet em ission rates and was combined with EPA’s SMOKE-MOVES integration tool to pass the highly resolved and emission processspecific emission rates into input structures required by the SMOKE inventory pre-processing

model.

For the 2008 Baseline inventory, M OVES inputs were based primarily on data gathered as part of the conformity analysis for the Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Trans portation System (FMATS) 2012-2015 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). 16 FMATS is the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for Fairbanks. The timing of the FMATS TIP was such that it was one of the first regional conformity analyses conducte d using MOVES. Inputs for that conformity analysis were derived from local transportation modeling efforts, vehicle registration data, and other local data. The transporta tion and other vehicle activity da ta are discussed below. The remaining fleet characteristics and other MOVE S inputs are discussed in Appendix III.D.5.6.

Regional Travel Model Vehicle Activity – Vehicle activity on the FMATS transportation network

was based on the TransCAD travel demand mo deling performed for the 2012-2015 TIP. The TransCAD modeling network cove rs the entire Fairbanks PM 2.5 non-attainment area and its major links extend beyond the non-attainment ar ea boundary, as illustrated in Figure 5.6-6.

15 Although EPA has released subsequent versi ons, MOVES2010b (initially released in May 2012 and updated in October 2012 and MOVES2014 (released on July 31, 2014), the vehicle emissions portion of the SIP inventory was initiate d before these newer version release dates. Moreover, for the primary criteria pollutants cont ained in the modeling i nventory, the differences

between MOVES2010a and MOVES2010b are not significant. MOVES2014 was not

considered for use in the SIP since it was released in the latter stages of the SIP’s development.

16 T. Carlson, R. Dulla, “Draft Conformity Analysis for Federally Approved 2012-2015 FMATS Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), prepared for Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation System, July 18, 2011.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-23 Figure 5.6-6. FMATS TransCAD Modeling Network

The TransCAD model was configured using 2010 U.S. Census-based socioeconomic data. TransCAD modeling was performed for a 2010 base year and a projected 2035 horizon year. Projected population and household data relied on Census 2010 projections and a 1% annual growth rate in forecasted employment based on th e information from the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the Univ ersity of Alaska, Anchorage.

Link-level TransCAD outputs were pr ocessed to develop several of the travel activity related inputs required by MOVES. Ve hicle miles traveled (VMT) tabulated across the TransCAD network for the 2010 base year and 2035 for ecast year are presented in Table 5.6-6. R I C H A R D S O N H

W Y G o l d s t r e a m R

d

B A D G E R R

D O L D M U R P H Y D O M E R D

S T E E S E H

W Y E L L I O T H W Y

P E E D E R D

R E P P R D

P L A C K R D P E G E R R D A I R P O R T W A Y

C H E N A P U M P R D

H U R S T R D H O L M E S R D

C H E N A R I D G E R D B A L L A I N E R D

G A F F N E Y R D C O LL

E G E R

D

D S T

N E L S O N R D J O H A N S E N E X P Y

U N I V E R S I T Y A V E 2 N D A

V E F A RM E R S L O O P RD

S C U S H M A N
S T F R E E M A N R D

3 0 T H A V E S U M M I T D R

S t e e l e C

r e e k R

d

O L D R I C H A R D S O N H W Y

N E W B Y R D M O N T G O M E R Y R D

B e n n e t t R d

D A W S O N R D 1 7 T H A V E

E A S Y

S T

O L D R I C H A R D S O N H W Y S T E E S E H W Y

0 5 10 2.5 Miles 

# Ü

Fairbanks PM 2.5 Non-Attainment Area BoundaryAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-24 Table 5.6-6 TransCAD Average Daily VMT by Analysis Year, Daily Period and Fleet Category

Period / Vehicle Type Entire Modeling Area (PM NA Area) 2010 2035 % Change

Daily Period a AM Peak (AM) 132,469 187,841 41.8% PM Peak (PM) 380,135 509,440 34.0% Off-Peak (OP) 1,206,159 1,587,234 31.6%
Vehicle Type Passenger VMT 1,718,763 2,284,514 32.9%

Truck VMT 105,132 104,201 -0.9%

Total VMT 1,823,895 2,388,715 31.0%

a VMT by daily period was developed for the passenger fleet; truck VMT was modeled only on a daily basis.

Vehicle Activity Beyond FMATS Network – The geographic extent of the FMATS network covers a small portion of the en tire Grid 3 attainment modeling domain. Traffic density in the

broader Alaskan interior is likel y to be less than that concentr ated in Fairbanks (and have less impact on ambient air quality in Fairbanks). Ne vertheless, for completeness, link-level travel estimates for major roadways beyond the FMATS network (and Fairbanks NA Area) were developed using a spatial (ArcGIS-compatible) “Road Centerline” polyline coverage for the Interior Alaska region developed by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (ADOT&PF). This GIS layer identifie d locations of major hi ghway/arterial routes

within the Grid 3 domain broken down in to individual milepost (MP) segments.

These road centerline segments are shown in re d in Figure 5.6-7 along with the smaller FMATS link network (green lines) and th e extent of the SIP Grid 3 mo deling domain (blue rectangle). Annual average daily traffic volumes (AADT) and VMT (determined by multiplying volume by segment length) were assigned to each segment ba sed on a spreadsheet database of calendar year 2007, 2008, and 2009 traffic volume data compiled by ADOT&PF’s Northern Region office. A Linear Reference System (LRS) approach was us ed to spatially assign volume and VMT data for each segment in the spreadsheet database to the links in the Road Centerline layer based on the route identifier number (CDS_N UM) and lineal milepost value.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-25 Figure 5.6-7. Additional ADOT&PF R oadway Links beyond FMATS Network

Non-Road Mobile Sources – Non-road sources encompass all mobile sources that are not onroad vehicles. 17 They include recreational and commercia l off-road vehicles and equipment as well as aircraft, locomotives, recreational pleasure craft (boats) and marine vessels. (Neither

commercial marine nor recreational vessel emissions are contained in the modeling inventory, as they do not operate in the arc tic conditions experienced in th e Fairbanks modeling domain during the winter.)

NONROAD Model-Based – EPA’s latest NONROAD emi ssions model, NONROAD2008, 18 was used to generate emissions from the followi ng types of non-road vehicles and equipment:

 Recreational vehicles (e.g., al l-terrain vehicles, off-road motorcycles, snowmobiles);

 Logging equipment (e.g., chain saws);

 Agricultural equipment (e.g., tractors);

17 Although recent versions of EPA’s NEI inve ntories (2008 and 2011) treat emissions for aircraft and supporting equipment a nd rail yard locomotive emissions as stationary point sources, emissions from these sources were “traditionally” located within the Non-Road source sector.

18 U.S. EPA NONROAD Model, Ve rsion 2008a, released July 2009. P A R K S H

I G H W A Y R

I C H A R D S O N H

I G H W A Y E L L I O T T H I G H W A Y

A L A S K A H I G H W A Y Yukon-Koyukuk

Denali Fairbanks North Star

Southeast Fairbanks D A L T O N H

I G H W A Y

S T E E S E E

X P R E S S W A Y / H I G H W A Y

C H E N A H

O T S

P R I N G S R

O A D 0 40 80 20 Miles 

# Ü

FMATS Modeling Network and
Fairbanks PM 2.5 NAA SIP Modeling Domain

Beyond FMATS Centerline LinksAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-26  Commercial equipment (e.g., welders and compressors);

 Construction and mining equipment (e.g., graders and backhoes);

 Industrial equipment (e.g., forklifts and sweepers);

 Residential and commercial lawn and garden equipment (e.g., leaf and snow blowers);

 Locomotive support/railway maintenance e quipment (but not locomotives); and

 Aircraft ground support equipment 19 (but not aircraft).

It is important to note that none of these non-road vehi cle and equipment types listed above were federally regulated until the mid-1990s. (As pare nthetically noted for the last two equipment categories in the list above, the NONROAD mode l estimates emissions of support equipment for the rail and air sectors, but emissions from locomotives and aircraft are not addressed by

NONROAD and were calculated se parately using other models/met hods as described in the subsections that follow.)

Default equipment populations and activity levels in the NONROAD model are based on national averages, then scaled down to represent smaller geogra phic areas on the basis of human population and proximity to recrea tional, industrial, and commerci al facilities. EPA recognizes the limitations inherent in this “top-down” appro ach, and realizes that lo cally generated inputs to the model will increase the accuracy of the resulting output. Therefor e, in cases where data were available (most notably snowm obiles and snow blowers), loca lly derived inputs that more accurately reflect the equipment population, growth rates, and wintertime activity levels in the Fairbanks area were substituted for EPA’s default input values.

Nonexistent Wintertime Activity – Due to the severe outdoor weather conditions present in Fairbanks during the winter months, Fairbanks Borough staff determined that there is zero wintertime activity for a number of different equi pment categories. Therefore, all activity and corresponding emissions for the following non-ro ad equipment categories were removed from the episodic wintertime modeling inventory:

 Lawn and Garden;

 Agricultural Equipment;

 Logging Equipment;

 Pleasure Craft (i.e., personal watercraft , inboard and sterndrive motor boats);

 Selected Recreational Equipment (i.e., golf carts, ATVs, off-road motorcycles); and

 Commercial Equipment (i.e., generator sets, pressure washers, welders, pumps, A/C refrigeration units).

Locomotive Emissions – Emissions for two types of locomo tive activity were included in the emissions inventory:

1) Line-Haul – locomotive emissions along rail lines within the modeling domain (from Healy to Fairbanks and Fairbanks to Eielson Air Force Base); and

19 Although NONROAD can be configured to also estimate emissions from airport ground support equipment (GSE), GSE emissions were es timated using the EDMS model as described

later.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-27 2) Yard Switching – locomotive emissions from train switching activities within the Fairbanks and Eielson rail yards.

Information on wintertime train activity (circa 2010) was obtained from the Alaska Railroad Corporation 20 (ARRC), the sole rail utility operating within the modeling domain, providing both passenger and freight service. These activity data were combined with locomotive emission factors published by EPA 21 to estimate rail emissions with in the emissions inventory.

Aircraft and Associated Airfield Emissions – Emissions were estimated from aircraft operations at three regional airfields within the modeling do main: (1) Fairbanks International Airport (FAI); (2) Fort Wainwright Army Post 22 (FBK); and (3) Eielson Air For ce Base (EIL). The aircraft emissions were developed using the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Emission and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS). EDMS c onsiders the physical characteristics of each airport along with detailed mete orological and operations inform ation in order to estimate the overall emissions of aircraft, ground support eq uipment (GSE), and auxiliary power units (APUs) at each airport. At the time the analysis was performed, EDMS 5.1.3 was the latest

available version.

The EDMS model requires as input detailed in formation on landings and take-offs (LTO) for each aircraft type in order to assign GSE and es timate the associated emissions. Each LTO is assumed to comprise six distinct aircraft relate d emissions modes: start up, taxi out, take off, climb out, approach, and taxi in. The EDMS mode led defaults for time in mode and angle of climb out and approach were used for purposes of this analysis. In order to properly allocate aircraft emissions to each vertical layer of analysis (elevation above ground level), aircraft

emissions were estimated for each mode and ascribed to a specif ic vertical layer.

Appendix III.D.5.6 provides detail ed descriptions of the activ ity inputs and NONROAD, EDMS, and locomotive emission modeling used to genera te emissions for the Non-Road sector of the modeling inventory.

Modeling Inventory Assembly and Pre-Processing – Emissions estim ates across all sectors of the modeling inventory were generated at the SCC level and either di rectly gridded into the 1.3 km cells of the Grid 3 modeling domain (e.g., for point and space heating area sources) or assembled into spatial surrogate profiles for use within the SMOKE inventory pre-processing model.

For the three key source sectors (Point, Space He ating Area and On-Road Mobile), emissions were also temporally supplied to SMOKE on a day- and an hour-specific basis for each of the 35 historical days encompassing the two attainme nt modeling episodes. For the remaining two source sectors (Other Area and Non-Road Mobile ), emissions were temporally supplied to

20 Email from Greg Lotakis, Alaska Railroad Corporation to Bob Dulla, Sierra Research, May 10, 2011.

21 “Emission Factors for Locomotives,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Qua lity, EPA-420-F-09-025, April 2009.

22 Formerly Ladd Air Force Base.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-28 SMOKE using SCC-specific monthly, day of week and diurnal profiles based on surrogates described in Appendix III.D.5.6.

2008 Baseline Modeling Inventory Emissions – 2008 Baseline modeling inventory emissions calculated using the data sources and methodolog ies summarized in the preceding paragraphs were tabulated by source sector and key subcategory and are presented as follows.

Table 5.6-7 and Table 5.6-8 show 2008 Baseline emi ssions tabulated by source sector with actual (green shaded) and PTE (red shaded) emissions, respectively, for the Point source sector. (The Space Heating and On-Road sectors are further br oken out into key subcategories.) Emissions

are shown in both tables for the entire Grid 3 modeling domain and the smaller PM 2.5 nonattainment area and are presented on an av erage daily basis over the 35 episode days.

Table 5.6-7 2008 Baseline Episode Average Daily Emis sions (tons/day) by Source Sector,

Actual Point Source Emissions

Source Sector Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NOx VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (Actual) 1.423 8.380 13.395 0.096 <0.001 a 1.412 8.167 13.285 0.096 <0.001 a Area, Space Heating 3.098 4.286 2.391 12. 369 0.149 2.756 3.865 2.182 11.058 0.136 Area, Space Heat, Wood 2.986 0.095 0.421 1 2.207 0.110 2.656 0.084 0.373 10.914 0.098 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.062 4.121 1.774 0 .098 0.003 0.056 3.7 19 1.617 0.088 0.003 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.050 0.070 0.19 6 0.065 0.037 0.043 0.0 62 0.192 0.056 0.035 Area, Other 0.064 0.000 0.003 0.692 0.000 0.061 0.000 0.002 0.569 0.000

On-Road 0.811 0.057 5.743 7.439 0.088 0.676 0.046 4.625 5.725 0.071 On-Road, Running Exh 0.503 0.050 4.322 0.941 0.088 0.435 0.040 3.561 0.765 0.071 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.308 0.008 1.421 6.410 0.000 0.242 0.006 1.064 4.894 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.238 0.151 2.135 12.262 0.005 0.027 0.077 1.088 0.451 0.003

TOTALS 5.633 12.875 23.667 32.859 0. 242 4.932 12.155 21.182 17.898 0.210

a Actual NH 3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.

Although 2008 Baseline inventories ar e shown reflecting both actua l and PTE emissions within the point source sector, atta inment modeling (both model validation and attainment demonstration modeling) described in later Section 5.8 was based on actual point source

emissions for the 2008 baseline in accor dance with CAA Section 172(c)(3).

For completeness, inventory summaries are gene rally presented for both actual and PTE point source emissions throughout the re mainder of this chapter. A ttainment modeling described in

Section 5.8 was based on actual emissions for th e 2008 baseline and examined both actual and PTE emissions for future years (e.g., 2015) in accordance with EPA guidance 23

.

23 “Guidance on the Use of Models and Other An alyses for Demonstrati ng Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone, PM 2.5 , and Regional Haze,” U.S. Envi ronmental Protection Agency, EPA-454/B-07-002, April 2007.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-29 Table 5.6-8 2008 Baseline Episode Average Daily Emis sions (tons/day) by Source Sector,

PTE Point Source Emissions

Source Sector Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (PTE) 2.773 26.612 29.609 0.845 <0.001 a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001 a Area, Space Heating 3.098 4.286 2.391 12. 369 0.149 2.756 3.865 2.182 11.058 0.136 Area, Space Heat, Wood 2.986 0.095 0.421 1 2.207 0.110 2.656 0.084 0.373 10.914 0.098 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.062 4.121 1.774 0 .098 0.003 0.056 3.7 19 1.617 0.088 0.003 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.050 0.070 0.19 6 0.065 0.037 0.043 0.0 62 0.192 0.056 0.035 Area, Other 0.064 0.000 0.003 0.692 0.000 0.061 0.000 0.002 0.569 0.000

On-Road 0.811 0.057 5.743 7.439 0.088 0.676 0.046 4.625 5.725 0.071 On-Road, Running Exh 0.503 0.050 4.322 0.941 0.088 0.435 0.040 3.561 0.765 0.071 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.308 0.008 1.421 6.410 0.000 0.242 0.006 1.064 4.894 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.238 0.151 2.135 12.262 0.005 0.027 0.077 1.088 0.451 0.003

TOTALS 6.983 31.107 39.881 33.607 0. 242 5.115 26.961 35.290 18.628 0.210

a Actual NH 3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.

To provide a clearer picture of the relative em issions contributions of each source sector, Figure 5.6-8 through Figure 5.6-12 provide “pie chart” breakdowns (as a percentage of total emissions)

for PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO
x , VOC, and NH 3 emissions, respectively, with in the non-attainment area based on actual point source emissions. (The breakdowns are similar for the larger Grid 3 domain and thus are not shown.)

As seen in Figure 5.6-8, space heating dominates episodic emissions of PM 2.5 , representing roughly 56% of total PM 2.5 emitted within the non-attainment area. Wood-burning alone contributes nearly 54% to total PM 2.5 . Point sources and on-road vehicles comprise 29% and

14% of total PM 2.5 , respectively. All other area sources and non-road mobile sources combined encompass under 2%.

As shown in Figure 5.6-9 through Figure 5.6-12, the predominant source category for each gaseous precursor pollutant varies. Emissions of SO 2 largely come from point sources and secondarily from oil-burning heating devices. Point sources are the major contributors of episodic NO
x , while wood-burning space heating is the largest source of VOC. For NH 3 , in the absence of data for point sources, wood-burning sp ace heating is the largest contributor of those

source sectors for which emi ssion data were available.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-30 Figure 5.6-8. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, Actual Point Source Emissions, Relative PM 2.5 Contributions (%)

Figure 5.6-9. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, Actual Point Source Emissions, Relative SO 2 Contributions (%)Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-31 Figure 5.6-10. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-A ttainment Area Emissions, Actual Point Source Emissions, Relative NO
x Contributions (%)

Figure 5.6-11. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-A ttainment Area Emissions, Actual Point Source Emissions, Relative VOC Contributions (%)Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-32 Figure 5.6-12. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-A ttainment Area Emissions, Actual Point Source Emissions, Relative NH 3 Contributions (%)

Figure 5.6-13 through Figure 5.6-17 provide sim ilar source contribution breakdowns using PTE rather than actual point source emissions. Not su rprisingly, point sources represent a larger share relative to total emissions when using th eir PTE, rather than actual, emissions.

Figure 5.6-13. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Atta inment Area Emissions, PTE Point Source Emissions, Relative PM 2.5 Contributions (%)Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-33 Figure 5.6-14. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Atta inment Area Emissions, PTE Point Source Emissions, Relative SO 2 Contributions (%)

Figure 5.6-15. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Atta inment Area Emissions, PTE Point Source Emissions, Relative NO
x Contributions (%)Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-34 Figure 5.6-16. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Atta inment Area Emissions, PTE Point Source Emissions, Relative VOC Contributions (%)

Figure 5.6-17. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Atta inment Area Emissions, PTE Point Source Emissions, Relative NH 3 Contributions (%)

Finally, Figure 5.6-18 through Figure 5.6-22 illustrate how PM 2.5 emissions under episodic wintertime conditions are spatia lly distributed across the non-a ttainment area and immediately surrounding region. In each figure, the density or amount of emissions within each 1.3 km grid cell is depicted using color shaded intervals s hown on the legend of each plot. Dark green cells represent regions of lit tle or no emissions, ramping up throug h yellow and orange to red, whichAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-35 identifies cells with the highest PM 2.5 emissions. The emission units used are pounds (lb) per day and represent averaged values across all 35 modeling episode days.

First, Figure 5.6-18 presents the spatial emissions distribution fo r all inventory sources within each grid cell. Figure 5.6-19 through Figure 5.6- 22 then show individual distributions for each source sector (using some a ggregation of earlier tabulati ons and plots) as follows:

 Figure 5.6-19 – Space Heating sources;

 Figure 5.6-20 – Point sources;

 Figure 5.6-21 – On-Road Mobile sources; and

 Figure 5.6-22 – Other Area and Non-Road mobile sources.

The same color-shaded emission density interval s are used across both the “all sources” and individual source sector plots to visually identify both the ar eas where modeled emissions are highest as well as indicate which source sector(s) contribute to tota l emissions in those grid cells.

Figure 5.6-18. 2008 Baseline Gridded PM 2.5 Emissions, All SourcesAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-36 Figure 5.6-19. 2008 Baseline Gridded PM 2.5 Emissions, Space Heating SourcesAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-37 Figure 5.6-20. 2008 Baseline Gridded PM 2.5 Emissions, Point SourcesAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-38 Figure 5.6-21. 2008 Baseline Gridded PM 2.5 Emissions, On-Road SourcesAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-39 Figure 5.6-22. 2008 Baseline Gridded PM 2.5 Emissions, Other Area and Non-Road Sources



### 5.6.2.2	Base	Year	Planning	Inventories

In addition to the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory used to support the atta inment analysis, two 2008 base year emission inventorie s were developed as listed ear lier in Table 5.6-1 to satisfy EPA regulatory and CAA requirements: (1) a st atewide annual invent ory to satisfy EPA regulations; and (2) a no n-attainment area inventory to meet CAA 172(c)(3) requirements. Each of these planning inventories is described separately below.

2008 Statewide Base Year Planning Inventory – The statewide Base Year inventory compiled to satisfy EPA regulations was developed simply from EPA’s 2008 National Emissions Inventory (NEI). The NEI is a comprehensive nationwid e inventory compiled by EPA at the state and county level based on emissions data and source activity inputs provided every three years by state, local, and tribal agencies that is reviewed and suppl emented with EPA’s own estimates for specific source categories (e.g., on-road mobile sources).Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-40 As required under EPA regulations, the statewide Base Year inventory represents emissions on an annual (tons per year) basis, representing bot h summer and winter activity and emissions, and contains estimates of actual (rather than perm itted or PTE) emissions from stationary point

sources.

Table 5.6-9 presents Alaska statewide annual emi ssions for all criteria pollutants based on EPA’s

2008 NEI Version 3 24 inventory. The estimates in Table 5.6- 9 were developed by culling records

for Alaska emission sources from the “All Sector ” National-County aggregated sector database

downloaded from the 2008 NEI website. 25

These NEI emissions were compiled by EPA by Em ission Inventory Sector (EIS) as shown in Table 5.6-9. The data are summarized by EIS to provide a more detailed breakdown of emissions by each of the nearly 50 sector categor ies and to avoid confusion with subsequent inventory estimates presented for the Fairbanks PM 2.5 non-attainment area that are summarized in the traditional “Point, Area (N onpoint), Onroad, Nonroad” source type basis. In the 2008 NEI (and subsequent NEI inventories), EPA relocated emissions from aircraft takeoff/landing operation, airport Ground Support Equipment (GSE ) and Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) activity, and rail yard locomotive emissions from the Non- Road sector to the Sta tionary Point sector. Thus, the NEI-based statewide 2008 Base Year i nventory is summarized by EIS category rather than the traditional data category groups.

24 Version 3 version of the 2008 NEI was released in March 2013 and included updated estimates of on-road mobile source emissions using EP A’s latest (at the time) MOVES2010b vehicle

emissions model.

25 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chie f/net/2008inventory.html

.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-41 Table 5.6-9 2008 Base Year Alaska Statewide Annual Emissions Inventory

Annual Emissions (tons/year) Emission Inventory Sector (EIS) VOC CO NO
x SO 2 PM 10 PM 2.5 NH 3 Agriculture - Crops & Livestock Dust 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bulk Gasoline Terminals 25 4 2 0 0 0 0 Commercial Cooking 25 65 0 0 175 175 0
Dust - Construction Dust 0 0 0 0 7,954 795 0
Dust - Paved Road Dust 0 0 0 0 1,950 487 0 Dust - Unpaved Road Dust 0 0 0 0 84, 484 8,401 0 Fires – Wildfires 2,159 46,498 899 247 4,499 4,149 209

Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Coal 2 185 510 253 7 4 0

Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Natural Gas 2 35 42 1 3 3 0

Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Oil 10 84 322 122 15 13 0

Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Other 16 305 39 3 1 1 0
Fuel Comb - Electric Generation - Coal 91 1,583 1,437 990 116 101 164
Fuel Comb - Electric Generation - Natural Gas 401 2,542 9,996 134 278 278 5
Fuel Comb - Electric Generation - Oil 404 1,925 14,459 1,499 308 290 0

Fuel Comb - Electric Generation - Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Coal 14 616 676 733 14 9 0
Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Natural Gas 512 8,841 36,959 921 1,059 1,054 0
Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Oil 108 1,020 4,023 392 210 204 0
Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Other 1 2 5 2 3 3 0

Fuel Comb - Residential - Natural Gas 57 412 969 6 5 4 206
Fuel Comb - Residential – Oil 32 231 831 1,966 110 98 46
Fuel Comb - Residential – Other 226 6,157 268 215 140 86 45
Fuel Comb - Residential – Wood 1,112 6,186 94 17 899 898 51
Gas Stations 2,979 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial Processes - Chemical Manuf 0 1 34 0 0 0 7 Industrial Processes – Mining 0 0 0 0 5,265 673 0

Industrial Processes – NEC 40 20 35 19 621 274 0

Industrial Processes - Non-ferrous Metals 0 0 3 2 1 1 0
Industrial Processes - Oil & Gas Production 721 2,678 1,499 151 190 181 1

Industrial Processes - Petroleum Refineries 989 251 683 90 90 70 1 Industrial Processes - Storage and Transfer 1,306 0 0 0 19 16 0

Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC 857 0 1 0 0 0 0
Mobile – Aircraft 950 10,644 3,020 296 172 70 0
Mobile - Commercial Marine Vessels 609 3,943 24,370 5,180 1,179 1,114 11
Mobile – Locomotives 73 203 1,730 15 42 41 0 Mobile - Non-Road Equipment - Diesel 290 2,752 2,583 361 214 207 2 Mobile - Non-Road Equipment - Gasoline 18,639 65,641 731 15 491 452 5 Mobile - Non-Road Equipment - Other 40 913 187 8 11 11 0 Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy Duty Vehicles 453 1,923 7,516 207 695 651 13 Mobile - On-Road Diesel Light Duty Vehicles 19 72 125 5 16 15 1 Mobile - On-Road Gasoline Heavy Duty Vehicles 325 7,662 542 14 34 28 7 Mobile - On-Road Gasoline Light Duty Vehicles 5,943 108,088 7,513 265 612 500 209
Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use 2,915 0 0 0 0 0 0 Solvent - Dry Cleaning 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

Solvent - Non-Industri al Surface Coating 1,03 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Waste Disposal 382 4,899 426 104 1,023 935 20
TOTALS 43,902 286,381 122,530 14,234 112,905 22,295 1,003Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-42 2008 Non-Attainment Area Base Ye ar Planning Inventory – 2008 Ba se Year emission estimates were also compiled for the Fairbanks PM 2.5 Non-Attainment Area (s hown earlier in Figure 5.6- 1). These Fairbanks Non-Attainment Area ( NA Area) planning invent ory emissions were developed on both an annual average daily and a winter season average daily basis to address CAA 172(c)(3) requirements.

Two different approaches, summarized below, were considered in developing these NA Area Base Year planning emissions estimates.

1. NEI-Based – Spatial scaling of 2008 NEI emissions for the Fairbanks North Star Borough to the smaller NA Area and temporal scaling of annual NEI estimates to winter season average daily estimates.

2. Modeling Inventory-Based – Use of detailed “bottom-up” based emission estimates compiled by grid cell for both the entire m odeling domain and the portion within the NA Area and temporal scaling of episodic dail y emissions to annual and winter season average daily estimates.

The latter approach was determined to be the be st alternative, utilizing detailed estimates of individual source category emissi ons based on locally collected act ivity data (and emission factor data for key source types) used to support the more rigorously develope d modeling inventories, despite sacrificing potential consistency with the NEI. 26

Table 5.6-10 presents estimates of 2008 Base Year NA Area annual and winter season average daily emissions (in tons/day) tabulated using the traditional “Point, Area, Onroad, Nonroad” source types. Within selected source types (A rea and Onroad), emissions are further broken out into key source groups based on similar stratificat ions used in summarizing modeling inventory

emissions. As noted in the first row of Tabl e 5.6-10, PTE, rather than actual emissions are presented for the NA Area inventory in accordance with CAA 172(c)(3) requirements.

The annual average daily emissions shown in Table 5.6-10 were roughly estimated based on temporal scaling factors used to ratio average daily episodic emissions from the modeling inventory. The winter season av erage daily emissions for the NA Area planning inventory were simply estimated as equal to average daily ep isodic emissions. For emission sources whose activity or emission factors are dependent on ambi ent temperature, these simplistic estimates of winter season average daily emissions would actua lly be lower than those listed in the rightmost

columns of Table 5.6-10.

26 In developing the NEI, EPA has not fully acco unted for Alaska-speci fic conditions. Although the NEI itself includes data submitted by Alaska St ate, local, and tribal air agencies, it often

utilizes emission factors for so me source categories based on Lower-48 conditions. Moreover, ancillary inventory spatial/tempor al allocation databases either do not extend to Alaska or are not adequately representative of strong seasonal so urce activity variations (e.g., space heating) resulting from harsh Arctic wint ers. The purpose of this foot note is not to criticize EPA’s efforts, but to clarify the underl ying rationale for utilizing loca lly developed emission estimates.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-43 Table 5.6-10

2008 Non-Attainment Area Base Year Planning Emissions Inventory

Source Type/Category Annual Average Day (tons/day) Winter Season Average Day (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (PTE) 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001 Area, Space Heating 1.481 2. 351 1.322 5.901 0.073 2.7 56 3.865 2.182 11.058 0.136 Area, Space Heat, Wood 1.427 0. 051 0.226 5.824 0.053 2.6 56 0.084 0.373 10.914 0.098 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.030 2. 262 0.980 0.047 0.002 0.0 56 3.719 1.617 0.088 0.003 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.023 0.038 0.117 0. 030 0.019 0.043 0.0 62 0.192 0.056 0.035 Area, Other 22.499 0.000 3.645 13.354 0.000 0.061 0.000 0.002 0.569 0.000

On-Road 0.772 0.070 4.966 8.212 0.072 0.676 0.046 4.625 5.725 0.071 On-Road, Running Exh 0.496 0.062 3.823 1.098 0.072 0.435 0.040 3.561 0.765 0.071 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.276 0.009 1.143 7.019 0.000 0.242 0.006 1.064 4.894 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.095 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.019 0.073 1.112 0.270 0.003 0.027 0.077 1.088 0.451 0.003

TOTALS 26.364 25.468 38.438 28.563 0. 148 5.115 26.961 35.290 18.628 0.210

a Actual nonattainment area ammonia emissions for point sources were estimated as 0.00008 tons/average day (0.03 tons/year) as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.

Table 5.6-11 lists the scaling factors that were developed and applied by pollutant within each source type/group to generate the estimates of annual average daily emissions shown in Table 5.6-10 by applying these factors to average daily episodic emissi on estimates from the modeling inventory. For Space Heating Area sources, th e scaling factors were developed based on comparisons of winter, summer, and annual average Fairbanks space heating emissions generated for Fairbanks under th e aforementioned Big 3 inventor y study, coupled with a Heating Degree Day (HDD) adjustment to account fo r differences between temperature under the modeling episodes versus the six-month (Oct-Mar) winter season estimates from the Big 3 study. The On-Road Mobile scaling factors were similarl y developed from earlier Big 3 estimates, but without the HDD adjustment. For the Other Area and Non-Road Mobile sectors, the scaling factors were calculated directly from winter and annual emissi on estimates generated for those

sectors.

Table 5.6-11 Temporal Scaling Factors for Non-Attain ment Area Annual Planning Emissions

Source Type/Group Episodic/Annual Scaling Factors

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO X VOC NH 3 Point N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Area, Space Heating 1.862 1.644 1.650 1.874 1.857 Area, Other 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.043 0.000 Mobile, On-Road 0.876 0.655 0.931 0.697 0.994 Mobile, Non-Road 1.456 1.046 0.979 1.669 1.022
N/A – Not applicable.

Based on the manner in which they were calculated, the scaling factors repr esent ratios of winter episodic-to-annual emissions. Thus, annual emi ssions in Table 5.6-10 were calculated from episodic emissions by dividing by the scaling fa ctors in Table 5.6-11. (For example, annualAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-44 average daily space heating emissions for PM 2.5 were estimated as 2.756 ÷ 1.862 = 1.481 tons/day.)



### 5.6.3. 2015 AND 

### 2019 P ROJECTED 

### B ASELINE 

### I NVENTORIES

Emission inventories for the two future years ex amined in this SIP—2015 (the Moderate Area attainment target year) and 2019 (the year in which attainment is projected to occur)—were developed in two stages. The first stage, referred to as the Project Baseline inventories, consists of forecasting emissions from the baseline year (2008) into future years (2015 and 2019) based only on the effects of projected de mographic/economic trends and al ready adopted federal, State,

and local control measures that existed prior to the development of this SIP. (The second and final stage, referred to as Cont rol inventories, incorporates incremental emission reductions from control programs and measures adopted under this SIP and are discussed in the following subsection.)



### 5.6.3.1	Emissions	Projection	Methodology

Growth Factors – Levels of projected source activity growth can vary depending upon the type of source category. A series of potential growth factor s were assembled from several sources for use in forecasting the activity component of 2008 baseline emissions forward to 2015 and 2019. Table 5.6-12 below summarizes the growth rates applied to project activ ity by source sector and the sources or assumptions upon which they were based.

Table 5.6-12 Summary of Growth Rates Applied in Projected Baseline Inventories

Source Type/Group Annualized

Growth Rate (% per year) Growth Rate Source/Assumptions

Point, Actual Zero Assumed held constant at 2008 levels due to uncertainty of activity growth and fuel switching for specific facilities

Point, PTE Zero DEC Permit files, generally reflecting no significant changes in permitted emission limits from 2008 through 2014

Area, Space Heating 1.2% average

over domain Projected household growth rates (2010-2030) by Census block group developed by the FNSB Community Planning Department, annualized growth rates ranged from 0.3% to 3.5%

Area, Other 1.0% Projected 2010-2030 population growth rate for FNSB developed by the FNSB Comm unity Planning Department

Mobile, On-Road 1.1% Developed from FMATS 2010 and 2035 travel model outputs supporting the 2012-2015 TIP

Mobile, Non-Road Equip. Ranged from

-0.4% to

+1.6% County-level long-term populati on projections developed by the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development for each of four counties in Grid 3 modeling domain

Mobile, Aircraft & Rail Zero Assumed held constant at 2008 levels, based on discussions with local rail and airport personnelAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-45 Existing Controls – Effects of emission controls from adopted control programs (that reduce unit emission factors for specific source categories in future years) were also accounted for in the projected baseline inventories. These adopted control programs and how they were modeled are

listed below:

 On-Road Vehicles – Effects of federal Motor Vehi cle Control Program and Diesel Emission Reduction Programs and fuel standard s, coupled with Alaska Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) phase in were accounte d for within EPA’s MOVES2010a model.

 Non-Road Vehicles and Equipment – Effect of federal fuel and Alaska ULSD programs

for non-road fuel were modeled us ing EPA’s NONROAD2008a model.

 Open Burning – The Projected Baseline (and Baseline) inventories incorporated effects from Borough and State measures that ban open burning during the winter season.

 Space Heating and Solid Fuel Heating Programs – Effects of the Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC) Home Energy Rebate and Weatherization programs were assumed to be implicitly accounted for through use of recently-collected residential home heating surveys. In other wo rds, the mix of devices and us age rates obtained from these surveys were assumed to account for histor ical effects of device replacements and weatherization efficiency improvements from the AHFC programs. (An analysis of AHFC program data collected from program inception in 2008 through 2011 27 found very modest emission reduction benefits from four years of accumulated participation in the program based on these data. As a re sult, projected additional benefits beyond 2011

were excluded from the 2015 and 2019 Projected Baseline inventories.)

Other Adjustments – In addition to the effects of these adopted controls, an activity reduction factor was applied for wood-burning devices with in the space heating se ctor in projecting 2008

baseline emissions forward to 2015 and 2019. Th is factor accounts for a trend toward lower average wood moisture content (which reduces wood use and per unit emissions) measured in multiple local home heating telephone surveys towa rd greater use of ow ner-cut, rather than commercially purchased, wood. From local moisture measurement studies, owner-cut wood was found to be significantly drier on average than commercially purchased wood because of longer drying times and more effective storage practices.

Table 5.6-13 shows the splits between the “Cut Own” and “Buy” wood source groups, their estimated average moisture levels, and how the sh ift toward greater use of owner-cut wood after 2008 affected composite moisture content and wood-burning emissions. Wood moisture was estimated to be much higher (64.2%) for commer cially purchased wood compared to owner-cut and dried wood (26.6% as shown in in the Mois ture Content column of Table 5.6-13).

27 Email from Nathan Wiltse, CCHRC to Bob Dulla, Sierra Research, February 13, 2012.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-46 Table 5.6-13 Wood Source Shift Adjustment Effects on Projected Baseline Emissions

Wood Source Group Moisture Content (%) * 2008 Baseline Usage

Mix 2015 and Later Usage Mix (from multiple 2013 surveys) Buy 64.2% 35.0% 26.2%

Cut Own 26.6% 65.0% 73.8% Composite Avg. Moisture Level: 39.7% 36.4% Relative Reduction in Wood Energy Use & Emissions: 2.4% * Moisture content on a dry basis.

From surveys conducted between 2007 and 2013, a sh ift has been observed in greater use of owner cut wood (73.8% from multiple 2013 survey s vs. 65.0% in 2008). The effects of this overall reduction in average mo isture content (from 39.7% to 36.4 %) was calculated to result in a 2.4% reduction in wood use (and emissions) due to the fact that drier wood loses less latent heat, supplying greater effective heating energy. Because the shift to a hi gher fraction of ownercut wood was observed in multiple 2013 surveys (the Wood Tag and Purchase surveys), this 2.4% moisture-driven wood usage reduction was applied in calculating wood-burning device emissions in the 2015 and 2019 projected baseline i nventories. The State plans to continue performing periodic surveys going forward to confirm the permanence of this shift.

A second adjustment factor was also applied for wood-burning devices in the space heating

sector to account for “natural” turnover of older uncertified wood stoves and fireplace inserts

over time based on clear trends observed from the residential home heating surveys that preceded the Borough’s Wood Stove Change Out (WSCO) program, which began in mid-2010.

In 1988, EPA adopted 28 New Source Performance Standard s (NSPS) for new residential woodburning heaters (stoves and fire place inserts) under 40 CFR §60.530- 539b that require devices to

meet EPA-certified PM 2.5 emission standards of 7.5 grams/hour (g/hr) for non-catalytic devices and 4.1 g/hr for catalytic devices . Over time, older uncertified wood heating devices are being replaced as homeowners purchase new wood heaters. 29

Figure 5.6-23 shows the downward trend or natu ral turnover in the fr action of indoor wood heaters (stoves and inserts) that are uncertifi ed. The data points shown for calendar years 2006 through 2012 represent uncertified device fractions calculated fr om annual residential Home Heating (HH) surveys. The black line is an ex ponential “best fit” curve of these data. The dashed red line represented an extension of this fitted curve out to 2019. (The data in Figure 5.6- 23 have not been adjusted to account for the e ffect of currently sold exempted devices. However, as explained in Appendix III.D.5.6, thes e exempted devices are accounted for in the inventory.)

28 Federal Register, Volume 53, pg. 5873, February 26, 1988.

29 Not all indoor wood burning devices currently sold are EPA-certified. The 1988 (and 1998 amended) NSPS contains language that exempts certain wood-burni ng devices. As described in Appendix III.D.5.6, special survey data were collected to account for the fraction of the exempted wood devices that are still curre ntly sold.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-47 Figure 5.6-23. Fairbanks Home Heating Survey-Based Trend in Uncertified Wood

Stoves/Inserts

The adjustment factor for natura l turnover of uncertified wood stove s/insert was calculated based on the declining percentage of these devices over time as shown in Figure 5.6-23. Since the EPA-certified non-catalytic and catalytic stoves are projected to represent an in creasing fraction

of wood stoves/inserts over time and have lo wer emission factors than uncertified devices, average wood stove/insert emissions are projecte d to decrease over time due to this natural turnover. Appendix III.D.5.6 contai ns these detailed calculations.



### 5.6.3.2	Projected	Baseline	Inventory	Summaries

Using the projected activity gr owth factors (and wood usage ad justment) and emission factors representing future effects of adopted mobile source control programs as summarized in the preceding sub-section, project baseline i nventories were developed for 2015 and 2019.

Table 5.6-14 and Table 5.6-15 present summar ies of the 2015 Projected Baseline modeling inventory with actual and PTE emissions from point sources, respectively. Even though emissions were generated at the SCC level by modeling episode day and hour, emissions are

shown in the same tabulated source sector and daily average structure as the earlier 2008 Baseline inventory. y = 1.6957E+121e

‐ 1.3945E

‐ 01x

R2 = 9.3679E

‐ 01

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019UncertifiedWoodStove/InsertFraction

Calendar Year HH Surveys

Projected Trend

Curve FitAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-48 Table 5.6-14 2015 Projected Baseline Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector,

Actual Point Source Emissions

Source Sector Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (Actual) 1.423 8.380 13.395 0.096 <0.001 a 1.412 8.167 13.285 0.096 <0.001 a Area, Space Heating 3.173 4.768 2.639 11. 695 0.152 2.834 4.303 2.409 10.520 0.139 Area, Space Heat, Wood 3.048 0.104 0.466 1 1.515 0.111 2.723 0.093 0.414 10.359 0.099 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.070 4.587 1.974 0 .109 0.004 0.063 4.1 43 1.800 0.098 0.003 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.055 0.076 0.20 0 0.071 0.037 0.048 0.0 68 0.195 0.062 0.036 Area, Other 0.067 0.000 0.003 0.735 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.002 0.604 0.000

On-Road 0.552 0.022 3.127 4.424 0.063 0.461 0.017 2.503 3.405 0.051 On-Road, Running Exh 0.351 0.019 2.157 0.425 0.063 0.303 0.015 1.776 0.346 0.051 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.201 0.003 0.970 3.912 0.000 0.158 0.002 0.726 2.993 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.197 0.158 2.154 9.401 0.006 0.025 0.082 1.062 0.403 0.003

TOTALS 5.413 13.327 21.318 26.351 0. 221 4.796 12.569 19.261 15.027 0.193

a Actual NH 3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.

Table 5.6-15 2015 Projected Baseline Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector,

PTE Point Source Emissions

Source Sector Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (Allowable, PTE) 2.773 26.612 29.609 0.845 <0.001 a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001 a Area, Space Heating 3.173 4.768 2.639 11. 695 0.152 2.834 4.303 2.409 10.520 0.139 Area, Space Heat, Wood 3.048 0.104 0.466 1 1.515 0.111 2.723 0.093 0.414 10.359 0.099 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.070 4.587 1.974 0 .109 0.004 0.063 4.1 43 1.800 0.098 0.003 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.055 0.076 0.20 0 0.071 0.037 0.048 0.0 68 0.195 0.062 0.036 Area, Other 0.067 0.000 0.003 0.735 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.002 0.604 0.000

On-Road 0.552 0.022 3.127 4.424 0.063 0.461 0.017 2.503 3.405 0.051 On-Road, Running Exh 0.351 0.019 2.157 0.425 0.063 0.303 0.015 1.776 0.346 0.051 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.201 0.003 0.970 3.912 0.000 0.158 0.002 0.726 2.993 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.197 0.158 2.154 9.401 0.006 0.025 0.082 1.062 0.403 0.003

TOTALS 6.763 31.559 37.532 27.100 0. 221 4.979 27.376 33.369 15.758 0.193

a Actual NH 3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.

Comparing emissions between these tables and t hose for the 2008 Baseline presented earlier in Section 5.6.2, PM 2.5 emissions decrease by roughly 3% ove r the Grid 3 modeling domain due to

the trends of lower wood moisture and reduced fractions of uncertified wood stoves/inserts factored into the projected ba seline (coupled with demogra phic/economic growth factors).Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-49 Similar tabulations for the 2019 Projected Baselin e inventory are presented in Table 5.6-16 and

Table 5.6-17.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-50 Table 5.6-16 2019 Projected Baseline Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector,

Actual Point Source Emissions

Source Sector Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (Actual) 1.423 8.380 13.395 0.096 <0.001 a 1.412 8.167 13.285 0.096 <0.001 a Area, Space Heating 3.284 5.021 2.774 11. 843 0.156 2.937 4.537 2.535 10.674 0.143 Area, Space Heat, Wood 3.153 0.110 0.492 1 1.654 0.115 2.821 0.098 0.438 10.506 0.103 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.073 4.832 2.081 0 .115 0.004 0.066 4.3 69 1.900 0.103 0.004 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.058 0.079 0.20 1 0.075 0.038 0.050 0.0 70 0.197 0.065 0.037 Area, Other 0.071 0.000 0.003 0.773 0.000 0.068 0.000 0.002 0.634 0.000

On-Road 0.485 0.021 2.350 2.934 0.058 0.406 0.017 1.872 2.258 0.048 On-Road, Running Exh 0.318 0.018 1.514 0.313 0.058 0.275 0.015 1.246 0.255 0.048 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.167 0.003 0.837 2.533 0.000 0.131 0.002 0.626 1.937 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.172 0.172 2.278 7.712 0.006 0.024 0.090 1.094 0.405 0.003

TOTALS 5.435 13.594 20.800 23.358 0. 221 4.846 12.810 18.788 14.067 0.194

a Actual NH 3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.

Table 5.6-17 2019 Projected Baseline Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector,

PTE Point Source Emissions

Source Sector Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (PTE) 2.773 26.612 29.609 0.845 <0.001 a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001 a Area, Space Heating 3.284 5.021 2.774 11. 843 0.156 2.937 4.537 2.535 10.674 0.143 Area, Space Heat, Wood 3.153 0.110 0.492 1 1.654 0.115 2.821 0.098 0.438 10.506 0.103 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.073 4.832 2.081 0 .115 0.004 0.066 4.3 69 1.900 0.103 0.004 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.058 0.079 0.20 1 0.075 0.038 0.050 0.0 70 0.197 0.065 0.037 Area, Other 0.071 0.000 0.003 0.773 0.000 0.068 0.000 0.002 0.634 0.000

On-Road 0.485 0.021 2.350 2.934 0.058 0.406 0.017 1.872 2.258 0.048 On-Road, Running Exh 0.318 0.018 1.514 0.313 0.058 0.275 0.015 1.246 0.255 0.048 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.167 0.003 0.837 2.533 0.000 0.131 0.002 0.626 1.937 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.172 0.172 2.278 7.712 0.006 0.024 0.090 1.094 0.405 0.003

TOTALS 6.784 31.826 37.014 24.106 0. 221 5.029 27.617 32.896 14.797 0.194

a Actual NH 3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.



### 5.6.4. 2015	and	2019	Control	Inventories

The second and final stage of estimating emission s in the two future y ears examined under this SIP (2015 and 2019) consisted of ap plying adjustments to the Proj ected Baseline inventories to

reflect additional incremental eff ects of State and local control measures not included in thoseAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-51 baselines. These final future year inventor ies are called the Contro l inventories and are discussed separately below.



### 5.6.4.1	2015	Control	Modeling	Inventory

Within this SIP, a Control inventory was prep ared for 2015, the required attainment year, and used to support the attain ment modeling analysis to find that ei ther (1) attainment is projected to occur by 2015; or (2) attainment by 2015 is impr acticable as discussed earlier in Section 5.6.1.

The control measures accounted for in this 2015 C ontrol inventory (and that were not included in the Projected Baseline inventor y) are summarized below.

Hydronic Heater Retrofit Progr am (ARA OHH Retrofits) – The Alaska Resource Agency (ARA) secured funding to identify and retrofit 40 outdoor hydronic heaters 30 (OHHs) with ClearStak or similar pollution control devices (PCDs). The retrofits were performed in late 2011 and 2012.

The effects of these retrofits we re not captured in the early 2011 Fairbanks Home Heating survey

that was used to estimate the mix and number of devices in the SIP i nventory and thus were treated as a control program with “fix ed” benefits from those retrofits.

ARA estimated these retrofits provide an 80-90% reduction in particulate emissions based on testing conducted under a NESCAUM study. Ba sed on visual observations/follow-up by Fairbanks Borough staff after retrofits were inst alled, a “real world” emission reduction of 30% per retrofit was assumed that accounte d for imperfect compliance and use.

PM 2.5 emission reductions from these devices were estimated to be 0.2% of projected baseline space heating emissions and roughly 0.1% of total emissions in the non-attainment area. (No benefits were assumed for gaseous pollutants.)

FNSB Wood Stove Change Out Program (WSC O Program) – Beginning in June 2010, the
Fairbanks Borough has operated a program within the non-attainment area designed to provide
incentives for the replacement of older, highe r-polluting residential w ood-burning devices with
new cleaner devices, or remova l of the old devices.

30 Also called outdoor wood boilers (OWBs).Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-52 Table 5.6-18 presents a historical summary of how the WSCO program wa s originally designed and how it has been modified over time since it began.

As summarized inAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-53 Table 5.6-18, the design of the WSCO program ha s evolved over time, but these changes have generally consisted of both incr easing the financial incentives as well as expanding the types of solid fuel burning appliances (SFB As) or devices that are eligible to participate in the program.

Emission control benefits were calculated for th e program based on transaction data collected by the Borough since its inception, through mid- August 2014. (Data for th e partial 2014 calendar year were extrapolated to th e end of 2014 based on the expected number of applications projected by the Borough to be completed and change outs validated by the end of the year.)Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-54 Table 5.6-18 Fairbanks Borough Wood Stove Change Out Program Historical Summary

Program Old Appliance Type New Appliance Type Allowed Payout

JUNE 2010 – Original program. Limited to PM 2.5 non-attainment area. Participants in the removal program signed deed restriction in which they agree they would not install another solid fuel burning appliance for 10 years. Removal OHH (Outdoor Hydronic Heater) No solid fuel burning appliances $7,500 cash Removal IHH (Indoor Hydronic Heater) No solid fuel burning appliances $4,000 cash Removal Other SFBA No solid fuel burning appliances $3,000 cash

Replacement HH (outdoor or indoor) – non

EPA Phase II EPA Phase II, EPA cert SFBA or any pellet Up to $2,500

Replacement Other SFBA – non EPA cert EPA cert SFBA or any pellet Up to $2,500 Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750

Repair Other Emissions Reducing Component n/a Up to $750

Repair Chimney Repair n/a Up to $750 Repair Retrofit Device n/a Up to $1,000

JANUARY 2013 – In October 2012, Citizens’ Initiative Prop 3 passed (The borough shall not, in any way, regulate, prohibit, curtail, nor issue fines or fees asso ciated with sale, distribution, or operation of heating appliances or any combustible fuel. ) Program suspended Dec. 2012 while it was modified. Opened to all Borough properties. Devices ≤ 2.5 grams/hr eligible for higher payout. Replacement devices must be EPA certified.

Replacement HH (outdoor or indoor) EP A cert SFBA or pe llet Up to $2,500

Replacement Other SFBA – non EPA cert EPA cert SFBA or pellet 75% of cost up to $2,500/$3,000** Removal Remove HH w/out replacement $2,000

Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750

Repair Other Emissions Reducing Component n/a Up to $750

Repair Chimney Repair n/a Up to $750 Repair Retrofit Device Up to $1,000 ENHANCED PROGRAM (May – Sept 2013) – Completely different program (operated in conjunction with the regular program), limited to 3 specific areas in the non-at tainment area. Also, allowe d for replacing EPA-certified

SFBAs with emission rate ≤ 2.0 grams/hr (overall emissions reduction must be at least 50%).

Replacement OHH EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $10,000

Replacement Other SFBA EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

Replacement Fireplace EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

MARCH 2014 (Current Program) – Changed to limit to properties in non-attainment area, and includes $300 fuel voucher for pellets or compressed logs. Now allows for replacing EPA-certified SFBAs w/emissions of 2.5 grams/hr and greater (and requiring an emi ssion reduction of at least 50%), and fireplaces.

Replacement OHH EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $10,000

Replacement Other SFBA EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

Replacement Fireplace EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

Removal Remove HH w/out replacement n/a $2,000 Removal Remove SFBA w/o replacement n/a $1,000

Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750

Repair Other Emissions Reducing Component n/a Up to $750

Source: Fairbanks North Star Borough. SFBA – Solid Fuel Burning Appliance.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-55 For devices that were replaced, emission reducti ons were calculated by replacing the emission factor for each device type (f ireplace, insert, wood stove, OHH/ OWB, coal stove) with an emission factor (in lb/ton of fuel) equivalent to the emission rate cutpoints (in grams/hour) based

on emission factor vs. emission rate correlations developed fro m certification data published by

EPA 31 for over 1,000 wood-burning devices. For devi ces that were removed, it was assumed that the heating energy from the removed device would be replaced with equivalent energy from an oil furnace or boiler (and accounting for the he ating efficiency differences between the two devices). No emission reductions were assumed fo r repaired devices given the uncertainty of the type of repair performed and its effect on emissions. Appendix III.D.5.6 describes these calculations in greater detail.

Emission benefits from the WSCO program fo r the 2015 Control inventory were based on the accumulation of change outs from the start of the program through the end of 2014 (extrapolating the partial 2014 data as described above). In at tainment modeling, eligible control measure benefits are those that exist at the begi nning of the modeling year. Thus, in this case, WSCO program benefits accumulated through the end of 2014 (not 2015) were used to model attainment in calendar year 2015. A tabulati on of the cumulative year-to-year completed transactions in the WSCO is presented below in Table 5.6-19. Within each year, transactions are broken down by operation type (Replacem ent or Removal) and device type.

Table 5.6-19 Fairbanks Borough Wood Stove Change Out Program Cumulative Transactions

Program Operation Device Type (end 2010) (end 2011) (end 2012) (end 2013) (end 2014)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Replacement Fireplace 0 0 0 0 74 Replacement Stove/Insert 103 246 698 899 1,257 Replacement OHH 1 3 5 22 43 Replacement Coal Stove 0 0 1 3 10

Removal Stove/Insert 10 44 184 190 194

Removal OHH 8 32 68 70 74

Removal Coal Stove 0 0 4 5 5 Replacements, Total 104 249 704 924 1,384 Removals, Total 18 76 256 265 273 Change-Outs, Total 122 325 960 1,189 1,657

Emission benefits from the WSCO program in 2015 were estimated to provide a 13.7% reduction in space heating PM 2.5 emissions in the non-attainment area relative to the projected baseline. Reductions for gaseous pollutants (relative to projected baseline space heating emissions) were estimated as 0.8% for SO 2 , 1.4% for NO
x , 19.3% for VOC and 10.3% for NH 3

.

Measures Considered But not Modeled - In a ddition to the ARA and WSCO program benefits, further emission reductions may be achieved th rough emerging use of “energy logs” which are compressed, densified logs that have just be gun being manufactured locally in Fairbanks (by

31 http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/appliances.html

.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-56 Superior Pellet Fuels, LLC). Energy logs are made from local wood species and when produced, are denser and much drier that cut cordwood, a nd are potentially cleaner -burning than cordwood. Since the energy logs have just begun being sold in the local ma rket, there is not yet sufficient usage data available to support development of emission reduction estimates in the 2015 Control inventory.

2015 Control Inventory Summaries – Table 5.6-20 and Table 5.6-21 pr esent tabulated sector and geographic area summaries of the 2015 Control inventories based on actual and PTE point source emissions, respectively.

Table 5.6-20 2015 Control Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector,

Actual Point Source Emissions

Source Sector Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (Actual) 1.423 8.380 13.395 0.096 <0.001 a 1.412 8.167 13.285 0.096 <0.001 a Area, Space Heating 2.779 4.733 2.606 9 .642 0.138 2.440 4.2 68 2.376 8.467 0.125 Area, Space Heat, Wood 2.655 0.096 0.424 9 .463 0.097 2.330 0.0 84 0.373 8.308 0.085 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.070 4.562 1.983 0 .109 0.004 0.063 4.1 18 1.809 0.099 0.003 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.054 0.075 0.19 9 0.070 0.037 0.047 0.0 66 0.194 0.061 0.036 Area, Other 0.067 0.000 0.003 0.735 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.002 0.604 0.000

On-Road 0.552 0.022 3.127 4.424 0.063 0.461 0.017 2.503 3.405 0.051 On-Road, Running Exh 0.351 0.019 2.157 0.425 0.063 0.303 0.015 1.776 0.346 0.051 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.201 0.003 0.970 3.912 0.000 0.158 0.002 0.726 2.993 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.197 0.158 2.154 9.401 0.006 0.025 0.082 1.062 0.403 0.003

TOTALS 5.020 13.292 21.285 24.298 0. 207 4.402 12.534 19.228 12.974 0.179

a Actual NH 3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.

Table 5.6-21 2015 Control Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector,

PTE Point Source Emissions

Source Sector Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (PTE) 2.773 26.612 29.609 0.845 <0.001 a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001 a Area, Space Heating 2.779 4.733 2.606 9 .642 0.138 2.440 4.2 68 2.376 8.467 0.125 Area, Space Heat, Wood 2.655 0.096 0.424 9 .463 0.097 2.330 0.0 84 0.373 8.308 0.085 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.070 4.562 1.983 0 .109 0.004 0.063 4.1 18 1.809 0.099 0.003 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.054 0.075 0.19 9 0.070 0.037 0.047 0.0 66 0.194 0.061 0.036 Area, Other 0.067 0.000 0.003 0.735 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.002 0.604 0.000

On-Road 0.552 0.022 3.127 4.424 0.063 0.461 0.017 2.503 3.405 0.051 On-Road, Running Exh 0.351 0.019 2.157 0.425 0.063 0.303 0.015 1.776 0.346 0.051 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.201 0.003 0.970 3.912 0.000 0.158 0.002 0.726 2.993 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.197 0.158 2.154 9.401 0.006 0.025 0.082 1.062 0.403 0.003

TOTALS 6.369 31.524 37.499 25.047 0. 207 4.585 27.341 33.336 13.705 0.179Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-57 a Actual NH 3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.

Comparing tabulated emissions between the 2015 Control (Table 5.6-20 and Table 5.6-21) and 2015 Projected Baseline inventories presented ea rlier in Section III.D.5.6.3 (Table 5.6-14 and Table 5.6-15), the emission reductions occur entirely within the Space Heating Area source sector, reflecting controls implemented to date (i.e., through the end of 2014).

Table 5.6-22 shows how the 2015 Control modeli ng inventory emissions (totaled across all source sectors) compare to the 2008 Baseline em issions based on PTE emissions for the point source sector. The comparison is presented as the percentage change in emissions relative to the

2008 Baseline and is based on PTE emissions fo r the point source sector. Thus negative percentages reflect emission reductions from the 2008 Baseline. Direct PM 2.5 emission reductions are highlighted in bold and just ex ceed 10% for the non-attainment area. Emission reductions for gaseous precursors NO
x , VOC and NH 3 are 5.5%, 26.4% and 14.9%, respectively

within the non-attainment area. Emissions of SO 2 increase slightly (by just over 1%) relative to

the 2008 Baseline due to the fact that heating energy from wo od-burning devices removed under the WSCO program was assumed to be made up for with additional heating oil burning devices, which have higher SO 2 emission factors that are roughly te n times higher than wood devices (on a lb. per unit energy basis).

Table 5.6-22 2015 Control Modeling Emissions Relative to 2008 Baseline (PTE Point Sources)

Geographic Area % Change in Emissions (Relative to 2008 Baseline)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO

x VOC NH 3 Grid 3 Modeling Domain -8.8% +1.3% -6.0% -25.5% -14.7%

PM 2.5 Non-Attainment Area -10.4% +1.4% -5.5% -26.4% -14.9%

Again, the reductions presented in Table 5.6-22 are reductions for all inventory sources. Thus,

the reductions noted earl ier in this sub-section at the end of the discussions of the ARA and WSCO program do not add up to the totals in Ta ble 5.6-22 since those reductions were relative to space heating emissions, not all emissions.

(Relative reductions are nominally higher than those shown if ba sed on actual, rather than PTE point source emissions since actual point source emissions are lower and the control reductions occur outside the point source sector.)



### 5.6.4.2	2015	Control	Planning	Inventory

Scaling similar to that descri bed earlier in Section III.D.0 was applied to the 2015 Control episodic modeling emissions using temporal scal ing factors listed in Table 5.6-11 to develop estimates of annual and winter season Planning emissions within the non-attainment area for the 2015 Control inventory. Table 5.6-23 summari zes these 2015 Control Planning inventory

estimates.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-58Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-59 Table 5.6-23

2015 Non-Attainment Area Control Planning Emissions Inventory

Source Type/Category Annual Average Day (tons/day) Winter Season Average Day (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (PTE) 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001 a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001 a Area, Space Heating 1.311 2. 596 1.440 4.518 0.067 2.4 40 4.268 2.376 8.467 0.125 Area, Space Heat, Wood 1.252 0. 051 0.226 4.433 0.046 2.3 30 0.084 0.373 8.308 0.085 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.034 2. 504 1.096 0.053 0.002 0.0 63 4.118 1.809 0.099 0.003 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.025 0.040 0.118 0. 032 0.019 0.047 0.0 66 0.194 0.061 0.036 Area, Other 23.863 0.000 3.992 14.176 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.002 0.604 0.000

On-Road 0.526 0.027 2.687 4.885 0.052 0.461 0.017 2.503 3.405 0.051 On-Road, Running Exh 0.346 0.023 1.907 0.497 0.052 0.303 0.015 1.776 0.346 0.051 On-Road, Start & Idle

Exh 0.180 0.003 0.780 4.294 0.000 0.158 0.002 0.726 2.993 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.095 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.017 0.078 1.085 0.242 0.003 0.025 0.082 1.062 0.403 0.003

TOTALS 27.312 25.674 36.596 24.647 0. 122 4.585 27.341 33.336 13.705 0.179

a Actual NH 3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.



### 5.6.4.3	2019	Potential	Control	Modeling	Inventory

As discussed earlier in Section III.D.5.6.1, deve lopment of a 2019 Control inventory was not a mandatory requirement for this SIP because of the finding (discussed in Section III.D.5.9) that

attainment of the PM 2.5 NAAQS by the required 2015 calenda r year was impracticable. A 2019 “Potential” Control inventory was developed to examine the potential for attainment by 2019.

Forecasts of Existing Programs – The first step in generating the 2019 Potential Control inventory consisted of forecasting the benefits from the two existing control measures, the ARA and WSCO programs. The ARA program was a “one-time” measure based on OHH retrofits performed in 2011-2012 that were not included in the projected baselines. Thus, its emission

benefits were assumed to be fixed or held constant in both 2015 and 2019 and, as summarized earlier in Section III.D.0, to provide a 0.2% reduction in space heating PM 2.5 emissions across

the non-attainment area.

Emission benefits from conti nuation of the Borough’s WSCO through 2019 were estimated by projecting additional annual change outs (either replacement of uncertified or higher-emitting

certified devices with cleaner de vices meeting a 2.5 gram/hour PM 2.5 standard, or removal of devices with their displaced heat ing energy replaced by heating fr om oil-fired units). Rather than simply assuming that annual WSCO program device replacements/removals would occur at their actual 2014 rate (or the av erage over the program’s fou r-year history), a decreasing exponential curve was applied to account for the fact that as fe wer and fewer uncertified devices exist over time, it will be harder to maintain existing annual participation levels or “throughput” in the program. This is depicted in Figure 5.6-24, which presents incremental annual change outs over time and shows the 2014 throughput as a constant horizontal bl ue line going forward and the assumed declining year-to-year trend shown below it in green. Calendar years shownAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-60 reflect the start of the year, i. e., calendar year 2015 refers to change outs through the end of

2014.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-61 Figure 5.6-24. Incremental Annual Change Ou ts, Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted

To ensure that this declining throughput forecas t properly accounted for the finite population of uncertified devices projected in the Borough in 2019 in the absence of the WSCO program, its

rate of decline was set such that the forecaste d number of uncertified wood stove and insert change outs in 2019 would approximately reach the “cap” of projected available population of

those uncertified devices in that year (after accounting for natu ral turnover occurring outside the program). This is shown in Figure 5.6-25, which displays cumulative change outs of uncertified

stoves and inserts over time and is seen where the green declining throughput forecast meets the projected uncertified stove/inse rt cap in 2019 (shown in red).

Figure 5.6-26 shows a similar plot of actual and forecasted cumulative annual WSCO program change outs for all uncertified devices. (All uncer tified devices were represented as the sum of uncertified stoves/inserts, unqualif ied outdoor hydronic heaters, fire places, and coal heaters.) When all uncertified devices are plotted, there is still a margin between the projected number of cumulative change outs and the cap for all uncertif ied devices targeted under the current design of the WSCO program.

Again, calendar years shown refer to conditions as of the start of each year—i.e., calendar year 2019 refers to cumulative change outs through the end of 2018.

Using these assumptions of declining future throughput, cumulative primary PM 2.5 emission reductions in 2019 from the WSCO program were estimated to be 25.4% of projected baseline emissions in that year. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Changeouts(replacements&removals)

Year 2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Forecasted ActualAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-62 Figure 5.6-25. Cumulative Annual Change Outs, Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted,

Uncertified Wood Stoves and Inserts

Figure 5.6-26. Cumulative Annual Change Outs , Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted, All

Uncertified Devices

In addition to accounting for further benefits fr om continuation of the WSCO programs, the 2019 Potential Control inventory incorporated reductions from three other measures described below. 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Changeouts(replacements&removals)

Year 2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Actual Forecasted Cap

‐ With Turnover

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Changeouts(replacements&removals)

Year 2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Actual Forecasted Cap

‐ With TurnoverAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-63 State Space Heating Device Standards in Ne w Homes – This DEC-headed program would require that space heating devices installed innew residential homes in the Fairbanks nonattainment area be EPA-certified devices meeting a 2.5 gram/hour PM 2.5 certification standard.

Emission control benefits of such a program were developed using projections from the Borough’s Community Research Quarterly publications. 32 Residential new homes were projected from 358 units in 2012 (actual) to 661 un its in 2019 (start of calendar year) based on the long-term 2000-2012 trend published in th e Quarterly. Emission reductions of PM 2.5 (no reductions were assumed for gase ous pollutants) were then estim ated for 2.5 gram/hour devices relative to the typical mix of uncertified/ce rtified heating device s projected in 2019 and accounting for the overlapping effects of natural turnover and the WSCO program.

PM 2.5 space heating emission reductions from the Stat e Standards were estimated to provide an additional 1.6% in 2019 (over and ab ove the ARA and WSCO programs).

State-Coordinated Wintertime Dry Wood Use Pr ogram – A second potential DEC-led program would consist of a coordinated program designed to promote and potentia lly incentivize greater use of “dry” wood (defined as wood with a mois ture content [MC] that does not exceed 20% on a dry basis). The projected wood moisture conten t in 2019 in the absence of such as program is 36.4%, averaged across the two wood source gr oups: (1) Buy (thos e who purchase wood commercially) and (2) Cut Own (those who cut, stack, and store their own wood).

Because such a program has not yet been adopted and is currently being evaluated by DEC, a series of plausible assumptions based on existing survey data were used to develop estimates of potential emission reduction bene fits. From the 2013 Wood Tag survey, 34.3% of wood-using survey respondents indicated a willingness to pa y up to $50 more per cord for dry wood knowing that dry wood provides roughly 25% more heating energy than we t wood (as explained in the Tag survey question). As a result, it was a ssumed that a coordinated wintertime Dry Wood Use program would result in 34% more homeowners from both the Buy and Cut Own wood source groups burning dry (20% MC) wood. (The moveme nt of both the Buy group and the Cut Own group to use greater use of dry wood comes abou t from additional State education efforts that span both groups. It was assumed that the same relative shift toward greater dry wood use would occur in both groups.) Under this assumption, the composite wood moisture content would drop to 30.8% and result in a heating ener gy reduction in wood use of roughly 4%.

This translates to an incremental PM 2.5 space heating emission reduction (on top of the preceding local and state measures) of 2.8% in 2019.

Expansion of Natural Gas Availability in Fa irbanks – A portion of the non-attainment area includes a limited delivery infrastructure for reside ntial and commercial natural gas use from the existing Fairbanks Natural Gas (FNG) private u tility. Plans are being coordinated and funding made available through several state agencies, led by the Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority (AIDEA), to provide a sufficien tly expanded infrastructure and delivery via expansion of FNG’s infrastructure within its se rvice area and additional gas delivery from a new

32 http://co.fairbanks.ak.us/c ommunityplanning/crc/Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-64 public entity, the Interior Gas Utility (IGU), acr oss an expanded area roughly encompassing the

remainder of the non-attainment area. AIDEA is st ewarding this expanded service with a goal of natural gas being priced at the re tail, point of sale level of ro ughly half the existing cost of heating oil, or about $15-$17 per mcf (thousand cubic feet).

Estimates of emission reductions from natura l gas expansion in 2019 (end of 2018) were developed based on forecasted residential and commercial penetration levels across the nonattainment area from a recent January 2014 AIDEA report prepared by Cardno-Entrix. 33 The Cardno report considered not just estimates of penetration (i.e. av ailability of gas at point of sale), but also addressed conversion/use for both the residential and commercial sectors and

accounted for the costs of conversion for each sector. The combined residential household penetration and conversion to na tural gas rate in 2019 estimated by Cardno was 36% at the end

of 2018.

The Cardno report also included estimates of fuel use shifts (oil-to-gas, wood-to-gas) in converted households based on the targeted offe ring price for gas (about $2/gallon on a heating oil equivalent basis) and elasticity estimates th at reflected a shift of roughly 77% of existing wood-burning homes to gas. This 77% estimate is very consistent with an 74% wood household shift to gas at $2/gallon oil equi valent developed from responses to a question in the 2013 Wood Tag survey. (These wood household shifts were based only on homes that had alternative heating sources beyond wood. In other words, th ey excluded homes solely heated using wood,

which would be more difficult candida tes for conversion to natural gas.)

These wood-to-gas household shifts were combin ed with an additional element from the 2013 Tag survey that found roughly 38% of wood user s would still likely burn wood on extremely cold days (defined as days below -30°F) to pr oduce estimates of discount shifts to gas use on those cold days.

Using these data sources and assumptions, incremental PM 2.5 emission reductions from natural gas expansion across the non-atta inment area in 2019 were found to be 16.4% on cold (<-30°F) days and 18.4% on warmer ( ≥‐ 30°F) days relative to the 2019 projected base line. These

incremental reductions are those above that fr om preceding state and local measures after accounting for overlapping effects.

Other Measures Considered But not Modeled – As noted earlier in Section III.D.0, Superior Pellet Fuels began to locally manufacture and ma rket densified energy logs in 2014. In addition to these potential programs the State is also eval uating potential emission benefits from use of “energy logs” which are compressed, densified lo gs that have just begun being manufactured locally in Fairbanks (by Superi or Pellet Fuels). Energy logs have roughly 20% more energy content (in BTU/lb) than the most commonly used Fairbanks cordwood speci es (Birch) and have an extremely low moisture content of 7% (on a dry basis).

33 “IEP Natural Gas Conversion Analysis, Fa irbanks LNG Distribution System Demand Analysis,” prepared by Cardno Entrix for Alas ka Industry Development and Export Authority, January 2014.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-65 Potential emission reductions fr om an Energy Log Use program were not included in the 2019 Control inventory due to the fact that production of the logs ju st began earlier in 2014 and the market or demand for the logs is still uncertai n. The State and Borough plan to conduct further evaluation of the benefits of locally manufact ured energy logs before designing a program to expand and provide incen tives for their use.

2019 Potential Control Inventory Summaries – Using the combined set of existing (ARA, WSCO) and potential future (State New Ho me Device Standards, Dry Wood, Natural Gas Expansion) programs, Table 5.6-24 and Table 5. 6-25 present tabulated sector and geographic

area summaries of the 2019 Pote ntial Control inventories base d on actual and PTE point source emissions, respectively.

Again, these are levels of control reduction that could be achieved by 2019 based on projected expansion of natural gas availability, coupled wi th State programs requiring (1) wood devices in new homes to meet a 2.5 gram/hour PM 2.5 emission standard and (2) expanded use of dry wood through education and/or incentives and c ontinuation of the Borough’s WSCO program

Table 5.6-26 shows how the 2019 Potential Contro l emissions compared to those of the 2008 Baseline inventory, listing emission reductions relative to the 2008 Baseline for both the entire Grid 3 modeling domain and the smaller non-attainme nt area. As noted in the table title, the comparisons are made based on PTE, rath er than actual, point source emissions.

Table 5.6-24 2019 Potential Control Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector,

Actual Point Source Emissions

Source Sector Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (Actual) 1.423 8.380 13.395 0.096 <0.001 a 1.412 8.167 13.285 0.096 <0.001 a Area, Space Heating 1.952 5.677 2.695 5 .957 0.184 1.606 5.1 93 2.456 4.788 0.171 Area, Space Heat, Wood 1.828 0.074 0.317 5 .767 0.065 1.496 0.0 62 0.263 4.619 0.053 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.062 5.525 1.810 0 .097 0.003 0.055 5.0 62 1.629 0.086 0.003 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.063 0.078 0.56 8 0.093 0.116 0.055 0.0 69 0.564 0.083 0.115 Area, Other 0.071 0.000 0.003 0.773 0.000 0.068 0.000 0.002 0.634 0.000

On-Road 0.485 0.021 2.350 2.934 0.058 0.406 0.017 1.872 2.258 0.048 On-Road, Running Exh 0.318 0.018 1.514 0.313 0.058 0.275 0.015 1.246 0.255 0.048 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.167 0.003 0.837 2.533 0.000 0.131 0.002 0.626 1.937 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.172 0.172 2.278 7.712 0.006 0.024 0.090 1.094 0.405 0.003

TOTALS 4.104 14.250 20.721 17.472 0.249 3.515 13.467 18.709 8.181 0.222

a Actual NH 3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-66 Table 5.6-25 2019 Potential Control Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector,

PTE Point Source Emissions

Source Sector Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Point (PTE) 2.773 26.612 29.609 0.845 <0.001 a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001 a Area, Space Heating 1.952 5.677 2.695 5 .957 0.184 1.606 5.1 93 2.456 4.788 0.171 Area, Space Heat, Wood 1.828 0.074 0.317 5 .767 0.065 1.496 0.0 62 0.263 4.619 0.053 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.062 5.525 1.810 0 .097 0.003 0.055 5.0 62 1.629 0.086 0.003 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.063 0.078 0.56 8 0.093 0.116 0.055 0.0 69 0.564 0.083 0.115 Area, Other 0.071 0.000 0.003 0.773 0.000 0.068 0.000 0.002 0.634 0.000

On-Road 0.485 0.021 2.350 2.934 0.058 0.406 0.017 1.872 2.258 0.048 On-Road, Running Exh 0.318 0.018 1.514 0.313 0.058 0.275 0.015 1.246 0.255 0.048 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.167 0.003 0.837 2.533 0.000 0.131 0.002 0.626 1.937 0.000 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.172 0.172 2.278 7.712 0.006 0.024 0.090 1.094 0.405 0.003

TOTALS 5.453 32.482 36.935 18.220 0.249 3.698 28.273 32.817 8.912 0.222

a Actual NH 3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3.

Table 5.6-26 2019 Control Modeling Emissions Relative to 2008 Baseline (PTE Point Sources)

Geographic Area % Change in Emissions (Relative to 2008 Baseline)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x VOC NH 3 Grid 3 Modeling Domain -21.9% +4.4% -7.4% -45.8% +2.6%

PM 2.5 Non-Attainment Area -27.7% +4.9% -7.0% -52.2% +5.4%

As seen in the highlighted column of Table 5.6-26, PM 2.5 reductions in 2019 of almost 28%

relative to the 2008 baseline could be achie ved within the non-attainment area.

Again, the reductions presented in Table 5.6-26 are reductions for all inventory sources. Thus,

the emission benefits noted earlier in this sub-se ction at the end of the discussions of the ARA and WSCO programs potential 2019 control measures do not add up to the totals in Table 5.6-26

since those reductions were relative to space heating emissions, not all emissions.



### 5.6.5. 2017	Reasonable	Further	Progress	(RFP)	Inventory

Moderate Area RFP Planning Requirements – Section 172(c)(2) of the CAA requires that plans

for non-attainment areas “shall require reas onable further progress” and include a “current inventory of actual emissions from all sources of relevant pollutan ts in such area ... to assure that the requirements of this part are met.” The goal of RFP is to achieve generally linear progress toward attainment (as opposed to deferri ng implementation of some of all measures until the end or projected attainment date).

The pollutants addresse d in the RFP inventor y were limi ted to PM 2.5 (direct), SO 2 and NO
x
. PM 2.5 (direct) and SO 2 are the two key pollutan ts for which control benefits were calculated.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-67 NO
x was also included as a required precursor. (Quantifie d control inventor y benefits were focused exclusively with in the Space Heating, Area Source sector. Emission reductions for

NO
x are proportional to those for PM 2.5 . Space heating emissions for NO
x , however, represent a small share of total emissions.)

As noted earlier in Section 5.6.1, th is Moderate Area SIP did not fo rmally require an attainment projection once it was establishe d that attainment by the 2015 d eadline for moderate areas was impracticable. Nevertheless as explained there, a path toward attainment by 2019 was developed that incorporated additional measures and programs beyond those in effect in 2015. Thus this

Moderate Area SIP included an attainment projection by 2019.

The SIP also includes an analys is that demonstrates adequate emission reductions will be achieved to comply with the goals of RFP beyond 2015.

The quantitative milestone requirements of CAA S ection 189(c) dictate that the “milestone” year for this RFP progress assessment is 2017 (no later than three years from the Moderate Area SIP submittal date of December, 2014). Section 172(c )(2) indicates that the assessment be based on actual emissions. However for completeness (to be consistent with the fact that the 2015 and 2019 modeling inventory were examined both wa ys), the 2017 RFP inventories were also generated both ways, considering both actual episodic emission levels as well as PTE permitted levels for point sources.

2017 RFP Inventory – To evaluate RFP-mandate d linear progress towa rd attainment beyond 2015, an analysis of emissions in 2017 associated with implementation of Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACM) and Reasonably Av ailable Control Tec hnologies (RACT) and

additional reasonable measures for the area was performed to determine whether forecasted controls (and their benefits) in 2019 would be sufficient to ensu re linear progress from 2015 to the projected 2019 attainment emission levels.

To address this requirement, 2015 and 2019 Control inventories for the non-attainment area were interpolated to 2017 to establish target emission levels representing a linear trajectory between the Moderate Area attainment deadline (2015) and the forecasted attainment year (2019). (Since 2017 is midway between 2015 and 2019, the linear prog ress target levels are simply the average of the 2015 and 2019 Control emission levels.)

Chapter 5.7 identifies and provides a detailed di scussion of RACM measures for Fairbanks. (All RACT measures have already been implemented in Fairbanks.) Many of the RACM measures identified in Chapter 5.7 are eith er voluntary or have already been implemented prior to 2015. Thus, the remaining measures examined fo r the purpose of RFP are those non-voluntary measures slated for implementation or phase-in after 2015 and correspond to the list of measures for which quantitative emission benefits were calculated and incorporated into the Control inventories. These specific m easures/programs are listed below:

 State Space Heating Device Standards in New Homes;

 State-Coordinated Wintertim e Dry Wood Use Program; and

 Expansion of Natural Gas Availability in Fairbanks.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-68 Since these measures were restricted to the Spa ce Heating (Area) source sector, the RFP progress assessment was conducted by analysis of emissions at the source sector level (although areas sources were split into Space Heating and Othe r sub-sectors). The analysis was based on average daily episodic emissions over the non-attainment area.

Table 5.6-27 shows the resulting 2017 RFP inventory for PM 2.5 , SO 2 and NO
x emissions within the non-attainment area using the same source sect or stratifications presented for the Control

inventories. As shown at the bottom of the ta ble, total emissions (on an average episode day basis) are 3.91 tons/day, 12.40 t ons/day and 18.95 tons/day for PM 2.5 , SO 2 and NO
x , respectively.

Table 5.6-27 2017 RFP Inventory Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector,

Actual Point Source Emissions

Source Sector NA Area Emissions (tons/day)

PM 2.5 SO 2 NO
x Point (Actual) 1.412 8.167 13.285 Area, Space Heating 1.976 4.137 2.398 Area, Space Heat, Wood 1.866 0.073 0.316 Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.060 3.997 1.752 Area, Space Heat, Other 0.050 0.067 0.331 Area, Other 0.066 0.000 0.002

On-Road 0.433 0.017 2.187 On-Road, Running Exh 0.289 0.015 1.511 On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.144 0.002 0.676 On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000

Non-Road 0.024 0.086 1.078

TOTALS 3.912 12.407 18.950

Linear Progress Assessment – Figure 5.6-27 presents the results of the an alysis of projected control emissions in 2017 relative to linearly-interpolated targets for PM 2.5 based on actual emissions for point sources. The vertical bars include the 2015 and 2019 Control inventory emissions (labeled “2015” and “2019”) are show n at each end of the figure. The middle bar, labeled “2017-Lnr” represents the linearly-interpolated RFP-ta rgeted emission levels in 2017.

Each bar includes elements that show the breakdow n of sector-specific emi ssions (in tons/day). Above each of these bars, the values in bold it alics represent total emissions summed across all sectors. The dashed line shows the linear prog ress trajectory (for total emissions) from 2015 to 2019 (and this intersects the t op of the “2017-Lnr” bar.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-69 Figure 5.6-27. Comparison of 2017 PM 2.5 RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, Actual

Point Source Emissions

Next to this bar, a fourth bar labeled “2017-Ctrl” represents emissions by s ector reflecting

forecasted control measure benefits in 2017 ba sed on expected implementation dates and/or phase-in schedules for each of the three measure listed earlier. (Since these measures are all restricted to the Space Heating sector, only the Space Heating segment is different between the 2017-Crtl and 2017-Lnr bars. As seen in compari ng these two bars in Figure 5.6-27, combined control benefits from these measures are projecte d to result in total inventory emissions that are lower than the linear RFP target (3.91 vs. 3.96 to ns/day). (The space heating emissions are 1.98 tons/day compared to the target for the sector of 2.02 tons/day.)

Error! Reference source not found. presents a similar comparison for SO 2 , although the linear

trend from 2015 to 2019 reflect s increasing levels of SO 2 . (This shift is largely the result of replacement of wood burning devi ces with oil devices for hea ting device replacements under the Borough’s Wood Stove Change Out program .) Nevertheless, the 2017-Ctrl SO 2 emissions are below the linear target for 2017 (12.41 vs. 13.00 tons/day).

Finally, the linear progress assessment for NO
x is shown in Figure 5.6-29. Although the

downward linear trend is less pronounced than for direct PM 2.5 shown earlier in Figure 5.6-27,

the 2017-Ctrl emissions are still nominally below the linear progress target in 2017 (18.95 vs. 18.97 tons/day).

(Coupled with the direct PM 2.5 emission reductions attainment is projected in 2019 based on atmospheric/chemical modeli ng described in Chapter 5.8.) 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.46 0.43 0.43 0.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 2.44 1.98 2.02 1.61

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

2015 2017

‐ Ctrl 2017

‐ Lnr 2019PM2.5Emissions(tons/day)

Inventory Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (Actual)

On

‐ Road

Non

‐ Road 

### 4.40

3.96

3.52 3.91Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-70 Figure 5.6-28. Comparison of 2017 SO 2 RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, Actual

Point Source Emissions

Figure 5.6-29. Comparison of 2017 NO
x RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, Actual

Point Source Emissions 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17 4.27 4.14 4.73 5.19

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

2015 2017

‐ Ctrl 2017

‐ Lnr 2019SO2Emissions(tons/day)

Inventory Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (Actual)

On

‐ Road

Non

‐ Road 

### 12.53 13.47

12.41 13.00

1.06 1.08 1.08 1.09 13.28 13.28 13.28 13.28 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.46

0 5 10 15 20 25

2015 2017

‐ Ctrl 2017

‐ Lnr 2019SO2Emissions(tons/day)

Inventory Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (Actual)

On

‐ Road

Non

‐ Road 

### 19.23 18.71 18.95 18.97Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-71 The reason the 2017-Ctrl emissions for both PM 2.5 and SO 2 are below their linear target levels is

twofold:

1. The first two measures (State Device Sta ndards in New Homes a nd Dry Wood Use) were assumed to be fully phased in by 2017 with th e same level of participation assumed in

2019. Most of the benefits come from th e Dry Wood Use program, and as explained earlier in Section 0, the participation rate of 34.3% was al so applied in 2017.

2. The WSCO program continues to provide “b etter than linear” incremental benefits between 2015 and 2019. Even though the benefits are projected to decline each year relative to the prior year, the benefits accumulated from 2015 to 2017 exceed those projected from 2017 to 2019.

The combination of these two factors is more than enough to overcome benefits from Natural Gas Expansion that are projected to increase at faster rates fr om 2017 to 2019. (The penetration rates for expanded natural gas av ailability are projected to ri se from 0% in 2015 to 14% by 2017 and 36% by 2019.)

Figure 5.6-30 through Figure 5.6-32 present simila r comparisons of RFP progress in 2017 for

PM 2.5 and SO 2 , respectively based on PTE levels for point sources. These comparisons directionally match those shown earlier in Figure 5.6-27 through Figure 5.6-29 that were based on actual emissions for the point so urce sector. In each case, for ecasted emissions in 2017 due to projected implementation of control measures will be below the linear progress targets as seen in comparing the 2017-Ctrl and 2017-Lnr emission levels in each figure.

