1

Vaupel, Claudia

From: Huff, Deanna M (DEC) <deanna.huff@alaska.gov>

Sent: Thursday, November 05, 2015 10:29 AM

To: Vaupel, Claudia

Subject: Fairbanks Emission Inventory Chapter and Appendix

Attachments: III D.5.6. Emission Inventory_110515.docx; EmissionInventory_AppendixIII D 5 6 final.docx

Claudia,

I have attached the following Chapter and Appendix III.D.5.6 Emission Inventory of the Fairbanks PM 2.5 Moderate Area SIP

as a supplementary submittal with the following changes:

Attached Chapter: III.D.5.6 Emission Inventory 110515

Updated the PTE emission inventory tables to include ammonia emissions.  

Attached Appendix: Emission Inventory AppendixIII.D.5.6 final

After the table 5.6‐68 in the 5.6 Appendix:

ORIGINAL

The RPD, RPV and RPP inventory importer scripts were run to import each of these different profiles with the 2008 baseline

vehicle activity, population and fleet characteristics.

REVISED

The RPD, RPV and RPP inventory importer scripts were run to import each of these different profiles with the 2008 baseline

vehicle activity, population and fleet characteristics. The generated inventory importer and runspec files were submitted

electronically to EPA Region 10 on October 9th, 2015.

If you have any questions, please let me know.

Thanks,

Dea

______________

Deanna Huff, Ph.D. 

ADEC-Air Quality 

Engineering Associate I 

Phone: 907-465-5116 

deanna.huff@alaska.gov
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-1 

5.6 Emission Inventory Data

5.6.1. Introduction	

5.6.1.1	Purpose	of	the	Emission	Inventory	

Title I of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAA) contains provisions requiring 

development of emission inventories for designated areas that fail to meet the National Ambient 

Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). A portion of the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) that 

includes the cities of Fairbanks and North Pole as well as surrounding areas has been designated 

as a NAAQS PM2.5 Moderate non-attainment area for violation of the 24-hour average standard 

enacted in 2006. In compliance with published EPA requirements, the inventories are provided 

as a part of the Alaska’s State Implementation Plan (SIP) to formulate a strategy to attain the 

PM2.5 NAAQS in Fairbanks. 

As further described in Section III.D.5.9, a Moderate Area SIP must either demonstrate1

 that: 

i. The plan will provide for attainment by the applicable attainment date (December 31, 

2015 in this case); or 

ii. Demonstrate that attainment by such date is impracticable. 

Related to a demonstration of “impracticability,” CAA Part D, subpart 4 Section 189(a)(1)(C) 

also requires that Moderate Area plans include provisions to assume reasonably available control 

measures no later than four years after the moderate area designation was made, which is 

addressed in Section III.D.5.7. 

This section of the SIP is intended to fulfill EPA requirements for preparing the 2008 Base Year 

and 2015 Attainment Year emission inventories, as specified in the provisions of the CAA and 

EPA guidance documents. The intent of this section is to describe how emissions were first 

estimated for the 2008 base year and then projected forward to 2015 with technically and 

economically feasible controls implemented within that time to determine whether the area will 

reach attainment by 2015. This attainment analysis is based on atmospheric modeling that 

simulates the formation of ambient PM2.5 given input emissions and meteorology and is 

described in detail in Section III.D.5.8 of the SIP. 

The Fairbanks Moderate Area SIP emission inventory is considered a Level II inventory, as 

classified under the Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP).2 It is a Level II inventory 

 

1

 CAA Part D, subpart 4, Section 189(a)(1)(B). 

2

 “Introduction to the Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Volume 1,” prepared for 

Emission Inventory Improvement Program Steering Committee, prepared by Eastern Research 

Group, Inc., July 1997. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-2 

because it will provide supportive data for strategic decision making under the context of the SIP 

and is based on a combination of locally and regionally collected data. 

5.6.1.2	Description	of	Inventories	and	Geographic	Area	

There are two classes of inventories based on their intended use, as summarized below: 

1. Planning Inventories – These inventories are developed to fulfill regulatory planning and 

reporting requirements and are pollutant- and area designation-specific. Under EPA 

terminology, they include base year inventories (“foundational” emission source and 

activity inventories upon which all others are based), three-year cycle inventories (submitted 

to EPA under periodic reporting requirements and published under the agency’s National 

Emissions Inventory, or NEI) and reasonable further progress (RFP) inventories (developed 

and submitted to EPA to demonstrate sufficient progress toward NAAQS attainment or 

regional haze regulatory requirements). Planning inventories contain annual and, in some 

cases, seasonal emission estimates. 

2. Modeling Inventories – Modeling inventories are more spatially and temporally resolved in 

order to account for geographic- and day-specific variations in emissions that affect 

monitored ambient concentrations. For the Fairbanks SIP, modeling inventories were 

developed over a gridded modeling domain called “Grid 3,” which encompasses an area of 

201 × 201 grid cells, each 1.33 km square. Figure 5.6-1 shows the size and location of the 

Grid 3 modeling domain within the state. As shown, the domain encompasses portions of 

four counties/boroughs: Fairbanks North Star, Denali, Southeast Fairbanks, and YukonKoyukuk. The Fairbanks PM2.5 non-attainment area is also shown in Figure 5.6-1 and 

covers a small portion of the borough (county). 

In conformance to 40 CFR3 §51.1002(c), the applicable inventories include emissions estimates 

for the following pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, SO2 (SOx), NOx, VOC, and NH3. Emissions shown 

for PM2.5 and PM10 refer to direct emissions of both filterable and condensable particulate 

matter. 

For this Moderate Area PM2.5 SIP, a specific set of planning and modeling inventories were 

prepared to satisfy CAA and EPA regulatory requirements. Table 5.6-1 summarizes the 

inventories developed and submitted to satisfy these moderate area SIP requirements. 

 

3

 Code of Federal Regulations. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-3 

Figure 5.6-1. Fairbanks Modeling Inventory Domain and PM2.5 Non-Attainment Area 

Table 5.6-1 Summary of Applicable Inventories for Moderate Area PM2.5 SIP 

Class Type Geographic Area 

Calendar 

Year Regulatory Requirements 

Planning 

Base Year Statewide 2008 EPA Regulations*

Base Year Non-Attainment 

Area 2008 CAA 172(c)(3) 

Projected, 

with controls 

Non-Attainment 

Area 2015 CAA 172(c)(3) 

Modeling 

Baseline Modeling Domain 2008 CAA 189(a)(1), CAA 189(b)(1) 

Projected, 

with controls Modeling Domain 2015 CAA 189(a)(1), CAA 189(b)(1) 

*

 As specified in EPA’s “Emissions Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter 

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and Regional Haze Regulations,” November 2005. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-4 

As further described in Section III.D.5.9, it was found that attainment of the 24-hour PM2.5

NAAQS by 2015 is impracticable. Thus, in addition to the required inventories listed in Table 

5.6-1, a broader set of inventories was developed out to calendar year 2019. These additional 

2019 inventories serve two goals: 

1. To support the primary finding of this plan—that attainment by 2015 is impracticable—

and buttress this finding of impracticability by showing the progress toward attainment 

both by and beyond 2015 based on implementation and penetration schedules for control 

measures that are technologically and economically feasible. 

2. To demonstrate a path toward attainment by 2019. Although this latter goal is not a 

requirement for this Moderate Area plan, the State of Alaska and FNSB have devoted 

considerable thought and resources toward identifying and funding control programs that 

are currently forecasted to provide sufficient emission reductions to bring Fairbanks into 

attainment of the 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS, albeit not by 2015. 

Table 5.6-2 lists the complete set of emission inventories prepared for this SIP which as 

described above, support both a finding of impracticable attainment by 2015, but projected 

attainment by 2019 based on currently available data and forecasted control measures. 

 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-5 

Table 5.6-2 

Inventories Developed for Fairbanks Moderate Area PM2.5 SIP 

Class 

Inventory 

Type Geographic Area 

Calendar 

Year(s) 

Point 

Sources 

Resolution Includes 

Controls?

Reporting

Spatial Temporal Level 

Planning 

Base Year Statewide 2008 Actual State Annual 

Emission 

Inventory 

Sector 

(EIS) or 

Tier 1 

Base Year Non-Attainment Area 2008 Allowable NA Area Annual, 

Winter 

Season Control Non-Attainment Area 2015 Allowable NA Area Yes 

RFP Non-Attainment Area 2017 Actual NA Area Winter 

Season Yes 

MVEB Non-Attainment Area 2017 n/a NA Area Winter 

Season 

Modeling 

Baseline Modeling Domain 2008 Actual 

1.3 km Grid 

Cell 

Episodic 

(day and 

hour) 

 SCC 

Projected 

Baseline Modeling Domain 2015, 2019 

Allowable,

Actual SCC 

Control Modeling Domain 2015, 

2019 

Allowable, 

Actual Yes SCC 

n/a – Not applicable. 

SCC – Source Classification Code (a detailed emission source classification scheme developed by EPA) 

In addition to identifying those inventories supporting either planning or modeling requirements 

as described earlier, Table 5.6-2 identifies the other key attributes of each inventory including 

type, geographic area, calendar year, point source emission type, spatial and temporal resolution, 

and source reporting level, each of which is further explained below. 

 Inventory Type – Indicates the type of inventory. Base Year refers to the primary 

inventory that was developed based on actual source activity levels for a specified year 

and emission factors representative of that year. For this SIP, calendar year 2008 has 

been designated as the base year, which coincides with the baseline year for which 

historical PM2.5 episodes are evaluated in the attainment modeling. Thus the modeling 

inventory developed for calendar year 2008 is called the Baseline inventory and is used to 

validate the performance of the atmospheric simulation model in predicting ambient 

PM2.5 concentrations compared to actual ambient measurements collected during the 

2008 modeling episodes. There are two basic types of inventories for calendar years 

beyond the 2008 base year: (1) Projected Baseline, which accounts for source activity 

changes from forecasted population and economic growth and device turnover relative to 

the base year; and (2) Control, which accounts for emission reductions associated with 

adopted or forecasted state and local control measures (in addition to 

population/economic growth). The planning inventories in Table 5.6-2 listed as RFP and 

MVEB (for Motor Vehicle Emissions Budget) are special inventories that must be 

developed within the SIP to satisfy Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) requirements. 

The RFP inventory encompasses all source categories and as explained later in Section 

5.6.5 was developed to ensure linear progress toward attainment. The MVEB includes 

only on-road motor vehicle emissions (not all source categories). It is used to establish 

vehicle emission budgets for use in subsequent federal regional transportation conformity 

determinations as explained in Section 5.6.6. (The MVEB inventory is described in 

further detail in Section III.D.5.13.) 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-6 

 Geographic Area – The geographic area or extent of the sources included within each 

inventory is also listed in Table 5.6-2. Three different areas, shown earlier in Figure 5.6-

1, are represented: Statewide, Non-Attainment Area, and Modeling Domain. 

 Calendar Year(s) – The calendar years associated with each inventory are listed in this 

column. In addition to the 2008 base/baseline year, inventories were developed for 2015, 

the “attainment finding” year for this Moderate Area SIP as well as for 2019. These were 

developed both to strengthen the case for impracticable attainment by 2015 and to project 

the effects of forecasted controls toward attainment by 2019. The MVEB is required for 

2017 to satisfy RFP quantitative milestone requirements specified in the particulate 

matter section of the 1992 general preamble section to the CAA.4 EPA has interpreted 

that the three-year RFP milestone requirement counts from the due date for the SIP 

(December 2014 in this case). Therefore, per EPA guidance, the applicable calendar year 

for the MVEB was 2017. 

 Point (Industrial) Sources – There are two different emission levels associated with 

stationary point source facilities that must be considered in developing SIP inventories 

that meet CAA requirements and satisfy EPA guidance: (1) Allowable, which refers to 

permitted or Potential to Emit (PTE) emission limits associated with the facility operating 

permit; and (2) Actual, which are estimates of actual annual or episodic emissions based 

on historically recorded facility operating throughput or continuous emissions monitoring 

systems. As used in the inventory, Allowable emissions and PTE emissions are 

equivalent. EPA inventory guidance uses the term Allowable emissions, which are 

equal to annual PTE emission limits that are expressed on an average daily basis. 

From this point forward, the term “PTE” will be used to equivalently refer to 

allowable or permitted facility emission limits (expressed on an average daily basis). 

Actual emissions are generally lower than PTE emissions (unless a facility is found to be 

in violation of its operating permit, which was not the case for point source facilities 

inventoried within the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP). 

 Spatial & Temporal Resolution – These columns refer to the levels of spatial and 

temporal resolution of each inventory. As listed in Table 5.6-2, the inventories reflect 

three different levels of spatial resolution: (1) State, for statewide emissions; (2) NA 

Area, for total emissions within the Fairbanks PM2.5 non-attainment area; and (3) 1.3 km 

Grid Cell, representing individual 1.3 km grid cell-level emissions within the modeling 

domain of 201 × 201 grid cells. The levels of temporal resolution reflected in the 

inventories as listed in Table 5.6-2 are (1) Annual, which reflects total emissions over the 

entire calendar year; (2) Winter Season, reflecting average emissions over the winter nonattainment season (defined as October through March); and (3) Episodic, for which 

emissions are resolved by individual day and hour to support the episodic attainment 

modeling. To simplify the SIP inventory development effort, average emissions over all 

modeling episode days were calculated and assumed to represent winter-season average 

emissions. (Given the strong dependence of wintertime emissions in Fairbanks on 

 

4

 Federal Register, Vol. 57, No. 74, April 16, 1992, pg. 13539. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-7 

ambient temperature, this assumption is likely to result in estimates that are higher than 

those averaged over the entire winter season. Since these winter-season estimates serve 

planning purposes, this approach to representing winter-season estimates was 

conservative and assumed to be sufficient.) 

 Includes Controls – This column simply identifies whether the inventory includes 

emission reductions resulting from state or local control measures. 

 Reporting Level – As noted in Table 5.6-2, the level for which individual source 

emissions were reported differed between the planning and modeling inventories. 

Emissions for all planning inventories were developed and reported at the major source 

sector (stationary point, stationary non-point, on-road, and non-road) or EPA “Tier 1” 

sector level. Emissions for all modeling inventories were compiled and reported at the 

individual Source Classification Code (SCC) level. 

Most of the effort and rigor in the SIP inventory development focused on the modeling 

inventories that were used to support the “impracticable attainment by 2015” and “likely 

attainment by 2019” findings. As described later in Section 5.6.2, the planning inventories were 

estimated more simply, in some cases by scaling estimates from corresponding modeling 

inventories to represent annual or winter season (October through March) emissions. 

5.6.1.3	Sources	Not	Inventoried	

All potential sources of PM2.5 or significant precursor pollutants were evaluated for inclusion 

within the emission inventory. Generally speaking, sources were excluded from the inventory 

only under one of the following conditions: 

 Data were unavailable; or 

 Sources outside the non-attainment area were not believed significant or were well 

removed from the non-attainment area. 

Sources for which data were not available were restricted to estimates of ammonia (NH3) 

emissions for some source categories, most notably actual episodic emissions for point sources. 

(Other sources without ammonia data consisted of aircraft and area sources other than space 

heating).. (The Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) EDMS aircraft/airfield emissions 

model does not include ammonia emissions and other area sources excluding space heating are 

not likely to contain significant sources of ammonia during wintertime based on a review of a 

2004 EPA report5

 on ammonia emission sources.) 

 

5

 S.M. Roe, et al., “Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Nonagricultural 

Sources – Draft Final Report,” prepared by Pechan and Associates, Inc. for Emission Inventory 

Improvement Program, April 2004. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-8 

To address the impacts of this potential gap in point source ammonia emissions, facility-reported 

actual annual emissions DEC maintains in its AirTools database6

 were examined to assess their 

significance. As discussed in detail later in Section 5.6.2, a total of seven stationary source 

facilities encompassed the point source inventory. Two of these seven facilities reported nonzero ammonia emissions: 1) Doyon Utilities (privatized coal boilers at Fort Wainwright); and 2) 

Aurora Energy Chena Power Plant in Fairbanks. Doyon reported facility-wide annual ammonia 

emissions of only 0.03 tons/year in 2008. Aurora Energy (also operating coal boilers) reported 

ammonia emissions of 164.23 tons/day in 2008 (which also appear in the NEI), but zero 

emissions of ammonia in 2011. As a result, a follow-up analysis of supplemental material DEC 

received from Aurora Energy for the Chena Power Plant was conducted7 to assess the 

reasonableness of the reported ammonia emissions in 2008. Based on this follow-up analysis, 

DEC contacted Aurora Energy directly and confirmed the reporting error. Once corrected, 2008 

annual ammonia emissions for all seven point source facilities combined were 0.03 tons/year. 

As detailed later in Table 5.6-10, annual 2008 ammonia emissions for the remaining source 

sectors totaled 54.0 tons/year (0.148 tons/average day). Point sources contribute only 0.06% 

(0.03 ÷ 54.0) to that total. Thus, the lack of explicitly-inventoried point source ammonia 

emissions is not expected to measurably alter the results of the attainment modeling. 

Sources estimated to be not significant or well outside the non-attainment area included several 

specific point source facilities and stationary non-point (area) sources. As described in Technical 

Appendix III.D.5.6, area source emissions were developed only for the Fairbanks North Star 

 

6

 As confirmed from a review of EPA’s 2008 National Emission Inventory (NEI) Version 3 

database, the reported annual facility emissions from AirTools were submitted by DEC and 

loaded into the NEI. 

7

 A 2008 source test spreadsheet from a combined stack for boilers 1, 2 and 3 reported NH3

emissions at a rate of 37.6 lb/hour, resulting in reported actual annual NH3 emissions of over 164 

tons. In a similar 2011 spreadsheet, emissions by individual emission unit (for combustion 

sources) were largely based on a cited Nov 2011 source test for which CO, NOx, PM, SO2 and 

VOC emission factors and rates were measured, but NH3 measurements were not reported. 

To test a hunch that the 37.6 lb/hour rate in the 2008 spreadsheet was incorrectly reported as NH3

when it should have been CO, CO emission rates were back-calculated CO for boiler 1, 2 and 3 

from the 2011 EI spreadsheet. The result was calculated as 42.6 lb CO/hour, which is in 

reasonable agreement with the 37.6 lb/hour rate reported in 2008, given probable variation in 

operating conditions between the 2008 and 2011 source tests. 

In addition, the 2004 EPA ammonia emissions report lists an NH3 emission factor for coal boiler 

combustion (based on a single test, non-Alaska coal) of 0.030 lb NH3/ton coal. Assuming the 

energy content for coal from the Aurora Energy spreadsheets of 15.2 mmBTU/ton, this translates 

to 0.002 lb NH3/mmBTU (0.030/15.2). Based on the coal throughput reported in the 2008 Chena 

spreadsheet for boilers 1, 2 and 3 (445,184 tons/year), the 37.6 lb/hour reported NH3 emission 

rate translates to 0.05 lb NH3/mmBTU [37.6 × 8736 × 100000 / (445184 × 2000 × 7601)], which 

is roughly 25 times higher than the coal boiler emission factor in the 2004 EPA report. This 

corroborates the likelihood of an emission rate reporting error for the 2008 source test where the 

value should have been entered for CO, not NH3. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-9 

Borough portion of the modeling domain. Given the sparse population density of the other three 

counties within the modeling domain (Denali, Southeast Fairbanks, and Yukon-Koyukuk), area 

source emissions for these counties were assumed to be not significant and were excluded from 

the inventory. 

5.6.1.4	Inventory	Preparation	Personnel	and	Responsibilities	

Listed below are the agencies/organizations and key personnel involved in the preparation of the 

emission inventory and their respective roles. 

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) 

 Alice Edwards – Managed overall SIP inventory development. 

 Cindy Heil – Managed State-funded local data collection (including episodic point source 

data) and survey studies and coordinated evaluation of potential State control measures. 

 Deanna Huff – Assisted in validation of episodic point source facility data, including 

review of stack parameter/release height data in conjunction with CALPUFF point source 

modeling supplementing the grid model-based attainment modeling. 

 Joan Hardesty – assembled episodic point source data and facility operating permit data 

and assisted in review and validation of facility source coordinates. 

Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) 

 Jim Conner and Ron Lovell – Managed Borough-funded local data collection and testing 

studies and coordinated review/investigation of existing and potential Borough control 

programs. 

 Todd Thompson, Paul Simpson, and Christina DeHaven – Provided detailed transaction 

and geospatial data on activity within the Borough Wood Stove Change Out program. 

Sierra Research (consultant to DEC and FNSB) 

 Bob Dulla – Managed Sierra Research’s overall inventory support efforts, including 

coordination of State and local data collection, validation, and implementation within the 

emissions inventory; also performed source-level inventory quality assurance and control 

measure reduction review. 

 Tom Carlson – Principal technical lead for the emissions inventory preparation and 

control measure benefits analysis; development of stationary point source, stationary nonpoint source, and non-road mobile source emissions; and quality assurance review of onroad mobile source emissions. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-10 

 Mark Hixson – Responsible for development of on-road mobile source emissions and 

generation of attainment model-ready gridded and speciated emission inputs. 

 Frank Di Genova – Performed review and analysis of State and Borough-funded space 

heating device emission testing studies and assimilation of validated results into 

emissions inventory framework and provided overall inventory quality assurance review. 

 Dan Welch – Reviewed as-received episodic facility point source activity and fuel use 

data, flagged issues or calculation errors, and resolved/corrected these issues/errors 

through DEC-directed follow-up with affected facility operators. 

5.6.1.5	Organization	of	the	SIP	Inventory	Documentation	

Beyond this introductory section, Section III.D.5.6.2 summarizes the data source and 

methodologies used to developed the 2008 base year and baseline inventories for the SIP. An 

overview of the approach used to calculate emissions for each sector is presented followed by 

summaries of the 2008 Base Year and 2008 Baseline inventories. 

Section III.D.5.6.3 describes the sources of population and economic growth projections and the 

approach used to generate projected baseline emission estimates in 2015 and 2019 (before 

application of control measure reductions). It also provides emission summaries by source sector 

for each projected baseline inventory. 

Control inventories in 2015 (the attainment demonstration year) and 2019 are discussed in 

Section III.D.5.6.4. Each of the adopted or planned state and local control programs is described 

separately, including assumptions regarding compliance and penetration effectiveness and the 

sources upon which they were based. Emission summaries are also presented for the 2015 and 

2019 control inventories. 

Section III.D.5.6.6 explains how the 2017 Reasonable Further Progress inventory was calculated 

and how it meets RFP-based “linear progress toward attainment” requirements. 

Section III.D.5.6.6 outlines the approach used to develop the 2017 Motor Vehicle Emission 

Budgets to satisfy RFP milestone requirements and establish budgets for use in subsequent 

regional transportation conformity determinations. 

Finally, Section III.D.5.6.7 summarizes the data validation and quality assurance procedures 

utilized in preparing the complete set of SIP emission inventories. 

In addition to the methodology summaries and tabulated emissions presented within this section 

of the SIP, Technical Appendix III.D.5.6 provide a series of in-depth descriptions of the 

individual data sources and detailed methodologies used to calculate emissions for the baseline, 

projected baseline, and control modeling inventories. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-11 

5.6.2. 2008	Baseline	and	Base	Year	Inventories	

This sub-section presents and summarizes the sources and methods used to develop the 2008 

Baseline modeling inventory and the 2008 Base Year planning inventories. As noted earlier in 

Section III.D.5.6.1, emission estimates in planning and modeling inventories are compiled at 

different levels. The former contains estimates on an area-wide and annual or seasonal basis; the 

latter is more highly resolved in space and time, representing emissions by individual 1.3 km 

square grid cell, day, and hour for each of the 35 winter days encompassing the two 2008 

historical modeling episodes in the attainment modeling analysis listed below. 

 Episode 1 – January 23 through February 10, 2008 (19 days) 

 Episode 2 – November 2 through November 17, 2008 (16 days) 

A detailed discussion of the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory is presented first because portions 

of the planning inventories were developed based on the more detailed modeling inventory. This 

is followed by a discussion of the Base Year planning inventories. 

5.6.2.1	2008	Baseline	Modeling	Inventory	

Overview – Considerable effort was invested in developing the modeling inventories, starting 

with the foundational 2008 Baseline inventory. Because of strong variations in monthly, daily, 

and diurnal source activity and emission factors (largely driven by significant swings in ambient 

conditions between very cold winters and warm summers within the Alaskan interior), it was 

critically important to account for these effects in developing the 2008 Baseline modeling 

inventory for each of the 35 winter episode days. 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling inventory emissions were calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. For source types judged to be less significant8 or for which local 

data were not available, estimates relied on EPA-developed NEI county-level activity data and 

emission factors from EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,

9

 AP-42 database. 

Table 5.6-3 briefly summarizes the data sources and methods used to develop episodic modeling 

inventory emissions by source type. It also highlights those elements based on locally collected 

data. As shown by the shaded regions in Table 5.6-3, the majority of both episodic wintertime 

activity and emission factor data supporting the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory was 

developed based on local data and test measurements. 

 

8

 Assessments of source significance or relative share were not made “in isolation” but were 

evaluated and corroborated by other source apportionment techniques discussed in Section 

III.D.5.8 of the SIP, including Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and EPA-approved Chemical 

Mass Balance (CMB) statistical analysis. 

9

 “Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,” Fifth Edition and Supplements, AP-42, U.S. 

EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC. January 1995.
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-12 

As evidenced by source classification structure used to highlight utilization of key local data 

sources, development of detailed episodic emission estimates to support the attainment modeling 

focused on three key source types: 

1. Stationary Point Sources – industrial facility emissions for “major” stationary sources as 

defined later in this sub-section developed from wintertime activity and fuel usage; 

2. Space Heating Area (Nonpoint) Sources – residential and commercial heating of 

buildings with devices/fuels used under wintertime episodic ambient conditions; and 

3. On-Road Mobile Sources – on-road vehicle emissions based on local activity and fleet 

characteristics with EPA-accepted adjustments to account for effects of wintertime 

vehicle/engine block heater “plug-in” use in Fairbanks using MOVES2010a (the latest 

version of MOVES at the time the SIP inventory work began). 

As seen in emission summaries presented later in this sub-section, these three source types were 

the major contributors to both direct PM2.5 emissions as well as emissions of potential precursor 

pollutants SO2, NOx, VOC, and NH3 within both the non-attainment area as well as the broader 

Grid 3 modeling domain. 

Table 5.6-3 

Summary of Data/Methods Used in 2008 Baseline Modeling Inventory 

Source Type/Category Source Activity Emission Factors 

Point Sources Episodic facility and stack-level 

fuel use and process throughput 

Continuous emissions monitoring 

or facility/fuel-specific factors 

Area (Nonpoint) 

Sources, Space Heating 

Detailed wintertime Fairbanks 

non-attainment area residential 

heating device activity 

measurements and surveys 

- Test measurements of common 

Fairbanks wood and oil heating 

devices using local fuels 

- AP-42 factors for local devices 

or fuels not tested (natural gas, 

coal) 

Area Sources, All 

Others 

- Seasonal, source categoryspecific activity from a 

combination of State/Borough 

sources 

- NEI-based activity for 

commercial cooking 

AP-42 emission factors 

On-Road Mobile 

Sources 

Local and state-based estimates 

of annual and seasonal vehicle 

miles traveled 

- MOVES2010a emission factors 

based on local fleet/fuel 

characteristics 

- Augmented with Fairbanks 

wintertime vehicle warmup and 

plug-in emission testing data 

Non-Road Mobile 

Sources 

- Local activity estimates for 

key categories such as 

snowmobiles, aircraft and rail 

- NONROAD2008a model factors 

for non-road equipment 

- EDMS model factors for aircraft 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-13 

- NONROAD2008a modelbased activity for Fairbanks for 

other categories 

- EPA factors for locomotives 

Following this overview, expanded summaries are presented that describe the approaches used to 

generate episodic emission estimates for each of the source types/categories listed in Table 5.6-3 

for the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory. In addition to these methodology summaries, an 

exhaustive Inventory Technical Appendix (Appendix III.D.5.6) provides detailed descriptions of 

the data sources, issues considered, and step-by-step methods and workflow used to generate 

modeling inventory emissions at the Source Classification Code (SCC) level. 

