5

NOAA Technical Report NMFS 5

Net Phytoplankton and

Zooplankton in the New York

Bight, January 1976 to

February 1978, With Comments

on the Effects of Wind,

Gulf Stream Eddies, and

Slope Water Intrusions

Daniel E. Smith and Jack W. Jossi

May 1984

u.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Marine Fisheries Service
NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS NMFS

The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance

and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of

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Reports series: "Special Scientific Report-Fisheries" and "Circular." The series contains the following types of reports:

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and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained from: Publications Services Branch (EIAI 13), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 3300 Whitehaven

St., Washington, DC 20235.
NOAA Technical Report NMFS 5

Net Phytoplankton and

Zooplankton in the New York

Bight, January 1976 to

February 1978, With Comments

on the Effects of Wind,

Gulf Stream Eddies, and

Slope Water Intrusions

Daniel E. Smith and Jack W. Jossi

May 1984

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

John V. Byrne, Administrator

National Marine Fisheries Service

William G. Gordon, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, recommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material

mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or

to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends

or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned

herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly

the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS

publication.
CONTENTS

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Methods. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . I

Plankton sampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Phytoplankton examination 2

Zooplankton examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Temperature and salinity measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Effects of warm core Gulf Stream eddies on plankton 3

Effects of wind events on plankton 4

Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Literature cited 7

Figures

I. The Hardy continuous plankton recorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2. The New York Bight with an envelope including the routes along which Hardy continuous plankton recorder samples and

expendable bathythermograph and sea surface salinity data were collected, January 1976 to January 1978. . .. . . . . . . . .. . . 2

3. Monthly mean abundance of the net phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates and diatoms in continuous plankton recorder samples

taken from New York Bight shelf water, January 1976 to January 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

4. Monthly mean abundance of net phytoplanktonic diatoms in continuous plankton recorder samples taken from New York

Bight shelf water, January 1976 to January 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

5. Monthly mean abundance of copepods in continuous plankton recorder samples taken from New York Bight shelf and slope

water, January 1976 to January 1978 3

6. Monthly mean abundance of tropical zooplankton in continuous plankton recorder samples taken from New York Bight

shelf and slope water, January 1976 to January 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

7. Sea surface salinity and water column temperature distribution along a transect running southeastward from Ambrose

Light, N.Y., 19-20 November 1977 4

8. Sea surface salinity and water column temperature distribution along a transect running southeastward from Ambrose

Light, N.Y., 17-18 December 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

9. Hardy continuous plankton recorder, expendable bathythermograph, and sea surface salinity transect, 17-18 December

1977................................................................................................ 5

10. Water column temperature distribution along a transect running southeastward from Ambrose Light, N.Y., 12 February

1978 . 5

11. Monthly mean Ekman transports for lat. 40o N, long. 700

W during 1976 and 1977 6

12. Sea surface salinity and water column temperature distribution along a transect running southeastward from Ambrose

Light, N.Y., 20 October 1977 " . 7

Appendix Tables

I. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 26-27 January 1976 .

2. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 17-18 April 1976 ' .

3. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 14-15 May 1976 .

4. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 16-17 June 1976 .

5. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 5-6 July 1976 .

6. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 14 August 1976 .

7. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 23-24 October 1976 .

8. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 9 November 1976 .

9. Plankton and en vironmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 12-13 January 1977 .

10. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, II February 1977 .

II. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 15-16 March 1977 .

12. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 16 April 1977 .

13. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 5-6 May 1977 .

14. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 20-21 July 1977 .

15. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 31 August 1977 .

16. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 13-14 September 1977 .

17. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 9-10 October 1977 .

18. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 19-20 November 1977 .

19. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 17-18 December 1977 .

20. Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 1-2 January 1978 .

III

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21-22

23-24

25

26-27

28-29

30

31-32

33
21. List of species and coarser taxa identified in CPR samples from the New York Bight, 26 January 1976-2 January 1978 ....

22. Taxa of plankton taken from the New York Bight that were considered by the authors to be of tropical or subtropical origin .

34-40

41
Net Phytoplankton and Zooplankton in the New York

Bight, January 1976 to February 1978, With Comments

on the Effects of Wind, Gulf Stream Eddies, and

Slope Water Intrusions

DANIEL E. SMITH and JACK W. JOSSI l

ABSTRACT

Results are given of monthly net phytoplankton and zooplankton sampling from a 10 m depth in shelf,

slope, and Gulf Stream eddy water along a transect running southeastward from Ambrose Ligbt, New York,

in 1976, 1977, and early 1978. Plankton abundance and temperature at 10 m and sea surface salinity at each

station are listed. The effects of atmospheric forcing and Gulf Stream eddies on plankton distribution and

abundance are discussed. The frequency of Gulf Stream eddy passage through the New York Bight corresponded with the frequency of tropical-subtropical net phytoplankton in the samples. Gulf Stream eddies

injected tropical-subtropical zooplankton onto the shelf and removed shelfwater and its entrained zooplankton.

Wind-induced offshore Ekman transport corresponded generally with the unusual timing of two net phytoplankton maxima. Midsummer net phytoplankton maxima were recorded following the passage of Hurricane

Belle (August 1976) and a cold front (July 1977). Tropical-subtropical zooplankton which had been injected

onto the outer shelf by Gulf Stream eddies were moved to the inner shelf by a wind-induced current moving

up the Hudson Shelf Valley.

INTRODUCTION

The New York Bight contains abundant living marine resources.

It is used extensively for urban waste disposal, merchant shipping,

recreation, coastal zone construction, and fishing (Gross et al.

1976).

Concern over the possibility of these uses affecting the natural

resources of the New York Bight has aroused considerable attention and study in the last few years. In the MESA New York Bight

Atlas Monographs, Bowman and Wunderlich (1977) have summarized historic hydrographic data and portrayed the mean annual

cycle of hydrographic properties, Hansen (1977) has described

circulation, Yentsch (1977) has discussed the factors controlling

primary production, Grosslein and Azarovitz (in press) have

summarized the distribution of fish, McHugh and Ginter (1978)

discussed the fisheries, and Malone (1977) has reviewed plankton

systematics and distribution. In other studies, Han and Niedrauer

(1981) recently reported on hydrography and mixing, Beardsley

and Boicourt (1981) have summarized knowledge of atmospheric

forcing over the continental shelf. Cook (1979a, b), Cook and

Hughes (1980), and Hughes and Cook (1981) have portrayed the

cross shelf and slope monthly thermal structure along a transect

running southeastward out of New York City for the years 1976

through 1979. Judkins et al. (1980) reported on the composition,

abundance, and distribution of zooplankton over a yearly cycle in

the New York Bight.

In order to increase our understanding of the interaction between

plankton, the environment, and the living marine resources, the

Ship of Opportunity-Ocean Monitoring Program (SOOP) of the

U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service in January 1976 began

conducting monthly sampling for surface salinity, water column

I Northeast Fisheries Center Atlantic Environmental Group, National Marine Fish·

eries Service, NOAA, RR 7, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882.

temperature, and plankton at 10 m along a transect running

southeastward from New York harbor to approximately lat.

38° 30' N, long. 72°00' W. This route is one of several monitored

monthly by the SOOP. The plankton sampling effort is part of a

cooperative agreement with the Institute for Marine Environmental

Research of the United Kingdom to extend their more than 35-yr

standardized plankton survey into the western North Atlantic.

Previous descriptions of the biology and ecology resulting from

this study may be found in Smith and Marrero (1976) and Smith

and Jossi (1979). This paper reports on the first 2 yr of plankton

variations along one transect of this extended coverage, and

includes data from other sources which are relevant to these

variations.

METHODS

Plankton Sampling

Net phytoplankton and zooplankton at a depth of 10 m from the

waters overlying the continental shelf and slope were collected

from ships of opportunity by towing Hardy Continuous Plankton

Recorders (CPR's) (Hardy 1939; Fig. 1) along routes lying within

the envelope shown in Figure 2.

A continuous record of the plankton retained by the sampler

is obtained along the track of the ship at one sampling depth,

This record is cut into 18.5 km (10 nmi) sections (herein termed

"samples") with times, dates, and positions calculated for their

centerpoints. Water passing through the CPR is filtered with

bolting silk having mean aperture dimensions of 225 x 234 JLm.

The CPR mesh size allows most phytoplankton to pass through.

Therefore, the samples are quantitative for only the largest members

of the phytoplankton, and those taxa whose chains, horns, spines,

setae, or gelatinous sheaths or threads cause them to become entangled in the silk fibers. Abundances of these quantitative taxa
A

are not additive because the retention rates vary with their sizes and

shapes. However, the retention rate of each of these taxa is constant

enough to show the timing of events at 10m, and often in the entire

mixed layer. The qualitative taxa in the samples are valuable in

establishing the presence of exotic specimens along the transect.

They also assist in defining the temporal and spacial distribution of

these forms.

Phytoplankton Examination

PROPELLER SHAFT COVERING SILK

"~~~~::::=~~~ ~(@' NOSiuNNEL

B w,,""'~~:~:~:~" PLANKTON. BETWEEN TWO SILK BANDS,

STORED IN TANK OF FORMALIN

Figure 1.-The Hardy continuous plankton recorder, A. Seen from the left rear.

B. Section showing the paths of the seawater and plankton and the two bands of

bolting silk.

380 -A..--.,.....-------r--------,-----.&-

Figure 2.- The New York Bight with an envelope including the routes along

which Hardy continuous plankton recorder samples and expendable hathyther,

mograph and sea surface salinity data were collected, January 1976 to January

1978. lsobaths indicate depths in fathoms.

2

Phytoplankton taxa were identified by examination of 20

microscopic fields (approximately l/6,986th aliquot) distributed

randomly across the sample. The number of occurrences of each

taxon per 20 fields was converted to the number of that taxon in the

20 field aliquot by a statistical method of Colebrook (1960).

Finally, an aliquot factor was applied to calculate the number of

phytoplankton per liter of water filtered.

Beginning with the May 1977 data, a crude, but potentially useful, estimate of total phytoplankton was employed. It involved

comparing the intensity of green color on the sections of filtering

silk with a set of three color standards (Colebrook and Robinson

1961). Average values for the categories (very pale green, pale

green, and green) were in the ratios of 1 to 2 to 6.5. We determined these relative numerical values for the period May 1977-

January 1978.

Zooplankton Examination

Zooplankton were examined from both the filtering silk and the

covering silk (Fig. 1). Most of the zooplankton are retained in a

quantitative manner. Exceptions are nauplii, copepodites, and

small adult copepods (Farranula, Oncaea, Corycaeus, Oithona,

and other small or gelatinous plankton). All the larger zooplankton

(~ 2 mm) in the sample were identified and their numbers were

recorded by abundance categories. Estimates of the mean abundances of these categories are reported here. This method is

described by Colebrook (1960). The same method was applied to

counts of smaller zooplankton « 2 mm) seen in an aliquot

(approximately l/45th) of the sample (actual aliquot fraction

depended on the rate of silk advance through the CPR during each

tow).

Temperature and Salinity Measurements

Expendable bathythermograph probes (XBT's) were dropped

and surface water samples were collected for salinity determination

at approximately 18 km intervals. Sea surface salinity/XBT transects were occasionally made at times in addition to those when the

CPR was towed.