Figure 5.6-30. Comparison of 2017 PM 2.5 RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, PTE

Point Source Emissions 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.46 0.43 0.43 0.41 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 2.44 1.98 2.02 1.61

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

2015 2017

‐ Ctrl 2017

‐ Lnr 2019PM2.5Emissions(tons/day)

Inventory Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (PTE)

On

‐ Road

Non

‐ Road 

### 4.59

4.14

3.70 4.09Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-72 Figure 5.6-31. Comparison of 2017 SO 2 RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, PTE

Point Source Emissions

Figure 5.6-32. Comparison of 2017 NO
x RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, PTE

Point Source Emissions 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 22.97 22.97 22.97 22.97 4.27 4.14 4.73 5.19

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

2015 2017

‐ Ctrl 2017

‐ Lnr 2019SO2Emissions(tons/day)

Inventory Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (PTE)

On

‐ Road

Non

‐ Road 

### 27.34 28.27 27.21 27.81

1.06 1.08 1.08 1.09 27.39 27.39 27.39 27.39 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.46

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

2015 2017

‐ Ctrl 2017

‐ Lnr 2019SO2Emissions(tons/day)

Inventory Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (PTE)

On

‐ Road

Non

‐ Road 

### 33.34 32.82 33.06 33.08Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-73 The above analysis demonstrates that the cont rol measures leading to attainment in 2019 will yield better than linear progress in 2017 for direct PM 2.5 , SO 2 and NO
x . Therefore the RFP plan requirements are met for all applicable pollutant s because the control measures they contain

result in 2017 emissions that are below thei r respective 2017 linear pr ogress target levels.



### 5.6.6. 2017	Motor	Vehicle	Emissions	Budget

Need for MVEBs – Generally, motor vehicle emission budgets (MVEBs) must be established within a SIP for use in subsequent regional transportation conformity analysis that is tied to the

SIP’s attainment demonstration and the on-road ve hicle emissions share of the overall attainment inventory. However as discussed in Chapter 5.9, th e central finding of this Moderate Area SIP is

that attainment of the PM 2.5 NAAQS by the required 2015 deadline will be impracticable in Fairbanks due to the magnitude of required re ductions and the difficulty and the cost of implementing measures that achieve these reductions in the near term (i.e., by 2015).

A control strategy implementation plan revisi on and MVEB is defined under 40 CFR §93.101 as

follows:

Motor vehicle emissions budget is that portion of the total a llowable emissions defined in the submitted or approved cont rol strategy implementation plan revision or maintenance plan for a certain date for the purpose of m eeting reasonable further progress milestones or demonstrating attainment or maintenance of the NAAQS, for any criteria pollutant or its precursors, allocated to highway and transit vehicle use and emissions.

EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) and Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) through EPA Region 10 were consulted to assess the need for MVEBs

within this SIP. EPA confirmed the need for MVEB s within this “impracticability” SIP, citing language in the 1992 General Preamble 34 for Title I implementation of the CAA. Under the Reasonable Further Progress (RFP)/Quantitative Milestone (QM) Requirements portion of the Particulate Matter, Statutory Background section [III.C(1)(f)], the Preamble contains the following language:

The PM-10 non-attainment area SIP's must include quantitative emissions reductions milestones which are to be achieved every 3 years and which demonstrate RFP, as defined in section 171(1) until the area is rede signated attainment [section 189(c)].

and

There is a gap in the law that the text of section 189( c) does not articulate the starting point for counting the 3-year period. The EPA believe s it is reasonable to begin counting the 3- year milestone deadline from the due date for applicable implementation plan revisions containing the control measures for the are a. The EPA believes it is reasonable to key the

milestone clock to the SIP r evision containing control measur es which will give rise to

emission reductions.

34 Federal Register, Vol. 57, No. 74, April 16, 1992.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-74 Although this Preamble was written prior to de velopment and implementation of separate

ambient standards for PM 2.5 , EPA has confirmed that the language above for PM 10 also applies to

PM 2.5 SIPs. Thus, EPA guidance was that MVEBs must be developed under this SIP pursuant to the RFP/QM requirements of Sect ion III.C(1)(f) of the Preamble.

MVEB Calendar Year and Pollutants – As discu ssed in earlier in Section 5.6.5, the milestone year for RFP is 2017. Thus, RFP inventories an d MVEBs were established for calendar year 2017. Separate budgets of on-road motor vehicle emissions occurring with in the non-attainment area were set for both directly-emitted PM 2.5 and NO
x , the latter based on EPA’s interpretation of applicable precursor requirements under 40 CFR §93.102(b)(1) and §93.102(b)(2)(iv), which applies to precursors of PM 2.5

.

Summary of MVEB Methodology – The MVEBs were calculated using the same approach applied in modeling motor vehicle emissions within the SIP emission inventories. However, the 2017 MVEBs were not an interpolation of 2015 a nd 2019 on-road emission s as developed for RFP progress analysis as described in Section 5.6.5. Instead the 2017 MVEBs were calculated based on a calendar year 2017 emission mo deling run and differ nominally from the on-road emissions presented in that section. The MVEB modeling is summarized below.

 Emissions Model – Emissions were calculated using the MOVES2010a vehicle emissions model, executed in county-wide “Inventory” mode. The model was run to generate emissions over the six-month non-attainment season (October through March). The Time Aggregation Level option was set to “Hour” as required for SIPs and regional emissions analysis 35

.

 Activity Inputs – Vehicle activity inputs (VMT by vehicle type, speed distributions, road type VMT distributions) for calendar year 2017 were developed by interpolating activity between the 2010 and 2035 calendar years for which regional travel demand model outputs were available from FMATS.

 2012-2015 TIP modeling were available. The same locally developed seasonal, weekly, and diurnal travel activity profiles used in the SIP inventories were also used to generate the MVEBs. Default MOVES activity was assumed for heavy-duty trucks (with no explicitly input extended idling).

 Fleet Characteristics Inputs – 2017 vehicle populations were extrapolated from actual 2010 registrations using the same growth rate assumptions used to generate the 2015 and 2019 Projected Baseline inventor ies. Vehicle age distribut ion and Alternative Vehicle and Fuel Technology (AVFT) inputs were base d on the calendar ye ar 2010 registration data, with an exception for light-duty vehicle age distributions explained as follows. Age distribution inputs for light-dut y vehicles were based on wint ertime parking lot survey

35 “Using MOVES to Prepare Emissions Invent ories in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity: Technical Guidance for MOVES2010, 2010a and 2010b,” U.S. Environmental Protection Ag ency, EPA-420-B-12-028, April 2012, http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/documents/420b12028.pdf

.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-75 data collected by ADEC, rather than registration data. Multi ple parking lot surveys have consistently found that older vehicles are ope rated less during winter due to drivability concerns. In developing wi nter non-attainment season inputs, motorcycles were assumed to not operate during harsh winter conditions. Thus their populations were zeroed out. The source population, age dist ribution and AVFT inputs were supplied to MOVES using the County Data Manager importers in accordance with the modeling guidance 35

.

 Meteorology Inputs – Based on interagency consultation guidance from EPA and FWHA, hourly ambient temperature and relative humi dity profiles were developed from hourly temperatures (and humidity data) averaged acr oss the 35 modeling episode days and used as the meteorology inputs to the MVEB modeling. The resulting hourly temperature profile exhibited a diurnal range from -14.1° F (Hour 8) to -6.4°F (Hour 15), with an average daily temperature of -11.8°F. Th is was consistent with episodic modeling inventory development in the SIP although th e average meteorology profile across the 35 episode days was used for the MVEB while individual day meteorology (for each of the 35 days) was used to establish the MVEB a nd was agreed upon in consultation with EPA

and FHWA.

 Plug-In Adjustments to PM 2.5 Emissions – Finally, starting exhaust PM 2.5 emissions for light-duty gasoline vehicles were adjusted to account for the effects of wintertime vehicle plug-in block heater use in Fairbanks. Thes e adjustments were applied using an EPAaccepted approach that consisted of modify ing the MOVES soak time distribution inputs for light-duty vehicles contained in OpModeDistribution table in the model’s default database. Appendix III.D.5.6 provides further de tails on these plug-in adjustments. Note that EPA’s approval of the methodology for modeling the adjustments only extends to analyses conducted using MOVES2010; a dditional interagency consultation will be needed to identify a methodol ogy for use with MOVES2014.

Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets – Using the modeling methodology outlined above,

MOVES2010a was executed with locally developed inputs represen tative of wintertime calendar year 2017 conditions. Table 5.6-28 summarizes th e resulting regional average winter day onroad vehicle PM 2.5 and NO
x emissions, which represent the applicable MVEBs under the SIP.

Table 5.6-28

Fairbanks Non-Attainment Area Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets

Calendar Year Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets
(tons/day)

PM 2.5 NO
x 2017 and later 0.33 2.13

The PM 2.5 MVEB shown in Table 5.6-28 includes the plug-in adjustment effects. (As noted earlier, the plug-in adjustments are applied only to starting exhaust emissions for light-duty gasoline vehicles. Plug-ins reduced vehicle fleet-wide PM 2.5 emissions by 5.4%.) The

PM 2.5 MVEB assumed zero contribution from fugitive road dust, consistent with the SIPAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-76 inventory assumption that road dust emissions do not occur during winter in Fairbanks when

road surfaces are snow- and ice-covered. The emissions budget also does not include

construction dust for the same reason.

MVEB Context within 2017 Inventory – To provide a clear u nderstanding for the

contribution of emissions from on-road motor ve hicles (i.e., the MVEBs) relative to all other

emission sources within the non- attainment area, Table 5.6-29 presents a summary of 2017

PM 2.5 and NO
x emissions by major source sector. Emi ssions are shown on both an absolute (tons/day) and relative (% of total emissions) basis for both pollutants. On-road vehicle emissions (based on the MVEBs) are highlighted.

Table 5.6-29

2017 PM 2.5 and NO
x Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector Showing Motor Vehicle Emissions Contribution

Source Sector NA Area Emissions (tons/day) Relative Emissions Contribution (%)

PM 2.5 NO
x PM 2.5 NO
x Point Sources (Actual) 1.41 8.17 37.1% 63.9%

Area Sources 2.04 2.40 53.6% 18.8%

On-Road Sou rces (MVEBs) 0.33 2.13 8.7% 16.7%

Non-Road Sources 0.02 0.09 0.6% 0.7%

TOTALS 3.81 12.78 100.0% 100.0%

As highlighted in Table 5.6-29, th e contribution of on-road vehicl es to total emissions from all sources for both pollutants are relatively small, comprising under 9% and 17% of total

PM 2.5 and NO
x emissions respectively. Although on -road vehicles are by no means the predominant source of these pollutants, the vehicle emission budgets established under the federal conformity regulations require that emissions associated with future federallyfunded regional transportation plans do not exceed budgeted limits, thereby ensuring these plans conform to the overall attainme nt progress reflected in the SIP.

Differences Between On-Road Emissions in 2017 RFP Inventory and MVEBs – Emissions

from on-road vehicles for PM 2.5 and NO
x shown in the 2017 RFP Inventory table (Table 5.6-27) and MVEB tables (Table 5.6-28 and Ta ble 5.6-29) are nominally different (0.43 vs. 0.33 tons/day for PM 2.5 and 2.19 vs. 2.13 tons/day for NO
x ). These differences are not the result of errors, but rather how the MOVES ve hicle emissions model is required to be used for the attainment modeling-based RFP inventor y versus establishment of vehicle emissions budgets. There are several reasons as explained below.

First, for the RFP inventory, MOVES was ex ecuted in “Emission Rates” calculation mode to provide highly detailed emission rates by emission process, speed and ambient temperature to support calculation of emi ssions by hour and grid cell for use in the attainment modeling. For the MVEBs, M OVES must be executed under a simpler “Inventory” calculation mode to estimate tota l vehicle emissions over a regional area (theAdopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-77 PM 2.5 non-attainment area in this case). In th e attainment modeling inventory temperaturespecific emission rates are combined with indi vidual temperatures for each modeling grid cell. In the Inventory calcul ation mode for the MVEB’s an average temperature profile (based on temperatures at Fairbanks Internat ional Airport) was used. Finally, the RFP inventory was based on vehicle emissions ca lculated by hour and day for all 35 modeling episode days. In contrast the MVEBs are base d on a temperature profile than represents the average hourly temperature across all 35 days. (Since vehicular PM 2.5 emissions are more sensitive to ambient temperature (i n this temperature range) than NO
x emissions, this likely explains why the difference between the RFP and MVEB vehicle emissions are greater for

PM 2.5 than NO
x .)



### 5.6.7. Inventory	Validation	and	Quality	Assurance

5.6.7.1	Introduction

This sub-section describes the quality assuranc e (QA), quality control (Q C), and data validation procedures that were applied in constructi ng the emission inventories for the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The QA and QC procedures used were based on guidance 36 developed by EPA under its Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP ), specifically under Volume VI (Quality Assurance Procedures).

Under the EPA guidance, QA and QC are defined as two separate components of an integrated approach in ensuring proper em ission inventory (EI) developmen t. QA is a pre-developed system of data handling, review, and audit pr ocedures, generally conducted by personnel not actively involved in the detailed EI calculatio ns. QA can include development of a formally documented Quality Assurance Plan (QAP). (Although a formal QAP was not developed to support the EI work under this SIP, an earlier QAP developed by DEC and used to compile and prepare emission estimates for three-year NEI submittals to EPA was utilized and supplemented with SIP-specific procedures descri bed later in this sub-section.)

QC is typically a subset of an overall QA system and consists of activities that include technical reviews, accuracy checks, and use of appr oved standardized procedures for emission calculations. Thus, QA includes both establishing QC procedures and identifying personnel to conduct the QC as well as actual QA auditing and data checking.



### 5.6.7.2	Responsible	Personnel

Alice Edwards of the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and Robert Dulla of Sierra Research, In c. (Sierra)—both with emission inventory, regulatory policy, and control measure evaluation experience—served as co-Quality Assurance Coordinators. Ms. Edwards handled data prepared or obtained directly by the State, while Mr. Dulla was responsible for QA of Borough and all other externally developed or acquired data.

36 Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP), EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, Research Triangle Park, NC. Volumes I – X, http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/

.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-78 Frank Di Genova of Sierra, who along with Mr . Dulla, was not directly involved in actual inventory data development and EI calculations, performed independent in ternal review of the detailed EI calculations and source methodologies.



### 5.3.7.3	Data	Collection	and	Analysis

Both to ensure the comprehensive assessment of sources within the emission inventory as well as to assure properly assembled source activity and emission factor data, EPA’s aforementioned EIIP QA/QC documentation was used to gui de EI data collection and analysis.

As discussed in Section III.D .5.6.1, the source categories were di vided into stationary point source, stationary area source, non-road mobile, and on-road mobile. St ationary point source information is maintained by DEC down to 100 tons per year, so no surveys were needed to explicitly identify stationary ar ea and point sources. Emissions from stationary point sources were calculated on the basis of 2008 production levels and the best availabl e emission factors.

Area source emissions estimates were based on a variety of sources of activity and emission

factors that maximized u tilization of an extensive amount of locally collected activity data and testing measurements, especially wi thin the space heating sector.

Within the mobile source sector, both on-road a nd non-road emissions were calculated using the latest (at the time) available emissions m odels: MOVES2010a for on-road vehicles, NONROAD2008a for non-road vehicles and equipm ent, and EDMS 5.1.3 for airfield emission

sources. The SMOKE Version 2.7.5b inventory pre-processing model was used to grid, speciate,

and format the EI estimates into photochemical model-ready structures.

Across all source sectors, special attention was given to strong seasonal activity and emission factor variations largely driven by the harsh Arctic climate but that differed by source category

even within a source sector. Attention was also given on a source category basis to evaluation of default assumptions or activity/emission factor estimates based on “Lower-48” conditions that were clearly not applicable to wintertime Alaskan conditions.



### 5.6.7.4	Data	Handling	and	Validation

Elements of the emission inventory data handling procedure are outlined below.

1. Assembly and review of various sources of external or “raw” data (including both

electronic databases as well as individual data elements lif ted from various publications and research materials)

2. Data tracking (coordination of different inve ntory elements as well as refinements of

initial draft estimates wi th newer or updated data)

3. QA/QC and data validation, which consisted of data checking and correcting and proper

substitution of corrected data.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-79 Additional data review and valid ation procedures consisted of review focused on identifying gaps or double-counting of source emissions as well as separate tabulations of emissions by sector and category at severa l stages of the EI development, from raw and calculation spreadsheets to SMOKE proces sing model inputs and outputs.

Each of the data handling and validation elements is further discussed below.

Data Assembly and Review – Initial data assemb ly and review was performed for each piece of external data. This included structuring data fo r specific source types into a unified spreadsheet structure. (For example, facility-specific epis odic data were supplied in a range of spreadsheet layouts and data units.) It incl uded explicit assignments of SCC c odes to data for each category

or sector. It also consisted of a preliminary review of data validity using a combination of range/unit checks and independent corroboration (e .g., Tier 1 or EIS/SCC- level comparisons to NEI estimates).

Data Tracking – Data obtained exte rnally from a variety of agenci es, other outside entities, and literature review sources were ga thered and organized into hier archical folders based on source

sector classifications. To acc ount for the need for data coll ection, EI calculation, and then QA/QC review by multiple and disp arate personnel, both “working” and “final” versions of this

hierarchical structure were utili zed. In addition, procedures were employed whereby earlier draft estimates and supporting data were periodically o ffloaded to separate folders marked as “Draft”

to ensure there was no confusion as to the elemental s upporting files of a fina lized EI element as well as to preserve an evolutionary archive/re vision history of the EI revisions throughout the inventory development process. Daily and weekly file backups were performed using Sierra’s network backup system.

QA/QC and Data Validation – The principal QA/ QC methods and data validation techniques employed in development of the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP inventories included the following:

 Reality, limit and unit checks;

 Peer review;

 Sample calculations;

 Sensitivity analysis; and

 Independent audits/valida tion of emission estimates.

Some of these elements are further explained below.

Peer Review – Peer review was a regular and integral pa rt of the process utilized to assure the quality and validity of the inventories. For near ly the last three years of the SIP development, weekly and monthly conference ca lls were held by DEC with pa rticipation by their consultant Sierra, FNSB, and EPA Region 10 staff to discu ss emergent data sources or study reports and discuss analytical approaches and calculation met hods/assumptions. In addition to these weekly calls, intermediate EI data elements and calcula tion spreadsheets were also circulated between DEC, FNSB, Sierra and Regi on 10 to perform independent review and evaluation. The participants in these weekly and monthly exchanges are listed below.Adopted November 14, 2014

III.D.5.6-80  Alice Edwards, DEC

 Cindy Heil, DEC

 Deanna Huff, DEC

 Jim Conner, FNSB

 Ron Lovell, FNSB

 Todd Thompson, FNSB

 Rob Elleman, EPA Region 10

 Lucy Edmonson, EPA Region 10

 Jeff Houk, FWHA Resour ce Center (monthly)

 Kris Reisenberg, FHWA (monthly)

 Bob Dulla, Sierra Research

 Tom Carlson Sierra Research

 Mark Hixson, Sierra Research

In addition to these weekly and monthly calls, se veral coordinated in-person meetings were held either in Alaska or at EPA Region 10’s Seattle office to provide detaile d technical briefings on EI and other SIP elements. Finally, preliminar y reviews of EI technical documentation were provided by Rob Elleman and Bob Kotchenruther of EPA Region 10.

Independent Audits and Emi ssion Estimation Validation – Independent audits largely included review of spreadsheet calculations by a second or third person beyond th e initial preparer of

emission estimates for each individual source ca tegory. Emission estimation validation consisted of a series of corroboratory checks at both the so urce category and broader source sector level. At the source category (e.g., SCC) level, NEI estim ates were used to initially validate the EI estimates. Although this often proved problematic because the NEI estimates were county-wide annual averages and were often initially found to be in significant disagree ment with the episodic estimates, especially those entirely developed using locally collected activity data or test measurements, it forced the data validation to back track through the calculations (including accounting for strong seasonal variat ions) to affirm the findings. Validation procedures applied

at the broader source sector/t ype level included corroboration of source contributions to total inventory emissions with independent source ap portionment techniques that included Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) analyses performed to support

the SIP.

### APPENDIX III.D.5.6

EMISSIONS INVENTORYEMISSIONS INVENTORY Introduction

III.D.5.6-1 

### I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

Within the Home Heating sector, separate sectio ns are provided that detail key underlying data sources and components of the approach used to estimate episodic home heating emissions, given their importance within the entire inventory as follows:

 Development of Energy Model – describes local instrumented data collection and analysis used to develop a home heating energy demand model calibrated to episodic wintertime conditions in Fairbanks;

 Residential Surveys – documents the structure, content and approach used to collect key activity, source mix and behavior pattern data in a series of home heating surveys of locally sampled residential households;

 Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Content – explains the data sources used to identify the local mix and energy content of wood species used in home heating and the methods used to account for the effect of wood moisture content on emissions;

 OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors – discusse s the emission factors used to estimate home heating emissions in Fairbanks by devi ce type and includes f actors developed from laboratory testing local heating de vices and AP-42-based rates; and

 Emission Calculation Details – explains how each of the data sources and upstream methods were combined to estimate gridded hourly estimates of ho me heating emissions.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-2 

### E PISODIC 

### P OINT 

### S OURCE 

### D ATA

Given the potential for strong seasonal variations in facility activity and demand point source emissions to support the episodic modeling were developed on a da y- and hour-specific basis for each of the key point source facilit ies within the modeling domain. This section of the technical appendix describes how episodic activity data were collected by ADEC and emission estimates calculated for these point sources. It also expl ains how these data were reviewed for quality assurance before being loaded into the SIP modeling inventory.



### B ASE 

### Y EAR 

### E PISODIC 

### P OINT 

### S OURCE 

### D ATA

For the 2008 base year SIP inventory, ADEC queri ed facilities from its permits database to identify major and minor point source faciliti es within the modeling domain. ADEC uses the definition of a major source under Title V of the Clean Air Act (as specified in 40 CFR 51.20) to define the “major source” thresholds for reporti ng annual emissions. These thresholds are the potential to emit (PTE) annual emi ssions of 100 tons for all releva nt criteria air pollutants. Natural minor and synthetic minor facilities (between 5 and 99 TPY) reporting emissions under either New Source Review (NSR) or Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements were also initially includ ed in the query to ensure that faci lities within the non-attainment area just below the 100 TPY threshold were also identif ied to determine whether their emission levels might warrant treatment and individual stationary point sources within the SIP model inventory.

A total of 14 facilities were identified. Of these, ADEC noted that three of the facilities, the Golden Valley Electric Associat ion (GVEA) Healy Power Plant a nd the heating/power plants at Fort Greely (near Delta Junction) and Clear Air Force Base (near Anderson) were excluded from development of episodic emissions. These facili ties were excluded because of their remoteness relative to Fairbanks (all ar e between 55 and 78 miles away) 1 or the fact that they were located generally downwind of the non-at tainment area under episodic air flow patterns (Healy Power Plant and Clear AFB). Three others were identif ied as minor/synthetic minor sources: 1) Fort Knox Mine (26 miles northeast of Fairbanks), 2) Us ibelli Coal Preparatio n Plant (in Healy), and 3) CMI Asphalt Plant (in Fairbanks) and were ex cluded from treatment as individual episodic point sources because they were either locate d outside the non-attainment area (Fort Knox and Usibelli) or exhibited insignificant wintertime activity (CMI Asphalt Plant).

(These excluded facilities were treated as st ationary non-point or ar ea sources within the inventory.)

The names and primary equipment and fuels of th e eight remaining facilities for which episodic

data were collected and devel oped are summarized in Table 5.6- 1. One facility, Eielson Air Force Base is located just outside the non-atta inment area boundary on the southeast edge. All

other facilities liste d in Table 5.6-1 are located with in the non-attainment area.

1 Individual point source plume modeling conducted by ADEC in support of the SIP using the CALPUFF model found that under the episodic meteorological conditions, emissions from facilities located outside the Fairbanks PM2.5 non-attainment area exhibited negligible contributions to ambient PM 2.5 concentrations in the area.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-3 Table 5.6-1 Summary of SIP Modeling Inventory Point Source Facilities

Facility ID Facility Name Primary Equipment/Fuels

71 Flint Hills North Pole Refinery 11 crude & process heaters burning process gas/LPG (9 operated during episodes), plus 2 natural gas-fired steam generators, gas flare

109 GVEA Zehnder (Illinois St)

Power Plant Two gas turbines burning HAGO a , two diesel generators burning Jet A

110 GVEA North Pole Power Plant Three gas turbines, two burning HAGO, one burning naphtha (plus an emergency generator and building heaters not used during episodes)

236 Fort Wainwright Backup diesel boilers & generators (3 each) - none operated during episodes

264 Eielson Air Force Base Over 70 combustion units - six coal-fired main boilers only operated during episodes

315 Aurora Energy Chena Power

Plant Four coal-fired boilers (1 la rge, 3 small), all exhausted through common stack

316 UAF Campus Power Plant Two coal-fired, two oil-fired boilers (plus backup generators & incinerator not operated during episodes)

1121 Doyon Utilities (private Fort Wainwright units) Six coal-fired boilers

a Heavy Atmospheric Gas Oil. HAGO is a crude distillate at the heavy end of typical refinery “cuts” with typical boiling points ranging from 610-800 ° F. Due to geographic proximity, GVEA seasonally uses HAGO during winter, a by-product from Flint Hills Refinery.

As noted in Table 5.6-1, some of the equipm ent is not normally operated during wintertime modeling episodes. This infrequently ope rated equipment include s backup boilers and

emergency generators.

In December 2010, ADEC sent letters of request and spreadsheet templates to each of the eight
point source facilities listed in Table 5.6-1, requesting additi onal actual day- and hour-specific
activity and emissions data from each facility (as available) covering the two 2008 historical
modeling episodes:

 Episode 1 (E1) – January 23 through February 10, 2008; and

 Episode 2 (E2) – November 2 through November 17, 2008.

The spreadsheet template contained individual sheet s organized in a structure similar to that use

to collect and submit stationa ry point source data to EPA under National Emission Inventory (NEI) reporting requirements. Information was requested for both combustion and fugitiveEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-4 sources. Requested data elements included emi ssion units, stack parameters (height, diameter, exit temperature and velocity/flow rate), release points (location coordinate s), control devices (as applicable), seasonal and diurna l fuel properties and throughput.

If available (e.g. through continuous emissions mon itoring systems) facilities were also directed to submit additional spreadsheets with day and hou r-specific data for the two historical modeling episodes.

Episodic 2008 actual data were provided by seven of the eight facilities listed earlier in Table 5.6-1. (Episodic data were not provided for Fo rt Wainwright (Facility ID=236) since as its backup diesel generators and boilers were not in operation duri ng the two 2008 modeling episodes as noted in Table 5.6-1.) The facilities provided fuel use, su lfur content, emission factor, and/or emissions data. The pollutants of interest included PM 2.5 , sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO
x ), and volatile organic compounds (VOC).

Figure 5.6-1 shows the locations of each of the point sources contained within the PM 2.5 nonattainment area (the tan shaded area), by facili ty ID and stack ID. The green dots represent locations of combustion point sources while the orange dots signify fugitive VOC sources. The

location of the downtown ambient PM 2.5 monitor is also shown in Figure 5.6-1.

Figure 5.6-1 Location of Point Sources by Fa cility ID Within Fairbanks PM 2.5 Non-Attainment Area

! . ! . ! . ! . ! .

! . ! . ! . ! . ! .

! . ! . ! . ! . ! .

! .

71-9 71-8

71-7 71-6 316-6 316-4

316-3 316-1 315-7

110-7 109-4 109-3

1121-3 1121-2 236-24 236-23

236-22 1121-7A 316-09A

R I C H A R D S O N H W Y G o l d s t r e a m R d

B A D G E R R D C H E N A H O T S P R I N G S R D

P E E D E R D

N O R D A L E R D

R E P P R D G E O R G E P A R K S H W Y

P L A C K R D A I R P O R T W A Y O L D S T E E S E H W Y

P E G E R R D

C H E N A P U M P R D

H U R S T R D H O L M E S R D B A L L A

I N E
R D

C H E N A R I D G E R D G A F F N E Y R D

D S T

N E L S O N R D U N I V E R S I T Y A V E S H E E P CR E E K R D S T E E S E H

W Y

F A R M E R S L O O P R D

S C U S H M A N

S T F R E E M A N R D

3 0 T H A V E S U M M I T D R

A S T S t e e l e C

r e e k R

d

8 T H A V E

N E W B Y R D B e n n e t t R d

D A W S O N R D 2 2 N D A V E D A N B Y S T

H O L L O W EL L R D S T E E S E H W Y

Fairbanks North Star

Downtown MonitorEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-5 

### Q UALITY 

### A SSURANCE 

### R EVIEW

ADEC’s contractor, Sierra Research, Inc. (Sierra), then assembled and reviewed the submitted data for completeness, consistency and validity prior to integrating the episodic data into the SIP

inventories. Given the differences in structur e and content of the submitted episodic data, the data were individually reviewed for each facility before being assembled into a consistent inventory structure.

Generally, most facili ties provided hourly PM 2.5 and SO 2 emission rates by individual emission unit. As explained in greater detail belo w, Sierra then developed estimates of NO
x and VOC

emission rates from AP-42 2 based emission factors (where fu el use data were explicitly provided) or from fuel-speci fic emission factor ratios.

The actual episodic data obtained from each facil ity are summarized below. Any corrections made to the data during the re view are specifically noted.

Flint Hills Refinery (#71) - The Flint Hills Refinery (FHR) provided ADEC with hourly

emissions data for PM 2.5 / SO 2 /NO
x / VOC for five release points encompassing 12 emission sources. Flint Hills Refinery did not differe ntiate the hourly emissions among the underlying emission sources. Flint Hills Refinery did not provide the underlying fuel usage rates, process throughput rates, or the emission f actors associated with these em issions. Flint Hills Refinery did not provide the basis for the emissions data; it only provided the hourly emissions. Emissions from one of the four release points – the flare – are insignificant compared to the emissions from the four release points. Flint Hi lls Refinery did not prov ide stack temperature, stack flow rate, or stack velocity data for the flare.

GVEA Zehnder Power Plant (#109) - GVEA provided ADEC with hour ly fuel consumption and

PM/SO 2 emissions data for two liquid-fired gas turbin es and two liquid fired generators. The gas turbines (Units 1/2) burn HAGO/Jet A. GVEA calculated hourly PM/SO 2 emissions from the hourly fuel usage and emission factors. Sierra similarly calculated hourly NO
x /VOC emissions from the hourly fuel usage and emission factors.

For Units 1/2, GVEA used a source test-derived filterable PM emission factor; Sierra assumed that PM comprised 100% PM 2.5 since AP-42 does not distinguish PM emissions by particle size.

Sierra further assumed that the condensable PM fraction was negligible compared to the

filterable PM fraction. GVE A derived the HAGO/Jet A SO 2 emission factors from the averaged

measured HAGO/Jet A sulfur contents and HAGO/Je t A higher heating values (HHV). Sierra

obtained the NO
x /VOC emission factors for an uncontro lled gas turbine from Tables 3.1-1 and 3.1-2a, respectively, of AP-42 (April 2000).

For the generators (Units 3/4), GVEA obtained the PM 2.5 emission factor from Table 3.4-2 of AP-42 (October 1996). GVEA derived the diesel SO 2 emission factor from the averaged measured Jet A sulfur content and je t A HHV. Sierra obtained the NO
x /VOC emission factors for an uncontrolled engine from Table 3.4-1 of AP-42 (October 1996). Sierra corrected some

2 “AP-42, Fifth Edition, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emissi on Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources,” Environmental Protection Agency, January 1995.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-6 errors it discovered while reviewi ng GVEA’s calculations. Units 3/4 SO 2 emissions were overstated by a factor of 100 because the fuel sulfur content was not divided by 100 in the

calculation. Unit 4 SO 2 emissions during November were fu rther overstated. The combined

emissions from Units 3/4 were cal culated rather than apportioni ng the fraction attributable to Unit 4. Emissions from the two generators are in significant compared to the emissions from the two gas turbines. GVEA did not provide stack temp erature, stack flow ra te, or stack velocity data for the generators.

GVEA North Pole Power Plant (#110)
- GVEA provided ADEC with h ourly fuel consumption

and PM/SO 2 emissions data for three liquid-fired gas turbines comprising five release points (two turbines each discharge to two separate stacks). Units 1/2 burn HAGO while Unit 5 burns a combination of naphtha and Jet A. GVEA calculated hourly PM/SO 2 emissions from the hourly fuel usage and emission factors. Si erra similarly calculated hourly NO
x /VOC emissions from the hourly fuel usage and emission factors.

For Units 1/2, GVEA used a source test-derived PM 10 emission factor; Sierra assumed that PM 10 comprised 100% PM 2.5 since AP-42 does not distinguish PM emissions by particle size. GVEA

derived the SO 2 from the averaged measured HAGO su lfur content and HAGO HHV. Sierra

obtained the NO
x /VOC emission factors for an uncontro lled gas turbine from Tables 3.1-1 and 3.1-2a, respectively, of AP-42 (April 2000). Sie rra corrected an error it discovered while reviewing GVEA’s calculations. Units 1/2 emissi ons were inadvertently calculated using the jet

A HHV rather than the HAGO HHV.

For Unit 5, GVEA obtained the PM emission factor s (filterable and condensable) from Table 3.1-2a of AP-42 (April 2000); Sierra assumed that PM comprised 100% PM 2.5 since AP-42 does not distinguish PM emissions by particle size. The AP-42 PM emission factor used for Unit 5 is over an order of magnitude lower than the source test-derived PM 10 emission factor used for Units 1/2. GVEA derived the naphtha/Jet A SO 2 emission factors from the averaged measured naphtha/Jet A sulfur contents and na phtha/Jet A HHVs. Th e naphtha/Jet A SO 2 emission factors used for Unit 5 are nearly an order of magnitude lower than the HAGO SO 2 emission factor used

for Unit 5 because the sulfur content of HAGO is much higher than that of naphtha/Jet A. Sierra

obtained the NO
x /VOC emission factors for a water inj ected gas turbine from Tables 3.1-1 and 3.1-2a, respectively, of AP -42 (April 2000).

Eielson Air Force Base (#109)
- Eielson Air Force Base provided ADEC with combined hourly

PM 2.5 and SO 2 emissions data for six release points, each comprising one coal-fired spreader

stoker boiler. Eielson did not differentiate th e hourly emissions among the underlying boilers but did provide the underlying hourly steam pr oduction rates associated with each boiler. Eielson did not provide th e basis for the hourly PM 2.5 and SO 2 emissions data; it only provided the combined hourly emissions. Sierra allocated hourly PM 2.5 and SO 2 emissions among the six boilers proportional to hourly steam production relative to the total steam production.

Sierra calculated hourly NO
x and VOC emissions from the hourly PM 2.5 emissions using the

ratio of NO
x /VOC emission factors to an assumed PM 2.5 emission factor. Sierra obtained the

assumed total PM 2.5 emission factor, representing the sum of filterable and condensable emissionEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-7 factors, for a spreader stoker boiler equipped with a baghouse and firing sub-bituminous coal (or

bituminous coal when sub-bituminous coal emissions data were not availa ble) from Tables 1.1-5 and 1.1-9 of AP-42 (September 1998). Sierra obtained the NO
x /VOC emission factors for a water injected gas turbine from Tables 1.1- 3 and 1.1-19, respectively, of AP-42 (September 1998).

Emission factors for spreader stoke r boilers firing sub-bituminous coal (or bituminous coal when

sub-bituminous coal emissions data were not av ailable). Sierra sim ilarly allocated hourly emissions among the six boilers proportional to hourly steam production relative to the total steam production.

Aurora Energy, LLC (#315)
- Aurora Energy, LLC provided ADEC with hourly average

PM 2.5 /SO 2 emissions data, which Aurora derived fr om daily emissions, for one release point encompassing 4 emission sources (i.e., coal boilers ). Aurora did not di fferentiate the daily emissions among the underlying emission sources. Aurora did not provide the basis for the

PM 2.5 /SO 2 emission calculations. Aurora did not provide any hourly fuel usage or steam production data to enable Sierra to allocate daily emissions on an hour basis proportional to hourly plant production.

Aurora also provided Sierra direc tly with daily coal usage data from which Sierra used emission factors (in lb/mmBTU) to calculate daily NO
x /VOC emissions. Aurora provided Sierra permitted NO
x emission rates and maximum heat input ra tes for each boiler, from which Sierra

derived NO
x emission factors (in lb/mmBTU ). Sierra obtained the VOC emission factor for a coal-fired spreader stoker boiler from Table 1.1- 19 of AP-42 (September 1998). Since Aurora did not provide any hourly fuel usage or steam pr oduction data to enable Si erra to allocate daily emissions on an hour basis proportional to hourly plant production, Sierra calculated the average hourly NO
x /VOC emissions from the daily NO
x /VOC emissions.

University Of Alaska, Fairbanks (#316)
- The University of Alaska , Fairbanks (UAF) provided ADEC with hourly fuel use data for four boilers – two coal-fired and two oil-fired – comprising four separate release points. UAF subsequently confirmed with Sierra that the fuel oil usage units of measure are actually gallons per minute, though initiall y reported as gallons per hour. Aurora did not provide hourly emissi ons data. Sierra calculated hourly PM 2.5 /SO 2 / NO
x /VOC emissions using emission factors and fuel usage. UAF provided fuel sulfur content data and a

source test-derived coal PM 2.5 emission factor. Sierra obtained SO 2 / NO
x /VOC emission factors

for overfeed stoker boilers burni ng sub-bituminous coal from Ta bles 1.1-3 and 1.1-19 of AP-42 (September 1998). Sierra obtained PM 2.5 /SO 2 / NO
x /VOC emission factors for industrial boilers burning #2 fuel oil from Tables 1.3-1, 1.3-2, and 1.3-3 of AP-32 (May 2010).

Doyon Utilities (#1121)
- Doyon Utilities provided ADEC with daily emissions data for PM 2.5 and SO 2 for six release points, each comprising one co al-fired spreader stoker boiler. Doyon did not provide the hourly emissions for each boile r but did provide the underlying hourly steam production rates associated with each boiler. Doyon calculated daily PM 2.5 /SO 2 emissions from the daily coal usage, daily coal sulfur cont ent, and emission factors. Doyon obtained the

PM 2.5 /SO 2 emission factors for spreader stoker boile rs equipped with a baghouse and firing subbituminous coal (or bituminous coal when s ub-bituminous coal emissions data were notEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-8 available) from Tables 1.1-3, 1.1-5, and 1.1-9 of AP-42 (September 1998). Sierra similarly calculated daily NO
x / VOC emissions from the daily coal usage and emission factors. Sierra

obtained the NO
x /VOC emission factors for spreader st oker boilers firing sub-bituminous coal from Tables 1.1-3 and 1.1-19 of AP-42 (Septemb er 1998). Sierra allocated hourly emissions among the six boilers proportional to hourly steam production relative to the daily steam production.

Doyon was unable to provide hourly steam production data for January 24 th . Sierra allocated daily emissions by assuming that the hourly emi ssions were proportional to the average of the hourly emissions from the preceding and following day (i.e., January 23 rd and 25 th ). Hourly steam production was also missing for Hours 14 through 16 on November 15 th . Sierra assumed that hourly steam production for these missing hours equaled the average of the preceding and following hours (Hour 13 and 17).

Cross-Facility Fuel Properties Review – As an additional data validation check, a comparison of key fuel properties across all of the point s ource facility data was pe rformed. Although fuel property data submitted by facilities were based on actual fuel measurements, the intent was to ensure there were no inadvertent transcription errors in the submitted data by confirming that

these data fell within accepted ranges. Table 5.6-2 summarizes the results of sulfur and ash content comparisons by fuel type ac ross all facilities using each fuel.

Table 5.6-2 Comparison of Key Point Source Fuel Properties

Fuel Sulfur Content (%) Ash Content (%)

LPG/Natural gas ~0.001 0

Naphtha 0.018 - 0.024 0

Jet A 0.083 - 0.093 0

Coal 0.12 – 0.34 7-15

Distillate Oil 0.39 – 0.44 0

HAGO 0.69 – 0.71 0

Source Coordinates Review – Coordinates for stac k/vent release point locations obtained from each facility were also reviewed by Sierra. Th e transmittal spreadsheets requested latitude and longitude coordinates and the geodetic datum on wh ich they were based for the source release points of each facility.

To validate the source coordinate data submitted by each facility, the latitude/longitude data and datum (when provided) were loaded into GIS soft ware (ArcGIS). As-received coordinates were given based on a combination of WGS84, NAD1983 and NAD1927 datums. Thus the first step in validating the coordinate data consisted of co nverting them all to a si ngle standardized datum (WGS84) within ArcGIS. WGS84 was chosen since it is the da tum upon with the Google EarthEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-9 mapping utility is based. The unified datum coor dinate data were then exported to a “KMZ” spatial data file for plotting a nd viewing within Google Earth.

Several coordinate inconsistencies were found for one or two of the facilities and were straightforward to visually identif y using Google Earth. They genera lly appeared to be the result of either transcription errors in the latitude/long itude data provided or related to uncertainty about the datum upon which they were based. A list of facility- specific coordinate inconsistencies was prepared for ADEC which wa s used to follow-up with and obtain corrected data from affected facilities. In one instance, revised location coordina tes still did not accurate match comparisons of zoomed in Google Earth views and source locations on a building sketch map. For this instance, it was assumed that the datum with which the coordinates were associated was incorrect and the latitude/longitude coordinates were identified directly from the zoomed in Google Earth view.



### E MISSION 

### C OMPARISONS

Episodic vs. Annual Actual and Permitted Levels - Once the facility data were corrected and validated, a series of emission summaries for eac h facility were developed comparing emissions across each of the two modeling ep isodes (from the episodic data) to actual emissions for all of calendar 2008 and annual permitted or PTE levels. (The latter two elements were obtained from DEC’s AirTools permits database system.) Emissi on levels were converted to an average daily basis, to standardize the comparis ons of episodic and annual emissions.

Figure 5.6-2 through Figure 5.6-5 presents these episodic, annual and permitted emissions of

PM 2.5, SO 2 , NO
x , and VOC, respectively, for eac h source facility. (Episodic NH 3 data were not available.) Within each figure, four sets of da ily average emissions (in tons/day) are plotted for each facility, as described below.

1. 2008 E1 Avg – Episode 1 (Jan. 23 - Feb 10, 2008) average daily actual emissions

2. 2008 E2 Avg – Episode 2 (Nov.2 – Nov. 17, 2008) av erage daily actual emissions

3. 2008 Actual – 2008 actual annual average daily emissions (from DEC database)

4. PTE – Allowable or permitted annual Potentia l to Emit (PTE) levels, expressed on an average daily basis (from DEC database)

In comparing allowable (PTE) limits to the actual emissions in this set of figures, one should compare only actual annual emissions (green bars ) to the PTE limits (purple bars) since all the data are plotted on an average daily basis. In other words, the fact that GVEP NP Episode 1 average daily emissions in Figure 5.6-2 (blue bar) are higher than the PTE level (purple bar) does

not indicate the PTE limit was exceeded since it is an annual, rather than daily limit.

As seen in Figure 5.6-2, significant differences exis t for certain facilities between actual daily average PM 2.5 emissions during the winter modeling episodes and permitted (i.e., PTE) average daily emission levels. Moreover, the difference in average actual daily emissions also varied significantly between modeling epis odes (and compared to actual annual average emissions) for specific facilities, notably the GVE A North Pole (NP) power plant.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-10 Figure 5.6-2

2008 PM 2.5 Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source-Emissions (tons/day)

Figure 5.6-3

2008 SO 2 Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source-Emissions (tons/day)

Figure 5.6-3 through Figure 5.6-5 show similar comparisons for the precursor pollutants.

In comparing the facility-specific daily emission aver ages across this series of plots, it is noted that the PTE emissions represen t allowable limits based on operat ing permits in place in the 2008 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder GVEA NP Eielson

AFB Aurora
Energy UAF Doyon (Ft
WW)Emissions(tons/day) 2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTE

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder GVEA NP Eielson

AFB Aurora
Energy UAF Doyon (Ft
WW)Emissions(tons/day) 2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTEEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-11 Figure 5.6-4

2008 NO
x Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source-Emissions (tons/day)

Figure 5.6-5 2008 VOC Episodic, Actual Annual and P TE Point Source-Emissions (tons/day) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder GVEA NP Eielson

AFB Aurora
Energy UAF Doyon (Ft
WW)Emissions(tons/day) 2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTE

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder GVEA NP Eielson

AFB Aurora
Energy UAF Doyon (Ft
WW)Emissions(tons/day) 2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTEEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-12 baseline year that continue through 2014 with exceptions at UAF 3 and Flint Hills 4 that were

assumed to not affect allowable emissions in the projected 2015 inventories.

In addition, the episodic actual emissions for thes e point sources in the modeling inventory are represented on a day- and hour-specific basis. Th e E1 and E2 emission levels shown in the plots are averages compiled from the day- and hour-s pecific emissions across each modeling episode.

Hourly Emissions – In addition to examining episodic, annual and PTE emissions, comparisons of hourly emissions averaged across all days in each episode were also developed for each facility.

Figure 5.6-6 and Figure 5.6-7 compare average hourly PM 2.5 emissions for each facility in Episode 1 and Episode 2, respectively. As seen in these two figures, the hourly PM 2.5 emission profiles vary both by facility within an episode, as well as across each episode for some facilities. The two GVEA facilities show significant variati on in hourly average emissions. As seen in Figure 5.6-6 hourly PM 2.5 emissions at GVEA North Pole (GVE A-NP) vary by nearly a factor of ten, with emissions highest from 10 am thr ough around 10 pm before dropping significantly. The GVEA-Zehnder emissions also vary, but appear more muted when plotted on the same scale because emissions for that facility during Epis ode 1 are much lower than at GVEA-NP. In contrast, Figure 5.6-7 sh ows that GVEA-Zehnder PM 2.5 hourly emissions vary even more dramatically that GVA-NP during Episode 2. Hourly PM 2.5 emissions for the other five facilities are much more constant throughout the day.

Figure 5.6-8 and Figure 5.6-9 presen t similar comparisons across Episodes 1 and 2 for hourly

SO 2 emissions. Again, the two GVEA facilities exhibit significant variation in diurnal SO 2 emissions, while emissions for the other facilities are generally flat across each hour of the day.

3 UAF received a construction permit (under Title I of the CAA) in April 2014 for replacement of its two existing coil-fired boi lers with new dual fuel-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers that will result in modest changes in fac ility PTE levels. As of the date of this SIP submittal, it was unknown if these boiler replacements would actua lly occur in 2015. Thus, preApril 2014 PTE levels were assumed for UAF in 2015.

4 In the first half of 2014, the Flint Hills Refinery was shut down. Production of both gasoline and other fuel products ended in early summer. The facility’s actual and PTE emissions were still applied in the 2015 inventor y given uncertainty about the closing/decommissioning schedule for the refinery at the time the inventory was finalized.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-13 Figure 5.6-6 Episode 1 Average Hourly PM 2.5 Emissions (lb) by Facility

Figure 5.6-7 Episode 2 Average Hourly PM 2.5 Emissions (lb) by Facility 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24HourlyEmissions(lb)

Hour (ending) Flint Hills

GVEA

‐ Zehn

GVEA

‐ NP

Eielson

Aurora

UAF
Doyon/WW

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24HourlyEmissions(lb)

Hour (ending) Flint Hills

GVEA

‐ Zehn

GVEA

‐ NP

Eielson

Aurora

UAF
Doyon/WWEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-14 Figure 5.6-8 Episode 1 Average Hourly SO 2 Emissions (lb) by Facility

Figure 5.6-9 Episode 2 Average Hourly SO 2 Emissions (lb) by Facility 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24HourlyEmissions(lb)

Hour (ending) Flint Hills

GVEA

‐ Zehn

GVEA

‐ NP

Eielson

Aurora

UAF
Doyon/WW

0 50 100 150 200 250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24HourlyEmissions(lb)

Hour (ending) Flint Hills

GVEA

‐ Zehn

GVEA

‐ NP

Eielson

Aurora

UAF
Doyon/WWEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-15 

### P ROJECTED 

### B ASELINES

Often, projected baseline emissions for stationary point source facilities are developed based on actual emissions in the baseline year (2008 in th is SIP) with activity growth projected using population or employment forecasts or other reasonable growth su rrogates, coupled with control

factors that reflect effects of emission reductions from phase in or addition of industrial source controls triggered by technology-based regulatory standards (e.g., RACT/BACT 5 ) for areas with an existing SIP.

For this Moderate Area SIP, future activity gr owth for all permitted point sources was held constant at actual 2008 epis odic levels. This assumpti on was made for two reasons:

1. Uncertainty Regarding HAGO Switching - The fi nal SIP inventories were prepared and used in attainment modeling during spri ng of 2014. In February 2014, Flint Hills publicly announced plans to shut down thei r refinery in North Pole, with complete decommissioning of the facility expected by the end of 2014. Flint Hills Refinery has been the supplier of the HAGO fuel used during winter by the GVEA North Pole and Zehnder power plants. (HAGO was a refinery by-product than represented a costeffective fuel for GVEA.) Source test-bas ed emission factors from GVEA burning HAGO and other facilities burning coal or oil indicate that PM 2.5 emission factors per unit energy for HAGO were roughly an order of magnitude greater than those for coal or oil. With the shutdown of Flint Hills begi nning, there was uncertainty at the time the inventories were developed as to what fuel GVEA would substitute for existing HAGO use during winter. Given the magnitude of HAGO emission factors relative to other industrial fuels, actual episodic emissions for GVEA in future years were uncertain.

2. Uncertainty Regarding Population-Driven E ffects – Source data collected for the two historical winter 2008 episodes reflected actual activity levels during these two periods.

It is unclear how well source throughput or activit y correlates with year-to-year changes in population (or ambient temperature). Gi ven the modest 1% per year long-term population growth projected for the area and uncertainty regarding employment growth

and the fact that the actual data were collected in 2008 which preceded the economic recession of the last several years, use of a population or employment-based growth surrogate was highly uncertain and not likely to significantly alte r future industrial facility activity and emissions.

Given the effect of HAGO use at the GVEA facilities in the 2 008 baseline actual point source inventory coupled with the shutdow n of Flint Hills Refinery, holding actual emissions constant at 2008 levels likely represent a conservative (i.e. over-stated) estimate of actual emissions in 2015

and 2019.

As explained in Section 5.7, control triggers woul d not occur until after th e submittal of the firsttime Moderate Area PM 2.5 SIP. Thus, the control factor el ement of the project ed baseline point

5 RACT – Reasonably Available Control Tec hnologies, BACT – Best Available Control Technologies.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-16 source inventories assumes no further control. RACT triggered control requirements may occur in the future, but they are not part of the proj ected baselines for point sources in this SIP.

Thus, 2008 actual episodic and allowable (PTE) emission levels for the permitted stationary point sources were assumed to apply in the projected baseline inventories.



### I NVENTORY 

### A SSEMBLY

To support the attainment modeling, the episodi c day- and hour-specific emissions for each facility were utilized in mode ling actual point source emission cases. Allowable emissions were based on daily (and hourly) averages of annual P TE levels. Rather than assume a constant hourly emission rate, PTE levels for each facility converted to a daily average basis were then apportioned to the average hourly profiles of each fac ility across both modeling episodes. In other words the episodic average hourly emission s plotted earlier in Fi gure 5.6-6 through Figure

5.6-9 were converted to relative (fractional) values and then applied to the PTE-based daily average emissions.

In addition, since the PTE levels ar e totals across all em ission units for each facility (e.g., stacks, vents, etc.), allowable emissions were also dist ributed by emission unit with in each facility based

on the relative contribution of each unit from act ual data averaged across the two historical modeling episodes.

Using these methods, day and hour-specific emissi ons were developed for both the Actual and Allowable emission cases. For the Actual case, emissions varied by both day and hour based on the historical data. For the Allowable case, emi ssions were constant for each day and the hourly profile was constant across each da y (although it varied by facility).

The day and hour-specific emissions for the Actu al and Allowable cases were assembled and formatted for input into the SMOKE emissions pre-processor model as described in Appendix

III.D.5.8.

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-17

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-18

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-19

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-20

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-21

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-22

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-23

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-24

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-25

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-26

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-27

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-28

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-29

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-30

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-31

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-32

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-33

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-34

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-35

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-36

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-37

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-38

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-39

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-40

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-41

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-42

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-43

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-44

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-45

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-46

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-47

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-48

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-49

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-50

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-51

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-52

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-53

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-54

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-55

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-56

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-57

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-58

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-59

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-60

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-61

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-62

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-63

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-64

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-65

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-66

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-67

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-68

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-69

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-70

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-71

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-72

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-73

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-74

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-75

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-76

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-77

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-78

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-79

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-80

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-81

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-82

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-83

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-84

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-85

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-86

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-87

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-88

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-89

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-90

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-91

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-92

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-93

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-94

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-95

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-96

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-97

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-98

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-99

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-100

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-101

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-102

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-103

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-104

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-105

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-106

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-107

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-108

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-109

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-110

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-111

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-112

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-113

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-114

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-115

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-116

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-117

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-118

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-119

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-120

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-121

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-122

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-123

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-124

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-125

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-126

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-127

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-128

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-129

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-130

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-131

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-132

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-133

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-134

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-135

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-136

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-137

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-138

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-139

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-140

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-141

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-142

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-143

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-144

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-145

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-146

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-147

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-148

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-149

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-150

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-151

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-152

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-153

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-154

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-155

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-156

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-157

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-158

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-159

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-160

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-161

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-162

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-163

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-164

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-165

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-166

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-167

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-168

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-169

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-170

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-171

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-172

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-173

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-174

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-175

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-176

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-177

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-178

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-179

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-180

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-181

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-182

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-183

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-184

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-185

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-186

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-187

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-188

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-189

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-190

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-191

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-192

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-193

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-194

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-195

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-196

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-197

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-198

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-199

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-200

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-201

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-202

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-203

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-204

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-205

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-206

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-207

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-208

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-209

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-210

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-211

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-212

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-213

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-214

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-215

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-216

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-217

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-218

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-219

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-220

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-221

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-222

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-223

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-224

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-225

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-226

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-227

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-228

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-229

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-230

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-231

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-232

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-233

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-234

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-235

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-236

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-237

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-238

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-239

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-240

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-241

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-242

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-243

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-244

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-245

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-246

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-247

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-248

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-249

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-250

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-251

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-252

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-253

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-254

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-255

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-256

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-257

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-258

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-259

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-260

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-261

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-262

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-263

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-264

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-265

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-266

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-267

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-268

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-269

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-270

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-271

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-272

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-273

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-274

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-275

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-276

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-277

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-278

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-279

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-280

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-281

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-282

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-283

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-284

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-285

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-286

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-287

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-288

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-289

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-290

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-291

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-292

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-293

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-294

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-295

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-296

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-297

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-298

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-299

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-300

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-301

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-302

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-303

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-304

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-305

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-306

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-307

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-308

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-309

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-310

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-311

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-312

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-313

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-314

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-315

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-316

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-317

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-318

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-319

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-320

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-321

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-322

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-323

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-324

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-325

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-326

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-327

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-328

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-329

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-330

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-331

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-332

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-333

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-334

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-335

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-336

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-337

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-338

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-339

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-340

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-341

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-342

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-343

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-344

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-345

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-346

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-347

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-348

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-349

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-350

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-351

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-352

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-353

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-354

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-355

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-356

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-357

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-358

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-359

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-360

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-361

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-362

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-363

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-364

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-365

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-366

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-367

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-368

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-369

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-370

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-371

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-372

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-373

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-374

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-375

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-376

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-377

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-378

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-379

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-380

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-381

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-382

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-383

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-384

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-385

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-386

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-387

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-388

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-389

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-390

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-391

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-392

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-393

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-394

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-395

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-396

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-397

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-398

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-399

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-400

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-401

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-402

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-403

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-404

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-405

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-406

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-407

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-408

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-409

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-410

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-411

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-412

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-413

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-414

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-415

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-416

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-417

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-418

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-419

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-420

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-421

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-422

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-423

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-424

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-425

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-426

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-427

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-428

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-429

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-430

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-431

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-432

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-433

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-434

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-435

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-436

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-437

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-438

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-439

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-440

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-441

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-442

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-443

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-444

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-445

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-446

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-447

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-448

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-449

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-450

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-451

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-452

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-453

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-454

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-455

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-456

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-457

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-458

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-459

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-460

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-461

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-462

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-463

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-464

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-465

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-466

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-467

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-468

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-469

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-470

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-471

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-472

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-473

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-474

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-475

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-476

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-477

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-478

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-479

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-480

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-481

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-482

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-483

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-484

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-485

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-486

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-487

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-488

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-489

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-490

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-491

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-492

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-493

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-494

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-495

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-496

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-497

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-498

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-499

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-500

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-501

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-502

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-503

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-504

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-505

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-506

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-507

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-508

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-509

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-510

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-511

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-512

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-513

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-514

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-515

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-516

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-517

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-518

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-519

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-520

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-521

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-522

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-523

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-524

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-525

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-526

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-527

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-528

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-529

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-530

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-531

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-532

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-533

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-534

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-535

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-536

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-537

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-538

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-539

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-540

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-541

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-542

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-543

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-544

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-545

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-546

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-547

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-548

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-549

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-550

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-551

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-552

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-553

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-554

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-555

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-556

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-557

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-558

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-559

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-560

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-561

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-562

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-563

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-564

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-565

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-566

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-567

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-568

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-569

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-570

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-571

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-572

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-573

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-574

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-575

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-576

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-577

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-578

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-579

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-580

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-581

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-582

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-583

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-584

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-585

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-586

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-587

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-588

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-589

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-590

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-591

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-592

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-593

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-594

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-595

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-596

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-597

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-598

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-599

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-600

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-601

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-602

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-603

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-604

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-605

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-606

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-607

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-608

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-609

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-610

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-611

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-612

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-613

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-614

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-615

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-616

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-617

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-618

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-619

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-620

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-621

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-622

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-623

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-624

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-625

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-626

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-627

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-628

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-629

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-630

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-631

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-632

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-633

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-634

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-635

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-636

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-637

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-638

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-639

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-640

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-641

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-642

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-643

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-644

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-645

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-646

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-647

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-648

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-649

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-650

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-651

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-652

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-653

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-654

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-655

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-656

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-657

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-658

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-659

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-660

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-661

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-662

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-663

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-664

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-665

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-666

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-667

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-668

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-669

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-670

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-671

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-672

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-673

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-674

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-675

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-676

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-677

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-678

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-679

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-680

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-681

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-682

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-683

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-684

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-685

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-686

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-687

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-688

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-689

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-690

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-691

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-692

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-693

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-694

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-695

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-696

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-697

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-698

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-699

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-700

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-701

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-702

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-703

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-704

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-705

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-706

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-707

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-708

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-709

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-710

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-711

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-712

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-713

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-714

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-715

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-716

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-717

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-718

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-719

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-720

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-721

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-722EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-723EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-724EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-725EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-726EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-727EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-728EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-729EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-730EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-731

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-732

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-733

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-734

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-735

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-736

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-737

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-738

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-739

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-740

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-741

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-742

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-743

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-744

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-745

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-746

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-747

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-748

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-749

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-750

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-751

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-752

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-753

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-754

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-755

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-756

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-757

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-758

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-759

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-760

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-761

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-762

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-763

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-764

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-765

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-766

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-767

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-768

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-769

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-770

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-771

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-772

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-773

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-774

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-775

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-776

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-777EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-778EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-779EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-780EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-781EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-782EMISSIONSINVENTORYINTRODUCTIONThis technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issuesconsidered and methodologies and workflowapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the FairbanksPM2.5SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus,thedocumentation is organized by source sector as follows:Episodic Point Sources;Home Heating Area Sources;Other Area Sources;On-Road Mobile Sources; andNon-Road Mobile Sources.(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during thesnow and ice-bound winter PM2.5season.)For all inventory sectors, episodic modelingemissions were generally calculated usinga “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily onIII.D.5.6-783

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-784

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-785

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-786

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-787

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-788

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-789

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-790

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-791

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-792

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-793

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-794

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-795

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-796

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-797

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-798

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-799

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-800

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-801

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-802

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-803

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-804

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-805

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-806

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-807

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-808

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-809

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-810

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-811

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-812

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-813

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-814

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-815

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-816

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-817

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-818

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-819

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-820

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-821

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-822

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-823

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-824

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-825

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-826

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-827

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-828

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-829

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-830

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-831

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-832

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-833

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-834

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-835

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-836

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-837

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-838

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-839

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-840

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-841

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-842

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-843

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-844

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-845

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-846

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-847

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-848

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-849

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-850

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-851

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-852

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-853

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-854

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-855

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-856

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-857

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-858

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-859

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-860

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-861

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-862

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-863

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-864

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-865

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-866

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-867

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-868

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-869

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-870

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-871

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-872

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-873

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-874

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-875

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-876

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-877

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-878

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-879

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-880

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-881

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-882

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-883

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-884

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-885

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-886

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-887

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-888

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-889

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-890

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-891

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-892

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-893

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-894

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-895

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-896

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-897

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-898

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-899

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-900

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-901

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-902

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-903

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-904

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-905

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-906

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-907

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-908

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-909

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-910

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-911

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-912

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-913

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-914

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-915

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-916

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-917

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-918

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-919

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-920

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-921

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-922

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-923

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-924

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-925

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-926

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-927

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-928

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-929

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-930

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-931

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-932

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-933

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-934

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-935

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-936

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-937

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-938

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-939

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-940

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-941

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-942

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-943

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-944

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-945

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-946

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-947

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-948

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-949

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-950

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-951

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-952

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-953

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-954

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-955

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-956

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-957

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-958

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-959

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-960

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-961

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-962

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-963

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-964

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-965

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-966

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-967

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-968

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-969

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-970

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-971

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-972

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-973

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-974

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-975

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-976

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-977

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-978

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-979

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-980

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-981

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-982

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-983

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-984

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-985

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-986

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-987

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-988

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-989

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-990

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-991

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-992

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-993

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-994

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-995

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-996

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-997

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-998

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-999

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1000

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1001

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1002

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1003

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1004

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1005

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1006

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1007

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1008

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1009

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1010

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1011

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1012

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1013

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1014

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1015

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1016

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1017

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1018

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1019

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1020

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1021

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1022

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1023

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1024

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1025

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1026

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1027

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1028

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1029

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1030

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1031

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1032

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1033

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1034

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1035

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1036

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1037

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1038

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1039

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1040

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1041

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1042

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1043

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1044

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1045

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1046

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1047

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1048

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1049

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1050

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1051

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1052

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1053

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1054

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1055

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1056

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1057

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1058

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1059

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1060

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1061

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1062

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1063

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1064

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1065

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1066

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1067

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1068

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1069

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1070

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1071

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1072

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1073

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1074

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1075

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1076

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1077

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1078

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1079

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1080

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1081

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1082

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1083

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1084

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1085

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1086

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1087

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1088

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1089

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1090

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1091

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1092

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1093

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1094

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1095

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1096

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1097

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1098

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1099

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1100

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1101

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1102

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1103

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1104

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1105

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1106

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1107

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1108

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1109

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1110

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1111

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1112

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1113

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1114

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1115

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1116

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1117

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1118

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1119

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1120

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1121

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1122

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1123

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1124

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1125

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1126

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1127

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1128

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1129

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1130

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1131

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1132

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1133

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1134

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1135

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1136

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1137

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1138

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1139

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1140

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1141

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1142

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1143

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1144

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1145

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1146

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1147

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1148

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1149

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1150

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1151

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1152

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1153

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1154

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1155

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1156

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1157

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1158

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1159

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1160

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1161

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1162

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1163

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1164

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1165

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1166

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1167

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1168

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1169

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1170

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1171

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1172

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1173

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1174

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1175

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1176

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1177

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1178

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1179

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1180

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1181

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1182

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1183

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1184

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1185

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1186

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1187

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1188

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1189

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1190

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1191

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1192

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1193

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1194

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1195

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1196

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1197

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1198

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1199

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1200

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1201

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1202

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1203

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1204

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1205

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1206

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1207

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1208

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1209

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1210

### EMISSIONS INVENTORY I NTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the da ta sources, issues considered and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the ba seline emission inventories developed to support the episodic atta inment modeling in the Fairbanks PM 2.5 SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows:

 Episodic Point Sources;

 Home Heating Area Sources;

 Other Area Sources;

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and

 Non-Road Mobile Sources.

(Biogenic emissions do not o ccur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM 2.5 season.)

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling em issions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an e xhaustive set of locally me asured data used to support the emission estimates.

III.D.5.6-1211EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1212 

### H OME 

### H EATING



### – R ESIDENTIAL 

### S URVEYS

One of the key sources of data use to drive th e residential heating ener gy model was information developed from a series of re sidential “Home Heating” (HH) telephone surveys regularly conducted by ADEC. These surveys have been conducted in 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 and have been used by ADEC and Borough to determine the mix of residential home heating devices and practices within the Fairbanks PM 2.5 Non-Attainment Area.

In addition to these broader HH surveys, the ag encies also funded and coordinated two special surveys in 2013 specifically targ eting wood-burning households, one in which more details were

obtained on rated emission levels for certified devices, the othe r which further examined wood purchase and usage practices.

This section of the Emission Inve ntory Technical Appendix describe s each of these two sets of survey instruments and summarizes the key data extracted from these surveys and processing performed for use in calculation space heat ing emissions within the SIP inventories.



### H OME 

### H EATING 

### S URVEYS

Purpose – The primary purpose of these HH surveys was to collect up-to-date information on residential heating practices in Fairbanks during the winter season when extremely cold ambient temperatures cause a significant seasonal increas e in fuel combustion for residential heating. Since the first surveys were conducted dur ing the 2006 and 2007 winter seasons, ADEC has continued to fund similar annual surveys beginn ing again in early 2010. The rationale behind these continued surveys is to ascertain whether tr ends in the devices/fuels used to heat homes have changed over time. ADEC and the Borough al so use the surveys to gauge public awareness about local air quality and control programs.

Basic Approach - The HH surveys were conducted by a specialized research survey firm, Hays Research Group (Hays), based in Alaska. Hays was directed to randomly sample residential

households within the Fairbanks PM 2.5 non-attainment area, perfor m the telephone surveys and deliver the detailed, electronically recorded survey data results to ADEC. The telephone surveys were generally toward the end of each wint er (e.g., the 2010 survey was conducted during February 2010) to get responses about heating pa tterns/practices while fresh in the minds of the respondents.

Targeted sample sizes for the first thr ee HH surveys (2006, 2007 and 2010) were set at 300 households for each survey. For the 2011, 2012 and 2013 surveys, the targeted sample size was more than doubled, to 700 households. Within each survey, ZIP code-specific sampling targets

were established based on household data from the 2010 U.S. Census and used to select stratified samples of residential househol ds by ZIP code. (For the 2010 a nd earlier HH surveys, stratified ZIP code sampling was based on 2000 Census data, th en later re-weighted to be consistent with the 2010 Census weightings. Composite metrics tabulated across ZIP codes from all surveys could then be compared in an unbiased manner.)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1213 In addition, the 2011 and later surv eys utilized a different Fairba nks telephone database that included mobile phones. Given the growing us e of cell phones, in some households as a replacement for land-line phones, concern emerged that the approach used to sample households using a land-line only phone number database may have unintentionally biased the resulting samples. As a result, the household selection process for the 2011 and later surveys was revised to include cell-sampled respondents. The cell phone respondents were contacted using known Fairbanks cell prefixes, and then verified to be w ithin the boundaries of the survey. Sample sizes for the cell phone respondent subs ets within each survey were “s elf-selecting.” Hays simply used a combined list of phone numbers (land and cell) and randomly dialed from the list. Cell vs. land line phone status was la ter confirmed by the Hays interv iewer during the survey of each respondent. The cell phone res pondent fractions ranged from 5% to 12% across the three (2011 and later) HH surveys. No ZIP code or address location data were collected for these cell-based respondents, except wi thin the 2012 survey 11 . For the other surveys, cell respondents were proportionally distributed across the non-attainment area ZIP codes based on the 2010 Census weightings.

Survey Content – The surveys focused on identify ing the types and usage practices of different home heating devices used in re sidences within the nonattainment area during winter months. It was organized into a hierarchical series of r oughly 70 separate questions that respondents were asked to answer based on the types of heating de vices available and used within their homes. Key questions included the following:

 identifying the types of heating devices pres ent in the household (i ncluding the specific type of wood-burning device if used);

 providing rough usage percentages for each de vice on both a winter season and annual basis; and

 estimating the amount of fuel used in each device (e.g., cords of wood or gallons of heating oil) both dur ing winter and on an annual basis.

The survey questions were organized in a “branc hing” structure. An initial set of focused questions were asked to identify the types of heat ing devices present and used in the home. Then for each device applicable to the household, separate branches of further questions were asked about each device. The residential heating de vice types tracked under the surveys (for which separate question branching was co nducted) are listed in Table 5.6- 9. The surveyor navigates the homeowner through specific branches of the survey related to t hose devices that exist in the

household. In addition to those de vices explicitly listed in Table 5.6-9, the survey allows other types of heating devices to be identified and recorded into a generic “Other” group for which “verbatim” descriptions of the de vice provided by the homeowner we re recorded into a separate file. Generally, the most common type of hea ting device in the Other category is portable electric heaters, which produce ups tream or indirect emissions.

11 For the 2012 HH survey only, address data were obtained by Hays, but not released. Hays used the addresses to locate the surveyed households within ZIP codes in material provided to ADEC.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1214

Table 5.6-9 Fairbanks Home Heating Survey Device Types

Fuel Group Device Type

Wood-Burning Fireplaces

Woodstoves/Inserts

Outdoor Wood Boilers

Oil-Burning Central Oil Boilers/Furnaces

Portable Fuel Oil/Kerosene Heaters

Direct Vent Heaters

Gas Natural Gas Heaters

Coal Coal Heaters

Steam Municipal (District) Heat a

s Municipal or District heat refers to steam heat circulated in underground pipes generated from the Aurora Energy coal plant.

After the branching portions of the each survey ar e completed for the specific devices present in the home, a general section of questions are in cluded at the end that were asked of all respondents. These questions typically focused on planned changes in heating devices/practices and also included elements related to Borough education and control programs. Summarized separately below are the key types of questions contained in each survey branch or section:

 Initial Section - types of devices present in the house and the homeowner’s rough estimate of the percentages each device was used during winter (and annually in some surveys), later surveys also aske d for dwelling size (heated space);

 Fireplace Section – winter season and annual wood use estimates; whether wood used is cut by the homeowner or purchased comme rcially, seasoning period before burning,

estimated wood moisture conten t and annual wood expenditure;

 Stove/Insert Section – estimated age and installation da te of device, winter season and annual wood use estimates, cordwood or pell et device, whether wood used is cut or bought, seasoning period before burning, esti mated wood moisture content and annual wood expenditure;

 Outdoor Wood Boiler Section - winter season and annual wood use estimates, use of cordwood or pellets, whether wood used is cut or bought, seasoning period before burning, estimated wood moisture co ntent and annual wood expenditure;

 Central Oil Section – size of fuel tank, gallons of h eating oil used during winter and annually, yearly cost of fuel oil;EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1215  Portable Fuel Oil/Kero sene Heater Section - similar to Centra l Oil section, plus questions asking whether the devi ce burns fuel oil or kerosene;

 Direct Vent He ater Section – similar to Central Oil section;

 Gas Section – estimated winter season and a nnual expenditures for natural gas;

 Coal Section – estimated winter season and annual coal use and expenditure, whether used in indoor stove or outdoor boiler;

 Municipal Heat Section - estimated winter season and annual expenditures for municipal (i.e. District) heat; and

 General/Future Use Section – this final section included questions about future home heating practices, such as estimating the heating oil price that would trigger each respondent to stop burning wood, as well as questions designed to gauge public awareness about air quality in Fair banks and wood-burni ng in particular.

Attachment A contains the interviewer survey script for the 2011 Home Heating survey which lists each of the questions and shows their or der and the section branching summarized above.

Survey Data Assembly and Quality Assuran ce Review – Once the telephone surveys were completed by Hays Research (the survey firm used to conduct the surveys and assemble the response data) the survey data were then prov ided to ADEC in a series of electronic files 12 for processing and quality assurance review as described below.

Assembly & Processing – For each survey, the as-received data were imported into a single spreadsheet, the primary response data were load ed into on sheet, the verbatim responses in a secondary sheet, with those responses organized into tables specific to each question of that form (verbatim rather than categorical/numeric resp onses). Each record in the primary data corresponded to completed and coded responses to all questions for a household. Each column contains the responses to a specific question. Respondent IDs survey dates and residence ZIP codes were also listed for each record. (Responde nt IDs were also recorded for the verbatim responses so they could be prope rly linked to the primary data. Other basic processing steps included converting number valu es to numeric types and rea ssigning ‘999’ missing data codes used by Hays to blank values within the spread sheets so they would be properly treated during subsequent statistical tabulations performed in the spreadsheets.

Quality Assurance Review – Before response data were analyzed and tabulated into metrics used within the SIP inventories, a detailed set of data consistency and range checks were performed on the as-received data as provided by Hays. Examples of data consistency checks included

12 The primary file contains categorical/ numeric responses to most of the survey questions. Separate files were used to collect and provide “verbatim” responses to specific questions which did not involve categorical responses. For example, respondents were asked to briefly describe the t ypes of devices that landed into the generic “Other” device category discussed earlier.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1216 comparing devices used in the household recorded in the initial secti on of the survey with completed, valid responses in the appropriate device-specific “branc h” sections, or checking that annual fuel use was always greater than or e qual to winter season (O ct-Mar) fuel use. Range checks were also applied to responses for questions that involved numerical, rather than categorical responses. Plausible or theoretical limits were used to flag “outlier” values for specific questions (e.g., wood stove fu el use). Where possible, fla gged values were compared to other related responses for corroboration. For ex ample, fuel use entries (e.g., cords of wood or gallons of oil burned) were compared to respons es in the initial sec tion where the homeowner provided roughly percentage distributions of devi ce usage for each equipped device. If there was a large inconsistency between the two elements, the usage data were invalidated. As an example, if a respondent said they burned 10 cords of w ood in the winter (very large amount) but listed their wood device providing only 20% of total winter usage, then the wood use entry was marked

as invalid.

Most of the response data (generally 80% or high er) passed these consistency and range checks. For those that didn’t, in consistencies were reported to Hays. In some cases, transcription or survey logic errors were discove red. Transcription errors were then corrected. Survey logic errors (where the surveyor forgot to as devi ce specific questions for devices present in a household) were addressed by performing callbacks to specific respondents (or calling additional households when the initial respond ents were not available) in order to develop valid samples that met sample size targets of the survey (300 households in 2010 and earlier surveys, 700 households in 2011 and later surveys).

Tabulation of Key Results – A seri es of basic cross-tabulations we re prepared to examine results of the responses to each question in the surveys. Key results from these tabulations are presented separately below for the 2011 Home Heating Surve y. (As discussed later, results from the 2011 survey were primarily used in the SIP inventory calculations.)

Households Sample Size s and Multi-Device Usage - The first step in the analysis consisted of translating the cross-tabulated r ecord counts into fractional or pe rcentage distribu tions by device or fuel type so the survey results could be applied to update the em issions inventory. As described earlier, the initial section of the survey asked respondents to iden tify all of the specific type(s) of heating devices used in the household. Thus the survey accounted for use of multiple heating devices within each household. These instances of multiple device use within a household had to be properly accounted for in ta bulating the results to ensure that surveyed usage is correctly extrapol ated to the entire populati on of Fairbanks households.

Table 5.6-10 shows the sample sizes by ZIP code (including Cellphone house holds that could not be located by ZIP) in the first two rows. Th e number and percentage of sampled households are shown. In the highlighted row below, weightin g factors developed from the percentage of

households within each ZIP code based on the 2010 U.S. Census are shown. Comparing these weighting factors to the sample percentages just above, the sample percentages are in nominal, but not perfect agreement with the Census-based weightings. As described later, these weightings were used to adjust the sample d response data by ZIP (and unknown ZIP for the cellphone households) to genera te Census-weighted composites in addition to sample selfweighted averages.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1217 Table 5.6-10 2011 HH Survey Sample Size and Multiple Use Types

Parameter Cell

No ZIP Dntown

99701 Wnwrt a

99703 Nth Pole

99705 Airport

99709 Steese

99712 Univ

99775 All
Sample Size, Households 86 181 27 139 214 59 6 712

Sample Size, % of Sample 12.1% 25.4% 3.8% 19.5% 30.1% 8.3% 0.8% 100.0%

2010 Census Household Weightings

- 24.6% 4.7% 23.9% 34.3% 12.0% 0.5% 100.0%

Multi-Type Household Factor 1.56 1.31 1.52 1.58 1.61 1.76 1.33 1.53
Multi-Type Household Use % 45.3% 52.5% 37.0% 48.2% 40.7% 50.8% 50.0% 46.5%

a Also includes Birch Hill area

Next, Table 5.6-10 lists the multiple device usage fact ors that were calculated from the validated survey data. This “Multi Type Household Fact or” represents the ratio of the total number of devices used divided by the number of households. (For example, a factor of 2.0 would indicate an average of two devices in each household.) As seen in Table 5.6-10, there is a fairly consistent multi-type factor across all ZIP codes, with an average for the entire sample of 1.53. Finally, Table 5.6-10 shows the percentages of hous eholds with more than one heating device. As shown, over 46% of all surveyed hous eholds use multiple heating devices.

Device Counts and Usage Distributions – Table 5.6-11 summarizes the counts (number of households) of heating devices by device type and ZI P code from the survey sample. As seen in Table 5.6-11, central oil furnaces (564 total households) and wood-burni ng devices (240 total households) were the most commonly found home heating devices in the 712 household survey sample. The totals of all devices reported at th e bottom of Table 5.6-11 refl ect the fact that many households use more than one type of home hea ting device. These totaled counts, when divided by the number of households surveyed listed ea rlier in Table 5.6-10, match the Multi-Type Household Factors also reported in Table 5.6-10 (for example, within the Downtown area, 238 ÷ 181 = 1.31).

Table 5.6-12 presents the distributions of de vice usage percentages by ZIP code during the winter months (October-March). These usage percentages were determined from the survey responses to Q9a-Q9h where the respondents were asked to roughly estimate the percentage of time each household device is used during winter. The usage percentages in Table 5.6-12 are not

based on either the counts of household devices or the amounts of fuel used queried in later sections of the survey. The usage percentages have been properly normalized to account for multiple device use within a household as described in the preceding sub-section. As shown in Table 5.6-12, central oil furnaces are used betwee n 46% and 77% of the time across all ZIP code areas, with an average across the entire samp le of 68.0%. Wood-burning devices represent

14.8% of total wintertime device us age across the entire sample, w ith higher percentages in the outlying areas (North Pole, Airpor t and Steese) than in those n earer the city center (Downtown, Wainwright and University). As seen in Tabl e 5.6-12, households in the Wainwright/Birch Hill area have a much greater usage of District heating because of access to this underground

infrastructure.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1218 Table 5.6-11 2011 HH Survey Counts of Heating Device Types

(Number of Surveyed Households with Device)

Heating Device Type Cell

No ZIP Dntown

99701 Wnwrt a

99703 Nth Pole

99705 Airport

99709 Steese

99712 Univ

99775 All
Wood Burning 24 30 7 59 92 27 1 240

Central Oil Furnace 55 149 15 120 173 47 5 564

Portable Heat Device 8 6 2 6 10 3 1 36
Direct Vent Type 27 21 5 21 42 13 0 129

Natural Gas 6 8 6 3 3 1 1 28
Coal Heating 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 10
District Heating 2 9 4 1 4 1 0 21

Other 10 13 2 8 18 10 0 61

TOTALS 134 238 41 220 344 104 8 1089

a Also includes Birch Hill area

The rightmost column of Table 5.6-12 highlight s composite average device usage percentages using the 2010 Census household ZIP code weigh tings listed earlier in Table 5.6-10. These weighted averages were calculated using the Cens us-based household fractions (rather than the survey sample fractions) by ZIP code. Cell house holds with no known ZIP code were weighted into the Census composite based on their proportion with the sample (i.e., they were assumed to be proportionally distributed into each ZI P code based on the Census weightings).

Table 5.6-12 2011 HH Survey Distributions of Respondent-E stimated Winter Heating Usage Percentages by Device Type

Heating Device Type Cell

No ZIP Dntown

99701 Wnwrt a

99703 Nth Pole

99705 Airport

99709 Steese

99712 Univ

99775 All Census

Wtd.
Wood Burning 13.4% 6.2% 13.0% 22.0% 15.6% 24.1% 13.3% 14.8% 15.4%

Central Oil Furnace 54.2% 77.0% 45.7% 69.6% 69.9% 60.4% 65.8% 68.0% 67.5%

Portable Heat Device 1.3% 1.7% 0.3% 0.8% 0.3% 0.1% 4.2% 0.9% 0.8%
Direct Vent Type 23.0% 5.2% 6.9% 5.0% 10.1% 10.6% 0.0% 9.2% 9.4%

Natural Gas 4.7% 3.9% 21.5% 0.9% 1.4% 1.7% 16.7% 3.3% 3.2%
Coal Heating 0.0% 1.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.9% 0.3% 0.0% 0.6% 0.6%
District Heating 2.3% 3.9% 12.6% 0.0% 0.5% 0.1% 0.0% 1.9% 1.8%

Other 1.1% 1.0% 0.1% 1.5% 1.4% 2.7% 0.0% 1.3% 1.4%

a Also includes Birch Hill area

Wood-Burning Device Breakdowns – Despite the fact that the su rvey indicates wood-burning devices are used less than 20% of the time, th ey are a significant contributor to wintertimeEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1219 ambient PM 2.5 levels. Table 5.6-13 list s the breakdowns in the t ypes of wood-burning devices used within each surveyed ZIP code area. As shown, woodstoves represent an overwhelming majority of wood-burning devices in Fairba nks. Over 87% of the wood burning devices according to the Census-weighted survey sample are woodstoves. This is not surprising given their heating efficiency and the ability to locate the stove within the in terior of a residence.

Table 5.6-13 2011 HH Survey Distribution of Wood-Burning Devices (Percent of Households Sampled)

Wood-Burning

Device Type Cell

No ZIP Dntown

99701 Wnwrt a

99703 Nth Pole

99705 Airport

99709 Steese

99712 Univ

99775 All Census

Wtd.
Fireplace 4.3% 11.5% 16.7% 3.6% 5.6% 0.0% 0.0% 5.3% 5.3%

Fireplace with Insert 0.0% 19.2% 0.0% 7.3% 3.4% 3.7% 0.0% 5.7% 4.4%

Woodstove 82.6% 65.4% 83.3% 83.6% 89.9% 92.6% 100.0% 85.0% 87.1%

Outdoor Wood Boiler 13.0% 3.8% 0.0% 5.5% 1.1% 3.7% 0.0% 4.0% 3.3%

a Also includes Birch Hill area

As also shown in Table 5.6-13, fireplaces represen t most of the remaining wood-burning usage.

Those with inserts constitute 4.4% of the overall sample. Fireplaces with out inserts, which are extremely energy inefficient for space heati ng purposes, represent 5.3% of household wood devices. Outdoor boilers were only found in so me areas and represent 3.3% of the weighted survey sample.

Table 5.6-14 provides a further breakdown of th e splits between un-certified and certified fireplace inserts or woodstoves. It shows thatun-certified stoves/inserts represent about onequarter (25.2%) of the overall sample, alt hough the split varies si gnificantly by ZIP code, possibly the result of small sample sizes for some of the ZIP codes.

Table 5.6-14 2011 HH Survey Splits Between Un-Certified and Certified Fireplace Inserts/Woodstoves (Percent of Households Equipped)

Insert/Woodstove Certification Type Cell

No ZIP Dntown

99701 Wnwrt a

99703 Nth Pole

99705 Airport

99709 Steese

99712 Univ

99775 All Census

Wtd.
Un-Certified (<1988) 21.1% 23.8% 0.0% 23.9% 26.6% 12.0% 0.0% 22.4% 25.2%

Certified ( ≥ 1988) 78.9% 76.2% 100.0% 76.1% 73.4% 88.0% 100.0% 77.6% 74.8%

a Also includes Birch Hill area

These splits were compiled based on the responses to Q10a of the survey: “ Was your woodstove or insert installed before or after 1988?” Beginning in 1988, EPA set mandatory New SourceEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1220 Performance Standards (NSPS) 13 for new woodstoves and inserts. Smoke emission levels of 1988 and newer stoves meeting these EPA limits ar e generally 50-80% lower than from older un-certified units, so the split between un-certified and certified stoves has a significant effect on particulate emissions.

This survey question based on the device installation date may not truly represent the split

between EPA-certified and uncertified devices . Even though EPA established these NSPS, regulatory implementation still enabled device ma nufacturers to sell “w oodstove-like” devices that were not subject to the NSPS. As desc ribed in the following sub-section, a specialized survey was conducted in 2013 to identify and quantif y the fractions of these additional stove-like

devices in use in Fairbanks th at avoided NSPS certification.

Fuel Usage Rates and Costs - Table 5.6-15 summarizes average fu el usage rates (i.e., the amount of fuel used per season or year) and heating cost s by device type for households equipped with or using each device/fuel. These are not averages across all households.

Table 5.6-15 2011 HH Survey Wood Burning, Heating Oil and Ot her Fuel Usage Rates and Heating Costs per Equipped Household

Device Type Usage

Period Cell

No ZIP Dntown

99701 Wnwrt a

99703 Nth Pole

99705 Airport

99709 Steese

99712 Univ

99775 All Census

Wtd.