Following these summaries, a series of detail tabulations and plots of the 2008 Baseline 

modeling inventory are presented. 

Stationary Point Sources – For the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory, DEC queried facilities 

from its permits database to identify major and minor point source facilities within the modeling 

domain. DEC uses the definition of a major source under Title V of the Clean Air Act (as 

specified in 40 CFR §51.20) to define the “major source” thresholds for reporting annual 

emissions. These thresholds are the potential to emit (PTE) annual emissions of 100 tons for all 

relevant criteria air pollutants. Natural minor and synthetic minor facilities (between 5 and 99 

TPY) reporting emissions under either New Source Review (NSR) or Prevention of Significant 

Deterioration (PSD) requirements were also initially included in the query to ensure that 

facilities within the non-attainment area just below the 100 TPY threshold were also identified to 

determine whether their emission levels might warrant treatment as individual stationary point 

sources within the SIP model inventory. 

A total of 14 facilities were identified. Of these, DEC noted that three of the facilities—the 

Golden Valley Electric Association (GVEA) Healy Power Plant and the heating/power plants at 

Fort Greely (near Delta Junction) and Clear Air Force Base (near Anderson)—were excluded 

from development of episodic emissions. These facilities were excluded because of their 

remoteness relative to Fairbanks (all are between 55 and 78 miles away)10 or the fact that they 

were located generally downwind of the non-attainment area under episodic air flow patterns 

(Healy Power Plant and Clear AFB). Three others were identified as minor/synthetic minor 

sources: (1) Fort Knox Mine (26 miles northeast of Fairbanks), (2) Usibelli Coal Preparation 

Plant (in Healy), and (3) CMI Asphalt Plant (in Fairbanks); these were excluded from treatment 

as individual episodic point sources because they either were located outside the non-attainment 

area (Fort Knox and Usibelli) or exhibited insignificant wintertime activity (CMI Asphalt Plant). 

(These excluded facilities were treated as stationary non-point or area sources within the 

inventory.) 

 

10 Individual point source plume modeling conducted by DEC in support of the SIP using the 

CALPUFF model found that under the episodic meteorological conditions, emissions from 

facilities located outside the Fairbanks PM2.5 non-attainment area exhibited negligible 

contributions to ambient PM2.5 concentrations in the area. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-14 

The names and primary equipment and fuels of the eight remaining facilities for which episodic 

data were collected and developed are summarized in Table 5.6-4. One facility, Eielson Air 

Force Base, is located just outside the non-attainment area boundary on the southeast edge. All 

other facilities listed in Table 5.6-4 are located within the non-attainment area. 

DEC then requested additional actual day- and hour-specific activity and emissions data from 

each facility (as available) covering the two 2008 historical modeling episodes. Information was 

requested for both combustion and fugitive sources. Requested data elements included emission 

units, stack parameters (height, diameter, exit temperature and velocity/flowrate), release points 

(location coordinates), control devices (as applicable), seasonal and diurnal fuel properties, and 

throughput. 

DEC’s contractor, Sierra Research, Inc. (Sierra) then assembled and reviewed the submitted data 

for completeness, consistency, and validity prior to integrating the episodic data into the SIP 

inventories. Given the differences in structure and content of the submitted episodic data, the 

data were individually reviewed for each facility before being assembled into a consistent 

inventory structure. 

Table 5.6-4 

Summary of SIP Modeling Inventory Point Source Facilities 

Facility 

ID Facility Name Primary Equipment/Fuels 

71 Flint Hills North Pole Refinery

11 crude & process heaters burning process gas/LPG (9 

operated during episodes), plus 2 natural gas fired steam 

generators, gas flare

109 GVEA Zehnder (Illinois St) 

Power Plant

Two gas turbines burning HAGOa, two diesel generators 

burning Jet A

110 GVEA North Pole Power Plant

Three gas turbines, two burning HAGO, one burning 

naphtha (plus an emergency generator and building 

heaters not used during episodes)

236 Fort Wainwright Backup diesel boilers & generators (3 each) - none 

operated during episodes

264 Eielson Air Force Base Over 70 combustion units - six coal-fired main boilers 

only operated during episodes

315 Aurora Energy Chena Power 

Plant

Four coal-fired boilers (1 large, 3 small), all exhausted 

through common stack

316 UAF Campus Power Plant Two coal-fired, two oil-fired boilers (plus backup 

generators & incinerator not operated during episodes)

1121 Doyon Utilities (private Fort 

Wainwright units) Six coal-fired boilers

a

 Heavy Atmospheric Gas Oil. HAGO is a crude distillate at the heavy end of typical refinery “cuts” with typical 

boiling points ranging from 610-800°F. Due to geographic proximity, GVEA seasonally uses HAGO, a by-product 

from Flint Hills Refinery. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-15 

Generally, most facilities provided hourly PM2.5 and SO2 emission rates by individual emission 

unit. As explained in greater detail below, Sierra then developed estimates of NOx and VOC 

emission rates from AP-4211 based emission factors (where fuel use data were explicitly 

provided) or from fuel-specific emission factor ratios. 

Figure 5.6-2 through Figure 5.6-5 provides comparisons of PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and VOC 

emissions, respectively, for each source facility for which episodic data were collected. 

(Episodic NH3 data were not available.) Within each figure, four sets of daily average emissions 

(in tons/day) are plotted for each facility, as described below. 

1. 2008 E1 Avg – Episode 1 (Jan. 23 - Feb 10, 2008) average daily actual emissions 

2. 2008 E2 Avg – Episode 2 (Nov.2 – Nov. 17, 2008) average daily actual emissions 

3. 2008 Actual – 2008 actual annual average daily emissions (from DEC database) 

4. PTE – Permitted annual Potential to Emit (PTE) levels, expressed on an average daily 

basis (from DEC database) 

Figure 5.6-2. 2008 PM2.5 Episodic, Actual Annual, and PTE Point Source Emissions 

(tons/day) 

 

11 “AP-42, Fifth Edition, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary 

Point and Area Sources,” Environmental Protection Agency, January 1995. 

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder

GVEA NP Eielson

AFB

Aurora

Energy

UAF Doyon (Ft

WW)

Emissions (tons/day)

2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTE
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-16 

Figure 5.6-3. 2008 SO2 Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source Emissions 

(tons/day) 

In comparing PTE limits to the actual emissions in this set of figures, one should compare only 

actual annual emissions (green bars) to the PTE limits (purple bars) since all the data are plotted 

on an average daily basis. In other words, the fact that GVEP NP Episode 1 average daily 

emissions in Figure 5.6-2 (blue bar) are higher than the PTE level (purple bar) does not indicate 

the PTE limit was exceeded since it is an annual, rather than daily, average limit. 

Figure 5.6-4. 2008 NOx Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source Emissions 

(tons/day) 

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder

GVEA NP Eielson

AFB

Aurora

Energy

UAF Doyon (Ft

WW)

Emissions (tons/day)

2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTE

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder

GVEA NP Eielson

AFB

Aurora

Energy

UAF Doyon (Ft

WW)

Emissions (tons/day)

2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTE
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-17 

Figure 5.6-5. 2008 VOC Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source Emissions 

(tons/day) 

As seen in Figure 5.6-2, significant differences exist for certain facilities between actual daily 

average PM2.5 emissions during the winter modeling episodes and permitted (i.e., PTE) average 

daily emission levels. Moreover, the difference in average actual daily emissions also varied 

significantly between modeling episodes (and compared to actual annual average emissions) for 

specific facilities, notably the GVEA North Pole (NP) power plant. 

Figure 5.6-3 through Figure 5.6-5 show similar comparisons for the precursor pollutants. 

In comparing the facility-specific daily emission averages across this series of plots, it is noted 

that the PTE emissions represent emission limits based on operating permits in place in the 2008 

baseline year that continue through 2014 with exceptions at UAF12 and Flint Hills13 that were 

assumed to not affect PTE emissions in the projected 2015 inventories. 

In addition, the episodic actual emissions for these point sources in the modeling inventory are 

represented on a day- and hour-specific basis. The E1 and E2 emission levels shown in the plots 

are averages compiled from the day- and hour-specific emissions across each modeling episode. 

 

12 UAF received a construction permit (under Title I of the CAA) in April 2014 for replacement 

of its two existing coil-fired boilers with new dual fuel-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) 

boilers that will result in modest changes in facility PTE levels. As of the date of this SIP 

submittal, it was unknown if these boiler replacements would actually occur in 2015. Thus, preApril 2014 PTE levels were assumed for UAF in 2015. 

13 In the first half of 2014, the Flint Hills Refinery was shut down. Production of both gasoline 

and other fuel products ended in early summer. The facility’s actual and PTE emissions were 

still applied in the 2015 inventory given uncertainty about the closing/decommissioning schedule 

for the refinery at the time the inventory was finalized. 

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder

GVEA NP Eielson

AFB

Aurora

Energy

UAF Doyon (Ft

WW)

Emissions (tons/day)

2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTE
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-18 

Space Heating Area Sources – Inventory assessments and source apportionment analysis 

performed to support initial development of the SIP identified space heating as the single largest 

source category of directly emitted PM2.5. Thus, the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory 

incorporated an exhaustive set of locally collected data in Fairbanks that were used to estimate 

episodic wintertime space heating emissions by heating device type and fuel type. These local 

wintertime data and their use in generating space heating emissions are summarized below. 

 Fairbanks Winter Home Heating Energy Model – A multivariate predictive model of 

household space heating energy use was developed based on highly resolved (down to 

five-minute intervals) actual instrumented measurements of heating device use in a 

sample of Fairbanks homes during winter 2011 collected by the Cold Climate Housing 

Research Center (CCHRC) in Fairbanks. The energy model was calibrated based on the 

CCHRC measurements and predicted energy use by day and hour as a function of 

household size (sq ft), heating devices present (fireplaces, wood stoves, outdoor hydronic 

heaters, and oil heating devices) and day type (weekday/weekend). 

 Multiple Residential Heating Surveys – Representations of area (ZIP code) specific 

wintertime heating device uses and practices were developed from a series of annual 

telephone-based surveys of residential households within the non-attainment area, 

ranging in size from 300-700 households per survey. The results of these surveys were 

used to develop estimates of the types and number of heating devices used during winter 

by ZIP code within the non-attainment area. The survey data were also used to crosscheck the energy model-based fuel use predictions as well as to identify and apportion 

wood use within key subgroups (certified vs. non-certified devices and purchased vs. 

user-cut wood, the latter of which reflects differences in moisture content that affects 

emissions). 

 Fairbanks Wood Species Energy Content and Moisture Measurements – CCHRC 

performed an additional study that measured wood drying practices and moisture content 

of commonly used wood species for space heating in Fairbanks. These measurements 

were combined with published wood species-specific energy content data and additional 

residential survey data (2013 Wood Tag Survey) under which respondents identified the 

types of wood they used to heat their homes. Birch, Spruce, and “Aspen” (i.e., Poplar) 

were identified as the three primary locally used wood species. 

 Laboratory-Measured Emission Factors for Fairbanks Heating Devices – An accredited 

testing laboratory, OMNI-Test Laboratory (OMNI), was contracted to perform a series of 

heating device emission tests using a sample of wood-burning and oil heating devices 

commonly used in Fairbanks in conjunction with samples of locally collected wood and 

heating oil. The primary purpose of this testing was to evaluate and, if necessary, update 

AP-42-based emission factors that were generally based on heating device technology 

circa 1990. The OMNI study provided the first and most comprehensive systematic 

attempt to quantify Fairbanks-specific, current technology-based emission factors from 

space heating appliances and fuels. The laboratory-based emission testing study 

consisted of 35 tests of nine space heating appliances, using six typical Fairbanks fuels. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-19 

Both direct PM and gaseous precursors (SO2, NOx, NH3) were measured, along with PM 

elemental profiles. All emission tests were conducted at OMNI’s laboratory in Portland, 

Oregon. Supporting solid fuel, liquid fuel, and bottom ash analyses were performed by 

Twin Ports Testing, Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), and Columbia Analytical 

Services, respectively. PM profiles of deposits on Teflon filters from dilution tunnel 

sampling were analyzed by Research Triangle Institute using XRF, ion chromatography, 

and thermal/optical analysis. 

Space heating emissions were estimated using OMNI-based results where available for specific 

devices and AP-42-based estimates for devices for which OMNI tests were not conducted. Table 

5.6-5 shows the device and fuel types resolved in estimating space heating emissions for the 

modeling inventory, their assigned SCC codes, and the source of the emission factors (OMNI 

testing or AP-42-based) used in calculating emissions for each device. 

 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-20 

Table 5.6-5 

Fairbanks Space Heating Devices and Fuel Types and Source of Emission Factors 

Device Type SCC Code Emission Factor 

Wood-Burning Devices 

Fireplace, No Insert 2104008100 AP-42 

Fireplace, With Insert - Non-EPA Certified 2104008210 AP-42

Fireplace, With Insert - EPA Certified Non-Catalytic 2104008220 AP-42

Fireplace, With Insert - EPA Certified Catalytic 2104008230 AP-42

Woodstove - Non-EPA Certified 2104008310 OMNI 

Woodstove - EPA Certified Non-Catalytic 2104008320 OMNI 

Woodstove - EPA Certified Catalytic 2104008330 OMNI 

Pellet Stove (Exempt) 2104008410 OMNI 

Pellet Stove (EPA Certified) 2104008420 OMNI 

OWB (Hydronic Heater) - Unqualified 2104008610 OMNI 

OWB (Hydronic Heater) - Phase 2 2104008640 OMNI 

Other Heating Devices

Central Oil (Weighted # 1 & #2), Residential 2104004000 OMNI 

Central Oil (Weighted # 1 & #2), Commercial 2103004001 OMNI 

Portable Heater: 43% Kerosene & 57% Fuel Oil 2104004000 AP-42

Direct Vent Oil Heater 2104007000 AP-42

Natural Gas - Residential 2104006010 AP-42

Natural Gas - Commercial, small uncontrolled 2103006000 AP-42

Coal Boiler 2104002000 OMNI 

Waste Oil Burning 2102012000 OMNI 

Episodic day- and hour-specific emissions from space heating fuel combustion were calculated 

by combining heating energy use estimates from the Fairbanks Energy Model with ZIP codespecific device distributions from the local survey data (along with wood species mix and 

moisture content data) and block-level GIS shapefile counts of housing units from the 2010 U.S. 

Census, along with emission factors for the devices listed in Table 5.6-5. These calculations are 

discussed in detail in Appendix III.D.5.6. 

Finally, as described in further detail in Section III.D.5.8, the space heating emissions were 

passed to the SMOKE inventory pre-processing model on an episodic daily and hourly basis. 

Earlier versions of the SMOKE model accepted only nonpoint or area source emissions that were 

temporally resolved using independent monthly, day of week, and diurnal profiles. As described 

in Section III.D.5.8, Sierra developed a modified version of SMOKE to also accept area source 

emissions in a similar fashion to which day- and hour-specific episodic point source emissions 

can be supplied to the model. This was critically important in preserving the actual historical 

temporal resolution reflected in the space heating portion of the modeling inventory when 

applied in the downstream attainment modeling. 

All Other Area Sources – Modeling inventory emissions for all other stationary area sources 

other than those related to space heating were calculated more simply, although still using local 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-21 

data where available. The primary data source used to estimate “Other” area source emissions 

was an earlier 2009 Alaska criteria pollutant inventory study14 sponsored by DEC. 

This DEC study, referred to as the “Big 3” inventories, consisted of the development of pollutant 

emission estimates for the three most populous counties in the state: the Municipality of 

Anchorage, the Fairbanks North Star Borough, and the Juneau Borough. The Big 3 inventories 

were developed for calendar years 2002, 2005, and 2018 using a combination of 2002 base year 

data and growth/control forecasts for 2005 and 2018. The inventories encompassed all source 

sectors (point, area, on-road, non-road) and the following criteria pollutants: VOC, NOx, CO, 

SOx, NH3, PM10, and PM2.5. For each calendar year, annual emissions as well as winter and 

summer seasonal emissions were developed. The seasonal estimates reflected six-month winter 

(October through March) and summer (April through September) daily averages based on 

seasonal activity profiles developed using local data where available. 

For use in this PM2.5 SIP inventory, SCC-level summer and winter season emission estimates 

were extracted from National Emission Inventory (NEI) Input Format (NIF) spreadsheet 

structures developed under the Big 3 study to allow DEC to submit data to support the NEI. 

Only area source SCC records were extracted for the Fairbanks Borough in calendar year 2005, 

the nearest year to the SIP inventory 2008 base year. 

The SCC-level winter 2005 emissions from the earlier inventory were projected to 2008 using 

historical year-to-year county-wide population estimates compiled by the Alaska Department of 

Labor and Workforce Development (ADLWD) for use in the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory 

for this SIP. The three-year (2005-2008) population growth factor for Fairbanks from the 

historical ADLWD data was 1.026, reflecting the 2.6% increase applied to the 2005 Big 3 

emissions for Fairbanks in projecting emissions for other area sources to the 2008 Baseline. 

In compiling these other area source emission estimates, a series of SCC-level source category 

comparisons were made between the Big 3 inventory and EPA’s 2008 NEI inventory for 

Fairbanks nonpoint sources. In performing these comparisons, a gap was found in that 

commercial cooking emissions (e.g., from restaurant char broilers) had not been included in the 

Big 3 inventory. As a result, commercial cooking emissions within the Other Area Source sector 

of the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory were developed based on data from the 2008 NEI 

(Version 3). 

It is also noted that a number of source categories within the Other Area Source sector were 

estimated to have no emissions during episodic wintertime conditions. These “zeroed” 

wintertime source categories are listed below (with SCC codes in parentheses). 

 Fugitive Dust, Paved Roads (2294000000) 

 Fugitive Dust, Unpaved Roads (2296000000) 

 Industrial Processes, Petroleum Refining, Asphalt Paving Materials (2306010000) 

 

14 L. Williams, et al., “Criteria Pollutant Inventory for Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau in 

2002, 2005 and 2018,” prepared for Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Sierra 

Research Report No. SR2009-02-01, February 2009. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-22 

 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Architectural Coatings (2401001000) 

 Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Commercial, Asphalt Application (2461020000) 

 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires (2810001000) 

 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Firefighting Training (2810035000) 

Some of these source categories, notably those for fugitive dust and forest wildfires, have 

significant summer season (and annual average) emissions; however, emissions from these 

categories do not occur during winter conditions in Fairbanks when road and land surfaces are 

covered by snow and ice. 

On-Road Mobile Sources – Emissions from on-road motor vehicles were developed within the 

2008 Baseline modeling inventory using locally developed vehicle travel activity estimates and 

fleet characteristics as inputs to EPA’s MOVES2010a vehicle emissions model.15 To support the 

gridded inventory structure and episodic (daily/hourly) emission estimates of the modeling 

inventory, MOVES2010a was used to generate detailed fleet emission rates and was combined 

with EPA’s SMOKE-MOVES integration tool to pass the highly resolved and emission processspecific emission rates into input structures required by the SMOKE inventory pre-processing 

model. 

For the 2008 Baseline inventory, MOVES inputs were based primarily on data gathered as part 

of the conformity analysis for the Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation System (FMATS) 

2012-2015 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP).16 FMATS is the Metropolitan Planning 

Organization (MPO) for Fairbanks. The timing of the FMATS TIP was such that it was one of 

the first regional conformity analyses conducted using MOVES. Inputs for that conformity 

analysis were derived from local transportation modeling efforts, vehicle registration data, and 

other local data. The transportation and other vehicle activity data are discussed below. The 

remaining fleet characteristics and other MOVES inputs are discussed in Appendix III.D.5.6. 

Regional Travel Model Vehicle Activity – Vehicle activity on the FMATS transportation network 

was based on the TransCAD travel demand modeling performed for the 2012-2015 TIP. The 

TransCAD modeling network covers the entire Fairbanks PM2.5 non-attainment area and its 

major links extend beyond the non-attainment area boundary, as illustrated in Figure 5.6-6. 

 

15 Although EPA has released subsequent versions, MOVES2010b (initially released in May 

2012 and updated in October 2012 and MOVES2014 (released on July 31, 2014), the vehicle 

emissions portion of the SIP inventory was initiated before these newer version release dates. 

Moreover, for the primary criteria pollutants contained in the modeling inventory, the differences 

between MOVES2010a and MOVES2010b are not significant. MOVES2014 was not 

considered for use in the SIP since it was released in the latter stages of the SIP’s development. 16 T. Carlson, R. Dulla, “Draft Conformity Analysis for Federally Approved 2012-2015 FMATS 

Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), prepared for Fairbanks Metropolitan Area 

Transportation System, July 18, 2011. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-23 

Figure 5.6-6. FMATS TransCAD Modeling Network 

The TransCAD model was configured using 2010 U.S. Census-based socioeconomic data. 

TransCAD modeling was performed for a 2010 base year and a projected 2035 horizon year. 

Projected population and household data relied on Census 2010 projections and a 1% annual 

growth rate in forecasted employment based on the information from the Institute of Social and 

Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Alaska, Anchorage. 

Link-level TransCAD outputs were processed to develop several of the travel activity related 

inputs required by MOVES. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) tabulated across the TransCAD 

network for the 2010 base year and 2035 forecast year are presented in Table 5.6-6. 

 

RICHARDSON HWY

Goldstream Rd

BADGER RD

OLD MURPHY DOME RD

STEESE HWY

ELLIOT HWY

PEEDE RD

REPP RD

PLACK RD

PEGER RD

AIRPORT WAY

CHENA PUMP RD

HURST RD

HOLMES RD

CHENA RIDGE RD

BALLAINE RD

GAFFNEY RD

COLLEGE RD

D ST

NELSON RD

JOHANSEN EXPY

UNIVERSITY AVE

2ND AVE

FARMERS LOOP RD

S CUSHMAN ST

FREEMAN RD

30TH AVE

SUMMIT DR

Steele Creek Rd

OLD RICHARDSON HWY

NEWBY RD

MONTGOMERY RD

Bennett Rd

DAWSON RD

17TH AVE

EASY ST

OLD RICHARDSON HWY

STEESE HWY

0 5 10 2.5 Miles

Ü

Fairbanks PM2.5

Non-Attainment Area Boundary
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-24 

Table 5.6-6 

TransCAD Average Daily VMT by Analysis Year, Daily Period and Fleet Category 

Period / 

Vehicle Type 

Entire Modeling Area (PM NA Area) 

2010 2035 % Change 

Daily Perioda

AM Peak (AM) 132,469 187,841 41.8%

PM Peak (PM) 380,135 509,440 34.0%

Off-Peak (OP) 1,206,159 1,587,234 31.6%

Vehicle Type

Passenger VMT 1,718,763 2,284,514 32.9%

Truck VMT 105,132 104,201 -0.9%

Total VMT 1,823,895 2,388,715 31.0% 

a

 VMT by daily period was developed for the passenger fleet; truck VMT was modeled only on a daily basis. 

Vehicle Activity Beyond FMATS Network – The geographic extent of the FMATS network 

covers a small portion of the entire Grid 3 attainment modeling domain. Traffic density in the 

broader Alaskan interior is likely to be less than that concentrated in Fairbanks (and have less 

impact on ambient air quality in Fairbanks). Nevertheless, for completeness, link-level travel 

estimates for major roadways beyond the FMATS network (and Fairbanks NA Area) were 

developed using a spatial (ArcGIS-compatible) “Road Centerline” polyline coverage for the 

Interior Alaska region developed by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public 

Facilities (ADOT&PF). This GIS layer identified locations of major highway/arterial routes 

within the Grid 3 domain broken down into individual milepost (MP) segments. 

These road centerline segments are shown in red in Figure 5.6-7 along with the smaller FMATS 

link network (green lines) and the extent of the SIP Grid 3 modeling domain (blue rectangle). 

Annual average daily traffic volumes (AADT) and VMT (determined by multiplying volume by 

segment length) were assigned to each segment based on a spreadsheet database of calendar year 

2007, 2008, and 2009 traffic volume data compiled by ADOT&PF’s Northern Region office. A 

Linear Reference System (LRS) approach was used to spatially assign volume and VMT data for 

each segment in the spreadsheet database to the links in the Road Centerline layer based on the 

route identifier number (CDS_NUM) and lineal milepost value. 

 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-25 

Figure 5.6-7. Additional ADOT&PF Roadway Links beyond FMATS Network 

Non-Road Mobile Sources – Non-road sources encompass all mobile sources that are not onroad vehicles.17 They include recreational and commercial off-road vehicles and equipment as 

well as aircraft, locomotives, recreational pleasure craft (boats) and marine vessels. (Neither 

commercial marine nor recreational vessel emissions are contained in the modeling inventory, as 

they do not operate in the arctic conditions experienced in the Fairbanks modeling domain during 

the winter.) 

NONROAD Model-Based – EPA’s latest NONROAD emissions model, NONROAD2008,18 was 

used to generate emissions from the following types of non-road vehicles and equipment: 

 Recreational vehicles (e.g., all-terrain vehicles, off-road motorcycles, snowmobiles); 

 Logging equipment (e.g., chain saws); 

 Agricultural equipment (e.g., tractors); 

 

17 Although recent versions of EPA’s NEI inventories (2008 and 2011) treat emissions for 

aircraft and supporting equipment and rail yard locomotive emissions as stationary point sources, 

emissions from these sources were “traditionally” located within the Non-Road source sector. 

18 U.S. EPA NONROAD Model, Version 2008a, released July 2009. 

PARKS HIGHWAY

RICHARDSON HIGHWAY

ELLIOTT HIGHWAY

ALASKA HIGHWAY

Yukon-Koyukuk

Denali

Fairbanks North Star

Southeast Fairbanks

DALTON HIGHWAY STEESE EXPRESSWAY/HIGHWAY

CHENA HOT SPRINGS ROAD

0 40 80 20 Miles Ü

FMATS Modeling Network and

Fairbanks PM2.5 NAA

SIP Modeling Domain

Beyond FMATS Centerline Links
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-26 

 Commercial equipment (e.g., welders and compressors); 

 Construction and mining equipment (e.g., graders and backhoes); 

 Industrial equipment (e.g., forklifts and sweepers); 

 Residential and commercial lawn and garden equipment (e.g., leaf and snow blowers); 

 Locomotive support/railway maintenance equipment (but not locomotives); and 

 Aircraft ground support equipment19 (but not aircraft). 

It is important to note that none of these non-road vehicle and equipment types listed above were 

federally regulated until the mid-1990s. (As parenthetically noted for the last two equipment 

categories in the list above, the NONROAD model estimates emissions of support equipment for 

the rail and air sectors, but emissions from locomotives and aircraft are not addressed by 

NONROAD and were calculated separately using other models/methods as described in the subsections that follow.) 