Contoured vertical temperature profiles were prepared from XBT

traces by Cook (1979a, b), Cook and Hughes (1980), and Hughes

and Cook (1981). Plankton sample locations were plotted on these

temperature profiles to determine the samples' relation to water

mass boundaries, slope water intrusion, and shelf water entrainment

around eddies. Sample temperatures (the 10 m temperatures of the

sample center positions) were read from the XBT traces. If an XBT

drop was not made at a sample center position, then a 10 m temperature was linearly interpolated from adjacent XBT drops.

A sea surface salinity value of 34.5:1'00 was used as a boundary to

distinguish the fresher shelf water from the more saline slope water.

If a salinity sample was not taken at a plankton sample center position, then a salinity value was obtained by linearly interpolating

from adjacent observations.
Satellite imagery, as portrayed by the U.S. Navy Oceanographic

Office in the weekly Experimental Ocean Frontal Analysis 2 charts,

also was used to help determine the positions of the shelf water/

slope water front and Gulf Stream eddies.

RESULTS

Appendix Tables 1-20 list plankton abundance from all analyzed

samples arranged by month. The water masses, sea surface salinities, and iO m temperatures are listed for each sample where available. Table 21 names the plankton taxa sampled in this survey.

Monthly abundance of selected net phytoplankton taxa in shelf

and slope water is shown in Figures 3 and 4, and monthly abundance

of copepods in shelf and slope water is shown in Figure 5. Monthly

abundance of tropical and subtropical zooplankton is compared

with the occurrence of Gulf Stream eddies adjacent to the continental shelf in Figure 6.

Effects of Warm Core Gulf Stream Eddies on Plankton

The greater occurrence of eddies in 1977 corresponded with more

frequent occurrence of tropical and subtropical net phytoplankton

taxa (Table 22). In 1976, there were three such occurrences in shelf

water and three in slope water, while in 1977 such taxa occurred in

these water masses 27 and 17 times, respectively.

2000

a:: 1000

w 600 -..J

"- 400

0

Z

200

Z

0

f- 100 Y:

Z

<l: 60 -..J

Cl. 40

0

f-

>-

I 20

a.

f- lO w

Z

5

0

J IF IMIAIMI J IJ IAI SIOINID J IFIMIAIMIJ IJ IAISelNID J

-

--B/ddulphio a/lemons

- 0····0 Cosc/fwdiseus spp.

0- --0 Th%ss/osiro spp

-

-

-

r:? - 'i 0

I 0 0 '. . . ,I : '0 - \ .' I

\ - \ j~ 0 ,~~ R': \ :I I: : (

\ :, 6 1\:. ,.. - 1 ;' 6 I 10 : ,.. \ :/ I \ : : 0 : ,: :/ \ ¢ \ : I ;1 \ - 1 \ I 1: T '. \ 1 \ 1 I: :'1 l: I '. I p\ i I ~\ ,:: - '.1

\~ /: \ /0 0 I );: --!"/': -:::~. .Y: J;( :f ;.(' ;>--...

I I I l I l I I I I I I I r-I I I l' II I

1976 1977

2U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office. 1977 and 1978. Experimental Ocean Frontal

Analysis_ Unpub!. manuscr., 14 and 21 December 1977 and 15 February 1978, , p.

each. Fleet Applications, NSTL Station, Bay St. Louis, MS 39522.

Figure 4.-Monthly mean abundance of the net phytoplanktonic diatoms Biddulphia allemans, Coscinodiscus spp., and Thalassiosira spp. in continuous

plankton recorder samples taken from the New York Bight shelf water, January

1976 to January 1978. Note break in abundance scale.

1977 78

..-- SHELF WATER

• - .. SLOPE WATER

1976

6000

4000

2000

1000

800

,., 600 E

rt> 400

a:

UJ

ll. 200

a:

UJ

lD 100 :,;

::l 80

Z 60

40

20

1977

JFMAMJJASONDJ

1976

5

2000

-- Cerolium !!.ipos 1000 a:: 0- -0 Th%ssionemo ntlzschiOldes

W

f- 600 Rhizoso/ema 0/010

0 .. ··0 .J f. a/ala

"- 400

0

Z

200

Z

0

f- 100 Y:

Z

<l: 60 -..J

a. 40

0

f-

>-

I 20 a.

f- : W 10 Z

TIME IN MONTHS

Figure 3.-Monthly mean abundance of the net phytoplanktonic dinoflagellate

Ceralium tripos, and diatoms ThaJassionema nitzschioides and Rhizosolenia alala

f. alata in continuous plankton recorder samples taken from the New York Bight

shelf water, January 1976 to January 1978. Note break in abundance scale.

Figure S.-Monthly mean abundance of copepods in continuous plankton

recorder samples taken from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, January

1976 to January 1978.

3
18 19

. ;'.

'h'.-

~SHt:LF WATER

r.:::~!MIXEJ EDDY/Sl_UPEI, /

t.i.:..:.·.~.j SHELF WATER .:' I IGUL~ STREAM ;:, ,8

. EDDY WATER '( \,/ IiI

20KM

,---I

i I~-~M t,-J j

L

300

(j)

0:::

W 200

fW

I

f11..

W

o

'" en '" u LO '" '" v

SURFACE SALINITY __ '" r--; '" 0

'" '" '" (()

N N N r<i <i .0 t() .0

'" '" '" '" '" '" '" '" STATION NUMBER-- I 2 3 4 5 6 7 B

a

lac

14

tripos concentrations, and a longer duration of what appears to

be its spring bloom during that period in 1976 than 1977 (Fig. 3).

Ceratium tripos increased during another episode of offshore

transport in August 1977.

Two phytoplankton maxima that corresponded with wind induced mixing events were I) the August 1976 Thalassionema and

Rhizosolenia maxima which were recorded 4 d after the passage

over the transect (JO August 1976) of Hurricane Belle, and 2) the

August 1977 C. tripos maxima which began about the time of the

passage of a cold front which caused mixing of surface water with

some of the subthermocline cold pool (Cook I979b) , and continued

during the above-mentioned period of offshore Ekman transport in

August 1977.

Wind induced currents altered the distribution of tropicalsubtropical plankton after eddies had injected it onto the shelf. In

December 1977, (Table 19, Fig. 8), there was a relatively high

concentration of tropical-subtropical zooplankton 072/3m3

) in

sample no. 3 which was collected from the Hudson Shelf Valley.

This was 93 km (=50 nmi) inshore of the highest concentration

(sample no. 8 = 701/3m3 ) collected from the tongue of mixed

eddy-slope-shelf water sampled in the same month. We believe that

these tropical and subtropical plankton were transported by a

bottom current moving up the Hudson Shelf Valley in response to

Figure 7.-Sea surface salinity (%0) and water column temperature CC) distribution along a transect running southeastward from Ambrose Light, N.Y., 19-20

November 1977. A Gulf Stream eddy is seen pushing warm water onto the shelf

and 15°C water occupies the portion of the Hudson Shelf Valley transected.

(Modified from Cook 1979b.)

Effects of Wind Events on Plankton

Wind induced offshore Ekman transport, which can cause

upwelling, corresponded generally with the unusual timing of two

of the phytoplankton maxima shown in Figure 3. Mean monthly

Ekman transport data (Fig. II) show a greater magnitude of offshore transport (upwelling) during May to July 1976 than for the

same period of 1977. This coincides with much higher Ceratium

Gulf Stream eddies injected tropical and subtropical zooplankton

into the shelf water. Figure 7 shows an intrusion of eddy water and a

mixing of eddy-slope-shelf water at about 45 m in November 1977.

Figure 8 shows another eddy pushing 13° and 14°C water onto the

shelf in December 1977. CPR sample no. 8 (Table 19) was collected

from the tongue of 13°C water at a depth of 10 m. It contained more

tropical-subtropical zooplankton (701/3m3 ) than any other shelf

water sample (372/3m3 or less) during December. This suggests

that at least some ofthe tropical-subtropical zooplankton in the shelf

water in this month came from this tongue of mixed eddy-slopeshelf water (see Table 22 for a Iist of tropical-subtropical plankton).

Tropical-subtropical zooplankton (Fig. 6) occurred in shelf water in

every season, primarily during or after the passage of Gulf Stream

eddies along the shelf break. These eddy water intrusions appear

to be an important mechanism for altering the biota of the shelf

environment.

Gulf Stream eddies are also shown removing shelf water from the

continental shelf at the surface in Figures 9 and 10 and at depths to

40 m in Figures 8 and 10. One would expect that shelf water plankton would likewise be removed by this entrainment, and that slope

or eddy water intrusions might occur to replace the lost shelf water.

We found the shelf water copepod Calanus jinmarchicus in these

entrainment features at abundances ranging from one- to two-thirds

of the maximum abundance of this species in shelf samples during

these months.

300

200

100

80

.. 60

e

It) 40

It:

loJ

Q. 20

It:

loJ

m

2

:;)

Z

4

2

Figure 6.-Monthly mean abundance of tropical-subtropical zooplankton in

continuous plankton recorder samples taken from the New York Bight shelf and

slope water, January 1976 to January 1978. Occurrence of Gulf Stream eddies at

the edge of the continental shelf, Oecember 1975 to January 1978, is shown by

the bars along the horizontal 2.xis.

4
Figure 9.-Hardy continuous plankton recorder, expendable bathythermograph, and sea surface salinity transect, 17-18 December 1977, shown in relation

to a composite of the surface water masses of 14 and 21 December 1977. (Modified

from U.S. Naval Oceanograph;~ Office.) Note the tongues ofshelf water extending

offshore to the east of eddy 77-1 and 77D.

I---l

20KM

f----i

10 NM

~SHELF WATER

[::"::''':':'jMIXED SHELF/SLOPE/

::".' -::: ... EDDY WATER

_ GULF STREAM

EDDY WATER

HUDSON

100 SHELF

VALLEY

300

200

400

I

f0...

W

o

(j)

Cl:

W

fW

"" N .,., en r- r- r-N <Xl .,., en N <Xl "" r<)en

SURFACE SALINITY-- of of

'" to of to WLO r<) r<) '" '" '" '" "'''' STATION NUMBER- I 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 10 II 12

0

16

Figure 8.-Sea surface salinity (%0) and water column temperature CC) distribution along a transect running southeastward from Ambrose Light, N.Y., 17-18

December 1977. A Gulf Stream eddy is seen pushing l3°C water onto the shelf.

Relatively warm water occupies the portion of the Hudson Shelf Valley transected. (Modified from Cook 1979b.)

o

'""

'"9

~SHELF WATER

f'<1 MI XED SHELFI ..' '. .... SLOPE WATER

c:=JSLOPE WATER

rmnmn GULF STREAM

llillilillJ EDDY WAT ER

20KM IONM

f-------\ 1--------4

400

100

(J)

Cl::

W

f- 200

W

2

I

fD...

W 300 0

r- <Xl r- 0 ill '" '" 0

SALINITY_ ill '" '" <t r- :g '" SURFACE N ,..; ".; ,..; '" ".;

'" '" '" '" '" '" '" '" STATION NUMBER_ I 3 4 5 6 7 8

a

Figure 10.-\\\tter column temperature (0C) distribution along a

transect running southeastward from Ambrose Light, N.Y., on 12

February 1978 showing mass ofshelf water < 10°C seaward of a Gulf

Stream eddy. The inset shows the areal distribution of water masses

on 16 February. (Modified from U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office.)