Stove/Insert Wood Use (cords) Annual 3.73 2.80 4.60 4.13 3.13 4.48 2.23 3.57 3.54

Winter 3.56 2.50 4.00 3.59 2.82 3.95 2.00 3.19 3.17

Fireplace Wood Use (cords) Annual 1.00 4.00 n/a n/a 1.33 n/a n/a 1.80 2.27

Winter 1.00 4.00 n/a n/a 1.00 n/a n/a 1.60 2.10

Outdoor Wood Boiler Use (cords) Annual 18.00 n/a n/a 19.67 30.00 2.00 n/a 18.14 21.25

Winter 11.33 7.00 n/a 19.67 30.00 2.00 n/a 14.67 16.29

Central Oil Use (gal) Annual 1,225 1,444 1,156 1,207 1,125 1,497 800 1,261 1,263

Winter 803 1,097 940 936 954 1,061 650 977 972

Portable Heater Fuel Use (gal) Annual 267 508 40 607 60 118 n/a 253 303

Winter 237 358 40 574 53 118 n/a 216 258

Direct Vent Heater Fuel Use (gal) Annual 460 421 75 543 337 779 n/a 436 450

Winter 400 392 70 488 278 719 n/a 383 400

Natural Gas Fuel Cost (dollars) Annual $2,275 $3,900 $1,725 $1,267 $2,300 $400 n/a $2,481 $2,202

Winter $1,606 $2,783 $1,225 $733 $1,650 $400 n/a $1,692 $1,548

District Heat Fuel Cost (dollars) Annual $144 $1,700 $229 n/a $4,833 $200 n/a $1,727 $2,474

Winter $105 $540 $167 n/a $4,667 $200 n/a $1,258 $2,067

a Also includes Birch Hill area n/a – Not applicable (i.e., indicates where a device wa s not found in the sample for a specific ZIP code) As shown in Table 5.6-15, households using either fireplaces with insert s or woodstoves burn an average of 3.54 cords annually and 3.17 cords of wood during wi nter months (October through

13 EPA certified woodstove smoke emission limits are 7.5 grams/hour and 4.1 grams/hour for non-catalytic and catalytic devices, respectively (http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/woodstoves.html)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1221 March) across the weighted survey sample. (The se averages were compiled from a sample size of 206 households using fireplaces with inserts or woodstoves.) As also shown in Table 5.6-15, households equipped with fireplaces (without in serts) burned less, using 2.27 and 2.10 cords annually and in winter, respectivel y. This is not surprising gi ven the significantly lower net heating efficiency of standard fireplaces compar ed to those with inserts or woodstoves. In contrast wood usage for outdoor wood boilers (OWBs) was much higher, averaging over 16 cords during winter. Although the sample size of OWB households in this survey was small (9 respondents), higher wood usage for these devices is consistent with the fact that they are generally used as a primary, rather than supplementa l heating source.

As reported in Table 5.6-15, households using ce ntral oil furnaces consume an average of 1,263 gallons of heating oil annually a nd 972 gallons during winter months alone. (These averages are

based on a total of 564 central oil fu rnaces identified in the survey.)

Table 5.6-15 also lists similarly tabulated average fuel amounts or costs for portable/kerosene heaters, direct vent heaters, natural gas-based heating, and municipal heating. The sample sizes these device-specific averages were tabulated fr om were generally much smaller than for woodburning and central heating devi ces. As such, they should be interpreted with caution.

Extrapolation of Survey Sample to Nonattainment Area – An impor tant element of the analysis consisted of extrapolating heating device coun ts and usage rates from the sample of 712 surveyed households to the entire hous ehold population within the Fairbanks PM 2.5 nonattainment area. The extrapolation was ba sed on the 2010 U.S. Census-based occupied household counts by ZIP code within the nonattain ment area. These Census-based household

counts within the nonattainment area are listed in the first row of Table 5.6-16. Based on the share of Cell households in the survey samp le, these Census counts were proportionally redistributed to reflect this Cell share as shown in the second row of Table 5.6-16.

Extrapolation factors or multipliers were then calculated from the number of households in an area (either an individual ZIP code or the entire area) from th e Cell-Distributed counts divided by the surveyed households for the same area. For example, the Downtown ZIP code (99701) area contains 6,517 households as listed in Table 5.6-16. Since a total of 181 households within that ZIP code were surveyed as reported earl ier in Table 5.6-10, the ca lculated extrapolation factor is 36.00 (6,517 ÷ 181).

Table 5.6-16 presents these extrapolated estimate s of the number of heating devices by ZIP code

area and across the entire Fairbanks PM 2.5 nonattainment area. The firs t row in the table lists the extrapolation factors calculated for each area to expand the survey sample to the entire population of households for each area. The remaining rows of the table present estimated counts of the number of devices by device type a nd ZIP code. The “short code” designations in the Device Type column of Table 5.6-16 identify each unique device type and clarify the subcategories and sub-totals reported within the wood-burning sector. As explained below Table 5.6-16, Electric Heat device counts were al so broken out from the Other category.

Table 5.6-16 2011 HH Survey Extrapolated Survey Heating Device Counts to PM 2.5 Nonattainment Area

Device Type PM 2.5 NA AreaEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1222 Cell

No ZIP Dntown

99701 Wnwrt a

99703 Nth Pole

99705 Airport

99709 Steese

99712 Univ

99775 ZIP Sum Extrap

Census-Based Households n/a 7,412 1,490 7,560 11,430 4,199 2 32,093 32,093

Cell-Distributed Households 3,876 6,517 1,310 6,647 10,049 3,692 2 32,093 32,093
Extrapolation Factor 45.07 36.00 48.52 47.82 46.96 62.57 0.29 n/a 45.07

1 - Wood-Burning Device 1,082 1,080 340 2,821 4,320 1,689 0 11,333 10,818

1a - Fireplace without insert 47 125 57 103 243 0 0 574 572

1b - Fireplace with insert 0 208 0 205 146 63 0 621 620

1c - Woodstove 894 706 283 2,360 3,883 1,564 0 9,691 9,198

Stoves & Inserts (1b+1c) 894 914 283 2,565 4,029 1,627 0 10,312 9,817

Stove/Ins, Uncertified 188 218 0 613 1,071 195 0 2,285 2,183

Stove/Ins, Certified 706 696 283 1,952 2,958 1,432 0 8,026 7,634

Stove/Ins, Cord Wood 800 914 226 2,360 3,980 1,562 0 9,842 9,427

Stove/Ins, Pellets 94 0 57 205 49 65 0 470 390

1d - Outdoor Wood Boiler 141 42 0 154 49 63 0 448 429

2 - Central Oil Furnace 2,479 5,365 728 5,738 8,124 2,941 1 25,376 25,422

3 - Portable Heater 361 216 97 287 470 188 0 1,618 1,623

4 - Direct Vent Heater 1,217 756 243 1,004 1,972 813 0 6,006 5,815
5 - Natural Gas Heating 270 288 291 143 141 63 0 1,197 1,262

6 - Coal Heat 90 72 0 96 94 125 0 477 451

7 - District Heat 90 324 194 48 188 63 0 906 947

8 – Electric Heat b 180 180 49 0 282 188 0 878 856

9 - Other 270 288 49 383 564 438 0 1,991 1,893

All Heating Devices 894 914 283 2,565 4,029 1,627 0 49,783 49,086

a Also includes Birch Hill area

b Electric Heat households and extrapolated device counts developed from processing verbatim responses with “Other” generic device group in survey responses. The “Other” counts shown below this row reflect all non-electric heat devices listed as Other in the survey.

The extrapolation of device counts from the survey sample to total households across the entire nonattainment area was performed two different wa ys: (1) by individual ZIP code and then summed; and (2) for the entire se lf-weighted sample. Table 5.6- 16, these total device counts for the nonattainment area are reported in the tw o rightmost columns labeled “ZIP Sum” and “Extrap,” respectively. As seen in comparing these columns, the counts differ slightly. This is likely due to propagation of round-off error from small sample sizes within each ZIP code when summed across all ZIP code areas reflected in the survey sample.

On this basis, a total of 11,333 wood-burning devices were estimated to be in use within the nonattainment area. Of these, 9,691 are free-sta nding woodstoves and 621 are fireplaces with inserts. From the combined total of 10,312 st oves/inserts, 2,285 were estimated to be uncertified (pre-1988). Fireplaces without in serts and outdoor wood boilers represent the remaining wood-burning devices; their counts within the nonattainment area are 574 and 448, respectively, as shown in Tabl e 5.6-16. As addressed below, the precision of device countEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1223 estimates are not necessarily accurate to the whol e integer values listed in Table 5.6-16. The whole integer values are simply shown in this ta ble to illustrate how they were calculated from the sample-to-nonattainment area extrapolation factors.

Statistical Uncertainty Analysis – In extrap olating devices counted in the 2011 HH survey sample to the entire nonattainment area, an addi tional issue that was addressed was the resulting statistical uncertainty. As shown in the precedin g tables, very small numbers of households with certain devices were found. Thus, an analysis of the uncertainties associated with proportional extrapolation of the household sample to th e entire nonattainment area was performed.

The results of this uncertainty analysis are presen ted in the next three tables. The estimates in these tables quantify the statistical uncertainty associated with extrapol ating the device usage distributions in the surveyed sample represen ted earlier in Table 5.6-12 through Table 5.6-14 to

all the households in the nonattainment area. In each of these tables, the standard error of proportion was used as the measure of statistical uncertainty. It represents the accuracy of each proportional (i.e., usage fraction) es timate in the sample, measured as the standard deviation of that proportion.

First, Table 5.6-17 presents standard errors of proportion associatedwith the respondentestimated usage fractions of each major device ty pe reported earlier in Table 5.6-12. The first value in each cell is the usag e fraction from Table 5.6-12; th e second value represents one standard deviation of this usage fraction. Fo r example, the fraction of wood-burning devices used in winter for the entire sample was 17.2% (as listed earlier in Table 5.6-12). Assuming device usage is normally distributed , the value of ±1.4% listed in the upper right cell in Table 5.6-17 means that the actual wood-burning usag e fraction lies between 14.0% (15.4 - 1.4) and 16.8% (15.4 + 1.4) with 68% probability. 14

As expected, the usage fraction estimates within i ndividual ZIP code areas have wider ranges of

standard error than the overall estimate across all areas because th e standard error estimates are related to sample size. As seen in the rightmost column in Table 5.6-17, the standard errors for heating device usage fraction are less than ±2% across the entire nonattainment area.

Similarly, Table 5.6-18 and Table 5.6-19 present Standard Erro r of Proportion estimates for proportional device usage within the wood-burning sector and betw een un-certified and certified woodstoves/inserts, respectively.

14 68% probability represents the probability of a normally-dis tributed sample within one standard deviation of its

mean.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1224 Table 5.6-17 2011 HH Survey Standard Error of Proportion for Respondent-Estimated Winter Heatin g Usage Percentages by Device Type

Heating Device Type Cell

No ZIP Dntown

99701 Wnwrt a

99703 Nth Pole

99705 Airport

99709 Steese

99712 Univ

99775 All Census

Wtd

Wood Burning 13.4%

±3.7% 6.2%

±1.8% 13.0%

±6.5% 22.0%

±3.5% 15.6%

±2.5% 24.1%

±5.6% 13.3%

±13.9% 14.8%

±1.3% 15.4%

±1.4%

Central Oil Furnace 54.2%

±5.4% 77.0%

±3.1% 45.7%

±9.6% 69.6%

±3.9% 69.9%

±3.1% 60.4%

±6.4% 65.8%

±19.4% 68.0%

±1.7% 67.5%

±1.8%

Portable Heat Device 1.3%

±1.2% 1.7%

±1.0% 0.3%

±1.0% 0.8%

±0.7% 0.3%

±0.3% 0.1%

±0.3% 4.2%

±8.2% 0.9%

±0.3% 0.8%

±0.3%

Direct Vent Type 23.0%

±4.5% 5.2%

±1.7% 6.9%

±4.9% 5.0%

±1.8% 10.1%

±2.1% 10.6%

±4.0% n/a 9.2%

±1.1% 9.4%

±1.1%

Natural Gas 4.7%

±2.3% 3.9%

±1.4% 21.5%

±7.9% 0.9%

±0.8% 1.4%

±0.8% 1.7%

±1.7% 16.7%

±15.2% 3.3%

±0.7% 3.2%

±0.7%

Coal Heating n/a 1.1%

±0.8% n/a 0.2%

±0.4% 0.9%

±0.6% 0.3%

±0.7% n/a 0.6%

±0.3% 0.6%

±0.3%

District Heating 2.3%

±1.6% 3.9%

±1.4% 12.6%

±6.4% 0.0%

±0.1% 0.5%

±0.5% 0.1%

±0.4% n/a 1.9%

±0.5% 1.8%

±0.5%

Electic Heating 1.1%

±1.1% 1.0%

±0.7% 0.1%

±0.5% 1.5%

±1.0% 1.4%

±0.8% 2.7%

±2.1% n/a 1.3%

±0.4% 1.4%

±0.4%

Other 13.4%

±3.7% 6.2%

±1.8% 13.0%

±6.5% 22.0%

±3.5% 15.6%

±2.5% 24.1%

±5.6% 13.3%

±13.9% 14.8%

±1.3% 15.4%

±1.4%

a Also includes Birch Hill area

n/a – Not available

Table 5.6-18 2011 HH Survey Standard Error of Proportion for Distribution of Wood-Burning Devices (Percent of Households Sampled)

Wood-Burning

Device Type Cell

No ZIP Dntown

99701 Wnwrt a

99703 Nth Pole

99705 Airport

99709 Steese

99712 Univ

99775 All Census

Wtd

Fireplace 4.3%

±4.2% 11.5%

±6.3% 16.7%

±15.2% 3.6%

±2.5% 5.6%

±2.4% n/a n/a 5.3%

±1.5% 5.3%

±1.5%

Fireplace with Insert n/a 19.2%

±7.7% n/a 7.3%

±3.5% 3.4%

±1.9% 3.7%

±3.6% n/a 5.7%

±1.5% 4.4%

±1.4%

Woodstove 82.6%

±7.9% 65.4%

±9.3% 83.3%

±15.2% 83.6%

±5.0% 89.9%

±3.2% 92.6%

±5.0% 100.0%

±0.0% 85.0%

±2.4% 87.1%

±2.2%

Outdoor Wood Boiler 13.0%

±7.0% 3.8%

±3.7% n/a 5.5%

±3.1% 1.1%

±1.1% 3.7%

±3.6% n/a 4.0%

±1.3% 3.3%

±1.2%

a Also includes Birch Hill area

n/a – Not available.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1225 Table 5.6-19 2011 HH Survey Standard Error of Proportion for

Un-Certified and Certified Stove/Insert Splits (Percent of Households Equipped)

Insert/Woodstove Certification Type Cell

No ZIP Dntown

99701 Wnwrt a

99703 Nth Pole

99705 Airport

99709 Steese

99712 Univ

99775 All Census

Wtd

Un-Certified (<1988) 21.1%

±9.4% 23.8%

±9.1% n/a 23.9%

±6.0% 26.6%

±4.9% 12.0%

±6.4% n/a 22.4%

±3.7% 25.2%

±4.0%

Certified ( ≥ 1988) 78.9%

±9.4% 76.2%

±9.1% 100.0%

±0.0% 76.1%

±6.0% 73.4%

±4.9% 88.0%

±6.4% 100.0%

±0.0% 77.6%

±13.0% 74.8%

±12.0%

a Also includes Birch Hill area

n/a – Not available.

Comparisons Across Surveys – Finally, Table 5.6- 20 presents a comparison of key tabulations

from each of the historical Fairbanks Home Heating surveys: 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and

2012. 15 The tabulations from all the historical surveys were re-wei ghted by ZIP code using the 2010 Census weightings for consistency when comparing results.

As Table 5.6-20 shows, the normalized fractions of winter device are fairly consistent over time, except for the fact that wood use fractions have headed upward while usag e in the generic Other category has trended down. It shows that w ood stoves, and recently, out door wood boilers have exhibited increased usag e within the wood-burning device sector . A large downward trend in the

fraction of uncertified stoves/insert s can also be seen in Table 5.6-20.

Table 5.6-20 also shows increasi ng (but still modest) penetrati on of pellet-burning stoves, rising from near zero in the 2006 and 2007 surveys to roughly 4% of total stove s/inserts in the three latter surveys.

In addition, the “Wood Source” section of Table 5.6-20 shows how the mix of where households acquire their wood has trended over time. Mo st wood-burning households cut their own wood (vs. purchasing it commercially ), although the “Cut Own” fracti on appears to have drifted downward in recent surveys as shown in Table 5.6-20.

Finally as shown in the lower section of Tabl e 5.6-20, winter season fuel use and heating cost

trends are mixed across the list of devices show n. Although both wood stove/insert and fireplace usage in households equipped with those devices have trended upward, ther e is significant year to year oscillation in the averages compiled from the survey data.

As highlighted in Table 5.6-20, the 2011 survey da ta were largely used in the baseline (2008) inventory as well as for the projected base line inventories (through 2019) although several options were considered as follows. Initially, thought was given to extrapolating estimates to 2008 using key results (e.g. usage splits) from the 2007 and 2010 surveys. This was

15 Although data were also collected under a 2013 Home Heating Survey, they have yet to be fully validated and processed as described earlier in this section. Thus, only comparisons/trends through the 2012 survey are shown.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1226 Table 5.6-20 Summary of Key Results from Historic al Home Heating Surveys (through 2012)

Statistic Parameter Survey Results

2006 a 2007 a 2010 2011 2012

Average Winter Device Use by Type (% of Household Use) Wood 10.8% 12.4% 18.2% 15.4% 19.1%

Central Oil 68.6% 64.8% 67.2% 67.5% 68.2%

Portable 0.7% 0.5% 0.1% 0.8% 0.1%

Direct Vent 8.1% 7.0% 8.0% 9.4% 6.9%

Natural Gas 2.4% 2.0% 4.2% 3.2% 3.0%

Coal Heat n/a n/a 0.5% 0.6% 0.4%

District Heat 2.0% 0.8% 1.1% 1.8% 1.9%

Electric Heat n/a n/a n/a 0.0% 0.1%

Other 7.5% 12.5% 0.8% 1.4% 0.3%

Wood Burning Type (% of Wood-Burning Devices) Fireplace 12.6% 17.1% 7.0% 5.3% 4.2%

Fireplace + Insert 8.2% 5.6% 6.1% 4.4% 4.0%

Woodstove 79.2% 77.2% 85.3% 87.1% 89.1%

Wood Boiler n/a n/a 1.6% 3.3% 2.7%

Wood Stove/Insert Cert Type (% of Woodstoves/Inserts) <1988 (Un-Certified) 52.0% 46.7% 35.7% 25.2% 22.8%

≥ 1988 (Certified) 48.0% 53.3% 64.3% 74.8% 77.2%

Wood Stove/Insert Wood Type (% of Woodstoves/Inserts) Cordwood 99.8% 100.0% 95.8% 96.7% 95.9%

Pellet 0.2% 0.0% 4.2% 3.3% 4.1%

Wood Stove/Insert Wood Source (% of Woodstoves/Inserts) Buy 27.0% 28.0% 36.5% 26.8% 36.2%

Cut Own 71.1% 60.6% 50.2% 62.1% 49.0%

Both (Buy & Cut) 1.8% 11.4% 13.4% 11.1% 14.8%

Stove/Insert Wood Use (cords), Winter Winter Season 3.14 2.84 3.51 3.17 3.68

Fireplace Wood Use (cords), Winter Winter Season 0.82 0.81 4.09 2.10 2.76

Central Oil Use (gallons), Winter Winter Season 1,172 1,027 819 972 874

Portable Heater Fuel Use (gal lons), Winter Winter Season 97.1 241.9 59.1 257.8 22.5

Direct Vent Heater Fuel Use (g allons), Winter Winter Season 470 514 487 400 383

Natural Gas Heating Fuel Cost (d ollars), Winter Winter Season $1,414 $1,287 $1,346 $1,548 $1,622

Municipal Heating Fuel Cost (dollars), Winter Winter Season $70 n/a $1,452 $2,067 $1,112

a Winter usage in these surveys encompassed October-Ma y; later survey winter usage spanned October-March.

rejected in favor of simply using the 2011 resu lts to represent 2008 condi tions for two reasons. First, the 712-household sample size was more than double that of the prior surveys (~300 households). Second, the 2011 survey specificall y targeted cellphone households while prior surveys used land line-only phone databases to select and contact resi dents which may have biased results from those surveys.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1227 For the projected baseline inventories beyond 2 008, consideration was given to using the 2012 survey data given that it showed a “renewed ” upward trend in normalized wood device usage compared to 2011 (19.1% vs. 15.4%) and usage per equipped household (3.68 cords vs. 3.17 cords) as shown earlier in Table 5.6-20. Ho wever, looking at the ra nge in year-to-year variations of key metrics across the surveys s een in Table 5.6-20, it wa sn’t clear if the 2012 results represented a persistent upward wood use tr end, or just sample variation. Ultimately, a decision was made to use the 2011 data to represent projected baseline conditions with one exception explained below. The State plans to continue these annual hom e heating surveys and if they show a sustained upward shift in wood use, those results would be reflected in future SIP projected baselines.

The key exception to use of the 2011 data for th e projected baseline inve ntories was the clear

downward trend in the fraction of uncertified wood stoves and inserts, dropping from 52.0% in

2006 to 22.8% in 2012 as shown earlier in Table 5.6-20. Although as discu ssed in the Control Program section of the SIP, the Borough began a program to change out older, uncertified stoves/inserts in mid-2010, “natural ” turnover in stoves from uncerti fied to newer, certified (and cleaner) stoves clearly preceded the effects of the Borough program. Thus as described in further detail later in the “Survey Data Use in SIP Inventories” sub-section, this downward trend in uncertified stoves/inserts was developed using da ta from all available Home Heating surveys.



### S PECIALIZED 

### W OOD 

### ‐B URNING 

### H OUSEHOLD 

### S URVEYS

In additional the annual Home Heating survey s described in the preceding section, ADEC and the Borough also commissioned two specialized surveys in early 2013 that focused on woodburning devices and practices. Unlike the Home Heating surveys which randomly sampled all residential households, these specialized surv eys targeted only wood-burning households and are

summarized as follows:

1. Wood Tag Survey – A telephone survey of 216 households in which respondents were asked a series of questions about their wood de vices related to estab lishing whether it was certified or not and if so, what emission rating (in grams/ hour) and output (in BTU/hour) were stamped on the device’s “tag” or certifica tion label. Information was also collected on the make, model and installation date of the devices (when available) that was used in conjunction with EPA’s published lis ts of certified stoves/inserts 16 and hydronic heaters 17
to look up emission ratings, technology type (catalytic vs. non-catalytic) and energy output. The survey also contai ned specific questions related to current participation in wood-related emission control programs, in cluding existing Borough programs as well as likelihood of switching to natural gas under expanded availability of natural gas anticipated over the next several years. Fina lly, the survey also included questions about other devices and usages within the h ousehold beyond the wood-burning devices upon which the survey was primarily focused. As with the Home Heating surveys, the sampling was performed in a stratified ma nner, randomly sampli ng households within

nonattainment area ZIP codes based on ta rgeted sample sizes developed from 2010 Census household weightings by ZIP code.

16 http://www.epa.gov/Compliance/reso urces/publications/monitoring/ caa/woodstoves/c ertifiedwood.pdf

17 http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/owhhlist.htmlEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1228 2. Wood Purchase Survey – A separate survey of 217 w ood-burning households within the nonattainment area (again with 2010 Census -weighted targeted sampling by ZIP code)

was conducted to ascertain more detailed info rmation about patterns in households that commercially purchase their wood and that cu t it themselves. Much like the branching elements of the Home Heating surveys, sp ecific sets of questions were asked in households that bought wood from those that cut their own. For wood buyers, questions centered around purchased wood: the supplier and their reas ons for using them, whether wood was split or in rounds or whole logs, etc. For respondents who cut their wood, questions included the source (p rivate or public land), whethe r a permit was obtained, etc. For both wood source types, respondents were also asked questions related to moisture content and the drying/seas oning period for their wood.

In addition to the specific questions asked within each of these two wood-burning surveys, respondents in both surveys were asked a series of questions about the price premium they would be willing to pay for purchased of pre-dried w ood given that dry wood t ypically produces about 25% more heat per cord than wet wood. These que stions were intended to gauge interest and potential participation in a lo cal control program designed to expand use of fully-dry wood.

Attachment A lists the survey script and que stions contained in the 2013 Wood Tag and Wood Purchase surveys (following the Ho me Heating survey script).

Key Findings Across Tag and Purchase Surveys – Before summarizing findings from the unique questions within each speciali zed wood household survey, tabulat ions of several key results common to both surveys are presented as follows.

Wood-Burning Device Distributions – Table 5.6-21 presents a side -by-side comparison of the mix of primary wood-burning devices used in sampled households from the Tag and Purchase surveys (each with sample sizes of over 200 households as noted earlier). As shown,

distributions of wood devices between the two surveys are in general agreement.

Both surveys show that woodstoves repres ented well over 80% of primary wood-burning devices. (Pellet and co rdwood stoves from the Tag survey to taled 87.8%, these splits were not available from the Purchase survey.). This is consistent with woodst ove fractions from the Home Heating surveys shown earlier in Tabl e 5.6-13 and Table 5.6-20. However, the 17.7% pellet stove fraction from the 213 Tag survey was noticeably higher than that observed in more recent Home Heating surveys (which averaged roughly 4%).

Both the Tag and Purchase surveys also exhibite d slightly higher fractio ns of fireplaces, 7.8% and 9.5%, respectively than those seen in rece nt Home Heating surv eys (roughly 5%), although higher fireplace fractions were seen in earlier surveys prior to 2010 as reported in earlier Table

5.6-20.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1229 Table 5.6-21 2013 Wood Survey Wood-Burning Device Distributions

(Percent of Households Sampled, Census Weighted)

Wood-Burning

Device Type Wood Tag Survey Wood Purchase Survey
Woodstove (cordwood) 70.1% 82.1% Woodstove (pellet) 17.7%

Fireplace Insert 0.4% 3.4%

Fireplace (no insert) 7.8% 9.5%

Outdoor Wood Boiler 3.6% 3.2%

Other 0.5% 1.7%

Wood Source Mix - Table 5.6-22 compares the splits in the source of household wood between the Tag and Purchase surveys. As shown, these splits are very consistent, with households that cut their own wood outnumbering those that purch ase their wood commercially by about a 3-to-1 margin, with roughly 15-20% of sampled homes using a mixture of purchased and personally

harvested wood. This relative 3-to-1 ratio of Cut vs. Buy group households represents a higher split of Cut households than reported from recent Home Heating surveys. As shown earlier in Table 5.6-20, the Cut vs. Buy household splits ra nged from 1.5 to 2-to-1 in the 2010-2012 Home Heating surveys.

As explained later in the “Fairbanks Wood En ergy and Moisture Content” section of this appendix, the Buy vs. Cut wood source splits are important because of ev idence that indicates

homeowners that cut their own wood tend to season (and dry) it l onger than those who buy their wood. Thus this split affects the overall wood moisture level.

Table 5.6-22 2013 Wood Survey Wood Source Mix (Percent of Households Sampled, Census Weighted)

Wood Source Group Wood Tag Survey Wood Purchase Survey
Buy 22.4% 19.9%

Cut Own 63.1% 57.7%
Both (Buy & Cut Own) 14.5% 22.3%

Cost of Firewood – In both the Tag and Purchase survey s, respondents in th e Buy group (those that purchased some or all of their firewood) were also questioned about the price they paid (excluding any delivery fee). The results were very consistent across both surveys and are listed

as follows.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1230 Survey Avg. Price ($/cord) Range Sample Size Tag $233 $100-$400 50
Purchase $227 $89-$400 60

In these 2013 surveys, the aver age price paid for firewood was about $230 per cord (excluding delivery fee). Under the Purchase survey, Buy group respondents were also asked about delivery fees. About 72% paid no delivery fee (or picked up the wood themselves). For the remaining 28% that paid a fee, the average was $293 alt hough values varied from $40 to $700 and the phrasing of the question was vague in specify ing the price per cor d, delivery or season.

Willingness to Pay More for Dried Wood – Both wood surveys also included a series of questions intended to measure willingness to sp end more on commercially-purchased wood that is fully dried before being sold. The questions were identically phrased in both surveys and were directed to those households that buy all or a portion of their firewood. They were asked in a staged manner as follows: “Knowing that dry wood provides 25 percent more heat than wet wood, would you pay $25 more per cord for dry wood?” For those who answered yes, the question was then repeated w ith the threshold raised to $50, then $75, and finally $100.

Responses are summarized in Table 5.6-23. Fo r each staged question, the percentage who responded affirmatively is shown. In parenthesis next to each pe rcentage is the ratio that was used to calculate it (number answering “yes” di vided by total definitive answers). The table shows that the percentage of people willing to pay each specified amount for dry wood was fairly consistent between both the Tag and Purchase surveys, but in no case was the difference statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. 18 Thus, the data from two surveys were combined in the rightmost column of Table 5.6-23 to provide the most robust estimate of the surveyed responses (129 combined households that buy wood).

Table 5.6-23 2013 Wood Survey Willingness to Pay for Dry Wood Distribution of Wood-Burning Devices (Percent of Households Sampled)

Pay More for Dry Wood? % Willing to Pay (#yes/total) Willingness to Pay Combined Surveys Wood Tag Survey Wood Purchase Survey

$25/cord more 73.5% (36/49) 72.5% (58/80) 72.8%

$50/cord more (if ‘yes’ to above) 38.6% (17/44) 46.5% (33/71) 43.5%

$75/cord more (if ‘yes’ to above) 16.3% (8/44) 13.6% (9/66) 15.5%

$100/cord more (if ‘yes’ to above) 14.6% (7/43) 4.6% (3/65) 9.3%

18 In general, large sample sizes are necessary to det ect small differences between two percentages (see, for example, Snedecor et al, Statistical Methods, 1980).EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1231 Key Tag Survey Findings – As noted earli er, the Tag survey sampled 216 wood-burning

households in the Fairbanks nonattainment area. The primary objective of the survey was to obtain a reasonably size subset of households with certified w oodstoves/fireplace inserts (or Phase 1 or 2-qualified outdoor wood boilers) and have respondents provide cer tification

information about the device such as its smoke ra ting (particulate emission rate in grams/hour), heating efficiency and heat outpu t (BTU/hour) by reading these data from the certification label or “Tag” stamped on the device. Table 5.6-24 lists the distribution of primary wood-burning devices from the surveyed sample in the “All ” column. For each device, it also shows the

breakdown between devices identified as unc ertified/unknown or EPA-certified based on the respondents answers to the question: “Is your device certified, or does it have a certification

label?” (Certification label information was only solicited for woodstoves, inserts and outdoor

wood boilers. As noted with “n/a” in the “Cer tified” column of Tabl e 5.6-24, certification data was not applicable to fireplaces or othe r devices not explicitly identified.)

Table 5.6-24 2013 Tag Survey Wood-Burning Device Distributions (Number of Households)

Wood-Burning

Device Type Sample Size

All Uncertified/

Unknown Certified Certified,

Label Read
Woodstove (cordwood & pellet) 189 92 97 18
Fireplace Insert 1 1 0

Fireplace (no insert) 17 17 n/a n/a

Outdoor Wood Boiler 8 3 5 1

Other 1 1 n/a n/a

Totals 216 114 102 19

As shown in the highlighted “Certified, Labe l Read” column in Table 5.6-24, once respondents were asked to actually read information from the device certification label (or provide via follow-up postcard solicitations) few could or did. Label visibili ty or access were likely the primary factors for getting few “Label Read” responses.

Fortunately, respondents were al so asked to provide make, m odel and model year of their woodstoves, inserts or outdoor wood boilers. A to tal of 95 respondents were able to provide this information. These responses (where available) were then compared to EPA’s published lists 19
of certified woodstoves/inserts and outdoor hydroni c heaters (i.e. outdoor wood boilers). For

devices that could be matched to EPA’s lists (and are therefore certified), emission rate, efficiency and heat output data were looked up. Using this approach, th e initial sample of 19 devices for which complete label data were av ailable was expanded to a total of 68 certified devices (67 stoves/inserts, 1 out door wood boiler) with compiled em ission rate, efficiency and heat output data.

19 http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/appliances.html , circa January 2013.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1232 Certified Woodsto ve/Insert Levels - Table 5.6-25 presents ta bulated emission rates (in grams/hour) and heat output ranges (in BTU/ hour) for those woodstoves/inserts for which

certification data were availabl e. Separate sample sizes a nd averages are shown by technology type (catalytic vs. non-catalytic). As shown, th e analysis sample was split roughly 60%/40% for catalytic and non-catalytic certified woodstoves/inse rts. Average particulate emission rates (i.e. certified smoke rating) are highlighted in the middle column. Across the entire sample, the average PM emission rate was found to be 2.48 gr ams/hour as shown at the bottom of Table 5.6- 25. Based on this sample, Fairbanks certified w oodstoves/inserts are quite clean compared to EPA’s existing certified woodst ove emission standards of 7.5 gr ams/hour and 4.1 grams/hour for non-catalytic and catalytic devices, respectively.

Table 5.6-25 2013 Tag Survey Certified Woodstove/Ins ert Emission Rates and Output by Technology Type

Technology Type Sample Size Avg. Emission Rate (grams/hour) Avg. Output (BTU/hour)

N Pct. Minimum Maximum
Catalytic 40 59.7% 2.23 10,740 36,541
Non-Catalytic 27 40.3% 2.86 10,871 34,714

Totals/Averages 67 100.0% 2.48 10,793 35,805

Figure 5.6-28 shows the distributi on of emission rates for the certi fied stoves/inserts from the Tag survey sample. Each interval shows the perc entage of devices in th e survey sample between

the indicated rate and that to its immediate left. For example, 34% of the devices (23 out of 67) had certified emission rates of 2.0 to 2.5 grams/ hour. Summing the frequencies from Figure 5.6- 28 cumulatively, 31% and 66% of the stoves /inserts were below 2.0 gram/hour and 2.5 gram/hour levels, respectively.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1233 Figure 5.6-28 Distribution of Tag Survey Certified Stove Emission Rates (grams/hour)

True Uncertified Device Fraction – Responses to specific questions from the Tag survey were

also used to evaluate what is believed to be a biased (low) estimate of the percentage of

uncertified woodstoves/inserts from the Home Heating surveys. As discussed earlier, the Home Heating surveys do not attempt to get respond ents to examine thei r wood devices for the presence (or absence) of an EPA certification la bel. The installation date question (1988 and earlier vs. post-1988) from the Ho me Heating surveys is used as a “proxy” to estimate the

fractions of woodstoves/inserts that are not EPA-certified, but as discussed earlier “woodstovelike” devices that are excluded from EPA’s wood h eater regulations have been observed for sale in Fairbanks retail outlets. Thus, the more definitive label information (or lack thereof) from the Tag survey presented an opportunity to estimate a true uncertified w oodstove/insert fraction.

Out of 128 definitive responses (i.e. removing “don’t know” responses) from Tag survey woodstove/insert households, 89 were found to have a certification labe l or tag (although as noted earlier not all could be read by the re spondents). The remaining 39 when ZIP code Census-weighted represented a “true” uncer tified stove/insert fr action of 32.2%.

As shown earlier in Table 5.6-20, the proxy-based uncertified stove fraction estimates from the Home Heating surveys have been on a steady do wnward decline (in part based on the fixed installation date cutoff). Thus in order to make an equivalent co mparison to the true uncertified fraction from the 2013 Tag survey, this Home Hea ting proxy trend was extrapolated forward to 2013 using a fitted exponential curve approach illus trated in Figure 5.6-29. The diamond shaped marker points are the proxy-based uncertified st ove fractions from Table 5.6-20. (Values for 2008 and 2009 shown as gray markers in were interpolated from the 2007 and 2010 survey fractions.) 0% 7% 9% 18% 34%

9% 9%

6%
3%

0% 1% 1% 1% 0%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0PercentageofDevices

Certified Emission Rate (grams/hour)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1234 Figure 5.6-29 Curve-Fitted Forecast of 2013 Proxy-Based Home Heating Survey Uncertif ied Stove/Insert Fraction

A least-squares exponential curve wa s fitted to these data as shown by the dashed line and used to forecast a proxy-based estimate to 2013, shown as a red marker in Figure 5.6-29. This 2013 forecasted proxy-based uncertifi ed stove fraction was 20.76%.

The difference between the two 2013 estimates (true vs. proxy) of the uncertified stove fraction was 11.47% (32.23% - 20.76%) and was assumed to represent the “offset” that accounted for the underreported uncertified stoves in the Home Heating pr oxy-based approach. (How this offset was used in the SIP inventory is di scussed in the next sub-section.)

The 39 Tag survey responses used to represent the true uncertified stove/ins ert fraction were also further examined to cross-check the approach used to calculate this proxy offset. 34 of the 39 “true” uncertified device respondents provide d installation/age in formation for their stoves/inserts; 18 (53.4%) were installed on orbefore 1988; 16 (46.6%) after 1988. The post1988 split was then multiplied by the true uncer tified stove fraction of 32.2% to produce a “proxy-equivalent” estimate of 15.0% (32.2% × 46.6%), which compares reasonably with the

11.47% offset estimated above.

Natural Gas Expansion – Two questions were included in th e Tag survey to gauge willingness of existing wood-burning households to switch to us ing natural gas under a planned expansion of natural gas availability being guided by the Al aska Interior Development Energy Authority (AIDEA).

The first question asked respondents to estimate the retail price gas would need to be offered at to get them to switch from wood (and heating oi l). To make the ques tion easier to understand 

### y = 1.6957E+121e

‐ 1.3945E

‐ 01x



### R2 = 9.3679E

‐ 01

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Proxy‐BasedUncertifiedStoveFraction

Survey YearEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1235 and the answers more meaningful, the price questi on was asked on a heating oil equivalent basis: “If natural gas becomes available, what gas pr ice would get you to st op burning wood (in $/gal equivalent of heating oil)?” Out of 140 definitive responses, the average gas price was $2.17 per gallon on an oil equivalent basis. 102 of th e 140 respondents, or 72.8% indicated willingness to switch to gas if offered at $2.00 gallon equivalent , about half of the curre nt heating oil price.

The second question dealt with the potential need of wood-burning househol ds that switch to gas

to continue to burn wood on extrem ely cold days (less than -30 ° F) for reasons such as ensuring particular rooms or areas of the house stayed warm. Of the 185 definitive responses to this question, 37.9% (71 respondents) indicated they ma y still feel the need to use their wood devices on cold days, even after switchi ng their house to natural gas.

Wood Species Mix – Finally, responses were also tabulated from the question asking homeowners to identify the predominant species of firewood they burned. Out of a total of 191 valid responses, the ZIP code Census-weight ed composite fractions were as follows:

 Birch (paper birch) – 46.4%;

 Spruce (white spruce) – 34.1%; and

 “Aspen” (black/white poplar) – 18.5%.

Key Purchase Survey Findings – Beside result s summarized earlier in conjunction with the Tag survey, a key finding from the Wood Purchase survey was the mix of whole logs (or round) versus pre-split logs purchased. At the time of purchase the 81 responses were split as follows:

 Split – 31 or 38.3%;

 Whole/Rounds – 40 or 49.4%; and

 Both – 11 or 12.3%.

A follow up question was asked of those purchas ing whole logs/rounds ab out when they split their wood, ‘as needed’ or ‘on de livery.’ Roughly 44% said ‘as needed’, the remaining 56% responded ‘on delivery.’

Normalizing these tabulation to remove the ‘B oth’ responses and account for splitting by the homeowner after delivery, the mix of split vs. whole/round logs was calculated to be roughly

75% vs. 25%.



### S URVEY 

### D ATA 

### U SE	IN 

### SIP I NVENTORIES

As pointed out in the preceding sections, a vari ety of telephone-based re sidential surveys have been conducted in Fairbanks dating as far back as early 2006 in order to ascertain information about local space heating practices, as well as thei r trends over time. This sub-section clarifies two specific elements of these surveys that were utilized to calculat e space heating emissions

within the SIP inventories. It also descri bes how they were applied as inputs in these calculations. Except where explicitly noted, th ese inputs were based on the 2011 Home HeatingEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1236 survey. It was selected over earlier survey s to represent 2008 base line inventory heating practices because of its larger sample si ze and inclusion of ce ll phone-reached households.

Device Energy Usage Splits by ZIP Code – As disc ussed earlier, the Home Heating survey data included tabulations of the mix of heating de vices in sampled homes and rough estimates of wintertime use percentages provided by the responde nt at the beginning of the telephone survey. Later in the device-specific s ections of the survey, respondent provided estimates of winter season (and annual) fuel use (e.g., cords of wood or gallons of heating oil) or costs (amount spent per winter month on natural gas or District heat).

A key input to the home heating energy model as discussed earlier under the “Development of Energy Model” section of this appendix was th e seasonal average device energy use mix in the household. In the SIP inventory application of the energy model, this winter average household device energy use split was developed and applie d from ZIP code-specifi c tabulations of device energy use splits developed from the 2011 Home Heating survey data. However, instead of using the roughly estimated splits provided by respondents at the be ginning of the survey, more robust splits were calculated fr om the seasonal fuel use data provided later in the survey.

These calculations were performed by convertin g average seasonal fuel use (for each equipped device in the household) into energy use by multip ly by each fuel’s specific energy content. Table 5.6-26 lists the energy contents assu med for each fuel and their data sources.

Table 5.6-26 Assumed Energy Contents of Space Heating Fuels in Fairbanks

Fuel Energy

Content Units Source/Notes

Wood, dry 13.5 mmBTU/ton Alaska Department of Natural Resources http://forestry.alaska.gov/pdfs/firewood.pdf

, Wood density = 1.56 tons/cord

Heating Oil #1 125,000 BTU/gal Cold Climate Housing Research Center (energy content for #1 oil in heating appliance survey)

Heating Oil #2 138,500 BTU/gal North American Combustion Handbook,

from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating_oil

Fairbanks #1 & #2 Blend 132,000 BTU/gal Fairbanks Natural Gas, http://www.fngas.com/calculate.html

Kerosene 135,000 BTU/gal http://generatorjoe.net/html/energy.asp

Natural Gas 1,015 BTU/ft 3 Fairbanks Natural Gas, http://www.fngas.com/calculate.html Gas cost = $2.34 per 100 ft 3

Coal 15.3 mmBTU/ton http://www.usibelli.com/Coal-data.php

Electric 3,413 BTU/kWh Fairbanks Natural Gas, http://www.fngas.com/calculate.html Electricity cost = $0.180 per kilowatt-hour (kWh)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1237 Multiplying by these fuel energy contents, average winter season fuel use estimates from the 2011 Home Heating survey were then translated in to winter season energy use estimates. These calculations were performed by ZIP code. Average fuel use for each fuel and device type for all

households within each ZIP code was converted to average winter season energy use estimates by ZIP code. For device categories such as natura l gas and electric heat, fuel cost rather than fuel use data were collected in the survey si nce it was easier for res pondents to provide cost rather than usage data for these categories. Ta ble 5.6-26 lists the unit cost s for these fuels that were used to translate the survey data into seasonal fuel use.

The results of these energy use calculations are presented in Ta ble 5.6-27. Actual energy use (winter season BTUs per household) has been translat ed into normalized percentages in the table. Based on the availability of separate emission factors for specific device/fuel combinations, splits from the survey data were stratified in to the categories shown in Table 5.6-27. The energy use estimates for the cell phone households were proportionally distributed into each ZIP code based on their share of the survey sample and 2010 Census weightings.

Table 5.6-27 2011 Home Heating Survey Winter Seas on Energy Use Splits by ZIP Code

Fuel Group Device/Fuel Type Pct. of Winter Season Energy Use by ZIP Census Wtd. Avg. 99701 99703 99705 99709 99712 99775

Wood-Burning Stoves, cordwood 6.18% 20.32% 17.46% 20.52% 19.63% 11.41% 16.10%
Stoves, pellet 0.09% 3.05% 0.35% 0.25% 1.20% 0.09% 0.48%

Inserts, cordwood 1.38% 0.00% 1.96% 0.42% 1.09% 0.00% 1.09%
Inserts, pellet 0.00% 0.00% 0.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.23%
Fireplaces 0.49% 0.03% 0.77% 0.99% 0.03% 0.03% 0.65%

Outdoor Wood Boilers 1.95% 1.15% 7.58% 3.69% 1.58% 1.15% 3.81%

Oil-Burning Central Oil 78.98% 60.66% 63.64% 65.06% 62.49% 84.42% 67.72%

Portable Heaters 1.41% 0.83% 1.56% 0.56% 0.85% 0.36% 1.06%

Direct Vent Heaters 3.19% 3.40% 4.11% 5.92% 10.60% 1.78% 5.24%

Gas Natural Gas Heat 5.46% 9.99% 1.12% 1.21% 1.71% 0.63% 2.70%

Coal Coal Heaters 0.58% 0.13% 0.45% 0.30% 0.77% 0.13% 0.45%

Steam District Heat 0.29% 0.42% 0.01% 1.08% 0.05% 0.01% 0.47%

Totals 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Highlighted rows in Table 5.6-27 refer to those devices for which in-use measurements were collected under the aforementioned CCHRC study, a nd which were used to construct the home heating energy model. These hi ghlighted energy use pe rcentages were regrouped into the splits listed in Table 5.6-28 for use in driving this portion of the energy model input. As explained later in the “Space Heating - Em ission Calculation Details” sec tion, emissions for those devices not represented in the CCHRC study (those not highlighted in Table 5.6-27 and Table 5.6-28) were calculated from their proportional energy use outside the energy model.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1238 Table 5.6-28 Regrouped Winter Season Energy Use Split s by ZIP Code for Energy Model Input

Fuel Group Device/Fuel Type Pct. of Winter Season Energy Use by ZIP Census Wtd. Avg. 99701 99703 99705 99709 99712 99775

WoodBurning 1 – Stoves 7.65% 23.37% 20.75% 21.19% 21.92% 11.50% 17.67%
2 – Fireplaces 0.49% 0.03% 0.77% 0.99% 0.03% 0.03% 0.62%

3 – OWBs 1.95% 1.15% 7.58% 3.69% 1.58% 1.15% 4.41%

OilBurning 4 - Central Oil 78.98% 60.66% 63.64% 65.06% 62.49% 84.42% 66.20%

5 - Direct Vent Heat 3.19% 3.40% 4.11% 5.92% 10.60% 1.78% 6.14%

Portable Heaters 1.41% 0.83% 1.56% 0.56% 0.85% 0.36% 1.24%

Natural Gas Natural Gas Heat 5.46% 9.99% 1.12% 1.21% 1.71% 0.63% 2.79%

Coal Coal Heaters 0.58% 0.13% 0.45% 0.30% 0.77% 0.13% 0.52%

Electric Electric Heat 0.29% 0.42% 0.01% 1.08% 0.05% 0.01% 0.41%

Instrumented Study Subtotals 92.26% 88.62% 96.86% 96.86% 96.62% 98.87% 95.04%

Totals 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Forecasted Trends in Uncertified Stoves/Inserts – As discussed earlier in summarizing the key findings from the 2013 Wood Tag survey, EPA cer tification data obtained for woodstoves and inserts sampled under that effort enabled develo pment of an offset or correction factor to upwardly revise underreported fr actions of uncertified stoves/in serts from the Home Heating

surveys.

Table 5.6-29illustrates how this offset was used in conjunction with development of trends in the split between certified and uncertified stoves/insert s over time that were applied in representing

their effects in both the ba seline (2008) and projecte d baseline (2015, 2017 and 2019)

inventories. The first column in Table 5.6-29 lists the uncorrected fr actions of uncertified

stoves/inserts tabulated from the annual Home Heating surveys dating back to the inaugural survey in 2006. (As noted ear lier, 2008 and 2009 fractions were interpolated from 2007 and 2010 survey results.) The 11.47% co rrection factor determined from the Tag survey is shown in

the next column and was assumed to be a constant offset over time. (In the absence of additional corroboratory data other than that collected in the 2013 Tag survey and given that the law under

which uncertified woodstove-like de vices has not changed, it was be lieved that a constant offset adjustment over time was reasonable.)

The remaining columns of Table 5.6-29 show th e corrected splits between uncertified and certified (both non-catalytic and catalytic) stoves/inserts from the historical Home Heating surveys after applying the offset adjustment to th e uncertified fractions. The shaded cells in the table highlight the corrections to the uncertified fractions ove r time. For example in 2008, the Home Heating survey-based estimate of 43.05% was increased by 11.47% to yield a corrected estimate of 54.52%. After applying this correction fo r each historical calenda r year, the splits for the remaining certified non-catalyt ic and catalytic were proportiona lly renormalized as shown in

the next two columns of Table 5.6-29.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys

III.D.5.6-1239 Table 5.6-29 Corrected Splits and Trends in Uncert ified and Certified Stoves/Inserts

Calendar

Year Home Heating Survey-Based

Uncertified Pct. Tag Survey

Offset Corrected Percentages

Uncertified Certified, Non-Catalytic Certified, Catalytic Total

2006 52.01%

+11.47% 63.47% 27.24% 9.29% 100.00%

2007 46.73% 58.20% 31.93% 9.87% 100.00%

2008 43.05% 54.52% 31.94% 13.54% 100.00%

2009 39.37% 50.84% 31.51% 17.66% 100.00%

2010 35.69% 47.16% 30.62% 22.23% 100.00%

2011 25.16% 36.62% 38.29% 25.08% 100.00%

2012 22.76% 34.23% 41.22% 24.56% 100.00%

2013 32.23% 42.47% 25.30% 100.00%

2014 29.52% 44.16% 26.31% 100.00%

2015 27.17% 45.64% 27.19% 100.00%

2016 25.13% 46.92% 27.95% 100.00%

2017 23.35% 48.03% 28.62% 100.00%

2018 21.80% 49.00% 29.19% 100.00%

2019 20.46% 49.85% 29.70% 100.00%

As shown in the italicized lower section of Table 5.6-29, estimat es of uncertified stove/insert fractions over time out to 2019 (the latest inventory projection y ear) were forecasted to continue

their natural downwar d trend observed from 2006 through 2012 survey data using the exponential curve and equation presented earlie r in Figure 5.6-29 and the constant 11.47% additive adjustment. The corrected splits and tr ends in Table 5.6-29 were applied to represent

stove/insert uncertified/certified fractions in the baseline and pr ojected baseline SI P inventories.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1240 

### H OME 

### H EATING



### – F AIRBANKS 

### W OOD 

### E NERGY AND 

### M OISTURE 

### E FFECTS

For biofuels such as wood, the moisture level ha s a significant effect on the net heating energy

when the fuel is burned as well as on resulti ng emission factors (mass emissions of pollutant per unit mass of fuel). Energy content of the local ly-available firewood species must also be

accounted for. This section of the Emission Inventory Technical Appendix describes how Fairbanks-specific wood energy an d moisture effects were account ed for within the Residential Space Heating sector of the SIP inventories.

The section begins by summarizing the sources and methods used to estimate the energy content of Fairbanks-specific wood used in home heating. It also contains a disc ussion of basic concepts in representing and accounting for heating energy effects of wood as a f unction of its moisture content. Next, the data and sources used to es timate baseline moisture levels across the spectrum

of Fairbanks wood burners are described. The fi nal sub-section documents how these elements

were combined to calculate e ffects of moisture content on w ood-burning emissions within the

SIP inventories.



### F AIRBANKS 

### W OOD 

### E NERGY 

### C ONTENT

The energy content per unit volume of fire wood varies by over a factor of two 20 , depending on the species of the wood. Although energy cont ent per unit mass shows much less variation across wood species, firewood is cut, purchased and stacked/store d on a volumetric basis (e.g., in cords) and therefore understandi ng the types/mix of Fairbanks firewood species is important.

Common woods in the conterminous U.S. typically exhibit an average en ergy content of roughly 8,500 BTU/lb on an oven dry (i.e. bone dry) basis. In EPA’s AP-42 emission factor database, residential wood burning emissi on factors are based on an en ergy content of 17.3 mmBTU/ton 21
(equal to 8,650 BTU/lb).

(As discussed in the detail in following sub-sect ion, wood moisture also ha s a significant effect on its effective energy content or heating value. Therefore wood energy content is generally reported on a fully-dried basis, or at a reference moisture level. This sub-section deals solely with energy content variations by wood speci es, irrespective of moisture level.)

To better represent the energy content of fi rewood burned for space heating in Fairbanks, information on the relative usage of local wood speci es used in residential heating was collected from a 2013 “Wood Tag” survey of 216 randomly -selected wood-burning households located within the Fairbanks NAA. The three predominan t local firewood species are: 1) Birch; 2) White Spruce; and 3) Aspen. Local firewood call ed “Aspen” is actually a mix of white poplar (American Aspen) and black poplar (Cott onwood) species that grow in the area.

20 “Firewood BTU Content Char ts,” Chimney Sweep Online, http://www.chimneysweeponline.com/howood.htm

. 21 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/a p42/ch01/final/c01s10.pdfEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1241 Table 5.6-30 lists the relative us age fractions for each of the three primary local wood species (Birch, Spruce and Aspen) tabula ted from the 2013 Wood Tag survey responses. It shows that Birch and Spruce are the most commonly used firewood species.

Table 5.6-30 Fairbanks Firewood Usage Splits and Energy Content by Species

Parameter Local Wood Species

Composite Birch Spruce Aspen

Usage Fraction 46.4% 35.1% 18.5% 100%

Energy Content (BTU/lb) a 8,126 8,518 8,252 8,119

a Assuming 0% moisture or oven dry basis.

Table 5.6-30 also shows energy contents assume d for each specie (on an oven dry basis), based on Alaska-specific data 22 published by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources (ADNR). The energy contents shown in Table 5.6-30 are adjusted to an oven-dry basis from the ADNR values, which reflect 20% moisture content, or “air dry” conditions. As highlighted in the rightmost column of Table 5.6-30, the composite energy cont ent of Fairbanks firewood (weighted by the specie-specific usage percen tages) was estimated to be 8,119 BTU/lb on an oven dry (OD) basis.



### W OOD 

### M OISTURE	AND 

### E NERGY 

### R ELATIONSHIP

When harvested, wood has a certain amount of wate r or moisture suspended within its mass.

The amount of moisture in wood is referred to as its moisture content (MC). Wood moisture content is generally defined on a pe rcentage basis relative to either:

1. the mass of the wood including its water (wet basis, wb); or

2. the mass of the wood excluding the water (dry basis, db).

Wood moisture levels are rigorously measured in the laboratory by meas uring the mass of wood before and after placing it in a drying oven (where all its suspended water is evaporated). For example, if a piece of wood had a wet mass (bef ore drying) of 1.25 lb and a dry mass of 1.00 lb, its moisture content on both a wet or dry basis would be calculated as follows:

MC Wet (MC wb) = (Mass Wet - Mass Dry ) ÷ Mass Wet = (1.25 – 1.00) ÷ 1.25 = 0.20 or 20% MC Dry (MC db) = (Mass Wet - Mass Dry ) ÷ Mass Dry = (1.25 – 1.00) ÷ 1.00 = 0.25 or 25%

Moisture levels also affect how wood energy co ntent is reported, depe nding on what state the wood’s suspended water molecule s are in after being vaporized during combustion. Gross or

22 “Purchasing Firewood in Alaska,” Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, http://forestry.alaska.gov/pdfs/firewood.pdf

.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1242 Higher Heating Value (HHV) energy content includes energy associated with the latent heat of vaporization of moisture with in the wood when condensed after combustion. Net or Lower Heating Value (LHV) energy content excludes this latent heat of vaporiz ation. Under bone dry conditions, both heating values are the same. At moisture levels other than 0%, LHV energy

content is lower than that ba sed on the HHV. The equations be low, excerpted from the U.S. Department of Energy Biomass Energy Data Book 23 and converted to English units, show how wood HHV and LHV vary by wood moisture content.

ࢂࡴࡴ ൌ 	 ࢂࡴࡴ ࢟࢘ࢊ ൈ ሺ૚ െ ࡯ࡹ ࢈࢝ ሻ (4)

ࢂࡴࡸ ൌ 	 ࢂࡴࡴ ࢟࢘ࢊ ൈ ሺ ૚ െ ࡯ࡹ ࢈࢝ ሻ െ ૚૙૞૙	࡯ࡹ ࢈࢝ ) 5 (

Where:

HHV = higher heating value (BTU/lb) which includes latent heat of vaporization;

LHV = lower heating value (BTU/lb) which excludes latent heat of vaporization;

HHV dry = laboratory-measured energy content or bone dry HHV (BTU/lb);

MC wb = wood moisture content (%, wet basis); and

1050 = a constant that represents the latent heat of vaporization (at 25 ° C).

Table 5.6-31 presents calculated Fairbanks wood energy content (on both an HHV and LVH basis) as a function of various moisture le vels, expressed on both a wet and dry basis.

Table 5.6-31 Fairbanks Wood Energy Content ( BTU/lb) vs. Moisture Content (%)

MC Wet (%) MC Dry (%) HHV (BTU/lb) LHV (BTU/lb) %HHV Reduction Relative to Oven Dry

0.0% 0.0% 8,119 a 8,119 a 0%

5.0% 5.3% 7,713 7,661 5.0%

10.0% 11.1% 7,307 7,202 10.0%

15.0% 17.6% 6,902 6,744 15.0%

20.0% 25.0% 6,496 6,285 20.0%

25.0% 33.3% 6,090 5,827 25.0%

30.0% 42.9% 5,684 5,369 30.0%

35.0% 53.8% 5,278 4,910 35.0%

40.0% 66.7% 4,872 4,452 40.0%

45.0% 81.8% 4,466 3,993 45.0%

50.0% 100.0% 4,060 3,535 50.0%

a Based on composite bone dry energy content for local firewood mix.

23 B. Boundy, et al., “Biomass Energy Data Book: Ed ition 4,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Report No. ORNL/TM-2011/446, September 2011.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1243 The specific value to use depends on the com bustion device and application. Wood burning devices used in residential space heating cannot recover latent heat energy from water vapor produced during combustion. Therefore their heating value or efficiency in the real world would be based on the LHV. This approach is used in Europe. In the U.S. however, residential wood device heating value specifications and efficien cies have traditionally been published on an HHV basis, including data reported th rough EPA’s woodstove certificati on standards. In order to be consistent with U.S. published data and efficien cy ratings (used later in emission inventory and control measure calculations), HHVs were used to account for moisture effects in residential wood burning.

Wood Moisture and Emissions – The energy cont ent vs wood moisture relationship shown in

Table 5.6-31 results in a comme nsurate or proportional imp act on wood-burning emissions. Relative to any “reference” moistu re level, the amount of additional wood that must be burned is directly related to the difference in energy c ontent between the actual and reference moisture

levels. The relative reduction in HHV-based energy content at any moisture level relative to 0% (Oven Dry) moisture content is shown in the highlighted column in Table 5.6-31. The reduction in relative HHV is mathematically equal to the wet-basis moisture content.

Beyond this proportional HHV vs. moisture cont ent impact, emissions from wood-burning devices are also affected by factors that reduce optimum combustion conditions. Wood burning

devices are tested for emissions and efficiency performance with “air dry” wood in a moisture content range of about 18% to 28% (15% to 22% wet basis) to re presents the normal range most people use or should use. Both higher and lower moisture content can have significant negative

consequences 24 . High moisture reduces efficiency and makes it harder to start and sustain good secondary combustion. This is due to its cooling effect that slows down combustion and cools the gases produced by pyrolysis. Very dry wood tends to burn faster and can evolve gases at a rate that outstrips the ability of most heating de vices to supply adequate air, resulting in oxygen

starvation. This can cause higher emissions, pulsating co mbustion and overheating.

Available literature that quantifies these moistu re-driven combustion eff ects on resulting device emission levels is extremely limited. In a comparative analysis 25 of wood device testing results from both laboratory measurements and in-hom e instrumented studies, Houck (2012) observed that any clear relationship that wood moisture alone might have with emissions is clearly obscured by other real-world variables. Earlier studies 26,27 also note the difficulty in isolating the

moisture-combustion effect on emission rates in hi storical test measurements and suggest its magnitude is smaller compared to othe r sources of variation in the data.

24 R. Curkeet, “Wood Combustion Basics,” Intertek Worldwide, EPA workshop presentation, March 2, 2011, http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/workshop2011/WoodCombustion-Curkeet.pdf

25 J. Houck, “A Comparison of Particulate Emission Rates from the In-Home Use of Certified Wood Stove Models

with U.S. EPA Certificati on Emission Values and A Comparison between In-Home Uncertified and Certified WoodStove Particulate Emissions,” prepared for Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association, February 1, 2012. Docket EPAHQ-OAR-2009-0734.

26 R. Curkeet and R. Ferguson, “EPA Wo od Heater Test Method Variability Study,” prepared for Hearth, Patio and Barbecue Association, October 6, 2010.

27 J. Houck and P. Tiegs, “Residential Wood Combustion Technology Review Volume 1. Technical Report,” prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report No. EPA-600/R-98-174a, December 1998.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1244 Although the observed literature acknowledges a moisture-combusti on effect on device emission rates, a statistically significant relationship isol ating this effect does not appear to have been developed. Therefore, wood-burni ng emissions in the SIP inventories are based solely on the moisture-energy content e ffect described earlier.



### B ASELINE 

### M OISTURE 

### L EVELS

Having developed estimates of local firewood sp ecies and their energy content and identifying

effects of wood moisture conten t on effective energy content (o r HHV), the next step consisted of assembling baseline wood moisture levels fo r firewood burned in Fair banks during winter. Two primary data sources were used:

1. Usage splits developed from Fairbanks home h eating surveys on fractions of households that purchase wood sold commercially vs. those that cut their own wood (Cut group);

2. Wood moisture measured from the wood- burning homes in the aforementioned CCHRC Home Instrumentation study (used to the de velop the space heati ng energy model; and

3. Moisture measured in experimental wood piles under a second CCHRC study 28

.

Wood Source Groups - In each of the residential ho me heating surveys, residents were asked to identify the source of wood used in their home categorized as follows:

 Buy - those that they purchased commercially;

 Cut – those that cut their own wood; and

 Both – those using a mixture of wood they cut themselves and purchased commercially.

Table 5.6-32 shows the “Wood Source” results ta bulated from the home heating surveys. Results shown for the 2008 inventory baseline were interpolated from wood source data collected in the 2007 and 2010 Home Heating su rveys. Data for calendar year 2013 were developed from the “Wood Tag” survey. (Thi s survey targeted wood-burning households and had roughly twice the sample of wood burning re spondents than in each home heating survey).

Since the fraction of Buy vs. Cut wood sources in households that responded “Both” was not known from the surveys, this re sponse was not used. As highlighted at the bottom of Table 5.6- 32, the fractions of Buy and Cut wood source gro ups from each historical survey were then

renormalized.

Once the household fractions within each wood source group were tabulated, separate data sources were used to estimate average wood moistu re levels within each group. This distinction

was made to account for the fact that homeowners who cut their own wood tend to be those that have built storage sheds with ample capacity and season or dry their wood for longer periods than those purchasing wood commercially.

28 “Wood Storage Best Practices in Fairbanks, Alaska,” pr epared by Cold Climate Housing Research Center, June 27, 2011.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1245 Table 5.6-32

Fairbanks Residential Surve y Wood Source Fractions

Wood Source Group 2008 Interp. HH Survey 2011 HH Survey 2012 HH Survey 2013 Tag Survey

Buy Wood 30.8% 26.7% 36.2% 22.4%

Cut Own 57.1% 62.1% 49.0% 63.1%

Both (Buy & Cut) 12.1% 11.1% 14.8% 14.5%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Normalized, Buy 35.0% 30.1% 42.5% 26.2%

Normalized, Cut 65.0% 69.9% 57.5% 73.8%

Cut Group Moisture – As noted earlier, homeowner s who cut their own w ood (rather than buying it commercially) tend to be thos e who pre-plan and generally have constructed wood storage sheds or areas on their property. During the CCHRC Home Instrumentation study, it was observed that a number of the wood-burning part icipants in that st udy (the Mixed and Wood households) appeared to fit this profile of homeowners that cut their wood and had on-site storage for it. The moisture content of the wood stacks from each of these Mixed and Wood households in the Instrumented study was measur ed at the time of the instrumentation (Dec 2010-Feb 2011).

In the absence of any additional detailed data, it was assumed that the average wood moisture content from these 20 households provided a re asonable estimate of the wood moisture for homeowners in the Cut group. Tabl e 5.6-33 lists the measured moistu re content (dry basis) from the wood samples taken from each of these househol ds. Moisture levels ranged from a low of 17% to a high of 58%, with an average of 26.6% shown at the bottom of Table 5.6-33.

Half of the measured moisture levels were in the “air dry” range (from 17% to 21%). This is

consistent with anecdotal evidence noted earl ier that homeowners who cut their own wood tend to properly store their wood and allow for a drying period of at least several months. And since the moisture measurements were taken during mi d-winter, they are repr esentative of winter season modeling episodes.

Thus the average moisture content from this sample of 26.6% was assumed to reasonably approximate wood moisture for the Cut group of households.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1246 Table 5.6-33 Estimated Cut Group Moisture Content Based on CCHRC Instrumentation Study Wood Samples

CCHRC Household ID Moisture Content (%, db)

1 25%

2 18%

3 17%

4 27%

5 20%

6 18%

7 33%

8 18%

9 38%

10 20%

21 21%

22 31%

23 24%

24 24%

25 19%

26 32%

27 58%

28 20%

29 21%

30 48%

Sample Average 26.6%

Buy Group Moisture – Wood moisture content fo r the Buy group of wood-burning households was developed from CCHR’s “Wood Storage Pr actices” study. This study consisted of experimental development and testing of mois ture content different types (wood species) and storage/covering practices. Wood was cut and stored at two diffe rent points during the year:

1) Spring Harvest – wood cut in late May, simulating those homeowners that plan ahead and allow wood to dry over summer; and

2) Fall Harvest – wood cut in mid-September, simula ting those that wait until fall to cut

wood for immediate use in winter.

After each harvest, the wood was stored in diffe rent configurations that included a simulated wood shed and tarp covered, and uncovered stacks. Both whole log and split log stacks were prepared. Moisture measurements were then taken from randomly-selected logs within eachEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1247 stack at different durations af ter each initial harvest at r oughly two month intervals, from immediately after stacking to up to 12 months later.

Table 5.6-34 lists the moisture levels (dry basis) measured by CCHRC for the Spring and Fall harvest cuts by storage method, wood type and seasoning period (i n months from cut shown in green shaded cells above the month each moisture measurement was conducted.).

Table 5.6-34

Moisture Content Measurements from CCHRC Wood Storage Practices Study

Spring Harvest Moisture Conten t by Sampling Month (%, db)

Storage Method Seasoning Months  0 1.5 3 8 10 12

Wood and Log Type Late May July Late Aug Jan March May

Simulated Wood Shed Birch – split 52% 20% 18% 15% 15% 15%

Simulated Wood Shed Birch – whole) 52% 30% 25% 29% 28% 24%

Simulated Wood Shed Spruce – split 86% 16% 17% 15% 15% 15%

Simulated Wood Shed Spruce – whole 86% 28% 21% 23% 24% 17%

Simulated Wood Shed Aspen – split 76% 26% 20% 15% 15% 15%

Simulated Wood Shed Aspen – whole 76% 49% 44% 40% 33% 26%

Tarp Covered Birch – split 49% 21% 20% 15% 15% 15%

Tarp Covered Birch – whole 49% 28% 31% 32% 29% 25%

Tarp Covered Spruce – split 86% 22% 22% 35% 27% 18%

Tarp Covered Spruce – whole 86% 67% 30% 29% 26% 23%

Uncovered Birch – split 57% 19% 35% 46% 38% 17%

Uncovered Birch – whole 57% 29% 32% 52% 39% 25%

Uncovered Spruce – split 77% 17% 19% 15% 15% 15%

Uncovered Spruce – whole 77% 29% 27% 47% 29% 17%

Solar Kiln Aspen – split 59% 24% 16% 15% 15% 15%

Solar Kiln Aspen – whole 59% 38% 32% 34% 31% 27%

Fall Harvest Moisture Content by Sampling Month (%, db)

Storage Method Seasoning Months  0 4 6 8

Wood and Log Type Mid Sept Jan March May

Simulated Wood Shed Birch – split 80% 49% 42% 30%

Simulated Wood Shed Birch – whole) 80% 55% 56% 47%

Simulated Wood Shed Spruce – split 85% 63% 40% 37%

Simulated Wood Shed Spruce – whole 85% 77% 72% 51%

Simulated Wood Shed Aspen – split 83% 63% 51% 34%

Simulated Wood Shed Aspen – whole 83% 65% 57% 48%

Tarp Covered Birch – split 78% 63% 70% 49%

Tarp Covered Birch – whole 78% 67% 62% 57%

Tarp Covered Spruce – split 92% 117% 101% 84%

Tarp Covered Spruce – whole 92% 80% 85% 89%EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1248 Boldface yellow shaded cells in Table 5.6-34 were or iginally marked as “Dry” by CCHRC. A

moisture level of 15% was assumed for these measurements. Italicized tan shaded cells denote moisture levels interpolated from adjacent measurements that we missing in the original data.

These data were used to develop separate esti mates of Cut group wood moisture for the JanuaryFebruary and November modeling episodes with in the SIP inventories by using measured

moisture levels from each harvest in these mont hs. Before doing so, it was necessary to estimate splits in wood use by harvest, log type and storage method.

In consultation with ADEC, it was assumed that 25% of wood sold commercially was cut in spring, with the remaining 75% harvested during fa ll. Greater weight wa s given to the fall cut due to the short and yearly vary ing length of the spring wood cutt ing window, which is affected by the timing of the spring thaw and breakup. Summer months exhibit wet, boggy conditions that can be worsened by thunderstorms, which makes wood harvesting di fficult. Early fall is generally when most wood cutting and harvesti ng occurs, and when commercial wood sellers have a better idea of firewood demand for the upcoming winter months.

Next, the fraction of whole versus split logs was assumed to be evenly divided: 50% whole and 50% split. Not that these are fr actions that reflect the state of the logs over duration they are stored in a stack, not the stat e of logs when burned. (Data collected later under the 2013 Wood Purchase survey roughly corroborate this assumpti on. The resulting composite moisture level is not strongly sensitive to the mix between whole and split logs based on the CCHRC measurements listed in Table 5.6-34.)

In addition, to represent a com posite estimate of storage method-driven difference in moisture content, the “Tarp Covered” values in Table 5.6-34 were used and assumed to represent a midrange wood storage method in terms of its effect iveness in reducing moisture during seasoning. (For Aspen, moisture levels were based on th e “Simulated Wood Shed” measurements since Tarp Covered data were not av ailable for that wood species.)

Given these weighting/selection assumptions, Ta ble 5.6-35 presents average moisture levels by specie (birch, spruce, aspen) for January-Februa ry and November, with composites calculated across harvest, log type and storage method. For example, the moisture content for birch during the January-February period was calculated as follows:

MC birch,Jan = 25% × (50% × MC spring,birch,Tarp,Jan,split + 50% × MC spring,birch,Tarp,Jan,whole ) + 75% × (50% × MC fall,birch,Tarp,Jan,split + 50% × MC fall,birch,Tarp,Jan,whole ) = 0.25 × (0.50×15% + 0.50×32%) + 0.75 × (0.50×63% + 0.50×67%)

= 54.6%

The highlighted column in Table 5.6-35 shows th e weighted average moisture content for Buy group wood across all three wood sp ecies for each modeling episode. These averages were calculated using the relative usag e factors for each species (lis ted earlier in Table 5.6-30) of 46.4%, 35.1% and 18.5% for birch, sp ruce and aspen, respectively.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1249 Table 5.6-35 Average Buy Group Moisture Content by Wood Species and Modeling Episode

Episode Measurement Month(s) Moisture Content by Species (%, db) Wtd. Avg. MC (%, db) Birch Spruce Aspen

Jan-Feb Jan 54.6% 81.9% 54.9% 64.2%

Nov Interpolation from Aug/Se p and Jan 59.8% 78.7% 62.6% 66.9%



### C ALCULATION	OF 

### M OISTURE 

### E FFECTS

Once Fairbanks wood-specific energy content and mo isture content estimates were developed for each type of wood source (Buy vs. Cut), wood mois ture effects were calculated by combining elements from the preceding sub-sections to produce composite estimates for both the 2008 Baseline and projected baseline s. These calculations are described separately below.

2008 Baseline – The normalized 2008 Buy vs. Cut wood fractions shown earlier in Table 5.6-32 (35% and 65%, respectively) were used to re present wood source splits during 2008. (As noted earlier, these 2008 splits were interpolated from results ta bulated from 2007 and 2010 Home Heating surveys). These wood source splits were combined with separate moisture levels estimated for each source group (Buy vs. Cut), to generate weighted composite moisture level across both source groups as shown below in Table 5.6-36. As seen in Table 5.6-36, the composite wood moisture contents (db) for the 2008 Baseline were 39.8% and 40.7% for the January-February and November episodes, respec tively. The nominally higher moisture content in November compared to January-February is du e to the fact that wet wood cut earlier in the year has less time to season and dry by Novemb er compared to the following January-February.

Table 5.6-36

Calculation of 2008 Baseline Wood Moisture Effects

Source Group Usage

Fraction (%) Moisture Content (%, db) by Modeling Episode

Jan-Feb Nov

Buy 35.0% 64.2% 66.9%

Cut 65.0% 26.6% 26.6%

Composite 100 % 39.8% 40.7%

Energy Content (EC)

HHV (BTU/lb) 5,928 5,889

EC Relative to Energy Model (26.6%, db) 0.906 0.900EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1250 The last two rows in Table 5.6-36 show the re sulting moisture-affected energy content (as HHV in BTU/lb) and the energy content (EC) rela tive to the reference EC on which the earlier residential heating energy model is based. Th e moisture level-specific HHVs were calculated using the energy content vs. moisture relations hip shown earlier in Equation (4) and Table 5.6- 31. (As explained earlier, the energy model’s refere nce EC is the same as that of the Cut group since that was how the Cut group moisture level wa s estimated.) These relative ECs highlighted in the bottom row of Table 5.6-36 were applied to the BTU estimates generated by the energy model to adjust effective heating energy to refl ect composite wood moisture levels within each episode for 2008 Baseline conditions.

2015 and 2019 Projected Baselines – As shown earli er in Table 5.6-32, there appears to be a general trend toward higher fr actions of wood use in the Cut group versus the Buy group, despite some year-to-year oscillation. This was confirme d by results tabulated from a parallel effort to the 2013 Wood Tag survey called the Wood Purchase survey in which a separate set of over 200 residential wood-burning househol ds were polled about their wood purchase or self-cutting practices. The wood source splits tabulated from the 2013 Wood Purchase survey of 25.6% Buy and 74.4% Cut were very similar to those from the Wood Tag survey of 26.2% and 73.8% as shown earlier in the rightmost column of Table 5.6- 32. This shift toward greater use of self-cut wood appears reasonable as heating oil prices have drifted upward in recent years and residents become more committed to and plan for us e of wood as a secondary heat source.

As a result, it was assumed that this shift to ward a higher fraction of self-cut wood could be applied in 2013 and later calendar years and was t hus used to represent Buy vs. Cut splits for the 2015 and 2019 projected baseline inventories. Tabl e 5.6-37 below is similar to that presented for the 2008 Baseline and shows the resulting effects of this shift to more cut wood in representing wood moisture levels and energy content e ffects assumed for the 2015 and 2019 projected

baselines.

Table 5.6-37 Calculation of 2015 and 2019 Projected Baseline Wood Moisture Effects

Source Group Usage

Fraction (%) Moisture Content (%, db) by Modeling Episode

Jan-Feb Nov

Buy 26.2% 64.2% 66.9%

Cut 73.8% 26.6% 26.6%

Composite 100 % 36.5% 37.2%

Energy Content (EC)

HHV (BTU/lb) 6,072 6,041

EC Relative to Energy Model (26.6%, db) 0.928 0.923EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fair banks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects

III.D.5.6-1251 As shown in Table 5.6-37, projected baseline mois ture contents (db) of 36.5% and 37.2% for the January-February and November episodes, respec tively are nominally lower than those for the 2008 Baseline. These lower levels are driven by the higher Cut group fraction of drier wood that that of the Buy group, highlighted in yellow in Table 5.6-37. They result in commensurate nominal increases in energy conten t relative to the 2008 baseline as shown at the bottom of Table

5.6-37.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors

III.D.5.6-1252 

### H OME 

### H EATING



### – OMNI AND 

### AP

‐ 42 E MISSION 

### F ACTORS

In support of more robust SIP emission estim ates, the Borough and ADEC have sponsored

several local measurement studies designed to better quantify PM 2.5 and related emissions in

Fairbanks in the winter. A ke y element of this coordinated effort was the FNSB-sponsored study 29 of emission factors from re sidential space heating appliances and fuels, which was conducted in 2011 by OMNI-Test La boratories, Inc. (OMNI).

The OMNI study provided the first and most co mprehensive systematic attempt to quantify Fairbanks-specific, current technology-based emi ssion factors from space heating appliances and fuels. The laboratory-based emission testing stu dy consisted of 35 tests of nine space heating appliances, using six typical Fair banks fuels. Both direct PM emissions and gaseous emission precursors of PM (SO 2 , NO
x , VOC and NH 3 ) were measured, along with PM elemental profiles.

All emission tests were conducted at OMNI’s la boratory in Portland, Oregon. Supporting solid fuel, liquid fuel, and bottom ash analyses were performed by Twin Ports Testing, Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), and Columbia Analyt ical Services, respectively. PM profiles of deposits on Teflon filters from dilution tunnel samp ling were analyzed by the Research Triangle Institute using XRF, ion chromatogr aphy, and thermal/optical analysis.

This section focuses on how Alaska-specific em issions data from the OMNI study data were used to complement EPA’s more generic AP- 42 Compilation of Emission Factors database for space heating sources. As describe d in detail in the following s ub-sections, the overall approach consisted of using the Fairbanks-specific OMNI emission factor data, where available and

reasonable. Where OMNI measurement data were not available, AP-42 emission factors were

used.



### E MISSION 

### F ACTORS	FOR 

### W OOD 

### ‐B URNING 

### D EVICES

The main focus of the OMNI study was wood bur ning appliances and fuels because of their apparent significant contribution to PM 2.5 in the Fairbanks nonattainme nt area. Specific wood burning space heaters were selected for testing by OMNI either because they represented popular

conventional models in interior Alaska or more advanced models, such as newer EPA-certified wood stoves and EPA-qualified phase 2 Outdoor Wood Hydronic Heaters (OWHHs), that are expected to be representative of future trends. A dditionally, one pellet heater was tested. In all,

20 of OMNI’s 35 tests were conducted on wood-fired units.

OMNI’s wood burning tests used fuel loadings and test protocols generally as prescribed by EPA Method 28 and related EPA sampling methods. However, to provide the most realistic representation of Alaskan wood bur ning, split cordwood was used, ra ther than “crib wood” (i.e., dimensional lumber) as prescribed in the test method. In addition, OMNI used White Spruce and Paper Birch (with bark), the two most common co rdwood fuels in Fairbanks, rather than the Douglas Fir prescribed in the test method. Loca lly produced Alaska wood pellets were used for the pellet heater.

29 “Measurement of Space Heating Emissions,” OM NI-Test Laboratories, Inc., May 23, 2013.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors

III.D.5.6-1253 OMNI’s emission factor results are expressed in various forms, including emissions per kg of dry wood (similar to AP-42 emissions factors) . However, testing was performed using representative Fairbanks fuel samples with as-re ceived moisture levels. More specifically, the cordwood and other solid fuels tested by OMNI we re collected in Fairbanks under typical fuel storage conditions and preserved to maintain moisture levels prio r to their use in testing. In addition, solid fuels were tested for moisture content by OMNI imme diately prior to each test.

EPA test procedures were used as the basis fo r OMNI’s emission testing, with adaptations as needed to improve the representativeness of te sting or its practicality. (OMNI’s study report provides more details.) EPA Method 28 was followe d for solid fuel loadings and test duration. However, Method 28 specifies four different firing rates for each device, in effect requiring four different tests for each appliance/fuel combinati on and then weighting the results to obtain both annual and heating season average emission valu es. Unfortunately, this ideal approach of conducting four tests for each appliance/fuel comb ination was not affordable for Fairbanks due to the size of Alaska’s required appliance/fuel test matrix.

The solution for Fairbanks was to conduct Method 28 testing for each app liance/fuel at either “low” firing rate or “low” and “max” firing rates only. The “low” firing rate was defined to be a

nominal rate of 35% of maximum load. This load was selected by FNSB for two reasons. First, it is very close to and only slightly above the heating season average weighted load for a Method 28 test, which is 34%. Second, it is very close to, and only slightly below, the center of the range for the most frequent (i.e., most heavily we ighted) mode of the Method 28 test, which is Category 3. (This Category has a firing rate of 25–50% of maximum, and it is weighted at 0.450 for the heating season average, i.e. it accounts fo r nearly half of the firing during the heating season.) By also including a maximum firing ra te where practical (co rresponding to Category 4 of Method 28), the Borough attempted to capture both the average (g/kg) emission factor (primarily for emission inventory purposes) and the maximum or near maximum (g/hr) emission rate for other evaluation purposes (e.g. estimation of near-field impacts from individual sources).

OMNI’s study included limited testi ng to characterize the effect of cold starts, but to date the

results of those tests have not been sufficient to quantify the cold start eff ect. (Because the data were limited, only an indirect estimate could be made of cold start using results from several runs. These data suggest cold star ts may add up to 15% to the total PM 2.5 emissions, but additional testing with a more di rect sampling method w ould be required to c onfirm this result.) Therefore, Alaska’s wood burning and other space heating emission factors, like AP-42 factors, do not include a cold start effect. Recent survey data from Fairbanks sugg est that ignoring this effect may be less serious in Fairbanks than locati ons outside of Alaska because the vast majority

of Fairbanks households that burn wood are mo re than occasional burners (in a 2012 survey, only 9% of wood burners described their usage as “occasional”); rather, th ey tend to burn out of economic necessity and very regularly, essentially every day in most cases. In addition, as with cold start test attempts, OMNI performed limite d testing to characterize the effectiveness of a solid fuel stove catalytic retrofit device, but those test results too were inconclusive.

Comparison of OMNI and AP-42 Representativeness - In contrast to the appliances and fuels selected for their representativeness of Fairba nks in winter and used in the OMNI study, the emissions studies of residential wood burning that underlie EPA’s AP-42 average emissionEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors

III.D.5.6-1254 factors include, by design, a broad spectrum of devices, fuels, and conditions. Among the

variables reflected in the more than 150 studies relied upon by AP-42 are appliance types, models, ages, and technologies; fuel types (i ncluding many wood, coal, and oil types that are

either uncommon or not used at all in Fairbanks ); fuel conditions (e.g., moisture content), and form factors (crib vs. cordwood); these reflect test methods and field test conditions that are used throughout North America under a mu ch wider variety of circumstances (not all of which are necessarily appropriate for Alaska ). These and other features of the OMNI and AP-42 testing are

summarized in Table 5.6-38.

An element not directly compared in Table 5.6-38 is measurement of particle size in reporting

PM emission test results. Wh ile not correct, total PM, PM 10 , and PM 2.5 are often used interchangeably. As noted by Houck 30 (2008), AP-42 states “PM-10 is defined as equivalent to total catch by EPA method 5H train.” Most inve ntories treat the AP-42 values as either PM 10 or
PM 2.5 and essentially equivalent to each other. Research into th e size distribution of particles from a certified catalytic model showed that PM 10 averaged about 88% of the total particulate

catch and PM 2.5 averaged about 80%; similar research with a certified non-catalytic model

showed that PM 10 averaged about 94% and PM 2.5 about 92% of the total catch. 31 OMNI’s reported test results are size-segregated PM 2.5 measurements. As noted above, AP-42 published rates do not distingu ish particle size.

As a compendium of generic emission factors, AP-42 is both relatively large in scope and a reliable information resource. However, there are several and serious technical challenges to applying the AP-42 average emission factors to Fairbanks wood burning. One of the first problems is lack of geographic specificity. AP -42 does not specify the exact mix of wood types that were used for its testing, but it is known from revi ews of AP-42 that they are not dominated by either Paper Birch or White Spruce, the two mo st common types in Fairbanks. Furthermore, the current woodstove population and technology in Fairbanks a nd represented in the OMNI study is almost certainly newer than the AP-42 data base. This is true not only because the AP-42 database tends to be much older, but also because wood burning in Fairbanks has increased sharply in recent years due to escalating heating oil prices and some of the nation’s highest home heating costs (average about $3,700/year). Th is means (and recent ADEC-sponsored telephone surveys tend to support) that the Fairbanks wood burning device population has not only a higher fraction of certified wood burning devices, but also more of the newest (and lowest-emitting) of the certified devices. Finally, while many of th e AP-42 wood appliance tests were reportedly conducted under “field conditions,” presumably us ing representative wood moisture levels for those locations and seasons, we do not know whethe r the fuel moistures and firing rates in those tests were representative of Fa irbanks in winter. In the case of OMNI’s testing, OMNI and the Borough took steps to ensure th e representativeness of Fairbanks fuel samples and the preservation of sample moisture prior to testi ng. In addition, OMNI measured and reported the fuel moisture levels (except for liquid fuels) be fore each test, and they used appropriate heating season average (and selected maximum) firing rates.