Default equipment populations and activity levels in the NONROAD model are based on 

national averages, then scaled down to represent smaller geographic areas on the basis of human 

population and proximity to recreational, industrial, and commercial facilities. EPA recognizes 

the limitations inherent in this “top-down” approach, and realizes that locally generated inputs to 

the model will increase the accuracy of the resulting output. Therefore, in cases where data were 

available (most notably snowmobiles and snow blowers), locally derived inputs that more 

accurately reflect the equipment population, growth rates, and wintertime activity levels in the 

Fairbanks area were substituted for EPA’s default input values. 

Nonexistent Wintertime Activity – Due to the severe outdoor weather conditions present in 

Fairbanks during the winter months, Fairbanks Borough staff determined that there is zero 

wintertime activity for a number of different equipment categories. Therefore, all activity and 

corresponding emissions for the following non-road equipment categories were removed from 

the episodic wintertime modeling inventory: 

 Lawn and Garden; 

 Agricultural Equipment; 

 Logging Equipment; 

 Pleasure Craft (i.e., personal watercraft, inboard and sterndrive motor boats); 

 Selected Recreational Equipment (i.e., golf carts, ATVs, off-road motorcycles); and 

 Commercial Equipment (i.e., generator sets, pressure washers, welders, pumps, A/C 

refrigeration units). 

Locomotive Emissions – Emissions for two types of locomotive activity were included in the 

emissions inventory: 

1) Line-Haul – locomotive emissions along rail lines within the modeling domain (from 

Healy to Fairbanks and Fairbanks to Eielson Air Force Base); and 

 

19 Although NONROAD can be configured to also estimate emissions from airport ground 

support equipment (GSE), GSE emissions were estimated using the EDMS model as described 

later. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-27 

2) Yard Switching – locomotive emissions from train switching activities within the 

Fairbanks and Eielson rail yards. 

Information on wintertime train activity (circa 2010) was obtained from the Alaska Railroad 

Corporation20 (ARRC), the sole rail utility operating within the modeling domain, providing both 

passenger and freight service. These activity data were combined with locomotive emission 

factors published by EPA21 to estimate rail emissions within the emissions inventory. 

Aircraft and Associated Airfield Emissions – Emissions were estimated from aircraft operations 

at three regional airfields within the modeling domain: (1) Fairbanks International Airport (FAI); 

(2) Fort Wainwright Army Post22 (FBK); and (3) Eielson Air Force Base (EIL). The aircraft 

emissions were developed using the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Emission and 

Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS). EDMS considers the physical characteristics of each 

airport along with detailed meteorological and operations information in order to estimate the 

overall emissions of aircraft, ground support equipment (GSE), and auxiliary power units 

(APUs) at each airport. At the time the analysis was performed, EDMS 5.1.3 was the latest 

available version. 

The EDMS model requires as input detailed information on landings and take-offs (LTO) for 

each aircraft type in order to assign GSE and estimate the associated emissions. Each LTO is 

assumed to comprise six distinct aircraft related emissions modes: startup, taxi out, take off, 

climb out, approach, and taxi in. The EDMS modeled defaults for time in mode and angle of 

climb out and approach were used for purposes of this analysis. In order to properly allocate 

aircraft emissions to each vertical layer of analysis (elevation above ground level), aircraft 

emissions were estimated for each mode and ascribed to a specific vertical layer. 

Appendix III.D.5.6 provides detailed descriptions of the activity inputs and NONROAD, EDMS, 

and locomotive emission modeling used to generate emissions for the Non-Road sector of the 

modeling inventory. 

Modeling Inventory Assembly and Pre-Processing – Emissions estimates across all sectors of the 

modeling inventory were generated at the SCC level and either directly gridded into the 1.3 km 

cells of the Grid 3 modeling domain (e.g., for point and space heating area sources) or assembled 

into spatial surrogate profiles for use within the SMOKE inventory pre-processing model. 

For the three key source sectors (Point, Space Heating Area and On-Road Mobile), emissions 

were also temporally supplied to SMOKE on a day- and an hour-specific basis for each of the 35 

historical days encompassing the two attainment modeling episodes. For the remaining two 

source sectors (Other Area and Non-Road Mobile), emissions were temporally supplied to 

 

20 Email from Greg Lotakis, Alaska Railroad Corporation to Bob Dulla, Sierra Research, 

May 10, 2011. 

21 “Emission Factors for Locomotives,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of 

Transportation and Air Quality, EPA-420-F-09-025, April 2009. 

22 Formerly Ladd Air Force Base.
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-28 

SMOKE using SCC-specific monthly, day of week and diurnal profiles based on surrogates 

described in Appendix III.D.5.6. 

2008 Baseline Modeling Inventory Emissions – 2008 Baseline modeling inventory emissions 

calculated using the data sources and methodologies summarized in the preceding paragraphs 

were tabulated by source sector and key subcategory and are presented as follows. 

Table 5.6-7 and Table 5.6-8 show 2008 Baseline emissions tabulated by source sector with actual 

(green shaded) and PTE (red shaded) emissions, respectively, for the Point source sector. (The 

Space Heating and On-Road sectors are further broken out into key subcategories.) Emissions 

are shown in both tables for the entire Grid 3 modeling domain and the smaller PM2.5 nonattainment area and are presented on an average daily basis over the 35 episode days. 

Table 5.6-7 

2008 Baseline Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector, 

Actual Point Source Emissions 

 

Source Sector 

Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (Actual) 1.423 8.380 13.395 0.096 <0.001a 1.412 8.167 13.285 0.096 <0.001a

Area, Space Heating 3.098 4.286 2.391 12.369 0.149 2.756 3.865 2.182 11.058 0.136

Area, Space Heat, Wood 2.986 0.095 0.421 12.207 0.110 2.656 0.084 0.373 10.914 0.098

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.062 4.121 1.774 0.098 0.003 0.056 3.719 1.617 0.088 0.003

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.050 0.070 0.196 0.065 0.037 0.043 0.062 0.192 0.056 0.035

Area, Other 0.064 0.000 0.003 0.692 0.000 0.061 0.000 0.002 0.569 0.000

On-Road 0.811 0.057 5.743 7.439 0.088 0.676 0.046 4.625 5.725 0.071

On-Road, Running Exh 0.503 0.050 4.322 0.941 0.088 0.435 0.040 3.561 0.765 0.071

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.308 0.008 1.421 6.410 0.000 0.242 0.006 1.064 4.894 0.000

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.238 0.151 2.135 12.262 0.005 0.027 0.077 1.088 0.451 0.003

TOTALS 5.633 12.875 23.667 32.859 0.242 4.932 12.155 21.182 17.898 0.210 a

 Actual NH3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as 

explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

Although 2008 Baseline inventories are shown reflecting both actual and PTE emissions within 

the point source sector, attainment modeling (both model validation and attainment 

demonstration modeling) described in later Section 5.8 was based on actual point source 

emissions for the 2008 baseline in accordance with CAA Section 172(c)(3). 

For completeness, inventory summaries are generally presented for both actual and PTE point 

source emissions throughout the remainder of this chapter. Attainment modeling described in 

Section 5.8 was based on actual emissions for the 2008 baseline and examined both actual and 

PTE emissions for future years (e.g., 2015) in accordance with EPA guidance23. 

 

23 “Guidance on the Use of Models and Other Analyses for Demonstrating Attainment of Air 

Quality Goals for Ozone, PM2.5, and Regional Haze,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

EPA-454/B-07-002, April 2007. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-29 

Table 5.6-8 

2008 Baseline Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector, 

PTE Point Source Emissions 

 

Source Sector 

Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (PTE) 2.773 26.612 29.609 0.845 <0.001a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001a

Area, Space Heating 3.098 4.286 2.391 12.369 0.149 2.756 3.865 2.182 11.058 0.136

Area, Space Heat, Wood 2.986 0.095 0.421 12.207 0.110 2.656 0.084 0.373 10.914 0.098

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.062 4.121 1.774 0.098 0.003 0.056 3.719 1.617 0.088 0.003

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.050 0.070 0.196 0.065 0.037 0.043 0.062 0.192 0.056 0.035

Area, Other 0.064 0.000 0.003 0.692 0.000 0.061 0.000 0.002 0.569 0.000

On-Road 0.811 0.057 5.743 7.439 0.088 0.676 0.046 4.625 5.725 0.071

On-Road, Running Exh 0.503 0.050 4.322 0.941 0.088 0.435 0.040 3.561 0.765 0.071

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.308 0.008 1.421 6.410 0.000 0.242 0.006 1.064 4.894 0.000

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.238 0.151 2.135 12.262 0.005 0.027 0.077 1.088 0.451 0.003

TOTALS 6.983 31.107 39.881 33.607 0.242 5.115 26.961 35.290 18.628 0.210 a

 Actual NH3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as 

explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

To provide a clearer picture of the relative emissions contributions of each source sector, Figure 

5.6-8 through Figure 5.6-12 provide “pie chart” breakdowns (as a percentage of total emissions) 

for PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOC, and NH3 emissions, respectively, within the non-attainment area 

based on actual point source emissions. (The breakdowns are similar for the larger Grid 3 

domain and thus are not shown.) 

As seen in Figure 5.6-8, space heating dominates episodic emissions of PM2.5, representing 

roughly 56% of total PM2.5 emitted within the non-attainment area. Wood-burning alone 

contributes nearly 54% to total PM2.5. Point sources and on-road vehicles comprise 29% and 

14% of total PM2.5, respectively. All other area sources and non-road mobile sources combined 

encompass under 2%. 

As shown in Figure 5.6-9 through Figure 5.6-12, the predominant source category for each 

gaseous precursor pollutant varies. Emissions of SO2 largely come from point sources and 

secondarily from oil-burning heating devices. Point sources are the major contributors of 

episodic NOx, while wood-burning space heating is the largest source of VOC. For NH3, in the 

absence of data for point sources, wood-burning space heating is the largest contributor of those 

source sectors for which emission data were available. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-30 

Figure 5.6-8. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, Actual Point Source 

Emissions, Relative PM2.5 Contributions (%) 

Figure 5.6-9. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, Actual Point Source 

Emissions, Relative SO2 Contributions (%) 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-31 

Figure 5.6-10. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, Actual Point 

Source Emissions, Relative NOx Contributions (%) 

Figure 5.6-11. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, Actual Point 

Source Emissions, Relative VOC Contributions (%) 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-32 

Figure 5.6-12. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, Actual Point 

Source Emissions, Relative NH3 Contributions (%) 

Figure 5.6-13 through Figure 5.6-17 provide similar source contribution breakdowns using PTE 

rather than actual point source emissions. Not surprisingly, point sources represent a larger share 

relative to total emissions when using their PTE, rather than actual, emissions. 

Figure 5.6-13. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, PTE Point Source 

Emissions, Relative PM2.5 Contributions (%) 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-33 

Figure 5.6-14. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, PTE Point Source 

Emissions, Relative SO2 Contributions (%) 

Figure 5.6-15. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, PTE Point Source 

Emissions, Relative NOx Contributions (%) 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-34 

Figure 5.6-16. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, PTE Point Source 

Emissions, Relative VOC Contributions (%) 

Figure 5.6-17. 2008 Baseline Episodic Non-Attainment Area Emissions, PTE Point Source 

Emissions, Relative NH3 Contributions (%) 

Finally, Figure 5.6-18 through Figure 5.6-22 illustrate how PM2.5 emissions under episodic 

wintertime conditions are spatially distributed across the non-attainment area and immediately 

surrounding region. In each figure, the density or amount of emissions within each 1.3 km grid 

cell is depicted using color shaded intervals shown on the legend of each plot. Dark green cells 

represent regions of little or no emissions, ramping up through yellow and orange to red, which 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-35 

identifies cells with the highest PM2.5 emissions. The emission units used are pounds (lb) per 

day and represent averaged values across all 35 modeling episode days. 

First, Figure 5.6-18 presents the spatial emissions distribution for all inventory sources within 

each grid cell. Figure 5.6-19 through Figure 5.6-22 then show individual distributions for each 

source sector (using some aggregation of earlier tabulations and plots) as follows: 

 Figure 5.6-19 – Space Heating sources; 

 Figure 5.6-20 – Point sources; 

 Figure 5.6-21 – On-Road Mobile sources; and 

 Figure 5.6-22 – Other Area and Non-Road mobile sources. 

The same color-shaded emission density intervals are used across both the “all sources” and 

individual source sector plots to visually identify both the areas where modeled emissions are 

highest as well as indicate which source sector(s) contribute to total emissions in those grid cells. 

Figure 5.6-18. 2008 Baseline Gridded PM2.5 Emissions, All Sources 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-36 

Figure 5.6-19. 2008 Baseline Gridded PM2.5 Emissions, Space Heating Sources 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-37 

Figure 5.6-20. 2008 Baseline Gridded PM2.5 Emissions, Point Sources 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-38 

Figure 5.6-21. 2008 Baseline Gridded PM2.5 Emissions, On-Road Sources 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-39 

Figure 5.6-22. 2008 Baseline Gridded PM2.5 Emissions, Other Area and Non-Road Sources 

5.6.2.2	Base	Year	Planning	Inventories	

In addition to the 2008 Baseline modeling inventory used to support the attainment analysis, two 

2008 base year emission inventories were developed as listed earlier in Table 5.6-1 to satisfy 

EPA regulatory and CAA requirements: (1) a statewide annual inventory to satisfy EPA 

regulations; and (2) a non-attainment area inventory to meet CAA 172(c)(3) requirements. Each 

of these planning inventories is described separately below. 

2008 Statewide Base Year Planning Inventory – The statewide Base Year inventory compiled to 

satisfy EPA regulations was developed simply from EPA’s 2008 National Emissions Inventory 

(NEI). The NEI is a comprehensive nationwide inventory compiled by EPA at the state and 

county level based on emissions data and source activity inputs provided every three years by 

state, local, and tribal agencies that is reviewed and supplemented with EPA’s own estimates for 

specific source categories (e.g., on-road mobile sources). 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-40 

As required under EPA regulations, the statewide Base Year inventory represents emissions on 

an annual (tons per year) basis, representing both summer and winter activity and emissions, and 

contains estimates of actual (rather than permitted or PTE) emissions from stationary point 

sources. 

Table 5.6-9 presents Alaska statewide annual emissions for all criteria pollutants based on EPA’s 

2008 NEI Version 324 inventory. The estimates in Table 5.6-9 were developed by culling records 

for Alaska emission sources from the “All Sector” National-County aggregated sector database 

downloaded from the 2008 NEI website.25 

These NEI emissions were compiled by EPA by Emission Inventory Sector (EIS) as shown in 

Table 5.6-9. The data are summarized by EIS to provide a more detailed breakdown of 

emissions by each of the nearly 50 sector categories and to avoid confusion with subsequent 

inventory estimates presented for the Fairbanks PM2.5 non-attainment area that are summarized 

in the traditional “Point, Area (Nonpoint), Onroad, Nonroad” source type basis. In the 2008 NEI 

(and subsequent NEI inventories), EPA relocated emissions from aircraft takeoff/landing 

operation, airport Ground Support Equipment (GSE) and Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) activity, 

and rail yard locomotive emissions from the Non-Road sector to the Stationary Point sector. 

Thus, the NEI-based statewide 2008 Base Year inventory is summarized by EIS category rather 

than the traditional data category groups. 

 

 

24 Version 3 version of the 2008 NEI was released in March 2013 and included updated estimates 

of on-road mobile source emissions using EPA’s latest (at the time) MOVES2010b vehicle 

emissions model. 

25 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-41 

Table 5.6-9 

2008 Base Year Alaska Statewide Annual Emissions Inventory 

Annual Emissions (tons/year) 

Emission Inventory Sector (EIS) VOC CO NOx SO2 PM10 PM2.5 NH3

Agriculture - Crops & Livestock Dust 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bulk Gasoline Terminals 25 4 2 0 0 0 0

Commercial Cooking 25 65 0 0 175 175 0

Dust - Construction Dust 0 0 0 0 7,954 795 0

Dust - Paved Road Dust 0 0 0 0 1,950 487 0

Dust - Unpaved Road Dust 0 0 0 0 84,484 8,401 0

Fires – Wildfires 2,159 46,498 899 247 4,499 4,149 209

Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Coal 2 185 510 253 7 4 0

Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Natural Gas 2 35 42 1 3 3 0

Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Oil 10 84 322 122 15 13 0

Fuel Comb - Comm/Institutional - Other 16 305 39 3 1 1 0

Fuel Comb - Electric Generation - Coal 91 1,583 1,437 990 116 101 164

Fuel Comb - Electric Generation - Natural Gas 401 2,542 9,996 134 278 278 5

Fuel Comb - Electric Generation - Oil 404 1,925 14,459 1,499 308 290 0

Fuel Comb - Electric Generation - Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Coal 14 616 676 733 14 9 0

Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Natural Gas 512 8,841 36,959 921 1,059 1,054 0

Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Oil 108 1,020 4,023 392 210 204 0

Fuel Comb - Industrial Boilers, ICEs - Other 1 2 5 2 3 3 0

Fuel Comb - Residential - Natural Gas 57 412 969 6 5 4 206

Fuel Comb - Residential – Oil 32 231 831 1,966 110 98 46

Fuel Comb - Residential – Other 226 6,157 268 215 140 86 45

Fuel Comb - Residential – Wood 1,112 6,186 94 17 899 898 51

Gas Stations 2,979 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial Processes - Chemical Manuf 0 1 34 0 0 0 7

Industrial Processes – Mining 0 0 0 0 5,265 673 0

Industrial Processes – NEC 40 20 35 19 621 274 0

Industrial Processes - Non-ferrous Metals 0 0 3 2 1 1 0

Industrial Processes - Oil & Gas Production 721 2,678 1,499 151 190 181 1

Industrial Processes - Petroleum Refineries 989 251 683 90 90 70 1

Industrial Processes - Storage and Transfer 1,306 0 0 0 19 16 0

Miscellaneous Non-Industrial NEC 857 0 1 0 0 0 0

Mobile – Aircraft 950 10,644 3,020 296 172 70 0

Mobile - Commercial Marine Vessels 609 3,943 24,370 5,180 1,179 1,114 11

Mobile – Locomotives 73 203 1,730 15 42 41 0

Mobile - Non-Road Equipment - Diesel 290 2,752 2,583 361 214 207 2

Mobile - Non-Road Equipment - Gasoline 18,639 65,641 731 15 491 452 5

Mobile - Non-Road Equipment - Other 40 913 187 8 11 11 0

Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy Duty Vehicles 453 1,923 7,516 207 695 651 13

Mobile - On-Road Diesel Light Duty Vehicles 19 72 125 5 16 15 1

Mobile - On-Road Gasoline Heavy Duty Vehicles 325 7,662 542 14 34 28 7

Mobile - On-Road Gasoline Light Duty Vehicles 5,943 108,088 7,513 265 612 500 209

Solvent - Consumer & Commercial Solvent Use 2,915 0 0 0 0 0 0

Solvent - Dry Cleaning 140 0 0 0 0 0 0

Solvent - Industrial Surface Coating & Solvent Use 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

Solvent - Non-Industrial Surface Coating 1,033 0 0 0 0 0 0

Waste Disposal 382 4,899 426 104 1,023 935 20

TOTALS 43,902 286,381 122,530 14,234 112,905 22,295 1,003
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-42 

2008 Non-Attainment Area Base Year Planning Inventory – 2008 Base Year emission estimates 

were also compiled for the Fairbanks PM2.5 Non-Attainment Area (shown earlier in Figure 5.6-

1). These Fairbanks Non-Attainment Area (NA Area) planning inventory emissions were 

developed on both an annual average daily and a winter season average daily basis to address 

CAA 172(c)(3) requirements. 

Two different approaches, summarized below, were considered in developing these NA Area 

Base Year planning emissions estimates. 

1. NEI-Based – Spatial scaling of 2008 NEI emissions for the Fairbanks North Star Borough 

to the smaller NA Area and temporal scaling of annual NEI estimates to winter season 

average daily estimates. 

2. Modeling Inventory-Based – Use of detailed “bottom-up” based emission estimates 

compiled by grid cell for both the entire modeling domain and the portion within the NA 

Area and temporal scaling of episodic daily emissions to annual and winter season 

average daily estimates. 

The latter approach was determined to be the best alternative, utilizing detailed estimates of 

individual source category emissions based on locally collected activity data (and emission factor 

data for key source types) used to support the more rigorously developed modeling inventories, 

despite sacrificing potential consistency with the NEI.26

Table 5.6-10 presents estimates of 2008 Base Year NA Area annual and winter season average 

daily emissions (in tons/day) tabulated using the traditional “Point, Area, Onroad, Nonroad” 

source types. Within selected source types (Area and Onroad), emissions are further broken out 

into key source groups based on similar stratifications used in summarizing modeling inventory 

emissions. As noted in the first row of Table 5.6-10, PTE, rather than actual emissions are 

presented for the NA Area inventory in accordance with CAA 172(c)(3) requirements. 

The annual average daily emissions shown in Table 5.6-10 were roughly estimated based on 

temporal scaling factors used to ratio average daily episodic emissions from the modeling 

inventory. The winter season average daily emissions for the NA Area planning inventory were 

simply estimated as equal to average daily episodic emissions. For emission sources whose 

activity or emission factors are dependent on ambient temperature, these simplistic estimates of 

winter season average daily emissions would actually be lower than those listed in the rightmost 

columns of Table 5.6-10. 

 

26 In developing the NEI, EPA has not fully accounted for Alaska-specific conditions. Although 

the NEI itself includes data submitted by Alaska State, local, and tribal air agencies, it often 

utilizes emission factors for some source categories based on Lower-48 conditions. Moreover, 

ancillary inventory spatial/temporal allocation databases either do not extend to Alaska or are not 

adequately representative of strong seasonal source activity variations (e.g., space heating) 

resulting from harsh Arctic winters. The purpose of this footnote is not to criticize EPA’s 

efforts, but to clarify the underlying rationale for utilizing locally developed emission estimates. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-43 

Table 5.6-10 

2008 Non-Attainment Area Base Year Planning Emissions Inventory 

Source Type/Category 

Annual Average Day (tons/day) Winter Season Average Day (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (PTE) 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001 

Area, Space Heating 1.481 2.351 1.322 5.901 0.073 2.756 3.865 2.182 11.058 0.136 

Area, Space Heat, Wood 1.427 0.051 0.226 5.824 0.053 2.656 0.084 0.373 10.914 0.098 

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.030 2.262 0.980 0.047 0.002 0.056 3.719 1.617 0.088 0.003 

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.023 0.038 0.117 0.030 0.019 0.043 0.062 0.192 0.056 0.035 

Area, Other 22.499 0.000 3.645 13.354 0.000 0.061 0.000 0.002 0.569 0.000 

On-Road 0.772 0.070 4.966 8.212 0.072 0.676 0.046 4.625 5.725 0.071 

On-Road, Running Exh 0.496 0.062 3.823 1.098 0.072 0.435 0.040 3.561 0.765 0.071 

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.276 0.009 1.143 7.019 0.000 0.242 0.006 1.064 4.894 0.000 

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.095 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000 

Non-Road 0.019 0.073 1.112 0.270 0.003 0.027 0.077 1.088 0.451 0.003 

TOTALS 26.364 25.468 38.438 28.563 0.148 5.115 26.961 35.290 18.628 0.210 a

 Actual nonattainment area ammonia emissions for point sources were estimated as 0.00008 tons/average day (0.03 

tons/year) as explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

Table 5.6-11 lists the scaling factors that were developed and applied by pollutant within each 

source type/group to generate the estimates of annual average daily emissions shown in Table 

5.6-10 by applying these factors to average daily episodic emission estimates from the modeling 

inventory. For Space Heating Area sources, the scaling factors were developed based on 

comparisons of winter, summer, and annual average Fairbanks space heating emissions 

generated for Fairbanks under the aforementioned Big 3 inventory study, coupled with a Heating 

Degree Day (HDD) adjustment to account for differences between temperature under the 

modeling episodes versus the six-month (Oct-Mar) winter season estimates from the Big 3 study. 

The On-Road Mobile scaling factors were similarly developed from earlier Big 3 estimates, but 

without the HDD adjustment. For the Other Area and Non-Road Mobile sectors, the scaling 

factors were calculated directly from winter and annual emission estimates generated for those 

sectors. 

Table 5.6-11 

Temporal Scaling Factors for Non-Attainment Area Annual Planning Emissions 

 Source Type/Group 

Episodic/Annual Scaling Factors 

PM2.5 SO2 NOX VOC NH3

Point N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 

Area, Space Heating 1.862 1.644 1.650 1.874 1.857 

Area, Other 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.043 0.000 

Mobile, On-Road 0.876 0.655 0.931 0.697 0.994 

Mobile, Non-Road 1.456 1.046 0.979 1.669 1.022 

N/A – Not applicable. 

Based on the manner in which they were calculated, the scaling factors represent ratios of winter 

episodic-to-annual emissions. Thus, annual emissions in Table 5.6-10 were calculated from 

episodic emissions by dividing by the scaling factors in Table 5.6-11. (For example, annual 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-44 

average daily space heating emissions for PM2.5 were estimated as 2.756 ÷ 1.862 = 1.481 

tons/day.) 

5.6.3. 2015	AND	2019 PROJECTED	BASELINE	INVENTORIES

Emission inventories for the two future years examined in this SIP—2015 (the Moderate Area 

attainment target year) and 2019 (the year in which attainment is projected to occur)—were 

developed in two stages. The first stage, referred to as the Project Baseline inventories, consists 

of forecasting emissions from the baseline year (2008) into future years (2015 and 2019) based 

only on the effects of projected demographic/economic trends and already adopted federal, State, 

and local control measures that existed prior to the development of this SIP. (The second and 

final stage, referred to as Control inventories, incorporates incremental emission reductions from 

control programs and measures adopted under this SIP and are discussed in the following subsection.) 

5.6.3.1	Emissions	Projection	Methodology	

Growth Factors – Levels of projected source activity growth can vary depending upon the type 

of source category. A series of potential growth factors were assembled from several sources for 

use in forecasting the activity component of 2008 baseline emissions forward to 2015 and 2019. 

Table 5.6-12 below summarizes the growth rates applied to project activity by source sector and 

the sources or assumptions upon which they were based. 

Table 5.6-12 

Summary of Growth Rates Applied in Projected Baseline Inventories 

Source Type/Group 

Annualized 

Growth Rate 

(% per year) Growth Rate Source/Assumptions 

Point, Actual Zero Assumed held constant at 2008 levels due to uncertainty of 

activity growth and fuel switching for specific facilities 

Point, PTE Zero DEC Permit files, generally reflecting no significant changes in 

permitted emission limits from 2008 through 2014 

Area, Space Heating 1.2% average 

over domain 

Projected household growth rates (2010-2030) by Census block 

group developed by the FNSB Community Planning 

Department, annualized growth rates ranged from 0.3% to 3.5%

Area, Other 1.0% Projected 2010-2030 population growth rate for FNSB 

developed by the FNSB Community Planning Department 

Mobile, On-Road 1.1% Developed from FMATS 2010 and 2035 travel model outputs 

supporting the 2012-2015 TIP 

Mobile, Non-Road Equip. 