5
80° 75° 70° 65° 80° 75° 70° 65°

45°

30°

25°

II I I I! I I I I I

1000 METRIC TONS/sEC/KM

MONTHLY EKMAN TRANSPORT

1977

45° 45°

25°

30° \ 1 I I I I ! ! I I I1000 METRIC TONS/sEC/KM

MONTHLY EKMAN TRANSPORT

1976 25°

45°

40°f- .. '.'-./ EB400 N 700 W

40° 40° EB400 N 700 W

-140° I I

JAN DEC JAN DEC

I"fl /P7'~\"

35°f- . . :.:;;..r --135° 35°~ .. :;.~ -135°

0\

80° 75° 70° 65° 80° 75° 70° 65°

Figure Il.-Monthly mean Ekman transports for lat. 40o N, long. 700W during 1976 and 1977. (From Ingham 1979a, b.)
northwest winds. From current meter data, Han 3 reports that such a

current begins from as far offshore as the 60 m isobath and moves at

speeds up to 20 cm/s. Nelson et al. (1978) also discussed this

current in the upper Hudson Shelf Valley. Other evidence for this

current having moved relatively warm, saline eddy or slope water

containing tropical and subtropical plankton across the shelf is the

increase of bottom temperatures from J1° to 15°C between October

and November 1977 (Figs. 12, 7), and the rise in shelf water sea

surface salinities from an average of 32.69%. in November 1977 to

an average of 34.22j1oo in December 1977 (Figs. 7, 8). Neither the

temperature nor the salinity increases can be solely attributed to

fall overturn since bottom temperatures increased in November to

values greater than any in the water column in October, and shelf

water salinities sufficient to cause the measured salinity changes

would be extremely rare. In December 1977 the Hudson Shelf

Valley current transported tropical-subtropical plankton to within

30 km of Ambrose Light. This was 137 to 165 km shoreward of the

surface expression of the eddies which were present during

November and December. When other water masses are present in

the shelf valley, other taxa would be expected to be transported

cross-shelf by this mechanism.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher abundances of net phytoplankton in shelf water coincided

with wind-induced offshore Ekman transport and with windinduced mixing events. Two midsummer net phytoplankton

maxima followed wind-induced mixing resulting from the passage

of a cold front and Hurricane Belle.

Tropical-subtropical plankton were captured over the shelf

primarily during and after the passage of Gulf Stream eddies.

Eddies brought them over the mid- to outer-shelf, and onshore

transport of water up the Hudson Shelf Valley distributed them

further inshore. These data support the conclusion of Cox and

Wiebe (1979) that tropical plankton in the Middle Atlantic Bight

come from Gulf Stream eddies. The Hudson Shelf Valley probably

also funnels outer-shelf plankton inshore when there is no Gulf

Stream eddy water in the outer valley.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 'G. Han, Oceanographer, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological

Laboratories, 15 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, pers. commun. 27

October 1980.

Figure 12.-Sea surface salinity (100) and water column temperature (0C) distribution along a transect running southeastward from Amhrose Light, N.Y., 20

October 1977. Note the < HOC water in the portion of the Hudson Shelf Valley

transected. (Modified from Cook 1979b.)

We thank the staffs of the U.S. Coast Guard, Atlantic Area,

Marine Services Division, the U.S. Coast Guard Oceanographic

Unit, and the officers and crews of the Coast Guard cutters Dallas,

Gallatin, Tamaroa, and Morganthau. Also, we are indebted to the

Sea Education Association, the officers and crew of their research

vessel Westward, and the owners, officers, and crews of the tugs

Crusader and Port Jefferson.

We also wish to thank Steven Cook and Robert Benway for their

skillful handling of the logistics ofthe Ship of Opportunity Program

and Merton Ingham and John Colton for their guidance in the

preparation of the manuscript.

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1981. On estuarine and continental shelf circulation in the Middle Atlantic

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BOWMAN, M. J., and L. D. WUNDERLICH.

1977. Hydrographic properties. MESA New York Bight Atlas Monograph I,

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1960. Continuous plankton records: Methods of analysis, 1950-59. Bull.

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COLEBROOK, J. M., and G. A. ROBINSON.

1961. The seasonal cycle of the plankton in the North Sea and the north-eastern

Atlantic. J. Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer 26: 156-165.

COOK, S. K

1979a. Water column thermal structure across the shelf and slope southeast of

Sandy Hook, New Jersey, in 1976. /11 J. R. Goulet, Jr. and E. D. Haynes

(editors), Ocean variability in the U.S. Fishery Conservation Zone, 1976, p.

231-257. U.S. Dep. Cammer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 427.

1979b. Water column thermal structure across the shelf and slope southeast of

Sandy Hook, New Jersey, USA, in 1977. Ann. BioI. 34:14-21.

COOK, S. K., and M. M. HUGHES.

1980. Water column thermal structure across the shelf and slope southeast of

Sandy Hook, New Jersey, USA, in 1978. Ann. BioI. 35: 14-25.

COX, J., and P. H. WIEBE.

1979. Origins of oceanic plankton in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Estuarine

Coastal Mar. Sci. 9:509-527.

CUPP, E. E.

1943. Marine plankton diatoms of the west coast of North America. Univ.

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FLEMINGER, A., and K. HULSEMANN.

1977. Geographical range and taxonomic divergence in North Atlantic Calallus,

j

.'

12

(j) 200 0::

W

fW

2

I

f0... 300 W

0

SHELF WATER .'

'.

(":·.:::':>]MIXED SHELF/ <.

400 V :'...... EDDY WATER '.,

_GULF STREAM

EDDY WATER "

10 NM f---------1

500 I-----i

20 KM .' 6-

aJ r- 0 r- 0> 0> 0> r- (\J 0 <7 r- aJ

'" on r- <Xl 0) aJ on <7 SURFACE SALI NITY_ <i N N (\J (\J (\J '" ,,; <i tri (\J '" '" '" '" '" '" '" '" '" '" STATION NUMBER- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II

0

100

7
(c. helgolandicus, C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis). Mar. BioI. (Berl.)

40:233-248

GOSNER, K. L.

1971. Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates. Cape

Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. Wiley-Intersci., N.¥., 693 p.

GROSS, M. G., R. L. SWANSON, and H. M. STANFORD.

1976. Man's impact on the middle Atlantic continental shelf and the New York

Bight-Symposium summary. In M. G. Gross (editor), Middle Atlantic

Continental Shelf and the New York Bight, p. 1-13. Am. Soc. Limnol.

Oceanogr., Spec. Symp. 2.

GROSSLE1N, M. D., and T. AZAROVITZ.

In press. Fish distribution. MESA New York Bight Atlas Monograph 15.

New York Sea Grant Inst., Albany.

HAN, G., and T. IEDRAUER.

1981. Hydrographic observations and mixing processes in the New York Bight,

1975-1977. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26: 1126-1141 .

HANSEN, D. V.

1977. Circulation. MESA New York Bight Atlas Monograph 3, 24 p. New

York Sea Grant Inst., Albany.

HARDY, A. C.

1939. Ecological investigations with the continuous plankton recorder: Object,

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HENDEY, N. I.

1964. An introductory account of the smaller algae ofthe British coastal waters,

Part V: Bacillariophyceae (diatoms). Minist. Agric., Fish., Food, Fish.

Invest. Ser. IV, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Lond., 317 p.

HUGHES, M. M., and S. K. COOK.

1981. Water column thermal structure across the shelf and slope southeast of

Sandy Hook, New Jersey in 1979. Ann. BioI. 36: 15·25.

INGHAM, M. C.

1979a. Marine environmental conditions off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the

United States, January 1977-March 1978. Mar. Fish. Rev. 41 (5-6):35-47.

1979b. Wind driven transport Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico. In J. R.

Goulet, Jr. and E. D. Haynes (editors), Ocean variability in the U.S. Fishery

Conservation Zone, 1976, p. 175-208. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech.

Rep. NMFS Circ. 427.

JUDKINS, D. C., C. D. WIRICK, and W. E. ESAIAS.

1980. CompoSition, abundance, and distribution of zooplankton in the ew

York Bight, September I974-September 1975. Fish. Bull., U.S. 77:669-683.

8

MALONE, T C.

1977. Plankton systematics and distribution. MESA New York Bight Atlas

Monograph 13, 45 p. New York Sea Grant Inst., Albany.

McHUGH,J. L., andJ. J. C. GlNTER.

1978. Fisheries. MESA New York Bight Atlas Monograph 16, 129 p. New

York Sea Grant Inst., Albany.

NELSON, T. A., P. E. GADD, and T L. CLARKE.

1978. Wind-induced current flow in the upper Hudson Shelf Valley. J.

Geophys. Res. 83:6073-6082.

OWRE, H. B., and M. FOYO.

1967. Copepods of the Florida Current with illustrated keys to genera and

species. Fauna Caribaea, No. I, Crustacea, Part I: Copepoda. Univ. Miami,

Coral Gables, Fla., 137 p.

PAULSEN, O.

1908. Peridinales. [In Ger.] In Nordisches Plankton, Botanischer Teil 18, p.

1-124. Lipsius & Tischer, Kiel.

ROSE,M.

1933. Copepodes pelagiques. Faune Fr. 26, 374 p.

SMITH, D. E., and J. W. JOSSI.

1979. Continuous plankton records: Zooplankton and net phytoplankton in the

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Ocean variability in the U.S. Fishery Conservation Zone, 1976, p. 337-

348. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 427.

SMITH, D. E., and R. MARRERO.

1976. Continuous plankton records: the 1976 Ceratium tripos bloom in the

Mid-Atlantic Bight. Presented at the Interagency Plankton Workshop concerning the Oxygen Depletion and Associated Environmental Disturbances in

the Middle Atlantic Bight in 1976. Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory,

Columbia University, Palisades, N.Y., 19 November, 1976.

WILLE, N.

1908. Schizophyceen. In Nordisches Plankton, Botanischer Teil 20, 29 p.

Lipsius & Tischer, Kiel.

WILSON, C. B.

1932. The copepods of the Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. U.S. Natl.

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WOOD, E. J. F.

1968. Dinoflagellates of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas. Univ. Miami

Press, Coral Gables, Fla., 143 p.

YENTSCH, C. S.