30 J.E. Houck, et al., “Emission Factors for New Certif ied Residential Wood Heaters,” presented at EPA’s 17 th Annual International Emissions Inventory Conference, June 2008, http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conf erence/ei17/session4/houck.pdf

. 31 McCrillis, R.C., Wood Stove Emissions: Particle Size an d Chemical Composition, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2000, EPA-600/R-00-050.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors

III.D.5.6-1255 Table 5.6-38 Comparison of OMNI Heating Device Testing and AP-42 Emission Factors

Features OMNI Test Program AP-42

Geographic Representation Testing specific to interior Alaska appliances/fuels/winter conditions; Testing designed to be representative of average emissions nationwide

Currency 2011 test program, supported by concurrent usage and measurement data (fuel type & moisture, in-use stack temperature monitoring, etc.) Pertinent sections of AP-42 date from October 1996 or earlier;

references dated 1972-2001

Appliances “Conventional” and “advanced” wood stoves and outdoor hydronic heaters; pellet stove; coal stove; auger-fed coal OHH; fuel and waste oil burners (total: 9 appliances) Large number and variety of appliances

Sample Size 35 tests conducted More than 150 studies; hundreds of tests

Fuel Selection Paper Birch & White Spruce (most common Fairbanks woods); locally produced wood pellets; Usibelli (Alaska) coal; local #1& #2 fuel & waste oil Wide variety consistent with nationwide averages (hardwood dominates in most states)

Fuel Moisture Wood fuels sampled in Fairbanks in winter with typical seasoning & moisture; samples preserved for testing; wood sampled for moisture prior to testing; resulting EFs reported “dry basis” (db) Varies by study (“equilibrium wood moisture” varies by local condition); resulting AP-42 EFs understood to be db, but not reported explicitly; wood heater field studies report 24% avg (db)

Sampling Methods EPA “Other Test Method 27” for PM 2.5 (in accordance with EPA proposed changes to method 201A); other EPA methods for gases Wide variety of primarily EPA methods; most commonly reported as Method 5H or “5H equivalents”

Fuel Loadings:

Wood

Liquid Fuels

Coal Method 28 for wood fuel amounts & handling but used Alaskan cord woods rather than Douglas Fir crib wood;

No EPA test method; followed manufacturers’ operating instructions;

extended test duration to collect sufficient PM for analysis

No EPA test method for stoves; followed manufacturers’ operating instructions Fuel loadings & form factor vary by study (AP-42 predates Method 28)

Firing Rates OMNI targeted 35% & max firing rates (OMNI’s “low” and “high” firing generally corresponds to Method 28 categories 3&4, respectively; category 3 is predominant mode for “winter season heating”) Varies by study; may be skewed toward “higher than average in-home burn rate”EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors

III.D.5.6-1256 One important limitation of the OMNI test progr am was the number of tests, which was limited by budget constraints to 35. This is far less than the AP-42 samp le, which may number in excess of 1,000 tests. However, unlike AP-42, all of the OMNI tests used Alaska-specific fuels and the appliances tested were specifically chosen by OMNI to represent the Alaskan appliance population. Thus, there is a tradeoff between sa mple size, which favors using AP-42 emission factors, and data specificity, which fa vors the available OMNI test results.

A second limitation of the OMNI testing was the l ack of replicate tests. However, this was partially compensated by the study design, whic h provided for multiple tests of individual appliances using different fuels and firing rates.

Summary of OMNI Test Results - As show n in Figure 5.6-30 and Figure 5.6-31, the OMNI study design allowed for suspected systematic variations in emissions to be tested and documented, and the observed pattern s in the test results give c onfidence about th e repeatability of testing. The figures show not only that EPA-certified wood stoves and EPA-qualified

OWHHs emit about 70% less and 84% less PM 2.5 than their non-certified/nonqualified counterparts, but also that the pa tterns of reductions are similar for each fuel and firing rate.

Figure 5.6-30

PM 2.5 Emission Factors from OMNI Testing for Conventional (left) & EPA-Certified (right) Wood Stoves by Wood Species and Firing Rate

Several apparent deviations from a completely systematic variation, such as higher Spruce vs. Birch emissions for the non-qualified OWHH in Figure 5.6-31, are discussed further in the OMNI report 29 . It should also be noted that the figures each show si mple averages across the set of high and low firing rate tests. 12.4 21.8

4.8

0.9 8.2

1.1 1.9 0.6

0 10 20 30

Birch Low Birch High Spruce Low Spruce High Birch Low Birch High Spruce Low Spruce HighPM2.5Emission Factor (lbs/ton dry fuel)

Conventional Wood Stove EPA-Certified Wood Stove Average

9.96 lbs/ton

Average

2.94 lbs/ton 70%

ReductionEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors

III.D.5.6-1257 Figure 5.6-31

PM 2.5 Emission Factors from OMNI Testing for Non-Qualified (left) & EPA-Qu alified (right) OWHHs by Wood Species and Firing Rate

Based on the greater specificity a nd applicability to Fa irbanks and the greater amount of current supporting detail available, the OMNI emission f actors were selected fo r use in the Fairbanks

PM 2.5 SIP to represent average emissions from residential wood burning units, except for fireplaces (which OMNI did not test). In pa rticular, the average PM 2.5 emission factors for “low” firing rate tests of birch and sp ruce were used to characterize the average emission factors for

conventional woodstoves and out door hydronic heaters, advanced (i.e., more modern) EPAcertified woodstoves, EPA phase 2 qualified OW HHs; and results from OMNI testing with locally produced Alaska wood pellets were used to characterize pellet stoves. The low firing rate tests were used to develop the SIP emission f actors because the low firing rate (35% of maximum) was close to that of the winter se ason average Method 28 firing rate of 34% as explained earlier and based on local evidence sugg esting wood burning devices tend to have their air dampers set at a low/mostly closed position to extend burn durations of a fuel load (e.g. to avoid waking up at night to add more wood to a stove).

The birch and spruce test results were weighted together based on splits in commercial timber sales within the Borough obtained from the Alas ka Department of Natu ral Resources, Division of Forestry. These relative splits were 52% bi rch, 6% spruce and 42% aspen. (The normalized relative splits between birch and sp ruce were 90% and 10%, respectively). 8.8 11.9 25.7

10.9

5.3

1.6 1.6

0.8

0 10 20 30

Birch Low Birch High Spruce Low Spruce High Birch Low Birch High Spruce Low Spruce HighPM2.5Emission Factor (lbs/ton dry fuel)

"Nonqualified" OWHH* EPA-Qualified OWHH Average

14.3 lbs/ton

Average

2.32 lbs/ton 84%

ReductionEMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors

III.D.5.6-1258 

### E MISSION 

### F ACTORS	FOR 

### O IL 

### ‐F IRED 

### D EVICES

The vast majority of households in Fairbanks have central oil furnaces and, according to recent telephone survey data, about two-th irds of the residential heating in Fairbanks (BTU basis) is by central oil burning systems. Therefore, despite its relatively low PM emissions factor compared to wood, testing of a central heater with Nos. 1 and 2 heating oils (used in Fairbanks in about a 1:3 ratio) and of a waste (motor) oil-fired space heater were in cluded in OMNI’s test program.

The same suite of pollutants was sampled for o il burners as for wood, but the key pollutant of

interest for oil burners was SO 2 , due to both the much higher con centration of sulfur found in oil and the predominance of oil burning in Fairbanks . EPA’s emission factor guidance document, AP-42, states: “On average, more than 95% of the fuel sulfur is oxidized to SO 2 , about 1 to 5 percent is further oxidized to sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ), and 1 to 3 percent is emitted as sulfate particulate.” According to EPA’s PM 2.5 SIP guidance, SO 2 is presumed to be a precursor of secondary PM 2.5 . Thus, oil burning appliances may c ontribute to both primary and secondary

PM 2.5 sulfate in the atmosphere.

Samples of Nos. 1 and 2 fuel oil and waste oil sample were collected by FNSB staff, analyzed for OMNI by SwRI, and found to have sulfur contents of 896, 2566, and 3020 ppm by weight, respectively as shown in Table 5.6-39. Also shown in the table ar e three alternative SO 2 emission factors (Columns 1–3), all of which are in units of grams of SO 2 emitted per kg of oil

burned.

Table 5.6-39

Fuel Sulfur and SO 2 Emission Factors for Three Fairbanks Oil Samples

Fuel ppm Sulfur (by weight)

from SwRI Alternative SO 2 Emission Factors: (grams of SO 2 per kg of fuel burned)

Column 1 Range, assuming

95-100% of fuel S

emitted as SO 2 Column 2

All fuel S Emitted as

SO 2 except as measured

in reduced form on

PM 2.5 filters by XRF Column 3

EF from OMNI

SO 2 (and other)

measurements

No. 1 Fuel Oil 896 1.70 - 1.79 1.77 1.25

No. 2 Fuel Oil 2,566 4.88 - 5.13 5.12 2.10

Waste Motor Oil 3,020 5.74 - 6.04 5.93 4.76

Column 1 shows the range of emission factors based strictly on the SwRI-measured sulfur

contents and on the 95-100% S to SO 2 conversion rate for oil combustion documented in AP-42. Column 2 shows the corresponding emission factor based on 100% oxidation of sulfur but after first subtracting the PM reduced, elemental sulf ur contributions on OMNI’s PM filter samples (measured by Research Triangle Institute). These data are confirmatory regarding the SO 2EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors

III.D.5.6-1259 fraction in that they fall with in the range anticipated based on AP-42. The third column shows an independent measure of the SO 2 emission factor by OMNI, alt hough in this case, the EFs for

all three oils are below the leve ls anticipated based on fuel sulfur content, suggesting these measurements are suspect. The precise reason for the lower values in OMNI’s SO 2 measurement-based factors is not known, but it is recognized that the latter approach is a more complex estimate because it re quires accurate calibr ation and measurement of not only SO 2 in the dilution tunnel, but also the same for a trac er gas in both the hot appliance stack and the dilution tunnel, along with accurate ali gnment of all measurement traces.

Two final points are worth noting with respect to oil combustion emission factors. First, the

emission factors for SO 2 and SO 3 shown in AP-42’s Table 1.3-1 imply a slightly higher proportion of fuel S emitted as SO 2 for residential furnaces (98.9%) than for other fuel burning

sources. This is consistent with a nd lends credence to the relatively high SO 2 fractions (i.e., small PM correction) observed from the OM NI/SwRI/RTI measurements. Second, the oil burners were designed for and emission tested by OMNI at a single firi ng rate (there were no firing rate issues such as occurred with the wood bur ning appliances).

Based on the above findings, it wa s concluded that the simplest and most consistent emission

factor for SO 2 is that derived from the direct fuel su lfur based method as reflected in AP-42. Accordingly, application of the fu el sulfur based method with 100% SO 2 oxidation and using the SwRI fuel sulfur measurements for oil, has been assumed in developing the Fairbanks SIP emissions inventory. By comparison, th e emission factor measurement of SO 2 by OMNI is more complicated and may be less reliable than th e above method. Furthermore, considering the closeness of the OMNI PM sulfur adjusted va lues (column 2) to th e 100% S conversion based EFs (upper range limit of Column 1), the latter we re used for the SIP-based inventory without adjustment for sulfur in the PM.



### E MISSION 

### F ACTORS	FOR 

### C OAL 

### ‐B URNING 

### D EVICES

In addition to wood and oil fuels, OMNI emissi on tested Alaskan (Usibe lli) subbituminous coal (wet, dry, lump, and stoker) in severa l residential heaters. Currently, coal is not widely used as a residential heating fuel in Fair banks, and no EPA source test methods exist for residential coal stoves. The only AP-42 emission factor data availa ble are from testing of much larger coal-fired

boilers.

Under contract to OMNI, Twin Ports Testing (T PT) analyzed Alaskan coal samples that had been collected by Borough staff, stored in sealed drums to maintain moisture, and then shipped and stored by OMNI for use in testing. TPT re ported that lump and st oker coal have sulfur content of 0.086 and 0.101 weight % S (dry basis), re spectively. Fuel moisture contents for the eight coal test charges meas ured by OMNI immediately prio r to testing ranged from 11.20–

33.50%.

With regard to PM 2.5 emissions, coal emission factors were (unlike cordwood emission factors) somewhat variable, depending upon the device teste d, wet vs. dry fuel, fuel form factor, firing rate, and other test conditions.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors

III.D.5.6-1260 For lack of any information from AP-42 on resi dential coal burning, emission factors used to develop the Fairbanks inventory we re taken from the OMNI test results, using the average of all valid tests at low firing rate (whi ch is close to the expected hea ting season average firing rate).



### E MISSION 

### F ACTORS	FOR 

### O THER 

### P OLLUTANTS

In addition to measuring PM 2.5 and SO 2 , OMNI also measured and developed emission factors for VOC, CO, NO, NO 2 , NO x, and NH 3 for all wood-burning devices and oil furnaces. For those cases where the OMNI study has provided more specific and applicable measurements

than what is available from AP -42, Sierra has recommended the us e of the former, with the two exceptions of SO 2 (discussed above) and VOC. For VOC, OMNI’s measurements and emission factor are presented on a carbon mass-basis, wh ereas AP-42 shows mass emissions for TOC, methane, TNMOC, selected organic species, PAHs , and more. Absent more detailed information about the C-mass fraction of both sources, co mparison of the VOC emission factors is problematic. Thus no attempt was made to comp are OMNI’s emission fact ors with those in AP42, nor consider substitution of th e OMNI EF’s for those in AP-42.



### SIP I NVENTORY 

### E MISSION 

### F ACTORS

Table 5.6-40 and Table 5.6-41 provide tabulations of the emission factors used to estimate space heating emissions for the SIP inventories. Thes e tables respectively show emission factors for wood-burning (in lbs/ton) and for other heating types (in lbs/1000 ga ls). The first column in each table lists the device type/technology. The next seven columns list the emission factors for VOC, NO
x , SO 2 , primary PM 10 and PM 2.5 , NH 3 and CO.

The last column in each table lists the data so urce(s) and, in several cases, provides additional

details about the emission factor calculations. Further details are provided in the footnotes to

individual emission factor entries. Highlighted cells in each tabl es show emission factor entries

that are based on OMNI results. Unshaded cells refer to “default” AP-42 based emission factors

that were used where OMNI data we re not available or insufficient.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating– OMNI and AP-42 Emission FactorsIII.D.5.6-1261Table 5.6-40Emission Factors for Wood-Burning Devices(lbs/ton) - EPA Method 5H Except Where Noted (OMNI Factors in Highlighted Cells)Device and Technology VOC NOxSO2PM10PM2.5NH3CO Data Source(s)Fireplace, no insert 229.0 2.6 0.4 34.6 34.6 1.832252.6AP-42, Table 1.9-1; for SO2, OMNI fuel S for spruce gave same EF as AP-42Fireplace insert,non-EPA certified53.0 2.8 0.4 30.6 30.6 1.7 230.8Assumed equal to uncertified woodstove EFsFireplace insert,EPA-certified, non-catalytic.12.0332.0330.43312.0 12.0 0.933140.833AP-42, Table 3 for PM EFswww.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch01/related/woodstoveapp.pdfFireplace insert,EPA-certified catalytic15.0332.0330.43313.0 13.0 0.933107.033AP-42, Table 3 for PM EFswww.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch01/related/woodstoveapp.pdfWoodstove,non-EPA certified53.01.4 0.411.603411.60340.379115.8AP-42, Table 1.10-1 for VOC&SO2; others use avg of OMNI runs 14&15,conventional wood stove, spruce & birch, low firing rateWoodstove,EPA-certified, non-catalytic12.01.5 0.47.57347.57340.239118.1AP-42, Table 1.10-1,assmd Phase II (1990 stds) for VOC&SO2; others use avgOMNI runs 5&6 for birch & spruce; EPA (non-cat) woodstove low firing rateWoodstove, EPA-certified,catalytic15.01.5 0.48.40348.40340.239118.1same as immediately above,except OMNI avgs for PM10&PM2.5scaled by the ratioof cat to non-cat (16.2/14.6)Pellet Stove, exempt 2.4354.00.322.962.960.0729.9AP-42, Table 1.10-1for VOC; all others OMNI run #1, pellet stove, except SO2which is based on dry pellet S content from OMNIPellet Stove, EPA-certified 2.4354.00.322.962.960.0729.9AP-42, Table 1.10-1for VOC; all others OMNI run 1, pellet stove, except SO2which is based on dry pellet S content from OMNIHydronic Heater, weighted80/2045.41.5 0.49.439.430.23357.980% / 20% weighting of OWB unqualified&OWB-Ph2 qualifiedHydronic Heater,Unqualified53.01.4 0.410.553410.55340.26152.836EPA/NY for VOC&SO2; others use avg of OMNI runs 30&32, OWHH birch&spruce, low firing rate OMNI dry S content for spruce same EF as AP-42Hydronic Heater, Phase 112.02.1 0.49.303349.30340.120102.7set rates for VOC to those for woodstoves; others from avg of OMNI runs 9&11,spruce & birch, EPA qualified OWHH, lowfiring rate, but for PM&CO scaled byphase 1&2 ratio;SO2based on OMNI content of dry spruceHydronic Heater, Phase 215.02.1 0.44.94344.94340.12078.01set rates for VOC to those for woodstoves; others from avg of OMNI runs 9 and 11,spruce & birch, EPA qualified OWHH, low firing rate, but PM & CO scaled byratio for phase 1&2;SO2based on OMNI S content of dry spruce32NH3EF from Pechan “Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Non-Agricultural Sources”, Draft Final Report, April 2004.33No separate EF data for this pollutant; assumed equal to corresponding certified woodstove EFs from AP-42.34Entries reflect weighting of spruce and birch EFs from wood-specific OMNI tests based upon spruce vs. birch sales split fromUS Forest Service timber sales data35Fromhttp://www.epa.gov/burnwise/pdfs/EPA_stove_emis_reduct.pdf, converted from kg/tonne to lbs/ton.36CO is lower limit because instrument pegged.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating– OMNI and AP-42 Emission FactorsIII.D.5.6-1262Table 5.6-41Emission Factors for Other Devices (lbs/1000 gal except where noted, OMNI Factors in Highlighted Cells)Other Heating Types VOC NOxSO2PM10PM2.5NH3CO Data Source(s)Central Oil (Wtd #1 & #2),Residential0.71311.230.71370.4570.4570.0240.448AP-42 Table 1.3-1 for VOC; OMNI fuel S content for SO2; all others OMNIrun#17,SwRI for fuel (lower) heating value,AP-42 for fuel oil densityCentral Oil (#1 distillate),Residential0.71311.212.72380.4570.4570.0240.448AP-42 Table 1.3-1 for VOC; OMNI fuel S content for SO2; all others OMNI run#17,SwRI for fuel (lower) heating value,AP-42 for fuel oil densityCentral Oil (#2 distillate),Residential0.71311.236.44390.4570.4570.0240.448AP-42 Table 1.3-1 for VOC;OMNI fuel S content for SO2; all others OMNI run#17,SwRI for fuel (lower) heating value,AP-42 for fuel oil densityCentral Oil (Wtd #1 & #2),Commercial0.713 1830.7160.4570.4570.0240.448AP-42 Table 1.3-1 for NOx; for all others, assume same as abovePortable Heater: 43%Kerosene & 57% Fuel Oil0.713 1830.7160.4 0.40.0240.4EFs for portable heaters w. kerosene/fuel oil #2 blend assumed equal to central oil(#2); all except SO2, NH3and CO, assumed same as aboveDirect Vent 0.713 11.212.72 0.5 0.50.0240.4EFs for DV w. #1 assumed equal to central oil (on #2) in absence of actual data;except SO2, NH3and CO assumed same as aboveNatural Gas-Residential 5.5 94 0.6 1.9 1.9 20 40AP-42 Tables 1.4-1 & 1.4-2 for all but NH3; EPA/Pechan for NH3Natural Gas-Commercial,small uncontrolled5.5 100 0.6 1.9 1.9 20 40AP-42 Tables 1.4-1 & 1.4-2 for all but NH3, EPA/Pechan for NH3Coal Boiler 104.7 9.3408.08.01.266130.6AP-42 Table 1.1-19 for VOC, (w. Usibelli S content) SO2; OMNI runs 21,23,37&38for other, coal stove, wet & dry stoker & lump coal, low firing rateWaste Oil Burning 152.236.975.25.20.03612.4AP-42 Table 1.11-1 for VOC; all others OMNI run#18, SwRI for heating value, AP-42 for No. 2 fuel oil density37Assumes fuel S content of 2,163 ppm by weight; reflects approximate 76/24 split of #2/#1 per information from Polar & Sourdough Fuels; ADEC email 1/31/12.38Assumes S content of 896 ppm of #1from SWRI analysis of Fairbanks fuel sample as reported by OMNI Labs.39Assumes S content of 2566 ppm of #2 from SWRI analysis of Fairbanks fuel sample as reported by OMNI Labs.40Assumes coal S content of 0.3% by weight perwww.Usibelli.com/coal_data.asp.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details

III.D.5.6-1263 

### S PACE 

### H EATING



### – E MISSION 

### C ALCULATION 

### D ETAILS

Home heating (and commercial space heating) emissions were calculated in a manner that optimized the use of locally-collected survey data, in-use device activity and fuel use measurements, and emission factor data that were described in detail in the preceding sections of this technical appendix. This sec tion of the appendix explains how these local data were used in conjunction with the Fairbanks sp ace heating energy model to gene rate estimates of pollutant emissions used in the episodic inventories. Thus, a key element in these emission inventory

calculations consisted of utilizi ng spatially- and tempor ally-resolved data or relationships based on them to generate gridded, day and hour-specifi c estimates of space heating emissions over the modeling domain.

These calculations were performed in a series of complex “Space Heating” spreadsheets with the following filename convention:

G3C_SpHtArea_ YYYY F Case _11Tag_Episodes.xlsm

Where YYYY is the inventory year (2008, 2015 or 2019) and Case refers to whether the estimates represent the baseline (Base) or the projected baseline (PB), the latter under which additional logic regarding activity growth and other factors is applied.

(These spreadsheets and all other inventory da ta files are summarized later in the “Emission Inventory Data Files” sub-secti on within this appendix and are available by request from the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation.)



### E NERGY 

### M ODEL 

### I MPLEMENTATION

The first step in building the Space Heating emission calculation spr eadsheets consisted of loading in the Fairbanks Home Heating Energy Model in order to compute needed household heating energy as a function of device/fuel mix, building size, average daily ambient temperature and day type (weekday vs. weekend). The Coeffs tab in the spreadsheet contains the daily and hourly energy model coefficients listed earlier in Table 5.6- 7 and Table 5.6-8.

The energy model is then implemented within the HtEnergy tab to calculate heating energy by modeling grid cell for each of the 1.33 km square cells across the modeling domain based on the

number of residential households in each cell determined from block-level 2010 U.S. Census data (and grown forward or backward to each in ventory year based on population projections). The summed space heating energy over all households in each grid cell was calculated separately by day and hour for each based on ZIP code-sp ecific winter season energy use splits by device/fuel type developed the 2011 Home Heating Survey.

Table 5.6-42 (identical to Table 5.6-28 shown earlier) shows these wi nter season energy use splits by ZIP code. Those device/fuel types hi ghlighted in Table 5.6- 42 represent those for which space heating energy use is estimated from the energy model. (Their normalized subtotals are also shown near the bottom of Table 5.6-42.)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details

III.D.5.6-1264 Table 5.6-42 Winter Season Energy Use Splits by ZIP Code for Energy Model Input

Fuel Group Device/Fuel Type Pct. of Winter Season Energy Use by ZIP Census Wtd. Avg. 99701 99703 99705 99709 99712 99775

WoodBurning 1 – Stoves 7.65% 23.37% 20.75% 21.19% 21.92% 11.50% 17.67%
2 – Fireplaces 0.49% 0.03% 0.77% 0.99% 0.03% 0.03% 0.62%

3 – OWBs 1.95% 1.15% 7.58% 3.69% 1.58% 1.15% 4.41%

OilBurning 4 - Central Oil 78.98% 60.66% 63.64% 65.06% 62.49% 84.42% 66.20%

5 - Direct Vent Heat 3.19% 3.40% 4.11% 5.92% 10.60% 1.78% 6.14%

Portable Heaters 1.41% 0.83% 1.56% 0.56% 0.85% 0.36% 1.24%

Natural Gas Natural Gas Heat 5.46% 9.99% 1.12% 1.21% 1.71% 0.63% 2.79%

Coal Coal Heaters 0.58% 0.13% 0.45% 0.30% 0.77% 0.13% 0.52%

Electric Electric Heat 0.29% 0.42% 0.01% 1.08% 0.05% 0.01% 0.41%

Instrumented Study Subtotals 92.26% 88.62% 96.86% 96.86% 96.62% 98.87% 95.04%

Totals 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Space heating energy use for those device/fuel ty pes not highlighted (Portable Oil Heaters, Natural Gas, Coal and Electric Heat) was estim ated from their Home Heating Survey-based splits shown in Table 5.6-42 in proportion to their Survey-based energy use outside the energy model. For example, if per-household energy us e for a grid cell in ZIP code 99701 (Fairbanks) was 500,000 BTU/day for devices accounted for by the energy model (listed as devices 1 through 5 in Table 5.6-42), then per-household h eating energy from coal devices would be estimated as (0.58% × [500,000 ÷ 92.26%]) = 3,143 BTU/day.

These calculations are performed within the context of the gri dded modeling inventories in a manner in which space heating energy use is not calculated by individual device (or household),

but rather based on the total number of households in each grid cell and the average device/fuel usage splits across all surveyed households within each ZIP code. For ZIP codes not included in the Home Heating Survey (which sampled households only within the non-attainment area), the Census weighted average splits in the ri ghtmost column of Table 5.6-42 were used.

Another element considered in calculating space heating energy use by episode day and hour for each grid cell was the use of occ upied vs. total (which includes occupied and vacant households)

households counts from the 2010 Census. Based on discussions with Borough staff, wood and coal burning energy use was calculated based on occupied households, while energy use for other devices/fuel was based on total (occupied and vacant) households. The central assumption here was that thermostatically-controlled devices ( central oil, natural gas) would still be operated at some lower heating level to en sure interior pipes and other infr astructure would not freeze and crack. No adjustment was estimated to account fo r the lower heating level for these devices in

vacant households.

Finally, parcel level GIS data developed by the Borough from tax assessment data was used to calculate the average building size (in heated inte rior area) separately for both residential andEMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details

III.D.5.6-1265 commercial parcels within each grid cell. Thes e average building sizes for each grid cell were required to drive the energy model calculations (along with average daily temperature, device usage mix and day type).



### A PPLICATION	OF 

### E NERGY 

### ‐S PECIFIC 

### E MISSION 

### F ACTORS

The next step in the calculation of space hea ting emissions consisted of converting the device and technology specific emission f actors presented earlier in Tabl e 5.6-40 and Table 5.6-41 from pounds emitted per fuel use unit to pounds em ission per unit energy (i.e., pounds per million BTU or lb/mmBTU). This conversi on was necessitated by two factors:

1. BTU-Based Energy Model - The energy model was configur ed to predict space heating energy use (in BTUs), rather than fuel use ac ross all of the devices. (This made it easier to utilize relative energy use splits calculate d from the Home Heating Survey to augment energy use estimates for device not addre ssed directly within the energy model.)

2. Treatment of Wood Moisture Effects – Unlike other fuels used for space heating, the effective or “heating” energy of wood is directly related to its moisture content as discussed earlier in the “Home Heating – Fa irbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects” section. The space heating emission calcula tion workflow (and adjustments for wood moisture) was made much simpler by starti ng with emission factors for wood devices assuming zero or oven dry moisture content and then applying a multiplicative adjustment that accounted for the heating energy effect as a function of moisture content. (This also made the process for calculating futu re inventories reflecti ng either trends in moisture content or effects from pla nned or adopted control measures more straightforward.)

The emission factor conversions were perfor med by dividing fuel specific energy content presented earlier in Table 5.6-26 (in BTU/fuel un it) into the pound per fu el unit emission factors in Table 5.6-40 and Table 5.6-41. For example, the PM 2.5 emission factor for residential heating oil (with mix of #1 and #2 oil) from Table 5.6- 41 of 0.457 lb/1000 gal was divided by the energy content for heating oil (with the #1 and #2 mix) of132,000 BTU/ gal (or 132 mmBTU/1000gal) listed in Table 5.6-26 to yiel d and energy-specific emissi on factor of 0.000346 (3.46 × 10 -3 )

lb/mmBTU.

Table 5.6-43 and Table 5.6-44 pres ent the results of these emissi on factor conversions for all wood and non-wood burning devices and technologi es, respectively. As noted above, energyspecific wood burning emission factors in Table 5.6-43 are represented on an over dry or 0% moisture basis. In both tables, highlighted cells refer to emission factors based on local

device/fuel measurements from the OMNI Labs testing study; AP-42 factors were used for pollutant/device combinations in un-highlighted cells. SCC codes and assumed net heating

efficiencies for each device are also shown in both tables. Although the heating efficiencies were not used in calculating baseline emissions , they are used later in Control inventory calculations where efficiency were accounted for in scenarios wher e heating devices are replaced by other device, such as switc hing from wood to heating oil.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details

III.D.5.6-1266 Table 5.6-43 Heating Energy-Specific Emission Factors for Wood-Burning Devices (lbs/mmBTU), Oven Dry (0%) Moisture Basis (OMNI-Based Factors in Highlighted Cells)

Device and Technology SCC Code Heating Efficiency Emission Factors (lb/mmBTU)

VOC NO

x SO 2 PM 10 PM 2.5 NH 3 CO
Fireplace, no insert 2104008100 7% 13 .237 0.150 0.023 2.000 2.000 0.104 14.601

Fireplace insert,

non-EPA certified 2104008210 40% 3.064 0.162 0.023 1.769 1.769 0.098 13.341

Fireplace insert, EPA-certified, non-catalytic. 2104008220 66% 0.694 0.116 0.023 0.694 0.694 0.052 8.139

Fireplace insert, EPA-certified catalytic 2104008230 70% 0.867 0.116 0.023 0.751 0.751 0.052 6.185

Woodstove,

non-EPA certified 2104008310 54% 3.064 0.085 0.023 0.714 0.714 0.023 7.129

Woodstove, EPA-certified, non-catalytic 2104008320 68% 0.694 0.095 0.023 0.466 0.466 0.015 7.274

Woodstove, EPA-certified, catalytic 2104008330 72% 0.867 0.095 0.023 0.517 0.517 0.015 7.274

Pellet Stove, exempt 2104008410 56% 0.139 0.247 0.020 0.182 0.182 0.004 0.612 Pellet Stove, EPA-certified 2104008420 78% 0.139 0.247 0.020 0.182 0.182 0.004 0.612 Hydronic Heater, weighted

80/20 2104008610 43% 2.624 0.095 0.023 0.581 0.581 0.014 3.563

Hydronic Heater, Unqualified 2104008610 43% 3.064 0.087 0.023 0.650 0.650 0.016 3.253

Hydronic Heater, Phase 1 2104008610 43% 0.694 0.127 0.023 0.573 0.573 0.007 6.321 Hydronic Heater, Phase 2 2104008640 43% 0.867 0.127 0.023 0.304 0.304 0.007 4.804

Table 5.6-44 Heating Energy-Specific Emission Fact ors for Other Devices (lbs/mmBTU) (OMNI-Based Factors in Highlighted Cells)

Device and Technology SCC Code Heating Efficiency Emission Factors (lb/mmBTU)

VOC NO

x SO 2 PM 10 PM 2.5 NH 3 CO
Central Oil (Wtd #1 & #2),

Residential 2104004000 81% 5.40E-03 8.46E-02 2.33E-01 3.46E-03 3.46E-03 1.86E-04 3.39E-03

Central Oil (#1 distillate),

Residential 2104004000 81% 5.70E-03 8.94E-02 1.02E-01 3.65E-03 3.65E-03 1.96E-04 3.58E-03

Central Oil (#2 distillate),

Residential 2104004000 81% 5.15E-03 8.07E-02 2.63E-01 3.30E-03 3.30E-03 1.77E-04 3.23E-03

Central Oil (Wtd #1 & #2),

Commercial 2103004001 81% 5.15E-03 1.30E-01 2.22E-01 3.30E-03 3.30E-03 1.77E-04 3.23E-03

Portable Heater: 43% Kerosene

& 57% Fuel Oil 2104004000 81% 5.20E-03 1.31E-01 2.24E-01 2.92E-03 2.92E-03 1.79E-04 3.27E-03

Direct Vent 2104007000 81% 5.70E-03 8.94E-02 1.02E-01 3.65E-03 3.65E-03 1.96E-04 3.58E-03

Natural Gas-Residential 2104006010 81% 5.42E-03 9.26E-02 5.91E-04 1.87E-03 1.87E-03 1.97E-02 3.94E-02 Natural Gas-Commercial, small

uncontrolled 2103006000 81% 5.42E-03 9.85E-02 5.91E-04 1.87E-03 1.87E-03 1.97E-02 3.94E-02

Coal Boiler 2104002000 43% 6.54E-01 3.08E-01 6.08E-01 5.22E-01 5.22E-01 8.27E-02 8.53E+00 Waste Oil Burning 2102012000 n/a 7.22E-03 3.77E-01 2.67E-01 3.76E-02 3.76E-02 2.63E-04 8.97E-02

n/a – Not availableEMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details

III.D.5.6-1267 In applying these energy-specific emission factors in the Space Heating calculation spreadsheets, it was necessary to apply additional usage splits or allocations for each of the technologies listed in Table 5.6-43 and Table 5.6-44. For example, to calculate separate emission estimates for wood devices burning cordwood vers us pellets and to allocate th e splits of uncertified and

certified wood stoves and inserts. Table 5.6-27 and Table 5.6-29 presente d earlier in the “Home Heating - Residential Surveys” section contain these cordwood/p ellet and uncertified/certified device splits.

Notwithstanding wood moisture adjustments discusse d separately in the next sub-section, space heating emissions were then calculated within each grid cell (by day and hour) by multiplying the total BTUs by device in the cell by the de vice and technology-specific energy emission

factors listed in Table 5.6-43 and Table 5.6-44.

The emission calculations for each grid cell were performed with the Emis tab in the Space Heating calculation spreadsheets.



### W OOD 

### M OISTURE 

### A DJUSTMENT 

### C ALCULATIONS

As explained earlier in the “Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy a nd Moisture Effects” section, wood moisture effects we re accounted for using a linear relationship of heating BTUs vs. moisture content. This adjustment was necessary in calculation of 2008 Baseline and 2015 and 2019 Projected Baseline space heating emissions because of trends in average moisture content developed from survey data as describe d in that earlier section. Thus, with emission factors for wood devices expressed on a lb /mmBTU oven dry basis, it was relatively straightforward to apply the moisture adjustment s, given an “input” or assumed average moisture level across all grid cells.

The Moisture tab in the Space Heating emission calcu lation spreadsheets contains the wood moisture content adjustment cal culations based on the methods described in the earlier “Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Eff ects” section. It also accounts for the fact that wood use measurements (and heating energy estimates developed from them embedded in the Home Heating Energy Model are associated with a specific wood moisture content of 26.6% (on a dry basis). Thus, the energy estimates from the model had to be adjusted to an oven dry basis from this 26.6% “reference” moisture level. In addition, the Moisture tab also includes an adjustment to account for the difference betw een the assumed wood energy content when the energy model was developed (6,053 BTU/lb) and th at developed later in the SIP inventory process from the aforementioned 2013 Wood Tag Survey (6,413 BTU/lb at the 26.6% reference moisture level).



### C OMMERCIAL 

### S PACE 

### H EATING 

### E MISSIONS

Due to differences in energy efficiency, ceiling heights and overall build ing size the residential Home Heating Energy Model was not used to estimate space heating energy use and emissions within commercial buildings.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details

III.D.5.6-1268 Instead commercial sector heating energy was calculated based on an estimate of commercial building space energy intensity in Alaska provided by CCHRC. 41 CCHRC compared an energy model they developed using the ASHRAE “Ener gy Standard for Buildings Except Low Rise Residential Buildings” Standard 90.1. Using the ASHRAE minimum standa rd (referred to as ECB) our Research Testing Facility, which is primarily office space, CCHRC found an energy intensity of about 89,000 BTU/ft 2 /yr for its office building in Fairbanks.

Looking at the 2003 US Commercial Building En ergy Consumption Survey (CBECS) published by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, commercial building energy loads in Climate Zone 1 (Alaska) CCHRC found the most re presentative estimate to be 90,690 BTU/ft 2 /yr, which closely agrees with the estimate for their own office building. This CBECS value of 90,690 was assumed to best represent average annual heatin g energy intensity of co mmercial structures in

Fairbanks.

To use this annual intens ity within the episodic inventory, the average of number of heating degree days (HDD) referenced to 65°F in Fa irbanks was estimated to be 14,274 HDD based on data compiled for Fairbanks Interna tional Airport by Weather Underground 42 . Dividing this local HDD into the annual commercial building inte nsity for Fairbanks yields an estimate of 6.35

BTU/HDD/ft 2 . This HDD-normalized building energy in tensity was then us ed to calculate commercial heating energy demand within each gr id cell. This was done by summing the total building space of all commercial structures with in each grid cell developed from parcel-level Assessor data supplied by the Borough and th en multiplying by the daily HDD for each day in the historical modeling episodes and th e HDD-normalized intensity as follows:

Energy x,y = 6.35 BTU/HDD/ft 2 × HDD i ×Buildings ×Avg Size (ft 2 )

Where:

Energy x,y is the total commercial building heating en ergy estimated for grid cell (x,y) on episode day i (in BTU/day), HDD i is the heating degree days for day i (referenced to 65F), Buildings represent the number of commercial structures in the grid cell and Avg Size is the average commercial building size (in ft 2 ).

These daily estimates for each grid cell were then apportioned to hourly values using an average hourly energy use profile for oil-heating devices within the energy model (assuming commercial building are similarly thermostatically controlled).

Commercial space heating energy use was assumed to be allocated to two fu el types: 1) heating oil; and 2) natural gas. Based on usage data compiled for Fairbanks under the aforementioned “Big 3” inventory study a split of 98% oil and 2% natural gas was assumed. The commercial device emission factors for oil and natural gas he ating shown earlier in Table 5.6-44 were then used to compute commercial space hea ting emissions within each grid cell.

41 Email from Colin Craven, Cold Climat e Housing Research Center, April 27, 2009.

42 www.degreedays.net (using temperature data from www.wunderground.com )EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details

III.D.5.6-1269 

### C ALCULATION 

### W ORKFLOW

Given the calculation complexity of the Space H eating emission spreadsheet, it was set up in a manner in which the following “inputs” were specified in two shaded cells within the Emis tab:

 Scenario – Either “FBASE” for final 2008 baseline or “PB” for projected baseline, which triggered different logic used to calculate baseline emissions or project emissions to future years that included adjustments for tren ds in moisture level from the 2008 baseline

and in natural turnover of uncer tified wood stoves and inserts.

 Calendar Year – The inventory calendar year (2008, 2015 or 2019).

A Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) program wr itten within the spreadsheet was then used to cycle through and calculate emissions for each day of the two modeling episodes. When emissions for each day were calculated within the Emis tab, they were translated to data

structures in two other sheets in formats re quired by the SMOKE inve ntory processing model and then exported by the VBA program to external fixed-length ASCII files for subsequent input to SMOKE. In addition, emission estimates were automatically copied by the VBA program to a series of tabulation sheets (e.g., DevTabs, ZipTabs, GridTabs, DevSumOut ) as calculations were being performed for each episode day.



### U SE	OF 

### E PISODIC 

### E MISSIONS	IN 

### SMOKE M ODEL

As explained in greater detail in Appendix III.D.5.8, a re-written version of the SMOKE Version 2.7.1 was used to provide space heating emissions to the pre-processor model on an episodic day and hour basis. Although the SMOKE model as originally written allowed point source emissions to be input by individual day and hour, area source emission categories (such as space heating) had to be temporally allocated usi ng a combination of monthly, weekday and hourly profiles that would have lost the individual day- and hour-speci fic resolution reflected in the calculation of space heating emissions.

In short, the source code was modified in se veral locations to allow SMOKE to utilize space heating emission inputs by day and hour identical ly to its handling of episodic point source

emissions.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1270 

### O THER 

### A REA 

### S OURCES

Emission contributions from other area sources in Fairbanks during winter are relatively modest compared to those from space heating. As a resu lt, the methods used to estimate emissions for

all other sources within the area source sector (besides space heating) were less complex. However they still relied on local data where it wa s available, rather than national defaults or a “top-down” approach.

This section of the technical a ppendix describes the data source s and methods used to estimate emissions from other non-space heating sources with in the area source sector, beginning with the primary data source, a criter ia pollutant inventory devel oped under an earlier ADEC study. 43



### F AIRBANKS 

### C RITERIA 

### P OLLUTANT 

### I NVENTORY

The referenced ADEC study, referred to as the “Big 3” inventories consisted of the development of pollutant emission estimates for the three most populous counties in the st ate: the Municipality of Anchorage, Fairbanks North Star Borough a nd Juneau Borough. The Big 3 inventories were developed for calendar years 2002, 2005 and 2018 usi ng a combination of 2002 base year data and growth/control forecasts for 2005 and 2018. Th e inventories encompassed all source sectors (point, area, on-road, non-road) and the fo llowing criteria pollutants: VOC, NO
x , CO, SO
x , NH 3 , PM 10, and PM 2.5 . For each calendar year, annual emi ssions as well as winter and summer seasonal emissions were develope d. The seasonal estimates reflect ed six-month winter (October through March) and summer (April through Sept ember) daily averages based on seasonal activity profiles developed using local data where available.

For use in this PM 2.5 SIP inventory, SCC-level summer and winter season emission estimates

were extracted from National Emission Invent ory (NEI) Input Format (NIF) spreadsheet structures developed under the Big 3 study to allow ADEC to subm it data to support the NEI. Only area source SCC records for were extracte d for the Fairbanks Borough in calendar year 2005, the nearest year to the SIP inventory 2008 base year.

Figure 5.6-32 and Figure 5.6-33 show the county- wide 2005 Fairbanks winter and summer average day estimates, respectively for area sour ces extracted by SCC from the Big 3 inventory. Records shaded in gray reflect those SCC’s related to space heating. Since space heating emissions were estimated separately under the SIP inventory, these records were excluded from the Other Area Source portion develope d from the earlier Big 3 inventory.

Although summer and winter emissions are shown, only the winter estimates were used to support the episodic inventories. Summer estimates (and annual averages developed from the winter and summer seasonal emissions) were utili zed to support the “plann ing” inventories in the

SIP. Summer estimates are included here to illu strate what are significa nt seasonal differences for certain source categories (e .g., wildfires and fugitive dust).

43 L. Williams, et al., “Criteria Pollutant Inventory for Anc horage, Fairbanks, and Juneau in 2002, 2005 and 2018,” prepared for Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Sierra Research Report No. SR2009-02-01, February 2009.EMISSIONS INVENTORYOther Area SourcesIII.D.5.6-1271Figure 5.6-322005 “Big 3” Inventory Fairbanks Area Source Emissions (tons/day) by SCC, Average Winter DayFigure 5.6-332005 “Big 3” Inventory Fairbanks Area Source Emissions (tons/day) by SCC, Average Summer DaySourceSCC VOC CO NOx SOx NH3 PM10 PM2.5Area SourcesStationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total: Boilers and IC Engines 2103006000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All Combustor Types 2104004000 0.037 0.260 0.935 2.468 0.000 0.021 0.020Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Waste oil, Total21020120000.000 0.003 0.011 0.028 0.000 0.000 0.000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Residential Furnaces 2104006010 0.001 0.006 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total: All Combustor Types 2104007000 0.001 0.003 0.024 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.001Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Total: Woodstoves and Fireplaces 2104008000 2.381 6.181 0.089 0.016 0.000 0.855 0.855Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: Fugitives 2294000000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: Fugitives 2296000000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Industrial Processes, Petroleum Refining: SIC 29, Asphalt Paving/Roofing Materials, Total 2306010000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Architectural Coatings, Total: All Solvent Types 2401001000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial, Asphalt Application: All Processes, Total: All Solvent Types 2461020000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Spillage 2501060102 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Controlled2501060103 0.377 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Working Loss, Gasoline 2501000120 0.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Breathing Loss, Gasoline 2501995120 0.042 0.0000.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, Total 2810001000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Structure Fires, Total 2810030000 0.009 0.108 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Firefighting Training, Total 2810035000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Winter Emissions (tons/day)SourceSCC VOC CO NOx SOx NH3 PM10 PM2.5Area SourcesStationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total: Boilers and IC Engines 2103006000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All Combustor Types 2104004000 0.013 0.089 0.319 0.842 0.000 0.007 0.007Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Waste oil, Total21020120000.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Residential Furnaces 2104006010 0.001 0.003 0.024 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total: All Combustor Types 2104007000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Total: Woodstoves and Fireplaces 2104008000 0.403 1.065 0.015 0.003 0.000 0.148 0.148Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: Fugitives 2294000000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 23.191 5.615Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: Fugitives 2296000000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 37.398 5.604Industrial Processes, Petroleum Refining: SIC 29, Asphalt Paving/Roofing Materials, Total 2306010000 0.000 0.020 0.006 0.004 0.000 0.222 0.013Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Architectural Coatings, Total: All Solvent Types 2401001000 1.322 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial, Asphalt Application: All Processes, Total: All Solvent Types 2461020000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Spillage 2501060102 0.038 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Controlled2501060103 0.444 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Working Loss, Gasoline 2501000120 0.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Breathing Loss, Gasoline 2501995120 0.041 0.0000.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, Total 2810001000 19.392 412.071 8.840 2.424 1.854 40.066 34.363Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Structure Fires, Total 2810030000 0.009 0.108 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.000Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Firefighting Training, Total 2810035000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Summer Emissions (tons/day)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1272 (Though not shown in Figure 5.6-32 and Figure 5 .6-33, annual average daily emissions were calculated assuming 182-day wint er and 183-day summer seasons.)

Source-Specific Big 3 Study Methodologies - Ge nerally speaking, the emissions for the area source sector in the Big 3 inve ntory were developed by combin ing seasonally-adjusted local activity estimates with AP-42 em ission factors. Excerpts from th e Big 3 study report describing these data sources and methods are provided be low. Thus it also in cludes discussions of Anchorage and Juneau elements that were al so addressed under the earlier study and provide insight into local data and methods collected for each area, although only Fairbanks elements were utilized for this SIP inventory.

Fugitive Dust (Paved and Unpaved Roads) – Emissions of PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the form of fugitive dust from paved and unpaved roads were estimated for the boroughs of Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau. Calendar year 2002 road way miles of unpaved roads, along with the associated vehicle miles traveled (VMT), were estimated from local data and discussions with state and local agency staff. Paved roadway VMT was estimated by subtracting the unpaved road VMT from the total borough VMT. 4445 Calculations for both paved and unpaved road emissions were based on current procedures (circa 2003) in EPA’s AP-42 report. 46 A discussion of the procedures, data sources, and inventory results follows separately for unpaved and paved

roads.

AP-42 Emission Factor Equations – The equation in AP-42 for es timating particulate emissions from “dry” (no precipitation) unpaved publicly a ccessible roads dominated by light-duty vehicles is given as follows.

C M S s k E

  2

. 0 5

. 0

) 5

. 0 / ( ) 30 / )( 12 / ( (6)

Where:

E

is the dry emission factor in lb/VMT;

k

is a particle size empi rical constant (1.8 for PM 10 , 0.27 for PM 2.5 );

s is the surface materi al % silt content;

M is the surface soil % moisture content;

S

is the mean vehicle speed in miles per hour (mph); and

C

is the 1980’s motor vehicle particulat e emission factor in lb/VMT (0.00047 for PM 10 , 0.00036 for PM 2.5 ). 47

44 Discussions with DOT&PF confirmed that the total VMT is the best estimate of VMT from all road types—paved and unpaved—in the Borough.

45 Communication with Jeff Roach, Transportation Planner, Fairbanks Office, Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT&PF), June 2005.

46 “AP-42, Fifth Edition, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emi ssion Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources,” Section 13.2.1-13.2.2 Pave d and Unpaved Roads, Environmenta l Protection Agency, December 2003.

47 The previous versions of the unpaved and paved road emission factor equations in AP-42 included exhaust, brakewear and tire-wear emissions fr om vehicles in the 1980 calendar year flee t. These emissions are now estimated as part of the on-road mobile emissions and have decreased since 1980 due to lower new vehicle emission standardsEMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1273 Alaska-specific factors were used in Equation C M S s k E

  2

. 0 5

. 0

) 5

. 0 / ( ) 30 / )( 12 / ( (6) as much as possible

for estimating unpaved road emissions for the th ree boroughs. For the surface material silt content, 15% was used, which was the average fr om samples collected on unpaved streets in the Mendenhall Valley for a 1988 PM 10 inventory prepared by Engineering Science 48 for EPA. The

soil moisture content used in this analysis was 1.1% – the average found for measured unpaved roads in EPA Region 10. 49 Based on discussions with the City of Fairbanks and the City and Borough of Juneau, the mean vehicle speed on u npaved roadways was estimated at 25 mph. Unfortunately, no estimate for mean vehicle sp eed on unpaved roadways was available from Anchorage; therefore, the 25 mph estim ate was used for all three boroughs.

The fugitive dust emissions estimated using Equation (6) reflect the average “dry” conditions of unpaved roads in a given area. That is, the natu ral mitigating effect of precipitation would need to be considered as any increase in moisture redu ces the level of emissions from the roads. In order to account for the natural pr ecipitation that contro ls fugitive dust in the local areas, the dry emission factor E is adjusted usi ng the following equation from AP-42:



##   N p N E E unpaved / ) (

  (7)

Where:

E

unpaved is the final unpaved roads emission fact or adjusted for natural mitigation in lb/VMT;

N

is the total number of days in the study period (182 for summer and 183 for winter); and

p is the number of days in the study peri od with at least 0.01 in ch of precipitation (precipitation days).

Locality-specific precipitation days for Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau were derived from the monthly averages available from the We stern Regional Climate Center (WRCC). 50 The WRCC keeps records for days per month with measurable precipitation (at least 0.01 inch) for the three boroughs and has monthly averages over the last 50 years. Table 5.6-45 shows the average seasonal WRCC precipitation data for Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau.

and new fuel specifications. Therefore, this was subtract ed from the AP-42 paved and unpaved road fugitive dust emissions in order to prevent double counting of emissions.

48 “PM 10 Emission Inventories for the Mendenhall Valley and Eagle River Areas,” prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Engineering Science, EPA Contract Co. 68-02-4398, Work Assignment 7, February 1988.

49 C. Cowherd, Jr., et al., “Improved Activity Levels fo r National Emission Inventories of Fugitive Dust from Paved and Unpaved Roads,” Presented at the 11th International Emission Inventory Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, April

2002.

50 Average Number of Days with Measurable Precipitatio n for Alaska, Historical C limate Information, Western Regional Climate Center website, http://www.wrcc.dr i.edu/htmlfiles/ak/ak.01.html , Updated to 2004.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1274 Table 5.6-45 Days/Season with at Least 0.01 Inch of Precipitation
County/Borough Winter Summer

Anchorage 54
(stays on ground) 61

Fairbanks 50
(stays on ground) 57

Juneau 117 106

After discussions with ADEC staff and a review of the average winter temperatures in the area, it was concluded that the precipitation occurring in Fairbanks and Anchor age during the winter keeps fugitive dust under control dur ing the entire season. This e ffect is not seen in Juneau, however, where the temperate climate prevents the snow and ice to remain covering the roadways during the season.

Similar to unpaved roads, fugitive emissions fr om paved roads take into account road surface properties, traffic conditions, and climate for natural mitigation. The AP-42 equation which considers all these factors for estimating paved road emissions is:



##   N p N C W sL k E paved 4 / ) 4 ( 3 2 5

. 1 65

. 0

    

   

            

 (8)

Where:

E

paved is the final unpaved roads emission factor adjusted for natural mitigation in lb/VMT;

k

is a particle size empirical c onstant (0.016 for PM10 and 0.004 for PM 2.5 );

sL is the road surface silt loading in g/m 2 ;
W

is the average weight of vehicle traveling the road in tons;

C

is the 1980s motor vehicle particulat e emission factor in lb/VMT (0.00047 for PM 10 , 0.00036 for PM 2.5 );

N

is the total number of days in the study period (182 for summer and 183 for winter); and

p is the number of days in the study period with at least 0.01 inch of precipitation.

Equation 

##   N p N C W sL k E paved 4 / ) 4 ( 3 2 5

. 1 65

. 0

    

   

            

 (8) is analogous to the combination of

Equations C M S s k E

  2

. 0 5

. 0

) 5

. 0 / ( ) 30 / )( 12 / ( (6) and 

##   N p N E E unpaved / ) (

  (7) for fugitive dust from

unpaved roads. However, Equation (8) includes a factor of “4” in th e natural precipitation mitigation effects because paved roads dry quicker than unpaved roads after precipitation events.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1275 The road surface silt loading for the paved roads in the three boroughs were based on paved road samples collected from different roadway facility types in Anchorage between March and August of 1996. 51 These silt loading values as applie d to the summer and winter seasons are shown in Table 5.6-46. The average weight of th e vehicle traveling on the roads was set to 2.0 tons, which was used for the Mendenhall Valley paved roads in the 1988 Engineering Science report for EPA. 52 The days per season with measurab le precipitation (at least 0.01 inch) were

those shown earlier in Table 5.6-45.

Table 5.6-46 Seasonal Paved Roads Silt Loading (g/m 2 ) by Facility Type
Facility Winter Summer Interstate/Major Arterial 2.6 20.4

Minor Arterial 1.1 6.7

Collector 2.9 9.4

Local Roads 4.7 18.4

Both the paved and unpaved road emissions ar e expressed on a per VMT basis (lb/VMT). Therefore, VMT levels for the paved and unpaved roadways in the three boroughs needed to be estimated as explained in the following paragraphs.

2002 Paved Roadway Activity and Data Sources - The total daily VMT for a road is calculated as the product of the annual average daily tra ffic (AADT) and the roadway length in miles (VMT = AADT × Road Length). The traffic data necessa ry to estimate the VMT from the paved and unpaved roads for the three boroughs vary in scop e and detail, and a variety of methods were used to estimate VMT for the paved and unpaved ro ads. First, the total daily VMT for all roads were estimated for each borough. The VMT and associated emissions for unpaved roads was then estimated using the unpaved road mileag e and estimated AADT. Lastly, the VMT for unpaved roads was subtracted from the total borough VMT, and the remaining VMT was used to estimate emissions from the paved roads.

The average calendar year 2002 daily VMT data for the boroughs of Anchorage and Fairbanks were obtained from the Municipality of Anchorage (MOA) 53 and the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT&PF) 54 , respectively. The total daily VMT for

51 “Identification, Quantification, and Control of PM-10 Sources in Anchorage,” prep ared by Midwest Research Institute for the Municipality of Anchorage, April 15, 1999.

52 The paved road silt loadings used in this analysis are different from those used in the 1988 Engineering Science report prepared for the Mendenhall Valley, which applied na tional average default values in AP-42. Since the silt loading measurements taken in Anchorage represent locally derived, state-specific m easurements, these Anchorage silt loadings were used for all three boroughs.

53 Communication with Steve Morris, Environmental Qu ality Program Supervisor, Environmental Services Division, Municipality of Anchorage Department of Health & Human Services, May-June 2005.

54 Communication with Margaret Carpenter, Planner, Fairbanks Office, Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT&PF), May 2005.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1276 Anchorage was developed by combining the estimate s of travel for the urban nonattainment area, Eagle River, and Chugiak. In addition, VMT estimates for Girdwood and the rest of the Turnagain Arm areas and Eklutna were develope d using data and traffic activity assumptions from MOA. Estimated 2002 travel and averag e speed by facility type in Fairbanks were obtained from ADOT&PF for the entire borough. For Juneau, the 2002 VMT and average speed estimates by facility type were developed by extrapolating averag e daily travel and speed data obtained from ADOT&PF-monitored roadways to the rest of the networ k and adjusting 1999 and 2004 VMT estimates to 2002 levels using yearly population data for the Borough.

Table 5.6-47 shows the 2002 total daily VMT for each borough. Seasonal VMT adjustments

were available for Fairbanks to estimate wint er VMT (average factor of 0.92). However, no seasonal factors were available for Anchorage and Juneau, and the av erage annual daily VMT was used for both the summer and winter seasons for these two boroughs as a conservative approach. 55

Table 5.6-47 2002 Total Daily VMT by Borough
County/Borough VMT
Anchorage 3,286,323

Fairbanks a 1,869,833
Juneau 742,815

a Winter VMT are about 92% lower.

Unpaved Roadway VMT - The travel on unpaved roads in each borough was estimated using a variety of data sources. Ta ble 5.6-48 summarizes the data sources, unpaved roadway miles and VMT estimated for each borough. For Anchorage and Fairbanks, unpaved road VMT was collected for the summer only because winter precipitation and the presence of snow and ice completely mitigates fugitive dust from all roads during the winter season. The more temperate climate in Juneau results in fugitive dust emissi ons year-round. The nature of the data obtained and the means by which the VMT were estimated are summarized separately by borough below.

Anchorage - MOA staff were contac ted to obtain unpaved roadway data for 2002. Several sources of information were provided. First, the 1999 Midwest Research Institute (MRI) PM 10 Inventory report 56,57 contained the best estimate of th e 2002 roadway data and inventory of unpaved road emissions within the nonattainment area. In addition, MOA provided a 1987 conformity analysis for the Eagle River PM 10 nonattainment area, and a 2002 estimate of

55 Communication with Steve Morris at MO A indicated that their winter on-road mobile inventory analyses involve using the annual average VMT as a conservative, worst-case scenario.

56 “Identification, Quantification, and Control of PM-1 0 Sources in Anchorage,” pr epared by Midwest Research Institute for the Municipality of Anchorage, April 15, 1999.

57 In order to apply the PM 10 estimates to the seasons defined in this analysis, the emissions for October through

November were estimated as the winter average, while the emissions for March through April were estimated as the

summer average.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1277 unpaved road VMT in the area was derived from interpolating between the projected 2000 and 2003 estimate included in the analysis.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1278 Table 5.6-48 2002 Unpaved Road VMT and Data Sources

County/ Borough Data Source Facility Type Unpaved

Road Miles 2002 VMT

Anchorage 1999 PM10 Inventory Local 93.0 45,000
Eagle River PM10 Conformity Local 0.21 82 Eagle River/Chugiak Road Inventory Local 25.3 9,861 MOA Girdwood/Turnagain Arm/

Eklutna Estimate Local n/a a 1,068

ALL TOTAL 118.5+ 56,011

Fairbanks DOT&PF Minor Arterial 31.7 2,360
Minor Collector 26.6 6,594
Local 293.1 25,556

City of Fairbanks Minor Arterial 2.4 179

Local 4.9 424 City of North Pole Local 0.4 36

FNSB Major Collector 20.1 20,054
Minor Collector 240.6 59,681
Local 140.4 12,213

ALL TOTAL 760.1 127,097

Juneau DOT&PF Local 2.4 424
CBJ Local 12.4 2,178

ALL TOTAL 14.9 2,601

a VMT was estimated directly wit hout generating estimated miles.

For the Eagle River and Chugiak areas that are outside the PM 10 area, MOA provided a copy of the local road inventory, which lists the roads, road miles, and surface conditions. VMT for these roads were estimated by using an AADT of 390 vehicles per day derived from the unpaved roadways in the Eagle River PM 10 conformity analysis. Lastly, MOA provided a means of estimating the unpaved road VMT from Girdw ood and the rest of the Turnagain Arm and Eklutna using 2000 Census Bureau populations fo r these smaller commun ities and the entire borough. 58 The resulting unpaved roadway VMT estimated for the entire borough totaled 56,011 miles per day, all of which occur on gravel roads. 59

Fairbanks – The 2004 pavement data were obtained from ADOT&PF, which included a listing of the roadways in the borough, along w ith “paved” or “unpaved” designations. 60 As 2002 data were not available, ADOT&PF staff indicated that the 2004 pavement data are a good estimate of the miles of unpaved roads in the borough and that minimal paving has occurred between

58 Per discussion with Steve Morris of MOA, the following equation was used to estimate unpaved road VMT for Girdwood/Turnagain Arm/Eklutna (GTE): unpaved GTE VMT = (rest of borough unpaved average daily VMT)*(GTE population/borough population)*2.

59 Per Steve Morris of MOA, all unpaved roadways are gravel.

60 Communication with Kathleen Ramage, Road Network Se rvice Manager, Division of Program Development, Alaska Department of Transportation an d Public Facilities (DOT&PF), May 2005.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1279 2002 and 2004. The listing included all DOT&PF-ma intained roads in the borough as well as unmaintained public roads and some roads ma intained by other agencies (cities and the borough). Discussions with ADOT&PF revealed that the pavement ro ad data are up to date for the ADOT&PF-maintained roadways, but that th e information on roads maintained by other agencies may be outdated.

In order to supplement the ADOT&PF pave ment data, the City of Fairbanks, 61 City of North Pole, 62 and the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) 63 were contacted for their 2002 unpaved roadway data. The City of Fairbanks provided 20 02 roadway data, while the City of North Pole and FNSB provided current 2004/2005 roadway condi tions data. However, both the City of

North Pole and FNSB indicated that there have been minimal changes in the miles of unpaved

roads between 2002 and 2004/2005 and that the curre nt data are the best estimates for 2002 unpaved roadway miles available. The street name s and descriptions in th e data from the cities and the borough were compared to the streets in the ADOT&PF pavement data, and duplicate roadways were removed from the ADOT&PF roadwa y mileage in order to make sure no overlap or double counting occurs. Because ADOT&PF indicated that its information on roads maintained by other agencies might be outdate d, more credence was given to the city and borough roadway data on whether a street is “paved” or “unpaved” when the information

conflicted with that from ADOT&PF. A tota l of about 760 miles of unpaved roadways was found for Fairbanks, all of which consis ts of gravel or aggregate roads. 64

VMT data were not readily available for re maining roads in the borough. Limited VMT and

annual AADT information were obtained for some of the Fairbanks roads in the 2004 pavement data from the 2003 annual average daily tr affic records available from ADOT&PF. 65 Using the 2003 traffic data, estimates for AADT for 100 m iles of DOT-managed unpaved local roads, minor arterials, and minor collectors were found. For these, the 2003 AADT data were adjusted to 2002 levels using a 3.4% annual VMT growth ra te, which is the average VMT growth rate for the entire borough for the last three years obt ained from ADOT&PF. The estimated 2002 AADT levels were then used for the unpaved local road s, minor arterials, and minor collectors with no AADT data. However, in addition to these th ree roadway facilities, the borough had unpaved major collectors that did not have AADT data fr om ADOT&PF. In order to estimate the VMT for unpaved major collectors, an annual AADT level of 1,000 vehicles was estimated by FNSB

staff. 66 The AADT levels by facility type used to estimate VMT for the unpaved roadways in Fairbanks are shown in Table 5.6-49. Applicatio n of these AADT levels resulted in a total unpaved roadway VMT of 127,097 miles per day for the borough.

61 Communication with David Jacoby and David Weaver, City of Fairbanks, June 2005.

62 Communication with Jim Remitz, City Engineer, City of North Pole, May 2005.

63 Communication with Trent Mackey, Fairbank s North Star Borough, May-June 2005.

64 Due to climate and other roadway conditions in Fairbanks, all unpaved roads need to have at least gravel or aggregate, per discussions with FNSB, City of Fairbanks, and City of North Pole.

65 2003 Northern Region Traffic Volume Data Files, Alaska Highway Data, Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities website, http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwdplng/highwaydata/traffic.shtml#traffic_data

, July 2004.

66 Communication with Trent Mackey, Fairbanks North Star Borough, May-June 2005.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1280 Table 5.6-49 2002 AADT by Facility for Unpaved Roads in Fairbanks

Unpaved Facility Type AADT Source
Major Collectors 1,000 FNSB

Minor Collectors 248 DOT&PF

Minor Arterials 74 DOT&PF

Local Roads 87 DOT&PF

Juneau – Because 2002 unpaved roadway data were not available, the 2004 pavement data from

ADOT&PF 67 were used to estimate the miles of unpave d roads in the borou gh. In addition to this, ADOT&PF provided additional da ta on roadways that were not paved as of 2002 that were not included in the 2004 pavement data. 68 As with the Fairbanks data, ADOT&PF indicated that the pavement road data are up to date for the ADOT&PF-maintained roadways, but that the information on roads maintained by other agencies may be outdate d. Consequently, the City and Borough of Juneau (CBJ) was contacted for 2002 unpaved road data for roadways under their

management, 69 and the CBJ data were compared with the ADOT&PF data to eliminate duplicates and double counting. More confidence was given to the CBJ data when conflicting information existed on paving status for some roadways between the ADOT&PF and CBJ data

sets.

A total of about 14.9 miles of unpaved roadways, a ll local roads, was found for Juneau. Of this, about 11.8 miles are gravel or aggregate roads, 2.75 miles are undeveloped dirt roads, and 0.32 miles are overlaid with recy cled asphalt pavement (RAP). 70 As with Fairbanks, VMT and AADT data were limited. Consequently, th e only unpaved local road AADT available for

Juneau came from the 1988 PM 10 emissions inventory preparedfor the Mendenhall Valley by Engineering Science. 48 In the report, an AADT of 171 was obtained from counts performed on

12 local streets. This estimate was adjusted to 2002 levels using the borough population growth between 1988 and 2002. The 1988 population was es timated by Engineering Science in the

PM 10 inventory report, while the 2002 borough popul ation was derived by selecting the midpoint between the 2000 Census Bureau estimate and 2004 population data available from the Alaska Department of Labor a nd Workforce Development (ADLWD). 71 The resulting adjusted AADT applied to all unpaved local roadways in J uneau is 175 vehicles per day. This, combined with the total miles of unpaved ro ads in the borough, resulted in a total unpaved road daily VMT of 2,601 in Juneau.

67 Communication with Kathleen Ramage, Road Network Service Manager, Division of Program Development, Alaska Department of Transportation an d Public Facilities (DOT&PF), May 2005.

68 Communication with David Hawes, Transportation Planner, Southeast Region, Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT&PF), May 2005.

69 Communication with Mike Scott, Streets Superintendent, City and Borough of Juneau, June 2005.

70 Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is reprocessed pavement material containing asphalt and aggregates that, when processed properly, consists of high-quality, well-graded aggregates coated by asphalt cement. RAP provides some, but not complete, control of fugitive dust emissions from unpaved roads.

71 The 1988 total borough population was 29,946, and the 2004 population was 30,966, which results in a 2002 population of 30,584.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1281 Paved Roadway VMT – The resulting paved roadwa y VMT by borough after the unpaved roadway VMT were subtracted from the tota l VMT are shown in Ta ble 5.6-50 by facility.

Table 5.6-50 2002 Paved Road VMT by Facility and Borough

County/Borough Facility 2002 VMT

Anchorage Freeway/Expressway 501,789 Major/Principal Arterial 1,848,979 Minor Arterial 332,284 Collector/Intrazonal 197,141 Local 350,119
ALL TOTAL 3,230,312

Fairbanks (winter VMT are about 92% lower) Freeway/Expressway 221,207
Major/Principal Arterial 606,665
Minor Arterial 240,736
Collector/Intrazonal 581,797
Local 92,331

ALL TOTAL 1,742,736

Juneau Major/Principal Arterial 330,862 Minor Arterial 101,119 Collector/Intrazonal 122,311 Local 185,922
ALL TOTAL 740,214

2002 Fugitive Dust Emissions - The emission factors for paved roads found using Equation



##   N p N C W sL k E paved 4 / ) 4 ( 3 2 5

. 1 65

. 0

    

   

            

 (8) were combined with the paved road VMT

estimates for each borough to result in the PM 10 and PM 2.5 inventories shown in Table 5.6-51. The annual average emission inventories were es timated by weighting the summer and winter emission levels by the number of days in each season as defined by ADEC—183 for the summer

and 182 for the winter. The PM 10 and PM 2.5 emissions from paved roads varied only between the boroughs mainly because of the different VMT levels and partly due to the differences in local precipitation mitigation (Juneau has about double the precipitation days per season as Anchorage and Fairbanks). As previously not ed, based on discussions with ADEC staff and on the local winter temperatures, it was concluded that the fugitive dust from paved roads during the winter season in Fairbanks and Anchorage is fu lly mitigated by the amount of precipitation that covers the roadways dur ing the entire season.

Table 5.6-51 2002 Paved Road Seasonal Fugiti ve Emissions in Tons/Day

County/ Borough PM 10 (tpd) PM 2.5 (tpd)

Winter Summer Annual Winter Summer AnnualEMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1282 Anchorage 0.00 52.74 26.44 0.00 12.83 6.43

Fairbanks 0.00 24.74 12.40 0.00 5.99 3.00

Juneau 3.29 10.43 6.87 0.75 2.53 1.64 A summary of the unpaved road PM 10 and PM 2.5 emission inventories is shown in Table 5.6-52. As with the paved road inventories, unpaved ro ad annual average emissions were estimated by weighting the summer and winter emission levels by the number of days in each season. For

unpaved roads, Equations C M S s k E

  2

. 0 5

. 0

) 5

. 0 / ( ) 30 / )( 12 / ( (6) and 

##   N p N E E unpaved / ) (

  (7) were

used along with the borough unpaved road VMT in order to estimate fugitive dust emissions for Juneau (year-round) and Fairbanks (s ummer only). The Anchorage summer PM 10 emissions for unpaved roads for the urban nonattainment area and the Eagle River PM 10 area were derived directly from the 1999 MRI inventory report and the Eagle River PM 10 conformity analysis, respectively. The PM 2.5 unpaved road emissions for these areas were estimated using a ratio of

0.15 for PM 2.5 to PM 10 emissions, which was found to be consistent for all unpaved roadway

PM 2.5 and PM 10 emissions estimated using the AP-42 equations. The summer emissions from the rest of the MOA (outside the PM 10 areas) were found using Equa tions 1 and 2 along with the estimated VMT for the area. As previously noted and as reflected in the paved roads fugitive dust inventory, the effective precipitation during the winter in Fairbanks and Anchorage fully mitigates any fugitive dust from the unpaved roadways there during the winter season. As shown in Table 5.6-52, there is little seasonal difference in the unpaved road emissions for Juneau with emissions being sli ghtly higher in the summer.

Table 5.6-52 2002 Unpaved Road Seasonal Fugitive Emissions in Tons/Day

County/ Borough PM 10 (tpd) PM 2.5 (tpd)

Winter Summer Annual Winter Summer Annual
Anchorage 0.00 3.52 1.77 0.00 0.53 0.26

Fairbanks 0.00 39.90 20.00 0.00 5.98 3.00

Juneau 0.50 0.59 0.55 0.07 0.09 0.08

Asphalt Plants – Asphalt production data wa s supplied by ADEC staff for the Anchorage Fairbanks, and Juneau areas. This information is maintained by ADEC as part of its Minor Source permitting program. The asphalt production totals reported for calendar year 2002 in Juneau and Fairbanks were multiplied by AP -42 emission factors for asphalt production appropriate for the given facility, to give total tons of emissions per season. The winter season total was then divided by 182 days to give tons per day. Note that, unless a combustion source is equipped with a selective catalyt ic reduction (SCR) unit, ammonia emissions are considered to be negligible. Any ammonia present in the fuel or combustion unit, unle ss it is added during the post-combustion process, would be completely converted to NO
x at the temperatures under which asphalt production takes place. Calculat ion details are provided in Appendix C of the study report.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1283 Asphalt Paving – In estimating emissions from this source, the assumption was made that all of the asphalt produced by the asphalt plants listed is used locally, and all within the summer months (i.e., April through Septem ber). This is a conservative a ssumption for two reasons: first, because it is likely that at least a portion of the asphalt produced in the various areas was transported and applied to a roadway outside the boundaries of the Borough or Municipality; and, second, it is possible that not all the aspha lt produced during the year was used for paving the same year.

All particulate emissions from asphalt paving are in the form of condensable hydrocarbons (i.e., TOG or VOC emission factors), as discu ssed in AP-42 section 4.5 for Asphalt Paving Operations. The specific VOC emission factor used (i.e., 0.04 pounds per ton of asphalt applied), is the California Air Resources Board (CARB) recommended emission factor 72 for this

emission source.

Gasoline Distribution – This cate gory refers to organic gas emi ssions resulting from the storage and transfer operations at gasoli ne dispensing facilities. Emissi ons in this category can be divided into three types:

 Spillage;

 Vapors displaced through vehicle refueling; and

 Working and breathing losse s from underground tanks.

EPA’s on-road (MOBILE) and off-road (NONROAD) emission models calculate emission totals associated with the first two type s listed above, and are included in the totals listed in the area source summary tables. Emissions from the thir d emission type listed above were calculated using proprietary gasoline throughput data obtain ed from local producers. For this reason, the specific calculation methodology for this source ha s been reported to ADE C staff, but is not available to the general public.

Surface Coatings – This source, which was includ ed in the 1999 Air Toxics Inventory, is a source of VOC emissions only. Repeated attempts to locate area-specific coating usage were unsuccessful, and we have therefore used th e same methodology described in the earlier inventory. Calendar year 2002 national paint us age data were obtained from U.S. Census Bureau’s Manufacturing, Mining, and Construction Statistics. 73 Paint usage was listed according to three general categories: architectural coa tings, special-purpose coatings, and miscellaneous allied paint products. According to a repres entative of the National Paint and Coatings Association, 74 there are no paint manufact uring facilities in Alaska , and likely very little equipment manufacturing in the state because th e cold wintertime temperatures make yeararound production problematic. Therefore, with the exception of marine-r elated coatings, the total gallons listed under “Product finishes for or iginal equipment manuf acturers (OEM)” were

72 This emission factor is referenced in a document found on the CARB website at http://www.arb.ca.gov/ei/areasrc/draftmeth/asphcompar.pdf

. 73 This report is available on the U.S. Census website at http://www.census.gov/cir/ www/325/mq325f.html

74 Personal communication between Allen Irish of the Nationa l Paint and Coatings Association and Lori Williams of

Sierra Research.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1284 not included. Representative VOC emission fact ors were obtained from CARB’s Index of Area Source Methodologies, section 6.3 on Architectural Coatings. 75 All surface coatings are assumed to have been applied during the summer months, as Alaska winter weather conditions are not amenable to painting operations.

Wildfires – Total emissions from wildfires in Al aska are included in the Western Regional Air Partnership’s (WRAP) recently completed 2002 air emission inventory for fire. That database

shows that there were eleven FNSB-based wild fires in 2002, and one in Juneau. All wildfire activity was confined only to the summer season.

Open Burning (Firefighter Training) – Local st aff in Anchorage and Fairbanks provided activity data for this emission source. In Anchorage, fi refighter training was estimated to occur 28 times per year and to utilize 200 gallons of fuel pe r exercise, for a total of 5,600 total gallons burned during the summer months. All fuel burned was a ssumed to be Diesel. According to Fairbanks sources, such exercises occur once per month during the April through September time period, for a total of 1,200 gallons burned per year. In the absence of any more accurate emission factors, the methodology used in the 1999 Air Toxi cs report was used to calculate emissions from this source; AP-42 emission factors for reside ntial furnaces were applied to the activity data

discussed above. In the absence of any activity data for Juneau, the Anchorage emissions for this source were extrapolated to Juneau based on human population.

Structural Fires – The number of structural fires in Fairbanks was assumed to be the same as that used in the 1990 Fairbanks CO Inventory—one pe r inventoried day. Emission factors developed by the California Air Resources Board 76 (CARB) were applied to this activity estimate to generate the emission totals.

According to ADEC staff, there were a total of 363 structural fires in the Anchorage area in 1983. ADEC staff estimate this figure increased to approximately 400 fires per year in 1999, and the same activity rate was assumed for 2002. Appl ying this activity rate to the CARB emission factors discussed above gives what is likely a disproportionately hi gh level of emissions. This is because the emission factors include assumptions regarding combustible contents per square foot, average floor space, and percent of structural loss, which may not correspond to the structures burned in the Anchorage fires. Howe ver, in the absence of any other information, we

have calculated the emissions from this source based on the estimate of 400 structural fires, distributed evenly over the calendar year.

For Juneau, the total number of incidences for structural fires in 2002 was obtained from the

Juneau Fire Marshal. 77 A total of 11 structural fires we re recorded in 2002 for the entire borough; however, the Fire Marsha l estimated that about 65% of the fires occurred in the wintertime and 35% occurred during the summer. Emission factors developed by the California

75 This methodology is posted on the CARB website at http://www.arb.ca.gov/ ei/areasrc/fullpdf/FULL6-3.pdf

76 “Area Source Methodologies Manual,” Calif ornia Air Resources Board, June 1994.

77 Communication with Richard Etheridge, Fire Marshal, Capital City Fire/Rescue Fire Department, Juneau, Alaska, August 2005.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1285 Air Resources Board 78 (CARB) were applied to the seasonal activity estimates to generate the

emission totals.

Projection of 2002 Base Emissions to 2005 – The pr eceding paragraphs described the local data

sources and methods used to estimate calendar year 2002 seasonal and annual emissions for each area source category. 2002 base emissions we re then projected forward to 2005 using a combination of VMT and population forecasts as described below:

 Fugitive Dust – Projected 2005 paved and unpaved road dust emissions were calculated based on forecasted VMT growth from 2002 to 2005. For Fairbanks, this growth estimate was developed from ADOT&PF forecasts as described in the Big 3 study report. Annual VMT growth from 2002-2005 was 0.2% for paved roads and -2.1% for unpaved roads, the latter decrease reflecting paving some of what were unpaved roads in 2002.

 All Other Area Sources – Projected 2005 emissions for all other area source categories was based on population growth data a nd projections for the Fairbanks Borough compiled by the Alaska Department of La bor and Workforce Development. The ADLWD estimated an annual 1.1% population gr owth rate for the borough from 2002 to

2005.

Using these growth estimates, the 2002 base em issions were projecte d to calendar year 2005 under the Big 3 study and served as the prim ary basis for the Other Area Source sector (excluding space heating) of the SIP inventor y. Table 5.6-53 and Table 5.6-54 present the resulting Other Area source annual and winter av erage daily emissions, respectively by source category/SCC for 2005.

Table 5.6-53 2005 Annual Big 3-Based Fairbanks Oth er Area Source Emissions (tons/day)

Source Category SCC Annual Average Emissions (tons/day)

VOC CO NO

x SO

x NH 3 PM 10 PM 2.5 Fugitive Paved Road Dust 2294000000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.63 2.82 Fugitive Unpaved Road Dust 2296000000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.75 2.81 Asphalt Paving/Roofing

Materials 2306010000 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.01

Architectural Coatings 2401001000 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Commercial Asphalt Application 2461020000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Spillage 2501060102 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Displacement

Loss/Controlled 2501060103 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Working Loss, Gasoline 2501000120 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

78 “Area Source Methodologies Manual,” Calif ornia Air Resources Board, March 1999.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1286 Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Breathing Loss,

Gasoline 2501995120 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Forest Wildfires 2810001000 9.72 206.60 4.43 1.22 0.93 20.09 17.23

Structure Fires 2810030000 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Firefighting Training 2810035000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2005 Totals 10.89 206.72 4.44 1.22 0.93 50.58 22.86EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1287 Table 5.6-54 2005 Winter Big 3-Based Fairbanks Oth er Area Source Emissions (tons/day)

Source Category SCC Winter Average Daily Emissions (tons/day)

VOC CO NO

x SO

x NH 3 PM 10 PM 2.5 Fugitive Paved Road Dust 2294000000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fugitive Unpaved Road Dust 2296000000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Asphalt Paving/Roofing

Materials 2306010000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Architectural Coatings 2401001000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Commercial Asphalt Application 2461020000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Spillage 2501060102 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Displacement

Loss/Controlled 2501060103 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Working Loss, Gasoline 2501000120 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Breathing Loss, Gasoline 2501995120 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Forest Wildfires 2810001000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Structure Fires 2810030000 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Firefighting Training 2810035000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2005 Totals 0.45 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00

As noted earlier, there are significant seasonal va riations for most of the key source categories within the Other Area Source sector. In compari ng total sector emissions at the bottom of Table 5.6-53 and Table 5.6-54, winter em issions are significantly lower that annual daily averages, largely due to the fact that activity for many of th ese source categories is near zero during winter.



### I NCORPORATION	OF 

### C OMMERCIAL 

### C OOKING 

### E MISSIONS

At the time an initial Fairbanks gridded i nventory was developed under a 2009 EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) study, ORD deve loped a series of sector- and SCC-level comparisons of emissions between those develope d for Fairbanks from the Big 3 study within 2005 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) estimates for the borough. From this comparison, it

was determined that emissions from commercial cooking (charbroiling and frying) had not been included in the Big 3 estimates.

Commercial cooking emission estimat es were developed and incorpor ated into the SIP inventory using 2008 NEI-based estimates for Fairbanks. Table 5.6-55 shows these 2008 NEI estimates on

an annual basis.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1288 Table 5.6-55

2008 Annual NEI-Based Fairbanks Commer cial Cooking Emissions (tons/year)

Source Category SCC Annual Emissions (tons/year)

VOC CO NO

x SO

x NH 3 PM 10 PM 2.5 Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling /Conveyorized Charbroiling 2302002200 0.6 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.4

Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling /Under-fired Charbroiling 2302003000 2.0 6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.3 16.7

Commercial Cooking - Frying /Clamshell Griddle Frying 2302010000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3

Commercial Cooking - Frying /Deep Fat Fying 2302003100 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Commercial Cooking - Frying /Flat Griddle Frying 2302003200 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 3.8

Commercial Cooking Totals 3.5 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.1 23.2

Unlike many of the other categor ies within the Other Area S ources sector, commercial cooking

emissions were assumed to be constant over the entire year with no seasonal variation.



### 2008 B ASELINE	AND 

### P ROJECTED 

### B ASELINES

Emissions for other area sources for the 2008 base line and projected base line inventories to 2019 were developed based on simple borough-wide growth rates develope d from the ADLWD and

FNSB as follows.

First, 2008 baseline emissions were projected fr om the 2005 Big 3 estimates using an annualized growth rate of 0.87% (i.e., 1.026 growth multip lier) from 2005 to 2008 developed from the

ADLWD forecasts for Fairbanks. Next, projected baseline emissions in 2015 and 2019 were estimated using recently developed post- 2010 forecasts for Fairbanks developed by FNSB 79
based on the 2010 U.S. Census and local demogra phic projections. The long-term forecasted population and household growth after 2010 was for ecasted by FNSB at an annualized 1.0% rate averaged across the entire borough, resulting on growth multipliers of 1.062, 1.072 and 1.116 for household and population growth fr om 2008 to 2015 and 2019, respectively.

Given the relative magnitude of the Other Area Source sector within th e entire SIP inventory, these simple, area- and source category-wide pop ulation-based growth factors were used to estimate 2008 baseline and projected baseline emi ssions for sources within the sector. Table 5.6- 56 presents summaries of total Other Area Sour ce annual emissions for the 2008 baseline and 2015 and 2019 projected baseline inve ntories and shows the effects of these growth assumptions.

79 Email from and follow-up communication with Janet Davison, Fairbanks North Star Borough, July 11, 2012.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources

III.D.5.6-1289 Table 5.6-56 Baseline and Projected Baseline Other Area Source Annual Emissions (tons/year)

Calendar

Year Annual Emissions (tons/year)

VOC CO NO

x SO

x NH 3 PM 10 PM 2.5 2008 11.19 212.21 4.56 1.25 0.95 51.99 23.53

2015 12.00 227.52 4.88 1.34 1.02 55.74 25.23

2019 12.48 236.76 5.08 1.39 1.06 58.01 26.25EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1290 

### O N



### ‐ R OAD 

### M OBILE 

### S OURCES

This section of the Emissions Inventory Techni cal Appendix describes th e data/sources, methods

and tools/workflow used to estimate on-road vehicle emissions across the Fairbanks SIP modeling domain. EPA’s MOVES2010a vehicle emi ssions model was used to generate detailed

fleet emission rates and was combined with EPA’s SMOKE-MOVES integration tool to pass the highly-resolved and emission proc ess-specific emission rates into SMOKE-ready input structures for use in preparation of gridded, epis odic on-road mobile source emissions.

The sequence of steps in generating gridded ep isodic on-road mobile emissions using the

SMOKE-MOVES Tool 80 consists of: 1) MOVES model proc essing; 2) meteorological data preprocessing; and 3) SMOKE model processing. This process does not create emission estimates (e.g., in tons/day) as is the cas e with other sectors of the i nventory, but instead emission lookup tables are produced which are used by SMOKE to create photochemical model-ready emission fields. Local inputs were used where available wh en configuring each of the tools used in the steps of this process. The MOVES input da ta, resulting look-up tables and final processed emissions fields were develope d to reflect episode specific co nditions in the Fairbanks region during the spans of the two modeling episodes ex amined in the SIP’s attainment analysis:

 Episode 1 - January 23 rd – February 12 th , 2008; and

 Episode 2 - November 2 nd – November 17 th , 2008.

The first sub-section discusses MOVES model processing, documenting assembly of model input data. It also describes the meteorological data pre-processing and emission rate processing performed using SMOKE-MOVES sources. The ne xt sub-section explains the importing and model execution workflows used to generate ve hicle emission rates processed through SMOKEMOVES, including generation of lookup tables and processing pe rformed within SMOKE The final sub-section presents summaries of 2008 on-road episodic emissions by SCC code.



### D EVELOPMENT	OF 

### MOVES I NPUTS

Following EPA guidance for use of MOVES in SI P inventory applications, local data were assembled and analyzed to supply regional vehicle fleet and travel activity inputs to the model. Prior to detailed explanations of how the data inputs were developed, th e key sources of local

data are summarized below.

Key Data Sources - For the 2008 base year, MO VES inputs were based primarily on data gathered as part of the conformity analysis for the Fairbanks Metropo litan Area Transportation System (FMATS) 2012-2015 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) 81 . FMATS is the

80 B. Baek, A. DenBleyker, “User’s Guide for the SMOKE-MOVES Integration Tool”, prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Qu ality Planning and Standards, July 14, 2010. http://www.cmascenter.org/smoke/documentation/sm oke_moves_tool/SMOKE-MOVES_Tool_Users_Guide.pdf

81 T. Carlson, R. Dulla, “Draft Conformity Analysis for Federally Approved 2012-2015 FMATS Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), prepared for Fairbanks Me tropolitan Area Transportation System, July 18, 2011.EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1291 Metropolitan Planning Organizatio n (MPO) for Fairbanks. The timing of the FMATS TIP was such that it was one of the first regional conf ormity analyses conducte d using MOVES. Inputs for that conformity analysis were derived from local transportation modeling efforts, vehicle registration data, and other local data, each of which is discussed separately below.