Ranged from 

-0.4% to 

+1.6% 

County-level long-term population projections developed by 

the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development 

for each of four counties in Grid 3 modeling domain 

Mobile, Aircraft & Rail Zero Assumed held constant at 2008 levels, based on discussions 

with local rail and airport personnel 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-45 

Existing Controls – Effects of emission controls from adopted control programs (that reduce unit 

emission factors for specific source categories in future years) were also accounted for in the 

projected baseline inventories. These adopted control programs and how they were modeled are 

listed below: 

 On-Road Vehicles – Effects of federal Motor Vehicle Control Program and Diesel 

Emission Reduction Programs and fuel standards, coupled with Alaska Ultra Low Sulfur 

Diesel (ULSD) phase in were accounted for within EPA’s MOVES2010a model. 

 Non-Road Vehicles and Equipment – Effect of federal fuel and Alaska ULSD programs 

for non-road fuel were modeled using EPA’s NONROAD2008a model. 

 Open Burning – The Projected Baseline (and Baseline) inventories incorporated effects 

from Borough and State measures that ban open burning during the winter season. 

 Space Heating and Solid Fuel Heating Programs – Effects of the Alaska Housing 

Finance Corporation (AHFC) Home Energy Rebate and Weatherization programs were 

assumed to be implicitly accounted for through use of recently-collected residential home 

heating surveys. In other words, the mix of devices and usage rates obtained from these 

surveys were assumed to account for historical effects of device replacements and 

weatherization efficiency improvements from the AHFC programs. (An analysis of 

AHFC program data collected from program inception in 2008 through 201127 found 

very modest emission reduction benefits from four years of accumulated participation in 

the program based on these data. As a result, projected additional benefits beyond 2011 

were excluded from the 2015 and 2019 Projected Baseline inventories.) 

Other Adjustments – In addition to the effects of these adopted controls, an activity reduction 

factor was applied for wood-burning devices within the space heating sector in projecting 2008 

baseline emissions forward to 2015 and 2019. This factor accounts for a trend toward lower 

average wood moisture content (which reduces wood use and per unit emissions) measured in 

multiple local home heating telephone surveys toward greater use of owner-cut, rather than 

commercially purchased, wood. From local moisture measurement studies, owner-cut wood was 

found to be significantly drier on average than commercially purchased wood because of longer 

drying times and more effective storage practices. 

Table 5.6-13 shows the splits between the “Cut Own” and “Buy” wood source groups, their 

estimated average moisture levels, and how the shift toward greater use of owner-cut wood after 

2008 affected composite moisture content and wood-burning emissions. Wood moisture was 

estimated to be much higher (64.2%) for commercially purchased wood compared to owner-cut 

and dried wood (26.6% as shown in in the Moisture Content column of Table 5.6-13). 

 

27 Email from Nathan Wiltse, CCHRC to Bob Dulla, Sierra Research, February 13, 2012. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-46 

Table 5.6-13 

Wood Source Shift Adjustment Effects on Projected Baseline Emissions 

Wood Source 

Group 

Moisture 

Content (%)*

2008 Baseline Usage 

Mix 

2015 and Later Usage Mix 

(from multiple 2013 surveys) 

Buy 64.2% 35.0% 26.2% 

Cut Own 26.6% 65.0% 73.8% 

Composite Avg. Moisture Level: 39.7% 36.4% 

Relative Reduction in Wood Energy Use & Emissions: 2.4% 

* Moisture content on a dry basis. 

From surveys conducted between 2007 and 2013, a shift has been observed in greater use of 

owner cut wood (73.8% from multiple 2013 surveys vs. 65.0% in 2008). The effects of this 

overall reduction in average moisture content (from 39.7% to 36.4%) was calculated to result in 

a 2.4% reduction in wood use (and emissions) due to the fact that drier wood loses less latent 

heat, supplying greater effective heating energy. Because the shift to a higher fraction of ownercut wood was observed in multiple 2013 surveys (the Wood Tag and Purchase surveys), this 

2.4% moisture-driven wood usage reduction was applied in calculating wood-burning device 

emissions in the 2015 and 2019 projected baseline inventories. The State plans to continue 

performing periodic surveys going forward to confirm the permanence of this shift. 

A second adjustment factor was also applied for wood-burning devices in the space heating 

sector to account for “natural” turnover of older uncertified wood stoves and fireplace inserts 

over time based on clear trends observed from the residential home heating surveys that preceded 

the Borough’s Wood Stove Change Out (WSCO) program, which began in mid-2010. 

In 1988, EPA adopted28 New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for new residential woodburning heaters (stoves and fireplace inserts) under 40 CFR §60.530-539b that require devices to 

meet EPA-certified PM2.5 emission standards of 7.5 grams/hour (g/hr) for non-catalytic devices 

and 4.1 g/hr for catalytic devices. Over time, older uncertified wood heating devices are being 

replaced as homeowners purchase new wood heaters.29 

Figure 5.6-23 shows the downward trend or natural turnover in the fraction of indoor wood 

heaters (stoves and inserts) that are uncertified. The data points shown for calendar years 2006 

through 2012 represent uncertified device fractions calculated from annual residential Home 

Heating (HH) surveys. The black line is an exponential “best fit” curve of these data. The 

dashed red line represented an extension of this fitted curve out to 2019. (The data in Figure 5.6-

23 have not been adjusted to account for the effect of currently sold exempted devices. 

However, as explained in Appendix III.D.5.6, these exempted devices are accounted for in the 

inventory.) 

 

28 Federal Register, Volume 53, pg. 5873, February 26, 1988. 

29 Not all indoor wood burning devices currently sold are EPA-certified. The 1988 (and 1998 

amended) NSPS contains language that exempts certain wood-burning devices. As described in 

Appendix III.D.5.6, special survey data were collected to account for the fraction of the 

exempted wood devices that are still currently sold. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-47 

Figure 5.6-23. Fairbanks Home Heating Survey-Based Trend in Uncertified Wood 

Stoves/Inserts 

The adjustment factor for natural turnover of uncertified wood stoves/insert was calculated based 

on the declining percentage of these devices over time as shown in Figure 5.6-23. Since the 

EPA-certified non-catalytic and catalytic stoves are projected to represent an increasing fraction 

of wood stoves/inserts over time and have lower emission factors than uncertified devices, 

average wood stove/insert emissions are projected to decrease over time due to this natural 

turnover. Appendix III.D.5.6 contains these detailed calculations. 

5.6.3.2	Projected	Baseline	Inventory	Summaries	

Using the projected activity growth factors (and wood usage adjustment) and emission factors 

representing future effects of adopted mobile source control programs as summarized in the 

preceding sub-section, project baseline inventories were developed for 2015 and 2019. 

Table 5.6-14 and Table 5.6-15 present summaries of the 2015 Projected Baseline modeling 

inventory with actual and PTE emissions from point sources, respectively. Even though 

emissions were generated at the SCC level by modeling episode day and hour, emissions are 

shown in the same tabulated source sector and daily average structure as the earlier 2008 

Baseline inventory. 

 

y = 1.6957E+121e‐1.3945E‐01x

R2 = 9.3679E‐01

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Uncertified Wood Stove/Insert Fraction

Calendar Year

HH Surveys

Projected Trend

Curve Fit
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-48 

Table 5.6-14 

2015 Projected Baseline Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector, 

Actual Point Source Emissions 

 

Source Sector 

Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (Actual) 1.423 8.380 13.395 0.096 <0.001a 1.412 8.167 13.285 0.096 <0.001a

Area, Space Heating 3.173 4.768 2.639 11.695 0.152 2.834 4.303 2.409 10.520 0.139

Area, Space Heat, Wood 3.048 0.104 0.466 11.515 0.111 2.723 0.093 0.414 10.359 0.099

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.070 4.587 1.974 0.109 0.004 0.063 4.143 1.800 0.098 0.003

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.055 0.076 0.200 0.071 0.037 0.048 0.068 0.195 0.062 0.036

Area, Other 0.067 0.000 0.003 0.735 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.002 0.604 0.000

On-Road 0.552 0.022 3.127 4.424 0.063 0.461 0.017 2.503 3.405 0.051

On-Road, Running Exh 0.351 0.019 2.157 0.425 0.063 0.303 0.015 1.776 0.346 0.051

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.201 0.003 0.970 3.912 0.000 0.158 0.002 0.726 2.993 0.000

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.197 0.158 2.154 9.401 0.006 0.025 0.082 1.062 0.403 0.003

TOTALS 5.413 13.327 21.318 26.351 0.221 4.796 12.569 19.261 15.027 0.193 a

 Actual NH3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as 

explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

Table 5.6-15 

2015 Projected Baseline Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector, 

PTE Point Source Emissions 

 

Source Sector 

Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (Allowable, PTE) 2.773 26.612 29.609 0.845 <0.001a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001a

Area, Space Heating 3.173 4.768 2.639 11.695 0.152 2.834 4.303 2.409 10.520 0.139

Area, Space Heat, Wood 3.048 0.104 0.466 11.515 0.111 2.723 0.093 0.414 10.359 0.099

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.070 4.587 1.974 0.109 0.004 0.063 4.143 1.800 0.098 0.003

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.055 0.076 0.200 0.071 0.037 0.048 0.068 0.195 0.062 0.036

Area, Other 0.067 0.000 0.003 0.735 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.002 0.604 0.000

On-Road 0.552 0.022 3.127 4.424 0.063 0.461 0.017 2.503 3.405 0.051

On-Road, Running Exh 0.351 0.019 2.157 0.425 0.063 0.303 0.015 1.776 0.346 0.051

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.201 0.003 0.970 3.912 0.000 0.158 0.002 0.726 2.993 0.000

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.197 0.158 2.154 9.401 0.006 0.025 0.082 1.062 0.403 0.003

TOTALS 6.763 31.559 37.532 27.100 0.221 4.979 27.376 33.369 15.758 0.193 a

 Actual NH3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as 

explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

Comparing emissions between these tables and those for the 2008 Baseline presented earlier in 

Section 5.6.2, PM2.5 emissions decrease by roughly 3% over the Grid 3 modeling domain due to 

the trends of lower wood moisture and reduced fractions of uncertified wood stoves/inserts 

factored into the projected baseline (coupled with demographic/economic growth factors). 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-49 

Similar tabulations for the 2019 Projected Baseline inventory are presented in Table 5.6-16 and 

Table 5.6-17. 

 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-50 

Table 5.6-16 

2019 Projected Baseline Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector, 

Actual Point Source Emissions 

 

Source Sector 

Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (Actual) 1.423 8.380 13.395 0.096 <0.001a 1.412 8.167 13.285 0.096 <0.001a

Area, Space Heating 3.284 5.021 2.774 11.843 0.156 2.937 4.537 2.535 10.674 0.143

Area, Space Heat, Wood 3.153 0.110 0.492 11.654 0.115 2.821 0.098 0.438 10.506 0.103

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.073 4.832 2.081 0.115 0.004 0.066 4.369 1.900 0.103 0.004

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.058 0.079 0.201 0.075 0.038 0.050 0.070 0.197 0.065 0.037

Area, Other 0.071 0.000 0.003 0.773 0.000 0.068 0.000 0.002 0.634 0.000

On-Road 0.485 0.021 2.350 2.934 0.058 0.406 0.017 1.872 2.258 0.048

On-Road, Running Exh 0.318 0.018 1.514 0.313 0.058 0.275 0.015 1.246 0.255 0.048

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.167 0.003 0.837 2.533 0.000 0.131 0.002 0.626 1.937 0.000

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.172 0.172 2.278 7.712 0.006 0.024 0.090 1.094 0.405 0.003

TOTALS 5.435 13.594 20.800 23.358 0.221 4.846 12.810 18.788 14.067 0.194 a

 Actual NH3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as 

explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

Table 5.6-17 

2019 Projected Baseline Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector, 

PTE Point Source Emissions 

 

Source Sector 

Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (PTE) 2.773 26.612 29.609 0.845 <0.001a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001a

Area, Space Heating 3.284 5.021 2.774 11.843 0.156 2.937 4.537 2.535 10.674 0.143

Area, Space Heat, Wood 3.153 0.110 0.492 11.654 0.115 2.821 0.098 0.438 10.506 0.103

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.073 4.832 2.081 0.115 0.004 0.066 4.369 1.900 0.103 0.004

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.058 0.079 0.201 0.075 0.038 0.050 0.070 0.197 0.065 0.037

Area, Other 0.071 0.000 0.003 0.773 0.000 0.068 0.000 0.002 0.634 0.000

On-Road 0.485 0.021 2.350 2.934 0.058 0.406 0.017 1.872 2.258 0.048

On-Road, Running Exh 0.318 0.018 1.514 0.313 0.058 0.275 0.015 1.246 0.255 0.048

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.167 0.003 0.837 2.533 0.000 0.131 0.002 0.626 1.937 0.000

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.172 0.172 2.278 7.712 0.006 0.024 0.090 1.094 0.405 0.003

TOTALS 6.784 31.826 37.014 24.106 0.221 5.029 27.617 32.896 14.797 0.194 a

 Actual NH3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as 

explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

5.6.4. 2015	and	2019	Control	Inventories	

The second and final stage of estimating emissions in the two future years examined under this 

SIP (2015 and 2019) consisted of applying adjustments to the Projected Baseline inventories to 

reflect additional incremental effects of State and local control measures not included in those 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-51 

baselines. These final future year inventories are called the Control inventories and are 

discussed separately below. 

5.6.4.1	2015	Control	Modeling	Inventory	

Within this SIP, a Control inventory was prepared for 2015, the required attainment year, and 

used to support the attainment modeling analysis to find that either (1) attainment is projected to 

occur by 2015; or (2) attainment by 2015 is impracticable as discussed earlier in Section 5.6.1. 

The control measures accounted for in this 2015 Control inventory (and that were not included in 

the Projected Baseline inventory) are summarized below. 

Hydronic Heater Retrofit Program (ARA OHH Retrofits) – The Alaska Resource Agency (ARA) 

secured funding to identify and retrofit 40 outdoor hydronic heaters30 (OHHs) with ClearStak or 

similar pollution control devices (PCDs). The retrofits were performed in late 2011 and 2012. 

The effects of these retrofits were not captured in the early 2011 Fairbanks Home Heating survey 

that was used to estimate the mix and number of devices in the SIP inventory and thus were 

treated as a control program with “fixed” benefits from those retrofits. 

ARA estimated these retrofits provide an 80-90% reduction in particulate emissions based on 

testing conducted under a NESCAUM study. Based on visual observations/follow-up by 

Fairbanks Borough staff after retrofits were installed, a “real world” emission reduction of 30% 

per retrofit was assumed that accounted for imperfect compliance and use. 

PM2.5 emission reductions from these devices were estimated to be 0.2% of projected baseline 

space heating emissions and roughly 0.1% of total emissions in the non-attainment area. (No 

benefits were assumed for gaseous pollutants.) 

FNSB Wood Stove Change Out Program (WSCO Program) – Beginning in June 2010, the 

Fairbanks Borough has operated a program within the non-attainment area designed to provide 

incentives for the replacement of older, higher-polluting residential wood-burning devices with 

new cleaner devices, or removal of the old devices. 

 

30 Also called outdoor wood boilers (OWBs). 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-52 

Table 5.6-18 presents a historical summary of how the WSCO program was originally designed 

and how it has been modified over time since it began. 

As summarized in 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-53 

Table 5.6-18, the design of the WSCO program has evolved over time, but these changes have 

generally consisted of both increasing the financial incentives as well as expanding the types of 

solid fuel burning appliances (SFBAs) or devices that are eligible to participate in the program. 

Emission control benefits were calculated for the program based on transaction data collected by 

the Borough since its inception, through mid-August 2014. (Data for the partial 2014 calendar 

year were extrapolated to the end of 2014 based on the expected number of applications 

projected by the Borough to be completed and change outs validated by the end of the year.) 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-54 

Table 5.6-18 

Fairbanks Borough Wood Stove Change Out Program Historical Summary 

Program Old Appliance Type New Appliance Type Allowed Payout 

JUNE 2010 – Original program. Limited to PM2.5 non-attainment area. Participants in the removal program 

signed deed restriction in which they agree they would not install another solid fuel burning appliance for 10 years.

Removal OHH (Outdoor Hydronic Heater) No solid fuel burning appliances $7,500 cash 

Removal IHH (Indoor Hydronic Heater) No solid fuel burning appliances $4,000 cash 

Removal Other SFBA No solid fuel burning appliances $3,000 cash 

Replacement HH (outdoor or indoor) – non 

EPA Phase II 

EPA Phase II, EPA cert SFBA or any 

pellet Up to $2,500 

Replacement Other SFBA – non EPA cert EPA cert SFBA or any pellet Up to $2,500 

Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750 

Repair Other Emissions Reducing 

Component n/a Up to $750 

Repair Chimney Repair n/a Up to $750 

Repair Retrofit Device n/a Up to $1,000 

JANUARY 2013 – In October 2012, Citizens’ Initiative Prop 3 passed (The borough shall not, in any way, 

regulate, prohibit, curtail, nor issue fines or fees associated with sale, distribution, or operation of heating 

appliances or any combustible fuel.) Program suspended Dec. 2012 while it was modified. Opened to all Borough 

properties. Devices ≤ 2.5 grams/hr eligible for higher payout. Replacement devices must be EPA certified. 

Replacement HH (outdoor or indoor) EPA cert SFBA or pellet Up to $2,500 

Replacement Other SFBA – non EPA cert EPA cert SFBA or pellet 75% of cost up to 

$2,500/$3,000**

Removal Remove HH w/out replacement $2,000 

Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750 

Repair Other Emissions Reducing 

Component n/a Up to $750 

Repair Chimney Repair n/a Up to $750 

Repair Retrofit Device Up to $1,000 

ENHANCED PROGRAM (May – Sept 2013) – Completely different program (operated in conjunction with the 

regular program), limited to 3 specific areas in the non-attainment area. Also, allowed for replacing EPA-certified 

SFBAs with emission rate ≤ 2.0 grams/hr (overall emissions reduction must be at least 50%).

Replacement OHH EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $10,000 

Replacement Other SFBA EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

Replacement Fireplace EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000 

MARCH 2014 (Current Program) – Changed to limit to properties in non-attainment area, and includes $300 

fuel voucher for pellets or compressed logs. Now allows for replacing EPA-certified SFBAs w/emissions of 2.5 

grams/hr and greater (and requiring an emission reduction of at least 50%), and fireplaces. 

Replacement OHH EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $10,000 

Replacement Other SFBA EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

Replacement Fireplace EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000 

Removal Remove HH w/out replacement n/a $2,000 

Removal Remove SFBA w/o replacement n/a $1,000 

Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750 

Repair Other Emissions Reducing 

Component n/a Up to $750 

Source: Fairbanks North Star Borough. 

SFBA – Solid Fuel Burning Appliance. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-55 

For devices that were replaced, emission reductions were calculated by replacing the emission 

factor for each device type (fireplace, insert, wood stove, OHH/OWB, coal stove) with an 

emission factor (in lb/ton of fuel) equivalent to the emission rate cutpoints (in grams/hour) based 

on emission factor vs. emission rate correlations developed from certification data published by 

EPA31 for over 1,000 wood-burning devices. For devices that were removed, it was assumed 

that the heating energy from the removed device would be replaced with equivalent energy from 

an oil furnace or boiler (and accounting for the heating efficiency differences between the two 

devices). No emission reductions were assumed for repaired devices given the uncertainty of the 

type of repair performed and its effect on emissions. Appendix III.D.5.6 describes these 

calculations in greater detail. 

Emission benefits from the WSCO program for the 2015 Control inventory were based on the 

accumulation of change outs from the start of the program through the end of 2014 

(extrapolating the partial 2014 data as described above). In attainment modeling, eligible control 

measure benefits are those that exist at the beginning of the modeling year. Thus, in this case, 

WSCO program benefits accumulated through the end of 2014 (not 2015) were used to model 

attainment in calendar year 2015. A tabulation of the cumulative year-to-year completed 

transactions in the WSCO is presented below in Table 5.6-19. Within each year, transactions are 

broken down by operation type (Replacement or Removal) and device type. 

Table 5.6-19 

Fairbanks Borough Wood Stove Change Out Program Cumulative Transactions 

Program 

Operation 

Device 

Type 

(end 2010) (end 2011) (end 2012) (end 2013) (end 2014) 

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 

Replacement Fireplace 0 0 0 0 74

Replacement Stove/Insert 103 246 698 899 1,257

Replacement OHH 1 3 5 22 43

Replacement Coal Stove 0 0 1 3 10

Removal Stove/Insert 10 44 184 190 194

Removal OHH 8 32 68 70 74

Removal Coal Stove 0 0 4 5 5

Replacements, Total 104 249 704 924 1,384

Removals, Total 18 76 256 265 273

Change-Outs, Total 122 325 960 1,189 1,657

Emission benefits from the WSCO program in 2015 were estimated to provide a 13.7% 

reduction in space heating PM2.5 emissions in the non-attainment area relative to the projected 

baseline. Reductions for gaseous pollutants (relative to projected baseline space heating 

emissions) were estimated as 0.8% for SO2, 1.4% for NOx, 19.3% for VOC and 10.3% for NH3. 

Measures Considered But not Modeled - In addition to the ARA and WSCO program benefits, 

further emission reductions may be achieved through emerging use of “energy logs” which are 

compressed, densified logs that have just begun being manufactured locally in Fairbanks (by 

 

31 http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/appliances.html. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-56 

Superior Pellet Fuels, LLC). Energy logs are made from local wood species and when produced, 

are denser and much drier that cut cordwood, and are potentially cleaner-burning than cordwood. 

Since the energy logs have just begun being sold in the local market, there is not yet sufficient 

usage data available to support development of emission reduction estimates in the 2015 Control 

inventory. 

2015 Control Inventory Summaries – Table 5.6-20 and Table 5.6-21 present tabulated sector and 

geographic area summaries of the 2015 Control inventories based on actual and PTE point 

source emissions, respectively. 

Table 5.6-20 

2015 Control Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector, 

Actual Point Source Emissions 

 

Source Sector 

Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (Actual) 1.423 8.380 13.395 0.096 <0.001a 1.412 8.167 13.285 0.096 <0.001a

Area, Space Heating 2.779 4.733 2.606 9.642 0.138 2.440 4.268 2.376 8.467 0.125

Area, Space Heat, Wood 2.655 0.096 0.424 9.463 0.097 2.330 0.084 0.373 8.308 0.085

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.070 4.562 1.983 0.109 0.004 0.063 4.118 1.809 0.099 0.003

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.054 0.075 0.199 0.070 0.037 0.047 0.066 0.194 0.061 0.036

Area, Other 0.067 0.000 0.003 0.735 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.002 0.604 0.000

On-Road 0.552 0.022 3.127 4.424 0.063 0.461 0.017 2.503 3.405 0.051

On-Road, Running Exh 0.351 0.019 2.157 0.425 0.063 0.303 0.015 1.776 0.346 0.051

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.201 0.003 0.970 3.912 0.000 0.158 0.002 0.726 2.993 0.000

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.197 0.158 2.154 9.401 0.006 0.025 0.082 1.062 0.403 0.003

TOTALS 5.020 13.292 21.285 24.298 0.207 4.402 12.534 19.228 12.974 0.179 a

 Actual NH3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as 

explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

Table 5.6-21 

2015 Control Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector, 

PTE Point Source Emissions 

 

Source Sector 

Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (PTE) 2.773 26.612 29.609 0.845 <0.001a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001a

Area, Space Heating 2.779 4.733 2.606 9.642 0.138 2.440 4.268 2.376 8.467 0.125

Area, Space Heat, Wood 2.655 0.096 0.424 9.463 0.097 2.330 0.084 0.373 8.308 0.085

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.070 4.562 1.983 0.109 0.004 0.063 4.118 1.809 0.099 0.003

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.054 0.075 0.199 0.070 0.037 0.047 0.066 0.194 0.061 0.036

Area, Other 0.067 0.000 0.003 0.735 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.002 0.604 0.000

On-Road 0.552 0.022 3.127 4.424 0.063 0.461 0.017 2.503 3.405 0.051

On-Road, Running Exh 0.351 0.019 2.157 0.425 0.063 0.303 0.015 1.776 0.346 0.051

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.201 0.003 0.970 3.912 0.000 0.158 0.002 0.726 2.993 0.000

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.197 0.158 2.154 9.401 0.006 0.025 0.082 1.062 0.403 0.003

TOTALS 6.369 31.524 37.499 25.047 0.207 4.585 27.341 33.336 13.705 0.179
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-57 

a

 Actual NH3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as 

explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

Comparing tabulated emissions between the 2015 Control (Table 5.6-20 and Table 5.6-21) and 

2015 Projected Baseline inventories presented earlier in Section III.D.5.6.3 (Table 5.6-14 and 

Table 5.6-15), the emission reductions occur entirely within the Space Heating Area source 

sector, reflecting controls implemented to date (i.e., through the end of 2014). 

Table 5.6-22 shows how the 2015 Control modeling inventory emissions (totaled across all 

source sectors) compare to the 2008 Baseline emissions based on PTE emissions for the point 

source sector. The comparison is presented as the percentage change in emissions relative to the 

2008 Baseline and is based on PTE emissions for the point source sector. Thus negative 

percentages reflect emission reductions from the 2008 Baseline. Direct PM2.5 emission 

reductions are highlighted in bold and just exceed 10% for the non-attainment area. Emission 

reductions for gaseous precursors NOx, VOC and NH3 are 5.5%, 26.4% and 14.9%, respectively 

within the non-attainment area. Emissions of SO2 increase slightly (by just over 1%) relative to 

the 2008 Baseline due to the fact that heating energy from wood-burning devices removed under 

the WSCO program was assumed to be made up for with additional heating oil burning devices, 

which have higher SO2 emission factors that are roughly ten times higher than wood devices (on 

a lb. per unit energy basis). 

Table 5.6-22 

2015 Control Modeling Emissions Relative to 2008 Baseline (PTE Point Sources) 

 Geographic Area 

% Change in Emissions (Relative to 2008 Baseline) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Grid 3 Modeling Domain -8.8% +1.3% -6.0% -25.5% -14.7%

PM2.5 Non-Attainment Area -10.4% +1.4% -5.5% -26.4% -14.9%

Again, the reductions presented in Table 5.6-22 are reductions for all inventory sources. Thus, 

the reductions noted earlier in this sub-section at the end of the discussions of the ARA and 

WSCO program do not add up to the totals in Table 5.6-22 since those reductions were relative 

to space heating emissions, not all emissions. 

(Relative reductions are nominally higher than those shown if based on actual, rather than PTE 

point source emissions since actual point source emissions are lower and the control reductions 

occur outside the point source sector.) 

5.6.4.2	2015	Control	Planning	Inventory	

Scaling similar to that described earlier in Section III.D.0 was applied to the 2015 Control 

episodic modeling emissions using temporal scaling factors listed in Table 5.6-11 to develop 

estimates of annual and winter season Planning emissions within the non-attainment area for the 

2015 Control inventory. Table 5.6-23 summarizes these 2015 Control Planning inventory 

estimates. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-58 

 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-59 

Table 5.6-23 

2015 Non-Attainment Area Control Planning Emissions Inventory 

Source Type/Category 

Annual Average Day (tons/day) Winter Season Average Day (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (PTE) 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001a

Area, Space Heating 1.311 2.596 1.440 4.518 0.067 2.440 4.268 2.376 8.467 0.125 

Area, Space Heat, Wood 1.252 0.051 0.226 4.433 0.046 2.330 0.084 0.373 8.308 0.085 

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.034 2.504 1.096 0.053 0.002 0.063 4.118 1.809 0.099 0.003 

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.025 0.040 0.118 0.032 0.019 0.047 0.066 0.194 0.061 0.036 

Area, Other 23.863 0.000 3.992 14.176 0.000 0.065 0.000 0.002 0.604 0.000 

On-Road 0.526 0.027 2.687 4.885 0.052 0.461 0.017 2.503 3.405 0.051 

On-Road, Running Exh 0.346 0.023 1.907 0.497 0.052 0.303 0.015 1.776 0.346 0.051 

On-Road, Start & Idle 

Exh 0.180 0.003 0.780 4.294 0.000 0.158 0.002 0.726 2.993 0.000 

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.095 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000 

Non-Road 0.017 0.078 1.085 0.242 0.003 0.025 0.082 1.062 0.403 0.003 

TOTALS 27.312 25.674 36.596 24.647 0.122 4.585 27.341 33.336 13.705 0.179 

 

a

 Actual NH3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as 

explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

5.6.4.3	2019	Potential	Control	Modeling	Inventory	

As discussed earlier in Section III.D.5.6.1, development of a 2019 Control inventory was not a 

mandatory requirement for this SIP because of the finding (discussed in Section III.D.5.9) that 

attainment of the PM2.5 NAAQS by the required 2015 calendar year was impracticable. A 2019 

“Potential” Control inventory was developed to examine the potential for attainment by 2019. 