1977. Plankton production. MESA New York Bight Atlas Monograph 12,

25 p. New York Sea Grant Inst., Albany.
Table l.-Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 26-27 January 1976.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the al iquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

sample no. 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 xSH xSL

position

north latitude degs. & mins. 40-19 40-03 39-45 39-28 39-13 39-01 38-49 38-32

west longitude degs. & mins. 73-41 73-25 73-14 72-59 72-43 72-23 72-02 71-48

watermass SH SH SH SL SL SL SL SL

day or night 0 N N N N N N N

10 m temperature (OC) 4.4 4.8 7.9 13.2 13.6 13.5 sea surface salinity (0/00) 31.8 33.2 33.6 35.1 35.7 35.6

phytoplankton color * * * * * * * * Bacillariophyceae

Centricae

Chaetoceros Hyalochaete spp. 37 9

CoscinodiscuS-Spp-.---- 37 18 + 18 14 5

Hemiaulus spp. + + Skeletonema costatum 130 56 47 Thalassiosi~~ spp. 56 279 37 74 + 112 + Penna tae

Asterionella glacial is 18 37 14

Nitzschia seriata 186 223 102

ThalaSSTOnema nifzschioides 297 1115 223 74 18 427 5

Dinophyceae

Ceratium macroceros + + C. td pos 37 18 + + 14 + SiTicoflagellata 37 37 + 19 +

Copepoda

naupl i i 77 19

Calanoida

Acartia tonsa 38 9.5

Calanus finmarchicus I-IV + + C. finmarchTCUsv:vT 2 1 .5 .25

C. minor 1 .25 .25

Centropaqes typicus + + + 33 + 9.5

Clausocalanus spp. 38 9.5 ~JJ-chaeta_ norvegi ca 1 .25 ~'etri di a 1ucens 2 2 4 2 .25 2.5

11esocaianustenui corn is 1 .25

Paracalanus spp:-v-- 38 9.5

Paracalanus-Pseudocalanus I-V 77 + 19

Pleuromannna abdomina 1is 1 .25 ~. 9!.2.-c il is 3 2 4 4 3.25 ~. ~j21~ 1 .25

Pseudocalanus minutus VI 38 9.5

P. minutusl~V--- 38 9.5

c:Yc 1oporda- Qi1ll0~ spp. 77 77 38 48

Euphausiacea

juveniles «8 mm) .25

adults (0:8 mm) .75

Chae togna tha 2il mm .25 .25

fish larvae r~yctophidae

~idophanes guentheri .5

9
Table 2.-Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 17-18 April 1976.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample, but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

sample no. 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 xSH

position

north latitude degs. & mins. 40-72 40-13 40-05 39-49 39-41 39-33 39-26 39-18 39-03

west longitude degs. & mins. 73-43 73-35 73-28 73-13 73-05 72-57 72-48 72-40 42-23

watermass SH SH SH SH SH SH SH SH SL

day or night D D D D D D D D D

10 m temperature (OC) * * * * * * * * * sea surface salinity (0/00) * * * * * * * * * phytoplankton color * * * * * * * * * Bacillariophyceae

Centricae

Coscinodiscus spp. + + Dinophyceae

Ceratium ~~ + + +

f. tripos 390 1673 1673 1673 1673 1673 1673 1673 1673 1513

Dinophysis norveqica + + + + + + + +

Protoperidinium spp. + + + + + +

Protozoa

Forami ni fera 115

Coelenterata + + + Cladocera

Evadne spp. 77 38 14

Podon spp. 154 19

Copepoda

naupl i i 38 38 5

Calanoida

Acartia spp. 115 77 38 29

Cal anus finmarchicus I-IV 77 77 77 260 77 63 ~finmarchicus V-VI 2 2 2 52 .75 rentro~~ j:ypicus 192 38 616 115 1193 2051 962 77 66

Clausocalanus spp. 77

Euch-j re llaro"stra ta 3

Metridia fucens 66

Paracalanus-Pseudocalanus

I-V 154 1886 231 38 38 77 38 303

Pleuromamma ~cilis 2

Pseudocalanus minutus VI 115 1" 5 38 115 115 1150 206

Cyclopoida

Oithona spp. 38 154 77 24

Cirripedia

1arvae 38 5

Amphipoda 5

Hyperiidea .13

Gallimaridea .13

Decapod larvae 3 35 4.9

Euphausiacea ca lyptopi s 38

juvenile <8 mm 7

adults .>..8 mm 6

Mollusca

Lamellibranchiata 115 14

Thecosomata 38 77 77 1655 2232 4233 1116 154 1179

Chaetognatha

<8 mm 38 4.8

>8 mm 5

Larvacea 38 4.8

10
Table 3.-P1ankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 14-15 May 1976.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the

sample, but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

sample no. 3 5 7 xSH

position

north latitude degs. & mi ns. 39-00 39-19 39-39 39-57

west longitude degs. & mins. 72-37 72-53 73-09 73-24

water mass SH SH SH SH

day or night 0 D D D

10 m temperature (OC) * * * * sea surface sal inity (0100) * * * *

phytoplankton color * * * * Dinophyceae

Ceratium fusus + C. llneatu--m-- + t. 1cing"fpes" + C. trTp·os- 2091 2091 2091 2091 2091

[~!l.9JlhysTs norveg i ca +

f:.rpJ.9"perijli nium spp. +

Siphonophora + + Polychaeta

Tomopteri s spp. 2 .5

Coj:iepodiJ---

Ca1anoida

Ca1anus finmarchicus I-IV 289 144 48 120

C-:--niiiiia rchu·us·-v-=VT 6 6 3

Centrap"ages t:ypicus 289 818 96 289 373

Metr1Cf;ii-l ucens.--- 3 .75 ParaeaTiJ-n uWseudoc a1anus I-V 1684 818 289 144 734

fiseudc)caTa-nusriiTnufus"VT 289 289 144 48 193

Tenlora-lonqlcorniS- 43 48 289 96

cY·c-lopoi d-a~----

Oi thona 96 289 144 96 625

Deci!podiJ1a rvae 17 6 17 10

Sergest idae Luci fer spp. 6 1.5

f1ys i dacea --- 1 .25

Mollusca

Thecos Oilia ta 3608 3608 3608 2706

Chaetognatha

<811m 48 96 36

>8 111I11 4 1.0

Fish eggs (tota 1) 35 3 6 11

Scombridae

Scoillber scombrus 6 1.5

Fis-h·"Grvae

[loth i dae

?~il."l_~!:!..!~2 ~~n.9~ .25

II
Table 4.-Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 16-17 June 1976.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances: phytoplankton,

number per liter; zooplankton, number 3 cubic meters. Organis~s observed in the sample but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

40-02 39-46 39-29 39-13 38-58 38-48 38-37

73-26 73-11 72-57 72-42 72-25 72-03 71-42

SH SH SH SH SH/SL SL SL

N NOD 0 N N

* *

+ 46

23

+

6

6

12

12

iSL

17

52

6

6

23

29

iSH

*

23

46

+

*

15 17

38-24 38-12

71-22 71-02

SL SL

D 0

* * * *

+

*

*

*

23

13

+

*

*

*

23

11

23

9

*

*

*

46

23

*

*

*

93

70

23

5

*

***

3

70 139

23

*

*

*

+

46

sample no. position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (ec)

sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Bacillariophyceae

Centricae

Chaetoceros Hyalochaete spp.

Rhizosolenia alata f. alata

R. alata f. indica

R. hebetata ~ispina

Pennatae

Thalassionema nitzschioides

Dinophyceae

Ceratium fusus ~. lripos--

Ox toxum scolopax

Silicoflagellatae

17 6

289 96 289

48

96 289

144 96 48

817 144

96 48 96

6 35 6

Copepoda

Calanoida

Calanus finmarchicus V-VI

fandacora armata

tifriFoJ?~ 1Y:~ic_~ Mc.cynoc_~.!:~ .s:J~~sl

Metridia lucens PJracalanus~Pscudocalanus I-V ·P·le~rc.ima,iillla ~~cli i s --

Pseudocalanus minutus VI :f~loi~-iOn9}:corn~ - Cyclopoida

Oithona spp.

Decapodalarvae

Euphausiacea

juveniles «8 mm)

adults (~8 mm)

Mollusca

Theocosomata

Chaetognatha

<801m

L8 mm

6

35

3 3

35

48 1684

48

35 160

2

1

6

48

48

48

6

2

96

17

141\

6

+

6

75

48

6

6

17

48

1

17

3

96

17

6.0

.5

169

12 +

1.5

96 36

24

72

96

60 72

12

2.0 2

11 1.8

433

12

59 14.3

12
Table 5.--Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 5-6 July 1976.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*,, indicates that data are unavailable.

sample no. position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (OC) sea surface salinity (0/00)

~Iatermass

sample no. day or night

10 m temperature (OC) sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Bacillariophyceae

Cen tri cae Coscinodiscus spp. Ske"Tetonema c-ostatum

DinophyceaeCera ti um tri pos ------ --

3 5 7 9 xSH

40-20 40-04 39-48 39-32 39-15

73-41 73-26 73-11 72-55 72-40

SH SH SH SH SH

0 0 0 N N

* * * * * * * * * *

SH SH SH SH SH

1 3 5 7 9

0 0 0 N N

* * * * * * * * * *

* * * * *

21 4

21 4

84 439 1255 795 1255 766

« 8 mm) (~ 8 nln)

Copepoda

Calanoida

Calanus finmarchicus

centropages typi cus Metrl di a 1ucen-s--

Paracalanus~Pseudocalanus I-V

PseudocaTarius mirlUtus VI lemar-ill ong icoriilSCycTopoida-'----

Oi thona spp,

AI1I~

Ganllla r idea

Hyperi idae

Decapod 1arvae

Euphausiacea

juven i 1es adults

Chaetognatha

<8 nln

~8 nln

1515 3247

43

43

1515 1515

43

6 2

87

6

6 17 35 12

43 961

6 35 8.2

260 61

8.6

606

87 26

.20

6 1.2

2 2.0

2 .6

6 1.6

17

1.4

13
Table 6.-Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 14 August 1976.

HatermJsses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

sample no.

position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (ec)

sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Bacillariophyceae

Centricae

Rhizosolenia alata f. alata

~'ara.1argraci1'1 ima

R. hebefata r:-seii1TSP'lna

PennataeNitzschia seriata

ThiiTaSSiOnema nltzschioides

Dinopnyceae-- -------

Ceratium fusus f: trTpos--

2 3

40-19 40-11 40-04

73-39 73-30 73-22

SH SH SH

D D D

* * *

* * *

* * *

139 163 163

23 70

23

23 46

23 139

23

139 163 46

x SH

155

31

8

23

54

8

116

+ Coe 1en te ra taSiphonophora

Ostracoda

Penil ia spp.

CopepoaaCalanoida

Cal anus finmarchicus 1- IV

t--:-:n illila rch'1 c-usv--::vr ren lropii'~cs-Typicus

LabTd(iceraaesTi~

Pa racaliiri'us-'Pseudr)ca 1anus I- V 'pscucf6'cal'iin'usliiTil-Li'fus-vF

Icnioral onglConliS- Cycla-poida'-------.

Oithona spp,

Aliipn'ipodi!

Hyperi idea

Deca poda 1a rvae

Chaetogna tha (:~,8 mm)

48

144

17

818

96

2

1

48

2

1684

6

289

289

48

96

192

1

7696

818

818

48

96

35

6

14

+

16

128

6.7

3399

2.0

369

369

32

96

11. 7

3

.33
Table 7. -Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 23-24 October 1976.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

3 5 7 9 11

39-49 39-30 39-18 39-05 38-51 38-36

73-27 73-18 73-00 72-41 72-24 72-07

SH SH SH SL SL SL

N N N N N D

14.5 14.8 15.5 17 17.6 18.8

32.3 32.5 33.4 35.0 35.0 35.4

17

35 35

662 1568

35 35

6

23

29

11

6

6

6

35

58

12

23

17

11

6

6

6

70

xSL

17

755

23

75

29

6

12

46

35

17

58

29

+

xSH

*

17

17

35

17

52

17

*

17

35

17

17

17

17

35

35

35

52

*

35

52

17

17

35 17

17

17

17

35 122

*

35

17

52

17

70

+

35

70

35 52

52 105

17 17

*

35

35

35

52

*

17

52 105

17

174

sample no. position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (OC)

sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Bacillariophyceae

Centricae

Bacteriastrum spp.