Regional Travel Demand Modeling - Vehicle activity on the FMAT S transportation network was

based on the TransCAD travel demand mode ling performed for the 2012-2015 TIP. The TransCAD modeling network cove rs the entire Fairbanks PM 2.5 Non-Attainment Area (NAA) and its major links extend beyond the nonattainmen t area boundary as illustrated below in Figure

5.6-34.

Figure 5.6-34 FMATS TransCAD Modeling Network

The TransCAD model was configured using 2010 U.S. Census-based socioeconomic data. TransCAD modeling was performed for a 2010 base year and a projected 2035 horizon year. Projected population and household data relied on Census 2010 projections and a 1% annual R I C H A R D S O N H

W Y G o l d s t r e a m R

d

B A D G E R R

D O L D M U R P H Y D O M E R D

S T E E S E H

W Y E L L I O T H W Y

P E E D E R D

R E P P R D

P L A C K R D P E G E R R D A I R P O R T W A Y

C H E N A P U M P R D

H U R S T R D H O L M E S R D

C H E N A R I D G E R D B A L L A I N E R D

G A F F N E Y R D C O LL

E G E R

D

D S T

N E L S O N R D J O H A N S E N E X P Y

U N I V E R S I T Y A V E 2 N D A

V E F A RM E R S L O O P RD

S C U S H M A N
S T F R E E M A N R D

3 0 T H A V E S U M M I T D R

S t e e l e C

r e e k R

d

O L D R I C H A R D S O N H W Y

N E W B Y R D M O N T G O M E R Y R D

B e n n e t t R d

D A W S O N R D 1 7 T H A V E

E A S Y

S T

O L D R I C H A R D S O N H W Y S T E E S E H W Y

0 5 10 2.5 Miles 

# Ü

Fairbanks PM 2.5 Non-Attainment Area BoundaryEMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1292 growth rate in forecasted employment based on th e information from the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the Univ ersity of Alaska Anchorage.

Attachment B provides further details on the travel demand modeling runs and validation procedures.

Link-level TransCAD outputs were pr ocessed to develop several of the travel activity related inputs required by MOVES. Ve hicle miles traveled (VMT) tabulated across the TransCAD network for the 2010 base year and 2035 forecas t year are presented below in Table 5.6-57.

Table 5.6-57 TransCAD Average Daily VMT by Analysis Year, Daily Period and Fleet Category

Period / Vehicle Type Entire Modeling Area (PM NA Area) 2010 2035 % Change

Daily Period a AM Peak (AM) 132,469 187,841 41.8% PM Peak (PM) 380,135 509,440 34.0% Off-Peak (OP) 1,206,159 1,587,234 31.6%
Vehicle Type Passenger VMT 1,718,763 2,284,514 32.9%

Truck VMT 105,132 104,201 -0.9%

Total VMT 1,823,895 2,388,715 31.0%

a VMT by daily period was developed for the passenger fleet; truck VMT was modeled only on a daily basis.

Vehicle Activity Beyond FMATS Network – The geographic extent of the FMATS network covers a small portion of the en tire Grid 3 attainment modeling domain. Traffic density in the

broader Alaskan interior is likel y to be less than that concentr ated in Fairbanks (and have less impact on ambient air quality in Fairbanks). Nevertheless for completeness, link-level travel estimates for major roadways beyond the FM ATS network (and Fairbanks PM NAA) were developed using a spatial (ArcGIS-compatible) “Road Centerline” polyline coverage for the Interior Alaska region developed by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (ADOT&PF). This GIS layer identifie d locations of major hi ghway/arterial routes

within the Grid 3 domain broken down in to individual milepost (MP) segments.

These road centerline segments are shown in re d in Figure 5.6-35 along with the smaller FMATS link network (green lines) and th e extent of the SIP Grid 3 mo deling domain (blue rectangle). Annual average daily traffic volumes (AADT) and VMT (determined by multiplying volume by segment length) were assigned to each segment ba sed on a spreadsheet database of calendar year 2007, 2008 and 2009 traffic volume data compiled by ADOT&PF’s Northern Region office. A Linear Reference System (LRS) approach was us ed to spatially assign volume and VMT data for each segment in the spreadsheet database to the links in the Road Centerline layer based on the route identifier number (CDS_NUM ) and lineal milepost value.EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1293 Figure 5.6-35

Additional ADOT&PF Roadway Links beyond FMATS Network

DMV Registration Data – ADEC obtained a dump or snapshot of statewide vehicle registrations from the Alaska Division of Motor Vehicle (D MV) as of May 2010. The Alaska DMV database includes vehicle make, model, model year, Vehicl e Identification Number (VIN), vehicle class code, body style, registration stat us, expiration date and owner/ope rator address information. A

subset of valid data for the Fairbanks NAA was created by extrac ting records from the statewide database based on current registration status and owner/operator ZIP codes located within the

NAA.

As described in greater detail later under “MOVES Fleet Inputs ”, ADEC also applied a licensed

VIN decoder to the VINs for the Fairbanks NAA s ubset that provided add itional vehicle attribute information that was used along with the DMV attr ibutes to classify ve hicles into the MOVES Source Use Type fleet classification scheme.

Seasonal Vehicle Activity Surveys – ADEC has conducted a series of wintertime vehicle surveys in parking lots for commonly-fr equented businesses (e.g., shopping cen ters) in Fairbanks in part

as a cross-check to vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M ) program enforcement conducted P A R K S H

I G H W A Y R

I C H A R D S O N H

I G H W A Y E L L I O T T H I G H W A Y

A L A S K A H I G H W A Y Yukon-Koyukuk

Denali Fairbanks North Star

Southeast Fairbanks D A L T O N H

I G H W A Y

S T E E S E E

X P R E S S W A Y / H I G H W A Y

C H E N A H

O T S

P R I N G S R

O A D 0 40 80 20 Miles 

# Ü

FMATS Modeling Network and
Fairbanks PM 2.5 NAA SIP Modeling Domain

Beyond FMATS Centerline LinksEMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1294 by the Borough and to identify any seasonal variations in vehicle use. In conducting the surveys, personnel are stationed at various locations with in the surveyed lots (over multiple days) and record license (and make/model) information for vehicles passing/parking within their viewing area. The results are then bounced against the DMV database to determine the each vehicle’s model year.

The most recent set of parking lot surveys was conducted in early 2009. As described in detail later, this and similar earlier su rveys (with sample sizes of seve ral thousand vehicles each) have found a clear, recurrent pattern that older vehicles tend to be driv en less during winter because of drivability concerns under the harsh Arctic conditions.

MOVES Fleet Inputs - Outputs from the several of the sources summarized earlier were used to develop the vehicle fleet-related i nputs to the MOVES model runs. Each of these fleet-related MOVES inputs is described separately below. (The names of the individual inputs within MOVES are listed in parentheses.)

Vehicle Populations (Source Type Population & Age Distribution) - DMV registrations from the Alaska Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and recent 2009 Fairbanks Parking Lot Survey data provided the basis for the vehicl e fleet populations and age distributions used to model the

Fairbanks vehicle fleet with MOVES. As not ed earlier, the DMV data base includes vehicle make, model, model year, Vehicl e Identification Number (VIN), vehicle class code, body style, registration status and expiration date.

Using a VIN decoding tool licensed by ADEC, suppl emental information such as vehicle class, gross vehicle weight, vehicle type , body type and fuel type (e.g., ga soline vs. diesel) were also determined in order to help classify each ve hicle into one of the 13 MOVES Source Use Type categories. In Attachment C, tables spanning the first 10 page s list each of the key vehicle

attribute fields from the DMV database and VIN decoder outputs that we re used to categorize each vehicle record into one of the 13 usage- based “Source Type” categories as defined in

MOVES to characterize the vehicle fleet.

Table 5.6-58 lists each of these “Source Type” categories and identifies the primary vehicle

attribute fields in either the DMV database itself (DMV) or output from the VIN decoder (Decoder) that were used to determine the Source Type for each vehicle record.

For nearly all the records, th e Source Type could be conclusi vely determined from specific

combinations of these attributes. In some cases such as Source Types 51 (Refuse Trucks) and 54 (Motorhomes), single values of the Body Style fi eld in the DMV database were used to discern the appropriate Source Type. In other cases, Source Types were assigned based on categorical

values in several attribute fiel ds as noted in Table 5.6-58. In a few cases, vehicle make and

model fields were also examined and then fed to a web-based search engine to identify whether the vehicle was a single or combination-unit truck.

As also noted in Table 5.6-58, the DMV and VIN decoder attribute data were not sufficient to
distinguish between short-haul trucks (Source Types 52 and 61) and long-haul trucks (Source
Types 53 and 62). All of the single and combinatio n-unit truck records were assigned short-haulEMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1295 Table 5.6-58 MOVES Vehicle Fleet Source Type Categories

Source Type ID Source Type Description Primary Attributes/Sources

11 Motorcycle Class Code (DMV), Body Style (DMV) – Categories MB and MC, Vehicle Type (Decoder), Vehicle Class (Decoder)

21 Passenger Car Class Code (DMV), Vehicle Type (Decoder) , Vehicle Class (Decoder)

31 Passenger Truck Class Code (DMV), Vehicle Type (Decoder) , Vehicle Class (Decoder)

32 Light Commercial Truck Class Code (DMV), Vehicl e Class (Decoder), GVWR Class (Decoder) – up to Class 5 (16,001-19,500 lb)

41 Intercity Bus Class Code (DMV), Body Style (DMV), Vehicle Type (Decoder) , Vehicle Class (Decoder)

42 Transit Bus Class Code (DMV), Body Style (DMV), Vehicle Type (Decoder) , Vehicle Class (Decoder)

43 School Bus Class Code (DMV), Body Style (DMV), Vehicle Type (Decoder) , Vehicle Class (Decoder)
51 Refuse Truck Body Style (DMV) – Category GG

52 Single Unit Short-haul Truck Class Code (DMV), Body St yle (DMV), Vehicle Class (Decoder), GVWR Class (Decoder) – Class 6 and

above
53 Single Unit Long-haul Truck Apportioned from MOVES default 52/53 splits

54 Motor Home Body Style (DMV) – Category MH

61 Combination Short-haul Truck Class Code (DMV), Body St yle (DMV), Vehicle Class (Decoder) – Category “Truck Tractor”, GVWR Class (Decoder), Fuel Type (Decoder)

62 Combination Long-haul Truck Appor tioned from MOVES default 61/62 splits

Source Type categories of either 52 or 61. The SourceTypeYear table in the MOVES database was then queried to extract nationwide vehicle populations (for calendar year 1999, the closest base year to those modeled) for Source Type categories 52, 53, 61 and 62. Relative splits between short- and long-haul vehi cle fractions in these categories were then calculated and used to estimate the populations of long-haul single-u nit (53) and combination-unit (62) vehicles in

the Fairbanks fleet.

Table 5.6-59 shows the resulting summation of vehicles by their sourceTypeID as determined from the VIN decoder and DMV data for the year 2010. The 2010 population data was scaled back to 2008 values by backcas ting the vehicle population base d on the VMT rates of growth from 2010 to 2035. The VMT growth rates are de rived for each individua l HPMS vehicle type ID and then translated to MOVES source type ID . For the light duty vehicle fleet the annual rate of change in VMT was found to be 1.1%. The 2008 backcasted populations are shown in the rightmost column of Table 5.6-59.EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1296 Table 5.6-59 Fairbanks Baseline Vehicle Popul ations by MOVES Source Type

Source Type ID Source Type Description Vehicle Populations

2010 DMV 2008 Backcast
11 Motorcycle 4,234 a 4,201 a

21 Passenger Car 25,441 25,241
31 Passenger Truck 50,102 49,708 32 Light Commercial Truck 6,309 6,259
41 Intercity Bus 98 97

42 Transit Bus 53 53

43 School Bus 372 369

51 Refuse Truck 34 34
52 Single Unit Short-haul Truck 1,100 1,091 53 Single Unit Long-haul Truck 103 103

54 Motor Home 1,898 1,883

61 Combination Short-haul Truck 694 689
62 Combination Long-haul Truck 526 522

Total Vehicle Fleet 90,964 90,248

a As explained later, motorcycle activity in Fairbanks during the winter months was assumed to be zero.

The DMV registration data also identified the model year of the vehicle, which enabled distributions of populations by vehicle age 82 to be calculated for each Source Type and input to MOVES. For the three light-duty passenger vehi cle types (11-motorcycles, 21-passenger cars, and 31-passenger trucks), vehicle age distri butions from winter parking lot surveys 83 conducted by ADEC in Fairbanks during Janua ry and February 2009 were used instead of those based on DMV registrations. This is because it was f ound in both these 2009 surveys as well as similar parking lot surveys conducted earlier by ADEC in 2005 and 2000 that older passenger vehicles are driven less during harsh wi nter conditions in Fairbanks.

Figure 5.6-36compares the vehicle age fractions ( by age group) for light-duty passenger cars in Fairbanks developed from the DM V registrations and the Parking Lot Surveys. As Figure 5.6-36 clearly shows, vehicle fractions in the newer gr oups (< 15 years) from the Parking Lot Surveys are distinctly higher than from the DMV registra tions. This pattern is reversed for the older vehicle groups (15 or more years old).

82 Vehicle age in years was simply calcu lated by subtracting the model year from 2010, the calendar year in which

the DMV database obtained.

83 The purpose of the surveys was to collect data for assessing the performance of the I/M Program. A review of the location of the surveys found broad representation beyond the boundary of the CO nonattainment area in Fairbanks, North Pole, and Chena Ridge areas. While no data were co llected in Goldstream Valley, the results sufficiently represent the PM 2.5 nonattainment area to be used in the analysis.EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1297 Figure 5.6-36 Comparison of DMV and Survey-Base d Vehicle Age Distributions of Passenger Cars in Fairbanks

Another expected finding from the Fairbanks park ing lot surveys is that motorcycles are simply not operated during cold winter time conditions. Although motorcyc les make up roughly 5% of the Fairbanks-registered vehicle fleet, as shown earlier in Table 5.6-59, only a single motorcycle was identified in the entire sample of ove r 8,500 vehicles from the 2009 Fairbanks surveys (which represents 0.01% of the survey sample).

Thus, for Source Type categories 11 (motorcy cles), 21 (passenger ca rs) and 31 (passenger trucks), vehicle age distributions were based on the Parking Lot Survey data to reflect welldocumented winter season shifts to ward greater use of newer vehi cles in the passenger car and passenger truck fleets as well as non-use of motorcycles during winter months. These surveybased winter seasonal adjustments for Fairbanks have been employed in wintertime emission inventories developed in previous CO SIPs and transportation conformity determinations that have been approved by EPA and FHWA.

For the remaining MOVES source type categories (32 and above), age distributions were based on the DMV registration data for Fairbanks. A ttachment C contains a detailed table labeled “MOVES Age Distribution Inputs” showing the vehi cle age distributions developed for each of the MOVES source types using either the DMV or Parking Lot Survey data as described above. 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40

0

‐ 4 5

‐ 9 10

‐ 14 15

‐ 19 20

‐ 24 25

‐ 29 30+FleetFraction

Vehicle A g e (y ears ) Parking Lot Survey

DMV DataEMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1298 These age distributions developed for the 2008 Ba seline fleet were also assumed to apply for future fleets in the 2015 and 2019 modeling runs. 84

Gasoline vs. Diesel-Fueled Vehicl e Fractions (AVFT Strategies) – MOVES provides users the ability to override its default nationwide base d travel splits between different fuels and technologies. These Alternative Vehicle Fuel and Technology (AVFT) inputs are supplied to MOVES through the Strategies panel in the us er interface, not the County Data Manager.

In order to account for differences in splits be tween gasoline- and diesel-fuel vehicles in the Fairbanks fleet compared to the U.S. as a whol e, fuel fraction tables by source type and model year were also constructed using the DMV VIN decoded data described earlier. Not surprisingly, the MOVES default splits betw een gasoline and diesel vehicles was not representative of the Fairbanks fleet. Generally speaking, gaso line fractions were found to be

lower in Fairbanks than the nationwide-based MOVES defaults (and di esel fractions were commensurately higher).

This is illustrated in Figure 5.6-37, which compares the gasoli ne vehicle fractions by model year for passenger trucks (MOVES Source Type 31) from the Fairbanks DMV data against the default

fractions contained in MOVES. As seen in Figure 5.6-37, actual gasoline vehicle fractions for passenger trucks in Fairbanks are roughly 10% lo wer than the MOVES defaults (meaning diesel fractions are roughly 10% higher). Modest differe nces were also observed for some of the commercial vehicle categories as well.

As illustrated by the range of model years compared in Figure 5.6-37, DMV VIN decoder-based gasoline vs. diesel vehicle frac tions were available only for model years 1981 through 2009 (the VIN decoder only operates on 1981 and later models). In setting up the AVFT fuel split input to MOVES, the fuel fractions must be specified by model year, not vehicle age. For earlier model years prior to 1981, the MOVES default fractions were used. For model years 2010 and later, the DMV-based fuel type frac tions from model year 2009 were generally assumed to remain constant in future model years except in the passenger truck category where the MOVES defaults

reflect a modest increase in dies el penetration in future model years. For passenger trucks in model years 2010 and later, the MOVES defaults were used.

84 Although new vehicle sales nationwide have decreased during the last two or three years due to rising fuel prices and the economic recession, it is difficu lt to forecast when new vehicle sales w ill return to previous levels. Thus, although the baseline fleet inputs used in the analysis reflect recent depressed sa les patterns, the future year fleets do as well. This constant age distribution assumption over time avoids the problem of under-representing emissions in future years due to shifts toward increased new vehicle fract ions that cannot be predicted with any certainty. If new vehicle sales return to earlier historical levels, the constant age distribution assumption reflected in this analysis will be conservative (i.e., it will understate future fleet emission reductions).EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1299 Figure 5.6-37 Comparison of Passenger Truck Gasoline-Fu el Vehicle Fractions by Model Year

Fairbanks DMV Data vs. MOVES Defaults

Travel Activity (Vehicle Type VMT) – Estimates of VMT over the FMATS modeling network (covering the entire PM 2.5 NAA) from the TransCAD travel model link output files were processed and input to MOVES through the “Vehic le Type VMT” input w ithin the County Data Manager. The Vehicle Type VMT input must be in units of VMT per year, not VMT per day. The annual VMT must also be supplied by “HPM S Vehicle Type” which is essentially an aggregated version of the 13-category MOVES S ource Type scheme. Sin ce states are required to provide periodic travel (i.e., VMT) estimates to FHWA via the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS), EPA has designe d MOVES to accept VMT input by these HPMS Vehicle Type categories.

Table 5.6-60 shows the mapping of Source Type to HPMS Vehicle Type categories. It also shows how the Fairbanks baseline vehicle popu lations shown earlier in Table 5.6-59 were aggregated into the HPMS Vehicle Type categories.

The green and tan cell shading in Table 5.6-60 shows where the separate Passenger Vehicle VMT and Truck VMT outputs from the TransC AD transportation model were allocated. Passenger VMT applies to Source Types 11, 21, and 31 (shown in green) and Truck VMT applies to the remainder of th e fleet covering Source Types 32 and above (and shown in tan). 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015Gasoline‐FueledVehicleFraction

Model Year Fairbanks DMV Data

MOVES DefaultEMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1300 Table 5.6-60 MOVES Source Type to HPMS Vehicle Type Mapping

Source Type ID Source Type Description HPMS VehType ID HPMS Vehicle Type Description 2010 Baseline Vehicle Popn.

11 Motorcycle 10 Motorcycles 4,234

21 Passenger Car 20 Passenger Cars 25,441

31 Passenger Truck 30 Other 2 axle-4 tire

vehicles 50,102

32 Light Commercial Truck 6,309

41 Intercity Bus

40 Buses 523 42 Transit Bus

43 School Bus

51 Refuse Truck

50 Single Unit Trucks 3,135 52 Single Unit Short-haul Truck

53 Single Unit Long-haul Truck

54 Motor Home

61 Combination Short-haul Truck 60 Combination Trucks 1,220 62 Combination Long-haul Truck

Total Vehicle Fleet 90,964

These allocations were assumed based on a revi ew of the FHWA Vehicl e Classification Count

scheme 85 used by ADOT&PF to collect volume counts by individual vehicle classification and on which the separate travel model estimates of Passenger Vehicle and Truck VMT were based (see Attachment C).

This FHWA vehicle classification scheme is listed below.

Single Unit

 Class 01: Motorcycles

 Class 02: Automobiles, Automobiles with trailers

 Class 03: Pickup Trucks, Pic kup Trucks with Trailers

 Class 04: Buses (2 or 3 axles)

 Class 05: Delivery Trucks, Recreational Vehi cles, Dump Trucks (2 axles, 6 Tires)

 Class 06: Dump Trucks, Recreat ional Vehicles (3 axles)

 Class 07: Concrete Trucks, Fuel or Propa ne Delivery Trucks (4 or more axles)

Single Trailer

 Class 08: Tractor/Truck with Trailer (2 axles, 6 tires)

 Class 09: Tractor/Truck with Trailer (3axles)

 Class 10: Tractor/Truck with Trailer (4 or more axles)

85 “2006, 2007, 2008 Annual Traffic Volume Report, Northern Region,” Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, 2009.EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1301EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1302 Multi- Trailer

 Class 11: Tractor/Truck with 2 Trailers (5 axles)

 Class 12: Tractor/Truck with 2 or more Trailers (6 axles)

 Class 13: Tractor/Truck with 2 or mo re Trailers (7 or more axles)

The separate Truck VMT travel model output s correspond to FHWA Class 04 and higher vehicles. Comparing this FHWA scheme to th e Source Type scheme in MOVES indicates that FHWA Class 04 and higher clos ely represents MOVES Source T ypes 32 and higher. (See Table 5.6-58 for a listing of the Source Type categories.)

As highlighted by the boldface populations in the rightmost column of Table 5.6-60, this split of Passenger and Truck VMT from the travel mode l outputs falls within HPMS Vehicle Type category 30, which contains both pa ssenger and light commercial tr ucks. Thus in developing the HPMS Vehicle Type VMT inputs to MOVES, se parate allocations of Source Types 31 and 32 within HPMS Vehicle Type 30 were main tained until the end of the calculations.

The next step in calculating the HPMS Vehicle Type VMT inputs consisted of extracting average annual mileage per vehicle by HPMS Vehicl e Type categories from MySQL database 86
underlying the MOVES model. This was done by dividing annual VMT by HPMS Vehicle Type category in the MOVES database table HPMSVTypeYear (for the MOVES default baseline year of 1999) by MOVES default vehicle populations (als o for the model’s 1999 base year) contained

in the SourceTypeYear table after the Source Type populat ions were allo cated into the corresponding HPMS Vehi cle Type categories.

Table 5.6-61 shows these data from the MOVES da tabase and the calculated annual mileage per vehicle by HPMS Vehicle Type category.

Table 5.6-61 Calculation of Annual Mileage per Vehicle by HPMS Vehicle Type

HPMS

Vehicle. Type ID HPMS Vehicle Type Description Source Type Categories

Contained Base Year

Annual VMT

(millions) Base Year

Vehicle Population Avg. Annual Mileage (per vehicle)
10 Motorcycle 11 10,600 4,173,870 2,540

20 Passenger Car 21 1,568,640 130,163,000 12,051

30 Other 2 axle-4 tire vehicles 31,32 900,735 76,296,500 11,806

40 Buses 41,42,43 7,657 732,189 10,458
50 Single-Unit Trucks 51,52,53,54 70,274 5,726,791 12,271

60 Combination Trucks 61,62 132,358 1,887,707 70,116

86 The MOVESDB20100515 version of the database was used. This was the latest version released by EPA at the time of the conformity analysis and the initial SIP inventory development.EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1303 It is important to note that the MOVES base year 1999 data and resulting annual mileage per vehicle by HPMS Vehicle Type was used only to develop relative scaling factors by HPMS Vehicle Type to apply to the actual Passenger VMT and Truck VMT estimates from the

Fairbanks travel model runs. The Fairbanks trav el model VMT cannot simply be allocated to the HPMS scheme based on vehicle populations be cause the annual mileage driven per vehicle differs significantly across some of the HPMS Vehicle Type categories (ranging from 2,540 miles/year for motorcycles to 70,116 miles/year for combination trucks). Thus, the relative differences in annual mileage between HPMS Vehi cle Type categories were used to scale the 2010 Fairbanks vehicle populations by HPMS category shown earlie r in Table 5.6-60 to annual

VMT values. These values were then nor malized so that when summed across HPMS categories, they matched the total VMT from the travel model outputs and preserved the travel model splits between Passenger and Truck VMT.

A detailed table showing these calculations la beled “Calculation of VM T Allocations by HPMS Vehicle Type Category” is s upplied in Attachment C.

Table 5.6-62 presents the resulting annual VMT by HPMS Vehicle T ype category inputs generated from the 2010 and 2035 TransCAD model runs . In the absence of travel model outputs for 2008 and 2015, MOVES annual VMT inputs for those years were developed by linear interpolation (2015) and extrapolation ( 2008) of the 2010 and 2035 VMT by HPMS Source Type. (The highlighted columns in Table 5.6-62 represent the years [ 2010 and 2035] for which travel model outputs were available.)

Table 5.6-62 MOVES HPMS Vehicle Type VMT (VMT/yea r) Inputs by Analysis Year for FMATS Modeling Network

HPMS

Vehicle. Type ID HPMS Vehicle Type Description Extrapolated

2008 2010 Interpolated

2015 Interpolated

2019 2035
10 Motorcycle 7,363,918 7,422,302 7,910,930 8,301,832 9,865,440

20 Passenger Car 209,971,828 211,636,581 225,569,112 236,715,136 281,299,235

30 Other 2 axle-4 tire vehicles 418,980,729 422,302,600 449,156,427 470,639,489 556,571,737

40 Buses 1,020,906 1,029,000 1,027,177 1,025,718 1,019,884
50 Single-Unit Trucks 7,180,716 7,237,648 7,224,823 7,214,563 7,173,523

60 Combination Trucks 15,967,031 16,093,625 16,065,107 16,042,293 15,951,036

Total Vehicle Fleet – Annual VMT 660,485,128 665,721,757 706,953,576 739,939,032 739,939,032

Total Vehicle Fleet – Daily VMT 1,809,548 1,823,895 1,936,859 2,027,230 2,027,230

At the bottom of Table 5.6-62, total fleet VMT is shown on both an annual and average day basis, the latter for comparison to the travel model daily VMT outputs summarized earlier in

Table 5.6-57.EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1304 It should also be noted that the SourceType pop ulation inputs described earlier for the 2010 base year were calculated for the 2008 and 2015 analys is years by scaling the VMT for each analysis year in Table 5.6-62against the actual 2010 base year vehicle populations presented earlier in

Table 5.6-59 and Table 5.6-60 . In other words, the VMT growth over time reflected in Table 5.6-62 was applied to baseline 2008 and future 2015 vehicle population.

This approach assumed that the annual mileag e per vehicle was constant across all analysis years. Although one could estimate projected tre nds of VMT by vehicle type based on a series of MOVES national scale default runs, trends in annual mileage accumulation rates can vary by urban area depending on the growth rate and de mographics of each area. Trends in annual mileage rates are probably fairly small for an area like Fairbanks w ith very mild growth projected in the vehicle fleet and transportation network. Use of national scale MOVES runs would be based on nationwide proj ections of per-vehicle annual VMT over time that may or may not track well with Fairbanks; thus , annual mileage rates per vehicl e were simply held constant over time given the mild growth projected for Fairbanks at this time.

VMT on roadways outside the FMATS travel modeling network was calculated using the aforementioned spatial roadway VMT layer developed from merging the ADOT&PF Road Centerlines shapefile with 2008 AADT traffi c volumes for those roads published by ADOT&PF’s Northern Region office. Within Ar cGIS, a masking operation was performed to discard the Road Centerlines layer segments corresponding to roadways already in and

accounted from the FMATS travel model network. For 2008, total “outside FMATS network” VMT was 500,542 miles per annual average day, whic h was about 3.5 times lower than the total daily VMT within the FMATS network. VMT grow th in future years and the distribution by HPMS vehicle type was assumed to be the same as for that within the FMATS network.

Table 5.6-63 shows the resulting total VMT by HP MS Vehicle Type category for the entire Grid 3 attainment modeling domain, including the cont ribution from outside ne twork travel based on

the ADOT&PF data.

Table 5.6-63 MOVES HPMS Vehicle Type VMT (VMT/yea r) Inputs by Analysis Year for Entire Grid 3 Modeling Domain

HPMS

Vehicle. Type ID HPMS Vehicle Type Description Extrapolated

2008 2010 Interpolated

2015 Interpolated

2019 2035
10 Motorcycle 9,400,862 9,475,397 10,099,184 10,598,214 12,594,334

20 Passenger Car 268,052,466 270,177,708 287,964,139 302,193,283 359,109,859

30 Other 2 axle-4 tire vehicles 534,875,647 539,116,386 573,398,293 600,823,819 710,525,920

40 Buses 1,303,301 1,313,634 1,311,306 1,309,444 1,301,995
50 Single-Unit Trucks 9,166,985 9,239,665 9,223,293 9,210,195 9,157,802

60 Combination Trucks 20,383,697 20,545,308 20,508,902 20,479,777 20,363,278

Total Vehicle Fleet – Annual VMT 843,182,958 849,868,099 902,505,117 944,614,731 1,113,053,189

Total Vehicle Fleet – Daily VMT 2,310,090 2,328,406 2,472,617 2,587,986 3,049,461EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1305 Other MOVES Inputs – The remaining MOVES modeling inputs representing the Fairbanks

PM 2.5 nonattainment area included seasonal, daily a nd diurnal travel fracti ons; travel activity by speed range (or bin) and roadway type; freeway ramp fractions; ambient temperature profiles; I/M program inputs; and fuel specifications. Ea ch of these inputs was supplied to MOVES to represent Fairbanks spec ific conditions through the model’s County Data Manager Importer and are discussed separately below.

Monthly, Day-of-Week and Hourly VMT Fractions – In conjunction with annual VMT by HPMS Vehicle Type, MOVES also requires inputs of monthly, weekday/weekend, and hourly travel fractions. Based on data assembled by ADOT&PF from 2009 seasonal traffic counts, traffic within the FMATS modeling area exhibits a seas onal variation such that roughly 92% of annual average daily travel within the PM 2.5 nonattainment area occurs on average winter days (with 108% occurring on average summer days). These s easonal variations were incorporated into the MonthVMTFraction input table.

Day-of-week fractions were set to assume that travel levels are the same on weekends as weekdays. In the absence of a weekend or se ven-day travel model, this is a reasonable assumption.

Hourly VMT fractions were define d based on diurnal trip percentage s used to support the travel model development and validation that are listed in Attachment B.

Travel by Speed Bin and Roadway Type (A verage Speed & Road Type Distributions) – Linklevel TransCAD model output files were processed to prepare th ese two sets of MOVES inputs for each analysis year.

The roadway type classification scheme employe d in MOVES consists of the following five categories:

1. Off-Network;

2. Rural, Restricted Access;

3. Rural, Unrestricted Access;

4. Urban, Restricted Access; and

5. Urban, Unrestricted Access.

The “Off-Network” category is used by MOVES to represent engine-off ev aporative or starting

emissions that occur off of the travel network. For SIP and regi onal conformity analysis, EPA’s MOVES guidance indicated that the user must supply Average Speed Distribution and Road Type Distribution inputs for th e remaining on-network road type s (2 through 5), but direct

MOVES to calculate emissions over all five road types. In this manner, starting and evaporative emissions are properly calculated and output.EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1306 The first of the two sets of inputs, Averag e Speed Distributions, c onsists of time-based 87 (not distance-based) tabulations of the fractions of travel within each of MOVES’ 16 speed bins (at 5 mph-wide intervals) by road type and hour of the day. These inputs were calculated from the TransCAD link outputs by time of day. The Tran sCAD outputs consisted of travel times, average speeds and vehicle volumes for each link in the expanded modeling network for each of three daily periods:

1) AM Peak (7-9 AM); 2) PM Peak (3-6 PM); and 3) Off-Peak (9 AM-3 PM, plus 6 PM-7 AM).

Spreadsheet calculations were performed on the TransCAD link out puts to calculate time-based travel (multiplying link travel time by vehicle volume to get vehicle hours traveled or VHT)

across all links. The link VHT was then allocated by MOVES road type a nd average speed bin. (The link classification scheme employed in th e TransCAD modeling could easily be translated to the MOVES Rural/Urban and Limited/Unlimited Access road types.) Normalized speed distributions (across all 16 bins) were then calc ulated for each road type and time of day period and formatted for input into MOVES.

MOVES allows these Average Speed Distribution inputs to be specified separately by Source Type (i.e., vehicle category). Thus, individual distributions were developed from Passenger

VHT and Truck VHT tabulations of the TransC AD outputs. The Passenger VHT was available for each of the three modeling periods. Truck VM T was only available on a single daily basis. (As stated earlier, Passenger activity was a pplied to MOVES Source Types 11, 21, and 31, while Truck activity was applied to categories 32 and higher.)

Attachment C contains tabular summaries of the normalized average sp eed distribution inputs developed from the 2010 and 2035 TransCAD outputs. (Distributions for 2015 and 2019 were interpolated from the 2010 and 2035 outputs.)

Similar spreadsheet calculations were also pe rformed to tabulate distance-based (i.e., VMTbased) Road Type Distribution inputs to MOVE S. The resulting tabulations and normalized Road Type distributions are also provided in Attachment C. (Road t ype distributions for 2015 and 2019 were similarly interpolated from the 2010 and 2035 TransCAD outputs.)

Freeway Ramp Fractions (Ramp Fraction) – MOVES uses default values of 8% (or 0.08) to represent the fraction of time-based limited access roadway travel (Road Types 2 and 4) that occur on freeway ramps. Fairbanks-specific ra mp fraction values were tabulated from the TransCAD link level outputs and were supplied to MOVES in the Ramp Fraction input section of the County Data Manager to overri de the nationwide-based defaults.

These Fairbanks ramp travel fractions are presen ted below in Table 5.6-64 as tabulated from the 2010 and 2035 travel model outputs. As shown in Table 5.6-64, the Fairbanks ramp fractions in

87 MOVES requires Average Speed Distribution inputs on a time-weighted basis and Road Type Distribution inputs on a distance-weighted basis.EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1307 urbanized areas are higher than the default valu es in MOVES, reflecting the fact that shorter freeway lengths (with resulting higher ramp fracti ons) are driven in Fairbanks compared to the

nationwide-based defaults.

Table 5.6-64 TransCAD Ramp Fractions

Daily Ramp

Travel Fractions Fraction of Time-Based Lim ited Access Travel on Ramps

2010 Baseline 2035 LRTP

Rural Urban Rural Urban

0.062 0.181 0.068 0.208

For the 2008, 2015 and 2019 MOVES inputs, these va lues were calculated based on the linear rate of change in the ramp travel fractions between 2010 and 2035. The results of that

calculation are shown below in Table 5.6-65.

Table 5.6-65 Ramp Fraction Inputs by SIP Modeling Year

Daily Ramp

Travel

Fractions Fraction of Time-Based Lim ited Access Travel on Ramps

2008 Base 2015 For ecasted 2019 Forecasted

Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban

0.061 0.179 0.063 0.187 0.064 0.191

Ambient Temperature Profiles (Meteorology Data) – Episodic average temperature profiles were created per the guidance in the SMOK E-MOVES model documentation using the

MET4MOVES. Some MET4MOVES code modificat ions were made to allow for sub-monthly temperature profiles to be generated. Code ch anges are detailed in the SMOKE Source-Code appendix. Different temperature profiles are required as inputs fo r a number of MOVES runs to create lookup tables for rate per distance, rate per vehicle and rate per profile activities. The modified MET4MOVES program wa s operated using a version of the run_met4moves.csh script

included with the 2.7.1 version of SMOKE. The dates of the episode days, surrogates and ASSIGNS file were updated to reflect the SM OKE configuration for the baseline modeling episodes. Two script runs of the run_met4moves.csh file were performed to generate different average meteorology profiles for each episode . The MET4MOVES program requires the met field inputs already be processed through the Meteorology-Chemistry Input Processor (MCIP)

software.

The domain-wide ground level average rela tive humidity (RH), minimum and maximum temperatures for each modeling episode are presented in Table 5.6-66. These outputs have beenEMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1308 rounded down to the nearest 5 degree increment in the case of the minimum temperature and up to the nearest 5 degree increment in the maximum temperature case.

Table 5.6-66 Fairbanks Model Domain Episodic Meteorology Conditions
Episode Relative Humidity Min. Temperature (F) Max.Temperature (F) Episode 1 (Jan - Feb) 72.3% -50.0 30.0

Episode 2 (Nov) 82.3% -20.0 35.0

Daily temperature profiles for each of the episodes are presented in Error! Reference source

not found. . These profiles have been scaled to re flect the maximum and minimum temperatures for those respective episodes. These profile s form the basis of the RPV and RPP MOVES simulation meteorology inputs that are gene rated by the RunSpec generator script.

Table 5.6-67 Fairbanks Model Domain Episodic Average Temperature Profiles

Hour Episode 1 Temperature (F) Episode 2 Temperature (F)

1 -33.7 -17.8

2 -38.0 -20.0

3 -42.9 -18.5

4 -47.2 -13.1

5 -48.2 -16.2

6 -46.4 -17.1

7 -46.6 -15.6

8 -48.5 -19.8

9 -50.0 -18.8

10 -48.9 -18.2

11 -48.7 -9.0

12 -36.5 4.7

13 -10.6 14.7

14 15.7 26.6

15 30.0 35.0

16 29.1 32.3

17 12.3 19.7

18 -3.0 8.9

19 -11.6 0.8

20 -18.1 1.4

21 -22.1 -2.1

22 -26.2 -9.8

23 -31.4 -14.0

24 -29.2 -17.4EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1309 The RunSpec generator script has been rewritte n to use the average RH, minimum temperature, maximum temperature and average profiles to cr eate the RPD, RPV and RPP meteorology input

fields.

I/M Program Data (I/M Programs) – Since the Fairbanks Insp ection and Maintenance (I/M) program was terminated at the end of 2009, the “U se I/M Program” input element to MOVES for the forecast years of 2015 and 2019 was set from “Yes ” to :No” to account for the elimination of the program.

For the 2008 base year, I/M program characteri stics for the Fairbanks I/M program stored by EPA in the MOVES database were used to repres ent the existence of the I/M Program, with the exception of a 96% compliance rate, estimated from local enforcement data.

According to EPA’s MOVES documentation, I/M emission benefits are only assumed for HC,

CO and NO
x . No I/M benefits for particulat e emissions are assumed in MOVES.

Fuel Specifications (Fuel Supply) – EPA has developed detailed fu el specifications (e.g., RVP, oxygen content, sulfur content, etc.) for different gasoline and diesel fuel blends used in each county of the U.S. and has loaded these specifica tions into the FuelFormulation and FuelSupply tables in the MOVES default database. (The first of these tables identifies the detailed properties of a specific fuel blend, the second table identif ies that state and county of the U.S. and the calendar year to which it applie s.) Semi-annual fuel survey data collected by the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (AAM) we re reviewed to confirm whethe r the default fuel properties

for Fairbanks defined in MOVES were correct. Retail gasoline data for the 2008 winter for Fairbanks from the AAM surveys indicated th at sulfur and oxygen contents in MOVES reasonably matched measured levels.

However, Fairbanks diesel blends are not included in the AAM surveys. MOVES assumed

diesel fuel sulfur content of 43 ppm in 2008 through 2011 and 11 ppm in 2012 and later years. These sulfur levels are believed to be reasonably representative of those required under Alaska’s

Ultra Low-Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) regulation.

Thus, MOVES default gasoline and diesel fuel sp ecifications for Fairbanks were used in the analysis.



### MOVES D ATA 

### I MPORTING	AND 

### E XECUTION	AND 

### SMOKE P ROCESSING

Once all of the inputs were assembled, MOVES command input or “RunSpec” files and input importer scripts and processing workflows were se t up to generate model runs and feed outputs

to SMOKE as summarized below.

RunSpec and Importer Generation (SMOKE-MOVES) – Version 0.20 of the RunSpec generator script from the SMOKE-MOVES tool was used to create the MOVES RunSpec and import files for the RPD, RPV and RPP simulations in the baselin e. Modifications to th e script were made to allow for the use of Excel files and spreadsheet tabs in the importing proc ess with the exception of the meteorology inputs. AVFT data was added th rough a separate text file via a change to theEMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1310 RunSpec configuration script. The RunSpec r un control input for PO LLUTANTS was set to

both OZONE and PM in order to output pollutants for direct PM 2.5 , precursor pollutants and CO.

The met profile inputs for the RPD, RPV and RP P rates are created in the RunSpec generator script based on the outputs from the modified MET4MOVES program. A new meteorology type was added to signal the creation of RPD and RP V temperature profiles from the temperature maximums, minimums and profiles extracted from the episode-processed meteorology files. Table 5.6-68 lays out the number of temperature profiles create d for each of the model episodes

and rates calculations.

Table 5.6-68 Fairbanks MOVES Rates Temperature Profile Count
Rates Scenario Episode 1 Episode 2

RPD 1 1

RPV 8 11

RPP 66 36

Total Profiles 75 48

The RPD, RPV and RPP inventory importer scripts were run to import each of these different profiles with the 2008 ba seline vehicle activity, population and fleet characteristics. The generated inventory importer and runspec file s were submitted electronically to EPA Region 10

on October 9 th , 2015.

MOVES Simulations

– Following the importing of the RP D, RPV and RPP input data the RunSpec scripts were configured to execute a series of 75 MOVES runs for episode 1 and 48 MOVES runs for Episode 2. These simulati ons were performed with MOVES version 20100826

installed on a custom-built Linux co mputer (Intel i7 950 4 core/8 th read, 8 GB system memory, 1 TB hard disk drive) running Ubuntu 10.04 OS.

Lookup Table Generation

– The SMOKE-MOVES tools post-proc essing script was adapted for

use in the extraction of lookup tables from the series of scripted MOVES simulations. Lookups are generated covering the range of pollutant s specified earlier under “RunSpec and Importer Generation.” Some code changes were needed due to address a bug in the 0.20 version of the code described in the “MOVES and SMOKE Bug Fixes” section. Lookup tables are extracted

into text files that are then moved into the SMOKE inventory mobile source assignment

directories.

SMOKE Processing

– Three separate run scripts were used for the processing of the rate per distance, rate per vehicle and rate per profile inventories through SMOKE . Inventory processing through SMOKE utilizes the smkinvenis program described in gr eater detail in the 5.8 Modeling Emissions Processing section. The SCC-specific summaries were generated during the SMOKE

runs for these emissions inventories.EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources

III.D.5.6-1311 

### O N 

### ‐R OAD 

### I NVENTORY 

### S UMMARIES

SMOKE processing of M OVES2010a-based emission rates as described in the preceding subsections produced detailed sets of episodic on-road emissions (in tons/day) for each day, hour and grid cell within each modeling episode.

Table 5.6-69 through Table 5.6-74 li st baseline 2008 on-road daily emissions (averaged across all days and hours) by SCC code for each m odeling episode. For each episode, separate tabulations are provided for the Ra te per Distance (RPD), Rate per Vehicle (RPV) and Rate Per Profile (RPP) “modes” of the on-road inventor y. Table 5.6-69 through Table 5.6-71 list RPD, RPV and RPP emissions, respectively for Episode 1; Table 5.6-72 through Table 5.6-74 show similar tabulations for Episode 2. Totals summed across all SCC codes in the on-road fleet are

listed at the bottom of each table. Gaseous NO
x , SO
x and TOG are summed totals of their component species. Particulate matter is presented as total PM 2.5 and also broken out into components in the spreadsheet for organic ca rbon (POC), elemental carbon (PEC), sulfate (PSO 4 ), nitrate (PNO 3 ) and other particulates (PMFINE).

Finally, Table 5.6-75 presents a summary of on-ro ad emissions for the 2008 base year, showing total emissions by mode (RPD, RPV, RPP) summed across all applicable SCC codes for separately for each episode and for a weighted average across both modeling episodes, using the number of days in each episode (E pisode 1=19 days, Episode 2=16 days).EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1312Table 5.6-69Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 1SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2201001110 7.6E-01 7.8E-02 4.7E-03 1.7E-03 2.0E-02 1.7E-02 3.6E-03 1.5E-05 1.3E-06 2.9E-03 2.3E-022201001130 3.6E-01 3.9E-02 2.3E-03 9.2E-04 1.3E-02 5.8E-03 1.3E-03 1.3E-05 7.7E-07 1.2E-03 8.2E-032201001150 1.6E-01 1.8E-02 1.0E-03 4.2E-04 5.8E-03 2.6E-03 5.7E-04 5.8E-06 3.5E-07 5.3E-04 3.7E-032201001170 6.3E-01 7.0E-02 4.0E-03 1.6E-03 2.3E-02 8.4E-03 1.8E-03 2.3E-05 1.4E-06 1.8E-03 1.2E-022201001190 1.7E-01 1.9E-02 1.1E-03 4.4E-04 6.1E-03 2.3E-03 5.0E-04 6.1E-06 3.7E-07 4.8E-04 3.3E-032201001210 6.6E-01 7.3E-02 4.2E-03 1.7E-03 2.4E-02 9.8E-03 2.2E-03 2.4E-05 1.4E-06 2.0E-03 1.4E-022201001230 1.0E+00 7.6E-02 4.0E-03 1.5E-03 2.0E-02 2.8E-02 6.0E-03 1.5E-05 1.8E-06 4.8E-03 3.8E-022201001250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201001270 3.3E-01 3.6E-02 2.1E-03 8.5E-04 1.2E-02 5.4E-03 1.2E-03 1.2E-05 7.1E-07 1.1E-03 7.7E-032201001290 3.8E-01 4.2E-02 2.5E-03 1.0E-03 1.4E-02 6.3E-03 1.4E-03 1.4E-05 8.3E-07 1.3E-03 9.0E-032201001310 1.9E-01 2.1E-02 1.2E-03 5.0E-04 7.0E-03 3.0E-03 6.6E-04 7.0E-06 4.2E-07 6.1E-04 4.3E-032201001330 1.6E-01 1.8E-02 1.0E-03 4.2E-04 5.8E-03 2.3E-03 5.1E-04 5.8E-06 3.5E-07 4.8E-04 3.3E-032201020110 1.3E+00 1.5E-01 4.8E-03 2.4E-03 3.3E-02 2.8E-02 2.1E-03 2.3E-05 1.1E-06 4.9E-03 3.5E-022201020130 6.5E-01 7.4E-02 2.4E-03 1.4E-03 2.3E-02 9.2E-03 6.9E-04 2.2E-05 9.3E-07 1.9E-03 1.2E-022201020150 2.9E-01 3.4E-02 1.1E-03 6.3E-04 1.0E-02 4.2E-03 3.1E-04 9.8E-06 4.2E-07 8.5E-04 5.3E-032201020170 1.1E+00 1.3E-01 4.2E-03 2.4E-03 4.0E-02 1.3E-02 1.0E-03 3.8E-05 1.6E-06 2.8E-03 1.7E-022201020190 3.1E-01 3.6E-02 1.1E-03 6.6E-04 1.1E-02 3.6E-03 2.8E-04 1.0E-05 4.5E-07 7.7E-04 4.7E-032201020210 1.4E+00 1.6E-01 5.1E-03 3.0E-03 4.8E-02 1.8E-02 1.4E-03 4.6E-05 2.0E-06 3.8E-03 2.3E-022201020230 1.9E+00 1.5E-01 4.6E-03 2.5E-03 3.8E-02 5.3E-02 3.9E-03 2.8E-05 1.6E-06 9.1E-03 6.6E-022201020250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201020270 5.9E-01 6.8E-02 2.2E-03 1.3E-03 2.1E-02 8.6E-03 6.5E-04 2.0E-05 8.6E-07 1.8E-03 1.1E-022201020290 6.5E-01 7.4E-02 2.4E-03 1.4E-03 2.3E-02 9.5E-03 7.2E-04 2.2E-05 9.5E-07 1.9E-03 1.2E-022201020310 3.5E-01 4.0E-02 1.3E-03 7.5E-04 1.2E-02 4.8E-03 3.6E-04 1.2E-05 5.1E-07 9.9E-04 6.2E-032201020330 2.9E-01 3.3E-02 1.1E-03 6.2E-04 1.0E-02 3.7E-03 2.8E-04 9.8E-06 4.2E-07 7.8E-04 4.8E-032201040110 7.4E-01 8.2E-02 2.7E-03 1.3E-03 1.8E-02 1.5E-02 1.1E-03 1.2E-05 5.6E-07 2.6E-03 1.9E-022201040130 3.3E-01 3.9E-02 1.3E-03 7.0E-04 1.1E-02 4.8E-03 3.6E-04 9.9E-06 4.2E-07 9.5E-04 6.1E-032201040150 1.5E-01 1.8E-02 5.7E-04 3.2E-04 4.9E-03 2.2E-03 1.6E-04 4.5E-06 1.9E-07 4.3E-04 2.8E-032201040170 5.8E-01 6.8E-02 2.2E-03 1.2E-03 1.9E-02 6.9E-03 5.3E-04 1.8E-05 7.4E-07 1.4E-03 8.9E-032201040190 1.6E-01 1.9E-02 6.0E-04 3.4E-04 5.2E-03 1.9E-03 1.4E-04 4.8E-06 2.0E-07 3.9E-04 2.4E-032201040210 6.5E-01 7.8E-02 2.5E-03 1.4E-03 2.2E-02 8.8E-03 6.7E-04 2.0E-05 8.5E-07 1.8E-03 1.1E-022201040230 9.6E-01 7.8E-02 2.4E-03 1.3E-03 1.9E-02 2.7E-02 2.0E-03 1.4E-05 8.0E-07 4.7E-03 3.4E-022201040250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201040270 3.0E-01 3.5E-02 1.1E-03 6.5E-04 1.0E-02 4.4E-03 3.3E-04 1.0E-05 4.3E-07 9.0E-04 5.7E-03EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1313Table 5.6-69Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 1SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2201040290 3.3E-01 3.8E-02 1.2E-03 7.2E-04 1.1E-02 4.9E-03 3.7E-04 1.1E-05 4.7E-07 9.9E-04 6.3E-032201040310 1.9E-01 2.2E-02 7.1E-04 4.1E-04 6.6E-03 2.6E-03 2.0E-04 6.3E-06 2.7E-07 5.4E-04 3.4E-032201040330 1.6E-01 1.8E-02 5.9E-04 3.4E-04 5.5E-03 2.0E-03 1.5E-04 5.2E-06 2.2E-07 4.2E-04 2.6E-032201070110 3.0E-01 3.0E-02 6.0E-04 3.5E-04 7.1E-03 7.4E-03 5.4E-04 4.1E-06 2.0E-07 1.3E-03 9.2E-032201070130 1.2E-01 1.3E-02 2.9E-04 1.8E-04 4.2E-03 2.1E-03 1.6E-04 2.9E-06 1.2E-07 3.9E-04 2.7E-032201070150 5.5E-02 5.9E-03 1.3E-04 8.1E-05 1.9E-03 9.6E-04 7.1E-05 1.3E-06 5.6E-08 1.8E-04 1.2E-032201070170 2.2E-01 2.3E-02 5.1E-04 3.2E-04 7.5E-03 3.0E-03 2.3E-04 5.2E-06 2.2E-07 5.8E-04 3.8E-032201070190 5.8E-02 6.2E-03 1.4E-04 8.6E-05 2.0E-03 8.2E-04 6.1E-05 1.4E-06 5.9E-08 1.6E-04 1.0E-032201070210 2.3E-01 2.4E-02 5.3E-04 3.3E-04 7.8E-03 3.6E-03 2.7E-04 5.4E-06 2.3E-07 6.7E-04 4.5E-032201070230 5.8E-01 4.1E-02 6.0E-04 4.3E-04 1.3E-02 1.2E-02 9.1E-04 5.9E-06 3.1E-07 2.1E-03 1.6E-022201070250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201070270 1.0E-01 1.1E-02 2.4E-04 1.5E-04 3.6E-03 1.7E-03 1.2E-04 2.7E-06 1.1E-07 3.2E-04 2.1E-032201070290 1.1E-01 1.2E-02 2.6E-04 1.7E-04 4.0E-03 1.8E-03 1.4E-04 2.9E-06 1.2E-07 3.5E-04 2.3E-032201070310 6.0E-02 6.2E-03 1.4E-04 9.0E-05 2.2E-03 9.3E-04 7.0E-05 1.6E-06 6.6E-08 1.8E-04 1.2E-032201070330 5.0E-02 5.2E-03 1.2E-04 7.5E-05 1.8E-03 7.2E-04 5.4E-05 1.3E-06 5.4E-08 1.4E-04 9.2E-042201080110 3.2E-01 8.0E-03 1.0E-04 7.4E-05 9.7E-03 2.4E-03 5.3E-04 4.3E-07 1.2E-07 4.1E-04 3.4E-032201080130 1.5E-01 3.4E-03 4.2E-05 3.7E-05 6.4E-03 8.4E-04 1.8E-04 2.3E-07 4.4E-08 1.4E-04 1.2E-032201080150 7.0E-02 1.6E-03 1.9E-05 1.7E-05 2.9E-03 3.8E-04 8.3E-05 1.1E-07 2.0E-08 6.4E-05 5.3E-042201080170 2.7E-01 6.0E-03 7.3E-05 6.6E-05 1.1E-02 1.2E-03 2.6E-04 4.1E-07 7.8E-08 2.1E-04 1.7E-032201080190 7.4E-02 1.6E-03 2.0E-05 1.8E-05 3.0E-03 3.3E-04 7.2E-05 1.1E-07 2.1E-08 5.6E-05 4.6E-042201080210 2.9E-01 6.3E-03 7.7E-05 6.9E-05 1.2E-02 1.4E-03 3.1E-04 4.3E-07 8.2E-08 2.4E-04 2.0E-032201080230 2.6E-01 6.2E-03 7.9E-05 6.2E-05 8.6E-03 4.1E-03 8.9E-04 3.6E-07 1.9E-07 6.8E-04 5.6E-032201080250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201080270 1.3E-01 2.9E-03 3.5E-05 3.2E-05 5.5E-03 7.3E-04 1.6E-04 2.0E-07 3.7E-08 1.2E-04 1.0E-032201080290 1.4E-01 3.2E-03 3.9E-05 3.5E-05 6.0E-03 8.1E-04 1.8E-04 2.2E-07 4.1E-08 1.4E-04 1.1E-032201080310 7.8E-02 1.7E-03 2.1E-05 1.9E-05 3.2E-03 4.1E-04 8.9E-05 1.2E-07 2.2E-08 6.9E-05 5.7E-042201080330 6.5E-02 1.4E-03 1.7E-05 1.6E-05 2.7E-03 3.2E-04 6.9E-05 9.8E-08 1.8E-08 5.4E-05 4.4E-042230001110 1.1E-04 6.7E-04 4.2E-06 6.4E-06 4.0E-05 5.0E-06 3.3E-05 4.7E-07 2.1E-09 7.6E-07 4.0E-052230001130 8.3E-05 4.4E-04 2.2E-06 3.8E-06 2.7E-05 4.0E-06 1.1E-05 3.0E-07 2.3E-09 9.8E-07 1.7E-052230001150 3.7E-05 2.0E-04 9.9E-07 1.7E-06 1.2E-05 1.8E-06 5.2E-06 1.4E-07 1.0E-09 4.4E-07 7.6E-062230001170 1.5E-04 7.8E-04 3.9E-06 6.7E-06 4.7E-05 7.1E-06 2.0E-05 5.3E-07 4.1E-09 1.7E-06 3.0E-052230001190 4.0E-05 2.1E-04 1.0E-06 1.8E-06 1.3E-05 1.9E-06 5.5E-06 1.4E-07 1.1E-09 4.7E-07 8.0E-062230001210 1.5E-04 8.2E-04 4.0E-06 7.0E-06 5.0E-05 7.4E-06 2.1E-05 5.5E-07 4.3E-09 1.8E-06 3.1E-052230001230 1.1E-04 6.1E-04 3.3E-06 5.9E-06 3.5E-05 6.0E-06 5.6E-05 4.4E-07 2.2E-09 8.8E-07 6.3E-05EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1314Table 5.6-69Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 1SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2230001250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230001270 7.3E-05 3.8E-04 1.8E-06 3.3E-06 2.4E-05 3.7E-06 9.1E-06 2.6E-07 2.2E-09 9.6E-07 1.4E-052230001290 8.1E-05 4.2E-04 2.0E-06 3.6E-06 2.6E-05 4.0E-06 1.0E-05 2.9E-07 2.4E-09 1.0E-06 1.5E-052230001310 4.3E-05 2.2E-04 1.1E-06 1.9E-06 1.4E-05 2.2E-06 5.4E-06 1.5E-07 1.3E-09 5.6E-07 8.3E-062230001330 3.6E-05 1.9E-04 9.0E-07 1.6E-06 1.2E-05 1.8E-06 4.5E-06 1.3E-07 1.1E-09 4.7E-07 6.9E-062230060110 1.6E-02 3.0E-02 2.0E-04 1.7E-04 4.6E-03 3.1E-04 1.6E-03 1.2E-05 4.4E-08 1.7E-05 2.0E-032230060130 1.1E-02 1.8E-02 9.4E-05 9.1E-05 3.0E-03 3.0E-04 8.0E-04 7.1E-06 4.8E-08 2.1E-05 1.1E-032230060150 4.9E-03 8.3E-03 4.3E-05 4.1E-05 1.4E-03 1.4E-04 3.6E-04 3.2E-06 2.2E-08 9.6E-06 5.1E-042230060170 1.9E-02 3.2E-02 1.7E-04 1.6E-04 5.3E-03 5.3E-04 1.4E-03 1.3E-05 8.5E-08 3.7E-05 2.0E-032230060190 5.1E-03 8.7E-03 4.5E-05 4.3E-05 1.4E-03 1.4E-04 3.8E-04 3.4E-06 2.3E-08 1.0E-05 5.4E-042230060210 2.0E-02 3.4E-02 1.7E-04 1.7E-04 5.6E-03 5.6E-04 1.5E-03 1.3E-05 8.9E-08 3.9E-05 2.1E-032230060230 1.7E-02 3.4E-02 1.9E-04 1.8E-04 4.9E-03 3.9E-04 1.9E-03 1.3E-05 6.0E-08 2.4E-05 2.3E-032230060250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230060270 9.5E-03 1.6E-02 7.6E-05 7.6E-05 2.6E-03 2.9E-04 6.5E-04 6.1E-06 4.5E-08 2.0E-05 9.6E-042230060290 1.0E-02 1.7E-02 8.4E-05 8.4E-05 2.9E-03 3.2E-04 7.1E-04 6.7E-06 5.0E-08 2.2E-05 1.1E-032230060310 5.6E-03 9.2E-03 4.5E-05 4.5E-05 1.5E-03 1.7E-04 3.8E-04 3.6E-06 2.7E-08 1.2E-05 5.7E-042230060330 4.6E-03 7.6E-03 3.7E-05 3.7E-05 1.3E-03 1.4E-04 3.2E-04 3.0E-06 2.2E-08 9.8E-06 4.7E-042230071110 7.3E-03 1.4E-02 9.2E-05 7.7E-05 2.2E-03 1.4E-04 7.4E-04 5.6E-06 2.0E-08 7.8E-06 8.9E-042230071130 5.0E-03 8.5E-03 4.4E-05 4.2E-05 1.4E-03 1.4E-04 3.7E-04 3.3E-06 2.2E-08 9.8E-06 5.2E-042230071150 2.3E-03 3.9E-03 2.0E-05 1.9E-05 6.4E-04 6.2E-05 1.7E-04 1.5E-06 1.0E-08 4.4E-06 2.3E-042230071170 8.9E-03 1.5E-02 7.8E-05 7.5E-05 2.5E-03 2.4E-04 6.4E-04 5.9E-06 3.9E-08 1.7E-05 9.1E-042230071190 2.4E-03 4.1E-03 2.1E-05 2.0E-05 6.7E-04 6.6E-05 1.7E-04 1.6E-06 1.1E-08 4.7E-06 2.5E-042230071210 9.3E-03 1.6E-02 8.2E-05 7.9E-05 2.6E-03 2.6E-04 6.8E-04 6.2E-06 4.1E-08 1.8E-05 9.6E-042230071230 7.9E-03 1.6E-02 8.8E-05 8.4E-05 2.3E-03 1.8E-04 8.6E-04 6.2E-06 2.7E-08 1.1E-05 1.1E-032230071250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230071270 4.5E-03 7.4E-03 3.6E-05 3.6E-05 1.2E-03 1.3E-04 3.0E-04 2.9E-06 2.1E-08 9.5E-06 4.5E-042230071290 5.0E-03 8.1E-03 4.0E-05 4.0E-05 1.4E-03 1.5E-04 3.3E-04 3.2E-06 2.3E-08 1.0E-05 4.9E-042230071310 2.7E-03 4.4E-03 2.1E-05 2.1E-05 7.3E-04 7.8E-05 1.8E-04 1.7E-06 1.3E-08 5.6E-06 2.6E-042230071330 2.2E-03 3.6E-03 1.8E-05 1.8E-05 6.1E-04 6.5E-05 1.5E-04 1.4E-06 1.0E-08 4.6E-06 2.2E-042230072110 3.5E-02 6.4E-02 4.3E-04 3.5E-04 1.0E-02 6.7E-04 3.6E-03 2.6E-05 9.5E-08 3.6E-05 4.3E-032230072130 2.3E-02 3.9E-02 2.0E-04 1.9E-04 6.5E-03 6.5E-04 1.7E-03 1.5E-05 1.0E-07 4.5E-05 2.4E-032230072150 1.0E-02 1.8E-02 9.0E-05 8.6E-05 2.9E-03 2.9E-04 7.8E-04 6.8E-06 4.6E-08 2.0E-05 1.1E-032230072170 4.1E-02 6.9E-02 3.5E-04 3.4E-04 1.1E-02 1.1E-03 3.0E-03 2.6E-05 1.8E-07 7.9E-05 4.3E-032230072190 1.1E-02 1.9E-02 9.5E-05 9.1E-05 3.1E-03 3.1E-04 8.2E-04 7.2E-06 4.9E-08 2.1E-05 1.2E-03EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1315Table 5.6-69Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 1SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2230072210 4.3E-02 7.2E-02 3.7E-04 3.5E-04 1.2E-02 1.2E-03 3.2E-03 2.8E-05 1.9E-07 8.3E-05 4.5E-032230072230 3.9E-02 7.7E-02 4.3E-04 4.0E-04 1.1E-02 9.0E-04 4.3E-03 3.0E-05 1.3E-07 5.5E-05 5.3E-032230072250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230072270 2.1E-02 3.3E-02 1.6E-04 1.6E-04 5.7E-03 6.2E-04 1.4E-03 1.3E-05 9.7E-08 4.3E-05 2.1E-032230072290 2.3E-02 3.7E-02 1.8E-04 1.8E-04 6.3E-03 6.8E-04 1.5E-03 1.4E-05 1.1E-07 4.7E-05 2.3E-032230072310 1.2E-02 2.0E-02 9.6E-05 9.5E-05 3.4E-03 3.7E-04 8.3E-04 7.6E-06 5.7E-08 2.5E-05 1.2E-032230072330 1.0E-02 1.6E-02 8.0E-05 7.9E-05 2.8E-03 3.0E-04 6.9E-04 6.3E-06 4.7E-08 2.1E-05 1.0E-032230073110 9.3E-03 4.0E-02 8.4E-05 1.4E-04 2.8E-03 5.5E-04 1.4E-03 1.0E-05 4.9E-08 2.1E-05 2.0E-032230073130 4.6E-03 1.9E-02 3.2E-05 6.2E-05 1.5E-03 3.4E-04 6.6E-04 5.2E-06 4.7E-08 2.2E-05 1.0E-032230073150 2.1E-03 8.5E-03 1.5E-05 2.8E-05 6.7E-04 1.5E-04 3.0E-04 2.3E-06 2.1E-08 9.8E-06 4.6E-042230073170 8.2E-03 3.3E-02 5.7E-05 1.1E-04 2.6E-03 6.0E-04 1.2E-03 9.2E-06 8.3E-08 3.8E-05 1.8E-032230073190 2.2E-03 9.0E-03 1.5E-05 3.0E-05 7.1E-04 1.6E-04 3.1E-04 2.5E-06 2.2E-08 1.0E-05 4.9E-042230073210 8.6E-03 3.5E-02 6.0E-05 1.2E-04 2.7E-03 6.3E-04 1.2E-03 9.6E-06 8.7E-08 4.0E-05 1.9E-032230073230 1.5E-02 7.1E-02 1.2E-04 2.4E-04 4.5E-03 9.0E-04 2.8E-03 1.9E-05 1.1E-07 4.8E-05 3.8E-032230073250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230073270 3.7E-03 1.5E-02 2.5E-05 5.0E-05 1.2E-03 2.8E-04 5.2E-04 4.2E-06 4.1E-08 1.9E-05 8.3E-042230073290 4.1E-03 1.7E-02 2.8E-05 5.5E-05 1.3E-03 3.1E-04 5.7E-04 4.6E-06 4.5E-08 2.1E-05 9.1E-042230073310 2.2E-03 8.9E-03 1.5E-05 2.9E-05 7.1E-04 1.7E-04 3.1E-04 2.5E-06 2.4E-08 1.1E-05 4.9E-042230073330 1.8E-03 7.4E-03 1.2E-05 2.4E-05 5.9E-04 1.4E-04 2.6E-04 2.1E-06 2.0E-08 9.3E-06 4.1E-042230074110 3.1E-02 1.6E-01 2.5E-04 5.3E-04 7.0E-03 1.1E-03 5.7E-03 3.9E-05 1.5E-07 6.0E-05 6.9E-032230074130 1.5E-02 7.1E-02 9.8E-05 2.4E-04 3.5E-03 7.3E-04 3.0E-03 2.0E-05 1.6E-07 7.2E-05 3.8E-032230074150 7.0E-03 3.2E-02 4.4E-05 1.1E-04 1.6E-03 3.3E-04 1.4E-03 9.0E-06 7.1E-08 3.3E-05 1.7E-032230074170 2.7E-02 1.3E-01 1.7E-04 4.3E-04 6.2E-03 1.3E-03 5.3E-03 3.5E-05 2.8E-07 1.3E-04 6.8E-032230074190 7.4E-03 3.4E-02 4.7E-05 1.2E-04 1.7E-03 3.5E-04 1.4E-03 9.5E-06 7.5E-08 3.5E-05 1.8E-032230074210 2.9E-02 1.3E-01 1.8E-04 4.5E-04 6.5E-03 1.4E-03 5.6E-03 3.7E-05 2.9E-07 1.3E-04 7.1E-032230074230 5.0E-02 2.5E-01 3.4E-04 8.6E-04 1.1E-02 1.9E-03 1.1E-02 6.6E-05 3.7E-07 1.6E-04 1.3E-022230074250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230074270 1.2E-02 5.6E-02 7.6E-05 1.9E-04 2.8E-03 6.0E-04 2.4E-03 1.6E-05 1.4E-07 6.3E-05 3.1E-032230074290 1.4E-02 6.2E-02 8.3E-05 2.1E-04 3.1E-03 6.6E-04 2.6E-03 1.7E-05 1.5E-07 7.0E-05 3.4E-032230074310 7.3E-03 3.3E-02 4.5E-05 1.1E-04 1.7E-03 3.6E-04 1.4E-03 9.4E-06 8.0E-08 3.7E-05 1.8E-032230074330 6.1E-03 2.8E-02 3.7E-05 9.5E-05 1.4E-03 3.0E-04 1.2E-03 7.8E-06 6.7E-08 3.1E-05 1.5E-032230075110 2.5E-03 1.1E-02 1.2E-05 2.4E-05 5.1E-04 1.0E-04 4.2E-04 1.8E-06 8.2E-09 3.3E-06 5.3E-042230075130 1.1E-03 4.4E-03 4.3E-06 9.7E-06 2.1E-04 5.8E-05 1.8E-04 8.3E-07 8.8E-09 4.1E-06 2.5E-042230075150 4.9E-04 2.0E-03 1.9E-06 4.4E-06 9.7E-05 2.6E-05 8.3E-05 3.8E-07 4.0E-09 1.8E-06 1.1E-04EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1316Table 5.6-69Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 1SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2230075170 1.9E-03 7.8E-03 7.6E-06 1.7E-05 3.8E-04 1.0E-04 3.2E-04 1.5E-06 1.6E-08 7.2E-06 4.3E-042230075190 5.2E-04 2.1E-03 2.0E-06 4.6E-06 1.0E-04 2.8E-05 8.8E-05 4.0E-07 4.2E-09 1.9E-06 1.2E-042230075210 2.0E-03 8.2E-03 7.9E-06 1.8E-05 4.0E-04 1.1E-04 3.4E-04 1.5E-06 1.6E-08 7.5E-06 4.6E-042230075230 4.0E-03 1.8E-02 1.7E-05 4.0E-05 7.7E-04 1.7E-04 7.9E-04 3.1E-06 1.9E-08 8.2E-06 9.8E-042230075250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230075270 8.7E-04 3.5E-03 3.4E-06 7.7E-06 1.7E-04 4.7E-05 1.5E-04 6.7E-07 7.7E-09 3.6E-06 2.0E-042230075290 9.5E-04 3.9E-03 3.7E-06 8.4E-06 1.9E-04 5.1E-05 1.6E-04 7.4E-07 8.4E-09 3.9E-06 2.2E-042230075310 5.1E-04 2.1E-03 2.0E-06 4.5E-06 1.0E-04 2.8E-05 8.7E-05 4.0E-07 4.5E-09 2.1E-06 1.2E-042230075330 4.2E-04 1.7E-03 1.6E-06 3.8E-06 8.4E-05 2.3E-05 7.2E-05 3.3E-07 3.7E-09 1.8E-06 9.7E-05TOTAL 22.63 4.24 0.08 0.05 0.87 0.40 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.61EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1317Table 5.6-70Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Vehicle Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 1SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2201001000 2.1E+01 3.2E-01 0.0E+00 2.4E-03 2.1E+00 6.4E-02 3.4E-02 1.2E-05 2.2E-06 1.6E-02 1.1E-012201020000 2.8E+01 5.1E-01 0.0E+00 3.5E-03 2.6E+00 1.0E-01 5.0E-02 1.8E-05 3.3E-06 2.6E-02 1.8E-012201040000 1.4E+01 2.6E-01 0.0E+00 1.8E-03 1.3E+00 5.4E-02 2.6E-02 9.4E-06 1.7E-06 1.3E-02 9.3E-022201070000 4.4E+00 6.9E-02 0.0E+00 4.5E-04 3.4E-01 2.6E-02 1.2E-02 3.7E-06 7.9E-07 6.4E-03 4.5E-022201080000 5.3E-01 4.3E-03 0.0E+00 4.5E-05 5.6E-02 3.7E-04 2.0E-04 2.1E-07 1.3E-08 9.5E-05 6.6E-042230001000 3.6E-03 4.3E-03 0.0E+00 5.0E-06 1.8E-03 1.6E-04 7.9E-05 3.5E-07 3.2E-07 4.1E-05 2.8E-042230060000 5.6E-02 6.9E-02 0.0E+00 8.9E-05 2.6E-02 6.2E-04 3.1E-04 6.3E-06 1.2E-06 1.6E-04 1.1E-032230071000 2.6E-02 3.3E-02 0.0E+00 4.2E-05 1.2E-02 2.7E-04 1.3E-04 3.0E-06 2.0E-07 6.8E-05 4.7E-042230072000 1.2E-01 1.5E-01 0.0E+00 2.0E-04 5.7E-02 1.3E-03 6.7E-04 1.4E-05 9.9E-07 3.4E-04 2.4E-032230073000 4.1E-02 2.0E-02 0.0E+00 2.4E-05 9.0E-03 5.6E-05 2.8E-05 1.7E-06 4.1E-08 1.5E-05 1.0E-042230074000 5.4E-02 2.7E-02 0.0E+00 3.3E-05 1.2E-02 6.9E-05 3.5E-05 2.3E-06 5.1E-08 1.9E-05 1.3E-042230075000 1.3E-02 5.7E-03 0.0E+00 8.8E-06 2.5E-03 1.9E-05 9.4E-06 6.1E-07 1.4E-08 5.0E-06 3.4E-05TOTAL 68.37 1.48 0.00 0.01 6.55 0.25 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.44EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1318Table 5.6-71Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Profile Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 1SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2201001000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 3.1E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201020000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 3.1E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201040000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.6E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201070000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.0E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201080000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 3.9E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230001000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230060000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230071000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230072000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230073000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230074000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230075000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00TOTAL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1319Table 5.6-72Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 2SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2201001110 8.0E-01 8.3E-02 5.0E-03 1.7E-03 2.1E-02 8.5E-03 1.9E-03 1.5E-05 1.3E-06 1.6E-03 1.2E-022201001130 4.2E-01 4.6E-02 2.7E-03 1.1E-03 1.5E-02 3.3E-03 7.3E-04 1.5E-05 9.0E-07 7.9E-04 4.8E-032201001150 1.9E-01 2.1E-02 1.2E-03 4.9E-04 6.8E-03 1.5E-03 3.3E-04 6.8E-06 4.1E-07 3.6E-04 2.2E-032201001170 7.4E-01 8.1E-02 4.7E-03 1.9E-03 2.7E-02 4.7E-03 1.0E-03 2.6E-05 1.6E-06 1.2E-03 7.0E-032201001190 2.0E-01 2.2E-02 1.3E-03 5.2E-04 7.2E-03 1.3E-03 2.8E-04 7.1E-06 4.3E-07 3.3E-04 1.9E-032201001210 7.7E-01 8.5E-02 4.9E-03 2.0E-03 2.8E-02 5.7E-03 1.3E-03 2.8E-05 1.7E-06 1.4E-03 8.3E-032201001230 1.1E+00 8.0E-02 4.2E-03 1.6E-03 2.1E-02 1.4E-02 3.0E-03 1.6E-05 1.9E-06 2.5E-03 1.9E-022201001250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201001270 3.4E-01 3.8E-02 2.2E-03 8.9E-04 1.2E-02 2.7E-03 5.9E-04 1.2E-05 7.4E-07 6.5E-04 3.9E-032201001290 3.8E-01 4.2E-02 2.5E-03 9.9E-04 1.4E-02 3.0E-03 6.6E-04 1.4E-05 8.3E-07 7.3E-04 4.4E-032201001310 2.0E-01 2.2E-02 1.3E-03 5.2E-04 7.3E-03 1.5E-03 3.3E-04 7.4E-06 4.4E-07 3.7E-04 2.2E-032201001330 1.7E-01 1.8E-02 1.1E-03 4.4E-04 6.1E-03 1.2E-03 2.6E-04 6.1E-06 3.6E-07 2.9E-04 1.7E-032201020110 1.6E+00 1.7E-01 5.6E-03 2.8E-03 3.8E-02 1.6E-02 1.2E-03 2.7E-05 1.3E-06 2.9E-03 2.0E-022201020130 7.6E-01 8.7E-02 2.8E-03 1.6E-03 2.6E-02 5.2E-03 4.1E-04 2.5E-05 1.1E-06 1.3E-03 6.9E-032201020150 3.4E-01 3.9E-02 1.3E-03 7.3E-04 1.2E-02 2.4E-03 1.9E-04 1.1E-05 4.9E-07 5.8E-04 3.1E-032201020170 1.3E+00 1.5E-01 4.9E-03 2.9E-03 4.7E-02 7.5E-03 6.0E-04 4.5E-05 1.9E-06 2.0E-03 1.0E-022201020190 3.6E-01 4.2E-02 1.3E-03 7.8E-04 1.3E-02 2.0E-03 1.6E-04 1.2E-05 5.2E-07 5.3E-04 2.7E-032201020210 1.4E+00 1.6E-01 5.1E-03 2.9E-03 4.8E-02 8.8E-03 7.0E-04 4.6E-05 2.0E-06 2.2E-03 1.2E-022201020230 2.0E+00 1.6E-01 4.8E-03 2.7E-03 4.0E-02 2.6E-02 1.9E-03 2.9E-05 1.7E-06 4.7E-03 3.3E-022201020250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201020270 6.1E-01 7.1E-02 2.3E-03 1.3E-03 2.2E-02 4.3E-03 3.4E-04 2.1E-05 9.0E-07 1.1E-03 5.7E-032201020290 6.8E-01 7.8E-02 2.5E-03 1.5E-03 2.4E-02 4.7E-03 3.7E-04 2.3E-05 9.9E-07 1.2E-03 6.2E-032201020310 3.6E-01 4.2E-02 1.3E-03 7.8E-04 1.3E-02 2.4E-03 1.9E-04 1.2E-05 5.3E-07 6.0E-04 3.2E-032201020330 3.0E-01 3.5E-02 1.1E-03 6.5E-04 1.1E-02 1.9E-03 1.5E-04 1.0E-05 4.4E-07 4.8E-04 2.5E-032201040110 7.8E-01 8.6E-02 2.8E-03 1.4E-03 1.9E-02 7.7E-03 5.8E-04 1.3E-05 5.9E-07 1.4E-03 9.7E-032201040130 3.8E-01 4.5E-02 1.5E-03 8.2E-04 1.3E-02 2.7E-03 2.1E-04 1.2E-05 4.9E-07 6.3E-04 3.6E-032201040150 1.7E-01 2.1E-02 6.6E-04 3.7E-04 5.8E-03 1.2E-03 9.6E-05 5.3E-06 2.2E-07 2.9E-04 1.6E-032201040170 6.7E-01 8.0E-02 2.6E-03 1.5E-03 2.3E-02 3.9E-03 3.1E-04 2.1E-05 8.7E-07 9.6E-04 5.2E-032201040190 1.8E-01 2.2E-02 7.0E-04 3.9E-04 6.1E-03 1.0E-03 8.3E-05 5.6E-06 2.4E-07 2.6E-04 1.4E-032201040210 6.8E-01 8.1E-02 2.6E-03 1.5E-03 2.3E-02 4.5E-03 3.5E-04 2.1E-05 8.8E-07 1.1E-03 6.0E-032201040230 1.0E+00 8.2E-02 2.5E-03 1.4E-03 2.0E-02 1.3E-02 1.0E-03 1.4E-05 8.3E-07 2.4E-03 1.7E-022201040250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201040270 3.1E-01 3.6E-02 1.2E-03 6.8E-04 1.1E-02 2.2E-03 1.7E-04 1.0E-05 4.5E-07 5.3E-04 2.9E-03EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1320Table 5.6-72Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 2SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2201040290 3.4E-01 4.0E-02 1.3E-03 7.5E-04 1.2E-02 2.4E-03 1.9E-04 1.1E-05 4.9E-07 5.9E-04 3.2E-032201040310 1.9E-01 2.2E-02 7.1E-04 4.1E-04 6.5E-03 1.2E-03 9.9E-05 6.3E-06 2.7E-07 3.1E-04 1.7E-032201040330 1.6E-01 1.8E-02 5.9E-04 3.4E-04 5.4E-03 9.7E-04 7.7E-05 5.2E-06 2.2E-07 2.4E-04 1.3E-032201070110 3.0E-01 3.0E-02 6.0E-04 3.5E-04 7.1E-03 3.4E-03 2.5E-04 4.1E-06 2.0E-07 6.0E-04 4.3E-032201070130 1.2E-01 1.3E-02 2.9E-04 1.8E-04 4.2E-03 9.7E-04 7.4E-05 2.9E-06 1.2E-07 2.0E-04 1.3E-032201070150 5.5E-02 5.9E-03 1.3E-04 8.2E-05 1.9E-03 4.4E-04 3.4E-05 1.3E-06 5.6E-08 9.2E-05 5.7E-042201070170 2.2E-01 2.3E-02 5.1E-04 3.2E-04 7.5E-03 1.4E-03 1.1E-04 5.2E-06 2.2E-07 3.0E-04 1.8E-032201070190 5.9E-02 6.2E-03 1.4E-04 8.6E-05 2.0E-03 3.8E-04 2.9E-05 1.4E-06 5.9E-08 8.2E-05 4.9E-042201070210 2.3E-01 2.4E-02 5.4E-04 3.3E-04 7.8E-03 1.7E-03 1.3E-04 5.5E-06 2.3E-07 3.5E-04 2.2E-032201070230 5.8E-01 4.1E-02 6.0E-04 4.3E-04 1.3E-02 5.7E-03 4.2E-04 5.9E-06 3.1E-07 1.0E-03 7.1E-032201070250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201070270 1.0E-01 1.1E-02 2.4E-04 1.5E-04 3.6E-03 7.7E-04 5.9E-05 2.7E-06 1.1E-07 1.7E-04 1.0E-032201070290 1.1E-01 1.2E-02 2.6E-04 1.7E-04 4.0E-03 8.5E-04 6.5E-05 2.9E-06 1.2E-07 1.8E-04 1.1E-032201070310 6.0E-02 6.2E-03 1.4E-04 9.0E-05 2.2E-03 4.3E-04 3.3E-05 1.6E-06 6.6E-08 9.5E-05 5.6E-042201070330 5.0E-02 5.2E-03 1.2E-04 7.5E-05 1.8E-03 3.3E-04 2.6E-05 1.3E-06 5.4E-08 7.4E-05 4.4E-042201080110 3.2E-01 7.9E-03 1.0E-04 7.4E-05 9.6E-03 1.2E-03 2.6E-04 4.2E-07 1.2E-07 2.0E-04 1.6E-032201080130 1.5E-01 3.4E-03 4.1E-05 3.7E-05 6.3E-03 4.0E-04 8.7E-05 2.3E-07 4.4E-08 6.8E-05 5.6E-042201080150 6.9E-02 1.5E-03 1.9E-05 1.7E-05 2.9E-03 1.8E-04 4.0E-05 1.1E-07 2.0E-08 3.1E-05 2.5E-042201080170 2.7E-01 6.0E-03 7.3E-05 6.5E-05 1.1E-02 5.7E-04 1.2E-04 4.1E-07 7.8E-08 9.8E-05 7.9E-042201080190 7.3E-02 1.6E-03 2.0E-05 1.8E-05 3.0E-03 1.5E-04 3.4E-05 1.1E-07 2.1E-08 2.7E-05 2.1E-042201080210 2.8E-01 6.3E-03 7.6E-05 6.9E-05 1.2E-02 6.9E-04 1.5E-04 4.3E-07 8.2E-08 1.2E-04 9.6E-042201080230 2.5E-01 6.2E-03 7.8E-05 6.2E-05 8.5E-03 1.9E-03 4.1E-04 3.6E-07 1.9E-07 3.2E-04 2.6E-032201080250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201080270 1.3E-01 2.9E-03 3.5E-05 3.2E-05 5.4E-03 3.4E-04 7.5E-05 2.0E-07 3.7E-08 5.9E-05 4.8E-042201080290 1.4E-01 3.2E-03 3.8E-05 3.5E-05 6.0E-03 3.8E-04 8.3E-05 2.2E-07 4.1E-08 6.5E-05 5.3E-042201080310 7.7E-02 1.7E-03 2.1E-05 1.9E-05 3.2E-03 1.9E-04 4.2E-05 1.2E-07 2.2E-08 3.3E-05 2.7E-042201080330 6.4E-02 1.4E-03 1.7E-05 1.6E-05 2.7E-03 1.5E-04 3.2E-05 9.7E-08 1.8E-08 2.6E-05 2.1E-042230001110 1.1E-04 6.7E-04 4.1E-06 6.3E-06 3.9E-05 4.9E-06 3.3E-05 4.7E-07 1.3E-07 2.0E-06 4.1E-052230001130 8.2E-05 4.4E-04 2.2E-06 3.7E-06 2.7E-05 4.0E-06 1.1E-05 3.0E-07 4.7E-08 1.8E-06 1.7E-052230001150 3.7E-05 2.0E-04 9.8E-07 1.7E-06 1.2E-05 1.8E-06 5.2E-06 1.3E-07 2.1E-08 8.0E-07 7.9E-062230001170 1.4E-04 7.7E-04 3.8E-06 6.6E-06 4.7E-05 7.0E-06 2.0E-05 5.2E-07 8.4E-08 3.1E-06 3.1E-052230001190 3.9E-05 2.1E-04 1.0E-06 1.8E-06 1.3E-05 1.9E-06 5.4E-06 1.4E-07 2.3E-08 8.5E-07 8.4E-062230001210 1.5E-04 8.1E-04 4.0E-06 6.9E-06 4.9E-05 7.3E-06 2.1E-05 5.5E-07 8.8E-08 3.3E-06 3.2E-052230001230 1.1E-04 6.1E-04 3.3E-06 5.8E-06 3.5E-05 6.0E-06 5.6E-05 4.4E-07 2.2E-07 2.5E-06 6.5E-05EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1321Table 5.6-72Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 2SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2230001250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230001270 7.3E-05 3.8E-04 1.8E-06 3.2E-06 2.3E-05 3.7E-06 9.1E-06 2.6E-07 3.8E-08 1.7E-06 1.5E-052230001290 8.0E-05 4.1E-04 2.0E-06 3.6E-06 2.6E-05 4.0E-06 1.0E-05 2.9E-07 4.2E-08 1.8E-06 1.6E-052230001310 4.3E-05 2.2E-04 1.1E-06 1.9E-06 1.4E-05 2.2E-06 5.4E-06 1.5E-07 2.2E-08 9.8E-07 8.7E-062230001330 3.6E-05 1.8E-04 9.0E-07 1.6E-06 1.1E-05 1.8E-06 4.4E-06 1.3E-07 1.9E-08 8.2E-07 7.2E-062230060110 1.6E-02 3.0E-02 2.0E-04 1.6E-04 4.6E-03 3.0E-04 1.6E-03 1.2E-05 6.5E-06 8.6E-05 2.0E-032230060130 1.1E-02 1.8E-02 9.3E-05 9.0E-05 3.0E-03 3.0E-04 7.9E-04 7.1E-06 3.2E-06 8.0E-05 1.2E-032230060150 4.8E-03 8.2E-03 4.2E-05 4.1E-05 1.3E-03 1.4E-04 3.6E-04 3.2E-06 1.5E-06 3.6E-05 5.4E-042230060170 1.9E-02 3.2E-02 1.6E-04 1.6E-04 5.2E-03 5.3E-04 1.4E-03 1.2E-05 5.7E-06 1.4E-04 2.1E-032230060190 5.1E-03 8.6E-03 4.5E-05 4.3E-05 1.4E-03 1.4E-04 3.8E-04 3.4E-06 1.5E-06 3.8E-05 5.7E-042230060210 2.0E-02 3.4E-02 1.7E-04 1.7E-04 5.5E-03 5.6E-04 1.5E-03 1.3E-05 6.0E-06 1.5E-04 2.2E-032230060230 1.7E-02 3.4E-02 1.9E-04 1.8E-04 4.9E-03 3.9E-04 1.9E-03 1.3E-05 7.6E-06 1.1E-04 2.4E-032230060250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230060270 9.4E-03 1.5E-02 7.6E-05 7.6E-05 2.6E-03 2.9E-04 6.5E-04 6.0E-06 2.6E-06 7.5E-05 1.0E-032230060290 1.0E-02 1.7E-02 8.3E-05 8.3E-05 2.8E-03 3.1E-04 7.1E-04 6.6E-06 2.9E-06 8.2E-05 1.1E-032230060310 5.6E-03 9.1E-03 4.5E-05 4.5E-05 1.5E-03 1.7E-04 3.8E-04 3.6E-06 1.5E-06 4.4E-05 6.0E-042230060330 4.6E-03 7.6E-03 3.7E-05 3.7E-05 1.3E-03 1.4E-04 3.2E-04 3.0E-06 1.3E-06 3.6E-05 5.0E-042230071110 7.4E-03 1.4E-02 9.3E-05 7.7E-05 2.2E-03 1.4E-04 7.4E-04 5.6E-06 1.1E-06 3.4E-05 9.2E-042230071130 5.0E-03 8.5E-03 4.4E-05 4.3E-05 1.4E-03 1.4E-04 3.7E-04 3.3E-06 5.6E-07 3.4E-05 5.4E-042230071150 2.3E-03 3.9E-03 2.0E-05 1.9E-05 6.4E-04 6.3E-05 1.7E-04 1.5E-06 2.5E-07 1.6E-05 2.5E-042230071170 8.9E-03 1.5E-02 7.8E-05 7.5E-05 2.5E-03 2.4E-04 6.5E-04 5.9E-06 9.9E-07 6.1E-05 9.6E-042230071190 2.4E-03 4.1E-03 2.1E-05 2.0E-05 6.7E-04 6.6E-05 1.8E-04 1.6E-06 2.7E-07 1.6E-05 2.6E-042230071210 9.4E-03 1.6E-02 8.2E-05 7.9E-05 2.6E-03 2.6E-04 6.8E-04 6.2E-06 1.0E-06 6.4E-05 1.0E-032230071230 7.9E-03 1.6E-02 8.8E-05 8.4E-05 2.3E-03 1.8E-04 8.6E-04 6.2E-06 1.3E-06 4.5E-05 1.1E-032230071250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230071270 4.5E-03 7.4E-03 3.6E-05 3.6E-05 1.2E-03 1.3E-04 3.0E-04 2.9E-06 4.7E-07 3.3E-05 4.7E-042230071290 5.0E-03 8.1E-03 4.0E-05 4.0E-05 1.4E-03 1.5E-04 3.3E-04 3.2E-06 5.1E-07 3.6E-05 5.2E-042230071310 2.7E-03 4.4E-03 2.1E-05 2.1E-05 7.3E-04 7.8E-05 1.8E-04 1.7E-06 2.7E-07 1.9E-05 2.8E-042230071330 2.2E-03 3.6E-03 1.8E-05 1.8E-05 6.1E-04 6.5E-05 1.5E-04 1.4E-06 2.3E-07 1.6E-05 2.3E-042230072110 3.5E-02 6.5E-02 4.3E-04 3.5E-04 1.0E-02 6.8E-04 3.6E-03 2.6E-05 5.4E-06 1.6E-04 4.4E-032230072130 2.3E-02 3.9E-02 2.0E-04 1.9E-04 6.5E-03 6.5E-04 1.7E-03 1.5E-05 2.6E-06 1.6E-04 2.6E-032230072150 1.1E-02 1.8E-02 9.1E-05 8.7E-05 2.9E-03 3.0E-04 7.8E-04 6.8E-06 1.2E-06 7.3E-05 1.2E-032230072170 4.1E-02 6.9E-02 3.5E-04 3.4E-04 1.1E-02 1.2E-03 3.0E-03 2.7E-05 4.7E-06 2.8E-04 4.5E-032230072190 1.1E-02 1.9E-02 9.6E-05 9.1E-05 3.1E-03 3.1E-04 8.3E-04 7.2E-06 1.3E-06 7.7E-05 1.2E-03EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1322Table 5.6-72Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 2SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2230072210 4.3E-02 7.2E-02 3.7E-04 3.5E-04 1.2E-02 1.2E-03 3.2E-03 2.8E-05 4.9E-06 3.0E-04 4.7E-032230072230 3.9E-02 7.7E-02 4.2E-04 4.0E-04 1.1E-02 9.0E-04 4.3E-03 3.0E-05 6.5E-06 2.2E-04 5.5E-032230072250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230072270 2.1E-02 3.3E-02 1.6E-04 1.6E-04 5.7E-03 6.2E-04 1.4E-03 1.3E-05 2.2E-06 1.5E-04 2.2E-032230072290 2.3E-02 3.7E-02 1.8E-04 1.8E-04 6.3E-03 6.8E-04 1.5E-03 1.4E-05 2.4E-06 1.7E-04 2.4E-032230072310 1.2E-02 2.0E-02 9.6E-05 9.5E-05 3.4E-03 3.7E-04 8.3E-04 7.6E-06 1.3E-06 9.0E-05 1.3E-032230072330 1.0E-02 1.6E-02 8.0E-05 7.9E-05 2.8E-03 3.0E-04 6.9E-04 6.3E-06 1.1E-06 7.5E-05 1.1E-032230073110 9.3E-03 4.0E-02 8.4E-05 1.4E-04 2.8E-03 5.5E-04 1.4E-03 1.0E-05 2.1E-06 1.2E-04 2.1E-032230073130 4.6E-03 1.9E-02 3.2E-05 6.3E-05 1.5E-03 3.4E-04 6.6E-04 5.2E-06 1.0E-06 8.1E-05 1.1E-032230073150 2.1E-03 8.5E-03 1.5E-05 2.8E-05 6.7E-04 1.6E-04 3.0E-04 2.4E-06 4.6E-07 3.7E-05 4.9E-042230073170 8.2E-03 3.3E-02 5.7E-05 1.1E-04 2.6E-03 6.0E-04 1.2E-03 9.2E-06 1.8E-06 1.4E-04 1.9E-032230073190 2.2E-03 9.0E-03 1.6E-05 3.0E-05 7.1E-04 1.6E-04 3.1E-04 2.5E-06 4.9E-07 3.9E-05 5.2E-042230073210 8.6E-03 3.5E-02 6.0E-05 1.2E-04 2.7E-03 6.3E-04 1.2E-03 9.6E-06 1.9E-06 1.5E-04 2.0E-032230073230 1.5E-02 7.1E-02 1.2E-04 2.4E-04 4.5E-03 8.9E-04 2.8E-03 1.9E-05 4.3E-06 2.1E-04 3.9E-032230073250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230073270 3.7E-03 1.5E-02 2.5E-05 5.0E-05 1.2E-03 2.8E-04 5.2E-04 4.2E-06 8.1E-07 6.8E-05 8.8E-042230073290 4.1E-03 1.7E-02 2.8E-05 5.5E-05 1.3E-03 3.1E-04 5.7E-04 4.6E-06 8.9E-07 7.5E-05 9.6E-042230073310 2.2E-03 8.9E-03 1.5E-05 2.9E-05 7.1E-04 1.7E-04 3.1E-04 2.5E-06 4.8E-07 4.0E-05 5.2E-042230073330 1.8E-03 7.4E-03 1.2E-05 2.4E-05 5.9E-04 1.4E-04 2.6E-04 2.1E-06 4.0E-07 3.3E-05 4.3E-042230074110 3.1E-02 1.6E-01 2.5E-04 5.3E-04 7.0E-03 1.1E-03 5.7E-03 3.9E-05 8.5E-06 2.7E-04 7.1E-032230074130 1.5E-02 7.1E-02 9.8E-05 2.5E-04 3.5E-03 7.3E-04 3.0E-03 2.0E-05 4.6E-06 2.1E-04 4.0E-032230074150 7.0E-03 3.2E-02 4.4E-05 1.1E-04 1.6E-03 3.3E-04 1.4E-03 9.0E-06 2.1E-06 9.3E-05 1.8E-032230074170 2.7E-02 1.3E-01 1.7E-04 4.3E-04 6.2E-03 1.3E-03 5.3E-03 3.5E-05 8.2E-06 3.6E-04 7.0E-032230074190 7.4E-03 3.4E-02 4.7E-05 1.2E-04 1.7E-03 3.5E-04 1.4E-03 9.5E-06 2.2E-06 9.9E-05 1.9E-032230074210 2.9E-02 1.3E-01 1.8E-04 4.5E-04 6.5E-03 1.4E-03 5.6E-03 3.7E-05 8.6E-06 3.8E-04 7.4E-032230074230 5.0E-02 2.5E-01 3.4E-04 8.6E-04 1.1E-02 1.9E-03 1.1E-02 6.6E-05 1.6E-05 5.3E-04 1.3E-022230074250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230074270 1.2E-02 5.6E-02 7.6E-05 1.9E-04 2.8E-03 6.0E-04 2.4E-03 1.6E-05 3.7E-06 1.7E-04 3.2E-032230074290 1.4E-02 6.2E-02 8.3E-05 2.1E-04 3.1E-03 6.6E-04 2.6E-03 1.7E-05 4.1E-06 1.9E-04 3.5E-032230074310 7.3E-03 3.3E-02 4.5E-05 1.1E-04 1.7E-03 3.6E-04 1.4E-03 9.4E-06 2.2E-06 1.0E-04 1.9E-032230074330 6.1E-03 2.8E-02 3.7E-05 9.5E-05 1.4E-03 3.0E-04 1.2E-03 7.8E-06 1.8E-06 8.5E-05 1.6E-032230075110 2.5E-03 1.1E-02 1.2E-05 2.4E-05 5.1E-04 1.1E-04 4.2E-04 1.8E-06 6.3E-07 2.2E-05 5.5E-042230075130 1.1E-03 4.4E-03 4.3E-06 9.7E-06 2.2E-04 5.8E-05 1.8E-04 8.3E-07 2.8E-07 1.4E-05 2.6E-042230075150 4.9E-04 2.0E-03 1.9E-06 4.4E-06 9.7E-05 2.6E-05 8.3E-05 3.8E-07 1.3E-07 6.5E-06 1.2E-04EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1323Table 5.6-72Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 2SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2230075170 1.9E-03 7.8E-03 7.6E-06 1.7E-05 3.8E-04 1.0E-04 3.2E-04 1.5E-06 4.9E-07 2.5E-05 4.5E-042230075190 5.2E-04 2.1E-03 2.1E-06 4.6E-06 1.0E-04 2.8E-05 8.8E-05 4.0E-07 1.3E-07 6.9E-06 1.2E-042230075210 2.0E-03 8.2E-03 8.0E-06 1.8E-05 4.0E-04 1.1E-04 3.4E-04 1.5E-06 5.2E-07 2.7E-05 4.8E-042230075230 4.0E-03 1.8E-02 1.7E-05 4.0E-05 7.7E-04 1.7E-04 7.9E-04 3.1E-06 1.2E-06 4.0E-05 1.0E-032230075250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230075270 8.7E-04 3.5E-03 3.4E-06 7.7E-06 1.7E-04 4.7E-05 1.5E-04 6.7E-07 2.3E-07 1.2E-05 2.1E-042230075290 9.5E-04 3.8E-03 3.7E-06 8.4E-06 1.9E-04 5.1E-05 1.6E-04 7.4E-07 2.5E-07 1.3E-05 2.3E-042230075310 5.1E-04 2.1E-03 2.0E-06 4.5E-06 1.0E-04 2.8E-05 8.7E-05 4.0E-07 1.3E-07 7.0E-06 1.2E-042230075330 4.2E-04 1.7E-03 1.6E-06 3.8E-06 8.4E-05 2.3E-05 7.2E-05 3.3E-07 1.1E-07 5.8E-06 1.0E-04TOTAL 24.24 4.42 0.09 0.05 0.92 0.22 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.38EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1324Table 5.6-73Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Vehicle Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 2SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2201001000 1.6E+01 2.9E-01 0.0E+00 1.7E-03 1.3E+00 2.2E-02 1.2E-02 9.0E-06 2.3E-06 5.7E-03 4.0E-022201020000 2.2E+01 4.9E-01 0.0E+00 2.6E-03 1.7E+00 3.6E-02 1.7E-02 1.4E-05 3.4E-06 9.0E-03 6.2E-022201040000 1.2E+01 2.5E-01 0.0E+00 1.3E-03 8.9E-01 1.9E-02 8.9E-03 7.3E-06 1.8E-06 4.6E-03 3.2E-022201070000 3.8E+00 6.6E-02 0.0E+00 3.3E-04 2.4E-01 8.7E-03 4.2E-03 2.9E-06 8.3E-07 2.2E-03 1.5E-022201080000 4.3E-01 3.4E-03 0.0E+00 3.4E-05 3.5E-02 1.4E-04 7.3E-05 1.6E-07 1.4E-08 3.6E-05 2.5E-042230001000 2.3E-03 3.5E-03 0.0E+00 4.0E-06 1.4E-03 1.6E-04 7.9E-05 2.8E-07 3.2E-07 4.1E-05 2.8E-042230060000 3.7E-02 5.6E-02 0.0E+00 7.1E-05 2.0E-02 6.2E-04 3.1E-04 5.0E-06 1.2E-06 1.6E-04 1.1E-032230071000 1.8E-02 2.7E-02 0.0E+00 3.4E-05 9.4E-03 2.7E-04 1.3E-04 2.4E-06 2.0E-07 6.8E-05 4.7E-042230072000 8.2E-02 1.3E-01 0.0E+00 1.6E-04 4.4E-02 1.3E-03 6.7E-04 1.1E-05 9.9E-07 3.4E-04 2.4E-032230073000 3.3E-02 1.5E-02 0.0E+00 1.9E-05 6.9E-03 5.6E-05 2.8E-05 1.3E-06 4.2E-08 1.5E-05 1.0E-042230074000 4.4E-02 2.0E-02 0.0E+00 2.6E-05 9.1E-03 7.0E-05 3.5E-05 1.8E-06 5.1E-08 1.8E-05 1.2E-042230075000 1.1E-02 4.3E-03 0.0E+00 6.9E-06 1.9E-03 1.9E-05 9.4E-06 4.8E-07 1.4E-08 5.0E-06 3.4E-05TOTAL 54.89 1.35 0.00 0.01 4.30 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.15EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1325Table 5.6-74Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Profile Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episode 2SCCCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)2201001000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 6.9E-03 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201020000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 4.5E-03 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201040000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.3E-03 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201070000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 9.7E-04 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002201080000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.3E-04 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230001000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230060000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230071000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230072000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230073000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230074000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+002230075000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00TOTAL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYOn-Road Mobile SourcesIII.D.5.6-1326Table 5.6-75Calendar Year 2008 On-Road Emissions SummaryModelingEpisode ModeCO(tons/day)NOx(tons/day)NH3(tons/day)SOx(tons/day)TOG(tons/day)POC(tons/day)PEC(tons/day)PSO4(tons/day)PNO3(tons/day)PMFINE(tons/day)PM2.5(tons/day)Episode 1RPD 2.3E+01 4.2E+00 8.4E-02 4.8E-02 8.7E-01 4.0E-01 1.3E-01 1.2E-03 3.2E-05 7.2E-02 6.1E-01RPV 6.8E+01 1.5E+00 0.0E+00 8.5E-03 6.5E+00 2.5E-01 1.2E-01 7.1E-05 1.1E-05 6.3E-02 4.4E-01RPP 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.3E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00TOTAL91.005.720.080.067.550.650.260.000.000.141.04Episode 2RPD 2.4E+01 4.4E+00 9.1E-02 5.1E-02 9.2E-01 2.2E-01 1.1E-01 1.2E-03 1.9E-04 4.7E-02 3.8E-01RPV 5.5E+01 1.3E+00 0.0E+00 6.3E-03 4.3E+00 8.8E-02 4.4E-02 5.6E-05 1.1E-05 2.2E-02 1.5E-01RPP 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.5E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00TOTAL79.135.770.090.065.240.310.160.000.000.070.53E1 & E2WeightedAverageRPD 2.3E+01 4.3E+00 8.8E-02 5.0E-02 8.9E-01 3.2E-01 1.2E-01 1.2E-03 1.1E-04 6.1E-02 5.0E-01RPV 6.2E+01 1.4E+00 0.0E+00 7.5E-03 5.5E+00 1.8E-01 8.7E-02 6.4E-05 1.1E-05 4.4E-02 3.1E-01RPP 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 7.6E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00TOTAL85.575.740.090.066.490.490.210.000.000.110.81EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1327 