Forecasts of Existing Programs – The first step in generating the 2019 Potential Control 

inventory consisted of forecasting the benefits from the two existing control measures, the ARA 

and WSCO programs. The ARA program was a “one-time” measure based on OHH retrofits 

performed in 2011-2012 that were not included in the projected baselines. Thus, its emission 

benefits were assumed to be fixed or held constant in both 2015 and 2019 and, as summarized 

earlier in Section III.D.0, to provide a 0.2% reduction in space heating PM2.5 emissions across 

the non-attainment area. 

Emission benefits from continuation of the Borough’s WSCO through 2019 were estimated by 

projecting additional annual change outs (either replacement of uncertified or higher-emitting 

certified devices with cleaner devices meeting a 2.5 gram/hour PM2.5 standard, or removal of 

devices with their displaced heating energy replaced by heating from oil-fired units). Rather 

than simply assuming that annual WSCO program device replacements/removals would occur at 

their actual 2014 rate (or the average over the program’s four-year history), a decreasing 

exponential curve was applied to account for the fact that as fewer and fewer uncertified devices 

exist over time, it will be harder to maintain existing annual participation levels or “throughput” 

in the program. This is depicted in Figure 5.6-24, which presents incremental annual change 

outs over time and shows the 2014 throughput as a constant horizontal blue line going forward 

and the assumed declining year-to-year trend shown below it in green. Calendar years shown 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-60 

reflect the start of the year, i.e., calendar year 2015 refers to change outs through the end of 

2014. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-61 

Figure 5.6-24. Incremental Annual Change Outs, Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted 

To ensure that this declining throughput forecast properly accounted for the finite population of 

uncertified devices projected in the Borough in 2019 in the absence of the WSCO program, its 

rate of decline was set such that the forecasted number of uncertified wood stove and insert 

change outs in 2019 would approximately reach the “cap” of projected available population of 

those uncertified devices in that year (after accounting for natural turnover occurring outside the 

program). This is shown in Figure 5.6-25, which displays cumulative change outs of uncertified 

stoves and inserts over time and is seen where the green declining throughput forecast meets the 

projected uncertified stove/insert cap in 2019 (shown in red). 

Figure 5.6-26 shows a similar plot of actual and forecasted cumulative annual WSCO program 

change outs for all uncertified devices. (All uncertified devices were represented as the sum of 

uncertified stoves/inserts, unqualified outdoor hydronic heaters, fireplaces, and coal heaters.) 

When all uncertified devices are plotted, there is still a margin between the projected number of 

cumulative change outs and the cap for all uncertified devices targeted under the current design 

of the WSCO program. 

Again, calendar years shown refer to conditions as of the start of each year—i.e., calendar year 

2019 refers to cumulative change outs through the end of 2018. 

Using these assumptions of declining future throughput, cumulative primary PM2.5 emission 

reductions in 2019 from the WSCO program were estimated to be 25.4% of projected baseline 

emissions in that year. 

 

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Changeouts (replacements

& removals)

Year

2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Actual Forecasted
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-62 

Figure 5.6-25. Cumulative Annual Change Outs, Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted, 

Uncertified Wood Stoves and Inserts 

Figure 5.6-26. Cumulative Annual Change Outs, Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted, All 

Uncertified Devices 

In addition to accounting for further benefits from continuation of the WSCO programs, the 2019 

Potential Control inventory incorporated reductions from three other measures described below. 

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Changeouts (replacements

& removals)

Year

2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Actual Forecasted

Cap ‐ With Turnover

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Changeouts (replacements

& removals)

Year

2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Actual Forecasted

Cap ‐ With Turnover
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-63 

State Space Heating Device Standards in New Homes – This DEC-headed program would 

require that space heating devices installed in new residential homes in the Fairbanks nonattainment area be EPA-certified devices meeting a 2.5 gram/hour PM2.5 certification standard. 

Emission control benefits of such a program were developed using projections from the 

Borough’s Community Research Quarterly publications.32 Residential new homes were 

projected from 358 units in 2012 (actual) to 661 units in 2019 (start of calendar year) based on 

the long-term 2000-2012 trend published in the Quarterly. Emission reductions of PM2.5 (no 

reductions were assumed for gaseous pollutants) were then estimated for 2.5 gram/hour devices 

relative to the typical mix of uncertified/certified heating devices projected in 2019 and 

accounting for the overlapping effects of natural turnover and the WSCO program. 

PM2.5 space heating emission reductions from the State Standards were estimated to provide an 

additional 1.6% in 2019 (over and above the ARA and WSCO programs). 

State-Coordinated Wintertime Dry Wood Use Program – A second potential DEC-led program 

would consist of a coordinated program designed to promote and potentially incentivize greater 

use of “dry” wood (defined as wood with a moisture content [MC] that does not exceed 20% on 

a dry basis). The projected wood moisture content in 2019 in the absence of such as program is 

36.4%, averaged across the two wood source groups: (1) Buy (those who purchase wood 

commercially) and (2) Cut Own (those who cut, stack, and store their own wood). 

Because such a program has not yet been adopted and is currently being evaluated by DEC, a 

series of plausible assumptions based on existing survey data were used to develop estimates of 

potential emission reduction benefits. From the 2013 Wood Tag survey, 34.3% of wood-using 

survey respondents indicated a willingness to pay up to $50 more per cord for dry wood knowing 

that dry wood provides roughly 25% more heating energy than wet wood (as explained in the 

Tag survey question). As a result, it was assumed that a coordinated wintertime Dry Wood Use 

program would result in 34% more homeowners from both the Buy and Cut Own wood source 

groups burning dry (20% MC) wood. (The movement of both the Buy group and the Cut Own 

group to use greater use of dry wood comes about from additional State education efforts that 

span both groups. It was assumed that the same relative shift toward greater dry wood use would 

occur in both groups.) Under this assumption, the composite wood moisture content would drop 

to 30.8% and result in a heating energy reduction in wood use of roughly 4%. 

This translates to an incremental PM2.5 space heating emission reduction (on top of the preceding 

local and state measures) of 2.8% in 2019. 

Expansion of Natural Gas Availability in Fairbanks – A portion of the non-attainment area 

includes a limited delivery infrastructure for residential and commercial natural gas use from the 

existing Fairbanks Natural Gas (FNG) private utility. Plans are being coordinated and funding 

made available through several state agencies, led by the Alaska Industrial Development and 

Export Authority (AIDEA), to provide a sufficiently expanded infrastructure and delivery via 

expansion of FNG’s infrastructure within its service area and additional gas delivery from a new 

 

32 http://co.fairbanks.ak.us/communityplanning/crc/ 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-64 

public entity, the Interior Gas Utility (IGU), across an expanded area roughly encompassing the 

remainder of the non-attainment area. AIDEA is stewarding this expanded service with a goal of 

natural gas being priced at the retail, point of sale level of roughly half the existing cost of 

heating oil, or about $15-$17 per mcf (thousand cubic feet). 

Estimates of emission reductions from natural gas expansion in 2019 (end of 2018) were 

developed based on forecasted residential and commercial penetration levels across the nonattainment area from a recent January 2014 AIDEA report prepared by Cardno-Entrix.33 The 

Cardno report considered not just estimates of penetration (i.e. availability of gas at point of 

sale), but also addressed conversion/use for both the residential and commercial sectors and 

accounted for the costs of conversion for each sector. The combined residential household 

penetration and conversion to natural gas rate in 2019 estimated by Cardno was 36% at the end 

of 2018. 

The Cardno report also included estimates of fuel use shifts (oil-to-gas, wood-to-gas) in 

converted households based on the targeted offering price for gas (about $2/gallon on a heating 

oil equivalent basis) and elasticity estimates that reflected a shift of roughly 77% of existing 

wood-burning homes to gas. This 77% estimate is very consistent with an 74% wood household 

shift to gas at $2/gallon oil equivalent developed from responses to a question in the 2013 Wood 

Tag survey. (These wood household shifts were based only on homes that had alternative 

heating sources beyond wood. In other words, they excluded homes solely heated using wood, 

which would be more difficult candidates for conversion to natural gas.) 

These wood-to-gas household shifts were combined with an additional element from the 2013 

Tag survey that found roughly 38% of wood users would still likely burn wood on extremely 

cold days (defined as days below -30°F) to produce estimates of discount shifts to gas use on 

those cold days. 

Using these data sources and assumptions, incremental PM2.5 emission reductions from natural 

gas expansion across the non-attainment area in 2019 were found to be 16.4% on cold (<-30°F) 

days and 18.4% on warmer (≥‐30°F) days relative to the 2019 projected baseline. These 

incremental reductions are those above that from preceding state and local measures after 

accounting for overlapping effects. 

Other Measures Considered But not Modeled – As noted earlier in Section III.D.0, Superior 

Pellet Fuels began to locally manufacture and market densified energy logs in 2014. In addition 

to these potential programs the State is also evaluating potential emission benefits from use of 

“energy logs” which are compressed, densified logs that have just begun being manufactured 

locally in Fairbanks (by Superior Pellet Fuels). Energy logs have roughly 20% more energy 

content (in BTU/lb) than the most commonly used Fairbanks cordwood species (Birch) and have 

an extremely low moisture content of 7% (on a dry basis). 

 

33 “IEP Natural Gas Conversion Analysis, Fairbanks LNG Distribution System Demand 

Analysis,” prepared by Cardno Entrix for Alaska Industry Development and Export Authority, 

January 2014. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-65 

Potential emission reductions from an Energy Log Use program were not included in the 2019 

Control inventory due to the fact that production of the logs just began earlier in 2014 and the 

market or demand for the logs is still uncertain. The State and Borough plan to conduct further 

evaluation of the benefits of locally manufactured energy logs before designing a program to 

expand and provide incentives for their use. 

2019 Potential Control Inventory Summaries – Using the combined set of existing (ARA, 

WSCO) and potential future (State New Home Device Standards, Dry Wood, Natural Gas 

Expansion) programs, Table 5.6-24 and Table 5.6-25 present tabulated sector and geographic 

area summaries of the 2019 Potential Control inventories based on actual and PTE point source 

emissions, respectively. 

Again, these are levels of control reduction that could be achieved by 2019 based on projected 

expansion of natural gas availability, coupled with State programs requiring (1) wood devices in 

new homes to meet a 2.5 gram/hour PM2.5 emission standard and (2) expanded use of dry wood 

through education and/or incentives and continuation of the Borough’s WSCO program 

Table 5.6-26 shows how the 2019 Potential Control emissions compared to those of the 2008 

Baseline inventory, listing emission reductions relative to the 2008 Baseline for both the entire 

Grid 3 modeling domain and the smaller non-attainment area. As noted in the table title, the 

comparisons are made based on PTE, rather than actual, point source emissions. 

Table 5.6-24 

2019 Potential Control Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector, 

Actual Point Source Emissions 

 

Source Sector 

Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (Actual) 1.423 8.380 13.395 0.096 <0.001a 1.412 8.167 13.285 0.096 <0.001a

Area, Space Heating 1.952 5.677 2.695 5.957 0.184 1.606 5.193 2.456 4.788 0.171

Area, Space Heat, Wood 1.828 0.074 0.317 5.767 0.065 1.496 0.062 0.263 4.619 0.053

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.062 5.525 1.810 0.097 0.003 0.055 5.062 1.629 0.086 0.003

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.063 0.078 0.568 0.093 0.116 0.055 0.069 0.564 0.083 0.115

Area, Other 0.071 0.000 0.003 0.773 0.000 0.068 0.000 0.002 0.634 0.000

On-Road 0.485 0.021 2.350 2.934 0.058 0.406 0.017 1.872 2.258 0.048

On-Road, Running Exh 0.318 0.018 1.514 0.313 0.058 0.275 0.015 1.246 0.255 0.048

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.167 0.003 0.837 2.533 0.000 0.131 0.002 0.626 1.937 0.000

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.172 0.172 2.278 7.712 0.006 0.024 0.090 1.094 0.405 0.003

TOTALS 4.104 14.250 20.721 17.472 0.249 3.515 13.467 18.709 8.181 0.222 a

 Actual NH3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as 

explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-66 

Table 5.6-25 

2019 Potential Control Episode Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector, 

PTE Point Source Emissions 

 

Source Sector 

Grid 3 Domain Emissions (tons/day) NA Area Emissions (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3 PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Point (PTE) 2.773 26.612 29.609 0.845 <0.001a 1.595 22.973 27.393 0.826 <0.001a

Area, Space Heating 1.952 5.677 2.695 5.957 0.184 1.606 5.193 2.456 4.788 0.171

Area, Space Heat, Wood 1.828 0.074 0.317 5.767 0.065 1.496 0.062 0.263 4.619 0.053

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.062 5.525 1.810 0.097 0.003 0.055 5.062 1.629 0.086 0.003

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.063 0.078 0.568 0.093 0.116 0.055 0.069 0.564 0.083 0.115

Area, Other 0.071 0.000 0.003 0.773 0.000 0.068 0.000 0.002 0.634 0.000

On-Road 0.485 0.021 2.350 2.934 0.058 0.406 0.017 1.872 2.258 0.048

On-Road, Running Exh 0.318 0.018 1.514 0.313 0.058 0.275 0.015 1.246 0.255 0.048

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.167 0.003 0.837 2.533 0.000 0.131 0.002 0.626 1.937 0.000

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.066 0.000

Non-Road 0.172 0.172 2.278 7.712 0.006 0.024 0.090 1.094 0.405 0.003

TOTALS 5.453 32.482 36.935 18.220 0.249 3.698 28.273 32.817 8.912 0.222 a

 Actual NH3 emissions from point sources were nearly insignificant, once a reporting error was corrected as 

explained earlier in Section 5.6.1.3. 

 

Table 5.6-26 

2019 Control Modeling Emissions Relative to 2008 Baseline (PTE Point Sources) 

 Geographic Area 

% Change in Emissions (Relative to 2008 Baseline) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx VOC NH3

Grid 3 Modeling Domain -21.9% +4.4% -7.4% -45.8% +2.6%

PM2.5 Non-Attainment Area -27.7% +4.9% -7.0% -52.2% +5.4%

As seen in the highlighted column of Table 5.6-26, PM2.5 reductions in 2019 of almost 28% 

relative to the 2008 baseline could be achieved within the non-attainment area. 

Again, the reductions presented in Table 5.6-26 are reductions for all inventory sources. Thus, 

the emission benefits noted earlier in this sub-section at the end of the discussions of the ARA 

and WSCO programs potential 2019 control measures do not add up to the totals in Table 5.6-26 

since those reductions were relative to space heating emissions, not all emissions. 

5.6.5. 2017	Reasonable	Further	Progress	(RFP)	Inventory	

Moderate Area RFP Planning Requirements – Section 172(c)(2) of the CAA requires that plans 

for non-attainment areas “shall require reasonable further progress” and include a “current 

inventory of actual emissions from all sources of relevant pollutants in such area ... to assure 

that the requirements of this part are met.” The goal of RFP is to achieve generally linear 

progress toward attainment (as opposed to deferring implementation of some of all measures 

until the end or projected attainment date). 

The pollutants addressed in the RFP inventory were limited to PM2.5 (direct), SO2 and NOx. 

PM2.5 (direct) and SO2 are the two key pollutants for which control benefits were calculated. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-67 

NOx was also included as a required precursor. (Quantified control inventory benefits were 

focused exclusively within the Space Heating, Area Source sector. Emission reductions for 

NOx are proportional to those for PM2.5. Space heating emissions for NOx, however, represent 

a small share of total emissions.) 

As noted earlier in Section 5.6.1, this Moderate Area SIP did not formally require an attainment 

projection once it was established that attainment by the 2015 deadline for moderate areas was 

impracticable. Nevertheless as explained there, a path toward attainment by 2019 was developed 

that incorporated additional measures and programs beyond those in effect in 2015. Thus this 

Moderate Area SIP included an attainment projection by 2019. 

The SIP also includes an analysis that demonstrates adequate emission reductions will be 

achieved to comply with the goals of RFP beyond 2015. 

The quantitative milestone requirements of CAA Section 189(c) dictate that the “milestone” year 

for this RFP progress assessment is 2017 (no later than three years from the Moderate Area SIP 

submittal date of December, 2014). Section 172(c)(2) indicates that the assessment be based on 

actual emissions. However for completeness (to be consistent with the fact that the 2015 and 

2019 modeling inventory were examined both ways), the 2017 RFP inventories were also 

generated both ways, considering both actual episodic emission levels as well as PTE permitted 

levels for point sources. 

2017 RFP Inventory – To evaluate RFP-mandated linear progress toward attainment beyond 

2015, an analysis of emissions in 2017 associated with implementation of Reasonably Available 

Control Measures (RACM) and Reasonably Available Control Technologies (RACT) and 

additional reasonable measures for the area was performed to determine whether forecasted 

controls (and their benefits) in 2019 would be sufficient to ensure linear progress from 2015 to 

the projected 2019 attainment emission levels. 

To address this requirement, 2015 and 2019 Control inventories for the non-attainment area were 

interpolated to 2017 to establish target emission levels representing a linear trajectory between 

the Moderate Area attainment deadline (2015) and the forecasted attainment year (2019). (Since 

2017 is midway between 2015 and 2019, the linear progress target levels are simply the average 

of the 2015 and 2019 Control emission levels.) 

Chapter 5.7 identifies and provides a detailed discussion of RACM measures for Fairbanks. (All 

RACT measures have already been implemented in Fairbanks.) Many of the RACM measures 

identified in Chapter 5.7 are either voluntary or have already been implemented prior to 2015. 

Thus, the remaining measures examined for the purpose of RFP are those non-voluntary 

measures slated for implementation or phase-in after 2015 and correspond to the list of measures 

for which quantitative emission benefits were calculated and incorporated into the Control 

inventories. These specific measures/programs are listed below: 

 State Space Heating Device Standards in New Homes; 

 State-Coordinated Wintertime Dry Wood Use Program; and 

 Expansion of Natural Gas Availability in Fairbanks. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-68 

Since these measures were restricted to the Space Heating (Area) source sector, the RFP progress 

assessment was conducted by analysis of emissions at the source sector level (although areas 

sources were split into Space Heating and Other sub-sectors). The analysis was based on 

average daily episodic emissions over the non-attainment area. 

Table 5.6-27 shows the resulting 2017 RFP inventory for PM2.5, SO2 and NOx emissions within 

the non-attainment area using the same source sector stratifications presented for the Control 

inventories. As shown at the bottom of the table, total emissions (on an average episode day 

basis) are 3.91 tons/day, 12.40 tons/day and 18.95 tons/day for PM2.5, SO2 and NOx, 

respectively. 

Table 5.6-27 

2017 RFP Inventory Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector, 

Actual Point Source Emissions 

 Source Sector 

NA Area Emissions (tons/day) 

PM2.5 SO2 NOx

Point (Actual) 1.412 8.167 13.285 

Area, Space Heating 1.976 4.137 2.398 

Area, Space Heat, Wood 1.866 0.073 0.316 

Area, Space Heat, Oil 0.060 3.997 1.752 

Area, Space Heat, Other 0.050 0.067 0.331 

Area, Other 0.066 0.000 0.002 

On-Road 0.433 0.017 2.187 

On-Road, Running Exh 0.289 0.015 1.511 

On-Road, Start & Idle Exh 0.144 0.002 0.676 

On-Road, Evap 0.000 0.000 0.000 

Non-Road 0.024 0.086 1.078 

TOTALS 3.912 12.407 18.950 

Linear Progress Assessment – Figure 5.6-27 presents the results of the analysis of projected 

control emissions in 2017 relative to linearly-interpolated targets for PM2.5 based on actual 

emissions for point sources. The vertical bars include the 2015 and 2019 Control inventory 

emissions (labeled “2015” and “2019”) are shown at each end of the figure. The middle bar, 

labeled “2017-Lnr” represents the linearly-interpolated RFP-targeted emission levels in 2017. 

Each bar includes elements that show the breakdown of sector-specific emissions (in tons/day). 

Above each of these bars, the values in bold italics represent total emissions summed across all 

sectors. The dashed line shows the linear progress trajectory (for total emissions) from 2015 to 

2019 (and this intersects the top of the “2017-Lnr” bar. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-69 

Figure 5.6-27. Comparison of 2017 PM2.5 RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, Actual 

Point Source Emissions 

Next to this bar, a fourth bar labeled “2017-Ctrl” represents emissions by sector reflecting 

forecasted control measure benefits in 2017 based on expected implementation dates and/or 

phase-in schedules for each of the three measure listed earlier. (Since these measures are all 

restricted to the Space Heating sector, only the Space Heating segment is different between the 

2017-Crtl and 2017-Lnr bars. As seen in comparing these two bars in Figure 5.6-27, combined 

control benefits from these measures are projected to result in total inventory emissions that are 

lower than the linear RFP target (3.91 vs. 3.96 tons/day). (The space heating emissions are 1.98 

tons/day compared to the target for the sector of 2.02 tons/day.) 

Error! Reference source not found. presents a similar comparison for SO2, although the linear 

trend from 2015 to 2019 reflects increasing levels of SO2. (This shift is largely the result of 

replacement of wood burning devices with oil devices for heating device replacements under the 

Borough’s Wood Stove Change Out program.) Nevertheless, the 2017-Ctrl SO2 emissions are 

below the linear target for 2017 (12.41 vs. 13.00 tons/day). 

Finally, the linear progress assessment for NOx is shown in Figure 5.6-29. Although the 

downward linear trend is less pronounced than for direct PM2.5 shown earlier in Figure 5.6-27, 

the 2017-Ctrl emissions are still nominally below the linear progress target in 2017 (18.95 vs. 

18.97 tons/day). 

(Coupled with the direct PM2.5 emission reductions attainment is projected in 2019 based on 

atmospheric/chemical modeling described in Chapter 5.8.) 

0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02

0.46 0.43 0.43 0.41

1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41

0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07

2.44

1.98 2.02

1.61

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2015 2017‐Ctrl 2017‐Lnr 2019

PM2.5 Emissions (tons/day)

Inventory

Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (Actual)

On‐Road

Non‐Road

4.40

3.96

3.52

3.91
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-70 

Figure 5.6-28. Comparison of 2017 SO2 RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, Actual 

Point Source Emissions 

Figure 5.6-29. Comparison of 2017 NOx RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, Actual 

Point Source Emissions 

0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09

8.17 8.17 8.17 8.17

4.27 4.14 4.73 5.19

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2015 2017‐Ctrl 2017‐Lnr 2019

SO2 Emissions (tons/day)

Inventory

Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (Actual)

On‐Road

Non‐Road

12.53

13.47

12.41 13.00

1.06 1.08 1.08 1.09

13.28 13.28 13.28 13.28

2.38 2.40 2.42 2.46

0

5

10

15

20

25

2015 2017‐Ctrl 2017‐Lnr 2019

SO2 Emissions (tons/day)

Inventory

Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (Actual)

On‐Road

Non‐Road

19.23 18.95 18.97 18.71
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-71 

The reason the 2017-Ctrl emissions for both PM2.5 and SO2 are below their linear target levels is 

twofold: 

1. The first two measures (State Device Standards in New Homes and Dry Wood Use) were 

assumed to be fully phased in by 2017 with the same level of participation assumed in 

2019. Most of the benefits come from the Dry Wood Use program, and as explained 

earlier in Section 0, the participation rate of 34.3% was also applied in 2017. 

2. The WSCO program continues to provide “better than linear” incremental benefits 

between 2015 and 2019. Even though the benefits are projected to decline each year 

relative to the prior year, the benefits accumulated from 2015 to 2017 exceed those 

projected from 2017 to 2019. 

The combination of these two factors is more than enough to overcome benefits from Natural 

Gas Expansion that are projected to increase at faster rates from 2017 to 2019. (The penetration 

rates for expanded natural gas availability are projected to rise from 0% in 2015 to 14% by 2017 

and 36% by 2019.) 

Figure 5.6-30 through Figure 5.6-32 present similar comparisons of RFP progress in 2017 for 

PM2.5 and SO2, respectively based on PTE levels for point sources. These comparisons 

directionally match those shown earlier in Figure 5.6-27 through Figure 5.6-29 that were based 

on actual emissions for the point source sector. In each case, forecasted emissions in 2017 due to 

projected implementation of control measures will be below the linear progress targets as seen in 

comparing the 2017-Ctrl and 2017-Lnr emission levels in each figure. 

Figure 5.6-30. Comparison of 2017 PM2.5 RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, PTE 

Point Source Emissions 

0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02

0.46 0.43 0.43 0.41

1.59 1.59 1.59 1.59

0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07

2.44

1.98 2.02

1.61

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2015 2017‐Ctrl 2017‐Lnr 2019

PM2.5 Emissions (tons/day)

Inventory

Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (PTE)

On‐Road

Non‐Road

4.59

4.14

3.70

4.09
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-72 

Figure 5.6-31. Comparison of 2017 SO2 RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, PTE 

Point Source Emissions 

Figure 5.6-32. Comparison of 2017 NOx RFP Inventory to Linear Target in 2017, PTE 

Point Source Emissions 

0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09

22.97 22.97 22.97 22.97

4.27 4.14 4.73 5.19

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2015 2017‐Ctrl 2017‐Lnr 2019

SO2 Emissions (tons/day)

Inventory

Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (PTE)

On‐Road

Non‐Road

27.34 28.27 27.21 27.81

1.06 1.08 1.08 1.09

27.39 27.39 27.39 27.39

2.38 2.40 2.42 2.46

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2015 2017‐Ctrl 2017‐Lnr 2019

SO2 Emissions (tons/day)

Inventory

Area, Space Heat

Area, Other

Point (PTE)

On‐Road

Non‐Road

33.34 33.06 33.08 32.82
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-73 

The above analysis demonstrates that the control measures leading to attainment in 2019 will 

yield better than linear progress in 2017 for direct PM2.5, SO2 and NOx. Therefore the RFP plan 

requirements are met for all applicable pollutants because the control measures they contain 

result in 2017 emissions that are below their respective 2017 linear progress target levels. 

5.6.6. 2017	Motor	Vehicle	Emissions	Budget	

Need for MVEBs – Generally, motor vehicle emission budgets (MVEBs) must be established 

within a SIP for use in subsequent regional transportation conformity analysis that is tied to the 

SIP’s attainment demonstration and the on-road vehicle emissions share of the overall attainment 

inventory. However as discussed in Chapter 5.9, the central finding of this Moderate Area SIP is 

that attainment of the PM2.5 NAAQS by the required 2015 deadline will be impracticable in 

Fairbanks due to the magnitude of required reductions and the difficulty and the cost of 

implementing measures that achieve these reductions in the near term (i.e., by 2015). 