Blddulphia alternans

Ch~~oceros .HYalochaete spp.

C. Phaeoceros spp.

Cos-cinodiscus spp.

Rhizosolenia alata f. alata

Jf.calca r-avi-s--

SkeTe1onemal:ostatum

ThaTaSs"i OSlraspp.- Pennatae----

Nitzschia seriata

Th a l.9_~~.i.CJ..t.bI_~~ lon 9!~ i ma T. frauenfeldii ThaTaSSl~na nitzschioides

Di nophyceae

Ceratiurn fusus

C-.-iii-acrocerbs

C. iiilfi-uTwnbJ!1~ip~tj_!5_ !1_orve.9j~_s.. Prorocen triml s pp.

Sincoflagelliltil

Coelenterata + + +

Cladocera

Penilia spp. 108 ~d_~n:spp. 37

Copepoda

Calanoida

Acartia spp. 36 36 108

CiiTimus finmarchicus I-IV 216 36 ~illrnarchicus V-VI 6

C. minor 2

Candacia armata 2 1

Cen.!.I::2.Rages !ypicus 216 216 613 +

Eucalanus monachus 1

Mecynoce;-;-a claus~

Paracalanus-Pseudocalanus I-V 613 216 216

P1~!!oll1~!llma grac i 1is

Cyclopoida

Corycaeus spp. 72

Oithona spp. 72

Oncaea spp. 216

HarpilCficoida 108

Amphipoda

Capre 11 idea

Hyperiidea 35

Decapoda

larvae

Sergestidae Lucifer spp.

Euphausiaceil

juveni les

adults (>8 mm) 1 2

Chaetogna fila ~8 mm 2 35 17 6

36

36

36

2

6

+ +

36

12

24 48

84

2

.67 .33

1

348 +

.33

12

348

.33

24

12

72

36

.67

12

.33

.33

.33

.33 .67

18 4

15
Table 8.-Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 9 November 1976.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

* * * * *

21

1882 586 125 209 21

21

21 21 63

21

40-12 39-58 39-44 39-30 39-16

73-34 73-15 72-57 72-39 72-21

SH SH SH SH SH

N N N N 0

* * * * * * * * * *

565

4

21

4

4

17

9

1.8

23

8

13

8

4

25

xSH

52

17

563

+

+

.4

147

1.2

17

.4

615

9

9

1

1706

.4

.2

9

2

+

+

2

43

43

6

6

6

130

+

2

260

2

7

42

6

2

35

63 21

21 21

63

21 21

87

736

2

1

736

43

2

1515

5

42

3

21

42

87

17 17

1

6 35 35

43

260 130 43

2

86

1

736 736 736

43

1

260 3247 3247

260

sample no. position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (OC) sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Bacillariophyceae

Centricae

~dd~Qhi~ alternans

Chaetoceros Hyalochaete spp.

Coscinodiscus spp.

Rhizosolenia calcar-avis

Skeletonema costat~

Thalassiosira~

Pennatae

Thalassionema nitzschioides

Thalassiothrix longissima

Oinophyceae

Ceratium fusus

C-:--masSll iense

siTicoflagellatae

Copepoda

Calanoida

Acartia spp.