### N ON



### ‐ R OAD 

### M OBILE 

### S OURCES

Non-road sources encompass all mobile sources that are not on-road vehicles. They include

recreational and commercial off-road vehicles and equipment as well as aircraft, locomotives, recreational pleasure craft (boats) and marine vessels.

This section of the appendix di scusses the data and methodologies used to estimate emissions for the non-road source sector. (No information on either commercial marine or recreational vessel emissions is presented, as they do not operate in the arctic conditions experienced in the Fairbanks modeling domain during the winter.) Th e following sub-sections are organized based on the models or tools used to develop emi ssion estimates for specific sources within the inventory sector.



### N ON 

### ‐R OAD 

### V EHICLES	AND 

### E QUIPMENT

EPA’s latest NONROAD emi ssions model, NONROAD2008 88 , was used to generate emissions from the following types of non-road vehicles and equipment:

 Recreational vehicles (e.g., al l-terrain vehicles, off-road motorcycles, snowmobiles);

 Logging equipment (e.g., chain saws);

 Agricultural equipment (e.g., tractors);

 Commercial equipment (e.g., welders and compressors);

 Construction and mining equipment (e.g., graders and backhoes);

 Industrial equipment (e.g., forklifts and sweepers);

 Residential and commercial lawn and garden equipment (e.g., leaf and snow blowers);

 Locomotive support/railway maintenance e quipment (but not locomotives); and

 Aircraft ground support equipment 89 (but not aircraft).

It is important to note that none of these non-road vehi cle and equipment types listed above were federally regulated until the mid-1990s. (As pare nthetically noted for th e last two type of equipment in the list above, the NONROAD mode l estimates emission of support equipment for the rail and air sectors, but emissions from locomotives and aircraft are not addressed by

NONROAD and were calculated se parately using other models/met hods as described in the subsections that follow.)

Default equipment populations and activity levels in the NONROAD model are based on national averages, then scaled down to represent smaller geogra phic areas on the basis of human population and proximity to recrea tional, industrial, and commerci al facilities. EPA recognizes the limitations inherent in this “top-down” appro ach, and realizes that lo cally generated inputs to the model will increase the accuracy of the resulting output. Ther efore, in some cases locally

88 U.S. EPA NONROAD Model, Version 2008a, released July 2009.

89 Although NONROAD can be configured to also estimate emissions from airport ground support equipment (GSE), GSE emissions were estimated using the EDMS m odel as described lunder th e “Aircraft” sub-section.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1328 derived inputs which more accurately reflect the equipment populati on, growth rates, and wintertime activity levels in the Fairbanks area were substituted for EPA’s default input values.

Calculation Methodology – The NONROAD model calc ulates emissions from each source category according to th e following methodology:

࢙࢚࢏࢔ࢁ ൈ ࢙࢛࢘࢕ࡴ ൈ ࡲࡸ ൈ ࡼ ൈ ࡲࡰ ൈ ࡲࡱ	 ൌ ࢙࢔࢕࢏࢙࢙࢏࢓ࡱ

Where:

EF = emission factor in g/hp-hr;

DF = deterioration fact or (dimensionless);

P = engine power in horsepower;

LF = load factor (dimensionless);

Hours = annual operating hours for each engine (unit); and

Units = total population of engines operating in a given year.

The above calculation yields emissions in grams per year, which the NONROAD model then converts to tons per year. For seasonal or da ily emissions estimates, the calculated annual

emissions for each source are then distributed over a given number of calendar months. For example, NONROAD assumes by default that al l snowmobile activity takes place during the winter months, which are defined by the model to be December, January, and February. For this analysis, several modifications were made to equipment population growth rates, seasonal activity distribution, and annual operating hours and equipment populations. Summarized below are the specific modifications made to EPA’s default NONROAD Model inputs.

Equipment Growth Rates – The NONROAD model pr edicts future equipment populations using national growth rates that have been determined using nationwide histor ical engine population estimates (i.e., for 1989 through 1996) from th e Power Systems Resear ch (PSR) PartsLink database. Given the relatively flat, and in so me cases negative population growth predicted for Alaska’s interior region, it is believed that the default NONR OAD growth rates do not provide an accurate representation of equipment popul ation growth trends in the 2010 through 2019 timeframe. For example, the default NONROAD gr owth factor results in a 2.8% annual increase in the snowmobile population in Fairbanks be tween 2010 and 2020—a figure that is twice as high as the annual human population growth rate pr edicted by the Alaska Department of Labor & Workforce Development for this ar ea over the same period of time.

As shown in Table 5.6-76, a relatively flat annual growth rate of 1.4% for the total population of Alaska’s interior region is pr edicted through 2020, which include s a negative growth rate in

some of the smaller areas surr ounding the Fairbanks nona ttainment area. Th erefore, to better reflect the 2015 and 2019 equipment populations in the Fairbanks nonattainment area, the human population projections for the indi vidual interior regions show n in Table 1 were used as surrogate equipment population growth rates for all NONROAD equipment modeling performed for this inventory.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1329 Table 5.6-76 Alaska Interior Region Human Population by Area (2010 to 2020)

Interior Region July 1, 2010 July 1, 2015 July 1, 2020 Annual

Growth Rate (2010-2020)

Denali Borough 1,826 1,796 1,752 -0.41%

Fairbanks North Star Borough 98,000 105,928 113,275 1.56%

Southeast Fairbanks Census Area 7,055 7,635 8,141 1.54%

Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area 5,615 5,288 5,001 -1.09%

Interior Region Total 112,496 120,647 128,169 1.39%

Modifications to Snowmobile Inputs – Because the overwhelming majority of the wintertime

non-road emissions in the Fairbanks area are associated with snowmobile activity, it was important to utilize all availa ble FNSB-specific input NONROAD modeling parameters for this equipment category. This analysis was perf ormed using the following modifications to

NONROAD’s snowmo bile inputs:

Snowmobile Populations – The current version of EPA’s NONROAD model predicts a calendar year (CY) 2010 population of 12,193 snowmobiles in the Borough, which is very close to the 12,420 snowmobiles registered in FNSB for that same year. 90 However, snowmobile populations in the areas surr ounding FNSB did not approximat e DMV registration data as closely as in the Borough, as shown in Tabl e 5.6-77 below. Consequently, the CY2010 DMV registration totals shown below were subs tituted for the default NONROAD snowmobile population.

Table 5.6-77 Alaska Interior Region Snowmobile Population by Area for CY 2010

Interior Region NONROAD Default Population Alaska DMV Registrations

Denali Borough 168 410

Fairbanks North Star Borough 12,193 12,420

Southeast Fairbanks Census Area 518 1,115

Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area 567 808

Snowmobile Activity – Snowmobile use inside the urban nonattainment area is largely banned because of public safety ordinances that prohibit their use on public trails and on public

90 Data obtained from the Alaska Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV).EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1330 roadways. To address the fact that most snowmobile activity takes place outside the nonattainment area, the NONROAD default annu al activity rate of 57 hours/year/unit was applied to only half of the FNSB snowmobile population. In addition, to account for loading, unloading, and maintenance activitie s that presumably take place inside the nonattainment area, an additional 1 hour/year/unit of snowmobile act ivity was assumed for the entire snowmobile population. All other snowmobile activity is assumed to occur in areas outside the Borough

and/or the nonattainment area.

Snow Blowers – For purposes of this analysis , emissions from this equipment source were

assumed to be zero. PM 2.5 violations (and consequently, PM 2.5 design days) always occur when there is a strong inversion layer over the region, rather than duri ng periods of snow activity when snow blowers are typically used. Therefore, since snow blowers are not typically in use on the

PM 2.5 design day, we have discounted th eir emissions from this analysis.

Nonexistent Wintertime Activity – Due to the severe outdoor weather conditions present in Fairbanks during the winter months, FNSB staff has determined that th ere is zero wintertime activity for a number of different equipmen t categories. Therefore, all activity and corresponding emissions for the following non-ro ad equipment categories have been removed from this analysis:

 Lawn and Garden;

 Agricultural Equipment;

 Logging Equipment;

 Pleasure Craft (i.e., personal watercraft , inboard and sterndrive motor boats);

 Selected Recreational Equipment (i.e., golf carts, ATVs, off-road motorcycles); and

 Commercial Equipment (i.e., generator sets, pressure washers, welders, pumps, A/C refrigeration units).

Selected equipment from the following categories was retained, as follows:

 Construction and Mining – Graders, off-highw ay trucks, rubber tire dozers, and rubber tire loaders were retained to represent snow removal equipment activity.

 Industrial Equipment – Equipment that prim arily operates indoors (such as forklifts, aerial lifts, and terminal tractors) was retained.

Equipment Not Included in NONROAD Model – Discussions with FNSB staff 91 indicate that indirect-fired temporary Diesel and propane he aters are commonly used in FNSB in connection with any indoor construction or repair work pe rformed during the winter months. These heaters are in constant use (24 hours/ day, 7 days/week) during the six m onth FNSB winter period while regular indoor heating systems at construction sites are non-operational. Because these heaters

91 Personal communication between Glenn Miller (FNSB) and Bob Dulla (Sierra Research), 3/4/2013.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1331 are not included on the NONROAD model equipment list, we have calculated emissions from this source separately, as shown be low in Table 5.6-78 and Table 5.6-79.

FNSB staff has estimated that a total of 30 heat ers (10 small propane and 20 large Diesel units) operate continually at various c onstruction sites during the winter months. Unit heating capacity was obtained from vendor specifications. 92

Table 5.6-78

Emissions from Indirect-Fired Temporary Heaters - Diesel

# units Unit Heating Capacity

(Btu/hr) Fuel Heat

Value
(Btu/gallon) Emission Factors (lb/1000 gallons)
(AP-42, Table 1.3-1)

NO
x CO PM TOC SO
x 20 2,000,000 138,500 10 5 2 0.556 0.61

Tons/Year from All Units: 6.3 3.2 1.3 0.35 0.39

Table 5.6-79

Emissions from Indirect-Fired Temporary Heaters - Propane

# units Unit Heating Capacity

(Btu/hr) Fuel Heat

Value
(Btu/ft 3 ) Emission Factors (lb/10 6 ft 3 )
(AP-42, Table 4-1)

NOx CO PM TOC SO
x 10 450,000 2,500 100 21 4.5 5.8 0.426

Tons/Year from All Units: 0.39 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.002

These indirect-fired temporary heater emissions were added to the inventory and assumed to occur only during winter months. The Source Classification Codes (SCCs) assigned to these

heaters were as follows:

 SCC 2270002000 – Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Total; and

 SCC 2267002000 – Mobile Sources, LPG, Cons truction and Mining Equipment, All.

Fuel and Temperature Inputs – NONROAD modeling runs were ex ecuted for the four counties

within the PM 2.5 modeling domain:

92 http://www.etopp.com/indirect -fired-temporary-heaters.html

.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1332 1. Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB);

2. Denali Borough;

3. Southeast Fairbanks Census Area; and

4. Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area.

For each of these counties, calendar year 2008, 2015 and 2019 wintertime fuel parameters for both gasoline and diesel fueled equipment were set to correspond to the levels EPA has assumed

in the MOVES model for FNSB. This reflects the f act that mobile source fuel in interior Alaska is refined locally. So the same gasoline and diesel refinery ble nds are used in both on-road and

non-road sources in Fairbanks. Table 5.6-80 below shows both the NONROAD default values and the FNSB fuel parameters and temperatur e inputs used in this NONROAD modeling effort.

Table 5.6-80 NONROAD Modeling Wintertime Fuel and Temperature Inputs

Fuel Parameter NONROAD

Default CY 2008 CY2015 CY 2019

Gasoline RVP 8.0 14.7

Gas Oxygen Weight (%) 2.44 0.0

Gas Sulfur (%) 0.0339 0.00688 0.0028

Diesel Sulfur (%) 0.03 51 0.0043 0.0011

Marine Diesel Sulfur (%) 0.0435 0.0043 0.0011

CNG/LPG Sulfur (%) 0.003 0.003

Stage II Control (%) 0 0

EtOH Blend Market (%) 75.1 0

EtOH Volume (%) 9.3 0

Minimum Temperature ( 0 F) - -15.7

Maximum Temperature ( 0 F) - 4.0

Average Temperature ( 0 F) - -6.0

Annual and Seasonal Model Runs – As explaine d earlier, the NONROAD model was executed to generate average winter season emissions, ove rriding seasonal variation defaults in the model

where local data were available. The winter seas on emissions were tabulated into as winter daily averages over model runs for the six winter months (October through March). In addition, annual (12-month) model runs were also executed because of the way in which emissions must be formatted for input to the SMOKE emissions processing model to s upport the attainment modeling. For non-road sources, SMOKE requires annual average emission inputs (in tons/year) coupled with monthly temporal al location factors. These tempor al allocations were developed from the winter season average and annual emi ssion estimates. Although non-road sources areEMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1333 not the dominant sector for direct PM 2.5 and precursor emissions in the modeling domain during the winter non-attainment season, several of the sources (e.g., snowm obiles) exhibit strong seasonal activity variations which needed to be accounted for in the inventory workflow feeding the attainment modeling.

Summary of Emissions – Calendar year 2008 NONROAD model emissions tabulated by equipment category totaled acro ss the four-county modeling doma in are presented below in Table 5.6-81. (These tabulations also include emissions from temporary heaters which were

added to the NONROAD model outputs as noted earlier.)

Table 5.6-81

Calendar Year 2008 NONROAD Model Em issions by Equipment Category

Equipment Category Grid 3 Domain NONROAD Model Emissions (tons/year)

VOC CO NO

x SO

x PM10-PRI PM25-PRI NH3

Recreational Equipment 2,072.2 5,153.1 23.7 1.4 48.5 44.7 0.5

Construction & Mining Equipment 40.8 333.5 256.7 1.2 23.3 22.5 0.2

Industrial Equipment 4.9 86.3 25.0 0.1 1.5 1.4 1.4

Lawn & Garden Equipment (Res) 90.6 1,080.7 11.1 0.1 1.7 1.5 0.0

Lawn & Garden Equipment (Com) 6.4 90.6 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0

Agricultural Equipment 3.0 24.5 24.1 0.1 2.3 2.3 0.1

Commercial Equipment 30.7 532.5 20.7 0.1 1.7 1.7 1.2

Logging Equipment 2.6 26.0 6.7 0.0 0.7 0.6 0.0

Pleasure Craft 319.1 948.8 44.8 0.3 5.2 4.8 0.1

Railroad Equipment 0.2 2.3 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

TOTALS 2,570.4 8,278.4 415.3 3.2 85.4 80.0 3.5

Attachment D provides a detailed listing of calendar year 2008 NONROAD outputs by individual SCC for each of the four counties within the modeling domain. It also includes the SCC-specific winter season allocation factors us ed in the attainment modeling to apportion annual emissions to episodic wintertime daily averages.

Spatial Allocation – In the absence of well-de veloped, source-specific surrogates for Alaska 93

, NONROAD outputs were spatially allocated to in dividual grid cells inthe modeling domain based on apportionment factors developed from bl ock-level occupied household counts obtained

from the 2010 U.S. Census. It was assumed that relative density of occupied households was a reasonable surrogate for allocating all SCC- specific categories from the NONROAD modeling runs with the exception of snowmobiles, whic h used a modified version of the Occupied

93 EPA has developed a detailed set of SMOKE-ready surrogate files for use in spatial allocation down to 4 km grid

cell sizes as described here: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief /emch/spatial/index.html . However, although the domain over which these surrogates were developed convers much of North American, is does not extend to Alaska.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1334 Household surrogate based on allocations of s nowmobile activity insi de and outside the PM 2.5 non-attainment area that were discus sed earlier in this sub-section.



### L OCOMOTIVES

Emissions for two types of locomotive activity we re included in the em issions inventory:

1) Line-Haul – locomotive emissions along rail lines within the modeling domain (from Healy to Fairbanks and Fairbanks to Eielson Air Force Base); and

2) Yard Switching – locomotive emissions from train switching activities within the Fairbanks and Eielson rail yards.

Information on wintertime train activity (circa 2010) was obtained from the Alaska Railroad Corporation 94 (ARRC), the sole rail utility operating within the modeling domain, providing both passenger and freight service. These activity da ta were combined with locomotive emission factors published by EPA 95 to estimate rail emissions with in the emissions inventory.

Table 5.6-82 lists the train activ ity data by line segment and switching yard supplied by ARRC.

Conversations with ARRC indicated that thes e November 2010 estimates were reasonably representative of the broade r six month winter season.

Table 5.6-82 Winter 2010 Train Activity by Line Segment and Yard

Line Segment or Switching Yard November Avg. (# of trains/day) 1 Hours of Operation Miles ( per train) Locomotives (per train) 2 Fuel Cons. (gal/train) 3

Healy to Fairbanks 4 0001 - 1800 108 5 1512

Fairbanks to North Pole 2 2100 - 0800 17 4 190

North Pole to Eielson 1 0800 - 1600 12 2 67

Eielson to Ft. Greely Zero n/a 80 Zero

Fairbanks Yard 2 24 Hours 10 2 56

Eielson Yard 4 1 8 Hours 5 1 14

Notes:

1 The Healy to Fairbanks segment is based on average number of trains run in a week divided by seven days. The North Pole to Eielson value is an average number. A RRC does not go to Eielson from Fairbanks every day.

2 Locomotive numbers from Fairbanks Operations Chief

3 Fuel consumption from Mechanical Manager (~2.8 gallons/mi at average throttle speed)

4 Eielson AFB has their own yard locomotives

Source: Alaska Railroad Corporation.

94 Email from Greg Lotakis, Alaska Railroad Corporation to Bob Dulla, Sierra Research, May 10, 2011.

95 “Emission Factors for Locomotives,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA-420-F-09-025, April 2009.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1335 ARRC staff also indicated that trai n activity in this part of the stat e has been fairly flat from year to year. Thus, these 2010 estimates were assume d to be reasonably representative of base year 2008 activity. Given the modest rate of future economic growth forecasted for the Alaskan interior, the train activity shown in Table 5.6-82 was assumed constant in future year inventories through 2019.

These train activity data were combined with EPA-published locomotive emission factors which are presented in Table 5.6-83. In the absence of detailed locomotive age data from ARRC, the calendar year specific emission factors shown in Table 5.6-83 were based on Tables 5 through 7

of the cited EPA loco motives publication.

Table 5.6-83 EPA Emission Factors (g/gal) for Locomotive s by Calendar Year and Activity Type

Calendar

Year Activity Type HC CO NO

x PM 10 PM 2.5 SO 2 2008 Large Line-Haul 9.0 26.6 169 5.1 4.9 3.13

2008 Large Switch 14.5 38.1 243 5.5 5.3 3.13

2015 Large Line-Haul 5.7 26.6 129 3.4 3.3 0.09

2015 Large Switch 12.6 38.1 215 4.8 4.7 0.09

2019 Large Line-Haul 3.9 26.6 103 2.5 2.4 0.09

2019 Large Switch 11.4 38.1 200 4.4 4.3 0.09

Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-420-F-09-025.

Emission factors for CO are constant across calend ar year since the CO standard is the same

across all locomotive Tier cate gories. Per EPA guidance, PM 2.5 emission factors were scaled

from those for PM 10 using a 97% scaling factor. SO 2 emission factors were also developed based on EPA guidance using estimates of dies el fuel density (3200 g/gal), sulfur to SO 2 conversion rate (97.5%) and fuel sulfur (500 ppm in 2008, 15 ppm in 2012 and later from Alaska

Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel 96 phase in).

Table 5.6-84 through Table 5.6-86 show the loco motive emissions calculated by combining activity and emission factor data in the preced ing two tables, multiplying fuel consumption by the gram per gallon emission factors.

96 https://dec.alaska.gov/air/anpms/ulsd/ulsdhome.htmEMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1336 Table 5.6-84 Calendar Year 2008 Locomotive Emissions by Line Segment and Yard

Line Segment or Switching Yard HC CO NO

x PM 10 PM 2.5 SO 2 Healy to Fairbanks (lb/day) 120.00 354.67 2253.38 68.00 65.96 41.73

Fairbanks to North Pole (lb/day) 7.54 22.28 141.58 4.27 4.14 2.62

North Pole to Eielson (lb/day) 1.33 3.93 24.96 0.75 0.73 0.46

Eielson to Ft. Greely (lb/day) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fairbanks Yard (lb/day) 3.58 9.41 60.00 1.36 1.32 0.77

Eielson Yard (lb/day) 0.45 1.18 7.50 0.17 0.16 0.10

Total Locomotive Emissions (lb/day) 132.90 391.47 2487.43 74.56 72.32 45.68

Total Locomotive Emissions (tons/year) 24.25 71.44 453.96 13.61 13.20 8.34

Table 5.6-85 Calendar Year 2015 Locomotive Emissions by Line Segment and Yard

Line Segment or Switching Yard HC CO NO

x PM 10 PM 2.5 SO 2 Healy to Fairbanks (lb/day) 76.00 354.67 1720.04 45.33 43.97 1.25

Fairbanks to North Pole (lb/day) 4.78 22.28 108.07 2.85 2.76 0.08

North Pole to Eielson (lb/day) 0.84 3.93 19.05 0.50 0.49 0.01

Eielson to Ft. Greely (lb/day) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fairbanks Yard (lb/day) 3.11 9.41 53.09 1.19 1.15 0.02

Eielson Yard (lb/day) 0.39 1.18 6.64 0.15 0.14 0.00

Total Locomotive Emissions (lb/day) 85.12 391.47 1906.89 50.02 48.52 1.37

Total Locomotive Emissions (tons/year) 15.53 71.44 348.01 9.13 8.85 0.25

Table 5.6-86 Calendar Year 2019 Locomotive Emissions by Line Segment and Yard

Line Segment or Switching Yard HC CO NO

x PM 10 PM 2.5 SO 2 Healy to Fairbanks (lb/day) 52.00 354.67 1373.36 33.33 32.33 1.25

Fairbanks to North Pole (lb/day) 3.27 22.28 86.29 2.09 2.03 0.08

North Pole to Eielson (lb/day) 0.58 3.93 15.21 0.37 0.36 0.01

Eielson to Ft. Greely (lb/day) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fairbanks Yard (lb/day) 2.81 9.41 49.38 1.09 1.05 0.02

Eielson Yard (lb/day) 0.35 1.18 6.17 0.14 0.13 0.00

Total Locomotive Emissions (lb/day) 59.01 391.47 1530.42 37.02 35.91 1.37

Total Locomotive Emissions (tons/year) 10.77 71.44 279.30 6.76 6.55 0.25EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1337 Spatial Allocation – Line-haul locomotive emissions over each of the rail se gments listed in the preceding tables were spatially allocated to i ndividual grid cells in the modeling domain using GIS software and a statewide rail line shap efile developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation. The allocations assumed a consta nt line-haul speed and thus were proportional to the lineal track length within each grid cell.

Yard-switching emissions were allocated to speci fic grid cells that encompassed the Fairbanks and Eielson rail yards using es timated apportionment factors th at corresponded to the amounts of switching track lines within each cell.



### A IRCRAFT

Emissions were estimated from aircraft operation s at three regional airfields within the modeling domain: 1) Fairbanks International Airpor t (FAI); 2) Fort Wa inwright Army Post 97 (FBK); and 3) Eielson Air Force Base (EIL). The aircra ft emissions were developed using the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Emission and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS). EDMS considers the physical characteristics of each airport along with detailed meteorological and operations information in order to estimate th e overall emissions of aircraft, ground support equipment (GSE) and auxiliary power units (APUs) at each airport. At the time the analysis was performed, EDMS 5.1.3 was the latest available version.

EDMS Methodology Summary - The EDMS model re quires as input detailed information on landings and take-offs (LTO) for each aircraft type in order to assign GSE and estimate the

associated emissions. Each LTO is assumed to co mprise six distinct airc raft related emissions modes: startup, taxi out, take o ff, climb out, approach, and taxi in. The EDMS modeled defaults for time in mode and angle of climb out and approach were used for purposes of this analysis. In order to properly allocate aircra ft emissions to each vertical la yer of analysis (elevation above ground level), aircraft emissions we re estimated for each mode and ascribed to a specific vertical layer. The vertical grid struct ure established for the Fairbanks PM 2.5 attainment modeling consists of 38 vertical layers ranging betw een ground level and 100,000 feet as shown in Table

5.6-87. The current version of EDMS allows the user to vary the mixing height over a range from 1,000 feet to a maximum of 10,000 feet. T hus, the tan-shaded layers (1 through 21) in Table 5.6-87 represent those fo r which EDMS emissions were assigned or distributed as

described below.

Emissions associated with aircraft start up, taxi in or out, and take off, were assigned to Layer 2 (approximately 13 feet above ground level) to re flect average engine he ights above ground. GSE and APU emissions were assigned to Layer 1. C limb out and approach emissions were ascribed proportionately between layers 2 and 11 (form 13 to approxim ately 1,300 feet) based upon the

relative size of the distance betw een layer boundaries. Separate ED MS runs were made for each of the remaining 10 layers (Layers 12-21) with boundaries between 1,000 and 10,000 feet.

All EDMS runs assumed the minimum temperature allowable in default mode of -9.08 o C (15.7 o F). The following sub-sections separately describe the data sources, assumptions and methods used to generate EDMS-based airc raft emission estimates for each airfield.

97 Formerly Ladd Air Force Base.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1338 Table 5.6-87 Vertical Layer Boundaries Included in the Emissions Analysis
Layer Meters Feet Layer Meters Feet

1 0 0 20 2,408.84 7,903.01

2 4.00 13.13 21 2,922.27 9,587.47

3 8.00 26.26 22 3,470.92 11,387.50

4 12.81 42.03 23 4,059.98 13,320.13

5 23.63 77.54 24 4,695.90 15,406.45

6 46.94 153.99 25 5,386.76 17,673.05

7 67.89 222.73 26 6,142.97 20,154.05

8 112.79 370.05 27 6,978.19 22,894.28

9 177.96 583.87 28 7,910.89 25,954.32

10 276.73 907.91 29 8,966.86 29,418.78

11 410.35 1,346.28 30 10,126.79 33,224.30

12 546.23 1,792.09 31 11,416.93 37,457.05

13 684.46 2,245.61 32 12,875.50 42,242.38

14 825.13 2,707.10 33 14,512.04 47,611.59

15 968.31 3,176.85 34 16,445.80 53,955.93

16 1,150.96 3,776.12 35 18,747.26 61,506.62

17 1,375.80 4,513.78 36 21,744.80 71,341.08

18 1,646.36 5,401.43 37 25,751.01 84,484.76

19 1,987.69 6,521.28 38 32,139.07 105,442.93

Fairbanks International Airport - Fairbanks International Airpor t is a state-owned public-use airport located three miles (5 km ) southwest of the central business district of Fairbanks in the North Star Borough of Alaska. Given the fact that FAI is positioned only 9.5 hours from 90% of the northern industrialized hemisphere and consid ering that the airport is open 24 hours a day (including holidays), FAI is convenient for servici ng cargo airlines as a refueling stop for aircraft on trans-polar routes. FAI is also se rved by a number of passenger airlines.

Annual LTOs for FAI in 2008, 25,607, were obtained from the Alaska International Airport System (AIAS) 98 . However, these AIAS data did not in clude the distribution of LTOs by aircraft type. The LTO distribution by aircraft types was derived from the FAI Statistics System. 99 A report generated for January of 2011 included the activ ity of 45 air carriers utilizing 39 different types of aircraft. 92% of the repo rted LTOs were attributable to ai rcraft types that were included in the EDMS model. The remaining 8% of the LTOs were either ascribed to similar aircraft with respect to manufacturer, size and purpose, or proportionately di stributed among those aircraft types present in the model. Table 5.6-88 pres ents the distribution of 2008 LTOs by airframe for FAI used in the modeling.

98 Alaska International Airport System – Statistics, Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, http://dot.alaska.gov/aias/stat2557scascca.shtml

. 99 http://dot.alaska.gov/faiiap/index.shtml

.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1339 Table 5.6-88 2008 LTOs by Aircraft Type for Fairbanks International Airport (FAI)

Airframe LTOs Airframe LTOs Boeing 737-400 3,075 Douglas DC-6 891 Boeing 737-700 353 Dehavilland Q400 17 Boeing 737-800 1,882 Bomb ardier DHC-8 1,764 Boeing 737-900 554 Embraer EM-120 168 Boeing 747-200 67 Embraer EJR-135 17 Boeing 747-400 50 Gulfstream 450 17 Boeing 767-300 34 Gulfstream 550 50

ATR-72 319 Gulfstream IV 34 Beechcraft-1900C 1,680 Gulfstream V 101

Beechcraft-1900D 706 Hawker HS-125 900XP 34 Boeing BBJ 34 Lockheed L-100-30 118 Bombardier Global Expr ess 34 Lear-35A 403 Cessna 206 907 Piper PA-31 7,511 Cessna 208 3,730 Piper PC-12 50 Cessna Citation 550 17 Piper Lance PA32R 756 Bombardier Challenger 604 84 Fairchild SA-227 17 Dassault Falcon 20 50 Short Sky Van 84

In default mode, EDMS automatically assigns GSE and auxiliary power units (APU) to each LTO based upon airframe type. GSE include air c onditioning units, air starts , aircraft tractors, baggage tractors, belt loaders, bobt ails, cabin service trucks, cargo loaders, carts, catering trucks, deicers, fork lifts, fuel trucks, generators, ground power units, hydrant carts, lavatory trucks, lifts, passenger stands, service trucks, sweepers, water service trucks , and any other vehicles or equipment that tend to the aircraft while at th e gate. Although APUs are most often on-board generators that provide electri cal power to the aircraft whil e its engines are shut down, many aircraft utilize external generators. For purposes of this analysis, the EDMS defaults for GSE and APU age distribution, motive power and operating time per LTO were used. All GSE and APUs emissions were assigned to ground level as noted earlier.

The EDMS estimated 2008 emission inventory fo r FAI is presented in Table 5.6-89 below.

Table 5.6-89 2008 FAI Emissions Inventory by Source Category (Metric Tons per Day)

Source CO 2 CO THC VOC TOG NO
x SO
x PM 10 PM 2.5 Aircraft 76.439 1.934 0.118 0.115 0.125 0.255 0.031 0.002 0.002

APU - 0.010 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.001

GSE - 0.328 - 0.011 0.012 0.036 0.001 0.001 0.001

Totals 76.439 2.272 0.118 0.127 0.138 0.296 0.033 0.004 0.004EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1340 Fort Wainwright/LADD Army Airfield
- Fort Wainwright (FBK) is located adjacent to Fairbanks

in the interior of Alaska in the North Star Borough about 365 miles north of Anchorage. Information regarding 2008 LTOs was obtained fr om FBK in the form of monthly average flights by group. Table 5.6-90 below presents these data. (Annual LTOs were developed by multiplying the monthly averages show n in Table 5.6-90 by a factor of 12.)

Table 5.6-90 Fort Wainwright Monthly Average Flights by Group
Group Base Year Military/Local 832 Military/Transient 195

General Aviation / Local 486

General Aviation / Transient 570
Monthly Total 2,083

Summaries of the type of aircraft in each of these groups are provided below:

 Military/Local - denotes activity by Army-owned aircraft stationed at Ladd Army Airfield which are all rotary-wing airc raft; CH-47 Chinook, UH-60 Blackhawks and OH58 Kiowa Warriors. The monthly LTOs for this group were distributed according to the proportion of available aircraft.

 Military/Transient - reflects activity by military aircra ft that utilize the airspace/airfield

that are not stationed at Ladd Army Airfield. The aircra ft inventory includes the A-10 Warthog, C-12 Huron, C-130 Hercules, C-17 Globe Master, F-16 Falcon and KC-135 Strato-Tanker. The monthly LTO for this gr oup were assumed to be evenly distributed

across the available airframes.

 General Aviation/Local - represents activity by Bur eau of Land Management (BLM)

owned aircraft stationed at La dd Army Airfield. The aircraft mix in this group includes the Bell 212, Euro-Copter AS-350, Canadair CL-215 Scooper, CASA C-212 Avio-car, Cessna 206 Sky Wagon, Dornier 228 and Short Sherpa. The LTOs for this group were evenly distributed across all airframes.

 General Aviation/Transient - denotes activity by non-military aircraft not stationed at Ladd Army Airfield. The mix of aircraft in this group includes the Beech King Air 350, Boeing 737, Citation Cessna 552, Gulfstream Jet V, and Bell 206 Jet-Ranger.

As was the case with FAI, some of the aircra ft in use at FBK were not found in the EDMS database. In these instances, alternative airframe s were selected according to similarity, or the

LTOs associated with those missing aircraft were proporti onately distributed among the remainder of the fleet. The LTOs by aircraft us ed in the FBK modeling are presented in Table

5.6-91.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1341 Table 5.6-91 2008 LTOs by Aircraft Type for Fort Wai nwright/LADD Army Airfield (FBK)

Airframe LTOs Airframe LTOs
Bell 206 2,876 Dornier 228 1,166 Boeing 737 1,710 A-10 Thunderbolt II 390 C-17 Globe Master 390 Gulfstream Jet V 1,710 CH-46 Sea Knight 3,328 OH-6 Cayuse 3,328

KC-135 Strato-Tanker 390 F-16 Falcon 390
CL-415 1,166 C-12 Huron 390 CASA C-212 1,166 UH-60 Blackhawk 3,328 Cessna 206 Sky Wagon 1,166 C-130 Hercules 390 Citation Cessna 552 1,710 Total 24,996

GSE and APU assignment and emissions were mode led using the EDMS defaults. The resulting inventory for FBK is summarized in Table 5.6-92 as follows.

Table 5.6-92 2008 FBK Emissions Inventory by Source Category (Metric Tons per Day)

Source CO 2 CO THC VOC TOG NO
x SO
x PM 10 PM 2.5 Aircraft 77.839 0.506 0.115 0.132 0.133 0.287 0.032 0.004 0.004

APU 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.001

GSE 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.001

Totals 77.839 0.625 0.115 0.137 0.139 0.318 0.033 0.005 0.005

Eielson Air Force Base - Eiels on Air Force Base (EIL) is located approximately 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Fairbanks, Alaska in central Alaska's Fairbanks-Nor th Star Borough. North Pole is the nearest community to the base, located nine miles awa y. Established in 1943 as Mile 26 Satellite Field, Eielson is home to the 354th Fi ghter Wing which is part of the Eleventh Air Force (11 AF) of Pacific Air Forces (PACAF).

Eielson played an important role because of its strategic location. Aircraft movement information including take off, landings, touch- and-go, low approach, or aircraft passing though EIL airspace were provided by AF B personnel for February of 2008. It was estimated that some 1,100 aircraft movements per month (13,200 annual LTOs) were attributable to AFB operations with an approximately 60% / 40% military / civilian distribution.

The airframes assigned to EIL include the A-10 Thunderbolt II, C-123, F-4 Phantom II, F-16 Fighting Falcon, KC-135 Strato-Tan ker, and the OV-10 Bronco. Lacking aircraft specific LTOEMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1342 information, it was assumed that each aircraft was equally likely to have contributed to overall emissions for the purposes of this analysis. Civilia n traffic was attributed to the Piper PA-31 as the most frequent flyer found in the analysis of FAI. The assumed LTOs by aircraft type for EIL

are included in Table 5.6-93 below.

Table 5.6-93 2008 LTOs by Aircraft Type for Eielson Air Force Base (EIL)

Airframe LTOs Airframe LTOs
KC-135 Strato-Tanker 1,056 Rockwell OV-10 Bronco 1,056 A-10 1,056 T-38 Talon 1,056 Martin WB-57F Cabrera 1,056 Piper PA-31 5,808 Lockheed Martin F-16 Falcon 1,056 McDonnell Douglas F4

Phantom 1,056

As for the other airfields, GSE and APU assignm ent and emissions were also modeled using the EDMS defaults. The resulting inventory fo r Eielson is presented in Table 5.6-94.

Table 5.6-94 2008 EIL Emissions Inventory by Source Category (Metric Tons per Day)

Source CO 2 CO THC VOC TOG NO
x SO
x PM 10 PM 2.5 Aircraft 155.062 0.669 0.092 0.106 0.106 0.653 0.064 0.006 0.006

APU 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.001

GSE 0.000 0.112 0.000 0.005 0.005 0.027 0.001 0.001 0.001

Totals 155.062 0.685 0.092 0.110 0.111 0.713 0.065 0.009 0.009

Combined Airfield Emissions Inventory - Taken in the aggregate, the three airfields included in the current analysis contribute only modestly to the overall emissions of the region. The vast majority of emissions associated with airc raft take off, landing and related ground support equipment occur near ground level which may re sult in increased exposure. Table 5.6-95 presents the combined emissions of the three an alyzed airfields stratified by vertical layer.

The emission units in Table 5.6-95 differ from those in the earlier airfield-s pecific tables. EMDS output units of metric tons were us ed in those tables. They have been converted to tons in Table 5.6-95 for consistent comparison with other se ctors of the emissions inventory. EDMS 5.1.3 does not estimate ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions for aircraft; thus as highlighted in gray in Table 5.6- 95, they were assumed to be zero.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1343

Table 5.6-95 2008 Combined Emissions Inventory of Aircraft Operations (Tons/Day)

Layer VOC CO NO x SO x NH 3 PM 10 PM 2.5

1 0.0245 0.5222 0.1451 0.0045 0 0.0078 0.0076

2 0.3439 1.9753 0.8279 0.0983 0 0.0093 0.0093

3 0.0004 0.0082 0.0019 0.0002 0 0.0000 0.0000

4 0.0003 0.0049 0.0011 0.0001 0 0.0000 0.0000

5 0.0006 0.0111 0.0026 0.0003 0 0.0000 0.0000

6 0.0012 0.0240 0.0055 0.0007 0 0.0001 0.0001

7 0.0011 0.0215 0.0050 0.0006 0 0.0000 0.0000

8 0.0024 0.0462 0.0106 0.0013 0 0.0001 0.0001

9 0.0034 0.0670 0.0154 0.0019 0 0.0001 0.0001

10 0.0052 0.1016 0.0234 0.0028 0 0.0002 0.0002

11 0.0070 0.1374 0.0317 0.0038 0 0.0003 0.0003

12 0.0058 0.1656 0.0334 0.0036 0 0.0003 0.0003

13 0.0036 0.1570 0.0336 0.0032 0 0.0003 0.0003

14 0.0035 0.1559 0.0318 0.0030 0 0.0003 0.0003

15 0.0031 0.1300 0.0664 0.0047 0 0.0005 0.0005

16 0.0030 0.1552 0.0996 0.0063 0 0.0007 0.0007

17 0.0011 0.0830 0.0330 0.0022 0 0.0003 0.0003

18 0.0013 0.0990 0.0273 0.0019 0 0.0002 0.0002

19 0.0009 0.0608 0.0341 0.0022 0 0.0002 0.0002

20 0.0005 0.0137 0.0203 0.0012 0 0.0001 0.0001

21 0.0007 0.0096 0.0130 0.0013 0 0.0000 0.0000

Total 0.4136 3.9490 1.4627 0.1441 0 0.0208 0.0206

Spatial Allocation – In addition to the vertical layer allocations repr esented in Table 5.6-95, simple horizontal allocations of aircraft emissi ons were developed within a GIS system based on a map overlay of each of the th ree airfields and the modeling do mains grid cells. Ground-based and elevated (climb out and approach) emissions we re distributed into the 3-5 specific grid cells that encompassed the runway and taxiway/termin al apron areas of each airfield. (Refined allocations of climb out and approach emissions by horizontal and vertical cell reflecting typical in-air flight trajectories at each airfield we re not developed given the magnitude of airfield

emissions relative to the entire emissions i nventory and significance of ground-based sources

under the limited vertical mi xing characterizing winter PM 2.5 episodes in Fairbanks.)



### S UMMARY	OF 

### N ON 

### ‐R OAD 

### E MISSIONS

Table 5.6-96 provides a summary of annual emi ssions totaled across the modeling domain for each of the source “groups” within the non-road sector and by calendar year. Primary (i.e., direct) PM 2.5 emissions are highlighted in the rightmost column. To put these values in context,

non-road sector PM 2.5 emissions represent less than 4% of the total emissions inventory.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1344 Table 5.6-96 Non-Road Annual Emissions (tons/year) by Source Group and Calendar Year

Calendar

Year Non-Road Source Group VOC CO NO x SO x NH 3 PM 10 PM 2.5

2008 NONROAD model sources 2,570 8,278 415 3 3 85 80

Locomotives 24 71 454 8 0 14 13
Aircraft (and GSE & APUs) 151 1,441 534 53 0 8 8
Total Non-Road 2,746 9,791 1,403 64 3 107 101

2015 NONROAD model sources 1,859 6,723 306 1 4 64 60

Locomotives 15 71 347 0 0 9 9
Aircraft (and GSE & APUs) 151 1,441 534 53 0 8 8
Total Non-Road 2,026 8,236 1,186 54 4 81 77

2019 NONROAD model sources 1,493 6,085 253 1 4 51 48

Locomotives 11 71 278 0 0 7 7
Aircraft (and GSE & APUs) 151 1,441 534 53 0 8 8

Total Non-Road 1,655 7,597 1,065 54 4 66 62EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1345 

### F ORECASTED 

### C ONTROL 

### M EASURE 

### B ENEFITS

The preceding sub-sections of this appendix focu sed on describing the data sources, assumptions, methodologies and calculation workflows used to generate episodic emissions for the 2008 Baseline and 2015 and 2019 Projected Ba seline inventories. This s ub-section provides a detailed discussion of the approach used to calculate emi ssion benefits from control measures analyzed in

the SIP and used in the forecasted 2015 and 2019 Control inventories.



### M EASURES 

### I NCLUDED	IN 

### C ONTROL 

### I NVENTORIES

Quantitative emission benefits were developed a nd applied in the Control inventories only for programs and measures for which existing data or reasonably devel oped projections were available. Although there are number of measur es embodied in the SIP and associated State regulations, only those for which ex plicit data were available were directly accounted for in the Control inventories. These measures all target the space heating emission sector and consisted of the following:

 ARA Hydronic Heating Retrofit Program;

 FNSB Wood Stove Change Out Program;

 State Standards for New Home Heating Devices;

 State-Coordinated Wintertim e Dry Wood Use Program; and

 Expansion of Natural Gas Availability.

Table 5.6-97 below lists the calendar year(s) fo r which each measure applies, as well as the Control inventory year(s) for which measure bene fits were calculated. Implementation of the two State programs (Wood Device Standards in New Homes and Winterti me Dry Wood Use) is expected in mid-2015, thus the first full year for which their benefits apply would be 2016. Thus like Natural Gas Expansion, no benefits were m odeled for these two State programs in the 2015 Control inventory. (But their accumulated benefits were modeled in the 2019 Control inventory.)

Table 5.6-97 Summary of Modeled Control Measures and Applicable Years

Modeled Control Measure Year(s) for Which Measure Applies Control Inventory Year(s)
ARA Hydronic Heater Retrofit Program 2012 2015, 2019 FNSB Wood Stove Change Out Pr ogram 2011 and later 2015, 2019 State Standards for New Home Heating Devices 2016 a and later 2019 State-Coordinated Wintertime Dry Wood Use Program 2016 a and later 2019 Expansion of Natural Gas Availability 2016 b and later 2019

a Assuming these State programs are implemented in mid-2015 , 2016 represent the first fully year for which their benefits would apply.

b Current Alaska Industry De velopment and Export Authority estimate, based on initial Interior Gas Utility construction phase sl ated for 2015 Q4.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1346 Hydronic Heater Retrofit Progr am (ARA OHH Retrofits) – The Alaska Resource Agency (ARA) secured funding to identify and retrofit 40 outdoor hydronic heaters 100 (OHHs) with ClearStak or similar pollution control devices (PCDs). The retrofits were performed in late 2011 and 2012.

The effects of these retrofits we re not captured in the early 2011 Fairbanks Home Heating survey

that was used to estimate the mix and number of devices in the SIP i nventory and thus were treated as a control program with “fixed ” benefits from those one-time retrofits.

FNSB Wood Stove Change Out Program (FNS B WSCO Program) – Beginning in June 2010, the
Fairbanks Borough has operated a program within the non-attainment area designed to provide
incentives for the replacement of older, highe r-polluting residential w ood-burning devices with
new cleaner devices, or remova l of the old devices.

100 Also called outdoor wood boilers (OWBs).EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1347 Table 5.6-98 presents a historical summary of how the WSCO program wa s originally designed and how it has been modified over time since it began.

As summarized inEMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1348 Table 5.6-98, the design of the WSCO program ha s evolved over time, but these changes have generally consisted of both incr easing the financial incentives as well as expanding the types of solid fuel burning appliances (SFB As) or devices that are eligible to participate in the program.

In estimating accumulated emission benefits from continuation of the WSCO beyond 2014, it
was assumed that the current program design (circa March 2014 as listed inEMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1349 Table 5.6-98) would continue going forward. Ho wever, as explained in the following subsection, the number of change outs in each futu re year was forecasted to decline over time reflecting an assumption that as the populati on of uncertified devices (and dirtier certified devices) declines, owners of those remaining devi ces are less likely to participate in the program than those who already have.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1350 Table 5.6-98 Fairbanks Borough Wood Stove Change Out Program Historical Summary

Program Old Appliance Type New Appliance Type Allowed Payout

JUNE 2010 – Original program. Limited to PM 2.5 non-attainment area. Participants in the removal program signed deed restriction in which they agree they would not install another solid fuel burning appliance for 10 years. Removal OHH (Outdoor Hydronic Heater) No solid fuel burning appliances $7,500 cash Removal IHH (Indoor Hydronic Heater) No solid fuel burning appliances $4,000 cash Removal Other SFBA No solid fuel burning appliances $3,000 cash

Replacement HH (outdoor or indoor) – non

EPA Phase II EPA Phase II, EPA cert SFBA or any pellet Up to $2,500

Replacement Other SFBA – non EPA cert EPA cert SFBA or any pellet Up to $2,500 Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750

Repair Other Emissions Reducing Component n/a Up to $750

Repair Chimney Repair n/a Up to $750 Repair Retrofit Device n/a Up to $1,000

JANUARY 2013 – In October 2012, Citizens’ Initiative Prop 3 passed (The borough shall not, in any way, regulate, prohibit, curtail, nor issue fines or fees associated with sale, dist ribution, or operation of heating appliances or any combustible fuel. ) Program suspended Dec. 2012 while it was modified. Opened to all Borough properties. Devices ≤ 2.5 grams/hr eligible for higher payout. Replacement devices must be EPA certified.

Replacement HH (outdoor or indoor) EP A cert SFBA or pe llet Up to $2,500

Replacement Other SFBA – non EPA cert EPA cert SFBA or pellet 75% of cost up to $2,500/$3,000** Removal Remove HH w/out replacement $2,000

Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750

Repair Other Emissions Reducing Component n/a Up to $750

Repair Chimney Repair n/a Up to $750 Repair Retrofit Device Up to $1,000 ENHANCED PROGRAM (May – Sept 2013) – Completely different program (operated in conjunction with the regular program), limited to 3 specific areas in the non-at tainment area. Also, allowe d for replacing EPA-certified

SFBAs with emission rate ≤ 2.0 grams/hr (overall emissions reduction must be at least 50%).

Replacement OHH EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $10,000

Replacement Other SFBA EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

Replacement Fireplace EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

MARCH 2014 (Current Program) – Changed to limit to properties in non-attainment area, and includes $300 fuel voucher for pellets or compressed logs. Now allows for replacing EPA-certified SFBAs w/emissions of 2.5 grams/hr and greater (and requiring an emi ssion reduction of at least 50%), and fireplaces.

Replacement OHH EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $10,000

Replacement Other SFBA EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

Replacement Fireplace EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

Removal Remove HH w/out replacement n/a $2,000 Removal Remove SFBA w/o replacement n/a $1,000

Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750

Repair Other Emissions Reducing Component n/a Up to $750

Source: Fairbanks North Star Borough. SFBA – Solid Fuel Burning Appliance.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1351 State Space Heating Device Standards in Ne w Homes – This DEC-headed program would require that space heating devices installed innew residential homes in the Fairbanks nonattainment area are EPA-certified devices meeting a 2.5 gram/hour PM 2.5 certification standard.

State-Coordinated Wintertime Dry Wood Use Program – A second DEC-led program would consist of a coordinated program designed to promote and potential ly incentivize greater use of “dry” wood (defined as wood with a moisture content [MC] that does not exceed 20% on a dry basis). The projected wood moisture content in 2019 in the absence of such as program is 36.4%, averaged across the two wood source gr oups: (1) Buy (thos e who purchase wood commercially) and (2) Cut Own (those who cut, stack, and store their own wood).

Expansion of Natural Gas Availability in Fa irbanks – A portion of the non-attainment area includes a limited delivery infrastructure for reside ntial and commercial natural gas use from the existing Fairbanks Natural Gas (FNG) private u tility. Plans are being coordinated and funding made available through several state agencies, led by the Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority (AIDEA), to provide a sufficien tly expanded infrastructure and delivery via expansion of FNG’s infrastructure within its se rvice area and additional gas delivery from a new public entity, the Interior Gas Utility (IGU), acr oss an expanded area roughly encompassing the

remainder of the non-attainment area. AIDEA is st ewarding this expanded service with a goal of natural gas being priced at the re tail, point of sale level of ro ughly half the existing cost of heating oil, or about $15-$17 per mcf (thousand cubic feet).



### C ONTROL 

### M EASURE 

### C ALCULATIONS

Detailed discussions of the emission benefit ca lculations for each modeled control measure are presented in this sub-section. Although the methodologies and assumptions used to estimate emission benefits in 2015 and 2019 (within the re spective Control invent ories) are described separately for each measure, the calculations an d supporting data are contained within a single electronic spreadsheet, ControlCalcs_FbksSIP_Final.xlsx , contained in the electronic “SIP Analysis Files” archive submitted under separate cover from the SIP documentation. Elements of this spreadsheet are referenced in the followi ng descriptions and for brevity, the spreadsheet itself is subsequently referred to as s imply as the “ControlCalcs” spreadsheet.

Prior to calculating emission benefi ts for individual control measur es, an analysis structure was set up in the Calcs sheet of the ControlCal cs spreadsheet to import 2008 baseline and projected

baseline emissions within the non-attainment area by SCC code from externally-developed emission inventory (EI) summaries for the sp ace heating sector. Workflow in the Calcs sheet was also set up to properly project heating devi ce counts given effects of “natural” turnover of uncertified heating devices occurr ing outside of the WSCO program.

At the top of the Calcs sheet in the cell range A1:W83 a series of device count projections are shown by calendar year (beginning in 2011 base d on data being utilized from the 2011 Home Heating survey). The upper table (Rows 1-42) shows projected device counts by device type based only on projected household growth (at roughly a 1.1% annual rate). The lower table (Rows 45-83) shows similar projections that al so account for natural turnover of uncertified

devices.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1352 These device counts are calcula ted from extrapolations of th e 2011 Home Heating survey and supporting data contained in the HHSurvey11

, Base11Counts2010 and Base11Counts2020

sheets.

Below these project baseline device count ta bles, projected baseline space heating device emissions (tons/day or tpd), emission factors (lb/mmBTU) and usage (mmBTU/device-day) by SCC code are contained in the cell range A111:N230. Rows 77-112 contain projected 2011 baseline data; Rows 113-146 contain projecte d 2015 baseline data; Rows 153-186 contain projected 2017 data; and proj ected 2019 baseline data are in Rows 193-230. (The 2011 projections are used because of the year of the 2011 survey data on which a number of

calculation elements are based. The 2017 data we re generated in conjunction with the 2017 RFP inventory and linear progress asse ssment.) The projected baselin e data in these ranges are imported from modeling inventory tabulations that are contained in the series of DevSumOut sheets for each future forecast year.

Beyond Column N in Rows 113-230 of the Calcs sheet, incremental emission benefits are then

calculated for each of the five modeled contro l measures in the following order: 1) ARA Retrofits, 2) WSCO Program, 3) State Standards, 4) State Dr y Wood Use; and 5) Natural Gas Expansion, and in left to right order in these section of the Calcs sheet. The order of calculated benefits is important to clarify because of the fact that some of these measures target the same

source. Thus this serial workflow with an es tablished order of applied control measures was used to ensure that overlapping benefits were not double-counted and that the benefits calculated

reflect this order of measures considered in combination. The net emissions (and emission factors) after applying the e ffects of each measure by device/SCC become “inputs” to the emission calculations for the next serially-applie d measure. The measure-specific calculations performed in this section of the Calcs sheet are discussed in further detail below for each control measure, along with locations of upstream data a nd assumptions in other specific sheets of the ControlCalcs spreadsheet.

ARA OHH Retrofits - The ARAOHHCalcs sheet of the ControlCal cs spreadsheet contains

detailed calculations of the re sulting emission benefits from re trofitting of 40 OHHs within the

non-attainment area with ClearStak control devices . ARA estimated these retrofits provide an 80-90% reduction in particulate emissions ba sed on testing conducted under a NESCAUM study. Based on visual observations/follow-up by Fairbanks Borough staff after retrofits were installed, a “real world” emission reduction of 30% per retr ofit was assumed that accounted for imperfect compliance and use as shown in Cell V2.

The data provided by ARA included the street ad dress, make and model of each retrofitted OHH and an ARA-supplied estimate of the amount of w ood burned in each device (in cords per year). Emission factors (in lb PM 2.5 /mmBTU) were then assigned to each device based on its make/model and additional descriptive “comment” data for the device provided by ARA. In short, devices were generally assigned emi ssion factors of 0.57 lb/mmBTU for unqualified devices and factors that range d from 0.18 to 0.32 lb/mmBTU for Phase 2 OHHs as identifiedEMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1353 using EPA’s “Burnwise” certified OHH database 101 . (The 0.57 lb/mmBTU emission factor for unqualified OHHs was that developed for those de vices in the baseline emission inventory.)

Participant addresses were checked against those available from the FNSB WSCO program. If a device was found to have also participated in the WSCO program after the ARA program, its ARA program emission benefits were zeroed to avoid double-counting. The effects of these discounts due to subsequent par ticipation in the WSCO program are reflected in Columns Y-AA.

Total PM 2.5 emission reductions from retrofit of these devices under the ARA program (after removing benefits for those that subsequently participated in the WSCO program) were estimated to be 0.0046 tons/day for an average modeling episode day as shown in Cell AA46. This reduction represents 0.2% of projected ba seline space heating emissions and roughly 0.1%

of total emissions in the non-atta inment area. (No benefits were assumed for gaseous pollutants.)

Because the ARA program was a “one-time” progr am, with funded retrofits performed in 2011- 2012 (and post-dated the 2011 Home Heating su rvey upon which the baseline inventory was based), these control bene fits were applied as a constant abso lute reduction (in tons/day) in the

2015 and 2019 Control inventories. Thes e calculations are contained in the Calcs sheet in the cell ranges of Q117:U142 for calendar year 2015 and Q197:U222 for calendar year 2019.

FNSB WSCO Program – Emission control benefits were calculated for the program based on transaction data collected by the Borough sin ce its inception, through mi d-August 2014. (Data for the partial 2014 calendar year were extrapol ated to the end of 2014 based on the expected number of applications projecte d by the Borough to be completed and change outs validated by the end of the year.) The tabulated change out s (with Borough-based ex trapolations through the end of 2014) are contained in cells A1:G28 of the WSCOTabs sheet in ControlCalcs.

For devices that were replaced, emission reducti ons were calculated by replacing the emission factor for each device type (f ireplace, insert, wood stove, OHH/ OWB, coal stove) with an emission factor (in lb/ton of fuel) equivalent to the emission rate cutpoints (in grams/hour) based

on emission factor vs. emission rate correlations developed fro m certification data published by

EPA 102 for over 1,000 wood-burning devices. For devi ces that were removed, it was assumed that the heating energy from the removed device would be replaced with equivalent energy from an oil furnace or boiler (and accounting for the he ating efficiency differences between the two devices). No emission reductions were assumed fo r repaired devices given the uncertainty of the type of repair performed and its effect on emissions.

WSCO Program Benefits in 2015 - Emission benefits from the WSCO program for the 2015 Control inventory were based on the accumulation of change outs from the start of the program through the end of 2014 (extrapolatin g the partial 2014 data as descri bed above). In attainment modeling, eligible control measure benefits are those that exist at the beginning of the modeling year. Thus in this case, WSCO program be nefits accumulated through the end of 2014 (not 2015) were used to model attainment in cale ndar year 2015. A tabulation of the cumulative

101 http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/owhhlist.html

102 http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/appliances.htmlEMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1354 year-to-year completed transactions in the WS CO is presented below in Table 5.6-99. Within each year, transactions are broken down by operation type (Replacement or Removal) and device type. As noted in the table title, these c ounts exclude repair transactions, unknown devices (types not known or recorded by the Borough) a nd indoor hydronic heater (IHH) transactions (since the small number of IHHs was not reflected in the baseline inventory).

Table 5.6-99 Fairbanks Borough Wood Stove Change Ou t Program Cumulative Transactions (Excluding IHHs, Unknown Devices and Repair Transactions)

Program Operation Device Type (end 2010) (end 2011) (end 2012) (end 2013) (end 2014)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Replacement Fireplace 0 0 0 0 74 Replacement Stove/Insert 103 246 698 899 1,257 Replacement OHH 1 3 5 22 43 Replacement Coal Stove 0 0 1 3 10

Removal Stove/Insert 10 44 184 190 194

Removal OHH 8 32 68 70 74

Removal Coal Stove 0 0 4 5 5 Replacements, Total 104 249 704 924 1,384 Removals, Total 18 76 256 265 273 Change-Outs, Total 122 325 960 1,189 1,657

These cumulative replacement/removal counts fr om the WSCO program were copied to the

WSCOTabsFnl sheet. The WSCOTabsFnl sheet also contains calculations of average device emissions upon replacement by device type based on lookups of certification levels for replaced devices by device make and model from EPA’s Burn wise certified device database coupled with lists of those specific device makes/models commonly sold in Fair banks developed by ADEC from surveys of local heating device retailers. (The list of devices co mmonly sold locally contained in a separate spreadsheet file.)

The distributions of emission rate s and emission factors for these locally-sold devices were used to determine the average emission rate/factor fo r devices that met a specific certification level (e.g., 2.5 grams/hour or g/hr). For example, from this local device emission rate distribution analysis, it was found that the average emission ra tes of woodstoves/inserts meeting standards of 2.5 g/hr and 2.0 g/hr were 1.9 g/hr and 1.4 g/hr, respectively as liste d in cells F7 and F6 of the Lookups sheet.

Calculations are then perform ed in cells N1:Y17 of the WSCOTabsFnl sheet to account for the fact that beginning in 2014, woodstove, insert and fireplace replacements under the WSCO must meet 2.5 g/hr standard (which translates to an average emission rate of 1.9 g/hr as shown there based on average locally-sold device emissions mee ting a 2.5 g/hr cutpoint.) These calculations are performed by calendar year to account for the changing average replacement emission rate over time, given the tighter replacement cutpoint established in 2014.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1355 Within the cell range W115:BF144 of the Calcs sheet, cumulative WSCO device replacements/removal counts by device type from the WSCOTabsFnl sheet (and Table 5.6-99)

are used to calculate emission benefits from th ese replacements/removals as of the end of 2014 (i.e., inventory year 2015). These cumulative co unts are contains in Columns Y and Z of the

Calcs sheet.

As explained earlier, separate cal culations of emissions before a nd after device replacement or device removal are performed. “Before” emission factors are based on those from the projected baseline inventory except for OWB’s, to reflec t nominally lower emission factors that resulted from the ARA OHH Retrofit program. “After” em ission factors for replaced devices are based on those developed by calendar year in the WSCOTabsFnl sheet. “After” emission factors for removed devices were calculated by assuming th at the heating energy (i n BTUs) from removed devices would be made up for by additional central oil furnace use. How much additional oil

furnace use would occur was calculated on a ne t heating energy basis, which account for differences in relative efficiency between th e various wood-burning devices and oil furnaces (which have higher heating efficiency than wood-burning devices). These before and after device replacement/removal calc ulations are contained in Columns AA through AA of the Calcs

sheet.

The net effect of decreased emissions from re moved/replaced devices and increased emissions from replacement devices and shifts to oil us e due to wood device removal are summarized in Columns AT through BF. Calculations of “Aft er WSCO Program” device counts, emissions for

both PM 2.5 and SO 2 103 , emission factors and device usage rate s are contained there. In addition to computing emission reductions resulting from the WSCO Program, it was also necessary to adjust emission factors and usage rates for affect ed devices to ensure benefits from additional measures serially applied afte r the WSCO program were not double-counting combined measure

effects as discussed earlier.

PM 2.5 emission reductions from the WSCO program in 2015 were estimated to be 0.394 tons/day across all heating devices as calculated in cell BA144 of the Calcs sheet. SO 2 emissions nominally increase by 0.015 tons/day, reflect gr eater use of oil heating devices assumed upon removal of existing wood devices under the pr ogram. In 2015, the program provides a 13.7% reduction in space heating PM 2.5 emissions in the non-attainment area relative to the projected baseline after accounting for the ARA program. Reductions for gaseous pollutants (relative to projected baseline space heating emissi ons) were estimated as 0.8% for SO 2 , 1.4% for NOx,

19.3% for VOC and 10.3% for NH 3

.

WSCO Program Benefits in 2019 - Emission benefits from continuation of the Borough’s WSCO through 2019 were estimated by pr ojecting additional annual change outs (either replacement of

103 Though not calculated explicitly in the Calcs sh eet, WSCO Program emission benefits for the other gaseous pollutants (NOx, VOC, NH 3 ) were scaled based on device-specific emission

factors relative to PM 2.5 . SO 2 emissions (and reductions) were directly computed in the Calcs sheet to explicitly account for the effect of removing wood devices (and heating energy) and replacing them with equivalent oil device em issions and heating BTUs, which have higher SO 2 emission factors (on a lb/BTU basis).EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1356 uncertified or higher-emitting certified devices with cleaner devices meeting a 2.5 gram/hour

PM 2.5 standard, or removal of devices with thei r displaced heating energy replaced by heating from oil-fired units). Rather than simply assuming that annual WSCO program device replacements/removals would occur at their actu al 2014 rate (or the aver age over the program’s four-year history), a decreasing e xponential curve was applied to account for the fact that as fewer and fewer uncertified devices exist over time, it will be harder to maintain existing annual participation levels or “throughput” in the progr am. This is depicted in Figure 5.6-38, which presents incremental annual change outs over time and shows the 2014 throughput as a constant horizontal blue line going forwar d and the assumed declining year-to-year trend shown below it in green. Calendar years shown re flect the start of the year, i. e., calendar year 2015 refers to change outs through the end of 2014.

Figure 5.6-38. Incremental Annual Change Ou ts, Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted

To ensure that this declining throughput forecas t properly accounted for the finite population of uncertified devices projected in the Borough in 2019 in the absence of the WSCO program, its

rate of decline was set such that the forecaste d number of uncertified wood stove and insert change outs in 2019 would approximately reach the “cap” of projected available population of

those uncertified devices in that year (after accounting for natu ral turnover occurring outside the program). This is shown in Figure 5.6-39, which displays cumulative change outs of uncertified

stoves and inserts over time and is seen where the green declining throughput forecast meets the projected uncertified stove/inse rt cap in 2019 (shown in red).

These population-capped declining throughput calcul ations are contained in cells A47:AD67 in

the WSCOTabs sheet. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Changeouts(replacements&removals)

Year 2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Forecasted ActualEMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1357 Figure 5.6-39. Cumulative Annual Change Outs, Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted,

Uncertified Wood Stoves and Inserts

Figure 5.6-40 shows a similar plot of actual and forecasted cumulative annual WSCO program change outs for all uncertified devices. (All uncer tified devices were represented as the sum of uncertified stoves/inserts, unqualif ied outdoor hydronic heaters, fire places, and coal heaters.) When all uncertified devices are plotted, there is still a margin between the projected number of cumulative change outs and the cap for all uncertif ied devices targeted under the current design of the WSCO program.

Again, calendar years shown refer to conditions as of the start of each year—i.e., calendar year 2019 refers to cumulative change outs through the end of 2018.

Similar computations for calendar year 2019 are performed in Rows 195-230 of the Calcs sheet to those described earlier for WSCO program bene fits in 2015 (in Rows 115-146). In this case the number of devices replacements/removal under the program represent cumulative change outs in 2019 (end of 2018) based on projected continuation of the program, albeit with declining annual throughput over time.

As calculated in cells BA224 and BB224 of the Calcs sheet, the WSCO program is forecasted to produce a 0.748 ton/day reduction in PM 2.5 emissions and a 0.010 ton/day increase in SO 2 emissions in the non-attainment area. This corresponds to a relative 104 cumulative PM 2.5 reduction in space heating emissions from the WS CO program of 25.4% in 2019 (incremental to the ARA OHH retrofits).

104 The relative reductions shown in the Calcs sheet are relative to the projected baseline and do

not match those cited in this sec tion, which are relative (or incremen tal) to the projected baseline after adjusting for effects of ot her serially-applied measures. The relative benefits cited are

contained in the Summary sheet of the ControlCalcs spreadsheet. 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Changeouts(replacements&removals)

Year 2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Actual Forecasted Cap

‐ With TurnoverEMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1358 Figure 5.6-40. Cumulative Annual Change Ou ts, Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted, All

Uncertified Devices

State Space Heating Device Standards in New Ho mes - Emission control benefits of such a program were developed using projections from the Borough’s Community Research Quarterly publications. 105 Residential new homes were projected from 358 units in 2012 (actual) to 661 units in 2019 (start of cale ndar year) based on the long-term 2000-2012 trend published in the Quarterly. Since implementation of this State program is not expected until mid-2015, emissions benefits were only modeled fo r the 2019 Control inventory.

Emission reductions of PM 2.5 (no reductions were assumed for gaseous pollutants) were then estimated for 2.5 g/hr devices rela tive to the typical mix of uncer tified/certified heating devices projected in 2019 and accounting for the overlappi ng effects of natural turnover and the WSCO program. Cells BJ195:BZ224 of the Calcs sheet contain the emission benefits calculations for the State Heating Device Standards measure in 2019.

Projected new home cumulative sales in 2019 (s ince assumed implementation in mid-2015) of 2,433 in Cell BJ197 were multiplied by the ratio of pr ojected baseline devices to total households

in the non-attainment area to estimate the number of wood devices that would need to meet the 2.5 g/hr standard in cells BJ204:BJ223. This was done to account for the fact that not all homes have a wood-burning device. A total of 627 wood devices were estimated to require “replacement” (over business as usual) or use of 2.5 g/hr certified devices.

The table in cells A9:G28 of the Lookups sheet contains tr anslations of PM 2.5 emission rates (g/hr) at specific cutpoint levels to emission f actors (lb/mmBTU). These translations use device-

105 http://co.fairbanks.ak.us/c ommunityplanning/crc/ 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Changeouts(replacements&removals)

Year 2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Actual Forecasted Cap

‐ With TurnoverEMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1359 specific multipliers for catalytic and non-catalytic woodstoves/inserts and OWBs developed from comparisons and linear regressions of certified emission rates and emission factors reported in EPA’s Burnwise device database. (These regr ession-based multipliers were calculated in an external spreadsheet, SpaceHeat_EF&ER_2013_WoodReplace_Calcs.xlsx .)

Columns BM through BR use these translations of emission rate standards to an emission factor (ln/mmBTU) basis and contain calculations of Before and After emissions where Before

emission factors for each device are based on base line emission factors for each device and After factors are equivalent to a 2.5 g/hr standard. (Recall th at a 2.5 g/hr standard translates to an average emission rate of 1.9 g/hr fo r devices sold in Fairbanks that are currently cert ified to meet a 2.5 g/hr standard.) Columns BS through BZ then contain calculations of the number of devices of each type/technology, average daily energy and fuel use, PM 2.5 emissions and emission reductions after applying the effect s of the State Standards measure.

As shown in Cell BX224 of the Calcs sheet, total PM 2.5 emission benefits from the State

Standards were estimated to be 0.045 tons/da y, and provide an additi onal 1.6% reduction in 2019 space heating emissions (over and above the ARA and WSCO programs).