A control strategy implementation plan revision and MVEB is defined under 40 CFR §93.101 as 

follows: 

Motor vehicle emissions budget is that portion of the total allowable emissions defined in 

the submitted or approved control strategy implementation plan revision or maintenance 

plan for a certain date for the purpose of meeting reasonable further progress milestones 

or demonstrating attainment or maintenance of the NAAQS, for any criteria pollutant or 

its precursors, allocated to highway and transit vehicle use and emissions. 

EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) and Office of Air Quality Planning and 

Standards (OAQPS) through EPA Region 10 were consulted to assess the need for MVEBs 

within this SIP. EPA confirmed the need for MVEBs within this “impracticability” SIP, citing 

language in the 1992 General Preamble34 for Title I implementation of the CAA. Under the 

Reasonable Further Progress (RFP)/Quantitative Milestone (QM) Requirements portion of the 

Particulate Matter, Statutory Background section [III.C(1)(f)], the Preamble contains the 

following language: 

The PM-10 non-attainment area SIP's must include quantitative emissions reductions 

milestones which are to be achieved every 3 years and which demonstrate RFP, as defined in 

section 171(1) until the area is redesignated attainment [section 189(c)]. 

and 

There is a gap in the law that the text of section 189(c) does not articulate the starting point 

for counting the 3-year period. The EPA believes it is reasonable to begin counting the 3-

year milestone deadline from the due date for applicable implementation plan revisions 

containing the control measures for the area. The EPA believes it is reasonable to key the 

milestone clock to the SIP revision containing control measures which will give rise to 

emission reductions. 

 

34 Federal Register, Vol. 57, No. 74, April 16, 1992. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-74 

Although this Preamble was written prior to development and implementation of separate 

ambient standards for PM2.5, EPA has confirmed that the language above for PM10 also applies to 

PM2.5 SIPs. Thus, EPA guidance was that MVEBs must be developed under this SIP pursuant to 

the RFP/QM requirements of Section III.C(1)(f) of the Preamble. 

MVEB Calendar Year and Pollutants – As discussed in earlier in Section 5.6.5, the milestone 

year for RFP is 2017. Thus, RFP inventories and MVEBs were established for calendar year 

2017. Separate budgets of on-road motor vehicle emissions occurring within the non-attainment 

area were set for both directly-emitted PM2.5 and NOx, the latter based on EPA’s interpretation of 

applicable precursor requirements under 40 CFR §93.102(b)(1) and §93.102(b)(2)(iv), which 

applies to precursors of PM2.5. 

Summary of MVEB Methodology – The MVEBs were calculated using the same approach 

applied in modeling motor vehicle emissions within the SIP emission inventories. However, the 

2017 MVEBs were not an interpolation of 2015 and 2019 on-road emissions as developed for RFP 

progress analysis as described in Section 5.6.5. Instead the 2017 MVEBs were calculated based on 

a calendar year 2017 emission modeling run and differ nominally from the on-road emissions 

presented in that section. The MVEB modeling is summarized below. 

 Emissions Model – Emissions were calculated using the MOVES2010a vehicle emissions 

model, executed in county-wide “Inventory” mode. The model was run to generate 

emissions over the six-month non-attainment season (October through March). The Time 

Aggregation Level option was set to “Hour” as required for SIPs and regional emissions 

analysis35. 

 Activity Inputs – Vehicle activity inputs (VMT by vehicle type, speed distributions, 

road type VMT distributions) for calendar year 2017 were developed by interpolating 

activity between the 2010 and 2035 calendar years for which regional travel demand 

model outputs were available from FMATS. 

 2012-2015 TIP modeling were available. The same locally developed seasonal, weekly, 

and diurnal travel activity profiles used in the SIP inventories were also used to generate 

the MVEBs. Default MOVES activity was assumed for heavy-duty trucks (with no 

explicitly input extended idling). 

 Fleet Characteristics Inputs – 2017 vehicle populations were extrapolated from actual 

2010 registrations using the same growth rate assumptions used to generate the 2015 and 

2019 Projected Baseline inventories. Vehicle age distribution and Alternative Vehicle 

and Fuel Technology (AVFT) inputs were based on the calendar year 2010 registration 

data, with an exception for light-duty vehicle age distributions explained as follows. Age 

distribution inputs for light-duty vehicles were based on wintertime parking lot survey 

 

35 “Using MOVES to Prepare Emissions Inventories in State Implementation Plans and 

Transportation Conformity: Technical Guidance for MOVES2010, 2010a and 2010b,” U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-420-B-12-028, April 2012, 

http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/documents/420b12028.pdf. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-75 

data collected by ADEC, rather than registration data. Multiple parking lot surveys have 

consistently found that older vehicles are operated less during winter due to drivability 

concerns. In developing winter non-attainment season inputs, motorcycles were assumed 

to not operate during harsh winter conditions. Thus their populations were zeroed out. 

The source population, age distribution and AVFT inputs were supplied to MOVES using 

the County Data Manager importers in accordance with the modeling guidance35. 

 Meteorology Inputs – Based on interagency consultation guidance from EPA and FWHA, 

hourly ambient temperature and relative humidity profiles were developed from hourly 

temperatures (and humidity data) averaged across the 35 modeling episode days and used 

as the meteorology inputs to the MVEB modeling. The resulting hourly temperature 

profile exhibited a diurnal range from -14.1°F (Hour 8) to -6.4°F (Hour 15), with an 

average daily temperature of -11.8°F. This was consistent with episodic modeling 

inventory development in the SIP although the average meteorology profile across the 35 

episode days was used for the MVEB while individual day meteorology (for each of the 

35 days) was used to establish the MVEB and was agreed upon in consultation with EPA 

and FHWA. 

 Plug-In Adjustments to PM2.5 Emissions – Finally, starting exhaust PM2.5 emissions for 

light-duty gasoline vehicles were adjusted to account for the effects of wintertime vehicle 

plug-in block heater use in Fairbanks. These adjustments were applied using an EPAaccepted approach that consisted of modifying the MOVES soak time distribution inputs 

for light-duty vehicles contained in OpModeDistribution table in the model’s default 

database. Appendix III.D.5.6 provides further details on these plug-in adjustments. Note 

that EPA’s approval of the methodology for modeling the adjustments only extends to 

analyses conducted using MOVES2010; additional interagency consultation will be 

needed to identify a methodology for use with MOVES2014. 

Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets – Using the modeling methodology outlined above, 

MOVES2010a was executed with locally developed inputs representative of wintertime calendar 

year 2017 conditions. Table 5.6-28 summarizes the resulting regional average winter day onroad vehicle PM2.5 and NOx emissions, which represent the applicable MVEBs under the SIP. 

Table 5.6-28 

Fairbanks Non-Attainment Area Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets 

Calendar Year

Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets 

(tons/day) 

PM2.5 NOx

2017 and later 0.33 2.13 

The PM2.5 MVEB shown in Table 5.6-28 includes the plug-in adjustment effects. (As noted 

earlier, the plug-in adjustments are applied only to starting exhaust emissions for light-duty 

gasoline vehicles. Plug-ins reduced vehicle fleet-wide PM2.5 emissions by 5.4%.) The 

PM2.5 MVEB assumed zero contribution from fugitive road dust, consistent with the SIP 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-76 

inventory assumption that road dust emissions do not occur during winter in Fairbanks when 

road surfaces are snow- and ice-covered. The emissions budget also does not include 

construction dust for the same reason. 

MVEB Context within 2017 Inventory – To provide a clear understanding for the 

contribution of emissions from on-road motor vehicles (i.e., the MVEBs) relative to all other 

emission sources within the non-attainment area, Table 5.6-29 presents a summary of 2017 

PM2.5 and NOx emissions by major source sector. Emissions are shown on both an absolute 

(tons/day) and relative (% of total emissions) basis for both pollutants. On-road vehicle 

emissions (based on the MVEBs) are highlighted. 

Table 5.6-29 

2017 PM2.5 and NOx Emissions (tons/day) by Source Sector 

Showing Motor Vehicle Emissions Contribution 

 Source Sector 

NA Area Emissions 

(tons/day) 

Relative Emissions 

Contribution (%) 

PM2.5 NOx PM2.5 NOx

Point Sources (Actual) 1.41 8.17 37.1% 63.9%

Area Sources 2.04 2.40 53.6% 18.8%

On-Road Sources (MVEBs) 0.33 2.13 8.7% 16.7%

Non-Road Sources 0.02 0.09 0.6% 0.7%

TOTALS 3.81 12.78 100.0% 100.0%

As highlighted in Table 5.6-29, the contribution of on-road vehicles to total emissions from 

all sources for both pollutants are relatively small, comprising under 9% and 17% of total 

PM2.5 and NOx emissions respectively. Although on-road vehicles are by no means the 

predominant source of these pollutants, the vehicle emission budgets established under the 

federal conformity regulations require that emissions associated with future federallyfunded regional transportation plans do not exceed budgeted limits, thereby ensuring these 

plans conform to the overall attainment progress reflected in the SIP. 

Differences Between On-Road Emissions in 2017 RFP Inventory and MVEBs – Emissions 

from on-road vehicles for PM2.5 and NOx shown in the 2017 RFP Inventory table (Table 

5.6-27) and MVEB tables (Table 5.6-28 and Table 5.6-29) are nominally different (0.43 vs. 

0.33 tons/day for PM2.5 and 2.19 vs. 2.13 tons/day for NOx). These differences are not the 

result of errors, but rather how the MOVES vehicle emissions model is required to be used 

for the attainment modeling-based RFP inventory versus establishment of vehicle emissions 

budgets. There are several reasons as explained below. 

First, for the RFP inventory, MOVES was executed in “Emission Rates” calculation mode 

to provide highly detailed emission rates by emission process, speed and ambient 

temperature to support calculation of emissions by hour and grid cell for use in the 

attainment modeling. For the MVEBs, MOVES must be executed under a simpler 

“Inventory” calculation mode to estimate total vehicle emissions over a regional area (the 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-77 

PM2.5 non-attainment area in this case). In the attainment modeling inventory temperaturespecific emission rates are combined with individual temperatures for each modeling grid 

cell. In the Inventory calculation mode for the MVEB’s an average temperature profile 

(based on temperatures at Fairbanks International Airport) was used. Finally, the RFP 

inventory was based on vehicle emissions calculated by hour and day for all 35 modeling 

episode days. In contrast the MVEBs are based on a temperature profile than represents the 

average hourly temperature across all 35 days. (Since vehicular PM2.5 emissions are more 

sensitive to ambient temperature (in this temperature range) than NOx emissions, this likely 

explains why the difference between the RFP and MVEB vehicle emissions are greater for 

PM2.5 than NOx.) 

5.6.7. Inventory	Validation	and	Quality	Assurance	

5.6.7.1	Introduction	

This sub-section describes the quality assurance (QA), quality control (QC), and data validation 

procedures that were applied in constructing the emission inventories for the Fairbanks PM2.5

SIP. The QA and QC procedures used were based on guidance36 developed by EPA under its 

Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP), specifically under Volume VI (Quality 

Assurance Procedures). 

Under the EPA guidance, QA and QC are defined as two separate components of an integrated 

approach in ensuring proper emission inventory (EI) development. QA is a pre-developed 

system of data handling, review, and audit procedures, generally conducted by personnel not 

actively involved in the detailed EI calculations. QA can include development of a formally 

documented Quality Assurance Plan (QAP). (Although a formal QAP was not developed to 

support the EI work under this SIP, an earlier QAP developed by DEC and used to compile and 

prepare emission estimates for three-year NEI submittals to EPA was utilized and supplemented 

with SIP-specific procedures described later in this sub-section.) 

QC is typically a subset of an overall QA system and consists of activities that include technical 

reviews, accuracy checks, and use of approved standardized procedures for emission 

calculations. Thus, QA includes both establishing QC procedures and identifying personnel to 

conduct the QC as well as actual QA auditing and data checking. 

5.6.7.2	Responsible	Personnel	

Alice Edwards of the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and Robert 

Dulla of Sierra Research, Inc. (Sierra)—both with emission inventory, regulatory policy, and 

control measure evaluation experience—served as co-Quality Assurance Coordinators. Ms. 

Edwards handled data prepared or obtained directly by the State, while Mr. Dulla was 

responsible for QA of Borough and all other externally developed or acquired data. 

 

36 Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP), EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and 

Standards, Emission Factor and Inventory Group, Research Triangle Park, NC. Volumes I – X, 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/.
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-78 

Frank Di Genova of Sierra, who along with Mr. Dulla, was not directly involved in actual 

inventory data development and EI calculations, performed independent internal review of the 

detailed EI calculations and source methodologies. 

5.3.7.3	Data	Collection	and	Analysis	

Both to ensure the comprehensive assessment of sources within the emission inventory as well as 

to assure properly assembled source activity and emission factor data, EPA’s aforementioned 

EIIP QA/QC documentation was used to guide EI data collection and analysis. 

As discussed in Section III.D.5.6.1, the source categories were divided into stationary point 

source, stationary area source, non-road mobile, and on-road mobile. Stationary point source 

information is maintained by DEC down to 100 tons per year, so no surveys were needed to 

explicitly identify stationary area and point sources. Emissions from stationary point sources 

were calculated on the basis of 2008 production levels and the best available emission factors. 

Area source emissions estimates were based on a variety of sources of activity and emission 

factors that maximized utilization of an extensive amount of locally collected activity data and 

testing measurements, especially within the space heating sector. 

Within the mobile source sector, both on-road and non-road emissions were calculated using the 

latest (at the time) available emissions models: MOVES2010a for on-road vehicles, 

NONROAD2008a for non-road vehicles and equipment, and EDMS 5.1.3 for airfield emission 

sources. The SMOKE Version 2.7.5b inventory pre-processing model was used to grid, speciate, 

and format the EI estimates into photochemical model-ready structures. 

Across all source sectors, special attention was given to strong seasonal activity and emission 

factor variations largely driven by the harsh Arctic climate but that differed by source category 

even within a source sector. Attention was also given on a source category basis to evaluation of 

default assumptions or activity/emission factor estimates based on “Lower-48” conditions that 

were clearly not applicable to wintertime Alaskan conditions. 

5.6.7.4	Data	Handling	and	Validation	

Elements of the emission inventory data handling procedure are outlined below. 

1. Assembly and review of various sources of external or “raw” data (including both 

electronic databases as well as individual data elements lifted from various publications 

and research materials) 

2. Data tracking (coordination of different inventory elements as well as refinements of 

initial draft estimates with newer or updated data) 

3. QA/QC and data validation, which consisted of data checking and correcting and proper 

substitution of corrected data. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-79 

Additional data review and validation procedures consisted of review focused on identifying 

gaps or double-counting of source emissions as well as separate tabulations of emissions by 

sector and category at several stages of the EI development, from raw and calculation 

spreadsheets to SMOKE processing model inputs and outputs. 

Each of the data handling and validation elements is further discussed below. 

Data Assembly and Review – Initial data assembly and review was performed for each piece of 

external data. This included structuring data for specific source types into a unified spreadsheet 

structure. (For example, facility-specific episodic data were supplied in a range of spreadsheet 

layouts and data units.) It included explicit assignments of SCC codes to data for each category 

or sector. It also consisted of a preliminary review of data validity using a combination of 

range/unit checks and independent corroboration (e.g., Tier 1 or EIS/SCC-level comparisons to 

NEI estimates). 

Data Tracking – Data obtained externally from a variety of agencies, other outside entities, and 

literature review sources were gathered and organized into hierarchical folders based on source 

sector classifications. To account for the need for data collection, EI calculation, and then 

QA/QC review by multiple and disparate personnel, both “working” and “final” versions of this 

hierarchical structure were utilized. In addition, procedures were employed whereby earlier draft 

estimates and supporting data were periodically offloaded to separate folders marked as “Draft” 

to ensure there was no confusion as to the elemental supporting files of a finalized EI element as 

well as to preserve an evolutionary archive/revision history of the EI revisions throughout the 

inventory development process. Daily and weekly file backups were performed using Sierra’s 

network backup system. 

QA/QC and Data Validation – The principal QA/QC methods and data validation techniques 

employed in development of the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP inventories included the following: 

 Reality, limit and unit checks; 

 Peer review; 

 Sample calculations; 

 Sensitivity analysis; and 

 Independent audits/validation of emission estimates. 

Some of these elements are further explained below. 

Peer Review – Peer review was a regular and integral part of the process utilized to assure the 

quality and validity of the inventories. For nearly the last three years of the SIP development, 

weekly and monthly conference calls were held by DEC with participation by their consultant 

Sierra, FNSB, and EPA Region 10 staff to discuss emergent data sources or study reports and 

discuss analytical approaches and calculation methods/assumptions. In addition to these weekly 

calls, intermediate EI data elements and calculation spreadsheets were also circulated between 

DEC, FNSB, Sierra and Region 10 to perform independent review and evaluation. The 

participants in these weekly and monthly exchanges are listed below. 
Adopted November 14, 2014 

 III.D.5.6-80 

 Alice Edwards, DEC 

 Cindy Heil, DEC 

 Deanna Huff, DEC 

 Jim Conner, FNSB 

 Ron Lovell, FNSB 

 Todd Thompson, FNSB 

 Rob Elleman, EPA Region 10 

 Lucy Edmonson, EPA Region 10 

 Jeff Houk, FWHA Resource Center (monthly) 

 Kris Reisenberg, FHWA (monthly) 

 Bob Dulla, Sierra Research 

 Tom Carlson Sierra Research 

 Mark Hixson, Sierra Research 

In addition to these weekly and monthly calls, several coordinated in-person meetings were held 

either in Alaska or at EPA Region 10’s Seattle office to provide detailed technical briefings on 

EI and other SIP elements. Finally, preliminary reviews of EI technical documentation were 

provided by Rob Elleman and Bob Kotchenruther of EPA Region 10. 

Independent Audits and Emission Estimation Validation – Independent audits largely included 

review of spreadsheet calculations by a second or third person beyond the initial preparer of 

emission estimates for each individual source category. Emission estimation validation consisted 

of a series of corroboratory checks at both the source category and broader source sector level. 

At the source category (e.g., SCC) level, NEI estimates were used to initially validate the EI 

estimates. Although this often proved problematic because the NEI estimates were county-wide 

annual averages and were often initially found to be in significant disagreement with the episodic 

estimates, especially those entirely developed using locally collected activity data or test 

measurements, it forced the data validation to back track through the calculations (including 

accounting for strong seasonal variations) to affirm the findings. Validation procedures applied 

at the broader source sector/type level included corroboration of source contributions to total 

inventory emissions with independent source apportionment techniques that included Positive 

Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) analyses performed to support 

the SIP. 
APPENDIX III.D.5.6

EMISSIONS INVENTORY

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Introduction 

III.D.5.6-1 

INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

Within the Home Heating sector, separate sections are provided that detail key underlying data 

sources and components of the approach used to estimate episodic home heating emissions, 

given their importance within the entire inventory as follows: 

 Development of Energy Model – describes local instrumented data collection and 

analysis used to develop a home heating energy demand model calibrated to episodic 

wintertime conditions in Fairbanks; 

 Residential Surveys – documents the structure, content and approach used to collect key 

activity, source mix and behavior pattern data in a series of home heating surveys of 

locally sampled residential households; 

 Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Content – explains the data sources used to 

identify the local mix and energy content of wood species used in home heating and the 

methods used to account for the effect of wood moisture content on emissions; 

 OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors – discusses the emission factors used to estimate 

home heating emissions in Fairbanks by device type and includes factors developed from 

laboratory testing local heating devices and AP-42-based rates; and 

 Emission Calculation Details – explains how each of the data sources and upstream 

methods were combined to estimate gridded hourly estimates of home heating emissions. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-2 

EPISODIC POINT SOURCE DATA

Given the potential for strong seasonal variations in facility activity and demand point source 

emissions to support the episodic modeling were developed on a day- and hour-specific basis for 

each of the key point source facilities within the modeling domain. This section of the technical 

appendix describes how episodic activity data were collected by ADEC and emission estimates 

calculated for these point sources. It also explains how these data were reviewed for quality 

assurance before being loaded into the SIP modeling inventory. 

BASE	YEAR	EPISODIC	POINT	SOURCE	DATA

For the 2008 base year SIP inventory, ADEC queried facilities from its permits database to 

identify major and minor point source facilities within the modeling domain. ADEC uses the 

definition of a major source under Title V of the Clean Air Act (as specified in 40 CFR 51.20) to 

define the “major source” thresholds for reporting annual emissions. These thresholds are the 

potential to emit (PTE) annual emissions of 100 tons for all relevant criteria air pollutants. 

Natural minor and synthetic minor facilities (between 5 and 99 TPY) reporting emissions under 

either New Source Review (NSR) or Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements 

were also initially included in the query to ensure that facilities within the non-attainment area 

just below the 100 TPY threshold were also identified to determine whether their emission levels 

might warrant treatment and individual stationary point sources within the SIP model inventory. 

A total of 14 facilities were identified. Of these, ADEC noted that three of the facilities, the 

Golden Valley Electric Association (GVEA) Healy Power Plant and the heating/power plants at 

Fort Greely (near Delta Junction) and Clear Air Force Base (near Anderson) were excluded from 

development of episodic emissions. These facilities were excluded because of their remoteness 

relative to Fairbanks (all are between 55 and 78 miles away)1 or the fact that they were located 

generally downwind of the non-attainment area under episodic air flow patterns (Healy Power 

Plant and Clear AFB). Three others were identified as minor/synthetic minor sources: 1) Fort 

Knox Mine (26 miles northeast of Fairbanks), 2) Usibelli Coal Preparation Plant (in Healy), and 

3) CMI Asphalt Plant (in Fairbanks) and were excluded from treatment as individual episodic 

point sources because they were either located outside the non-attainment area (Fort Knox and 

Usibelli) or exhibited insignificant wintertime activity (CMI Asphalt Plant). 

(These excluded facilities were treated as stationary non-point or area sources within the 

inventory.) 

The names and primary equipment and fuels of the eight remaining facilities for which episodic 

data were collected and developed are summarized in Table 5.6-1. One facility, Eielson Air 

Force Base is located just outside the non-attainment area boundary on the southeast edge. All 

other facilities listed in Table 5.6-1 are located within the non-attainment area. 

 

1 Individual point source plume modeling conducted by ADEC in support of the SIP using the CALPUFF model 

found that under the episodic meteorological conditions, emissions from facilities located outside the Fairbanks 

PM2.5 non-attainment area exhibited negligible contributions to ambient PM2.5 concentrations in the area. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-3 

Table 5.6-1 

Summary of SIP Modeling Inventory Point Source Facilities 

Facility 

ID Facility Name Primary Equipment/Fuels 

71 Flint Hills North Pole Refinery

11 crude & process heaters burning process gas/LPG (9 

operated during episodes), plus 2 natural gas-fired steam 

generators, gas flare

109 GVEA Zehnder (Illinois St) 

Power Plant

Two gas turbines burning HAGOa, two diesel generators 

burning Jet A

110 GVEA North Pole Power Plant

Three gas turbines, two burning HAGO, one burning 

naphtha (plus an emergency generator and building 

heaters not used during episodes)

236 Fort Wainwright Backup diesel boilers & generators (3 each) - none 

operated during episodes

264 Eielson Air Force Base Over 70 combustion units - six coal-fired main boilers 

only operated during episodes

315 Aurora Energy Chena Power 

Plant

Four coal-fired boilers (1 large, 3 small), all exhausted 

through common stack

316 UAF Campus Power Plant Two coal-fired, two oil-fired boilers (plus backup 

generators & incinerator not operated during episodes)

1121 Doyon Utilities (private Fort 

Wainwright units) Six coal-fired boilers

a

 Heavy Atmospheric Gas Oil. HAGO is a crude distillate at the heavy end of typical refinery “cuts” with typical 

boiling points ranging from 610-800°F. Due to geographic proximity, GVEA seasonally uses HAGO during winter, 

a by-product from Flint Hills Refinery. 

As noted in Table 5.6-1, some of the equipment is not normally operated during wintertime 

modeling episodes. This infrequently operated equipment includes backup boilers and 

emergency generators. 

In December 2010, ADEC sent letters of request and spreadsheet templates to each of the eight 

point source facilities listed in Table 5.6-1, requesting additional actual day- and hour-specific 

activity and emissions data from each facility (as available) covering the two 2008 historical 

modeling episodes: 

 Episode 1 (E1) – January 23 through February 10, 2008; and 

 Episode 2 (E2) – November 2 through November 17, 2008. 

The spreadsheet template contained individual sheets organized in a structure similar to that use 

to collect and submit stationary point source data to EPA under National Emission Inventory 

(NEI) reporting requirements. Information was requested for both combustion and fugitive 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-4 

sources. Requested data elements included emission units, stack parameters (height, diameter, 

exit temperature and velocity/flow rate), release points (location coordinates), control devices (as 

applicable), seasonal and diurnal fuel properties and throughput. 

If available (e.g. through continuous emissions monitoring systems) facilities were also directed 

to submit additional spreadsheets with day and hour-specific data for the two historical modeling 

episodes. 

Episodic 2008 actual data were provided by seven of the eight facilities listed earlier in Table 

5.6-1. (Episodic data were not provided for Fort Wainwright (Facility ID=236) since as its 

backup diesel generators and boilers were not in operation during the two 2008 modeling 

episodes as noted in Table 5.6-1.) The facilities provided fuel use, sulfur content, emission 

factor, and/or emissions data. The pollutants of interest included PM2.5, sulfur dioxide (SO2), 

nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOC). 

Figure 5.6-1 shows the locations of each of the point sources contained within the PM2.5

nonattainment area (the tan shaded area), by facility ID and stack ID. The green dots represent 

locations of combustion point sources while the orange dots signify fugitive VOC sources. The 

location of the downtown ambient PM2.5 monitor is also shown in Figure 5.6-1. 

Figure 5.6-1 

Location of Point Sources by Facility ID Within Fairbanks PM2.5 Non-Attainment Area 

!.!.!.!.

!.

!.!.!.

!.

!.

!.

!.

!. !.

!.

!.

71-871-9

71-7 71-6

316-6 316-4

316-3 316-1 315-7

110-7

109-3109-4

1121-21121-3

236-24

236-23

236-22 1121-7A

316-09A

RICHARDSON HWY

Goldstream Rd

BADGER RD

CHENA HOT SPRINGS RD

PEEDE RD NORDALE RD

REPP RD

GEORGE PARKS HWY

PLACK RD

AIRPORT WAY

OLD STEESE HWY

PEGER RD

CHENA PUMP RD

HURST RD

HOLMES RD

BALLAINE RD

CHENA RIDGE RD

GAFFNEY RD D ST

NELSON RD

UNIVERSITY AVE

SHEEP CREEK RD

STEESE HWY

FARMERS LOOP RD

S CUSHMAN ST

FREEMAN RD

30TH AVE

SUMMIT DR

A ST

Steele Creek Rd

8TH AVE

NEWBY RD

Bennett Rd

DAWSON RD

22ND AVE

DANBY ST

HOLLOWELL RD

STEESE HWY

Fairbanks North Star

Downtown Monitor
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-5 

QUALITY	ASSURANCE	REVIEW

ADEC’s contractor, Sierra Research, Inc. (Sierra), then assembled and reviewed the submitted 

data for completeness, consistency and validity prior to integrating the episodic data into the SIP 

inventories. Given the differences in structure and content of the submitted episodic data, the 

data were individually reviewed for each facility before being assembled into a consistent 

inventory structure. 