tillanus finmarchicus I-IV

C-:-fTnmar:chicus V-VI

C. mTnor I-=TvC. Iiiinor V-VI

CanaacTa- armata I-IV

-c-:-'a-rriiafa-V-='V 1-

~~~t~~~[_HPiCUS

Mecynocera clausi

MetrliHa:l"ucensParacalanus-Pseudocalanus I-V

~leuromamma gracilis

Rhincalanus nasutus

Cyclopoida

Corycaeus spp. Olthona spp.

Oncaea ,s pp. Harpacticoida

Amphipoda

Hyperiidea

Euphausiacea «8 mm)

Chaetogna tha (:~.8 mm)

16
Table 9. - Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 12-13 January 1977.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

40-21 40-07 39-54 39-40 39-25 39-09

73-35 73-16 72-57 72-38 72-21 72-09

SH SH SH SH SL E

N N N N N N

* * * * * *

+ +

+ +

23 23 139 146

23

sample no. position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (OC) sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Baci11ariophyceae

Centricae

Coscinodiscus spp.

lliTeTOrlema cos ta tum

DinopnyceaeCeratium fusus

c:-macroceros

*

*

3

*

*

5

*

*

7

*

*

9

*

*

11

*

*

xSH

83

6

+

+

Copepoda

Ca 1anoi da

Ca1anus minor 17 r,--~n.lr9pages_ !~ 3608 3608 818

Metridia lucens 6

ParacaTanus:-PSeudoca 1anus I-V 818

J:liuro]llamma graclfls-- Rhinca1anus nasutus 2 CyC-iopol~ ------

Oi thona spp. 48

Alllr1i1[iocfa'

Hyper i idea 2 6

Eurllausiacea

juveni les «B mrn) 2 6

adu 1ts (~8 111111) 6

Mys i dacea

Cepha1oroda

Chaeto<jna tha >8 nlln 17 35

fish 1arvae 1

16

144

6 6

6

2

6 6

2

17

8

2045

3

205

1.5

.75

12

2

2.5

6 3

.25

.25

14

.25
...--...-'- ,-

Table 10.-Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 11 February 1977.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, nLmber per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

sample no. 3 5 7 9 11 xSH xSL

pasiti on north latitude degs. & mins. 40-21 40-04 39-48 39-32 39-15 39-04

west longitude degs. & mins. 73-42 73-27 73-12 72-57 72-42 72-33

watermass SH SH SH SL SL E

day or night N N N N N N

10 m temperature (OC) 0.0 1.3 4.1 8.5 9.9 12.2

sea surface salinity (0/00) 33.7 33.8 34.5 35.3 35.4 36.5

phytoplankton color * * * * * * * * Bacillariophyceae

Centricae

~haetoceros Hyalochaete spp. 35 105 18

Coscinodiscus spp. 209 627 105 70 366

Thalassiosira spp. 35 35 105 12 18

Silicoflagellatae 105 35

Siphonophora +

Copepoda

Calanoida

Ca lanus minor

Centropages typicus 1227 5411 433 409 2922

Pseudocalanus minutus VI 144 48

Temora turb i na ta 72

Amph i poda

Hyperiidea .5

18
Table ll.-Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 15-16 March 1977.

Wdtermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the al iquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

39-45 39-29 39-13 39-05

73-14 72-59 72-44 72-37

SH SH SH SL

N N N N

3.6 5.7 6.6 9.0

33.8 34.2 34.2 34.6

3848 3848

409 409

40-17 40-01

73-45 73-30

SH ,SH

o N

3.0 3.9

31.6 33.2

*

9

+

2

2

9

.6

.2

5

1.4

+

98

37

5

67

29

576

.6

948

.6

1679

173

xSH

*

12

12

48

10

48

46

48

48

144

+

144

58

163

*

9

+

+

+

12

58

116

24

144

144

24

144

144

*

7

2

12

+

46

+

48

244

35

+

3

842

3

409

*

5

+

+

6

12

48

46

186

35

1804

3

*

+

72

144

1804

24

24

1

144

144

sample no. position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night 10 m temperature (OC) sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Baci11ariophyceae

Cen tri cae Coscinodiscus spp.

Thalassiosira spp. Penna tae---

Tha1assionema nitzschioides

Tha1ass i othri x 1ongissima

Dinophyceae

Ceratium furca

C. fusus --

C. TTiie""atum

C. macroceros Q:i nopl!,l? i s spp. Protoperidinium spp.

Copepoda

nauplii

Calanoida

Calanus I-IV

C-:-({nilia rch icus V- VI

C:e.DIf~)p_a 9~~ !Y"Ql~_u_s_ Metridia lucens

-Pii-ra caTan Us::.-r'-s-cudoca 1anus I-V 144

Pseii"(i'o-ca-i iinuSiiiinutusVr 24

C)-era-po idd--- ----

~.gD'cae~~ spp. Oithona spp.

Amphlpoda

lIyperiidea

Decapoda

larvae

Euphausiacea

Calyptopis

Chaetognatha >8 mm

19
Table 12.-Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 16 April 1977.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a '+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

sample no. 3 5 7 9 11 xSH

position

north latitude degs. & mins. 40-18 40-02 39-47 39-32 39-16 39-01

west longitude degs. & mins. 73-45 73-28 73-12 72-55 72-39 72-23

watermass SH SH SH SH SH SL

day or night N D D D D D

10 m temperature (OC) 7.0 7.0 6.3 7.5 8.0 10.8 sea surface salinity (0/00) 30.9 31. 2 33.8 34.1 34.0 35.6

phytoplankton color * * * * * * Bacillariophyceae

Centri cae Cha~toceros Hyalochaete spp. 46 9

C. Phaeoceros spp. +

Coscinodiscus spp. 12 12 23 46 46 19

Thalassiosira- spp. 23 5

Dinophyceae

Ceratium fusus + + + 12 35 2

e:-tripos-- 35 + + 12 12 9

ProtoperTd i ni um spp. + +

Silicoflagellatae 35

Coelenterata

Si phonophora + other Coelenterata + +

Copepoda

nauplii 144 29

Ca 1anoi da

Ca 1anus finmarchi cus I-IV 144 409 1804 842 842 24 808

C:--flnmarchicus V-VI 17 75 75 75 17 48

C. minor --- 1 .2

fa lociiiln us spp. 24 5

ce~tro~es 144 842 409 144 144 308

Clausocalanus spp. 842 144 168

Melridiil-Tucens 1 1 1 1 .6

-Paracal"Inus-Pseudocalanus I-V 144 842 1804 1804 409 409 1001

Pseudocalanus minutus VI 144 409 842 409 409 + 443

Temoralon-gTcorni-s-- 48 144 38

I.. !=~b ina ta 24 5

Cyclopoida

Oithona spp. 842 409 144 144 144 24 337

Cirri pede

1arvae 144 + 29

Decapoda

1arvae 6 1.2

Euphausiacea

Calyptopis 24

juveniles (:~B mm) 17 .2

Cephalopoda .2

20
Table 13.-Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 5-6 May 1977.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the al iquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

40-20 40-05 39-51 39-36 39-21 39-07 39-06 38-53

73-48 73-31 73-13 72-56 72-38 72-21 72-18 72-02

SH SH SH SH SH SL SL SL

D D N N N N D D

9.5 9.5 9.2 10.4 15.4 15.3

* * * * * * * *

125 63

+ 21 + 42

146 335 21

21 +

21

sample no. position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (OC) sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Bacillariophyceae

Centricae

Chaeto.~eros Hyalochaete spr·

C. Phaeoceros spp. CoSClrloClTSCU$ spp.

Rhizosolenia alata f. alata

R. alata f. indica --

R. TmbrTcata~solei

Pennatae

Nitzschia seriata

Thalassionema nitzschioides

Dinophyceae

Ceratium furca

C. fusus

C. hei<"aCanthum

C. horridum

C. iTneatum

I. 10n91~ C. macroceros r. Y;:(pos- Ceratocor~ spp.

6.5

+

3

21

21

21

+

5

o

+

+

7

o

+

+

+

9

o

11

2

21

21

21

21

13

2

+

21

+

+

+

+

+

+

15

o

+

63

+

xSH

25

4

4

4

+

+

xSL

21

7

14

167

7

7

7

+

35

+

+

+

7

7

+

Coelenterata

Si phonophora

Other coelenterates

Polychaeta

Cladocera

Evadne spp.

Podon spp.

Ostracoda

Copepoda

nauplii

Calanoida

Cal anus finmarchicus i-IV

C. finmarchicus V-VI

'C'a naacTaT="rv--

c. armata V-VI

Candacia sp. centrOj?age ssp. Clausocalanus spp. VI

Eucalanusattenuatus

E. mucronatus MetrTd~podites I-IV

Metridia lucens V-VI Paracalanus~udocalanus

Pleuromamma I-IV

Pseudocalanus minutus VI

Rhincalanus nasutus

Temora TOiigicornTSI. stylifera

Cycloro ida Corycaeu~ spp.

Farranula gracilis

Oithona spr.

Oncaea spp.

SiiPPflTrina spp.

Harpacticoi da

Mac!osetella gracil is

Amphipoda

Hyreri idea

+

43

43

1 75

43 43

6

I-V 260 260

43 43

87 87

260 43

75

6

260

130

130

3

75 75

43 43

130

43

17 3

736 1515

260 736

43

43

87 130

21

+

+

260

75

43

736

1

3

260

130

2

+

736

2

+

1

+

3

260

130

6

736

736

260

43

43

130

736

260

1

87

+

43

75

43

3

260

1515

4

43

736

43

+

8.6

60

17

26

26

6.4

242

69

9

104

.8

+

+

.33

+

1.0

188

50

43

1

2

346

.33

.33

1

837

87

43

2

14

29

43

736

101

.33

29

+
Decapoda

1arvae 2 .67

Luc i fer spp. 1 .33

Euphauslacea

ca1yptopis 87 43 43.33

juveni l.es «8 IIUII) 6 2 6 6 1.6 4.33

adu1 ts (~8 nlln) 1 1 .2 .33

Chaetogna tha

<8 I1ITI 87 87 43 43 43 87 87 60.6 58

>8 nun 1 35 35 35 75 3 21.2 26

Larvacea 260 736 260 418.67

22
Table l4.-Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 20-21 July 1977.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

40-17 40-01 39-45 39-29 39-21 39-13 39-05 38-57

73-41 73-25 73-09 72-54 72-46 72-38 72-31 72-23

SH SH SH SH SH SH E SL

o 0 DON N N N

22.8 23.4 24.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 26.0 25.1

31.6 31.7 31.8 32.2 32.4 32.8 34.2 35.0

o 0 0 0 0 000

736

260

736

o

10

7

4

4

35

4

4

4

303

7

916

7

1.5

25

+

+

7

.17

433

.17

xSH

.33

1112

14

7

115

2.7

1

.83

.33

1609

2

42

42

21

21

42

21

84

11

43

43

86

2

6

43

1

43

43

260

43

260

6

4

1

1

2

21

84 42

21 21

21

43

10

43

43

260

260

+

+

9

3

21

42

21

63

260

43

129

3

3

1

1

260

1515

2

1515

1

260

1

+

+

3

8

21

21

35

736

736

736

1

2

1

260

+

+

+

7

21

42

2

75

43

43

736

129

43

6

3

2

736

3247

5

+

21

21

21

21

43

+

+

6 35

3

21

63

86

736 3247

736 736

260 260

736 6926

260 260

1 6

6

43

I-Yi

sample no. position

north latitude degs.& mins.

west longitude degs.& mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (DC) sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Bacillariophyceae

Centricae

Bacteriastrum spp.

Chaetoceros Hyalochaete

Rhizosolenia alata f. alata

R. calcar-avi-s----

R. hebetata f. semispina RhiZOSOlenla sp-.------

Thalassiosira spp. Pennatae---

Thalassionema nitzschioides

Dinophyceae

Ceratium furca

C. fusus r longipes

C. schroeteri

f:. tripos

Gonyaulax spp. fu!.i.!.~odinium spp.

Coe1en tera ta

Siphonophora

other Coelenterata

C1 adocera

Penil ia spp.

Copepoda

nauplii

Calanoida

Acartia spp.

Ca1anus finmarchicus I-IV ~lnmarchicus V-VI

C. minor -------

Ca ndaCla arma ta

Centropages bradyi

C.~ C1ausocalanus spp. Mecynocera c1ausi

t1etridia lucens Paracalan~udocalanus

Pleuromamna abdomina 1i s

P. gracilis

Pseudocalanus minutus VI

Rhincalanus nasutus

Temora I-IV

rtlirb ina ta

Cyclopoida

Farranula gracilis

Oi thona s pp. Oncaea spp.

Ci rri pede

larvae

Amphipoda

Hyperiidea

Decapoda

larvae

Euphausiacea

juvenile <8 mm adu1 t >8 mm Mysidacea

23
Stoma topo da

Chaetogna tha

<8 mill 129 86 129 260 129 101

>8 IIlIll 75 75 75 75 75 35 35 63

Larvacea 43 43 7

fi sh 1arvae 6 6 2

24
Table l5.-Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 31 August 1977.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the al iquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*,, indicates that data are unavailable.

sample no. 2 3 iSH

position

north latitude degs. & r,ri ns. 40-16 40-08 40-00

west longitude degs. & mins. 73-40 73-32 73-24

watermass SH SH SH

day or night 0 0 0