State-Coordinated Wintertime Dry Wood Use Progr am - Because such a program has not yet been adopted and is currently being evaluated by DEC, a series of plausible assumptions based on existing survey data were used to develop es timates of potential emissi on reduction benefits. From the 2013 Wood Tag survey, 34.3% of wood-using survey re spondents indicated a willingness to pay up to $50 more per cord for dry wood knowing that dry wood provides roughly 25% more heating energy than wet wood (as explained in the Tag survey question). As a result, it was assumed that a coordinated wi ntertime Dry Wood Use progr am would result in 34% more homeowners from both the Buy and Cu t Own wood source groups burning dry (20% MC) wood. (The movement of both the Buy gro up and the Cut Own group to use greater use of dry wood comes about from additional State educ ation efforts that span both groups. It was assumed that the same relative shift toward gr eater dry wood use would o ccur in both groups.) Under this assumption, the composite wood moistu re content would drop to 30.8% and result in a heating energy reduction in wood use of roughly 4%.

Calculations that show this change in com posite average wood moisture (from 36.4% to 30.8% MC) are contained in the Moisture sheet of the ControlCalcs spr eadsheet. For the Buy group, the baseline (before Dry Wood Use program) moisture content is 64.2% as shown in Cell I63 and was calculated as the average moisture cont ent of wood purchased and burned during both January-February and November modeling episodes (cells C51 and C52). The baseline moisture content for the Cut Own group is 26.6% as show n in Cell I64 and was derived from moisture measurements in wood burning households in th e CCHRC Instrumented study that were largely thought to be “Cut Own” households. Cells I69 and I70 contain calculated moisture contents for the Buy and Cut Own groups after applying the assumed 34.3% shift toward dry wood use. The resulting moisture levels reflecting this shif t to greater dry wood use under the program are 49.0% and 24.3% for the Buy and Cut Own groups, respectively. Based on their relative usage fractions of 26.2% and 73.8% (ce lls E69 and E70), the resulting composite moisture content of

30.8% is shown in Cell I75.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1360 The Moisture sheet also contains a series of form ulas and a lookup table from those formulas shown the change in wood heating energy as a function of moisture content based on energy content reflecting the local mix of birch, spruce a nd aspen wood. Using the results in this lookup table, cell I77 shows an energy (BTU) adjustment factor of 0.959 that translates to a 4.1% reduction in wood use and thus, a co mmensurate reduction in wood-burning PM 2.5 emissions.

Back in the Calcs sheet, this translates to a PM 2.5 emissions benefit of 0.083 tons/day (Cell CK224), which represents an incremental PM 2.5 space heating emission re duction (on top of the preceding local and state measures) of 2.8% in 2019.

Expansion of Natural Gas Availability in Fair banks - Estimates of emission reductions from natural gas expansion in 2019 (end of 2018) were developed based on forecasted residential and commercial penetration levels across the non- attainment area from a recent January 2014 AIDEA report prepared by Cardno-Entrix. 106 The Cardno report consider ed not just estimates of penetration (i.e. availability of gas at point of sale), but also addressed conversion/use for both

the residential and commercial sectors and accounted for the costs of conversion for each sector. The combined residential household penetration and conversion to natural gas rate in 2019 estimated by Cardno was 36% at the end of 2018.

The Cardno report also included estimates of fuel use shifts (oil-to-gas, wood-to-gas) in converted households based on the targeted offe ring price for gas (about $2/gallon on a heating oil equivalent basis) and elasticity estimates th at reflected a shift of roughly 77% of existing wood-burning homes to gas. This 77% estimate is very consistent with an 74% wood household shift to gas at $2/gallon oil equi valent developed from responses to a question in the 2013 Wood Tag survey. (These wood household shifts were based only on homes that had alternative heating sources beyond wood. In other words, th ey excluded homes solely heated using wood,

which would be more difficult candida tes for conversion to natural gas.)

The natural gas penetration rate projections by calendar year developed by Cardno and “shift to gas at price X” response results from the 2013 Tag survey are contained in the NatGas sheet in the ControlCalcs spreadsheet. The Tag survey da ta are in Rows 1-25 and the Cardno-based gas penetration projections ar e provided in Rows 87-103.

The wood-to-gas household shifts were combined with an additional element from the 2013 Tag survey that found roughly 38% of wood users w ould still likely burn wood on extremely cold days (defined as days below -30°F) to produce a “discounted” shift to gas use estimate use on those cold days of 26.5% (36% × [1-38%]).

Cells DH195:FI230 within the Calcs sheet contain the emission benefit calculations for natural gas expansion based on these assu mptions. This section of the Calcs sheet contains two variants for natural gas expansion benefit calculations, one which evaluated natural gas benefits in conjunction with use of energy logs, the other wi thout inclusion of ener gy log effects. As

106 “IEP Natural Gas Conversion Analysis, Fa irbanks LNG Distribution System Demand Analysis,” prepared by Cardno Entrix for Alas ka Industry Development and Export Authority, January 2014.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1361 explained in Section 5.6 of the SIP, an ener gy log use program was evaluated by DEC but not included in the final SIP modeling due to curren t uncertainty regarding consumer demand for the logs, which just began being produced and sold in summer/fall of 2014. Thus, only the “Without Energy Logs” case is relevant.

Emission factors by device (lb/mmBTU) after ad justing for effects fr om other “upstream”

control measures are contains in Columns DH and DI. Column DL identifies those devices for which heating energy-equivalent shifts to natural gas were a ssumed (all wood and oil device types). Column DM contains calculated “Natural Gas Efficiency Factors” which are devicespecific multipliers that account for differences in net heating efficiency for each device relative to natural gas. (Oil devices were assumed to have the same 81% net heating efficiency as natural gas.) Columns DN through DQ contain calcul ations of “removed” devices, energy and emissions displaced by expanded natural gas use. Columns DR through DU contain calculations of devices (households in this case), energy and emissions added from expanded natural gas use. The energy removed and energy added totals ac ross all devices in cells DO224 and DS224 are not equal because they reflect fuel or “raw” energy use; the lower total for added energy

accounts for the fact that natura l gas heaters have a higher net heating efficiency that the composite average of other wood and oil devi ces being displaced. The amounts of energy displaced by device (Column DO) are calculated based on the incremental participation rate in expanded natural gas use, which in 2019 was es timated as 36.0% on “warm” days (above -30°F) and 26.5% on cold days (below -30°F) as expl ained earlier. The added energy from expanded natural gas use in Column DS is calculated using the Natural Gas Efficiency Factors. Once these displaced and added energy increments were calc ulated, the resulting emission reductions (for wood and oil devices) and increases for resident ial natural gas were eas ily calculated from the device specific emission factors in Columns DH and DI. Columns DV and DU then contain net emission reductions by device for PM 2.5 and SO 2 , respectively.

Columns DN through DY perform these calculati ons for days above the -30°F temperature threshold (and without energy logs). A similar se t of calculations for days below the temperature threshold are contained in Columns DZ through EK.

Using these data sources and assumptions, incremental PM 2.5 emission reductions from natural gas expansion across the non-atta inment area in 2019 were found to be 16.4% on cold (<-30°F) days and 18.4% on warmer ( ≥‐ 30°F) days relative to the 2019 projected base line. These

incremental reductions are those above that fr om preceding state and local measures after accounting for overlapping effects.



### S UMMARY	OF 

### C ALCULATED 

### E MISSION 

### B ENEFITS

Table 5.6-100 and Table 5.6-101 summarize the calc ulated emission benefits of each control

measure that were calculated as described a bove and applied within the 2015 and 2019 Control inventories, respectively. In each tabl e, space heating emissions of direct PM 2.5 and SO 2 (in tons/day, tpd) over the n on-attainment area are shown as a f unction of the projected baseline and the applicable control measures (and their penetration) for the given calendar year. Reductions for natural gas expansion are shown on both an average “Cold” (below -30°F) and “Warm” (above -30°F) episode day basis.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecaste d Control Measure Benefits

III.D.5.6-1362 Table 5.6-100 2015 Average Episodic Non-Attainment Area Space Heating Emissions (tons/day) and Relative Emission Reductions (%) by Control Measure

Quantity Projected

Baseline ARA OHH

Retrofits WSCO Program State

Standards State Dry

Wood Use Expand Natural Gas

Cold Warm
Space Heat Emissions, PM 2.5 (tpd) 2.834 2.830 2.440 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Space Heat Emissions, SO 2 (tpd) 4.303 4.303 4.318 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Relative Cumul. PM 2.5 Reductions (%) a n/a 0.2% 13.9% n/a n/a n/a n/a

Relative Cumul. SO 2 Reductions (%) a n/a 0.0% -0.3% n/a n/a n/a n/a

Relative Increm. PM 2.5 Reductions (%) b n/a 0.2% 13.7% n/a n/a n/a n/a

Relative Increm. SO 2 Reductions (%) b n/a 0.0% -0.3% n/a n/a n/a n/a

a Cumulative reductions relative to the 2015 projected baseline.

b Incremental (non-overlapping) reductions relative to the preceding measure. n/a – Not applicable.

Table 5.6-101 2019 Average Episodic Non-Attainment Area Space Heating Emissions (tons/day) and Relative Emission Reductions (%) by Control Measure

Quantity Projected

Baseline ARA OHH

Retrofits WSCO Program State

Standards State Dry

Wood Use Expand Natural Gas

Cold Warm
Space Heat Emissions, PM 2.5 (tpd) 2.937 2.933 2.184 2.140 2.056 1.740 1.548
Space Heat Emissions, SO 2 (tpd) 4.537 4.537 4.547 4.547 4.544 4.009 3.683

Relative Cumul. PM 2.5 Reductions (%) a n/a 0.2% 25.6% 27.2% 30.0% 40.8% 47.3%

Relative Cumul. SO 2 Reductions (%) a n/a 0.0% -0.2% -0.2% -0.1% 11.6% 18.8%

Relative Increm. PM 2.5 Reductions (%) b n/a 0.2% 25.4% 1.6% 2.8% 10.8% 17.3%

Relative Increm. SO 2 Reductions (%) b n/a 0.0% -0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 11.7% 18.9%

a Cumulative reductions relative to the 2019 projected baseline.

b Incremental (non-overlapping) reductions relative to the preceding measure. n/a – Not applicable.

Relative benefits from each applied measure are also presented in two ways: 1) cumulatively relative to the applicable projected baseline; a nd 2) incrementally relative to emissions after applying the effects of each preceding measure in the left-to-right orde r listed (and accounting for overlapping effects as descri bed earlier). Relative reductions shown in red (with negative signs) in each table repres ent emission increases.

The gray-shaded area of Table 5.6-100 reflects th e fact that measures in those columns were assumed to not yet apply in the 2015 Control inventory. Therefore no benefits for these

measures were modeled in 2015.

The SMOKERedns sheet in the ControlCalcs spreadsheet contains relati ve benefits by SCC code and pollutant that were applied to the SMOKE-rea dy projected baseline in ventory files and used to generate model-ready Control inventories. (Benefits for gaseous pollutants other than SO 2 generally scaled with PM 2.5 reductions except where noted earlier.)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1363 

### E MISSION 

### I NVENTORY 

### D ATA 

### F ILES

This final sub-section summarizes the key data fi les used to perform calculations and develop the SIP emission inventories. They include cal culation and summary spreadsheets, inventory modeling files (e.g., MOVES and NONROAD files) and files de veloped for input to the SMOKE inventory pre-processing model. These f iles are described separately by source sector and also include summaries of other supporti ng files used in the inventory workflow.



### S TATIONARY 

### P OINT 

### S OURCE 

### F ILES

Key point source data files consist of the following:

 Fac*.xlsx – Spreadsheets containing episodic activ ity data, emission unit data and stack data for each stationary point s ource facility. They include fuel and process descriptions

as well as calculations of emissions by day and hour for 2008 calendar days encompassing the two historical modeling episodes.

 Actual_vs_PTE.xlsx – Spreadsheet compilation of av erage Episode 1, Episode 2, 2008 Actual and PTE average daily emissions from each facility (used to generate facility emission comparison plots presente d earlier in this appendix).



### S TATIONARY 

### N ON 

### ‐P OINT 

### (A REA 

### ) S OURCE 

### F ILES

Key area source data files include the following:

 G3C_SpHtArea_ yyyy F Case _11Tag_Episodes.xlsm – A series of macro-driven spreadsheets used to calculate episodic da y and hour specific space heating emissions by grid cell, device type/SCC code and pollutant. In the filenames yyyy represents the calendar year and Case indicated identifies whether the file represents baseline (B) or projected baseline (PB) emissions. These sp readsheets apply the Home Heating Energy Model along with other space heating emission calculation elements described in earlier sections of this appendix to generate epis odic, gridded space heating emissions estimates that are outputted to external files by the sp readsheet macro and subsequently formatted for SMOKE and attainment modeling use.

 G3C_ARNR_ yyyy FPBase.xlsx – A series of spreadsheet files used to compile and output modeling emissions for both other stat ionary area (AR) s ources (i.e. excluding space heating sources) as well as non-road mobile sources (NR) by pollutant and SCC code, where yyyy represents the calendar year. These spreadsheets prepare CSV and fixed field-width data files for export of annual county-wide emi ssions and associated spatial and temporal surrogate data and profile files required by SMOKE.



### O N 

### ‐R OAD 

### M OBILE 

### S OURCE 

### F ILES

On-road mobile source data files include:EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1364  MOVES_Inputs_ModelRuns_2008Backcast _20130109.xlsx - Spreadsheet used to calculate the vehicle activity and populat ion inputs for MOVES2010a runs for all modeled calendar years.

 MOVES2010a_Importer_ yyyy .xls – MOVES importer input data spreadsheet used for driving the MOVES2010a r uns for the calendar year yyyy . This file contains vehicle activity and characteristics requi red for a MOVES2010a simulation.

 raterperdistance_smoke_2090_ yyyy _ozonepmfbks_ ep # .csv – MOVES rate-perdistance lookup table used in SMOKE for generating photochemical model ready onroad mobile running exhaust emissions data. Files are generated separately by year yyyy and episode number #

.

 raterpervehicle_smoke_2090_ yyyy _ozonepmfbks_ep # .csv – MOVES rate-per-vehicle lookup table used in SMOKE for generating photochemical model ready onroad mobile starting and idling exhaust emissions data. Files are generated separately by year yyyy and episode number #

.

 raterperprofile_smoke_2090_ yyyy _ozonepmfbks_ep # .csv – MOVES rate-per-profile lookup table used in SMOKE for generating photochemical model ready onroad mobile evaporative emissions data. Files are generated separately by year yyyy and episode

number #

.

 VPOP_MONTHS_ yyyy .csv – Monthly vehicle populati on data used in SMOKE emissions calculations for rate-per-vehicle on -road mobile sources for each calendar year

yyyy

.

 VMT_MONTHS_ yyyy .csv – Monthly vehicle VMT data used in SMOKE emissions calculations for rate-per-distance on-road mobile sources for each calendar year yyyy

.

 SPEED_MONTH.csv –Winter average vehicle speed data used in SMOKE emissions calculations for rate-per-dista nce on-road mobile sources.



### N ON 

### ‐R OAD 

### M OBILE 

### S OURCE 

### F ILES

Key non-road mobile source data files consist of the following:

 G3C_ARNR_ yyyy FPBase.xlsx – See description under “Sta tionary Non-Point Source

Files.”

 cty

_ yyyy _Ann.xlsx - Spreadsheets containing im ported NONROAD emissions modeling outputs by inventory calendar year ( yyyy ) and county ( cty ) where county names are Denali, FNSB, SEFairbanks and Yukon and re flect the four counties containing area within the attainment modeling domain. Thes e spreadsheets are used to reformat the

NONROAD emission data into a structure for use within SMOKE and to perform spatialEMISSIONS INVENTORY Emissi on Inventory Data Files

III.D.5.6-1365 and temporal adjustments that could not be handled directly within NONROAD (e.g., snowmobile activity inside and outside the Fairbanks non-attainment area).



### O THER 

### F ILES

Other key data files include of the following:

 HHBTU_Model_Adj.xlsx – A spreadsheet containing the validated BTU estimates by household, day and hour from the CCHRC Inst rumented study and calculations of the regression coefficients for the Home Heating Energy Model.

 FNSB_2011_Survey_Tabulations_2010HHWts.xlsx – Contains the raw and

cleaned/validated results from the 2011 Home Heating survey and tabulations of those results that were exported for use in pe rforming the episodic space heating emission inventory calculations.

 SpaceHeat_EF&ER_2013_WoodReplace_Calcs.xlsx – A spreadsheet containing compilations of certified heating device data by make and model from EPA’s Burnwise

database. These data include certified emission rate, minimum and maximum energy output, technology type and e fficiency. They were used to develop correlated translations of emission rates (g/h r) to emission factors (lb/mmBTU).

 ControlCalcs_FbksSIP_Final.xlsx – The spreadsheet discussed in detail in the preceding section of this appendix in which th e control measure benefits are calculated and exported for use in the 2015 and 2019 Control inventories.

In addition to the files specifica lly listed above, an electronic arch ive of modeling da ta files that are too numerous to list here was prepared for separate submittal/transmittal to EPA.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A



### Attachment A

Fairbanks Home Heating & Wood Household Survey ScriptsEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-1 

### Fairbanks 2011 Home Heating Survey
Final Script

Phone # ______________ Survey # _________ Interviewer Name _________________ Date ______________

(Location of Home)

Good evening, I am calling from Hays Research Group; we are conducting a brief survey on behalf of the Alaska Department of Envir onmental Conservation (ADEC) and the Fairbanks North Star Borough (BURR-oh) regarding home sp ace heating options. May I please speak to the person most knowledgeable about the heating devices in your home? (IF NOT AVAILABLE

– When would be the best time to reach hi m/her? Set a callback and get a name.)

Q1-Q8) Please tell me which of the following devices provide space heat for your home?

Q1) A wood burning device?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q2) A central Oil furnace?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q3) Portable Fuel Oil/Ke rosene heating device?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q4) Toyo (TOY-oh), Monitor or othe r direct vent type heater?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REFEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-2 Q5) Natural Gas Heat?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q6) Coal Heat

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q7) Municipal Heat?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q8) Other not listed? __________________

QQ) And can you please tell me how many squa re feet are in your home, not including any garage space?

1. _______________sq. ft.

2. DK/REF

(At least one of the questions between Q1-Q7 must = 1 yes, otherwise terminate)

(Ask Q1a if Q1=1, otherwise skip to Q9)

Q1a) Is your wood burning device a fireplace, a fireplace with insert, a wood burning stove or

outdoor wood boiler?

1-Fireplace 2-Fireplace with insert 3-Wood burning stove 4-Outdoor Wood Boiler (note could called hydronic heater by some)

5-DK/REFEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-3 Q9) (Q9 answers must total 100%) What percen tage of your heating is done by each of the following devices during the winter m onths, from October to March?

a. Wood Burning Device %

b. Central Oil furnace %

c. Portable Fuel Oil/Kerosene %
d. Direct Vent type %

e. Natural Gas Heat %

f. Coal Heat %
g. Municipal Heat %

h. Other %

We’ll now get into some usage details of each type of heating.

(Section 1: Wood burning stove/Fireplace insert)

(Ask Q10-Q12 if Q1a = 2) “Fireplace with inse rt” or 3) “Wood burning stove”, otherwise skip to Q13)

Q10a) Was your wood burning stove or inse rt installed before or after 1988?

1) Before 2) After 3) DK/REF

Q11a) How old is your wood burning stove or insert? Allow multiple responses

1) Less than 1 year 2) 1-5 3) 5-10 4) 10-15 5) 15+ years 6) DK/REF

Q11b) Is your wood stove or insert catalytic or non –catalytic?

1) catalytic 2) non-catalytic 3) DK/REF

Q12) Does your stove or insert burn pellets or cord wood? Allow multiple responses

1)Pellets 2)Cord Wood 3) DK/REFEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-4 (Ask Q13-Q14 if Q12=2 “Cord wood” , otherwise skip to Q15)

Q13) What best describes your use of wood heat during the winter months , October to March?

a. Day time only d. Weekend only g. Not currently using any device
b. Evening only e. Evening and Weekend only h. Don’t know (do not read)
c. Daytime and evening f. Occasiona l use i. Refused (do not read)

Q14) Where do you get the wood for your heating? Allow multiple responses 1. Buy wood 2. Cut your own

3. DK/REF

(Ask Q15-Q17a if Q14=2 “Cut your ow n”, otherwise skip to Q18)

Q15) When cutting wood do you get a permit?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q16) How many months do you seas on your wood before burning it?

1._______Months

2. DK/REF=9999

Q17) Do you know what the moisture content of your wood is, and if so, what is it?

1._______Percent

2. DK/REF=9999

(Ask Q18-Q19 if Q12 =2 “Cord wood”, otherwise skip to Q20)

18) In cords, how much wood do you burn in your wood burning st ove or insert annually? (If the respondent asks, one cord of wood is four feet wide, four feet high, and eight feet long stacked)

1. Wood in cords ______

2. DK/REF=9999

Q19) In cords, how much do you burn from October to March?

1. Wood in cords ______

2. DK/REF=9999EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-5 (Ask Q20-Q21 if Q12=1 “pellets ”, otherwise skip to Q22)

Q20) How many 40 lb bags of pellets do you burn in your wood burning stove or insert annually?

1. 40 lb bags of pellets ________

2. DK/refused=9999

Q21) How many bags do you burn fr om October to March?

1. 40 lb bags of pellets ________

2. DK/refused=9999

(Ask Q22 if q18 or q19= DK/REF, otherwise skip to Q23)

Q22) How much do you spend per year on wood?

1. $__________

2. DK/refused=9999

(Ask q23 if q20 or q21 = DK/REF, otherwise skip to Q24)

Q23) How much do you spend per year on pellets?

1. $__________

2. DK/refused=9999

Q23a) Is there a pellet source that you prefer?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

(Ask Q23b if Q23a=”Yes”, otherwise skip to Q24)

Q23b) Why do you prefer that source?

Specify ___________

(Section 2: Wood burning Fireplace)

(Ask Q24-Q25 if Q1a = 1 “Firepl ace”, otherwise sk ip to Q32)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-6 Q24) From this list, what be st describes your use of wood heat during the winter months, from

October to March?

a. Day time only d. Weekend only g. Not currently using any device
b. Evening only e. Evening and Weekend only h. Don’t know (do not read)
c. Daytime and evening f. Occasiona l use i. Refused (do not read)

Q25) Where do you get the wood for your heating? (Allow multiple responses)

1. Buy wood 2. Cut your own

3. DK/REF

(Ask Q26-Q31 if Q25=2, ot herwise skip to Q32)

Q26) When cutting wood do you get a permit?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q27) How many months do you seas on your wood before burning it?

1. Months ______

2. DK/refused=9999

Q28) Do you know what the moisture content of your wood is, and if so, what is it?

1. Percent ______

2. DK/refused=9999

Q29) In cords, how much wood do you burn in your fire place annually?

1. ________cords

2. DK/refused = 9999

Q30) How much do you burn from October to March?

1. ________cords

2. DK/REF=9999

Q31 How much do you spend per year on wood?

1. $__________

2. DK/REF=9999EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-7 (Section 3: Outdoor Wood Boiler)

(Ask Q32-Q33 if section if Q1a = 4 “outdoor wood boiler”, otherwis e skip to Q34)

Q32) What best describes your use of wood he at during the winter months, from October to

March?

a. Day time only d. Weekend only g. Not currently using any device
b. Evening only e. Evening and Weekend only h. Don’t know (do not read)
c. Daytime and evening f. Occasiona l use i. Refused (do not read)

Q33) Where do you get the wood for your he ating? (allow multiple responses)

1. Buy wood 2. Cut your own

3. Purchase Pellets

4. DK/REF

(Ask Q34-Q36 if Q33=2 “cut your own” , otherwise skip to Q37)

Q34) When cutting wood do you get a permit?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q35) How many months do you seas on your wood before burning it?

1. Months ______

2. DK/REF=9999

Q36) Do you know what the moisture content of your wood is, and if so, what is it?

1. Percent ______

2. DK/REF=9999

Q37) How much wood do you burn in your outdoor wood boiler annually?

1. ________cords 2. ________ pellets

3. DK/REF=9999

Q38) How much do you burn from October to March?

1. ________cords 2. ________ pelletsEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-8 3. REF=9999

(ask Q39 if Q33= 1 “Buy wood” , otherwise skip to Q40)

(ask Q38a if Q33= 3 “Purchase Pe llets”, otherwise skip to Q40)

Q38a) Is there a pellet source that you prefer?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

(Ask Q38b if Q38a=”Yes”, otherwise skip to Q40)

Q38b) Why do you prefer that source?

Specify ___________

Q39) How much do you spend per year on wood?

1. $__________

2. DK/REF=9999

Q40) What is the brand name of you r outdoor wood boiler? (open ended)

(Section 4: Central Oil)

(ask Q41-Q44 of Q2=1 “yes”, otherwise skip to Q45)

Q41) How large is your fuel oil tank, in gallons?

1. _______Gallons

2. DK/REF=9999

Q42) In gallons, how much oil do you use annually?

1. _______Gallons

2. DK/REF=9999

Q43) How many gallons do you use during th e winter months (October – March)?

1. _______Gallons

2. DK/REF=9999

Q44) How much do you spend pe r year on fuel oil?EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-9 1. $__________

2. 9999=No/DK/REF

(Section 5: Portable Fuel Oil/Kerosene Heating Device)

(Ask Q45-Q46 if Q3=1 “YES”, otherwise skip to Q47)

Q45) You mentioned using a Portable Fuel Oil or Kerosene Heating Devi ce, does the device use

Fuel Oil?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q46) Does the device use Kerosene?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

(If Q45 OR Q46 = 1 “yes”, read Q4 7-Q48, otherwise skip to Q49)

Q47) In gallons, how much oil/ kerosene do you use annually?

1. ________gallons

2. DK/REF=9999

Q48) How many gallons do you use during th e winter months (October – March)?

1. ________gallons

2. DK/REF=9999

Q49) How much do you spend per year on oil/kerosene? No/DK/REF=9999

1. $________

2. DK/REF=9999

(Section 5.1 For homes using Central Oil, and/or Portable Fuel Oil/Kerosene Heating Devices, and/or Other devices)

(Ask Q50 if Q2=1 “yes” or Q3=1 “yes” or Q7=1 “yes”, otherwise skip to Q51

Q50) From this list please tell me what best describes your use of fuel oil and kerosene burning devices during the winter months , from October to March?EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-10 a. Day time only d. Weekend only g. Not currently using any device
b. Evening only e. Evening and Weekend only h. Don’t know (do not read)
c. Daytime and evening f. Occasiona l use i. Refused (do not read)

Section 6: Toyo, Monitor, or other Direct Vent Type of Heater if uses fuel oil and direct vent fuel consumption question

(Ask this section if Q4=1 “yes ”, otherwise skip to Q55)

If Q2=1 and Q4=1 skip Q 51 & Q52

Q51) In gallons, how much oil do you use annually?

1. _______Gallons

2. 9999=DK/refused

Q52) How many gallons do you use during th e winter months (October – March)?

1. _______Gallons

2. 9999=DK/REF

Q53) How much do you spend per year on oil?

1. $________

2. 9999=DK/REF

Q54) What best describes your use of direct vent heating devi ce during the winter months, from October to May?

a. Day time only d. Weekend only g. Not currently using any device
b. Evening only e. Evening and Weekend only h. Don’t know (do not read)
c. Daytime and evening f. Occasiona l use i. Refused (do not read)

Section 7: Natural Gas Heating Device

(if Q5=1 “yes”, ask Q55-Q56, otherwise skip to Q57)

Q55) How much do you spend on natural gas annually?

1. $________

2. DK/REF=9999

Q56) How much do you spend during the wint er months, from October to March?

1. $________

2. DK/REF=9999EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-11 Section X: Coal Heating Device

(if q6=1 “yes”, ask Q57-Q60, otherwise skip to Q61)

Q57) How much coal do you use annually?

1.__tons 2.__bags

3. DK/refused

Q58) How much did you pay for the coal?

1.___$/bag 2.___$/ton

3. DK/refused

Q59) How much coal do you use duri ng the winter (Oct ober – March)?

1.__tons 2.__bags

3. DK/refused

Q60) Is your coal burned in an i ndoor stove or an outdoor boiler?

1. Indoor stove

2. Outdoor boiler

3. DK/refused

(Section F: Municipal Heat)

If Q7=1 “yes”, ask Q61-Q62, otherwise skip to Q63)

Q61) How much do you spend on municipal heat annually?

1. $________

DK/refused =9999

Q62) How much do you spend on municipal heat dur ing the winter months, October to March?

1. $________

DK/REF=9999EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-12 Future Section (to be completed for every survey)

Q63) Do you anticipate acquiring a new or different type of h eating device within the next 2 years?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/refused

(If Q63=1 “yes”, ask Q64, otherwise skip to

Q64) What type of device do you plan to acquire? READ LIST

a. Wood Stove d. Fuel Oil h. Don’t know (do not read)

b. Wood Pellet e. Kerosene i. Refused (do not read) c. Outdoor Wood Boiler f. Coal stove g. Outdoor coal boiler j Other (Specify)

(If Q64= a. ‘Wood stove”, ask Q64a , otherwise skip to Q65)

Q64a) Newer EPA certified stoves are more effi cient and require less chimney cleaning than older stoves. These benefits ultimately offset the purchase price, particularly if you hire chimney sweepers. How quickly would a new stove need to pay for itself in order for you to buy one?

1. 1 year 2. 2 years 3. 3 years 4. 4 years 5. 5 years or more

6. None

7. Don’t Know/Refused (do not read)

Q64b) Would you invest in a new more efficient stove if you were to r eceive a price incentive paid by either state or local gove rnment of $250? (like a rebate)

1. Yes

2. No >> ask 64c

if answer to 64 b is no then proceed to 64c: Q64c) What if the price incentive was $500?

1. Yes

2. No >> ask 64d

if answer to 64 c is no then proceed to 64 d:EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-13 Q64d) And if the price in centive were $750, would you invest in a new stove?

1. Yes

2. No >> ask 64e

if answer to 64 d is no th en proceed to 64 e: Q64e) What if the in centive were $1,000?

1. Yes

2. No >> ask 64f

if answer to 64e) is no then proceed to 64f)

Q64f How much of an incen tive would it take for you to invest in a new stove?

1. $1000 – 1200
2. $1201 – 1500
3. $1501 – 1750
4. $1751 – 2000
5. $2001 or more

6. DK/refused

(If Q1a=1 or Q12=2 ask Q65-Q 68, otherwise skip to Q69)

Q65) Did you burn more wood this winter to minimize the cost of heating oil?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q66) What fuel oil price would cause you to shift away from using wood for heating? (If respondent is unclear of question ask: If fuel oil pri ces decline, at what price will you shift to using more fuel oil to heat a nd decrease the use of wood?)

Specify:____________

Q67) Natural gas is currently priced at $2.34/hundred cubic feed which is equivalent to $3.04 of #2 Heating Oil. How much lower would natural gas need to be pr iced to cause you to shift away from fuel oil? (If respondent is unclear of the question, ask what the equivalent fu el oil price per gallon that would cause them to shift away from fuel oil?)

Specify:____________

(ASK Q68 ONLY IF ZIP=99709, ot herwise skip to Q69)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-14 Q68) Can you please tell me whet her you live inside of Chena Ridge (to the east of the ridge) or outside of Chena Ridge (to the west of the ridge).

1. Inside Chena Ridge 2. Outside Chena Ridge

3. DK/REF

(ASK Q69 ONLY IF ZIP=99712, ot herwise skip to Q70)

Q69) Can you please tell me if you live inside of Farmers Loop Road or outside of Farmers Loop Road?

1. Inside Farmers Loop Road 2. Outside Farmers Loop Road

3. DK/REF (ASK ALL)

Q70) Are you being impacted by wood smoke from your neighbors?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q71) Does the Borough have a winter time air quality problem?

1. Yes

2. No

3. DK/REF

Q72) How do you keep abreast of current issues is it (read list, allow mo re than one answer)

1. TV

2. Radio 3. Newspaper

4. Internet

5. Other

6. DK/refused

Thank you, that is all the questi ons I have this evening. If you have questions or comments about this survey, I can give you the contact in formation for Hays Research Group. Again, thank you for your time.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-15 

### 2013 Wood-Burning Household Tag Survey

Intro / Screener

Hello, this is ___________ calling from Hays Research Group, an Alaskan research firm. We are conducting a survey today on behalf of the State and The Fairbanks Northstar Borough to gather information about specific models of heat ing devices to help us better understand the air quality issues in the area. Y our number was selected at rando m, and all information collected will be kept confidential, your name address and phone number will not be included in any of the information given to the State or Borough. Ca n I speak to the person in the household who would be most knowledgeable about heating methods in your home?

Q1)Do you use any wood-burning heating devices in your house during winter?

(this could include wood stove s, fireplaces, hydronic heat ers, outdoor wood boilers and pellet stoves)

1. Yes (continue) 2. No or Don’t know / Refused (terminate “the survey today deals with wood heating devices, so you are ineligible to pa rticipate, thanks for your time”)

Q2)What type of wood device(s) do you us e? Read list (multiple answers OK)

1. Wood Stove

2. Pellet Stove

3. Insert 4. Fireplace 5. Hydronic heater (sometimes re ferred to as an outdoor wood boiler) 6. Other (specify) – removed 20913 7. (Don’t know/Refused) - terminate

[IF Q2=1. WOOD, ASK Q3-Q9]

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ WOOD STOVE SECTION

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------

Q3) I am going to ask you a few questions a bout your wood stove. Are you able to look at it to give me some specific information?

1. Yes

2. No (ask if there is a better time to call back)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-16 Q4)What year was the wood stove installed in your home? (date range between 1950-2013)

1. (open ended)

2. Don’t know=9998, Refused=9999 (ask Q4 again after Q9 if DK/REF)

Q5A-B) Do you know the make and model of your wood stove?

Q5A) Make

1. (open-end)

3. Don’t know / Refused (ask Q5 again after Q9 if DK/REF)

Q5B) Model 1. (open-end) 2. Don’t know / Refused (ask Q5 again after Q9 if DK/REF)

Q6) If you have a wood stove and it is EPA cer tified, it should have an EPA-certification

label on the back or side. Pleas e take a look at it as the next questions I will ask you are specific to the information written on the label. If the respondent refuses or is unable to see the label

- ask if you can set up a call back time to speak with someone who can or a time that is more convenient –

be sure to reread the list of information you w ill be calling back for.

If respondent refuses to set up a call back time - ask if you can send them a postcard to be returned by mail with the requested in formation. (GO TO Q22 IF Q2=1 or 3 only and Q6=3 (Refused-YES TO POSTCARD). IF Q2=1 AND Q6=3 (Refused-YES TO POST CARD) GO TO Q22. IF Q2=1 & 5 AND Q6=3 (Refused-YES TO POST CARD) GOT TO Q10)

1=Continue

2=Set callback 3= Refused (YES TO POSTCARD) 4=Refused (NOT TO POSTCARD) – terminate 5=Wood stove not EPA Certified (go to Q 22 if Q2=1 only, If Q2=1, 3 & 5, go to Q3I, then DQ10) 6=Label no longer available/Unreadable (( go to Q22 if Q2=1 only, If Q2=1, 3 & 5, go to Q3I, then DQ10)

Is it Catalyst Equipped or Non Catalytic?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t Know / Refused

Q7)What is the Smoke Rating (grams/hour)? – (range = 0.5 – 8 grams per hour)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-17 ______ (DK=98/REF=99)

Q8)What is the Efficiency (50% - 100%)?

1. Open ended (in percent)

2. Don’t know=998, Refused=999

Q9)What is the Heat Output range (Btu/Hr.)? (range = 1000-80,000 btu)

1. Open ended (defined as range in # Btu/Hr eg “7000-30000”)

2. Don’t know=99998, Refused=99999

[IF Q2=3. INSERT, ASK Q3I-Q9I]

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ INSERT SECTION

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------

Q3I) I am going to ask you a few questions about your Insert heating device. Are you able to look at it to give me so me specific information?

3. Yes

4. No (ask if there is a better time to call back)

Q4I)What year was the Insert heating device in stalled in your home? (d ate range between 1950- 2013)

4. (open ended)

5. Don’t know=9998, Refused=9999 (ask Q4 again after Q9 if DK/REF)

Q5AI-Q5BI) Do you know the make and m odel of your Insert heating device?

Q5AI) Make

1. (open-end)

6. Don’t know / Refused (ask Q5AI again after Q9I if DK/REF)

Q5BI) Model 1. (open-end) 2. Don’t know / Refused (ask Q5BI again after Q9I if DK/REF)

Q6I) If you have an Insert heating device and it is EPA certified, it should have an EPAcertification label on the back or side. Please take a look at it as the next questions I will ask you are specific to the information written on the label.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-18 If the respondent refuses or is unable to see the label

- ask if you can set up a call back time to speak with someone who can or a time that is more convenient –

be sure to reread the list of information you w ill be calling back for.

If respondent refuses to set up a call back time - ask if you can send them a postcard to be returned by mail with the requested in formation. (GO TO Q22 IF Q2=1 or 3 only and Q6=3 (Refused-YES TO POSTCARD). IF Q2=3 AND Q6I=3 (Refused-YES TO POSTCARD) GO TO Q22. IF Q2=3 & 5 AND Q6I=3 (Refused-YES TO POST CARD) GOT TO Q10)

1=Continue

2=Set callback 3= Refused (YES TO POSTCARD) 4=Refused (NOT TO POSTCARD) – terminate 5= Insert stove not EPA Certified (go to Q22 if Q2=3 only. If Q2=3 & 5, go to DQ10 before Q22) 6=Label no longer available/Unreadable ( go to Q22 if Q2=3 only. If Q2=3 & 5, go to DQ10 before Q22)

Is it Catalyst Equipped or Non Catalytic?

4. Yes

5. No

6. Don’t Know / Refused

Q7I)What is the Smoke Rating (grams/hour)? – (range = 0.5 – 8 grams per hour)

______ (DK=98/REF=99)

Q8I)What is the Efficiency (50% - 100%)?

3. Open ended (in percent)

4. Don’t know=998, Refused=999

Q9I)What is the Heat Output range (Btu/Hr.)? (range = 1000-80,000 btu)

3. Open ended (defined as range in # Btu/Hr eg “7000-30000”)

4. Don’t know=99998, Refused=99999EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-19 [IF Q2=5 Hydronic heater, ASK Q10-Q21]

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ HYDRONIC HEATER SECTION

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------

Q10) If you have a hydronic heater and it is “Pha se 1 or Phase 2 Qualifie d”, it will have a white

label. Please take a look at it as the next questions I will ask you are specific to the

information written on the label.

If the respondent refuses or is unable to see the label

- ask if you can set up a call back time to speak with someone who can or a time that is more convenient –

be sure to reread the list of information you w ill be calling back for.

If respondent refuses to set up a call back time - ask if you can send them a postcard to be returned by mail with the requested in formation. (GO TO Q22 IF Refused=Yes to Postcard, terminate if Q2=5 only and Q10=4 Refused-No to Postcard)

1=Continue

2=Set callback 3= Refused (YES TO POSTCARD) 4=Refused (NOT TO POSTCARD) – terminate 5= Hydronic heater not Phase 1/Phase 2 (go to Q22) 6= Label no longer available/ Unreadable (go to Q22)

What is the Smoke Emissions This Model number (0.xx lbs/million btu)?

(IF NEEDED, read: This will be shown as a triangle along the bottom of a line. The number we are looking for is the one that says “this model”) (range = 0 - 0.5 lbs / million btu)

1. Open ended (in lbs/million Btu)

2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99

Q11)If it is not too difficult, please pr ovide information on the following items:

Manufacturer (of the hydronic heater)

1. Open ended

2. Don’t know / Refused

Q12)Model Number (of the hydronic heater)

1. ENTER MODEL NUMBER

2. Don’t know / RefusedEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-20 Q13)8-Hour Heat Output Rating (Btu/Hr)

- (range = 1,000-400,000 btu/hr, answer will be in a range such as “10,000-40,000”

1. Open ended (in Btu/Hr)

2. Don’t know=999998, Refused=999999

Q14)8-Hour Average Efficiency (in %)

- We will set this as a numeric open-end with 0-100% range then we can code DK as 101

and REF as 102 or both with 101

1. Open ended (in %)

2. Don’t know=101, Refused=102

Q15) Is your hydronic heater tag orange or white ?

1. Orange with a white border

2. White with an orange border

3. Don’t know / Refused (skip to Q19)

Q16)(ask Q16 only if Q15 = 1. Orange)

What is the Average emissions in Grams per Hour? This is denoted as blank grams per hour average

- (range = 5-30 grams /hr)

1. Open ended (in GRAMS/HR)

2. Don’t know / Refused

Q17)(ask Q17 – Q18 only if Q15 = 2 White)

What are the average emissi ons in grams per hour? (range = 0-15 grams / hr)

1. Open ended (in GRAMS/HR)

2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99

Q18) What is the maximum test run emissions ? (IF NEEDED, read: This is denoted as blank grams per hour maximum test run).

- (range = 0-20 grams/hr)

1. Open ended (in GRAMS/HR)

2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99

Q19)The next number down should be blank lbs per million BTU heat input. Can you read me

that number?

- (range = 0-1 lbs/million btu)

1. Open ended (in LBS/MILLION BTU)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-21 2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99

Q20) The next number down should be blank lb s per million BTU heat output. Can you read

me that number?

- (range = 0-3 lbs/million btu)

1. Open ended (in LBS/MILLION BTU)

2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99

Q21) The last number on the bottom should r ead blank grams per hour per ten thousand BTU output. Can you read me that number?

- range = 0-2 grams / hr)

1. Open ended (in GRAMS/HR/10000BTU OUTPUT)

2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ ALL DEVICE SECTION

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------

ASK ALL Q22)What other heating devices do you use?

1. A central oil furnace

2. Portable fuel oil or kerosene heating device

3. Toyo (toy-oh), Monitor, or othe r direct vent type heater

4. Natural gas heat

5. Coal heat

6. Municipal heat

7. Other (specify)

8. Don’t Know / Refused

9. No other heating device (go to Q27)

ASK ALL Q23A-Q23B)Roughly how much of y our winter heating is done w ith wood versus other heating methods? For instance would you say you heat with 20% wood and 80% heating oil? (Should equal to 100%)

1. % Fuel oil

2. % Wood

3. DK=998

4. Refused=999

Q24) (For multi-device HHs) Do you always burn wood at colder temps as a secondary source

of heat?EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-22 1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t know / Refused

Q25) Ask only if Q24 = 1. Ye s, otherwise skip to Q27)

Is that because

1. You need the extra heat to keep all areas of the house warm

2. To save money?

3. Both?

4. Other specify

5. (Don’t know/Refused)

Q26)(ask only if Q25 = 1. Yes, otherwise skip to Q27) At what temperature do you have to start burning wood to k eep all of the areas of the

house warm?

1. Open ended (in degrees Fahrenhe it) = (range: -60 to 100 degress)

2. Don’t Know=998 / Refused=999

Q27)Have you participated in any of the following programs? (allow multiple responses)

1. Borough’s Wood Stove Change Out Program

2. AHFC Home Rebate

3. AHFC Weatherization

4. No

5. Don’t Know / Refused

(AHFC = Alaska Housing Finance Corporation)

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ ALL DEVICES, NEVER PARTICIPAT ED IN OTHER PR OGRAMS SECTION

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------

Q28) (ask only if Q27 = 4. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37)

If you did not participate in these progr ams, would you change out the wood burning device you currently operate to a cleaner de vice if the Borough reimbursed you 75% of the cost of installing a new replacement device?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t Know / Refused

Q29) (ask if Q28= 2. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-23 Would you change out the wood burning device you currently ope rate to a cleaner device if the Borough reimbursed you 80% of the cost of installing a new replacement device?

1=YES

2=NO 3= (Don’t know/Refused)

Q30) (ask if Q29= 2. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37)

Would you change out the wood burning device you currently ope rate to a cleaner device if the Borough reimbursed you 85% of the cost of installing a new replacement device?

1=YES

2=NO 3= (Don’t know/Refused)

Q31) (ask if Q30= 2. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37)

Would you change out the wood burning device you currently ope rate to a cleaner device if the Borough reimbursed you 90% of the cost of installing a new replacement device?

1=YES

2=NO 3= (Don’t know/Refused)

Q32) (ask if Q31= 2. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37)

Would you change out the wood burning device you currently ope rate to a cleaner device if the Borough reimbursed you 95% of the cost of installing a new replacement device?

1=YES

2=NO 3= (Don’t know/Refused)

Q33) (ask if Q32= 2. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37)

Would you change out the wood burning device you currently ope rate to a cleaner device if the Borough reimbursed you 100% of the co st of installing a new replacement device?

1=YES

2=NO 3= (Don’t know/Refused)

Q34) Do you cut your own firewood or buy it from someone else?

1= Cut your own (go to Q37) 2= Buy it from someone else

3= Both

4= Don’t Know / RefusedEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-24 Q35A-Q35B) Ask if Q34 = 3. Both, otherwise skip to Q36)

How much of your wood do you buy versus cu tting. For instance would you say you cut 75% and buy 25%?

1 = open ended (answer in terms of % cut / % bought)

2 = Don’t know=998 / Refused=999

Q36) (ask only if Q34 = 2. Buy it from someone else, or 3. Both)

Where do you buy your firewood? Be as specific as possible as in the name of the person or company if possible.

1 = Open ended

2 = Don’t Know / Refused

Q36A) What price, per cord, did you pay for wood this winter? (in $/cord of wood)

(Open ended) (99998=Don’t know/99999=Refused)

Q36B) Does that price incl ude the cost of delivery?

Yes

No

Don’t know / Refused

[ASK Q37 ONLY IF Q2=1, 3-5]

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ ALL DEVICES, CORDWOOD SECTION

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------

Q37) What types/species of wood do you burn? What’s the share of each type? (read list) (IF 1 type of wood only/Other type of wood – do not ask follow up question but auto code it as 100%) Birch (x%) Spruce (y%) Alder (z%) Other type of wood (a%)

Q38A) (Ask Q38A only if Q2 = 1 “wood stove”, 3. “insert” , 4 . “Fireplace” or 5. “Hydronic Heater/ Outdoor wood boiler”, otherwise skip to Q38B)

In cords, how much wood do you burn from October to March?EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-25 1. ________cords

2. DK=9998/Refused = 9999

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------ ALL DEVICES, PELLETS SECTION

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------

Q38B) (Ask Q38B only if Q2 = 2 “pellet stove”, othe rwise skip to Q38C)For Pellet Stoves:

Q38) How many 40 lb bags of pellets do you burn in your wood burning stove or

insert from October to March?

1. 40 lb bags of pellets ________

2. DK=9998/refused=9999

Q38C) How long do you season your wood, if at all? (range: 0 to 120 months)

(open ended) (record answer in number of mont hs) code Don’t know as 998 and Refused as 999

Q39) Knowing that dry wood provides 25 per cent more heat than wet wood, would you pay $25 more per cord for dry wood?

1 = Yes

2 = No

3 = Don’t Know / Refused

Q40) (ask if Q39 = 1. Yes, otherwise skip to Q43)

Would you pay 50 dollars more per cord for dry wood?

1 = Yes

2 = No

3 = Don’t Know / Refused

Q41) (ask if Q40 = 1. Yes. Otherwise skip to Q43)

Would you pay 75 dollars more per cord for dry wood?

1 = Yes

2 = No

3 = Don’t Know / Refused

Q42) (ask if Q41 = 1. Yes. Otherwise skip to Q43)

Would you pay 100 dollars more per cord for dry wood?EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-26 1 = Yes

2 = No

3 = Don’t Know / Refused

Q43) On a scale of zero to a hundred w ith zero being wide ope n and a hundred being completely shut, where do you typically set th e air damper on your wood stove or insert? (0-100% for min/max)?

Open ended (%)

Don’t know=101 / Refused=102

Q44) Is there a difference between your nighttime and daytime setting?

1 = Yes

2 = No

3 = Don’t Know / Refused

Q45) (Ask if Q44 = 1. Yes, otherwise skip to Q 47)

On a scale of zero to a hundred with zero being wide open and a hundred being completely shut, where do you set your air damper at night?

1. Open ended (%)

2. Don’t know / Refused

Q46) (Ask if Q44 = 1. Yes, otherwise skip to Q 47)

On a scale of zero to a hundred with zero being wide open and a hundred being completely shut, where do you set yo ur air damper during the daytime?

3. Open ended (%)

4. Don’t know / Refused

Q47) If natural gas becomes available in Fair banks, What natural gas price would get you to stop burning wood? This is a little bit difficu lt, but if you could, please phrase it in terms of dollars per gallon of heating fuel. For example you could say I would stop burning wood if natural gas cost the e quivalent of four dollars a ga llon of heating oil, or three dollars a gallon, etc.

1. Open ended (in $/GALLON) (range: 0-20 dollars)

2. Don’t know / RefusedEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-27 Q48) If natural gas were available in Fairba nks, would you still need to burn wood at lower temperatures to keep your house warm regardless of how gas is priced?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t know / Refused

IF RESPONDENT AGREED TO BE SENT A POSTCARD IN Q6, Q6I OR Q10, ASK the following information before terminating the call:

Name to send the Postcard to (full name)

Full Address

(END) Those are all the questions I have today. Tha nk you for your time and participation. Have a good day/evening.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-28 

### 2013 Fairbanks Wood Purchasing Survey Questionnaire

Hello, this is ___________ calling from Hays Research Group, an Alaskan research firm. We are conducting a survey today on behalf of the State and The Fairbanks Northstar Borough to gather information about house heat ing devices to help us better understand the air quality issues

in the area. Your number was selected at ra ndom, and all information collected will be kept confidential, your name address and phone number will not be included in any of the information given to the State or Borough. Can I speak to the person in the household who would be most knowledgeable about heating methods in your home?

Q1)Do you use any wood-burning heating de vices in your house during the winter?

1. Yes (continue) 2. No (end call)

Q2)What type of wood device(s) do you use? Read list (allow multiple responses)

1. Stove

2. Insert 3. Fireplace 4. Hydronic heater (also known as an outdoor wood boiler) 5. Other (specify)

6. Don’t know / Refused

Q3)Do you cut your own firewood, or buy it?

1. Cut

2. Buy

3. Both

4. Don’t Know / Refused

Q4) (ask only if Q3 = both) How much of your wood do you buy versus cutting. For instance would you say you cut 75% and buy 25%?

1. open ended (answer in terms of % cut / % bought)

2. Don’t know / Refused

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- ------------- PURCHASED WOOD (WOOD BUYERS) SECTION

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- --------------

Q5) (ask only if Q3 = 2. Buy, or 3. Both, othe rwise skip to Q14) Regarding the firewood you purchase, do you have the wood de livered or do you pick it up?EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-29 1. Delivered 2. Pick It Up

3. Both

4. Don’t know / Refused

Q6)Do you have a consistent firewood supplier?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t know / refused

Q7) (ask Q7 only if Q6 = 1. Yes, otherwise skip to Q09) How many years have you bought

wood from them?

1. 1 year

2. 2 years

3. 3 years

4. 4 years

5. 5 years

6. 6 years

7. 7 years

8. 8 years

9. 9 years

10. 10 or more years

11. Don’t know / Refused

Q8)What do you like most about the supplier? (multiple responses OK)

1. Price 2. Reliability 3. Honesty 4. Wood is split 5. Wood is dry 6. Delivery (when and where you want it dumped) 7. Other (please specify)

8. Don’t know / Refused

Q9) (ask Q9 only if Q6 = 2. No, or 3, Don’t know / Refused, otherwise skip to Q10) How do you choose a firewood supplier?

1. Advertisement (e.g., newspaper, Craigslist, etc.)

2. Word of mouth

3. Review old supplier info

4. Other (describe)

5. Don’t know / RefusedEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-30 Q10)Is the wood you buy alrea dy split or in the round?

1. Split

2. In the round

3. Both

4. Don’t know / Refused

Q11)(ask Q11 only if Q10 = 2. In the round, or 3. Both, otherwise skip to Q12)

If the wood is in the round, when do you split it? (READ OPTIONS)

1. As needed 2. Upon delivery

3. Don’t know / Refused

Q12)Do you know where your supplie rs are getting their wood from?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t know / Refused

Q13)Where do they ge t their wood from?

(OPEN ENDED)

Q14) Are you aware of firewood theft?

1. Yes (from newspaper and news articles) 2. Yes (from personal experience)

3. No

4. Don’t know / Refused

Q15) Do you ask suppliers what the moisture cont ent of the firewood is that they are selling?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t know / Refused

Q16)Do the suppliers tell you the moisture content of the firewood they are selling?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t know / RefusedEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-31 Q17)(ask Q17, only if Q16 = yes, otherwise skip to Q18)

Are they truthful about the moisture content when they tell you? Is it as dry as they say it

is?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t Know / Refused

Q18)(Ask Q18 only if Q5 = 1. Yes, or 3. Both, ot herwise skip to Q19)What is the delivery fee you pay for your wood? This is not the pric e of the wood, but only the delivery charge.

1. $__

2. Don’t Know / Refused

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- -------------- CUT WOOD (WOOD BUYERS) SECTION

------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ------------------ ----------------- --------------- --------------

Q19) (ask Q19 only if Q3 = 1. Cut, or 3. Both, ot herwise skip to Q20) With regard to the wood that you cut, where do you cut it (rea d list) (accept multiple answers)

1. State Lands 2. Military Bases

3. Railroad Land 4. Personal Property 5. Other (Please specify)

6. Don’t Know / Refused

Q20)How long do you season your wood, if at all?

(open ended) (record answer in number of months)

Q21) (ask Q21 only if Q3 = 2. Buy or 3. Both, otherwise survey is complete)

What price did you pay for your wood th is winter per cord? ($/cord)?

Q22) Knowing that dry wood provides 25 per cent more heat than wet wood, would you pay $25 more per cord for dry wood?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t Know / Refused

Q23)(Ask Q23 if Q22 = 1. Yes, otherwise survey is complete)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A

Attachment A-32 Would you pay 50 dollars more per cord for dry wood?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t Know / Refused

Q24)(Ask Q24 if Q23 = 1. Yes, otherwise survey is complete)

Would you pay 75 dollars more per cord for dry wood?

1. Yes

2. No

3. Don’t Know / Refused

Q25)(Ask Q25 if Q24 = 1. Yes, otherwise survey is complete)

Would you pay 100 dollars more per cord for dry wood?

4. Yes

5. No

6. Don’t Know / Refused

(END OF SURVEY)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.



### Attachment B

FMATS Regional Travel Demand Modeling DocumentationC-1 MEMORANDUM

TO: FMATS

FROM: MING S. LEE

SUBJECT: FMATS TRAVEL DEMAD MODEL BASELINE CALIBRATION

REPORT FOR CENSUS 2010 UPDATE

DATE: 6/30/2011

CC:

Attached with this memo is the calibrati on report for the FMATS model update with

2010 Census data. Please let me know if you have any questions , comments and suggestions for the model work. I appreciate the opportunity of working on the model for FMATS.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-1 

## The Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation System (FMATS) Travel Demand Forecasting Model Update with Cens us 2010 Data

2010 Base Model Calibration Report

June 30, 2011

Prepared by

Ming S. Lee, Ph.D.

for

The Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation SystemsEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-2 Introduction

This report documents the calib ration of the 2010 baseline mode l for the Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation System (FMATS) Travel De mand Forecasting (TDF) model. The model is updated with 2010 Census data and the most recent employment data for the model area. This updated 2010 baseline model is cal ibrated to traffic volume data from the 2009 (i.e., the most recent ) traffic volume report of the Northern Regi on of Alaska Department of Transportation. In addition, the truck traffic component of the model is also calibrate d with additional truck traffic data that are available with 2009 volume report.

Materials presented in this calibration report highlight the technical details and calibration results of the newly calibrated model.

Passenger Traffic Model Structure Overview

The conventional 4-step TDF model predicts and forecasts passenger vehicle traffic (i.e., passenger vehicles used for commuting to work, shoppi ng, and other personal and household-related matters). Heavy vehicles that are used for comm ercial purposes are typically modeled separately.

A passenger TDF model divides the modeling area into Traffic Anal ysis Zones (TAZ), and each TAZ has household and employment data identifie d for the purpose of tr ip generation. This household and employment data are used by the mode l to predict trip productions and attractions for each individual zone. For modeling purposes , the TAZs are connected by a computerized planning network that is defined by links and nodes, representing the actual roads and intersections in the area. Each roadway link is defined by spec ific data that generally include roadway length, travel speed, number of lanes, roadway capacity.

The updated FMATS TDF model continues to use the traditional four-step modeling process. These steps are technically described in the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Transportation Planning Handbook, 2nd ed ition (page 188). In more general terms these steps are

as follows:

1. Trip Generation – This step predicts the numbe r of person trip ends that are generated by and attracted to each defined zone in a study ar ea. This results in a table of Productions &

Attractions for each zone.

2. Trip Distribution – This step connects trip e nds estimated in the Trip Generation process to determine number of trip interchanges betw een each zonal pair. This results in a Trip Table matrix that quantifies the number of trip s that will travel between one zone and all

other zones.

3. Mode Choice – This step allows the model to consider different tr avel modes (vehicles, transit, bicycle, pedestrian, etc) used fo r each zonal interchange. For many large urban areas, transit is an important factor; howeve r for Fairbanks, transit and other modes make up a very small percentage of the total da ily trips. The FMATS model only considers vehicle trips, and the mode choice step is skipped.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-3 4. Trip Assignment – This step assigns zone-to-zo ne trips to specific travel routes, generally

based on factors such as the fastest total travel time. Typically, before assignment, all the

24 hour vehicle travel demands will be distribut ed to different time periods (e.g., AM peak, PM peak, and off-peak) during the day. The sum of all trips for each link during a particular time period is then calculated as the estimated traffic volume on that link. The model is able to adjust travel speeds and add delays on roadway facilities that are more heavily used. If necessary, the model reassigns trips to less congested trav el routes, in an effort to simulate every day travel choices th at drivers make in the real world.

Model Coverage Area

The current FMATS TDF model covers FMATS' PM 2.5 non-attainment area (i .e., the dash line in Figure 1). The green boundary lines in Figure 1 are the TAZ boundaries that were designed to

cover the entire PM 2.5 non-attainment boundary. The road networ k (i.e., the blue li nes) also covers

the entire PM 2.5 .5 non-attainment area.

Figure 1. The Expanded FMATS Model Area

TAZ Data Update

The updated FMATS model maintains the same 179 TAZs used in the model for FMATS 2035 LRTP conformity analysis conduc ted in 2010. Two major pieces of TAZ information critical to trip generation modeling are the number of house holds and the number of employment in each TAZ. Both household and employ ment numbers in the TAZs are updated with the most recent

data.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-4 Household data are updated with 2010 Census Redi stricting data for the State of Alaska that

became available in March 2011. The Redistrictin g data were first downloaded from the US

Census web site. Census Block level data pertaining to the Fair banks North Star Borough (FNSB)

were then extracted. Note that the Census Rest ricting data released in March 2011 only contain the numbers of housing units (i.e., both occupied and vacant) in each Census Block. Other household data (e.g., number of cars and number of persons in each houshold) in each Census Block had not been released by the time this model calibration was completed.

The FMATS TAZs were then superimposed on top of the Census Blocks (see Figure 2). A total of 33,873 occupied housing units was identified in the areas covered by th e FMATS model TAZs. For each TAZ, the total number of occupied hous ing units within the TAZ is identified by adding together all the occupied houses of all Census Bl ocks within the TAZ. Note that vacant housing units were not counted for each TAZ, because wit hout occupants there would be no trips generated.

Figure 2 FMATS TAZ on top of 2010 Census Blocks

The employment data for TAZs are derived from the most recent InfoUSA business data purchased

for FNSB and the cities of Fairba nks and North Pole. The business data include all businesses in the area. The InfoUSA data identify the types, th e locations, and the numbers of employees of the

businesses. The data are used to calculate the number of employees by types (i .e., retail, service, and other) in each TAZ. By the time the data were purchased in April 2011, the database was properly updated and encompasses all the empl oyments that existed by the end of 2010.

The identified businesses were geo-coded. For each TAZ, the total number of employment within the TAZ is identified by adding together all the em ployment of all businesse s within the TAZ. A total of 47,191 occupied housing un its was identified in the area s covered by the FMATS model TAZs. Of all employments, there are 7,662 reta il employments, 17,884 service employments, and 21,645 other employments that are not retail or service.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-5 Figure 3 Business Locations in the FMATS Area

Special Generators Employment Data

UAF, Fort Wainright, Fairbanks Airport, and the Fairbanks Memorial Hospital are the ‘special generators’ in the updated model. Th ese four establishments generate significant amount of traffic and estimation of the number of trips coming in and out of the establishment requires special

attention to ensure the reasonablen ess of the model. For the four special generators, the numbers of employment are taken from the Fairbanks North Star Borough Community Research Quarterly, Spring 2008 . These numbers are used because they are accurately compiled with local knowledge.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-6 Trip Generation Update

Trip Production

After the preparation of the household and empl oyment data for each TAZ, trip production and

attraction is calculated for all TAZs and external stations. The methodology for trip production and attraction calculation is the same as the previous model.

For trip generation, the updated model follows the NCHRP report 365: Travel Estimation Techniques for Urban Planning. Th e basic trip production and attrac tion equations and rates from the report 365 are used. Trip production rates in Tabl e 1 are used to calculate the number of person trip produced by a household with a particular nu mber of persons and ve hicle ownership in the

household.

It is important to note that only the total numbe r of households (i.e., occupied housing units) are

available from the first release of the 2010 Census Redistricting data for Alaska. In order estimate the number of households with particular number of cars and persons, it was assumed that within each TAZ the proportions of households by auto ownership groups and household size groups remain the same as the previous model update. The 2010 total number of households for each TAZ is then multiplied with the proportions to arrive at the number of households by auto ownership and household size groups.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-7 Table1: Trip Production Rates.

The

calculated person trips are then divided into 3 trip purposes with the following proportions:

 Home-Based Work (HBW): 20%

 Home-Based Non-work (HBNW): 57%

 Non Home-Based (NHB): 23%

The numbers of trips by the th ree purposes calculated for all the households within a TAZ will then be aggregated as the numbers of trip production of the TAZ.

Trip Attraction

For trip attraction estimation, th e employment data prepared fo r each TAZ are applied with the trip attraction rates in Table 2 to determine the number of person trip attr action by trip purposes.

Table2: Trip Attraction Rates.

Attraction Rates

(Person Trips) HBW HBNW NHB

Total Employment 1.45 0 0 Retail Employment 0 9.0 4.1 Service Employment 0 1.7 1.2 Other Employment 0 0.5 0.5

Total Households 0 0.9 0.5

The numbers of trips attraction by the three purpos es calculated for all the businesses within a TAZ are then aggregated as the numbe rs of trip attract ion of the TAZ.

External Station Production and Attraction

The locations of the external stations of the model are shown in Table 3.

The method for estimating the production and attracti on for the 7 external st ations used in the previous models are retained. That is, a certain percentage of the traffic counts at a external

station is subtracted to be the external-external trips (i.e., trip s that go through the modeling area without stopping). Table 3 show s the traffic counts used for the external stations and the percentages of traffic counts used for the external-to-external trips. The traffic counts are Production Rates (person trips/househ old) Number of persons in the household

1 2 3 4 5+

Number of vehicles in the household 0 2.6 4.8 7.4 9.2 11.2

1 4.0 6.7 9.2 11.5 13.7

2 4.0 8.1 10.6 13.3 16.7

3+ 4.0 8.4 11.9 15.1 18.0EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-8 obtained from the Northern Region of the Alas ka Department of Transportation and Public

Facilities.

Table 3 Year 2007 External Station Traffic Counts

External

Station

Number External Station Traffic

Count (vehicles) % External – External (E-E) E-E trips

1 SHEEP CREEK ROAD AT

GOLDSTREAM CREEK BRIDGE 2602 1.00% 26

2 BALLAINE ROAD SOUTH OF

GOLDSTREAM ROAD 4411 1.00% 44

3 CHENA HOT SPRINGS ROAD WEST OF

NORDALE ROAD 2209 1.00% 22

4 OLD STEESE HIGHWAY SOUTH OF

STEESE EXPRESSWAY 2922 1.00% 146

5 STEESE EXPRESSWAY NORTH OF GOLDSTREAM RD (SHRP SITE) 10819 1.00% 541

6 RICHARDSON HIGHWAY AT MOOSE

CREEK 2600 5.00% 26

7 PARKS HIGHWAY AT ESTER 2365 5.00% 24

The remaining traffic counts are then covered to external-to-intern al trip production and attraction of the three purposes using the following conversio ns factors taken from NCHRP report 365:

 HBW: 20%

 HBNW: 57%

 NHB: 23%.

 1.11 persons per vehicle for HBW

 1.67 persons per vehicle for HBNW

 1.66 persons per vehicle for NHB.

External to External Vehicle Trips

The external station traffic counts subtracted for external-to-external trips are transformed to a external-to-external vehicle trip table using th e Fratar method, which is a technique to fill the cells of a trip table for which we have targets for the row sums and column sums (i.e., the

number of external-to-external tr ips at each external station).

Table 4 shows the completed external -to-external vehicle trip table. This table is further divided into three time periods, AM peak for 7 to 9 am, PM peak for 3 to 6 pm, and off-peak for all remaining hours, using factors for percent of HBW vehicle trips (i.e., extern al to external trips are mostly work related) by hour by trip purpose found in NCHRP report 365.

Table 4 External to External Vehicle Trip Table Produced with the Fratar MethodEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Estimated Row sums Target

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 1 4 7 4 6 22 22

3 0 1 0 1 9 1 1 13 13

4 0 4 1 0 6 5 0 16 16

5 0 7 9 7 0 2 3 28 28

6 0 4 0 5 2 0 0 11 11

7 0 6 1 0 3 0 0 10 10

Estimated Column Sums 0 22 12 17 27 12 10

Target (E-E trips at a station_) 0 22 12 17 27 12 10

Each of the three period external-to-external vehicle trip tables will be added to the corresponding time-of-day vehicle trip table after the time-of-day modeling.

Production and Attraction Adjustment

The estimated production and attraction of all the TA Zs are then used to carry out rest of the modeling steps. Results after tr ip distribution and traffic assignm ent suggested that adjustments need to be made to the origin al NCHRP production and attracti on rates in order for the model outputs to match observed data. De tails of the production and attr action adjustment are described in Trip Distribution Update and Traffic Assignment Update.

Trip Distribution Update

The expanded FMATS TDF model adopts the Gr avity Model with Friction Factors for trip

distribution. The model structure and un-calibrate d friction factor values are again taken from NCHRP report 365. The advantage of the method is th at it allows for the number of trips between TAZs to be calibrated by different travel time length, thus allowing for better matching with the observed commuting time data from Amer ican Community Survey (ACS) data.

The ACS is also conducted by the U.S. Census Bu reau. This survey uses a series of monthly samples to produce annually updated data for the same small areas (census tracts and block groups) as the decennial census long-form sample formerly surveyed. Initially, five years of samples are required to produce these small-area data. Once the Ce nsus Bureau has collected five years of data, new small-area data are produced annually.

For travel demand forecasting purposes, ACS offers data on commuters by travel time to work. Based on the recent ACS data, 39,164 workers commuted to jobs in FNSB, taking on average 17.3 minutes each way.

Detailed breakdown of the travel time to work da ta by 5 minute increments is shown in Table 5.

Table 5 ACS Percent of Commuters by Travel Time to WorkEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-10 Commuting Time Number of commuters Percent

of

Total Less than 5 mins. 1,817 4.6% 5 to 9 mins. 5,586 14.3% 10 to 14 mins. 8,242 21.0% 15 to 19 mins. 9,417 24.0% 20 to 24 mins. 6,947 17.7% 25 to 29 mins. 1,146 2.9% 30 to 34 mins. 2,659 6.8%

35 to 39 mins. 386 1.0% 40 to 44 mins. 1,078 2.8%

More than 45 mins. 1886 4.8%

Total number of commuters (to work) 39,164 100.0%

The calibration of the gravity m odel began with a set of initia l friction factors found in NCHRP Report 365. The calibrated gravity model produces a set of friction factors and trip distribution results that are comparable to the ACS data. Fo r HBW trips (i.e., commuting to work), the average model trip length is approximately 16 minutes, which is 1 minute shorter than the ACS value. The

reason for the difference is due to the fact that the model uses external stations to represent travel origins and destinations for trips in and out of the FMATS area. In reality, some commuters reported to the ACS travel time for up to 90 minut es, which is beyond the longe st travel time within the model boundary. Despite the small differenc e in average commuting time, the model produces a breakdown of percent of trips by travel time (Table 6) that closely resemble the ACS data. Figure 4 and 5 show the histograms of the ACS and FMAT S model percentages of trips by travel time. The figures show that, other than trips in larg e travel time increments (45 minutes and beyond), the updated gravity model matches the frequency patterns of the ACS.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-11 Table 6 Updated FMATS Percent of HB W Trips by Travel Time Increments

Travel Time for HBW Trips ACS Percentages Model Number of Person Trips Model Percentages Difference between

Model and ACS

Less than 5 mins. 4.6% 2767 6% 1.1%

5 to 9 mins. 14.3% 5984 13% -1.8%

10 to 14 mins. 21.0% 10665 22% 1.2%

15 to 19 mins. 24.0% 15782 33% 8.9%

20 to 24 mins. 17.7% 8133 17% -0.7%

25 to 29 mins. 2.9% 1684 4% 0.6%

30 to 34 mins. 6.8% 2264 5% -2.1%

35 to 39 mins. 1.0% 263 1% -0.4%

40 to 44 mins. 2.8% 229 0% -2.3%

More than 45 mins. 4.8% 77 0% -4.7%

Total 100.0% 47848 100% RMSE = 3.4%

Figure 4 ACS Percent Commuter by Travel Time to Work 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-12 Figure 5 Model HBW Trip Length Frequency Distribution

During the trip distribution cal ibration, the original HBW produc tion number derived with the NCHRP trip rates is found to be la rger than 39,164, the tota l number of commuter trips. The first adjustment made to the TAZ production and attr action is to factor down the HBW production and

attraction such that the total number of HBW production and attraction each equals 39,164.

Time-of-Day Modeling

The time-of-day model adopted for the FMATS TDF model ‘spreads’ the 24 hour person trips (i.e., product of trip distribution) to person trip in different time periods (i.e., AM peak for 7 to 9 am, PM peak for 3 to 6 pm, and off-peak for al l remaining hours). The pe rson trips of different time periods are then applied with vehicle occupa ncy factors to arrive at AM, PM, and off-peak vehicle trip tables, each a required inpu t to the traffic assignment process.

The factors used to spread the trips to different time of the day are initially derived from the NCHRP report. The factors are then calibrate d to local conditions based on observed traffic patterns (i.e., many HBW trips in the FNSB area st arts as early as 6 am) and a trial and error process that involving numerous ca libration runs to match the mode l link volumes to traffic counts of different time periods. The calibrated ti me-of-day factors are shown in Table 7. 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-13 Table 7 Calibrated Time of Day Factors

HOUR HBW Departure Percentage HBW Return Percentage HBNW Departure Percentage HBNW Return Percentage NHB Departure Percentage NHB Return Percentage

0 0 0.4 0 0.5 0.15 0.15

1 0 0.2 0 0.4 0.1 0.1

2 0 0.3 0 0.5 0.1 0.1

3 0.3 0.3 0 0.3 0.05 0.05

4 1 0.1 0.1 0 0.05 0.05

5 3 0.1 0.2 0 0.05 0.05

6 5 0.2 1 0.2 0.2 0.2

7 7 0.6 1.5 0.4 0.55 0.55

8 8 0.4 2.5 0.8 0.8 0.8

9 5 0.3 5 0.9 3 2

10 4 0.5 6 1.5 4 3

11 3 1 5 3.4 4.9 4

12 3 2 5 3.8 5.5 5.8

13 2 2 4 4 5 7.5

14 1 3 3.8 4.5 4.5 7

15 1 6 4 4.8 4 4

16 1 8 3 3.5 3.5 3

17 2 9 2 3 3 2

18 1 5.8 2 3.7 3.25 3

19 1 3 2.1 3.6 2.65 2

20 0.6 2 1.5 3.5 1.85 1.85

21 0.5 1.8 0.9 3.3 1.45 1.45

22 0.3 1.5 0.3 1.9 0.75 0.75

23 0.3 1.5 0.1 1.5 0.6 0.6

Total 50 50 50 50 50 50

Person Trips to Vehicle Trips

The same vehicle occupancy factors taken from the NCHRP report to conve rt external station production and attraction are again used here:

 1.11 persons per vehicle for HBW

 1.67 persons per vehicle for HBNW

 1.66 persons per vehicle for NHB.

These factors are applied to the person trips of di fferent time periods. Three vehicle trip tables are derived after the person trip to ve hicle trip conversion: AM peak for 7 to 9 am, PM peak for 3 to 5 pm, and off-peak for the remaining hours.

Finally, each of these vehicle trip tables will be added with the ex ternal-to-external vehicle trip table of the same period to form complete pe riod vehicle trip table for traffic assignment.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-14 Traffic Assignment Update

For AM and PM peak hours, the updated FMATS model uses User Equilibrium (UE) assignment

method that takes into considera tion of roadway capacity and the e ffects of congestion on drivers’ route choices. For off-peak hours, incrementa l assignment method that is less sensitive to congestion is used, since congest ion during the off-peak hours is less likely to occur.

Truck Traffic Modeling

To model truck traffic on the roads in the modeling area, truck percentage da ta (i.e., the percentage

of truck traffic of total vehicl e traffic) are taken from the 2009 traffic volume re port published by the Northern Region of AK DOT & PF, which classifies motor vehicles into 13 classes (see Table 8). Classes 1 to 3 are considered passenger vehicles. The truck pe rcentage data include classes 4

to 13.

Table 8 Northern Region AK DO T & PF Vehicle ClassificationEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-15 It is noted that the 2009 volume report from AK DOT includes more roads with truck fractions than previous annual volume report. Figure 6 show s the locations of the roads with truck traffic percentage data.

Figure 6 Truck Percentage Data

Because the number of roads with truck traffic counts in the FMATS area is small compared to the total number of links (i.e., 37 counting stations within the FMATS PM 2.5 non-attainment area), the data are extrapolated with the assumption that the same truck percentage carries over a corridor. Truck traffic fraction assumptions were made for particular links generally based on the closest

links with counted fractions.

With the extrapolated truck traffic counts, the Origin-Destination (O-D) matrix estimation method in TransCAD was used to estimate the modeling area’s truck O-D matrix, which contains truck traffic flows (most frequently, ve hicle flows) from every origin TAZ to every destination TAZ.

The O-D matrix estimation method is essentially an optimization pr oblem, which attempts to find the most likely O-D matrix that will produce the link traffic es timates matching observed traffic counts on the given links. The re sultant truck O-D matrix is as signed in the traffic assignment stage to produce link truc k traffic estimates.

Table 9 shows the results of truck traffic estimati on. The roads included in the table are those that have truck percentage data in the 2008 DOT volume report.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-16 Table 9 Results of Truck Traffic Modeling

Roads ADT 2009 2009 Truck

Percent 2009 Truck Modeled

Truck Error

AIRPORT WAY 18510 0.03 555 584 29

AIRPORT WAY 20010 0.03 600 492 -108

AIRPORT WAY 17910 0.04 716 649 -67

JOHANSEN EXPY 20945 0.05 1047 1287 240

STEESE HWY 23990 0.06 1439 785 -654

RICHARDSON HWY 19240 0.07 1347 1319 -28

STEESE HWY 15150 0.06 909 808 -101

STEESE HWY 4700 0.08 376 462 86

COLLEGE RD 19404 0.04 776 581 -195

PEGER RD 14875 0.07 1041 911 -130

CHENA PUMP RD 7842 0.07 549 501 -48

PHILLIPS FIELD RD 4495 0.06 270 252 -17

PLACK RD 2915 0.05 146 117 -29

NORDALE RD 1845 0.07 129 95 -34

CHENA HOT SPRINGS RD 3285 0.06 197 212 15

CHENA HOT SPRINGS RD 4015 0.05 201 280 79

SKYLINE DR 930 0.07 65 54 -11

BALLAINE RD 4625 0.03 139 169 30

ROBERT MITCHELL EXPY 13285 0.07 930 677 -253

PEEDE RD 995 0.05 50 68 19

GEORGE PARKS HWY 5765 0.13 749 676 -73

SUMMIT DR 1710 0.06 103 96 -7

RICHARDSON HWY 6305 0.15 946 921 -25

JOHANSEN EXPY 18705 0.1 1871 1448 -423

Goldstream Rd 1045 0.12 125 78 -48

ELLIOT HWY 1080 0.18 194 181 -13

STEESE HWY 850 0.13 111 109 -2

CHENA HOT SPRINGS RD 5230 0.05 261 230 -31

CHENA RIDGE RD 4145 0.07 290 193 -98

CHENA RIDGE RD 2450 0.07 172 196 25

BALLAINE RD 2790 0.04 112 140 28

RMSE 166EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-17 Calibration Results of the Passenger Traffic Model

For link volume calibration, the new model uses more screen lines than those used in the previous

model calibration. The additional scr een lines essentially cover the PM 2.5 non-attainment area that is outside of the MPO boundary. Screen lines are imaginary bounda ries between areas in a model network at which summary comparisons of simula ted and observed traffic volumes are compared. They are useful for evaluating dist ribution patterns. It is importan t note that traffic volumes used

for the screen line links are derived from th e 2009 traffic volume report published by AK DOT & PF. Compared with traffic volumes from a pr evious year (i..e, 2006, 2007, or 2008), the total

screenline traffic volume decrease d in 2009. Table 10 shows the resu lts of the calibration of the

passenger counts.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-18 Table 10 Screenline Calibration Results

North – South Screenline (West Side Fairbanks)

Link ID Link Description from Model 2009

Groun

d

Count Passenger

Count* Truck

Count Passenger

Model Error*

* %Error FHWA Target**

*

1370 College (Westwood) 8395 8143 252 7484 -659 -8% 25%

414 Johansen (E of University) 20945 19898 1047 20717 820 4% 15%

1097 Airport Way (E of University) 14885 14290 595 14635 345 2% 25%

587 Davis (E of University) 4515 4154 361 3470 -684 -15% 50%

415 Mitchell (E of University) 12485 11611 874 10535 -1077 -9% 20%

668 Van Horn (E of University) 570 513 57 426 -87 -15% 200%

2005 Goldstream Rd 1800 1584 216 1447 -137 -8% 100%

1136 FARMERS LOOP RD 6055 5692 363 5833 142 2% 25%

Total 69650 65884 6150 64547 -1337 -2%

1758

North - South Screenline (Central Fairbanks)

Link ID Link Description from Model 2009

Groun

d

Count Passenger

Count Truck

Count Passenger

Model Error* %Error FHWA Target

565 College (W of Aurora) 8330 8080 250 7582 -498 -6% 25%

1874 Johansen Aurora Jct 20855 19395 1460 19529 134 1% 15%

723 Phillips Field (E of Peger) 4495 4225 270 4446 221 5% 50%

363 Airport Way (Lathrob) 17910 17194 716 15741 -1452 -8% 20%

588 Davis (E of Peger) 5315 4890 425 4068 -821 -15% 25%

1165 Mitchell (E of Peger) 13285 12355 930 11085 -1270 -10% 20%

669 Van Horn (E of Peger) 5240 4716 524 3799 -917 -17% 25%

1605 FARMERS LOOP RD 4495 4225 270 3266 -959 -21% 50%

1900 Goldstream Rd 1045 920 125 843 -76 -7% 100%

Total 80970 76000 6402 70361 -5639 -7%

North – South Screenline (East Side Fairbanks)

Link ID Link Description from Model 2009

Groun

d

Count Passenger

Count Truck

Count Passenger

Model Error* %Error FHWA Target

563 College (Margaret) 9690 9399 291 9706 306 3% 25%

419 Johansen W. of College (2) 21940 20404 1536 18703 -1701 -8% 15%

1871 Phillips (W. of Driveway St.) 4495 4225 270 4145 -80 -2% 50%

103 First Ave (Barnette – Cushman) 9230 8676 554 10400 1724 19% 25%

358 Airport Way (Cushman) 18510 17955 555 17563 -392 -2% 15%

1135 FARMERS LOOP RD 5370 5048 322 4890 -158 -3% 25%

450 STEESE HWY 4700 4324 376 4236 -88 -2% 50%

Total 73935 70032 4659 69644 -387 -1%EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-19 North – South Screenline (Far East Side Fairbanks)

Link ID Link Description from Model 2009

Ground

Count Passenge

r Count Truck

Count Passenge

r Model Error* %Erro

r FHWA Target

477 RICHARDSON HWY 21115 19004 2112 18247 -757 -4% 20%

524 BADGER RD 6727 6391 336 7530 1140 17% 50%

1995 CHENA HOT SPRINGS RD 5230 4969 262 5308 339 6% 50%

Total 33072 30363 1170 31085 722 2%

East - West Screenline (Chena River)

Link Description from Model 2009

Ground

Count Passenge

r Count Truck

Count Passenge

r Model Error* %Erro

r FHWA Target

396 Parks HW South of interchange 14750 13718 1033 15950 2232 15% 20%

1403 University (S. of Johansen (2)) 17840 16770 1070 15113 -1656 -9% 20%

616 Peger (Phillips – Alaskaland) 14875 13834 1041 13912 78 1% 20%

349 Cushman (River – Terminal) 13590 12911 680 13241 330 2% 20%

692 Wendell St. Bridge 8985 8356 629 8857 501 6% 25%

427 Steese Expy (3rd St.)* 23990 22551 1439 25403 2852 12% 15%

677 CHENA PUMP RD 7842 7293 549 7219 -74 -1% 20%

2203 CHENA RIDGE RD 4145 3855 290 3136 -719 -17% 100%

1304 GEORGE PARKS HWY 5765 5016 749 3990 -1026 -18% 50%

Total 111782 104301 7377 106821 2519 2%

East – West Screenline (South of Airport Way)

Link Description from Model 2009

Ground

Count Passenge

r Count Truck

Count Passenge

r Model Error* %Erro

r FHWA Target

1407 University (Davis Rd) 8975 7808 1167 6618 -1191 -13% 25%

617 Peger (S of Airport) 9285 8635 650 9094 459 5% 25%

644 W Cowles (19th Ave.-E. Cowles) 6730 6528 202 4941 -1587 -24% 25%

642 Cushman (17 Ave. - 15th Ave) 9595 9307 288 8865 -442 -5% 20%

435 Rich Hwy (Parks EB) 19240 17893 1347 20217 2324 12% 20%

605 AIRPORT WAY 7500 7050 450 5276 -1774 -24% 50%

677 CHENA PUMP RD 7842 7293 549 7219 -74 -1% 50%

524 BADGER RD 6727 6391 336 7530 1140 17% 50%

Total 75894 70905 4848 69761 -1145 -2%EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-20 East – West Screenline (North of Johansen)

Link Description from Model 2009 Ground

Count Passenger

Count Truck

Count Passenger

Model Error* %Error FHWA Target

2269 SHEEP CREEK RD 2410 2217 193 2159 -58 -2% 100%

2300 BALLAINE RD 2790 2678 112 3284 605 22% 100%

1326 SUMMIT DR 1710 1607 103 1726 119 7% 100%

905 SKYLINE DR 1457 1355 102 1647 292 20% 100%

903 MCGRATH RD 1340 1260 80 1102 -158 -12% 100%

883 OLD STEESE HWY 3755 3530 225 2862 -668 -18% 50%

1996 STEELE CREEK RD 955 898 57 1142 244 26% 200%

864 NORDALE RD 1845 1716 129 1183 -533 -29% 100%

1992 GILMORE TRL 1315 1236 79 769 -467 -35% 100%

893 OLD STEESE HWY 985 926 59 532 -394 -40% 200%

Total 18562 17423 1287 16406 -1017 -5%

*Passenger counts are the AADT of the road minus the truck counts. If the truck traffic percentage is not available for a part icular road, estimation of the percentage is based on the closest road that ha s the truck data. Roads that ma inly serve residential areas a re assumed to have no

truck traffic.

** Difference = model number - count

***Model Validation and Reasonableness Ch ecking Manual, Travel Model Improvement Program, FHWA, February 1997

Driving Speed Calibration

For the purpose of mobile source PM 2.5 emission modeling, the accuracy of driving speed

estimation on the roads in the non-attainment area is important. To achieve a better accuracy than what the typical TDF model can offer, GPS-based floating car runs were used to collect average driving speed data on corridors th at have high traffic volumes for calibration of a link driving speed model. Note that the driving speed calibra tion was done in 2010 for FMATS' LRTP 2035 conformity analysis. The same calibrated driv ing speed model is used for this model update.

Volume-induced delay in the FMATS area occurs al most exclusively at the intersections. Within a certain distance adjacent to th e intersections, vehicles have to slow down to and speed up from the intersections. To properly model driving speed on the roads, it is necessary to separate the

sections of the roads where delay due to traffic signals at the intersections.

The driving speed model contains two steps. The first step mode ls the driving speed at the mid section of a roadway link. The mid-sections are at a certain distance from an intersection where the vehicles have accelerated to the average speed of the traffic flow. The second step models the distance and average speed from the intersecti ons where acceleration a nd deceleration of the vehicles take place.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-21 Mid-Section Driving Speed The link performance function of the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) is used as the model for driving speed on a road. The form ulation of the BPR function is:

ݐ ௩ ൌ	ݐ ଴ ሺ1 ൅ ߙሺ ௏

஼ ሻ ఉ )

t v = time required to drive through a road when there is traffic on the road

t 0 = time required to drive through a road when there is little to no traffic on the road (i.e., free flow time)

V

= Peak hour traffic volume on the road

C = hourly capacity of the road

α = parameter to be calibrated from data ß = parameter to be calibrated from data

The GPS speed data are used to calculate the driving time t v on the roads. The free flow time t 0 of a road is calculated with the driving speed at the speed limit of the road. The PM peak hour

volumes V on major roadways are obtained fr om AK DOT & PF. The capacity C of a road is

based on the functional classification of the road.