Generally, most facilities provided hourly PM2.5 and SO2 emission rates by individual emission 

unit. As explained in greater detail below, Sierra then developed estimates of NOx and VOC 

emission rates from AP-422

 based emission factors (where fuel use data were explicitly 

provided) or from fuel-specific emission factor ratios. 

The actual episodic data obtained from each facility are summarized below. Any corrections 

made to the data during the review are specifically noted. 

Flint Hills Refinery (#71) - The Flint Hills Refinery (FHR) provided ADEC with hourly 

emissions data for PM2.5/ SO2/NOx/ VOC for five release points encompassing 12 emission 

sources. Flint Hills Refinery did not differentiate the hourly emissions among the underlying 

emission sources. Flint Hills Refinery did not provide the underlying fuel usage rates, process 

throughput rates, or the emission factors associated with these emissions. Flint Hills Refinery 

did not provide the basis for the emissions data; it only provided the hourly emissions. 

Emissions from one of the four release points – the flare – are insignificant compared to the 

emissions from the four release points. Flint Hills Refinery did not provide stack temperature, 

stack flow rate, or stack velocity data for the flare. 

GVEA Zehnder Power Plant (#109) - GVEA provided ADEC with hourly fuel consumption and 

PM/SO2 emissions data for two liquid-fired gas turbines and two liquid fired generators. The gas 

turbines (Units 1/2) burn HAGO/Jet A. GVEA calculated hourly PM/SO2 emissions from the 

hourly fuel usage and emission factors. Sierra similarly calculated hourly NOx/VOC emissions 

from the hourly fuel usage and emission factors. 

For Units 1/2, GVEA used a source test-derived filterable PM emission factor; Sierra assumed 

that PM comprised 100% PM2.5 since AP-42 does not distinguish PM emissions by particle size. 

Sierra further assumed that the condensable PM fraction was negligible compared to the 

filterable PM fraction. GVEA derived the HAGO/Jet A SO2 emission factors from the averaged 

measured HAGO/Jet A sulfur contents and HAGO/Jet A higher heating values (HHV). Sierra 

obtained the NOx/VOC emission factors for an uncontrolled gas turbine from Tables 3.1-1 and 

3.1-2a, respectively, of AP-42 (April 2000). 

For the generators (Units 3/4), GVEA obtained the PM2.5 emission factor from Table 3.4-2 of 

AP-42 (October 1996). GVEA derived the diesel SO2 emission factor from the averaged 

measured Jet A sulfur content and jet A HHV. Sierra obtained the NOx/VOC emission factors 

for an uncontrolled engine from Table 3.4-1 of AP-42 (October 1996). Sierra corrected some 

 

2 “AP-42, Fifth Edition, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area 

Sources,” Environmental Protection Agency, January 1995. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-6 

errors it discovered while reviewing GVEA’s calculations. Units 3/4 SO2 emissions were 

overstated by a factor of 100 because the fuel sulfur content was not divided by 100 in the 

calculation. Unit 4 SO2 emissions during November were further overstated. The combined 

emissions from Units 3/4 were calculated rather than apportioning the fraction attributable to 

Unit 4. Emissions from the two generators are insignificant compared to the emissions from the 

two gas turbines. GVEA did not provide stack temperature, stack flow rate, or stack velocity 

data for the generators. 

GVEA North Pole Power Plant (#110) - GVEA provided ADEC with hourly fuel consumption 

and PM/SO2 emissions data for three liquid-fired gas turbines comprising five release points 

(two turbines each discharge to two separate stacks). Units 1/2 burn HAGO while Unit 5 burns a 

combination of naphtha and Jet A. GVEA calculated hourly PM/SO2 emissions from the hourly 

fuel usage and emission factors. Sierra similarly calculated hourly NOx/VOC emissions from the 

hourly fuel usage and emission factors. 

For Units 1/2, GVEA used a source test-derived PM10 emission factor; Sierra assumed that PM10

comprised 100% PM2.5 since AP-42 does not distinguish PM emissions by particle size. GVEA 

derived the SO2 from the averaged measured HAGO sulfur content and HAGO HHV. Sierra 

obtained the NOx/VOC emission factors for an uncontrolled gas turbine from Tables 3.1-1 and 

3.1-2a, respectively, of AP-42 (April 2000). Sierra corrected an error it discovered while 

reviewing GVEA’s calculations. Units 1/2 emissions were inadvertently calculated using the jet 

A HHV rather than the HAGO HHV. 

For Unit 5, GVEA obtained the PM emission factors (filterable and condensable) from Table 

3.1-2a of AP-42 (April 2000); Sierra assumed that PM comprised 100% PM2.5 since AP-42 does 

not distinguish PM emissions by particle size. The AP-42 PM emission factor used for Unit 5 is 

over an order of magnitude lower than the source test-derived PM10 emission factor used for 

Units 1/2. GVEA derived the naphtha/Jet A SO2 emission factors from the averaged measured 

naphtha/Jet A sulfur contents and naphtha/Jet A HHVs. The naphtha/Jet A SO2 emission factors 

used for Unit 5 are nearly an order of magnitude lower than the HAGO SO2 emission factor used 

for Unit 5 because the sulfur content of HAGO is much higher than that of naphtha/Jet A. Sierra 

obtained the NOx/VOC emission factors for a water injected gas turbine from Tables 3.1-1 and 

3.1-2a, respectively, of AP-42 (April 2000). 

Eielson Air Force Base (#109) - Eielson Air Force Base provided ADEC with combined hourly 

PM2.5 and SO2 emissions data for six release points, each comprising one coal-fired spreader 

stoker boiler. Eielson did not differentiate the hourly emissions among the underlying boilers 

but did provide the underlying hourly steam production rates associated with each boiler. 

Eielson did not provide the basis for the hourly PM2.5 and SO2 emissions data; it only provided 

the combined hourly emissions. Sierra allocated hourly PM2.5 and SO2 emissions among the six 

boilers proportional to hourly steam production relative to the total steam production. 

Sierra calculated hourly NOx and VOC emissions from the hourly PM2.5 emissions using the 

ratio of NOx/VOC emission factors to an assumed PM2.5 emission factor. Sierra obtained the 

assumed total PM2.5 emission factor, representing the sum of filterable and condensable emission 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-7 

factors, for a spreader stoker boiler equipped with a baghouse and firing sub-bituminous coal (or 

bituminous coal when sub-bituminous coal emissions data were not available) from Tables 1.1-5 

and 1.1-9 of AP-42 (September 1998). Sierra obtained the NOx/VOC emission factors for a 

water injected gas turbine from Tables 1.1-3 and 1.1-19, respectively, of AP-42 (September 

1998). 

Emission factors for spreader stoker boilers firing sub-bituminous coal (or bituminous coal when 

sub-bituminous coal emissions data were not available). Sierra similarly allocated hourly 

emissions among the six boilers proportional to hourly steam production relative to the total 

steam production. 

Aurora Energy, LLC (#315) - Aurora Energy, LLC provided ADEC with hourly average 

PM2.5/SO2 emissions data, which Aurora derived from daily emissions, for one release point 

encompassing 4 emission sources (i.e., coal boilers). Aurora did not differentiate the daily 

emissions among the underlying emission sources. Aurora did not provide the basis for the 

PM2.5/SO2 emission calculations. Aurora did not provide any hourly fuel usage or steam 

production data to enable Sierra to allocate daily emissions on an hour basis proportional to 

hourly plant production. 

Aurora also provided Sierra directly with daily coal usage data from which Sierra used emission 

factors (in lb/mmBTU) to calculate daily NOx/VOC emissions. Aurora provided Sierra 

permitted NOx emission rates and maximum heat input rates for each boiler, from which Sierra 

derived NOx emission factors (in lb/mmBTU). Sierra obtained the VOC emission factor for a 

coal-fired spreader stoker boiler from Table 1.1-19 of AP-42 (September 1998). Since Aurora 

did not provide any hourly fuel usage or steam production data to enable Sierra to allocate daily 

emissions on an hour basis proportional to hourly plant production, Sierra calculated the average 

hourly NOx /VOC emissions from the daily NOx /VOC emissions. 

University Of Alaska, Fairbanks (#316) - The University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF) provided 

ADEC with hourly fuel use data for four boilers – two coal-fired and two oil-fired – comprising 

four separate release points. UAF subsequently confirmed with Sierra that the fuel oil usage 

units of measure are actually gallons per minute, though initially reported as gallons per hour. 

Aurora did not provide hourly emissions data. Sierra calculated hourly PM2.5/SO2/ NOx /VOC 

emissions using emission factors and fuel usage. UAF provided fuel sulfur content data and a 

source test-derived coal PM2.5 emission factor. Sierra obtained SO2/ NOx /VOC emission factors 

for overfeed stoker boilers burning sub-bituminous coal from Tables 1.1-3 and 1.1-19 of AP-42 

(September 1998). Sierra obtained PM2.5/SO2/ NOx /VOC emission factors for industrial boilers 

burning #2 fuel oil from Tables 1.3-1, 1.3-2, and 1.3-3 of AP-32 (May 2010). 

Doyon Utilities (#1121) - Doyon Utilities provided ADEC with daily emissions data for PM2.5

and SO2 for six release points, each comprising one coal-fired spreader stoker boiler. Doyon did 

not provide the hourly emissions for each boiler but did provide the underlying hourly steam 

production rates associated with each boiler. Doyon calculated daily PM2.5/SO2 emissions from 

the daily coal usage, daily coal sulfur content, and emission factors. Doyon obtained the 

PM2.5/SO2 emission factors for spreader stoker boilers equipped with a baghouse and firing subbituminous coal (or bituminous coal when sub-bituminous coal emissions data were not 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-8 

available) from Tables 1.1-3, 1.1-5, and 1.1-9 of AP-42 (September 1998). Sierra similarly 

calculated daily NOx / VOC emissions from the daily coal usage and emission factors. Sierra 

obtained the NOx /VOC emission factors for spreader stoker boilers firing sub-bituminous coal 

from Tables 1.1-3 and 1.1-19 of AP-42 (September 1998). Sierra allocated hourly emissions 

among the six boilers proportional to hourly steam production relative to the daily steam 

production. 

Doyon was unable to provide hourly steam production data for January 24th. Sierra allocated 

daily emissions by assuming that the hourly emissions were proportional to the average of the 

hourly emissions from the preceding and following day (i.e., January 23rd and 25th). Hourly 

steam production was also missing for Hours 14 through 16 on November 15th. Sierra assumed 

that hourly steam production for these missing hours equaled the average of the preceding and 

following hours (Hour 13 and 17). 

Cross-Facility Fuel Properties Review – As an additional data validation check, a comparison of 

key fuel properties across all of the point source facility data was performed. Although fuel 

property data submitted by facilities were based on actual fuel measurements, the intent was to 

ensure there were no inadvertent transcription errors in the submitted data by confirming that 

these data fell within accepted ranges. Table 5.6-2 summarizes the results of sulfur and ash 

content comparisons by fuel type across all facilities using each fuel. 

Table 5.6-2 

Comparison of Key Point Source Fuel Properties 

Fuel Sulfur Content (%) Ash Content (%) 

LPG/Natural gas ~0.001 0 

Naphtha 0.018 - 0.024 0 

Jet A 0.083 - 0.093 0 

Coal 0.12 – 0.34 7-15 

Distillate Oil 0.39 – 0.44 0 

HAGO 0.69 – 0.71 0 

Source Coordinates Review – Coordinates for stack/vent release point locations obtained from 

each facility were also reviewed by Sierra. The transmittal spreadsheets requested latitude and 

longitude coordinates and the geodetic datum on which they were based for the source release 

points of each facility. 

To validate the source coordinate data submitted by each facility, the latitude/longitude data and 

datum (when provided) were loaded into GIS software (ArcGIS). As-received coordinates were 

given based on a combination of WGS84, NAD1983 and NAD1927 datums. Thus the first step 

in validating the coordinate data consisted of converting them all to a single standardized datum 

(WGS84) within ArcGIS. WGS84 was chosen since it is the datum upon with the Google Earth 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-9 

mapping utility is based. The unified datum coordinate data were then exported to a “KMZ” 

spatial data file for plotting and viewing within Google Earth. 

Several coordinate inconsistencies were found for one or two of the facilities and were 

straightforward to visually identify using Google Earth. They generally appeared to be the result 

of either transcription errors in the latitude/longitude data provided or related to uncertainty 

about the datum upon which they were based. A list of facility-specific coordinate 

inconsistencies was prepared for ADEC which was used to follow-up with and obtain corrected 

data from affected facilities. In one instance, revised location coordinates still did not accurate 

match comparisons of zoomed in Google Earth views and source locations on a building sketch 

map. For this instance, it was assumed that the datum with which the coordinates were 

associated was incorrect and the latitude/longitude coordinates were identified directly from the 

zoomed in Google Earth view. 

EMISSION	COMPARISONS	

Episodic vs. Annual Actual and Permitted Levels - Once the facility data were corrected and 

validated, a series of emission summaries for each facility were developed comparing emissions 

across each of the two modeling episodes (from the episodic data) to actual emissions for all of 

calendar 2008 and annual permitted or PTE levels. (The latter two elements were obtained from 

DEC’s AirTools permits database system.) Emission levels were converted to an average daily 

basis, to standardize the comparisons of episodic and annual emissions. 

Figure 5.6-2 through Figure 5.6-5 presents these episodic, annual and permitted emissions of 

PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and VOC, respectively, for each source facility. (Episodic NH3 data were not 

available.) Within each figure, four sets of daily average emissions (in tons/day) are plotted for 

each facility, as described below. 

1. 2008 E1 Avg – Episode 1 (Jan. 23 - Feb 10, 2008) average daily actual emissions 

2. 2008 E2 Avg – Episode 2 (Nov.2 – Nov. 17, 2008) average daily actual emissions 

3. 2008 Actual – 2008 actual annual average daily emissions (from DEC database) 

4. PTE – Allowable or permitted annual Potential to Emit (PTE) levels, expressed on an 

average daily basis (from DEC database) 

In comparing allowable (PTE) limits to the actual emissions in this set of figures, one should 

compare only actual annual emissions (green bars) to the PTE limits (purple bars) since all the 

data are plotted on an average daily basis. In other words, the fact that GVEP NP Episode 1 

average daily emissions in Figure 5.6-2 (blue bar) are higher than the PTE level (purple bar) does 

not indicate the PTE limit was exceeded since it is an annual, rather than daily limit. 

As seen in Figure 5.6-2, significant differences exist for certain facilities between actual daily 

average PM2.5 emissions during the winter modeling episodes and permitted (i.e., PTE) average 

daily emission levels. Moreover, the difference in average actual daily emissions also varied 

significantly between modeling episodes (and compared to actual annual average emissions) for 

specific facilities, notably the GVEA North Pole (NP) power plant. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-10 

Figure 5.6-2 

2008 PM2.5 Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source-Emissions (tons/day) 

Figure 5.6-3 

2008 SO2 Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source-Emissions (tons/day) 

Figure 5.6-3 through Figure 5.6-5 show similar comparisons for the precursor pollutants. 

In comparing the facility-specific daily emission averages across this series of plots, it is noted 

that the PTE emissions represent allowable limits based on operating permits in place in the 2008 

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder

GVEA NP Eielson

AFB

Aurora

Energy

UAF Doyon (Ft

WW)

Emissions (tons/day)

2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTE

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder

GVEA NP Eielson

AFB

Aurora

Energy

UAF Doyon (Ft

WW)

Emissions (tons/day)

2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTE
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-11 

Figure 5.6-4 

2008 NOx Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source-Emissions (tons/day) 

Figure 5.6-5 

2008 VOC Episodic, Actual Annual and PTE Point Source-Emissions (tons/day) 

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder

GVEA NP Eielson

AFB

Aurora

Energy

UAF Doyon (Ft

WW)

Emissions (tons/day)

2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTE

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Flint Hills GVEA

Zehnder

GVEA NP Eielson

AFB

Aurora

Energy

UAF Doyon (Ft

WW)

Emissions (tons/day)

2008 E1 Avg

2008 E2 Avg

2008 Actual

PTE
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-12 

baseline year that continue through 2014 with exceptions at UAF3

 and Flint Hills4 that were 

assumed to not affect allowable emissions in the projected 2015 inventories. 

In addition, the episodic actual emissions for these point sources in the modeling inventory are 

represented on a day- and hour-specific basis. The E1 and E2 emission levels shown in the plots 

are averages compiled from the day- and hour-specific emissions across each modeling episode. 

Hourly Emissions – In addition to examining episodic, annual and PTE emissions, comparisons 

of hourly emissions averaged across all days in each episode were also developed for each 

facility. 

Figure 5.6-6 and Figure 5.6-7 compare average hourly PM2.5 emissions for each facility in 

Episode 1 and Episode 2, respectively. As seen in these two figures, the hourly PM2.5 emission 

profiles vary both by facility within an episode, as well as across each episode for some facilities. 

The two GVEA facilities show significant variation in hourly average emissions. As seen in 

Figure 5.6-6 hourly PM2.5 emissions at GVEA North Pole (GVEA-NP) vary by nearly a factor of 

ten, with emissions highest from 10 am through around 10 pm before dropping significantly. 

The GVEA-Zehnder emissions also vary, but appear more muted when plotted on the same scale 

because emissions for that facility during Episode 1 are much lower than at GVEA-NP. In 

contrast, Figure 5.6-7 shows that GVEA-Zehnder PM2.5 hourly emissions vary even more 

dramatically that GVA-NP during Episode 2. Hourly PM2.5 emissions for the other five facilities 

are much more constant throughout the day. 

Figure 5.6-8 and Figure 5.6-9 present similar comparisons across Episodes 1 and 2 for hourly 

SO2 emissions. Again, the two GVEA facilities exhibit significant variation in diurnal SO2

emissions, while emissions for the other facilities are generally flat across each hour of the day. 

 

 

3

 UAF received a construction permit (under Title I of the CAA) in April 2014 for replacement 

of its two existing coil-fired boilers with new dual fuel-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) 

boilers that will result in modest changes in facility PTE levels. As of the date of this SIP 

submittal, it was unknown if these boiler replacements would actually occur in 2015. Thus, preApril 2014 PTE levels were assumed for UAF in 2015. 

4

 In the first half of 2014, the Flint Hills Refinery was shut down. Production of both gasoline 

and other fuel products ended in early summer. The facility’s actual and PTE emissions were 

still applied in the 2015 inventory given uncertainty about the closing/decommissioning schedule 

for the refinery at the time the inventory was finalized. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-13 

Figure 5.6-6 

Episode 1 Average Hourly PM2.5 Emissions (lb) by Facility 

Figure 5.6-7 

Episode 2 Average Hourly PM2.5 Emissions (lb) by Facility 

 

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Hourly Emissions (lb)

Hour (ending)

Flint Hills

GVEA‐Zehn

GVEA‐NP

Eielson

Aurora

UAF

Doyon/WW

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Hourly Emissions (lb)

Hour (ending)

Flint Hills

GVEA‐Zehn

GVEA‐NP

Eielson

Aurora

UAF

Doyon/WW
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-14 

Figure 5.6-8 

Episode 1 Average Hourly SO2 Emissions (lb) by Facility 

Figure 5.6-9 

Episode 2 Average Hourly SO2 Emissions (lb) by Facility 

 

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Hourly Emissions (lb)

Hour (ending)

Flint Hills

GVEA‐Zehn

GVEA‐NP

Eielson

Aurora

UAF

Doyon/WW

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Hourly Emissions (lb)

Hour (ending)

Flint Hills

GVEA‐Zehn

GVEA‐NP

Eielson

Aurora

UAF

Doyon/WW
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-15 

PROJECTED	BASELINES

Often, projected baseline emissions for stationary point source facilities are developed based on 

actual emissions in the baseline year (2008 in this SIP) with activity growth projected using 

population or employment forecasts or other reasonable growth surrogates, coupled with control 

factors that reflect effects of emission reductions from phase in or addition of industrial source 

controls triggered by technology-based regulatory standards (e.g., RACT/BACT5) for areas with 

an existing SIP. 

For this Moderate Area SIP, future activity growth for all permitted point sources was held 

constant at actual 2008 episodic levels. This assumption was made for two reasons: 

1. Uncertainty Regarding HAGO Switching - The final SIP inventories were prepared and 

used in attainment modeling during spring of 2014. In February 2014, Flint Hills 

publicly announced plans to shut down their refinery in North Pole, with complete 

decommissioning of the facility expected by the end of 2014. Flint Hills Refinery has 

been the supplier of the HAGO fuel used during winter by the GVEA North Pole and 

Zehnder power plants. (HAGO was a refinery by-product than represented a costeffective fuel for GVEA.) Source test-based emission factors from GVEA burning 

HAGO and other facilities burning coal or oil indicate that PM2.5 emission factors per 

unit energy for HAGO were roughly an order of magnitude greater than those for coal or 

oil. With the shutdown of Flint Hills beginning, there was uncertainty at the time the 

inventories were developed as to what fuel GVEA would substitute for existing HAGO 

use during winter. Given the magnitude of HAGO emission factors relative to other 

industrial fuels, actual episodic emissions for GVEA in future years were uncertain. 

2. Uncertainty Regarding Population-Driven Effects – Source data collected for the two 

historical winter 2008 episodes reflected actual activity levels during these two periods. 

It is unclear how well source throughput or activity correlates with year-to-year changes 

in population (or ambient temperature). Given the modest 1% per year long-term 

population growth projected for the area and uncertainty regarding employment growth 

and the fact that the actual data were collected in 2008 which preceded the economic 

recession of the last several years, use of a population or employment-based growth 

surrogate was highly uncertain and not likely to significantly alter future industrial 

facility activity and emissions. 

Given the effect of HAGO use at the GVEA facilities in the 2008 baseline actual point source 

inventory coupled with the shutdown of Flint Hills Refinery, holding actual emissions constant at 

2008 levels likely represent a conservative (i.e. over-stated) estimate of actual emissions in 2015 

and 2019. 

As explained in Section 5.7, control triggers would not occur until after the submittal of the firsttime Moderate Area PM2.5 SIP. Thus, the control factor element of the projected baseline point 

 

5

 RACT – Reasonably Available Control Technologies, BACT – Best Available Control 

Technologies. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

III.D.5.6-16 

source inventories assumes no further control. RACT triggered control requirements may occur 

in the future, but they are not part of the projected baselines for point sources in this SIP. 

Thus, 2008 actual episodic and allowable (PTE) emission levels for the permitted stationary 

point sources were assumed to apply in the projected baseline inventories. 

INVENTORY	ASSEMBLY

To support the attainment modeling, the episodic day- and hour-specific emissions for each 

facility were utilized in modeling actual point source emission cases. Allowable emissions were 

based on daily (and hourly) averages of annual PTE levels. Rather than assume a constant 

hourly emission rate, PTE levels for each facility converted to a daily average basis were then 

apportioned to the average hourly profiles of each facility across both modeling episodes. In 

other words the episodic average hourly emissions plotted earlier in Figure 5.6-6 through Figure 

5.6-9 were converted to relative (fractional) values and then applied to the PTE-based daily 

average emissions. 

In addition, since the PTE levels are totals across all emission units for each facility (e.g., stacks, 

vents, etc.), allowable emissions were also distributed by emission unit within each facility based 

on the relative contribution of each unit from actual data averaged across the two historical 

modeling episodes. 

Using these methods, day and hour-specific emissions were developed for both the Actual and 

Allowable emission cases. For the Actual case, emissions varied by both day and hour based on 

the historical data. For the Allowable case, emissions were constant for each day and the hourly 

profile was constant across each day (although it varied by facility). 