10 m temperature (OC) * * * sea surface sal inity (0/00) * * *

phytop 1ankton color 0 0 0 0

Bacillariophyceae

Centri cae Thalassiosira spp. 19 6

Rhizosolenia calcar-avis 37 12

Dinophycea-eCeratium fusus 74 56 56 62

C. 1ineatum- 19 37 37 31

c. !!2P.Os 56 74 37 56 ~_oi9cen trum. spp. 19 6

Cladocera

Penil ia spp. 73 24

Copepoda

Calanoida

Calanus finmarchicus V-VI 3 3 2

centropages- typi cus' + 73 24 r~e t r fd-iaTu-ce;;s--' .33

Pilrac·aTa'nus- Pseudoca 1anus I-V 73 24

Tis eliaocaTanus'iiiTiluTusVl- 146 49

leiimr-a-sTyTffera-' .33

Cycl'opoida----

Oithona spp. 36 36 24

Oricae-a-spp. 36 12

AmphTpoda

Hyperi idea .33

25
Table 16.~Plankton and environmental data frow the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 13-14 September 1977.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

40-21 40-08 39-55 39-41 39-28 39-14 39-08

73-37 73-18 72-58 72-39 72-20 72-01 71-51

SH SH SH SH SH SL SL

N N N N N 0 0

* * * * * * * * *

38

38

+

+

19

35

58

58

58

39

17

173

.5

.5

1.0

.5

.5

21

8

+

+

+

3.4

38

7.6

.2

15

31

46

17

3.2

5.0

1.75 0

7

19

4

37 10

22

19

4

4

7 19

+

10

37

26 10

10

11

10

11 10

8 10

19

4 10

44

4 10

45 19

15

xSH xSL

8

1126

69

.4

16

+

+

1

38

38

19

19

19

38-44

72-19

SH/E

D

23.5

35.23

o

6

2

38

+

17

38

77

19

19

19 19

37

13 14

39-01 38- 56

71-58 72-08

SL/SH SH

o 0

23.9 23.7

34.47 34.48

o 0

12

6

77

o

+

+

*

19

37

19

19

19

19

74

+

115

115

77

17

115

1

2

1

1

6

11

38

o

+

+

*

35

38

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

19

17

231

1

9

o

*

77

3

77

+

+

38

38

17

38

38

19

19

19

74

19

74

74

7

*

o

38

38

19

37

74

19

77

231

6

6

6

5

*

2

+

+

37

2

6

17

19

37

74

37

37

19 112

231

115

3

74

74

19

74

74

19

74

19

75

1

2

6.5 2

37

37

37 19

19

19

1347 2886

231 38

sample no. position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (OC) sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Cyanophyceae

Trichodesmium spp.

Bacillariophyceae

Centricae

Bacteriastrum spp.

Chaetoceros Hya 1ochaet_~ spP.

C. Phaeoceros spp.

Cosclnodiscus spp.

Rhizos01enia a1ata f. alata

R. calcar-avi-s----

R. hebetata f.- simi spina R. imbricata shrubs01ei

ThaTaSS~a spp.

Penna tae

Asterione11a ~a1 is

NaVicula spp.

Tha1asslonema nitzschioides

Oinophycea-e--

Ceratium carriense

C-:exTensum

r. fusus

C. TrlCTSum

C. Tl"rlea tum

f:. lOi1glj)es C. mac roceros C. massil iense f:. trlpos--

Oi nQE!1~ spp.

Q~yto~~~ ~co10pax

~rorocentrJ:l!1! spp.

Protozoa

Foraminifera

RadiOlaria

Tintinnidae

Coel enterata

Si ph onophora

Cladocera

Evadne spp. J'ieillITaspp.

Pod on spp.

Os tracoda

Copepoda

nauplii

Calanoida

Acartia danae

Acartia sPP:-

Ca1anus I-IV ~lnmarchicus V-VI

C. mi nor Ca10Calilnus spp.

Candacla armata V-VI

C. curta

C. TOri9Tmana

c. norvegica

Canaa.cTa spp.

Cen tropagesb radyi f. typicus

f1ecynocera c1aus i

Metridia 1ucens

26
Paracalanus-Psuedocalanus I-V 115 654 154

Pleuromamma gracilis 1 .2

Pseudocalanus minutus VI 231 231 77 115 108 58

Scolecithrix danae 6 2 2 6 1 1 1.6 4

Temora I- IV 38 38 38 7.6

T. turbinata 38

UndinuJ~ yylgaris 2 3 .2 25

Cyclopoida

Corycaeus spp. 38 38 38 7.6 19

Farranula gracilis +

Oithona spp. 38 77 231 77 77 115 23 154

Oncaea spp. 231 38 77 231 38 237 54 154

Sapphlrina spp. 1

Atnphipoda

Hyperiidea 17 6 2 6 6 5.4 6

Cumacea 1

Decapoda

1arvae 2 2 3 1.0 2

Penae ida 3 1.5

Sergestidae:Lucifer spp. .2 .5

Euphausiacea juveniles «8 mm) 6 6 2.6

adults (?.8 mm) 6 1.2

Stomatopoda .5

Gastropoda

The cos oma ta 38 115 7.6 58

Chae togna tha

<8 mm 38 77 77 231 231 38

>8 mm 35 35 35 17 6 6 6 3 17 24 6

Larvacea 77 77 77 115 77 30 39

Fi sh eggs .2

Fish larvae 2 .4

27
Table l7.--Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 9-10 October 1977

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

40-13 39-59 39-46 39-32 39-17 38-57

73-26 73-07 72-48 72-29 72-15 72-17

SH SH SH SH SL SL

N N N NOD

* * * 18.6 20.2 20.5 * * * 33.87 35.41 35.54

2 1 1 2 2

21

42

21 63

84

209 209

21

21 146

21

63

xSH xSL

+ +

+

+

21 11

84 +

11

21

26 11

89 32

1.25 2

5

16 +

11

+ 21

11 11

11 + 141 42

5

21

5 32

21

11

+

84

42

21

+

21

+

9

+

+ 121

63

+

+

84 42

7

63

21

5

+

21

42 63

21

+

21

21

84 633

3

+

84

42 125

21

84

21 63

42 209

21

21

sample no. position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (OC) sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Cyanophyceae:Trichodesmium spp.

Baci11ariophyceae

Centricae

Bacteriastrum spp.

Chaetoceros Hya10chaete spr·

C. Phaeoceros spp.

Corethron criophy1um

Coscinodiscus spp.

Rhizoso1enia a1ata f. indica

R. ca1car-avi-s----

R. TmbrTCata shrubso1ei

Ske1etonema costatum

Penna tae

Tha1assiothrix 10ngissima

Dinophyceae -- Ceratium carriense

c:extensum

C. fusus

C. FieJ(iiCanthum

C. karstenii

C. kofoi di

C. 1ineatum

C. macroceros C. masslTTense

C. trichoceros

f· lr_ijJ~ Si1icof1age11atae

Coe1en tera ta

Po1ychaetae

Ostracoda

Penil ia spp. 697

Copepoda

Calanoida

Acartia danae

Acartia 123

Ca1anus finmarchicus I-IV +

C. finmarchicus V-VI

C. minor V-VI 6

C. minor I-IV

Ca10caTanus spp.

Candacia armata 3 2

Centropages bradyi ~. typicus 697 246

Metridia 1ucens

Paraca1anus spp. VI 246

Paraca1anus-Pseudoca1anus I-V 123 246

Sco1ecithrlx I-IV

Temora turbinata

DnclTriUl a ~.9a r 1 s

Cyc10poida

Corycaeus spp.

Farranu1a 9!aci1is

Oithona spp.

Oncaea spp. 246

Cirripedia

~~ naup1ii Amphipoda

Hyperiidea 6 2

+

41 82

41 82

41

2 2

41

246 246

1

82

246

41

41 41

246 82

2

3

82

41

41

41

41

41

+

82

3

82

41

41

41

123

+ +

.25

174

31

62 41

10

.25

2.75 3

10 82

21 .

1.25

21

359 21

.25

82

154

21

21

.5

10

21

21 21

144 82

.25

25

28
Decapoda

1arvae 6 1.5

Euphausiacea

juveniles «8 mm)

Stomatopoda 1 .25

Gastropoda Thecosomata 41 10

Chae togna tha

<8 mm 246 82 82 103

>8 mm 6 6 2 3 3.5 1.5

Fish larvae 1 .25

29
Table 18.-Plankton and environmental data frcm the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 19-20 November 1977.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot, are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

40-03 39-48 39-41 39-33 39-25 39-16 38-59

73-25 73-08 72-59 72-51 72-44 72-38 72-25

SH SH SH SH SL SL E

N N N N N N N

12.9 12.9 13.0 13.5 16.7 19.1 * 32.5 32.7 32.8 33.3 35.2 35.7 *

1 1 000 1 0

sample no. position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (DC) sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Bacillariophyceae

Cen tri cae

~h~t9ceros ~lochaete spp. C. Phaeceros spp.

Coscinodiscus spp.

Dltylum brightvle11ii

Rhizosolenia alata alata ~Tiilbricata ShrUbsoTel

Tha iasswslra

Pennatae---

Thalassionema nitzschioides

Dinophyceae

Ceratium extensum

CTusus

C. karsteni

C. lTneatum

C. macroceros C. mass,Tlense

~. triE..~ Silicoflagellatae

21

21

21

63

21

21

3

21

21

+

42

146

63

~.

2'

21

21

+

42

5

42

21

21

21

21

42

42

84

6

21

21

42

21

21

42

21

21

7

21

+

63

21

21

'12

21

84

9

+

+

+

21

xSH

xSH

.5

16

5

5

5

11

11

5

26

11

21

63

37

xSL

xSL

.5

11

21

+

53

21

21

42

11

11

53

246

41 246

Ostracoda

Copepoda

Ca 1anoi da

Acartia danae

AcartlI

Calanus finmarchicus ~VI

t-:-iii"fnor

Candacfa I-IV

r.-armata V-VI

C~~.~.!:..0.p..a.ges !.!'pi cus Clausocalanus spp. Euchaeta marina I-IV

ffetriCl"lil 1ucens Paraca1anUS spp.

Paracalanus-Pseudocalanus I-V

PleUromatmma abdominalis

P. borealis

PseUdOCa1anus minutus VI

Rhincalanus cornutus

R. nasutus

ScolecTEEri x danae lemar-a styl iferaT. tu'rbTTiirtil----

Cyclopoida

~orycaeus spp.

Oi thona spp.

Oncaea

Harpacticoida

Macrosetella gracilis

Amphlpoda

Gammaridea

Hyperi idea

Decapoda

larvae

Sergestidae Lucifer spp.

Euphaus iacea

juveni les «8 mn)

Chac togna tha

<8 111111

>8 111111

Fish larvae

41

1 2

246 3074

246

697

1434

246

41

41

246 246

82

1434

697

697

246

41

+

41

41

246

41

1

3044

41

246

246

123

41

246

41

2

1

697

246

82

1

41

246

30

1

35

41

2

697

123

246

1

17

41

1

1

2

3

41

246

+

+

2

41

3

17

3

1

82

41

21

.5

.5

1

1950

72

410

594

154

31

+

10

21

246

41

123

123

.5

19

21

1.5

697

62

246

.5

8.5

62

1

.5

1.5

2

21

144

+

123

.5

.5
Table 19.--Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 17-18 December 1977.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable. II parenthetical

"T" following a name indicates a tropical or subtropical species. ._----_._-

sample no. 3 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 xSH ·xE

position

north latitude degs. & mins. 40-15 39-59 39-43 39-27 39-19 39-11 39-03 38-55 38-47 38-39 38-32

west longitude degs. & mins. 73-37 73-22 73-06 72-50 72-43 72-35 72-27 72-19 72-12 72-04 71-56

watermass SH SH SH SH SH/E SH E E E E E/SH

day or night N N N N N N N N N N N

10 m temperature (OC) 8.0 9.5 10.4 11 .8 13.2 12.0 15.5 15.7 14.8 15.8 15.0 sea surface salinity (0/00) * 35.95 34.6 35.0 35.2 34.9 35.5 36.1 36.0 * *

phytoplankton color 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bacillariophyceae

Centricae

Chaetoceros Hyalochaete spp. 26 26 26 + 13 + C. Phaeoceros spp. 26 51 26 51 13 19

Coscinodiscus spp. 51 77 102 26 26 102 43 7

Rhizoso1enla alata f. alata 77 153 19

R. imbricata shrubsole-i---- 51

R. setigera + + Th a1as si os i ra spp. 179 179 51 77 230 119

Penna tae

Thalassionema nitzsch i oi des 102 26 77 26 230 26 26 26 77 13

Dinophyceae

Ceratium fusus 26 4

f. longirostrum (T) 26 26 7

C. macroceros 26 26 4 7 ~. tri pos 26 + 26 26 + + 13 + Silicoflage11atae 26 26 4 7

Protozoa

Tintinnidae + + Si phonophora + + + + + + Polychaeta 2

Copepoda

nauplii + 106 53 + 40

Calanoida

IIcartia danae 53 + 9

Acartia spp. - + 53 + + 9

Cal anus finmarchicus V + VI 3 1 2 .67 _.0 C minor ___ (T) 1 6 6 17 2 6 2 6 6 6 5 5

Candacia armata 6 6 1 1 1 2 .5 f. pachydactyla (T) 1 .17

Candacia spp. 1 .33 Centropages bradyi (T) 53 1 9 i· ..!lP. i cus 3968 899 317 + 159 + + + 891 + Clausocalanus spp. (T) 317 + 53 + 53 13 Eucalanus spp. 2 .5 .25 Euchaeta marina (T) 1 .5 .25 ~. !1orveg~ 6 3 2.5 Euchirella pu1chra 1 .25 Lucicutia f1avicornis + + Necynocera caus i + 53 + 53 + r'1etridia 1ucens .25 Paraca lanus spp. 899 106 159 194 Paracalanus-Pseudocalanus I-V 899 899 159 159 353 Pleuromamma I-IV 159 P. abdominalis (T) 2 2 1 1 .33 .75 ~. gracilis (T) 6 3 6 35 35 17 35 35 2.5 31 P. robusta 1 1 1 .5 Pseudocalanus minutus VI 899 150 Rhincalanus cornutus (T) 2 .67 .25 R. nasutus .17 Sco1ecithrix danae 3 .83 .25 Temora lonqicornis 106 18 T. styl ifera (Tl + + 53 13 T. turb ina ta (T) 53 317 53 + 317 53 123 13 Cyc 1opoi da----