A total number of 22 two-way road segments (i.e ., 44 uni-directional links) with peak hour volume and speed data is used for the speed model calibra tion. The model is calibrated using the PM peak hour data (i.e., more volume and speed data are av ailable for the PM peak hour). The calibration process is essentially to find a set of α and ß values such that the BPR function with observed volume and speed data produces the smallest average error (i.e., root mean square error) of all the

calibration links.

The result of the driving speed model calibra tion is shown in Figure 7. The number on the highlighted calibration links is th e model error in miles per hour m ph). The result appears to be satisfactory, since the largest error is less than 4 mph and most of the links are within an error of 2 mph.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-22 Figure 7 Results of the Speed Model Calibration

The off-peak hour driving speed for a road canno t be reasonably modeled with the BPR function because during many of the late night hours there is essentially no traffic on the roads (i.e., the v/c ration is 0). The driving speed on a road during the off-peak hour is assumed to be at the speed limit of the road. The assumption is based on th e observation that some dr ivers tend to drive over the speed limits during the off-peak hours.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-23 Acceleration and Deceleration Segments On the segment of a road where acc eleration from the signal takes place, the average driving speed of a vehicle is taken as the average of the initia l speed at the beginning of the segment and the final speed at the end of the segment when a vehicle reach the mid-section speed. With the collected GPS speed data, the average driving speed on the segments that are connected to a signal is estimated to be approximately 3/4 of the averag e mid-section driving sp eed. Figure 8 shows an example of the results of the driving speed modeling on the acceleration and deceleration segments. The highlighted links are the accelerat ion and deceleration segments. The length of the segment reflects the acceleration rate and th e mid-section speeds of the links.

Figure 8 The Lengths and Average Speed on Segments Adjacent to Traffic SignalsEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-24 MEMORANDUM

TO: FAIRBANKS METROPOLITAN AREA TREANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

FROM: MING S. LEE

SUBJECT: FMATS 2035 TRAFFIC PROJECTION REPORT

DATE: 06/30/2011

CC:

Attached with this memo is the report for the 2035 traffic projected with the basis of the new

2010 Census data. Please let me know if you have any questions, co mments and suggestions for the model work. I appreciate the opportunity of working on the model for FMATS.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-25 FMATS 2035 Traffic Forecast with Projection Basis of 2010 Census

June 30, 2011

Prepared by

Ming S. Lee, Ph.D.

for

The Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation SystemsEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-26 INTRODUCTION

This report highlights the thre e major components involved in projecting 2035 traffic condition in the FMATS model area: Household projection, employment projection, and the 2035 model

network modification for the PM 2.5 non-attainment area. The proj ection is made on the basis of

2010 Census data.

2035 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD PROJECTION

The model requires 2035 projection of households by vehicle ownership and number of persons. Based on the most recent 2010 Census data, the Fa irbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) performed the 2035 household projection for all the Census Block Groups (BG) in the FMATS model area. A growth rate is projected for each BG and th e percentages of the growth within each BG attributing to different vehicle ownership and hous ehold size categories are also projected. Table 1 presented the growth rates projected by FNSB.

To apply the BG growth rates to TAZs, the BG that a TAZ belongs to is first identified. The growth rate of that BG is then applied to th e baseline number of households (i.e., occupied units) of the TAZ to project the numbers of number of households in 2035.

Because the 2010 Census Redistricting data releas ed in March 2011 do not contain auto ownership and household size data, there is no informati on to update the 2035 pr ojection by these two subgroups. The proportions of households by ownership and hous ehold size groups from the previous projection for FMATS' 2035 LRTP are t hus retained. The pr ojected tota l household number for each TAZ is multiplied w ith the proportions to arrive at the numbers of households by auto ownership and house hold size groups in 2035.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-27 Table 1 Household Growth Rates Projected by FNSB

CENSUS BLOCK

GROUP/TRACT Unique

Census BG ID# Geographic Description Total HH (Census 2010)* % HH Projected

Growth (2010-2035)

BG 1, Tract 1 1 Townsite / Cushman / Steese 767 1.027%

BG 2, Tract 1 41 Townsite 443 1.208%

BG 1, Tract 2 88 Townsite / Cowles / Lathrop 921 0.483%

BG 2, Tract 2 142 Van Horn Industrial (City) / Townsite

Weeks Field 558 0.665%

BG 1, Tract 3 178 Bjerremark / Rickert 354 1.390%

BG 2, Tract 3 198 Bjerremark 649 1.329%

BG 3, Tract 3 240 South Cushman 663 0.967%

BG 4, Tract 3 266 Bjerremark / South Cushman 453 1.208%

BG 1, Tract 4 312 Shannon Park 546 2.236%

BG 2, Tract 4 331 Hamilton Acres / North West 273 0.665%

BG 3, Tract 4 348 Hamilton Acres East 394 0.483%

BG 4, Tract 4 377 Hamilton Acres / Chena North 712 0.604%

BG 1, Tract 5 403 Aurora - Lemeta 765 0.604%

BG 2, Tract 5 428 Doyon Estates / Alaska Railroad /

Townsite Weeks Field 721 1.450%

BG 1, Tract 6 501 Aurora - Lemeta 496 0.483%

BG 2, Tract 6 519 College Road / Aurora - Lemeta 575 2.054%

BG 3, Tract 6 561 College Road / Totem Park 285 1.631%

BG 4, Tract 6 581 College Road West 429 1.873%

BG 1, Tract 7 595 Taku-Westgate / Airport Road 757 0.665%

BG 2, Tract 7 641 Sophie Plaza / Market Street 597 0.242%

BG 3, Tract 7 647 Davis / Van Horn 550 2.356%

BG 1, Tract 8 672 Geist Road 548 1.148%

BG 2, Tract 8 706 University West / Geist Road 934 1.450%

BG 3, Tract 8 728 Dartmouth Drive 343 0.725%

BG 4, Tract 8 744 University West 381 1.148%

BG 1, Tract 9 760 Chena Ridge 1,317 2.054%

BG 2, Tract 9 809 Rosie Creek 1,291 2.356%

BG 1, Tract 10 845 Smith Broadmoor / International Airport 344 1.813%

BG 2, Tract 10 910 Davis Van Horn / Van Horn Industrial (City) 342 1.329%

BG 1, Tract 11 1028 Ft. Wainwright AFB 2,113 1.631%

BG 1, Tract 12 1069 Chena Hot Springs Hills 1,468 2.719%

BG 2, Tract 12 1202 Farmers Loop / McGrath Road / Steese Highway 446 1.934%

BG 3, Tract 12 1247 Farmers Loop / Skyline Drive /

McGrath Road 846 2.356%EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-28 BG 1, Tract 13 1271 College Road / Farmers Loop /

Creamers Field 619 1.148%

BG 2, Tract 13 1321 Farmers Loop North 456 2.538%

BG 3, Tract 13 1338 Farmers Loop West 810 1.692%

BG 4, Tract 13 1367 Ballaine Road / Sh eep Creek Road 403 1.934%

BG 5, Tract 13 1386 UAF 213 0.544%

BG 1, Tract 14 1405 Persinger Drive / Nordale 564 2.779%

BG 2, Tract 14 1446 Lakloey - Persinger 516 2.840%

BG 3, Tract 14 1476 Bradway /Aztec Road / Lakloey 503 2.719%

BG 4, Tract 14 1498 Bradway - Clear Creek 322 1.752%

BG 5, Tract 14 1522 Bradway 1,074 2.175%

BG 1, Tract 15 1606 Peede Road / Chena River 603 2.054%

BG 2, Tract 15 1649 Badger East / Repp Road / Plack Road 580 2.538%

BG 3, Tract 15 1685 Badger East / Plack Road / Hurst

Road 565 2.779%

BG 4, Tract 15 1716 Dawson Road / Nelson Road 800 1.450%

BG 5, Tract 15 1781 Chena Lakes Flood Control 854 1.329%

BG 6, Tract 15^ 1828 Moose Creek 332 1.571%

BG 1, Tract 16 1868 Badger East 364 2.417%

BG 2, Tract 16 1906 North Pole City 559 2.840%

BG 3, Tract 16 1955 North Pole City East 681 2.840%

BG 4, Tract 16 2037 Laurance Road / Dyke Road 421 1.934%

BG 1, Tract 17 2084 Eielson Farm Road 614 1.390%

BG 2, Tract 17^ 2169 Harding Lake 723 1.148%

BG 1, Tract 18^ 2214 Eielson Training Area 0 0.302%

BG 2, Tract 18^ 2216 Eielson AFB 892 0.665%

BG 1, Tract 19^ 2233 Chena Hot Springs Rd 828 2.115%

BG 2, Tract 19 2291 Two Rivers 1,471 2.659%

BG 3, Tract 19^ 2352 Elliott Hwy/Steese Hwy 643 1.752%

BG 4, Tract 19^ 2435 Parks Hwy/NW Borough 2,327 2.236%

BG 5, Tract 19 2563 Gold Hill 765 1.571%

FNSB ALL

TOTAL

- - 41,783 100%

* These numbers include both occupied and vacant housing unitsEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-29 2035 NUMBER OF EMPLOYMENT PROJECTION

Projection Models

2001 to 2010 industry employment estimation fo r the FNSB produced by the Research and Analysis Section of Alaska Department of Labo r (DOL) and Workforce Development is used to develop the 2035 employment projection for FNSB.

The annual employment growth rate of 1% is used to project the number of employment in 2035. The 1% annual growth rate projection is made by th e Institute of Social Economic Research of the University of Alaska Anchorage 107 . Table 2 shows the 2001-2010 da ta from DOL data and the annual projections made with a 1% annual growth rate. It shows that over the last 10 years employment in FNSB grew in an approximate 1% annual growth rate. Thus, the 1% annual growth rate is applied to the 2010 numb er of employment in each TAZ to make employment projection

for 2035.

Table 2 FNSB Industry Employment Estimates 2001-2010

Industry 2,001 2,002 2,003 2,004 2,005 2,006 2,007 2,008 2,009 2,010

Natural Resources & Mining 950 900 900 900 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,100 1,100 1,100

Construction 2,000 2,250 2,500 2,800 2,900 2,800 2,800 2,700 2,500 2,700

Manufacturing 550 500 500 600 600 600 700 600 700 600

Wholesale Trade 500 550 600 600 600 700 700 700 700 700

Retail Trade 3,900 4,100 4,000 4,400 4,700 4,700 4,700 4,700 4,600 4,500

Trans/Warehouse/Utilities 2,600 2,650 2,500 2,400 2,300 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,500 2,500

Information 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 500 500

Financial Activities 1,300 1,300 1,400 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,600 1,500 1,600 1,500

Professional & Business

Svcs 2,100 1,850 2,100 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,300 2,300 2,200 2,300

Educational & Health

Services 3,400 3,800 4,000 4,100 4,200 4,300 4,200 4,400 4,600 4,900

Leisure & Hospitality 3,700 3,850 4,000 4,200 4,100 4,100 4,300 4,200 4,000 4,100

Other Services 1,950 1,800 1,400 1,400 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,200 1,200 1,200

Government 11,150 11,350 11,500 11,600 11,700 11,700 11,900 12,000 12,000 12,300

Grand Total 34,700 35,500 36,000 37,200 37,700 38,000 38,500 38,400 38,200 38,900

Projected with 1% annual growth 35,047 35,855 36,360 37,572 38,077 38,380 38,885 38,784 38,582

107 Economic and Demographic Projections fo r Alaska and Greater Anchorage 2010–2035, Scott Goldsmith. Prepared for HDR
Alaska, Inc. in association with Northern Economics December 2009.

http://www.iser.uaa.alaska.e du/Publications/EconDemProj ectionsAnchorage_v4.pdfEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-30 2035 Trip Production and Attraction Projection

Once the household and employment projection ar e performed for all the TAZs, the same trip production and attraction models used in the ba seline model are applied with the 2035 household and employment data to produce the projecti on of 2035 TAZ trip produc tion and attraction.

2035 Trip Tables forecasts

The calibrated baseline friction fa ctor table and the hourly depart ure and return rate table are applied to the 2035 trip productio n and attraction to produce th e 2035 time period vehicle trip table: AM peak for 7 to 9 am, PM peak for 3 to 5 pm, and off-peak for the remaining hours.

The vehicle occupancy factors used for different trip purposes are the same as those for the

baseline model:

 1.11 persons per vehicle for HBW

 1.67 persons per vehicle for HBNW

 1.66 persons per vehicle for NHB.

Finally, each of these vehicle trip tables are added with the 2035 ex ternal-to-external vehicle trip table (i.e., projected with the same annual growth rate as employme nt) of the same period to form complete period vehicle trip tabl e for 2035 traffic assignment.

2035 Truck Traffic Projection The 2010 base line truck O-D matrix is multiplied with the total of 1.28 growth rate (i.e., 1% annual growth over 25 years) for the projection of 2035 truck O-D matrix. The forecasted truck

traffic is the result of assi gnment of the 2035 truck O-D matr ix to the 2035 roadway network

2035 LRTP TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

The planning network representing the 2035 modeli ng scenario is prepared by incorporating the recommended roadway projects listed in the 2035 FMATS LRTP, the 2012-2015 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), and the future project list in the donut area identified by FMATS.

Generally, projects involving bike and pedestrian facilities are not represented in the model network, which is mainly used for projection of vehicular traffic. The model network also does not recognize projects intended for safety a nd intersection improvements, because such improvements typically do not induc e major travel behavior change like roadway upgrading that will increase the travel speed and capacity. Pave ment rehabilitation is also not modeled. There are also projects that involved particular streets that are not presented in the model. The reasons

that the streets are not in the m odel network are due to low functi onal classification of due to the fact that they are not a link that connect major traffic generators.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-31 Table 3 shows the list of projects planned for the 2012-2015 TIP. A description of the planned projects in the donut area is included in the Appendix.

Table 3 FMATS 2012-2015 TIP ProjectsEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-32 RESULTS OF 2035 FORECASTING

The forecasted 2035 trip tables of the three time periods are assigned to the 2035 model network. The assignment produces 2035 traffic forecasts representing 2035 traffic conditions. Table 4 shows the comparison of model total VMTs of the 2035 and 2010 baseline.

Table 4 Comparison of Total Model VMT

Scenario Total PM 2.5 Nonattainment area

VMT Total CO Non-attainment

VMT 2010 Baseline Model 1,823,895 918,868 2035 Model 2,388,715 1,160,946

The mid-section driving speed model calibrated fo r the 2010 baseline model is applied with the 2035 forecasted traffic volume. The lengths of th e acceleration and deceleration segments are then calculated based on the mid-section speeds.EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-33 

### Appendix: Planned Projects in the Donut Area

Table 5 shows the planned projects in the Donut area from all funding sources. Those shown as short range, medium range or long range projects are included in the year 2035 model network and associated cost. Historically, projects

in the Donut area have received betw een 6 and 8 million dollars yearly.

Table 5Short, Medium and Long Range Donut Area Projects

SR - 1 Elliott Highway MP 0 – 12 Rehabilitation SR - 2 Nordale Road (Chena River – Chena Hot Springs Road) SR - 3 Old Steese Rehabilitation (Hagelbarger to New Steese) SR - 4 Steele Creek Road Surfacing (Che na Hot Springs Road to Gilmore Trail)

SR - 5 FNSB: Park and Ride SR - 6 Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance

SR - 7 Gold Mine Trail Road

SR - 8 Rosie Creek Road

SR - 9 Old Nenana / Ester Hill Rehabilitation MR - 1 Chena Hot Springs Road (MP 0 – 6) MR - 2 Farmer’s Loop Road (MP 0 – 8.433) MR - 3 Goldstream Road (Old Steese to Murphy Dome Road) MR - 4 Old Steese (Johansen to McGrath)

MR - 5 Plack Road Bike Path MR - 6 McGrath Road Upgrade MR - 7 Park’s Highway (MP 305 – 351) MR - 8 Grenac Road Resurfacing MR - 9 Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance LR - 1 Chena Pump Road (MP 0 – 4.6) LR - 2 Chena Ridge Road (MP 0 – 8.111) LR - 3 Sheep Creek Road (Black Sheep Lane to Goldstream Road) LR - 4 Bennett Road Resurfacing (MP 0 – 1.48)

LR - 5 Nelson Road LR - 6 Farmer’s Loop – Chena Hot Springs Trail LR - 7 Goldstream Valley Multi-use Trail LR - 8 Murphy Dome Road Rehabilitation LR - 9 Plack Road Upgrade and Dawson Road Connector LR - 10 Spinach Creek Road Rehabilitation LR - 11 Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance

Following is a brief description of each of the recommended Short-Rang e, Medium-Range, and Long-Range projects and how the projects are incorporated into the spending plan. Fairbanks has recently benefited from additional funding including stimulus funding which has in creased spending within the short range projects. This trend currently is not expected to continue in the future.

Recommended Short-Range Projects (2010 – 2015)

SR-1 (NHS) Elliott Highway: MP 0 – 12 Rehabilitation – Rehabilitate the Elliott Highway between MP 0 – 12. (Note: 0.5 miles within Donut area.)

SR-2 (CTP) Nordale Road: Rehabilitate and resurface Nordale Road from Chena River (MP 2.367) to Chena Hot Springs Road (MP 5.663). (Note: 0.4 miles within Donut area)

SR-3 (CTP) Old Steese: Hagelbarger – New Steese: Rehabilitate the Old Steese from Hagelbarger to the New Steese Highway. (Note: Project is approximately 4.4 miles and all within the Donut area.)

SR-4 (CTP) Steele Creek Road: Surface Steele Creek Road between Chena Hot Springs Road (MP 0.0) to Gilmore Trail (MP 3.0). (Note: Project is approximate ly 3 miles and all within the Donut area.)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-34 SR-5 (FTA-CMAQ) FNSB: Park and Ride: Provide parking lots for commut ers to access the Metropolitan Area Commuter System (MACS) bus service. Locations identif ied are North Pole, Chena Hot Springs Road, Goldstream Road, Richardson Highway, Fox and Ester. (Note: Estimated 10% of project cost to be within the Donut area.)

SR-6 (STP) Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance: Preventive Maintenance projects throughout Donut area. (Note: Estimated Preventive Maintenance funding within the Donut area is $500,000 yearly.)

SR-7 (STP) Gold Mine Trail Road: Upgrade, realign and pave 4,750 feet of Gold Mine Trail and replace guardrail. Consider relocation of the Goldmine Trail / Steese Highway intersection. (Note: Project is approximately 0.9 miles

and all within th e Donut area.) SR-8 ( STP) Rosie Creek Road: Upgrade Rosie Creek Road from Chena Ridge to Becker Ridge, to include alignment, shoulder work, repair and overlay of pavement and improving the intersection at Chena Ridge. (Note: Project is approximately 2.4 miles all within the Donut area.) SR-9 (STP) FNSB: Old Nenana / Ester Hill Rehabilitation : Resurface and improve the road grade4s, widen the road, and install guardrail along the Old Nenana Highway.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION TOTAL

ESTIMATED

COST COST WITHIN

DONUT AREA

SR - 1 Elliott Highway MP 0 – 12 Rehabilitation $26,500,000 $1,325,000 SR - 2 Nordale Road $2,925,000 $468,000 SR - 3 Old Steese Rehabilitation $13,200,000 $13,000,000 SR - 4 Steele Creek Road Surfacing $3,000,000 $3,000,000 SR - 5 FNSB: Park and Ride $725,000 $72,500 SR - 6 Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance $2,500,000 $2,500,000 SR - 7 Gold Mine Trail $2,500,000 $2,500,000 SR - 8 Rosie Creek Road $7,400,000 $7,400,000 SR – 9 FNSB: Old Nenana / Ester Hill Rehabilitation $12,600,000 $12,600,000 5 year total $71,350,000 $42,865,500 1 year average $14,270,000 $8,573,100

Recommended Med-Range Projects (2016 – 2025)

MR-1 (AHS) Chena Hot Springs Road – Rehabilitate Chena Hot Springs Road from MP 0 – 6. (Note: Project is approximately 6 miles with 1.7 miles within Donut area.)

MR-2 (CTP) Farmer’s Loop: Relevel and resurface Farmers Loop Ro ad MP 0 – 8.43. (Note: Project is approximately 8.43 miles with 3.6 within Donut area)

MR-3 (CTP) Goldstream Road Reconstruction or Rehabilitation: Rehabilitate Goldstream Road from the Old Steese Highway to Murphy dome Road. Relevel and pave with spot repairs in more criti cal areas. (Note: Project is approximately 10.2 miles and all within the Donut area.)

MR-4 (CTP) Old Steese: Johansen to McGrath Road: Construct new roadway from the Old Steese intersection with the Johansen to McGrath Road. (Note: Project is a pproximately 2 miles with 1.6 miles within Donut area.)

MR-5 (TRAAK) Plack Road Bike Path: Construct a separated bike path along Plack Road from Nelson to Badger. (Note: Project is approximately 3.21 miles with .5 miles within the Donut area.)

MR-6 (CTP) McGrath Road Upgrade: Upgrade lower McGrath Road from Crystal Drive – Farmers Loop. (Note: Project is approximately 1.28 miles w ith .25 miles within the Donut area.)

MR-7 (NHS) Parks Highway MP 305-351: Fair banks – Nenana Scenic Waysides: Upgrade existing waysides / overlooks along the Parks Highway Nenana Ridge MP 305 – 351. (Note: Project is approximately 46 miles with 1.3 miles within the Donut Area.)

MR-8 (CTP) Grenac Road Resurfacing: Major Rehabilitation and repaving of Grenac Road. (Note: Project is approximately 1.15 miles with .25 within the Donut area.)

MR-9 (STP) Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance: Preventive Maintenanc e projects throughout Donut area. (Note: Estimated Preven tive Maintenance funding within the Donut area is $500,000 yearly.)

PROJECT DESCRIPTION TOTAL

ESTIMATED COST COST WITHIN

DONUT AREA MR - 1 Chena Hot Springs Road $6,400,000 $3,456,000 MR - 2 Farmer’s Loop $8,640,000 $3,628,800EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-35 MR - 3 Goldstream Road $15,000,000 $15,000,000 MR - 4 Old Steese: Johansen to McGrath $13,200,000 $9,900,000 MR - 5 Plack Road Bike Path $3,000,000 $500,100 MR - 6 McGrath Road $2,930,000 $586,000 MR - 7 Parks Highway $3,500,000 $105,000 MR - 8 Grenac Road Resurfacing $1,200,000 $264,000 MR - 9 Pavement Management / Preventive

Maintenance $5,000,000 $5,000,000

10 year total $58,870,000 $38,439,100 1 year average $5,887,000 $3,833,910

Recommended Long-Range Projects (2026 – 2035)

LR-1 (CTP) Chena Pump Road – Rehabilitate Chena Pump Road from MP 0 – 4.6. (Note: Project is approximately 4.6 miles with 2.6 miles within Donut area.)

LR-2 (CTP) Chena Ridge Road: Rehabilitate Chena Ridge Road from MP 0 – 8.11. (Note: Project is approximately 8.11 miles and all within Donut area)

LR-3 (CTP) Sheep Creek Road Rehabilitation: Rehabilitate and resurface Shee p Creek Road from Blacksheep Lane (MP 2.669) to Goldstream Road (MP 5.260). (Note: Project is approximately 2.6 miles and all within the Donut area.)

LR-4 (CTP) Bennett Road Resurfacing: Rehabilitate and repave Bennett Road from MP 0 – 1.48. (Note: Project is approximately 1.48 miles and all within the Donut area.)

LR-5 (CTP) Nelson Road Rehabilitation: Rehabilitate and resurface Nelson Road from MP 0 – 3.00. (Note: Project is approximately 3 miles with 1.0 mile within the Donut area.)

LR-6 (TRAAK) Farmer’s Loop to Chena Hot Springs Road Trail: Acquire easements for and plat the historic winter trail between Fairbanks and Chena Hot Springs Road. (Note: Project is approximately 59.3 miles with 3.25 miles within the Donut area.)

LR-7 (TRAAK) Goldstream Valley Multi-Use Trail: Extend multi-use trail betwee n Sheep Creek Road / Ann’s Greenhouse (MP 3.41) to Goldstream / Ballaine Road (MP7.7 9). (Note: Project is approximately 4.55 miles and all within the Donut area.)

LR-8 (CTP) Murphy Dome Road Rehabilitation: Repave Murphy Dome Road from Goldstream Road MP 0 to MP 8.60. (Note: Project is approximately 8.6 miles with 2.75 within the Donut area.)

LR-9 (CTP) Plack Road Upgrade and Dawson Connector: Upgrade existing roadway and extend to Dawson Road. (Note: Project is approximately 3.7 miles with 1 mile within the Donut area.)

LR-10 (CTP) Spinach Creek Road Rehabilitation: Rehabilitate and repave Spinach Creek Road from Murphy Dome Road to Old Murphy Dome Road. (Note: Project is approximately 4.36 miles all within the Donut area.)

LR-11 (STP) Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance: Preventive Maintenance projects throughout Donut area. (Note: Estimated Preven tive Maintenance funding within the Donut area is $500,000 yearly.)

PROJECT DESCRIPTION TOTAL

ESTIMATED

COST COST

WITHIN

DONUT

AREA LR - 1 Chena Pump Road $4,600,000 $2,800,000 LR - 2 Chena Ridge Road $8,100,000 $8,100,000 LR - 3 Sheep Creek Road $2,600,000 $2,600,000 LR - 4 Bennett Road $610,000 $610,000 LR - 5 Nelson Road $2,500,000 $1,650,000 LR - 6 Farmer’s Loop – Chena Hot Springs Trail $5,700,000 $342,000 LR - 7 Goldstream Valley Multi-use Trail $2,000,000 $2,000,000 LR - 8 Murphy Dome Road Rehabilitation $8,300,000 $2,656,000 LR - 9 Plack Road Upgrade and Dawson Connector $5,750,000 $1,380,000 LR - 10 Spinach Creek Road Rehabilitation $3,000,000 $3,000,000 LR - 11 Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance $5,000,000 $5,000,000 10 year total $48,160,000 $30,138,000 1 year average $4,816,000 $3,013,800EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-36EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C



### Attachment C

Vehicle Fleet Inputs DocumentationEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-1 

### Alaska DMV Database – Class Code Scheme

Class IM On-Road Code Description Required Vehicle

10 Passenger Personalized T T 11 Passenger T T 14 For Hire (Taxicab) T T

15 Historical Vehicle F T 16 Call Letter Passenger T T 17 Dealer Plate (1st Set) T T 19 Dealer Plate (2nd & Subsequent Sets) T T
20 Motorcycle Personalized F T
21 Motorcycle F T

25 Historic Vehicle - Exhibition F T 28 Dealer Motorcycle (1st Set) F T 29 Dealer Motorcycle (2nd Set) F T
31 Commercial Trailer: 5,000 lbs. and Under F F
32 Commercial Trailer: 5,001 lbs. - 12,000 lbs. F F
33 Commercial Trailer: 12,001 - 18,000 lbs. F F
34 Commercial Trailer: Over 18,000 lbs. F F

35 Non-Commercial Trailer F F 38 Transporter (1st Set) F T 39 Transporter (2nd & Subsequent Sets) F T 40 Non-Commercial Pickup Personalized T T
41 Commercial Truck: 5,000 lbs. & Under T T
42 Commercial Truck: 5,000 lbs. - 12,000 lbs. T T
43 Commercial Truck: 12,001 lbs. - 18,000 lbs. F T
44 Commercial Truck: Over 18,000 lbs. F T 45 Non-Commercial Pickup and Van T T 46 Call Letter Pickup (No Equipment) T T
51 Bus: 5,000 lbs. & Under F T
52 Bus: 5,001-12,000 lbs. F T
53 Bus: 12,001-18,000 lbs. F T
54 Bus: Over 18,000 lbs. F T
55 Tour Bus - All Weights F T

61 Farm Plates F F 63 Historic Vehicle - Normal Roadway Use (Passenger) T T 64 Historic Vehicle - Normal Roadway Use (Pickup) T T 65 Historic Vehicle - Normal Roadway Use (Motorcycle) F T 71 Snow Vehicles (2 year registration) F F 72 Snow Vehicles (4 year registration) F F 73 Snow Vehicles (6 year registration) F F 81 Prisoner of War Passenger T T 82 Prisoner of War Pickup and Van T T 83 Pearl Harbor Survivor Passenger T T 84 Pearl Harbor Survivor Pickup & Van T T 91 Commercial Passenger: Under 5,000 lbs. T T 92 Commercial Passenger: 5,001 - 12,000 lbs. T T 93 Commercial Passenger: 12,001 - 18,000 lbs. F T 94 Commercial Passenger: Over 18,000 lbs. F T
1A Army Passenger F T
1B Army Pickup F T 1C Custom Collector Passenger T T 1D Alaska Veteran Commemorative - Passenger T T 1F Alaska Veteran Commemorative - Passenger T T 1G Call Letter Passenger T T 1H Government Exempt Passenger T T 1M State Passenger T T 1P Exempt Passenger (Charitable) T TEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-2 

### Alaska DMV Database – Cl ass Code Scheme (cont.)

Class IM On-Road Code Description Required Vehicle
2A Navy Passenger T T
2B Navy Pickup T T 2D AK Veteran Commemorative - Pickup & Van T T 2G Government Exempt Motorcycle F T 2H State Motorcycle F T
2J Motorcycle - Pers onalized Vet - Army F T 2K Motorcycle - Pers onalized Vet - Navy F T
2M Motorcycle - Pers onalized Vet - Marines F T 2N Motorcycle - Pers onalized Vet - Air Force F T 2P Exempt Motorcycle (Charitable) F T 2Q Motorcycle - Pers onalized Vet - Coast Guard F T
3A Marines Passenger T T
3B Marines Pickup T T 3G Government Exempt Non-Commercial Trailer F F

3H State Non-Commercial Trailer F F 3P Exempt Non-Commercial Trailer (Charitable) F F
4A Air Force Passenger T T
4B Air Force Pickup T T 4C Custom Collector Pickup/Truck T T 4F Call Letter Pickup & Van T T 4G Government Exempt Pickup/Truck T T 4H State Pickup Truck T T 4M Government Personalized Pickup T T 4O Non-Commercial Personalized Pickup T T 4P Exempt Pickup/Truck (Charitable) T T 5A Coast Guard Passenger T T 5B Coast Guard Pickup T T 5G Government Exempt Bus F T

5H State Bus F T 5P Exempt Bus (Charitable) F T 6A National Guard Passenger T T 6B National Guard Pickup T T
7A Purple Heart Passenger T T
7B Purple Heart Pickup T T AA UAA Passenger T T
AB UAA Pickup T T D1 Disabled Vet. Passenger (No Parking Logo-2nd Set) T T D2 Disabled Veteran Pickup (No Parking Logo-2nd Set) T T DC Disabled Veteran Passenger (2nd Set) T T DD Disabled Veteran (1st Set) T T DP Disabled Veteran Pickup & Van (2nd Set) T T DV Disabled Veteran (No Parking Logo) T T
FA UAF Passenger T T
FB UAF Pickup T T HC Disability Passenger (2nd Set) T T HH Disability (1st Set) T T HP Disability Pickup & Van (2nd Set) T T JA UAS Passenger T T JB UAS Pickup T T K1 Gold Star Family - Passenger F T K2 Gold Star Family - Pickup F T K4 Gold Star Family - Trailer F T KA Childrens Trust Passenger T T KB Childrens Trust Pickup T T PA PWS Passenger T T PB PWS Pickup T T S1 Support our Troops Passenger T T S2 Support our Troops Pickup T T S3 Support our Troops Motor cycle F T S4 Support our Troops Trailer F TEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-3 

### Alaska DMV Database – Body Style Scheme

State of Alaska

Division of Motor Vehicles Standard Operating Procedures SOP No.: T Appendix C Page No.: 1

Effective: April 14, 2006

Subject: Supersedes: Dated: NEW

BODY STYLES Form No.:

Statute: AS Regulation: AAC

See Table PR-VBODY (Table 41) for additional body styles.

TV 5th Wheel FB Snowmachine Trailer

AE Aerial Platform ME Special Mobile Equipment

AI Air Compressor SY Sprayer

AM Ambulance ST Stake

AR Armored Truck SW Station Wagon

AD Asphalt Distributor SI Striper

AC Auto Carrier SS Sweeper

BH Backhoe/Loader FC Flotation Chassis

BG Baggage FW Food Wagon

BR Beverage Rack FL Fork Lift

BT Boat ST Frame

BC Brush Chipper GG Garbage or Refuse

BG Buggy, Concrete GE Generator

BD Bulldozer GR Glass Rack

BU Bus GD Grader

CL Cable Reel HO Grain (Hopper)

CT Camping GN Grain

AC Car Carrier HM Hammer

VN Cargo 2H Hardtop, 2 Door

LL Carry-All / SUV 4H Hardtop, 4 Door

CB Chassis Cab HV Harvester

CO Combine HB Hatchback (3 door & 5 door)

CM Concrete Mixer HL Hay Bale Loader

CV Convertible HY Hay Baler

CI Corn Picker HR Hearse

CK Cotton Picker HO Hopper

CZ Cotton Stripper HE Horse

CP Coupe LF Lift BoomEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-4 CR Crane LM Limousine

DE Detasseling Equipment LC Line Construction

DR Drill, Rock LS Livestock Rack

DP Dump LD Loader

EX Excavator LK Log Skidder

FS Fertilizer Spreader LP Log

FD Field Chopper LB Lowbed

TV Fifth Wheel LB Lowboy

FT Fire Truck BG Luggage

FB Flatbed LW Lunch Wagon

FR Flatrack MB Moped

MR Mower, Grass or Hay MB Motor Scooter

MR Mower, Conditioner MB Motorbike

MO Mower, Garden Tractor FB Motorcycle Trailer

MO Mower, Riding MC Motorcycle

OF Office MH Motorhome

PL Pallet TN Tank

PN Panel TN Tanker

VP Passenger Van TE Tent

PV Paver TT Tow Truck

PK Pickup TC Tractor, Track Type

FB Platform DS Tractor, Truck (Diesel)

LP Pole TR Tractor, Truck (Gas)

DI Potato Digger TF Tractor, Wheel Type

PR Prime Mover TV Travel

ST Rack TA Tree Harvester

RF Refrigerated Van UT Utility Trailer

RF Refrigerator LL Utility Vehicle

RD Roadster VA Vacuum Cleaner

RO Roller VN Van (Cargo)

SZ Saw VC Van Camper

SC Scraper VP Van, Passenger

2D Sedan, 2 Door VT Vanette

4D Sedan, 4 Door WE Welder

UT Service WD Well Driller

SP Shipping Container WN Windrower

SH Shovel TT Wrecker

SO SnowblowerEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-5 

### Alaska VIN Decoder – Ke y Field Descriptions

VEHICLE CLASS

CITY TRANSIT BUS

DUAL SPORT

FULL-SIZE MPV

FULL-SIZE PICKUP

FULL-SIZE VAN

INTERCITY/TOUR BUS

LARGE CAR

MID-SIZE CAR

MID-SIZE MPV

MILITARY

MINI BUS

MINI PICKUP

MINI VAN

ON ROAD MOTORCYCLE

SCHOOL BUS

SCOOTER

SMALL CAR

SMALL MPV

TRUCK DELIVERY

TRUCK TRACTOR

UTILITY VAN

GVWR CLASS

CLASS A: 0-3 000 LB

CLASS B: 3 001-4 000 LB

CLASS C: 4 001-5 000 LB

CLASS D: 5 001-6 000 LB

CLASS E: 6 001-7 000 LB

CLASS F: 7 001-8 000 LB

CLASS G: 8 001-9 000 LB

CLASS H: 9 001-10 000 LB

CLASS 3: 10 001-14 000 LB

CLASS 4: 14 001-16 000 LB

CLASS 5: 16 001-19 500 LB

CLASS 6: 19 501-26 000 LB

CLASS 7: 26 001-33 000 LB

CLASS 8: 33 001 LB AND OVEREMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-6 

### Alaska VIN Decoder – Key Fi eld Descriptions (cont.)

VEHICLE TYPE

BUS

INCOMPLETE VEHICLE

MOTORCYCLE MULTIPURPOSE VEHICLE (MPV)

PASSENGER CAR

PICKUP TRUCK

RECREATIONAL VEHICLE

TRUCK

VAN

BODY TYPE

2 DOOR CAB 2 DOOR CAB; CHASSIS 2 DOOR CAB; CHASSI S; CONVENTIONAL 2 DOOR CAB; CLUB 2 DOOR CAB; CLUB; LONG BED 2 DOOR CAB; CREW 2 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED 2 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED; CHASSIS 2 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED; PLUS 2 DOOR CAB; KING CAB 2 DOOR CAB; LONG BED 2 DOOR CAB; PLUS 2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR 2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; CHASSIS 2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; FLARESIDE 2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; LONG BED 2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; SHORT BED 2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; STYLESIDE 2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; SUNDOWNER 2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; SUNDOWNER; LONG BED 2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; TOWNSIDE 2 DOOR CAB; SHORT BED 2 DOOR CAB; SHORT BED; SWEPTLINE 2 DOOR CAB; SPACE 2 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB 2 DOOR CAB; SUPER LONG BED 2 DOOR CAB; SWEPTLINE 2 DOOR CAB; SWEPTLINE; CHASSIS 2 DOOR CAB; X-CABEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-7 2 DOOR CAB; X-CAB; LONG BED

2 DOOR CONVERTIBLE 2 DOOR CONVERTIBLE; OPEN TOP 2 DOOR CONVERTIBLE; ROADSTER

2 DOOR COUPE 2 DOOR COUPE; HARD TOP 2 DOOR COUPE; LIFTBACK 2 DOOR COUPE; NOTCHBACK 2 DOOR COUPE; SPORT ROOF 2 DOOR COUPE; TARGA

2 DOOR HATCHBACK 2 DOOR HATCHBACK; LIFTBACK 2 DOOR HATCHBACK; SPORT ROOF 2 DOOR HATCHBACK; SPORTWAGON

2 DOOR VAN

2 DOOR WAGON 2 DOOR WAGON; CANVAS TOP 2 DOOR WAGON; HARD TOP 2 DOOR WAGON; OPEN BODY 2 DOOR WAGON; SHORT WHEELBASE 2 DOOR WAGON; T-BAR TOP

2 PERSON

2/4 DOOR WAGON

200 WIDE BODY VAN

2-PASSENGER

3 DOOR BUS 3 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB; FLARESIDE 3 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB; STYLESIDE

3 DOOR VAN 3 DOOR VAN; CARGO 3 DOOR VAN; CHASSIS 3 DOOR VAN; CUTAWAY 3 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED 3 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; CARGO 3 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; PASSENGER 3 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; SPORT 3 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; WINDOW 3 DOOR VAN; INCOMPLETE CHASSIS 3 DOOR VAN; PASSENGER 3 DOOR VAN; REGULAR; CARGO 3 DOOR VAN; SPORT 3 DOOR VAN; SUPER EXTENDED; CARGO 3 DOOR VAN; SUPER EXTENDED; DISPLAY 3 DOOR VAN; SUPER EXTENDED; WINDOW 4 DOOR CAB; ACCESS CAB 4 DOOR CAB; CHASSISEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-8 4 DOOR CAB; CHASSIS; CREW 4 DOOR CAB; CLUB 4 DOOR CAB; CREW 4 DOOR CAB; CREW MAX 4 DOOR CAB; CREW; LONG BED 4 DOOR CAB; CREW; LONG WHEELBASE 4 DOOR CAB; CREW; SHORT WHEELBASE 4 DOOR CAB; DOUBLE CAB 4 DOOR CAB; DOUBLE CAB; LONG BED 4 DOOR CAB; DOUBLE CAB; STANDARD BED 4 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED 4 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED; CHASSIS 4 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED; QUAD 4 DOOR CAB; EXTENDE D; QUAD; CHASSIS 4 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED; UTILITY 4 DOOR CAB; FLARESIDE; SUPER CREW 4 DOOR CAB; KING CAB 4 DOOR CAB; KING CAB; LONG WHEELBASE 4 DOOR CAB; KING CAB; SHORT WHEELBASE 4 DOOR CAB; MEGA 4 DOOR CAB; PLUS 4 DOOR CAB; QUAD 4 DOOR CAB; REGULAR 4 DOOR CAB; STYLESIDE; SUPER CREW 4 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB 4 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB; CHASSIS 4 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB; FLARESIDE 4 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB; STYLESIDE 4 DOOR CAB; SUPER CREW 4 DOOR CAB; UTILITY

4 DOOR COUPE

4 DOOR HATCHBACK 4 DOOR HATCHBACK; LIFTBACK

4 DOOR SEDAN 4 DOOR SEDAN; HARD TOP 4 DOOR SEDAN; LIFTBACK 4 DOOR SEDAN; LONG WHEELBASE 4 DOOR SEDAN; SHORT WHEELBASE

4 DOOR VAN 4 DOOR VAN; CARGO 4 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED 4 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; CARGO 4 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; PASSENGER 4 DOOR VAN; PASSENGER 4 DOOR VAN; REGULAR

4 DOOR WAGONEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-9 4 DOOR WAGON; ALL PURP OSE WINDOW-LIFT GATE 4 DOOR WAGON; HARD TOP 4 DOOR WAGON; SPORT 4 DOOR WAGON; STATION WAGON

BASE BASE CUTAWAY; CUBE VAN

CHASSIS

CHASSIS CAB

CHOPPER

CLASS A MOTORHOME CHA SSIS; STRIPPED CHASSIS

COMMERCIAL BASIC STRIPPED CHASSIS

COMMERCIAL CHASSIS

COMMERCIAL CUTAWAY COMMERCIAL CUTAWAY; VAN

COMMERCIAL SPECIAL AND RV CUTAWAY

COMMERCIAL STRIPPED CHASSIS

CONCRETE OR TRANSIT MIXER

CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION; STEEL CAB

CREW CAB

CUBE VAN

CUSTOM

CUTAWAY

DELUXE

DUMP

EXPERIMENTAL EXTENDED; CLUB WAGON

FORWARD CONTROL

FORWARD CONTROL BODY

FORWARD/TILTMASTER

HEAVY WEIGHT

HIGHWAY HIGHWAY; STEEL CAB

INTEGRATED CE COMMERCIAL BUS

INTEGRATED CONVENTIONAL BUS

INTERCITY BUS

INTERCITY COACH

LOWERED RAIL REAR ENGINE

MEDIUM CONVENTIONAL

MEDIUM STEEL TILT

MIDDLE WEIGHT

MOTOR HOME

MOTOR HOME CHASSIS

MOTOR HOME STRIPPED CHASSIS

MOTORIZED CUTAWAY

REAR ENGINEEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-10 REGULAR

REGULAR CAB

RV CUTAWAY

RV STRIPPED CHASSIS

SIDE CAR

SINGLE DOWN TUBE

SOFTAIL

SPECIAL COMMERCIAL CHASSIS

SPORT

SPORT BIKE

STANDARD

STEP VAN

STRIPPED CHASSIS

SUPER CAB

SUPER DUTY CU TAWAY; VAN

THREE-WHEEL FOR PASSEGEREMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-11 

### MOVES Age Distribution Inputs

MC PC PT LCT ICTYBUS TRNBUS SCHBUS REFTRK MtrHome
ShortHaul LongHaul ShortHaul LongHaul

Source: SURVEY SURVEY SURVEY DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV

Age 11 21 31 32 41 42 43 51 52 53 54 61 62

0 0.0000 0.0529 0.0427 0.0433 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0294 0.0017 0.0017 0.0000 0.0328 0.0328

1 0.0000 0.0706 0.0569 0.0629 0.0000 0.0189 0.0215 0.4412 0.0150 0.0150 0.0000 0.0361 0.0361

2 0.0000 0.0739 0.0764 0.1211 0.0000 0.1321 0.0511 0.0294 0.0341 0.0341 0.0111 0.0270 0.0270

3 0.0000 0.0686 0.0861 0.0864 0.0000 0.1887 0.3199 0.0000 0.0599 0.0599 0.0090 0.0672 0.0672

4 0.0000 0.0856 0.0906 0.0986 0.0408 0.0189 0.0323 0.0588 0.0499 0.0499 0.0263 0.0639 0.0639

5 1.0000 0.0503 0.0847 0.0664 0.0102 0.0000 0.0484 0.0000 0.0474 0.0474 0.0216 0.0443 0.0443

6 0.0000 0.0675 0.0839 0.0575 0.0102 0.0189 0.0457 0.0000 0.0333 0.0333 0.0279 0.0156 0.0156

7 0.0000 0.0664 0.0691 0.0548 0.1429 0.0189 0.0269 0.0882 0.0341 0.0341 0.0184 0.0303 0.0303

8 0.0000 0.0556 0.0547 0.0392 0.0408 0.0000 0.0108 0.0294 0.0274 0.0274 0.0269 0.0377 0.0377

9 0.0000 0.0620 0.0604 0.0436 0.0510 0.0189 0.0296 0.0000 0.0366 0.0366 0.0258 0.0418 0.0418

10 0.0000 0.0525 0.0557 0.0550 0.1531 0.0000 0.0323 0.0588 0.0507 0.0507 0.0348 0.0352 0.0352

11 0.0000 0.0483 0.0425 0.0365 0.1020 0.0189 0.0323 0.0294 0.0407 0.0407 0.0532 0.0557 0.0557

12 0.0000 0.0495 0.0340 0.0216 0.0102 0.0000 0.0591 0.0294 0.0449 0.0449 0.0327 0.0426 0.0426

13 0.0000 0.0278 0.0249 0.0317 0.1531 0.0000 0.0323 0.0000 0.0407 0.0407 0.0448 0.0361 0.0361

14 0.0000 0.0325 0.0282 0.0249 0.0306 0.0000 0.0484 0.0882 0.0357 0.0357 0.0385 0.0410 0.0410

15 0.0000 0.0219 0.0292 0.0212 0.0612 0.0189 0.0081 0.0000 0.0283 0.0283 0.0448 0.0385 0.0385

16 0.0000 0.0231 0.0205 0.0190 0.0306 0.0566 0.0242 0.0000 0.0366 0.0366 0.0501 0.0344 0.0344

17 0.0000 0.0217 0.0118 0.0163 0.0000 0.1132 0.0269 0.0294 0.0258 0.0258 0.0300 0.0254 0.0254

18 0.0000 0.0194 0.0126 0.0095 0.0000 0.0000 0.0161 0.0000 0.0274 0.0274 0.0348 0.0303 0.0303

19 0.0000 0.0189 0.0083 0.0125 0.0204 0.0943 0.0108 0.0000 0.0216 0.0216 0.0248 0.0246 0.0246

20 0.0000 0.0075 0.0059 0.0109 0.0102 0.0377 0.0161 0.0000 0.0224 0.0224 0.0316 0.0352 0.0352

21 0.0000 0.0056 0.0047 0.0057 0.0306 0.0377 0.0269 0.0294 0.0200 0.0200 0.0416 0.0270 0.0270

22 0.0000 0.0047 0.0024 0.0063 0.0102 0.0000 0.0134 0.0000 0.0150 0.0150 0.0437 0.0164 0.0164

23 0.0000 0.0031 0.0028 0.0029 0.0204 0.1132 0.0054 0.0000 0.0083 0.0083 0.0332 0.0172 0.0172

24 0.0000 0.0028 0.0020 0.0046 0.0000 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 0.0200 0.0200 0.0237 0.0107 0.0107

25 0.0000 0.0028 0.0022 0.0065 0.0000 0.0377 0.0215 0.0294 0.0158 0.0158 0.0295 0.0098 0.0098

26 0.0000 0.0019 0.0012 0.0052 0.0000 0.0189 0.0027 0.0000 0.0216 0.0216 0.0274 0.0115 0.0115

27 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0038 0.0000 0.0000 0.0161 0.0000 0.0091 0.0091 0.0142 0.0082 0.0082

28 0.0000 0.0003 0.0010 0.0030 0.0306 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 0.0258 0.0258 0.0200 0.0115 0.0115

29 0.0000 0.0006 0.0004 0.0019 0.0102 0.0189 0.0027 0.0000 0.0125 0.0125 0.0095 0.0213 0.0213

30+ 0.0000 0.0017 0.0043 0.0271 0.0306 0.0189 0.0134 0.0294 0.1380 0.1380 0.1702 0.0705 0.0705

All 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Single

‐ Unit Truck Combo

‐ Unit Truck May 2010 DMV & Winter 2009 Parking Survey Based Vehicle Fractions by MOVES Source Use Type and AgeEMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment CAttachment C-12Calculation of VMT Allocationsby HPMS Vehicle Type Category20102035EntireFleet: 1,823,895 2,388,715LDVs(11,21,31): 1,718,763 2,284,514TRKs(32+): 105,132 104,201LDV%: 94.2% 95.6%TRK%: 5.8% 4.4%DMV‐Based Aggregated 2010Base 2010Base 2035LRTP 2035LRTPMOVESDflt Fairbanks Fairbanks Fairbanks DMV‐Based TransCAD DMV/TransCAD TransCAD DMV/TransCADHPMSVtypeID SourceTypes Miles/Yr/Veh Popn VMT/Yr VMT/Day VMT/Day VMT/Day Ratio VMT/Day VMT/Yr VMT/Day Ratio VMT/Day VMT/Yr10 11 2,540 4,234 10,752,707 29,459 20,3357,422,30227,0299,865,44020 21 12,051 25,441 306,598,421 839,996 579,826211,636,581770,683281,299,23530 31 11,806 50,102 591,490,107 1,620,521 1,118,602408,289,5911,486,802542,682,88330 32 11,806 6,309 74,482,278 204,061 38,39214,013,00938,05213,888,85440 41,42,43 10,458 523 5,469,368 14,985 2,8191,029,0002,7941,019,88450 51,52,53,54 12,271 3,135 38,469,721 105,396 19,8297,237,64819,6537,173,52360 61,62 70,116 1,220 85,541,220 234,360 44,09216,093,62543,70115,951,03690,964 1,112,803,8213,048,778 1,823,895 665,721,757 2,388,715 871,880,854HPMSVtypeID20102015 20252035SourceType20102015 20252035107,422,3027,910,930 8,888,1859,865,440114,2344,513 5,0705,62820211,636,581225,569,112 253,434,173281,299,2352125,44127,116 30,46633,81530422,302,600449,156,427 502,864,082556,571,7373150,10253,288 59,66066,032401,029,0001,027,177 1,023,5301,019,884326,3096,710 7,5138,315507,237,6487,224,823 7,199,1737,173,523419898 97976016,093,62516,065,107 16,008,07215,951,036425353 5353665,721,757706,953,576 789,417,215871,880,85443372371 370369VMT/Day:1,823,895 1,936,859 2,162,787 2,388,715513434 3434521,1001,098 1,0941,09053103103 103102541,8981,895 1,8881,88161694693 69068862526525 523521All90,96496,496 107,560118,6242010BaseTransCAD 2035LRTPTransCADCalculationofVMTbyHPMSVehicleTypebyApportioningDMV‐BasedEstimatestoTransCADModeledVMTTransCADPMAreaDailyVMTDMVApportioned DMVApportioned2,284,514 1.090104,201 5.363AnnualVMT(Miles/Year)ResultingAnnualVMTforMOVESInput(from2010,keepingannualmileageconstant)ScaledVehiclePopulations1.4495.3152,489,976558,8021,718,763105,132EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-13 

### Normalized Speed Distribution Inputs by Road Type and Time of Day

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5 SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5

1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00408 3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.01324

4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.03268 4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.02056

5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00089 0.00250 0.05518 5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00358 0.07247

6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.23859 0.00000 0.23790 6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.22983 0.00000 0.24639

7 30 0.00000 0.06093 0.44354 0.16503 0.20091 7 30 0.00000 0.06755 0.45523 0.18655 0.20494

8 35 0.00000 0.00066 0.10390 0.07915 0.23961 8 35 0.00000 0.00057 0.10975 0.07692 0.17352

9 40 0.00000 0.00000 0.07377 0.00000 0.04823 9 40 0.00000 0.00000 0.07007 0.00000 0.05085

10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.06820 0.00000 0.01249 10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.06075 0.00000 0.00676

11 50 0.00000 0.93841 0.07111 0.75332 0.16891 11 50 0.00000 0.93188 0.07437 0.73295 0.21127

12 55 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 12 55 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5 SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5

1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00170 3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00804

4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00102 0.00000 0.03214 4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.02339

5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00297 0.05386 5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00288 0.06666

6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.24474 0.00000 0.23253 6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.23269 0.00000 0.24352

7 30 0.00000 0.06716 0.46657 0.21186 0.21577 7 30 0.00000 0.07206 0.48234 0.19768 0.21732

8 35 0.00000 0.00064 0.10502 0.04680 0.24191 8 35 0.00000 0.00060 0.10819 0.06229 0.19075

9 40 0.00000 0.00000 0.06596 0.00000 0.06176 9 40 0.00000 0.00000 0.06223 0.00000 0.05290

10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.05800 0.00000 0.01289 10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.05188 0.00000 0.00713

11 50 0.00000 0.93219 0.05869 0.73837 0.14744 11 50 0.00000 0.92733 0.06268 0.73716 0.19028

12 55 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 12 55 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5 SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5

1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00243 3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00628

4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00049 4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00022

5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00119 0.00201 0.08816 5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00320 0.04706

6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.23781 0.00000 0.17161 6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.20797 0.00000 0.22205

7 30 0.00000 0.06749 0.00502 0.25648 0.10135 7 30 0.00000 0.06430 0.00403 0.24969 0.09707

8 35 0.00000 0.00000 0.43450 0.01507 0.23485 8 35 0.00000 0.00000 0.52306 0.01820 0.23529

9 40 0.00000 0.00375 0.10244 0.04457 0.20932 9 40 0.00000 0.00066 0.12083 0.03749 0.17753

10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.10756 0.00000 0.05043 10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.04355 0.00000 0.04588

11 50 0.00000 0.00000 0.03843 0.00000 0.01101 11 50 0.00000 0.00000 0.04697 0.00000 0.00843

12 55 0.00000 0.92875 0.07305 0.68187 0.13035 12 55 0.00000 0.93504 0.05358 0.69141 0.16019

13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5 SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5

1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.01059 3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00554

4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00899 4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00060

5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00209 0.00184 0.07887 5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00116 0.07091

6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.20731 0.00000 0.16862 6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.15554 0.00000 0.17987

7 30 0.00000 0.02024 0.01155 0.17486 0.18614 7 30 0.00000 0.02380 0.00505 0.22252 0.15781

8 35 0.00000 0.00000 0.39595 0.01268 0.11020 8 35 0.00000 0.00000 0.45527 0.01640 0.15516

9 40 0.00000 0.00298 0.08689 0.03191 0.23276 9 40 0.00000 0.00536 0.11451 0.05217 0.16693

10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.14801 0.00000 0.06691 10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.10795 0.00000 0.05651

11 50 0.00000 0.56125 0.02656 0.34358 0.03021 11 50 0.00000 0.00000 0.02947 0.13446 0.06469

12 55 0.00000 0.41553 0.12164 0.43513 0.10670 12 55 0.00000 0.97084 0.13222 0.57328 0.14197

13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 2010 Truck Daily Values 2035 Truck Daily Values 2010 AM Peak (7-9 am, MOVES Hrs 8-10)

2010 PM Peak (3-6 pm, MOVES Hrs 16-19)

2010 Off Peak (9 am-3 pm, 7 pm-7 am, MOVES Hrs 10-15, 20-7) 2035 AM Peak (7-9 am, MOVES Hrs 8-10)

2035 PM Peak (3-6 pm, MOVES Hrs 16-19)

2035 Off Peak (9 am-3 pm, 7 pm-7 am, MOVES Hrs 10-15, 20-7)EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C

Attachment C-14 

### Tabulated Road Type VMT by Time of Day and Normalized Road Type Distribution Inputs by Time of Day

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd

1 2 3 4 5 CheckSum 1 2 3 4 5

Sum of DVMT 225,452 852,272 250,226 495,946 1,823,895 Sum of DVMT 0.000 0.124 0.467 0.137 0.272

Sum of AVMT 21,137 57,217 21,378 32,737 132,469 Sum of AVMT 0.000 0.160 0.432 0.161 0.247

Sum of PVMT 46,770 179,362 53,288 100,715 380,135 Sum of PVMT 0.000 0.123 0.472 0.140 0.265

Sum of OVMT 141,990 575,088 148,557 340,524 1,206,159 Sum of OVMT 0.000 0.118 0.477 0.123 0.282

Sum of TRKVMT 15,555 40,604 27,003 21,970 105,132 Sum of TRKVM 0.000 0.148 0.386 0.257 0.209

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd

1 2 3 4 5 CheckSum 1 2 3 4 5

Sum of DVMT 337,118 703,148 263,617 1,072,687 2,376,571 Sum of DVMT 0.000 0.142 0.296 0.111 0.451

Sum of AVMT 28,174 41,997 23,434 78,947 172,551 Sum of AVMT 0.000 0.163 0.243 0.136 0.458

Sum of PVMT 66,284 126,598 54,151 219,014 466,047 Sum of PVMT 0.000 0.142 0.272 0.116 0.470

Sum of OVMT 202,975 484,880 168,770 712,351 1,568,977 Sum of OVMT 0.000 0.129 0.309 0.108 0.454

Sum of TRKVMT 39,685 49,673 17,261 62,376 168,996 Sum of TRKVM 0.000 0.235 0.294 0.102 0.369 2010 Base VMT by MOVES Road Type and Normalized

2035 Forecast VMT by MOVES Road Type and NormalizedEMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment D



### Attachment D

NONROAD Model OutputsEMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-12008 NONROAD SOURCE WINTER SEASON EMISSIONS AND MONTHLYALLOCATIONS (May/June 2013 NONROAD Runs)CountyANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/year)WINTER PM MODELING EPISODE FRACTIONName SOURCE DESCRIPTIONSCCVOCCONOX SOXPM10-PRIPM25-PRINH3VOCCONOXSOXPM10-PRIPM25-PRINH3Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke,Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road226000101025.6525.020.07 0.000.920.850.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Snowmobiles226000102055.34132.470.49 0.041.261.160.010.931.001.001.001.001.00 1.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles226000103012.6912.870.04 0.000.450.410.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22600010600.182.910.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22600020060.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22600020090.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22600020210.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22600020270.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22600020390.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22600020540.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22600030300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22600030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential)22600040150.010.030.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial)22600040160.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Residential)22600040200.120.360.00 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial)22600040210.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Residential)22600040250.150.470.00 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Commercial)22600040260.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential)22600040300.120.310.00 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22600040310.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential)22600040350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22600040360.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22600040710.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers22600050350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets22600060050.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps22600060100.020.060.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors22600060150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.490.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22600060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Chain Saws > 6 HP22600070050.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke,Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road22650010101.1210.040.13 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles226500103011.7893.491.11 0.020.130.120.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Golf Carts22650010501.0025.670.31 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22650010600.153.420.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers22650020030.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22650020060.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22650020090.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers22650020150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22650020210.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22650020240.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22650020270.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers22650020300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs22650020330.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22650020390.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers22650020420.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes22650020450.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22650020540.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22650020570.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22650020600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22650020660.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22650020720.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders22650020780.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22650020810.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts22650030100.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.350.430.600.450.450.45 0.45EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-2Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts22650030200.000.040.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.430.600.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22650030300.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.410.430.600.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22650030400.000.030.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.430.600.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22650030500.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.360.430.600.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration22650030600.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors22650030700.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.390.430.600.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Residential)22650040100.797.380.07 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Commercial)22650040110.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential)22650040150.070.650.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial)22650040160.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Residential)22650040250.000.040.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Commercial)22650040260.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential)22650040300.010.080.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22650040310.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential)22650040350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22650040360.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Residential)22650040400.091.270.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial)22650040410.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial)22650040460.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial)22650040510.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Residential)22650040550.8516.860.20 0.000.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial)22650040560.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22650040660.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22650040710.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment(Residential)22650040750.060.740.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment(Commercial)22650040760.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors22650050100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors22650050150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Combines22650050200.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Balers22650050250.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers22650050300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke,Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers22650050350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP22650050400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers22650050450.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22650050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets22650050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets22650060050.142.840.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps22650060100.040.570.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors22650060150.010.250.01 0.000.000.000.000.480.470.670.500.500.50 0.50Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Welders22650060250.020.630.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers22650060300.071.190.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22650060350.000.050.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP22650070100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp -Feller/Bunch/Skidder22650070150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment22650080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22650100100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 22670010600.000.040.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 22670020030.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 22670020150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22670020210.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22670020240.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 22670020300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG,Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 22670020330.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22670020390.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 22670020450.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22670020540.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22670020570.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22670020600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-3Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22670020660.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22670020720.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22670020810.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 22670030100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22670030200.010.240.04 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 22670030300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22670030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22670030500.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 22670030700.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22670040660.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, OtherAgricultural Equipment22670050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 22670050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 22670060050.000.030.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22670060100.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 22670060150.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Welders 22670060250.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 22670060300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 22670060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment22670080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22680020810.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22680030200.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 22680030300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22680030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 22680030600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 22680030700.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, OtherAgricultural Equipment22680050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 22680050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 22680060050.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22680060100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 22680060150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 22680060200.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.010.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 22680060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22680100100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22700010600.030.100.09 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers22700020030.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22700020060.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22700020090.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers22700020150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Scrapers22700020180.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22700020210.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22700020240.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22700020270.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers22700020300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs22700020330.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Excavators22700020360.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22700020390.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers22700020420.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes22700020450.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Graders22700020480.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Trucks22700020510.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22700020540.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22700020570.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22700020600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22700020660.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crawler Tractor/Dozers22700020690.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22700020720.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Tractors22700020750.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders22700020780.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22700020810.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 22700030100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22700030200.000.010.01 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-4Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22700030300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22700030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22700030500.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration22700030600.020.100.20 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors22700030700.000.000.01 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22700040310.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22700040360.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial)22700040460.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial)22700040560.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22700040660.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22700040710.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment (Commercial)22700040760.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel,Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors22700050100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors22700050150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Combines22700050200.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 22700050250.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers22700050300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 22700050350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP22700050400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers22700050450.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22700050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets22700050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets22700060050.010.030.06 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22700060100.000.010.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors22700060150.000.020.04 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors22700060200.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Welders 22700060250.010.030.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers22700060300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22700060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP22700070100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder22700070150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Airport Ground Support Equipment,Airport Ground Support Equipment22700080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Underground Mining Equipment, Other Underground Mining Equipment22700090100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22700100100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Outboard 228200501016.0332.700.49 0.010.250.230.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Personal Water Craft22820050154.7313.860.18 0.000.090.080.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 4-Stroke, Inboard/Sterndrive 22820100051.9521.051.46 0.010.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Inboard/Sterndrive 22820200050.040.181.08 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Outboard 22820200100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Denali Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Diesel, Railway Maintenance 22850020150.000.010.02 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Denali Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Railway Maintenance22850040150.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.400.470.670.500.500.50 0.50Denali Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, LPG, Railway Maintenance 22850060150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke,Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road226000101030.5830.010.09 0.001.101.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Snowmobiles22600010201586.833799.7514.57 1.0636.3733.460.370.931.001.001.001.001.00 1.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles226000103015.0315.450.04 0.000.530.490.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22600010600.213.510.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22600020061.667.670.02 0.000.210.190.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22600020090.050.280.00 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22600020210.060.340.00 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22600020270.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22600020393.6219.500.05 0.000.540.500.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22600020540.010.070.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22600030300.000.030.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22600030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential)22600040150.300.860.00 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial)22600040160.030.130.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Residential)22600040203.5711.110.05 0.000.280.260.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial)22600040210.512.330.01 0.000.060.060.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Residential)22600040254.7614.540.07 0.000.400.370.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-5FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Commercial)22600040260.271.280.01 0.000.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential)22600040303.599.770.04 0.000.250.230.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22600040310.291.440.01 0.000.040.040.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential)22600040353.8911.300.02 0.000.100.090.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22600040360.571.920.00 0.000.020.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22600040710.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers22600050350.020.070.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets22600060050.200.830.00 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps22600060101.375.430.03 0.000.160.150.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors22600060150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.490.500.500.500.500.50 0.50FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22600060350.010.040.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Chain Saws > 6 HP22600070051.507.510.02 0.000.210.190.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke,Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road22650010101.3412.020.16 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles226500103014.12112.541.33 0.020.150.140.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Golf Carts22650010503.6693.711.11 0.010.040.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22650010600.173.990.04 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers22650020030.154.170.07 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22650020060.000.040.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22650020090.6510.150.10 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers22650020150.267.360.12 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22650020210.8917.810.21 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22650020240.306.650.08 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22650020270.020.340.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers22650020300.5712.590.22 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs22650020330.435.430.08 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22650020390.9828.780.38 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers22650020421.1418.560.19 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes22650020450.040.670.04 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22650020540.081.840.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22650020570.050.840.06 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22650020600.101.810.13 0.000.000.000.000.380.420.590.440.440.44 0.44FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22650020660.319.600.12 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22650020720.225.100.17 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders22650020780.152.830.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22650020810.050.860.06 0.000.000.000.000.340.420.590.440.440.44 0.44FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts22650030100.122.310.10 0.000.000.000.000.350.430.600.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts22650030200.255.230.36 0.000.000.000.000.440.430.600.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22650030300.071.610.05 0.000.000.000.000.410.430.600.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22650030400.274.110.06 0.000.000.000.000.450.430.600.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22650030500.010.160.01 0.000.000.000.000.360.430.600.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration22650030600.030.750.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors22650030700.010.250.02 0.000.000.000.000.390.430.600.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Residential)226500401024.37228.462.05 0.020.130.120.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Commercial)22650040110.465.060.05 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential)22650040152.0719.440.17 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial)22650040160.252.980.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Residential)22650040250.131.250.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Commercial)22650040260.010.110.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential)22650040300.282.390.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22650040310.153.720.07 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential)22650040352.1929.270.15 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22650040360.184.960.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Residential)22650040402.6337.760.43 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial)22650040410.020.480.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial)22650040460.020.680.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial)22650040510.030.350.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Residential)226500405525.46503.315.87 0.060.150.140.020.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial)22650040560.206.510.08 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22650040660.030.810.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-6FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22650040710.8220.410.25 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment(Residential)22650040751.8021.980.21 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment(Commercial)22650040760.070.880.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors22650050100.010.220.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors22650050150.010.360.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Combines22650050200.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Balers22650050250.040.340.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers22650050300.010.200.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers22650050350.152.300.04 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP22650050400.256.410.05 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers22650050450.050.520.04 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22650050550.050.940.04 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke,Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets22650050600.020.400.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets226500600512.25248.812.74 0.030.080.080.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps22650060103.3050.230.75 0.010.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors22650060151.2521.920.48 0.000.020.010.000.480.470.670.500.500.50 0.50FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Welders22650060252.1255.890.91 0.010.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers22650060306.40105.461.13 0.010.050.050.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22650060350.194.280.05 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP22650070100.5916.000.17 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp -Feller/Bunch/Skidder22650070150.010.120.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment22650080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22650100100.8425.360.30 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 22670010600.000.040.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 22670020030.010.140.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 22670020150.010.220.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22670020210.000.040.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22670020240.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 22670020300.020.440.08 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 22670020330.010.160.04 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22670020390.010.330.04 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 22670020450.010.160.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22670020540.000.030.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22670020570.010.270.05 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22670020600.030.670.12 0.000.000.000.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22670020660.000.050.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22670020720.030.590.12 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22670020810.010.250.05 0.000.000.000.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 22670030100.020.390.08 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22670030201.5731.455.55 0.010.050.050.010.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 22670030300.010.210.03 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22670030400.000.060.01 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22670030500.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 22670030700.000.120.01 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22670040660.000.070.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22670050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 22670050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 22670060050.202.980.95 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22670060100.040.660.19 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 22670060150.040.760.20 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Welders 22670060250.071.380.27 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 22670060300.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 22670060350.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment22670080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22680020810.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22680030200.012.440.43 0.000.000.000.520.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 22680030300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22680030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 22680030600.000.040.01 0.000.000.000.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 22680030700.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-7FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22680050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 22680050600.000.230.04 0.000.000.000.050.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 22680060050.001.110.35 0.000.000.000.320.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22680060100.000.060.02 0.000.000.000.020.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 22680060150.000.070.02 0.000.000.000.020.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 22680060200.000.570.11 0.000.010.010.790.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 22680060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22680100100.001.670.18 0.000.010.010.770.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22700010600.030.110.10 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers22700020030.221.182.62 0.010.210.200.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22700020060.000.000.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22700020090.010.060.09 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers22700020150.603.506.69 0.020.590.570.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Scrapers22700020180.433.207.41 0.020.440.420.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22700020210.040.230.43 0.000.040.040.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22700020240.020.160.26 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22700020270.120.460.84 0.000.080.080.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers22700020300.352.213.32 0.010.360.340.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs22700020330.351.454.00 0.010.270.260.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Excavators22700020361.879.5824.81 0.081.751.700.030.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22700020390.030.170.23 0.000.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers22700020420.020.070.15 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes22700020450.491.777.01 0.020.350.340.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Graders22700020480.472.146.26 0.020.420.400.010.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Trucks22700020511.367.9624.16 0.071.181.140.020.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22700020540.100.431.29 0.000.080.070.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22700020570.915.638.98 0.030.910.890.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22700020602.3613.5332.41 0.092.162.100.030.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22700020664.7120.5621.69 0.053.253.150.020.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crawler Tractor/Dozers22700020691.9211.3427.66 0.081.771.710.030.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22700020724.3917.9614.74 0.042.822.740.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Tractors22700020750.251.663.55 0.010.220.210.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders22700020780.010.050.05 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22700020810.261.733.47 0.010.250.240.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 22700030100.030.110.10 0.000.020.020.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22700030200.080.660.96 0.000.090.090.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22700030300.040.160.49 0.000.030.030.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22700030400.050.180.58 0.000.040.040.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22700030500.010.020.03 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration22700030600.995.1310.55 0.030.890.860.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors22700030700.050.250.61 0.000.050.040.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22700040310.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22700040360.000.000.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial)22700040460.010.050.09 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial)22700040560.000.010.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22700040660.010.060.13 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22700040710.000.000.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment (Commercial)22700040760.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors22700050100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors22700050152.1211.1620.57 0.052.001.940.020.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Combines22700050200.190.832.16 0.000.230.220.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 22700050250.000.010.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers22700050300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 22700050350.020.090.16 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP22700050400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers22700050450.020.090.15 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22700050550.050.230.44 0.000.050.050.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets22700050600.030.110.28 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets22700060050.722.725.34 0.010.510.500.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22700060100.160.641.27 0.000.120.120.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors22700060150.311.353.02 0.010.260.250.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-8FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors22700060200.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Welders 22700060250.532.121.58 0.000.320.310.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers22700060300.020.080.18 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22700060350.010.060.13 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP22700070100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder22700070150.492.396.53 0.020.450.430.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment22700080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Underground Mining Equipment, Other Underground Mining Equipment22700090100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22700100100.160.702.56 0.010.120.110.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Outboard 22820050109.2719.230.31 0.000.140.130.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Personal Water Craft22820050152.758.290.11 0.000.050.050.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 4-Stroke, Inboard/Sterndrive 22820100051.1612.180.90 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft,Diesel, Inboard/Sterndrive 22820200050.030.100.62 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Outboard 22820200100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00FNSB Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Diesel, Railway Maintenance 22850020150.150.640.81 0.000.110.100.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50FNSB Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Railway Maintenance22850040150.061.330.02 0.000.000.000.000.400.470.670.500.500.50 0.50FNSB Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, LPG, Railway Maintenance 22850060150.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50FNSBMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, All22670020000.130.472.230.050.100.100.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 1.00FNSBMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Total22700020000.373.156.290.381.261.220.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 1.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke,Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road226000101022.9922.560.07 0.000.830.760.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Snowmobiles2260001020142.34340.851.31 0.103.263.000.030.931.001.001.001.001.00 1.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles226000103011.3011.620.03 0.000.400.370.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22600010600.162.640.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22600020060.110.510.00 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22600020090.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22600020210.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22600020270.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22600020390.241.290.00 0.000.040.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22600020540.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22600030300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22600030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential)22600040150.030.080.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers< 6 HP (Commercial)22600040160.020.090.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Residential)22600040200.351.080.00 0.000.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial)22600040210.381.750.00 0.000.050.040.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Residential)22600040250.461.410.01 0.000.040.040.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Commercial)22600040260.200.960.00 0.000.030.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential)22600040300.350.950.00 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22600040310.211.080.00 0.000.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential)22600040350.381.090.00 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22600040360.060.210.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22600040710.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers22600050350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets22600060050.010.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps22600060100.040.150.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors22600060150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.490.500.500.500.500.50 0.50SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22600060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Chain Saws > 6 HP22600070050.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke,Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road22650010101.019.040.12 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles226500103010.6284.621.00 0.020.110.100.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Golf Carts22650010500.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22650010600.133.000.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers22650020030.010.280.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22650020060.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22650020090.040.670.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers22650020150.020.490.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22650020210.061.170.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22650020240.020.440.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22650020270.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers22650020300.040.830.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-9SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs22650020330.030.360.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22650020390.061.900.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers22650020420.071.220.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes22650020450.000.040.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22650020540.010.120.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22650020570.000.060.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22650020600.010.120.01 0.000.000.000.000.380.420.590.440.440.44 0.44SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22650020660.020.630.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22650020720.010.340.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders22650020780.010.190.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22650020810.000.060.00 0.000.000.000.000.340.420.590.440.440.44 0.44SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts22650030100.000.060.00 0.000.000.000.000.350.430.600.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts22650030200.010.140.01 0.000.000.000.000.440.430.600.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22650030300.000.040.00 0.000.000.000.000.410.430.600.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22650030400.010.110.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.430.600.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22650030500.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.360.430.600.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment,AC\Refrigeration22650030600.000.050.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors22650030700.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.390.430.600.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Residential)22650040102.3622.110.20 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Commercial)22650040110.343.810.04 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential)22650040150.201.880.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial)22650040160.192.240.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Residential)22650040250.010.120.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Commercial)22650040260.010.080.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential)22650040300.030.230.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22650040310.112.800.05 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential)22650040350.212.830.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22650040360.020.550.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Residential)22650040400.253.650.04 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial)22650040410.010.360.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial)22650040460.020.510.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial)22650040510.020.260.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Residential)22650040552.4648.660.57 0.010.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial)22650040560.154.890.06 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22650040660.020.610.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22650040710.6115.340.19 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment(Residential)22650040750.172.120.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment(Commercial)22650040760.050.660.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors22650050100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors22650050150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Combines22650050200.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Balers22650050250.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers22650050300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers22650050350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP22650050400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers22650050450.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22650050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets22650050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets22650060050.346.830.08 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps22650060100.091.380.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors22650060150.030.600.01 0.000.000.000.000.480.470.670.500.500.50 0.50SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Welders22650060250.061.540.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers22650060300.182.900.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22650060350.010.120.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP22650070100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp -Feller/Bunch/Skidder22650070150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment22650080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22650100100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-10SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 22670010600.000.030.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 22670020030.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 22670020150.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22670020210.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22670020240.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 22670020300.000.030.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 22670020330.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22670020390.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 22670020450.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22670020540.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22670020570.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22670020600.000.040.01 0.000.000.000.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22670020660.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22670020720.000.040.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22670020810.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 22670030100.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22670030200.040.820.14 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 22670030300.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22670030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22670030500.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 22670030700.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22670040660.000.050.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22670050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 22670050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 22670060050.010.080.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22670060100.000.020.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 22670060150.000.020.01 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Welders 22670060250.000.040.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 22670060300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 22670060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment22670080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22680020810.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22680030200.000.060.01 0.000.000.000.010.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 22680030300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22680030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 22680030600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 22680030700.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22680050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 22680050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 22680060050.000.030.01 0.000.000.000.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22680060100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 22680060150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 22680060200.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.020.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 22680060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22680100100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22700010600.020.080.07 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers22700020030.010.080.17 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22700020060.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22700020090.000.000.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers22700020150.040.230.44 0.000.040.040.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Scrapers22700020180.030.210.49 0.000.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22700020210.000.010.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22700020240.000.010.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22700020270.010.030.06 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers22700020300.020.150.22 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs22700020330.020.100.26 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Excavators22700020360.120.631.63 0.010.120.110.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22700020390.000.010.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers22700020420.000.000.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes22700020450.030.120.46 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Graders22700020480.030.140.41 0.000.030.030.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-11SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Trucks22700020510.090.521.59 0.000.080.080.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22700020540.010.030.09 0.000.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22700020570.060.370.59 0.000.060.060.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22700020600.160.892.13 0.010.140.140.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22700020660.311.351.43 0.000.210.210.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crawler Tractor/Dozers22700020690.130.751.82 0.010.120.110.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22700020720.291.180.97 0.000.190.180.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Tractors22700020750.020.110.23 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders22700020780.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22700020810.020.110.23 0.000.020.020.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 22700030100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22700030200.000.020.03 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22700030300.000.000.01 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22700030400.000.000.02 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22700030500.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration22700030600.070.340.70 0.000.060.060.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors22700030700.000.010.02 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22700040310.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22700040360.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial)22700040460.010.040.06 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial)22700040560.000.010.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22700040660.010.040.10 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22700040710.000.000.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment (Commercial)22700040760.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors22700050100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors22700050150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel,Agricultural Equipment, Combines22700050200.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 22700050250.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers22700050300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 22700050350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP22700050400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers22700050450.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22700050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets22700050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets22700060050.020.070.15 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22700060100.000.020.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, AirCompressors22700060150.010.040.08 0.000.010.010.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors22700060200.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Welders 22700060250.010.060.04 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers22700060300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22700060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP22700070100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder22700070150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport GroundSupport Equipment22700080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Underground Mining Equipment, Other Underground Mining Equipment22700090100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22700100100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Outboard 228200501027.6557.360.92 0.010.430.400.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Personal Water Craft22820050158.2124.730.33 0.010.150.140.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources,Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 4-Stroke, Inboard/Sterndrive 22820100053.4536.312.69 0.010.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel,Inboard/Sterndrive 22820200050.080.311.84 0.000.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Outboard 22820200100.000.000.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Diesel, Railway Maintenance 22850020150.010.040.05 0.000.010.010.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Railway Maintenance22850040150.000.090.00 0.000.000.000.000.400.470.670.500.500.50 0.50SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, LPG, Railway Maintenance 22850060150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke,Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road22600010105.925.760.02 0.000.210.200.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Snowmobiles2260001020111.75267.440.96 0.072.542.340.030.931.001.001.001.001.00 1.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles22600010302.942.960.01 0.000.100.100.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22600010600.040.670.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22600020060.221.020.00 0.000.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22600020090.010.040.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22600020210.010.040.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-12Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22600020270.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22600020390.482.580.01 0.000.070.070.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22600020540.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22600030300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22600030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential)22600040150.030.080.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial)22600040160.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Residential)22600040200.300.940.00 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial)22600040210.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Residential)22600040250.411.230.01 0.000.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Commercial)22600040260.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential)22600040300.310.820.00 0.000.020.020.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22600040310.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential)22600040350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22600040360.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22600040710.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers22600050350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets22600060050.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps22600060100.010.060.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors22600060150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.490.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22600060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Logging Equipment, ChainSaws > 6 HP22600070050.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke,Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road22650010100.262.310.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles22650010302.7221.500.26 0.000.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Golf Carts22650010500.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22650010600.040.800.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers22650020030.020.560.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22650020060.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22650020090.091.350.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers22650020150.030.980.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22650020210.122.380.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22650020240.040.880.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22650020270.000.050.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers22650020300.081.680.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs22650020330.060.730.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22650020390.133.810.05 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers22650020420.152.520.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes22650020450.010.090.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22650020540.010.250.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22650020570.010.120.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22650020600.010.250.02 0.000.000.000.000.380.420.590.440.440.44 0.44Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22650020660.041.270.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22650020720.030.690.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders22650020780.020.390.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22650020810.010.120.01 0.000.000.000.000.340.420.590.440.440.44 0.44Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts22650030100.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.350.430.600.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts22650030200.000.040.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.430.600.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22650030300.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.410.430.600.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22650030400.000.030.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.430.600.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22650030500.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.360.430.600.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration22650030600.000.040.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors22650030700.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.390.430.600.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Residential)22650040102.0619.370.17 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Commercial)22650040110.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential)22650040150.191.740.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial)22650040160.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Residential)22650040250.010.110.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters(Commercial)22650040260.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-13Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential)22650040300.020.200.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22650040310.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential)22650040350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22650040360.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Residential)22650040400.233.380.04 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial)22650040410.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial)22650040460.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial)22650040510.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Residential)22650040552.2744.970.52 0.010.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial)22650040560.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22650040660.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22650040710.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment(Residential)22650040750.161.990.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment(Commercial)22650040760.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors22650050100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors22650050150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Combines22650050200.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Balers22650050250.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers22650050300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers22650050350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP22650050400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers22650050450.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22650050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets22650050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets22650060050.132.630.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps22650060100.030.520.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors22650060150.010.230.01 0.000.000.000.000.480.470.670.500.500.50 0.50Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Welders22650060250.020.580.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers22650060300.071.100.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22650060350.000.040.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP22650070100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp -Feller/Bunch/Skidder22650070150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment22650080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22650100100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 22670010600.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 22670020030.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 22670020150.000.030.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22670020210.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22670020240.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 22670020300.000.060.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 22670020330.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22670020390.000.040.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 22670020450.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22670020540.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22670020570.000.040.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22670020600.000.090.02 0.000.000.000.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22670020660.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22670020720.000.080.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22670020810.000.030.01 0.000.000.000.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 22670030100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22670030200.010.220.04 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 22670030300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22670030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22670030500.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 22670030700.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22670040660.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22670050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 22670050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 22670060050.000.030.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22670060100.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-14Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 22670060150.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Welders 22670060250.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 22670060300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 22670060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, LPG, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment22670080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22680020810.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22680030200.000.020.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 22680030300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22680030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 22680030600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 22680030700.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22680050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 22680050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 22680060050.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22680060100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 22680060150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 22680060200.000.010.00 0.000.000.000.010.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 22680060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22680100100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts22700010600.010.020.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers22700020030.030.170.38 0.000.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers22700020060.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors22700020090.000.010.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers22700020150.090.510.96 0.000.090.080.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Scrapers22700020180.060.471.08 0.000.070.060.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment22700020210.010.030.06 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment22700020240.000.020.04 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants22700020270.020.070.12 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers22700020300.050.330.48 0.000.050.050.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs22700020330.060.230.61 0.000.040.040.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Excavators22700020360.271.373.55 0.010.250.240.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws22700020390.000.020.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers22700020420.000.010.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes22700020450.070.261.03 0.000.050.050.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Graders22700020480.070.310.90 0.000.060.060.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Trucks22700020510.191.143.43 0.010.170.160.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment22700020540.010.070.19 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts22700020570.130.821.29 0.000.140.130.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders22700020600.352.024.74 0.010.330.320.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes22700020660.723.083.22 0.010.500.480.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crawler Tractor/Dozers22700020690.281.654.00 0.010.260.250.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders22700020720.692.732.19 0.010.440.430.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Tractors22700020750.040.250.52 0.000.030.030.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders22700020780.000.010.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment22700020810.040.270.52 0.000.040.040.000.440.440.440.440.440.44 0.44Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 22700030100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 22700030200.000.010.01 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers22700030300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment22700030400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment22700030500.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration22700030600.060.310.64 0.000.050.050.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors22700030700.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.450.450.450.450.450.45 0.45Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)22700040310.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial)22700040360.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial)22700040460.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial)22700040560.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)22700040660.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial)22700040710.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment (Commercial)22700040760.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors22700050100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors22700050150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00EMISSIONS INVENTORYAttachment DAttachment D-15Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Combines22700050200.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 22700050250.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment,Agricultural Mowers22700050300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 22700050350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP22700050400.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers22700050450.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment22700050550.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets22700050600.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets22700060050.010.030.06 0.000.010.010.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 22700060100.000.010.01 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors22700060150.000.020.03 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors22700060200.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Welders 22700060250.010.030.02 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers22700060300.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units22700060350.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP22700070100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder22700070150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment22700080050.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Underground Mining Equipment, Other Underground Mining Equipment22700090100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment22700100100.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Outboard 2282005010171.92348.265.03 0.082.722.510.030.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Personal Water Craft228200501550.66146.551.89 0.030.950.880.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 4-Stroke, Inboard/Sterndrive 228201000520.69225.7615.29 0.060.110.100.020.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Pleasure Craft,Diesel, Inboard/Sterndrive 22820200050.461.9411.62 0.030.230.220.010.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Outboard 22820200100.010.020.03 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.00Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Diesel, Railway Maintenance 22850020150.010.040.05 0.000.010.010.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Railway Maintenance22850040150.000.080.00 0.000.000.000.000.400.470.670.500.500.50 0.50Yukon-KoyukukMobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, LPG, Railway Maintenance 22850060150.000.000.00 0.000.000.000.000.500.500.500.500.500.50 0.50EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment D

Attachment D-16EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.



### Attachment E

Control Measure CalculationsEMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Error! Reference source not found. -1 << To be completed >>EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Error! Reference source not found. -2