Corycaeus spp. (T) + 53 9

31
Oi thon~ spp. 159 159 317 106 159 53 106 150 40 Onc~_spp. (T) 53 53 317 317 159 + 53 150 + Harpacticoida

~l~temnestra spp. + Cirrlpede

1arvaeJ 53 13

AlI1phipoda

Hyperi idae 2 .33

Decapoda

larvae 3 .5

Euphausiacea

juveniles «8 llll1) 6 2 2 6 3 6 1.5 2.8

adul ts (:.- 8 mOl) 1 2 3 2 .17 1.5

Mollusca

Lamel1ibranchiata + +

Chae togna tha

<8 mill 53 106 53 53 35

>8 mOl 35 17 17 35 6 3 18 1.0

Larvacea 53 9

Fish larvae .17

Tropical/subtropical

zooplankton total 53 372 167 333 701 11 94 90 27 43 97

32
Table 20.--Plankton and environmental data from the New York Bight shelf and slope water, 1-2 January 1978.

Watermasses: SH = shelf water; SL = slope water; E = Gulf Stream warm core eddy water. Abundances:

phytoplankton, number per liter; zooplankton, number per 3 cubic meters. Organisms observed in the sample,

but absent in the aliquot are indicated by a "+" sign. A "*" indicates that data are unavailable.

40-17 40-02 39-50 39-38 39-19 39-10 39-02

73-28 73-11 72-50 72-30 72-31 72-26 72-18

SH SH SH SH/SL SH SL E

N N NOD 0 0

* 8.4 * 10.1 13.0 14.6 16.3

* * * 35.6 * * *

sample no. position

north latitude degs. &mins.

west longitude degs. &mins.

watermass

day or night

10 m temperature (OC)

sea surface salinity (0/00)

phytoplankton color

Bacillariophycea

Centricae

Biddu~ al ternans

Chaetoceros Hya 1ochaete spp.

C. Phaeoceros SPP.

Coscinodiscus spp.

RhTzosolenia spp.

Thalassiosira spP.

Pennatae

Nitzschia closterium Tha~nema nitzschioides

Dinophyceae

Cera ti um fusus

f-. 10rigTpesC. macroceros f. tri pos

Silicoflagellata

o

26

26

26

26

+

3

o

26

+

+

5

o

+

51

77

77

+

+

7

o

51

26

26

51

+

+

26

51

9

o

26

26

77

+

26

+

+

10

o

+

77

+

+

11

o

26

+

26

12

38-53

72-12

E

o

15.2

35.7

o

13

38-45

72-15

E

o

16.0

35.8

o

+

+

+

xSH

o

16

20

5

41

+

36

+

+

+

5

10

xE

o

+

+

+

.9

+

g

74

2.6

11 18

.2

201 18

.2

.2

1 1

.4 .33

Protozoa

Foraminifera

Coelenterata

Ostracoda

Copepoda

Calanoida

Calanus finmarchicus V-VI

C. minor I-IV

C. minor V-VI

CanClaCTa I- IV

C. armata V-VI

Centropages bradyi I-IV

f-. bradyi V-VI

f-. typi cus C. vel ificatus

Clausocalanus spp.

11ecynocera clausi

naupm-- ---

Metridia lucens Paracalan~udocalanus I-V

Pleuromamma gracilis V-VI

Pleuromamma gracllls I-IV

Pseudocalanus minutus VI

Scolecithrix danae

Temora 1on9i corriTS

1. styl ifera

T. turbinata

Tortanus discaudatus

Cyclopoida

Oithona spp.

Oncaea spp.

Amph i pod'a

Hyperi idea

Euphausiacea

juveniles «8 mm)

adults (>8 mm)

Gastropoda - Chaetogna tha

<8 mm >8 mm

Larvacea

fish larvae

+

3

2 1

53

412

53

3 2

317 317 106 159

53

53 +

53 106

1

317 1852 899 317

3 2 1

53

53

2

+

+

+

+

l59 159 317 317 + 1

53 53 159

263

33

2

+

53

+

+

+

53

3

2

106

2

53

53

53

6

1

53

53

53

+ +

+

+

.8

1.0

10.6

1.6

10.6

1.0

180

21

11

+

32

.2

677

1.2

11

11

.4

+

+

+

+

+

.33

+
Table 21 .--List of species and coarser taxa identified in CPR samples

from the New York Bight, 26 January 1976-2 January 1978.

Authorities used in identification are cited below the

taxon name.

Cyanophyceae

Trichodesmium spp. Ehrenberg

(Wille, 1908)

Baci11ariophyceae

Centricae

Bacteriastrum spp. Shadbo1t

(Hendey, 1964)

Biddu1phia a1ternans (Bailey) Van Heurck

(Hendey, 1964)

Chaetoceros (Hya1ochaete) Ehrenberg (Gran)

(Hendey, 1964)

Chaetoceros (Phaeoceros) Ehrenberg (Gran)

(Hendey, 1964)

Corethron criophi1um Castracane

(Hendey, 1964)

Coscinodiscus spp. Ehrenberg

(Hendey, 1964)

Dity1um brightwe11ii (T. West) Grunow

(Cupp, 1943)

Hemiau1us spp. Ehrenberg

(Cupp, 1943)

Nitzschia seriata Cleve

(Cupp, 1943)

Rhizoso1enia a1ata f. a1ata Brightwell

(Hendey, 1964)

Rhizoso1enia a1ata f. graci11ima (Peraga11o) Gran

(Cupp, 1943)

Rhizoso1enia a1ata f. indica (Peraga11o) Gran

(Cupp, 1943)

Rhizoso1enia calcar-avis Schultze

(Cupp, 1943)

Rhizoso1enia hebetata f. semispina (Hensen) Gran

(Hendey, 1964)

Rhizoso1enia imbricata v. shrubso1ei (Cleve) Schroeder

(Hendey, 1964)

Rhizoso1enia setigera Brightwell

(Hendey, 1964)

Ske1etonema costatum (Grevi11e) Cleve

(Cupp, 1943)

Tha1assiosira spp. Cleve

(Cupp, 1943)

34
Pennatae

Asterionella glacialis Cleve &Moller ex Gran

(Cupp, 1943)

Navicula spp. Bory

(Cupp, 1943)

Nitzschia closterium (Ehrenberg) Wm. Smith

(Hendey, 1964)

Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii Grunow

(Hendey, 1964)

Thalassiothrix longissima Cleve &Grunow

(Hendey, 1964)

Thalassionema nitzschioides Hustedt

(Hendey, 1964)

Dinophyceae

Ceratium carriense Gourret

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium extensum (Gourret) Cleve

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium furca (Ehrenberg) Claparede et Lachmann

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium fusus (Ehrenberg) Dujardin

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium hexacanthum Gourret

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium horridum (Cleve) Gran

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium incisum (Karsten) Jorgensen

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium karstenii Pavillard

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium kofoidi Jorgensen

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium lineatum (Ehrenberg) Cleve

(Paulson, 1908 &Wood, 1968)

Ceratium longi}es (Bailey) Gran

(Paulson, 1908

Ceratium longirostrum Gourret

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium macroceros (Ehrenberg) Vanhoffen

(Wood, 1968 &Paulson, 1908)

Ceratium massiliense (Gourret) Jorgensen

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium minutum Jorgensen

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium schroeteri (Schroder)

(Wood, 1968)

Ceratium setaceum Jorgensen

(Wood, 1968)

35
Dinophyceae

(cont'd)

Ceratium trichoceros (Ehrenberg) Kofoi(

(Wood. 1968)

Ceratium tripo) (0. F. Muller) Nitzsch

(Paulsen. 1908

Ceratocorys spp. Stein

(Wood. 1968)

Dinophysis spp. Ehrenberg

(Wood, 1968)

Goniaulax spp. Diesing

(Wood. 1968)

Gymnodinium spp. Stein

(Wood, 1968)

Oxytoxum scolopax Stein

(Wood. 1968)

Oxytoxum spp. Stein

(Wood, 1968)

Protoperidinium spp. (Ehrenberg)

(Wood, 1968)

Prorocentrum spp. Ehrenberg

(Wood. 1968)

Silicoflagellatae

Protozoa

Tintinnidae

Forami nifera

Coelenterata

Siphonophora

Other Coelenterata

Annelida

Polychaeta

Tomopteris spp. Eschscholz

36
Arthropoda Crustacea

Cladocera

Evadne spp.

(Gosner, 1971)

Penilia spp.

(Gosner, 1971)

Podon spp.

(Go sner, 1971 )

Ostracoda

Copepoda

Copepod naupl i i

Calanoida

Acartia spp. Dana

(Wilson, 1932)

Acartia danae Giesbrecht

(Wilson, 1932)

Acartia tonsa Dana

(Wilson, 1932)

Calanus finmarchicus sensu stricto (Gunnerus)

(Fleminger &Hulsemann, 1977)

Calanus minor Claus

(Owre & Foyo, 1967)

Calocalanus spp. Giesbrecht

(Wilson, 1932)

Candacia armata (Boeck)

(Wil son, 1932)

Candacia curta (Dana)

(Owre &FOYo, 1967)

Candacia longimana (Claus)

(Owre &FOYo, 1967)

Candacia norvegica (Boeck)

(Wilson, 1932)

Candacia pachydact)la (Dana)

(Owre &Foyo, 1967

Centropages bradyi Wheeler

(Owre &FOYo, 1961)

Centropages hamatus (Lilljeborg)

(Wilson, 1932)

Centropages t)piCUS (Kroyer)

(Wil son, 1932

Centropages velificatus (Dana)

(Owre & Foyo, 1967)

Clausocalanus spp. Giesbrecht

(Wilson, 1932 &Rose, 1933)

Eucalanus attenuatus (Dana)

(Owre &Foyo, 1967)

37
Ca1anoida

(cont'd)

Euca1anus monachus (Giesbrecht)

(Owre &Foyo, 1967)

Euca1anus mucronatus Giesbrecht

(Owre & Foyo, 1967)

Euchaeta acuta Giesbrecht

(Owre & Foyo, 1967)

Euchaeta marina (Prestandrea)

(Owre &Foyo, 1967)

Euchaeta norvegica Boeck

(Wilson, 1932)

Euchire11a Eu1chra (Lubbock)

(Owre &Foyo, 1967)

Euchire11a rostrata (Claus)

(Owre & Foyo, 1967)

Labidocera aestiva Wheeler

(Owre &Foyo, 1967)

Lucicutia f1avicornis (Claus)

10wre & Foyo, 1967)

Mecynocera c1ausi J. C. Thompson

(Owre &Foyo, 1967)

Metridia lucens Boeck

(Wilson, 1932)

Mesocalanus tenuicornis (Dana)

(Owre & Foyo, 1967)

Paracalanus-Pseudocalanus spp. Boeck

(Wilson, 1932)

Paracalanus spp. Boeck

(Wilson, 1932)

Pleuromamma abdominalis (Lubbock)

(Owre &Foyo, 1967)

Pleuromamma borealis (F. Dahl)

(Rose, 1933)

Pleuromamma gracilis (Claus)

(Rose, 1933)

Pleuromamma robusta (F. Dahl)

(Rose, 1933)

Pleuromamma xiphias (Giesbrecht)

(Rose, 1933 and Owre &Foyo, 1967)

Pseudocalanus minutis Kroyer

(Wilson, 1932)

Rhinca1anus cornutus (Dana)

(Owre &Foyo, 1967)

Rhinca1anus nasutus Giesbrecht

(Owre & Foyo, 1967)

Sco1ecithrix danae (Lubbock)

(Owre & Foyo, 1967)

Temora longicornis (0. F. Muller)

(Wilson, 1932)

remora stylifera (Dana)

(Owre &Foyo, 1967)

remora turbinata (Dana)

(Owre &Fayo, 1967)

38
(Da na)

Calanoicla

(cont'd)

Tortanus discaudatus (Thompson &Scott)

(Wilson, 1932)

Undinula vulgaris (Dana)

(Owre &FOYo, 1967)

Cyclopoida

Copilia spp. Dana

(Owre &FOYo, 1967)

Corycaeus spp. Dana

(Owre &FOYo, 1967)

Oithona spp. Baird

(Wil son, 1932)

Farranula gracilis Wilson

(Owre &FOYo, 1967)

Oncaea spp. Philippi

(Owre &FOYo, 1967)

Sapphirina spp. J. V. Thompson

(Owre &FOYo, 1967)

Harpacticoida

Clytemnestra spp. Dana

(Wilson, 1932)

Macrosetella ~racilis

(Wilson, 1932

Cirripedia

Lepas Linnaeus

Amphipoda

Ca pre 11 idea

Gammaridea

Hyperiidea

Cumacea

Mysidacea

Stomatopoda

Euphausiacea

Decapoda

Penaeida

Sergistidae

Lucifer spp.

(Gosner, 1971)

39
Mollusca

Cephalopoda

Gastropoda

Thecosomata

Lamellibranchia

Chaetognatha

Chordata

Thaliacea

Larvacea

Fishes

Myctophidae

Lepidophanes guentheri

Bothidae

Paralicthys oblongus

Scombridae

Scomber scombrus

40
Table 22.---Taxa of plankton taken from the New York Bight that

were considered by the authors to be of tropical or

subtropical origin.

Phytoplankton

Bacteriastrum spp.

Rhizosolenia calcar-avis

Ceratium carriense

C. extensum

c:- hexacanthum

c:- incisum

c:- karsteni

c:- kofoidi

C. longirostrum

C. massil iense

c:- schroeteri

c:- trichoceros

OXytoxum scolopax

Calanus minor

Candacia curta

longimana

pachydactyla

Centro pages bradyi

C. velificatus

EUchaeta marina

Mesocalanus tenuicornis

Pleuromamma abdominalis ~gracilis

Rhincalanus cornutus

Temora stylifera

T. turbinata

undinula vulgaris

Corycaeus spp.

Farranula gracilis

Oncaea spp.

Sapphirina spp.

Penaeida larvae

Lucifer spp.

Zooplankton

41

Bacillariophyceae II

Dinophyceae II

II

II

Copepoda II

II

Decapoda II