The day and hour-specific emissions for the Actual and Allowable cases were assembled and 

formatted for input into the SMOKE emissions pre-processor model as described in Appendix 

III.D.5.8. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-17 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-18 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-19 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-20 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-21 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-22 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-23 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-24 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-25 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-26 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-27 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-28 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-29 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-30 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-31 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-32 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-33 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-34 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-35 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-36 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-37 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-38 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-39 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-40 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-41 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-42 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-43 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-44 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-45 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-46 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-47 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-48 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-49 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-50 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-51 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-52 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-53 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-54 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-55 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-56 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-57 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-58 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-59 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-60 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-61 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-62 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-63 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-64 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-65 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-66 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-67 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-68 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-69 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-70 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-71 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-72 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-73 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-74 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-75 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-76 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-77 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-78 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-79 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-80 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-81 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-82 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-83 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-84 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-85 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-86 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-87 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-88 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-89 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-90 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-91 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-92 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-93 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-94 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-95 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-96 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-97 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-98 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-99 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-100 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-101 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-102 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-103 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-104 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-105 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-106 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-107 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-108 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-109 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-110 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-111 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-112 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-113 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-114 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-115 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-116 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-117 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-118 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-119 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-120 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-121 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-122 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-123 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-124 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-125 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-126 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-127 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-128 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-129 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-130 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-131 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-132 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-133 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-134 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-135 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-136 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-137 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-138 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-139 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-140 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-141 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-142 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-143 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-144 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-145 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-146 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-147 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-148 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-149 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-150 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-151 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-152 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-153 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-154 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-155 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-156 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-157 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-158 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-159 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-160 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-161 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-162 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-163 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-164 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-165 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-166 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-167 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-168 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-169 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-170 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-171 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-172 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-173 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-174 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-175 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-176 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-177 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-178 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-179 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-180 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-181 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-182 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-183 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-184 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-185 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-186 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-187 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-188 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-189 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-190 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-191 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-192 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-193 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-194 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-195 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-196 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-197 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-198 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-199 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-200 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-201 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-202 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-203 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-204 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-205 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-206 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-207 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-208 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-209 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-210 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-211 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-212 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-213 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-214 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-215 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-216 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-217 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-218 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-219 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-220 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-221 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-222 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-223 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-224 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-225 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-226 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-227 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-228 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-229 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-230 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-231 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-232 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-233 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-234 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-235 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-236 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-237 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-238 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-239 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-240 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-241 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-242 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-243 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-244 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-245 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-246 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-247 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-248 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-249 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-250 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-251 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-252 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-253 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-254 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-255 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-256 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-257 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-258 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-259 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-260 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-261 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-262 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-263 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-264 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-265 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-266 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-267 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-268 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-269 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-270 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-271 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-272 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-273 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-274 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-275 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-276 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-277 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-278 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-279 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-280 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-281 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-282 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-283 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-284 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-285 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-286 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-287 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-288 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-289 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-290 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-291 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-292 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-293 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-294 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-295 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-296 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-297 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-298 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-299 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-300 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-301 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-302 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-303 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-304 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-305 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-306 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-307 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-308 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-309 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-310 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-311 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-312 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-313 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-314 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-315 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-316 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-317 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-318 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-319 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-320 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-321 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-322 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-323 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-324 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-325 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-326 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-327 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-328 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-329 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-330 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-331 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-332 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-333 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-334 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-335 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-336 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-337 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-338 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-339 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-340 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-341 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-342 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-343 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-344 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-345 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-346 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-347 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-348 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-349 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-350 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-351 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-352 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-353 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-354 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-355 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-356 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-357 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-358 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-359 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-360 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-361 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-362 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-363 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-364 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-365 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-366 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-367 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-368 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-369 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-370 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-371 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-372 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-373 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-374 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-375 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-376 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-377 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-378 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-379 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-380 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-381 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-382 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-383 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-384 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-385 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-386 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-387 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-388 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-389 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-390 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-391 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-392 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-393 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-394 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-395 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-396 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-397 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-398 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-399 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-400 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-401 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-402 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-403 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-404 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-405 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-406 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-407 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-408 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-409 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-410 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-411 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-412 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-413 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-414 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-415 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-416 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-417 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-418 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-419 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-420 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-421 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-422 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-423 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-424 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-425 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-426 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-427 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-428 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-429 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-430 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-431 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-432 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-433 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-434 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-435 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-436 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-437 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-438 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-439 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-440 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-441 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-442 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-443 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-444 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-445 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-446 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-447 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-448 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-449 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-450 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-451 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-452 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-453 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-454 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-455 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-456 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-457 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-458 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-459 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-460 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-461 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-462 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-463 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-464 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-465 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-466 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-467 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-468 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-469 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-470 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-471 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-472 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-473 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-474 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-475 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-476 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-477 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-478 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-479 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-480 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-481 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-482 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-483 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-484 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-485 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-486 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-487 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-488 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-489 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-490 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-491 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-492 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-493 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-494 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-495 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-496 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-497 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-498 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-499 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-500 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-501 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-502 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-503 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-504 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-505 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-506 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-507 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-508 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-509 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-510 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-511 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-512 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-513 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-514 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-515 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-516 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-517 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-518 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-519 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-520 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-521 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-522 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-523 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-524 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-525 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-526 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-527 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-528 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-529 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-530 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-531 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-532 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-533 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-534 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-535 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-536 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-537 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-538 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-539 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-540 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-541 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-542 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-543 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-544 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-545 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-546 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-547 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-548 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-549 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-550 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-551 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-552 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-553 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-554 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-555 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-556 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-557 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-558 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-559 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-560 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-561 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-562 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-563 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-564 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-565 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-566 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-567 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-568 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-569 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-570 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-571 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-572 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-573 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-574 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-575 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-576 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-577 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-578 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-579 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-580 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-581 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-582 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-583 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-584 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-585 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-586 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-587 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-588 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-589 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-590 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-591 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-592 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-593 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-594 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-595 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-596 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-597 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-598 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-599 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-600 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-601 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-602 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-603 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-604 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-605 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-606 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-607 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-608 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-609 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-610 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-611 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-612 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-613 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-614 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-615 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-616 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-617 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-618 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-619 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-620 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-621 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-622 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-623 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-624 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-625 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-626 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-627 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-628 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-629 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-630 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-631 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-632 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-633 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-634 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-635 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-636 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-637 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-638 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-639 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-640 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-641 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-642 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-643 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-644 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-645 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-646 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-647 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-648 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-649 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-650 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-651 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-652 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-653 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-654 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-655 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-656 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-657 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-658 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-659 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-660 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-661 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-662 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-663 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-664 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-665 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-666 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-667 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-668 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-669 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-670 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-671 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-672 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-673 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-674 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-675 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-676 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-677 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-678 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-679 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-680 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-681 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-682 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-683 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-684 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-685 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-686 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-687 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-688 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-689 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-690 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-691 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-692 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-693 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-694 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-695 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-696 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-697 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-698 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-699 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-700 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-701 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-702 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-703 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-704 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-705 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-706 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-707 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-708 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-709 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-710 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-711 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-712 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-713 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-714 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-715 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-716 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-717 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-718 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-719 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-720 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-721 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-722 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-723 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-724 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-725 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-726 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-727 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-728 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-729 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-730 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-731 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-732 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-733 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-734 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-735 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-736 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-737 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-738 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-739 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-740 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-741 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-742 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-743 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-744 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-745 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-746 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-747 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-748 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-749 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-750 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-751 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-752 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-753 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-754 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-755 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-756 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-757 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-758 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-759 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-760 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-761 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-762 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-763 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-764 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-765 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-766 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-767 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-768 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-769 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-770 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-771 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-772 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-773 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-774 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-775 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-776 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-777 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-778 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-779 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-780 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-781 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-782 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered and methodologiapplied in developing the baseline emission inventories developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in SIP. The intent of this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic emissidocumentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources;  Home Heating Area Sources;  Other Area Sources;  On-Road Mobile Sources; and  Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5 season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a “bottom-up” approach t

III.D.5.6-783 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-784 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-785 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-786 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-787 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-788 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-789 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-790 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-791 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-792 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-793 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-794 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-795 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-796 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-797 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-798 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-799 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-800 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-801 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-802 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-803 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-804 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-805 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-806 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-807 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-808 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-809 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-810 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-811 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-812 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-813 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-814 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-815 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-816 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-817 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-818 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-819 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-820 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-821 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-822 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-823 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-824 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-825 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-826 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-827 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-828 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-829 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-830 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-831 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-832 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-833 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-834 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-835 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-836 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-837 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-838 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-839 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-840 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-841 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-842 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-843 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-844 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-845 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-846 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-847 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-848 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-849 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-850 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-851 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-852 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-853 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-854 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-855 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-856 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-857 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-858 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-859 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-860 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-861 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-862 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-863 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-864 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-865 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-866 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-867 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-868 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-869 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-870 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-871 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-872 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-873 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-874 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-875 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-876 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-877 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-878 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-879 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-880 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-881 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-882 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-883 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-884 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-885 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-886 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-887 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-888 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-889 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-890 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-891 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-892 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-893 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-894 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-895 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-896 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-897 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-898 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-899 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-900 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-901 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-902 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-903 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-904 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-905 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-906 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-907 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-908 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-909 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-910 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-911 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-912 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-913 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-914 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-915 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-916 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-917 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-918 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-919 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-920 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-921 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-922 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-923 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-924 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-925 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-926 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-927 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-928 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-929 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-930 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-931 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-932 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-933 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-934 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-935 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-936 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-937 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-938 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-939 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-940 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-941 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-942 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-943 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-944 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-945 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-946 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-947 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-948 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-949 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-950 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-951 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-952 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-953 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-954 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-955 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-956 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-957 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-958 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-959 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-960 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-961 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-962 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-963 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-964 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-965 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-966 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-967 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-968 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-969 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-970 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-971 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-972 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-973 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-974 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-975 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-976 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-977 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-978 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-979 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-980 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-981 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-982 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-983 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-984 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-985 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-986 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-987 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-988 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-989 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-990 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-991 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-992 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-993 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-994 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-995 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-996 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-997 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-998 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-999 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1000 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1001 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1002 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1003 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1004 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1005 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1006 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1007 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1008 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1009 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1010 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1011 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1012 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1013 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1014 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1015 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1016 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1017 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1018 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1019 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1020 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1021 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1022 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1023 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1024 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1025 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1026 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1027 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1028 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1029 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1030 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1031 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1032 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1033 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1034 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1035 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1036 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1037 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1038 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1039 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1040 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1041 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1042 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1043 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1044 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1045 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1046 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1047 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1048 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1049 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1050 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1051 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1052 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1053 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1054 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1055 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1056 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1057 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1058 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1059 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1060 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1061 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1062 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1063 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1064 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1065 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1066 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1067 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1068 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1069 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1070 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1071 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1072 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1073 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1074 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1075 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1076 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1077 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1078 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1079 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1080 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1081 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1082 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1083 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1084 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1085 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1086 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1087 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1088 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1089 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1090 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1091 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1092 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1093 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1094 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1095 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1096 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1097 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1098 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1099 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1100 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1101 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1102 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1103 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1104 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1105 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1106 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1107 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1108 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1109 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1110 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1111 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1112 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1113 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1114 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1115 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1116 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1117 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1118 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1119 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1120 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1121 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1122 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1123 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1124 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1125 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1126 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1127 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1128 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1129 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1130 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1131 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1132 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1133 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1134 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1135 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1136 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1137 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1138 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1139 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1140 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1141 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1142 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1143 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1144 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1145 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1146 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1147 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1148 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1149 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1150 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1151 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1152 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1153 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1154 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1155 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1156 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1157 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1158 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1159 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1160 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1161 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1162 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1163 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1164 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1165 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1166 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1167 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1168 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1169 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1170 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1171 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1172 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1173 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1174 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1175 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1176 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1177 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1178 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1179 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1180 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1181 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1182 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1183 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1184 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1185 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1186 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1187 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1188 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1189 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1190 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1191 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1192 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1193 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1194 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1195 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1196 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1197 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1198 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1199 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1200 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1201 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1202 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1203 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1204 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1205 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1206 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1207 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1208 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1209 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1210 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY INTRODUCTION

This technical appendix provides detailed documentation of the data sources, issues considered 

and methodologies and workflow applied in developing the baseline emission inventories 

developed to support the episodic attainment modeling in the Fairbanks PM2.5 SIP. The intent of 

this documentation is to explicitly describe the approaches used in calculating episodic 

emissions. Thus, the documentation is organized by source sector as follows: 

 Episodic Point Sources; 

 Home Heating Area Sources; 

 Other Area Sources; 

 On-Road Mobile Sources; and 

 Non-Road Mobile Sources. 

(Biogenic emissions do not occur in Fairbanks during the snow and ice-bound winter PM2.5

season.) 

For all inventory sectors, episodic modeling emissions were generally calculated using a 

“bottom-up” approach that relied heavily on an exhaustive set of locally measured data used to 

support the emission estimates. 

III.D.5.6-1211 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1212 

HOME HEATING – RESIDENTIAL SURVEYS

One of the key sources of data use to drive the residential heating energy model was information 

developed from a series of residential “Home Heating” (HH) telephone surveys regularly 

conducted by ADEC. These surveys have been conducted in 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 

2013 and have been used by ADEC and Borough to determine the mix of residential home 

heating devices and practices within the Fairbanks PM2.5 Non-Attainment Area. 

In addition to these broader HH surveys, the agencies also funded and coordinated two special 

surveys in 2013 specifically targeting wood-burning households, one in which more details were 

obtained on rated emission levels for certified devices, the other which further examined wood 

purchase and usage practices. 

This section of the Emission Inventory Technical Appendix describes each of these two sets of 

survey instruments and summarizes the key data extracted from these surveys and processing 

performed for use in calculation space heating emissions within the SIP inventories. 

HOME	HEATING	SURVEYS

Purpose – The primary purpose of these HH surveys was to collect up-to-date information on 

residential heating practices in Fairbanks during the winter season when extremely cold ambient 

temperatures cause a significant seasonal increase in fuel combustion for residential heating. 

Since the first surveys were conducted during the 2006 and 2007 winter seasons, ADEC has 

continued to fund similar annual surveys beginning again in early 2010. The rationale behind 

these continued surveys is to ascertain whether trends in the devices/fuels used to heat homes 

have changed over time. ADEC and the Borough also use the surveys to gauge public awareness 

about local air quality and control programs. 

Basic Approach - The HH surveys were conducted by a specialized research survey firm, Hays 

Research Group (Hays), based in Alaska. Hays was directed to randomly sample residential 

households within the Fairbanks PM2.5 non-attainment area, perform the telephone surveys and 

deliver the detailed, electronically recorded survey data results to ADEC. The telephone surveys 

were generally toward the end of each winter (e.g., the 2010 survey was conducted during 

February 2010) to get responses about heating patterns/practices while fresh in the minds of the 

respondents. 

Targeted sample sizes for the first three HH surveys (2006, 2007 and 2010) were set at 300 

households for each survey. For the 2011, 2012 and 2013 surveys, the targeted sample size was 

more than doubled, to 700 households. Within each survey, ZIP code-specific sampling targets 

were established based on household data from the 2010 U.S. Census and used to select stratified 

samples of residential households by ZIP code. (For the 2010 and earlier HH surveys, stratified 

ZIP code sampling was based on 2000 Census data, then later re-weighted to be consistent with 

the 2010 Census weightings. Composite metrics tabulated across ZIP codes from all surveys 

could then be compared in an unbiased manner.) 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1213 

In addition, the 2011 and later surveys utilized a different Fairbanks telephone database that 

included mobile phones. Given the growing use of cell phones, in some households as a 

replacement for land-line phones, concern emerged that the approach used to sample households 

using a land-line only phone number database may have unintentionally biased the resulting 

samples. As a result, the household selection process for the 2011 and later surveys was revised 

to include cell-sampled respondents. The cell phone respondents were contacted using known 

Fairbanks cell prefixes, and then verified to be within the boundaries of the survey. Sample sizes 

for the cell phone respondent subsets within each survey were “self-selecting.” Hays simply 

used a combined list of phone numbers (land and cell) and randomly dialed from the list. Cell 

vs. land line phone status was later confirmed by the Hays interviewer during the survey of each 

respondent. The cell phone respondent fractions ranged from 5% to 12% across the three (2011 

and later) HH surveys. No ZIP code or address location data were collected for these cell-based 

respondents, except within the 2012 survey11. For the other surveys, cell respondents were 

proportionally distributed across the non-attainment area ZIP codes based on the 2010 Census 

weightings. 

Survey Content – The surveys focused on identifying the types and usage practices of different 

home heating devices used in residences within the nonattainment area during winter months. It 

was organized into a hierarchical series of roughly 70 separate questions that respondents were 

asked to answer based on the types of heating devices available and used within their homes. 

Key questions included the following: 

 identifying the types of heating devices present in the household (including the specific 

type of wood-burning device if used); 

 providing rough usage percentages for each device on both a winter season and annual 

basis; and 

 estimating the amount of fuel used in each device (e.g., cords of wood or gallons of 

heating oil) both during winter and on an annual basis. 

The survey questions were organized in a “branching” structure. An initial set of focused 

questions were asked to identify the types of heating devices present and used in the home. Then 

for each device applicable to the household, separate branches of further questions were asked 

about each device. The residential heating device types tracked under the surveys (for which 

separate question branching was conducted) are listed in Table 5.6-9. The surveyor navigates the 

homeowner through specific branches of the survey related to those devices that exist in the 

household. In addition to those devices explicitly listed in Table 5.6-9, the survey allows other 

types of heating devices to be identified and recorded into a generic “Other” group for which 

“verbatim” descriptions of the device provided by the homeowner were recorded into a separate 

file. Generally, the most common type of heating device in the Other category is portable 

electric heaters, which produce upstream or indirect emissions. 

 

11 For the 2012 HH survey only, address data were obtained by Hays, but not released. Hays used the addresses to 

locate the surveyed households within ZIP codes in material provided to ADEC. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1214 

Table 5.6-9 

Fairbanks Home Heating Survey Device Types 

Fuel Group Device Type 

Wood-Burning 

Fireplaces 

Woodstoves/Inserts 

Outdoor Wood Boilers 

Oil-Burning 

Central Oil Boilers/Furnaces 

Portable Fuel Oil/Kerosene Heaters 

Direct Vent Heaters 

Gas Natural Gas Heaters 

Coal Coal Heaters 

Steam Municipal (District) Heata

s

 Municipal or District heat refers to steam heat circulated in underground pipes generated from the Aurora Energy 

coal plant. 

After the branching portions of the each survey are completed for the specific devices present in 

the home, a general section of questions are included at the end that were asked of all 

respondents. These questions typically focused on planned changes in heating devices/practices 

and also included elements related to Borough education and control programs. Summarized 

separately below are the key types of questions contained in each survey branch or section: 

 Initial Section - types of devices present in the house and the homeowner’s rough 

estimate of the percentages each device was used during winter (and annually in some 

surveys), later surveys also asked for dwelling size (heated space); 

 Fireplace Section – winter season and annual wood use estimates; whether wood used is 

cut by the homeowner or purchased commercially, seasoning period before burning, 

estimated wood moisture content and annual wood expenditure; 

 Stove/Insert Section – estimated age and installation date of device, winter season and 

annual wood use estimates, cordwood or pellet device, whether wood used is cut or 

bought, seasoning period before burning, estimated wood moisture content and annual 

wood expenditure; 

 Outdoor Wood Boiler Section - winter season and annual wood use estimates, use of 

cordwood or pellets, whether wood used is cut or bought, seasoning period before 

burning, estimated wood moisture content and annual wood expenditure;

 Central Oil Section – size of fuel tank, gallons of heating oil used during winter and 

annually, yearly cost of fuel oil; 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1215 

 Portable Fuel Oil/Kerosene Heater Section - similar to Central Oil section, plus 

questions asking whether the device burns fuel oil or kerosene; 

 Direct Vent Heater Section – similar to Central Oil section; 

 Gas Section – estimated winter season and annual expenditures for natural gas; 

 Coal Section – estimated winter season and annual coal use and expenditure, whether 

used in indoor stove or outdoor boiler; 

 Municipal Heat Section - estimated winter season and annual expenditures for municipal 

(i.e. District) heat; and 

 General/Future Use Section – this final section included questions about future home 

heating practices, such as estimating the heating oil price that would trigger each 

respondent to stop burning wood, as well as questions designed to gauge public 

awareness about air quality in Fairbanks and wood-burning in particular. 

Attachment A contains the interviewer survey script for the 2011 Home Heating survey which 

lists each of the questions and shows their order and the section branching summarized above. 

Survey Data Assembly and Quality Assurance Review – Once the telephone surveys were 

completed by Hays Research (the survey firm used to conduct the surveys and assemble the 

response data) the survey data were then provided to ADEC in a series of electronic files12 for 

processing and quality assurance review as described below. 

Assembly & Processing – For each survey, the as-received data were imported into a single 

spreadsheet, the primary response data were loaded into on sheet, the verbatim responses in a 

secondary sheet, with those responses organized into tables specific to each question of that form 

(verbatim rather than categorical/numeric responses). Each record in the primary data 

corresponded to completed and coded responses to all questions for a household. Each column 

contains the responses to a specific question. Respondent IDs survey dates and residence ZIP 

codes were also listed for each record. (Respondent IDs were also recorded for the verbatim 

responses so they could be properly linked to the primary data. Other basic processing steps 

included converting number values to numeric types and reassigning ‘999’ missing data codes 

used by Hays to blank values within the spreadsheets so they would be properly treated during 

subsequent statistical tabulations performed in the spreadsheets. 

Quality Assurance Review – Before response data were analyzed and tabulated into metrics used 

within the SIP inventories, a detailed set of data consistency and range checks were performed 

on the as-received data as provided by Hays. Examples of data consistency checks included 

 

12 The primary file contains categorical/numeric responses to most of the survey questions. Separate files were used 

to collect and provide “verbatim” responses to specific questions which did not involve categorical responses. For 

example, respondents were asked to briefly describe the types of devices that landed into the generic “Other” device 

category discussed earlier. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1216 

comparing devices used in the household recorded in the initial section of the survey with 

completed, valid responses in the appropriate device-specific “branch” sections, or checking that 

annual fuel use was always greater than or equal to winter season (Oct-Mar) fuel use. 

Range checks were also applied to responses for questions that involved numerical, rather than 

categorical responses. Plausible or theoretical limits were used to flag “outlier” values for 

specific questions (e.g., wood stove fuel use). Where possible, flagged values were compared to 

other related responses for corroboration. For example, fuel use entries (e.g., cords of wood or 

gallons of oil burned) were compared to responses in the initial section where the homeowner 

provided roughly percentage distributions of device usage for each equipped device. If there was 

a large inconsistency between the two elements, the usage data were invalidated. As an example, 

if a respondent said they burned 10 cords of wood in the winter (very large amount) but listed 

their wood device providing only 20% of total winter usage, then the wood use entry was marked 

as invalid. 

Most of the response data (generally 80% or higher) passed these consistency and range checks. 

For those that didn’t, inconsistencies were reported to Hays. In some cases, transcription or 

survey logic errors were discovered. Transcription errors were then corrected. Survey logic 

errors (where the surveyor forgot to as device specific questions for devices present in a 

household) were addressed by performing callbacks to specific respondents (or calling additional 

households when the initial respondents were not available) in order to develop valid samples 

that met sample size targets of the survey (300 households in 2010 and earlier surveys, 700 

households in 2011 and later surveys). 

Tabulation of Key Results – A series of basic cross-tabulations were prepared to examine results 

of the responses to each question in the surveys. Key results from these tabulations are presented 

separately below for the 2011 Home Heating Survey. (As discussed later, results from the 2011 

survey were primarily used in the SIP inventory calculations.) 

Households Sample Sizes and Multi-Device Usage - The first step in the analysis consisted of 

translating the cross-tabulated record counts into fractional or percentage distributions by device 

or fuel type so the survey results could be applied to update the emissions inventory. As 

described earlier, the initial section of the survey asked respondents to identify all of the specific 

type(s) of heating devices used in the household. Thus the survey accounted for use of multiple 

heating devices within each household. These instances of multiple device use within a 

household had to be properly accounted for in tabulating the results to ensure that surveyed 

usage is correctly extrapolated to the entire population of Fairbanks households. 

Table 5.6-10 shows the sample sizes by ZIP code (including Cellphone households that could not 

be located by ZIP) in the first two rows. The number and percentage of sampled households are 

shown. In the highlighted row below, weighting factors developed from the percentage of 

households within each ZIP code based on the 2010 U.S. Census are shown. Comparing these 

weighting factors to the sample percentages just above, the sample percentages are in nominal, 

but not perfect agreement with the Census-based weightings. As described later, these 

weightings were used to adjust the sampled response data by ZIP (and unknown ZIP for the 

cellphone households) to generate Census-weighted composites in addition to sample selfweighted averages. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1217 

Table 5.6-10 

2011 HH Survey Sample Size and Multiple Use Types 

Parameter 

Cell 

No ZIP 

Dntown

99701 

Wnwrta

99703 

Nth Pole

99705 

Airport

99709 

Steese 

99712 

Univ 

99775 All 

Sample Size, Households 86 181 27 139 214 59 6 712 

Sample Size, % of Sample 12.1% 25.4% 3.8% 19.5% 30.1% 8.3% 0.8% 100.0%

2010 Census Household Weightings - 24.6% 4.7% 23.9% 34.3% 12.0% 0.5% 100.0%

Multi-Type Household Factor 1.56 1.31 1.52 1.58 1.61 1.76 1.33 1.53 

Multi-Type Household Use % 45.3% 52.5% 37.0% 48.2% 40.7% 50.8% 50.0% 46.5% 

a

 Also includes Birch Hill area 

Next, Table 5.6-10 lists the multiple device usage factors that were calculated from the validated 

survey data. This “Multi Type Household Factor” represents the ratio of the total number of 

devices used divided by the number of households. (For example, a factor of 2.0 would indicate 

an average of two devices in each household.) As seen in Table 5.6-10, there is a fairly 

consistent multi-type factor across all ZIP codes, with an average for the entire sample of 1.53. 

Finally, Table 5.6-10 shows the percentages of households with more than one heating device. 

As shown, over 46% of all surveyed households use multiple heating devices. 

Device Counts and Usage Distributions – Table 5.6-11 summarizes the counts (number of 

households) of heating devices by device type and ZIP code from the survey sample. As seen in 

Table 5.6-11, central oil furnaces (564 total households) and wood-burning devices (240 total 

households) were the most commonly found home heating devices in the 712 household survey 

sample. The totals of all devices reported at the bottom of Table 5.6-11 reflect the fact that many 

households use more than one type of home heating device. These totaled counts, when divided 

by the number of households surveyed listed earlier in Table 5.6-10, match the Multi-Type 

Household Factors also reported in Table 5.6-10 (for example, within the Downtown area, 238 ÷

181 = 1.31). 

Table 5.6-12 presents the distributions of device usage percentages by ZIP code during the 

winter months (October-March). These usage percentages were determined from the survey 

responses to Q9a-Q9h where the respondents were asked to roughly estimate the percentage of 

time each household device is used during winter. The usage percentages in Table 5.6-12 are not 

based on either the counts of household devices or the amounts of fuel used queried in later 

sections of the survey. The usage percentages have been properly normalized to account for 

multiple device use within a household as described in the preceding sub-section. As shown in 

Table 5.6-12, central oil furnaces are used between 46% and 77% of the time across all ZIP code 

areas, with an average across the entire sample of 68.0%. Wood-burning devices represent 

14.8% of total wintertime device usage across the entire sample, with higher percentages in the 

outlying areas (North Pole, Airport and Steese) than in those nearer the city center (Downtown, 

Wainwright and University). As seen in Table 5.6-12, households in the Wainwright/Birch Hill 

area have a much greater usage of District heating because of access to this underground 

infrastructure. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1218 

Table 5.6-11 

2011 HH Survey Counts of Heating Device Types 

(Number of Surveyed Households with Device) 

Heating Device 

Type 

Cell 

No ZIP 

Dntown

99701 

Wnwrta

99703 

Nth Pole

99705 

Airport

99709 

Steese 

99712 

Univ 

99775 All 

Wood Burning 24 30 7 59 92 27 1 240

Central Oil Furnace 55 149 15 120 173 47 5 564

Portable Heat Device 8 6 2 6 10 3 1 36

Direct Vent Type 27 21 5 21 42 13 0 129

Natural Gas 6 8 6 3 3 1 1 28

Coal Heating 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 10

District Heating 2 9 4 1 4 1 0 21

Other 10 13 2 8 18 10 0 61

TOTALS 134 238 41 220 344 104 8 1089

a

 Also includes Birch Hill area 

The rightmost column of Table 5.6-12 highlights composite average device usage percentages 

using the 2010 Census household ZIP code weightings listed earlier in Table 5.6-10. These 

weighted averages were calculated using the Census-based household fractions (rather than the 

survey sample fractions) by ZIP code. Cell households with no known ZIP code were weighted 

into the Census composite based on their proportion with the sample (i.e., they were assumed to 

be proportionally distributed into each ZIP code based on the Census weightings). 

Table 5.6-12 

2011 HH Survey Distributions of Respondent-Estimated Winter Heating Usage Percentages 

by Device Type 

Heating Device 

Type 

Cell 

No ZIP 

Dntown 

99701 

Wnwrta

99703 

Nth Pole

99705 

Airport

99709 

Steese 

99712 

Univ 

99775 All 

Census

Wtd. 

Wood Burning 13.4% 6.2% 13.0% 22.0% 15.6% 24.1% 13.3% 14.8% 15.4%

Central Oil Furnace 54.2% 77.0% 45.7% 69.6% 69.9% 60.4% 65.8% 68.0% 67.5%

Portable Heat Device 1.3% 1.7% 0.3% 0.8% 0.3% 0.1% 4.2% 0.9% 0.8%

Direct Vent Type 23.0% 5.2% 6.9% 5.0% 10.1% 10.6% 0.0% 9.2% 9.4%

Natural Gas 4.7% 3.9% 21.5% 0.9% 1.4% 1.7% 16.7% 3.3% 3.2%

Coal Heating 0.0% 1.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.9% 0.3% 0.0% 0.6% 0.6%

District Heating 2.3% 3.9% 12.6% 0.0% 0.5% 0.1% 0.0% 1.9% 1.8%

Other 1.1% 1.0% 0.1% 1.5% 1.4% 2.7% 0.0% 1.3% 1.4%

a

 Also includes Birch Hill area 

Wood-Burning Device Breakdowns – Despite the fact that the survey indicates wood-burning 

devices are used less than 20% of the time, they are a significant contributor to wintertime 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1219 

ambient PM2.5 levels. Table 5.6-13 lists the breakdowns in the types of wood-burning devices 

used within each surveyed ZIP code area. As shown, woodstoves represent an overwhelming 

majority of wood-burning devices in Fairbanks. Over 87% of the wood burning devices 

according to the Census-weighted survey sample are woodstoves. This is not surprising given 

their heating efficiency and the ability to locate the stove within the interior of a residence. 

Table 5.6-13 

2011 HH Survey Distribution of Wood-Burning Devices (Percent of Households Sampled) 

Wood-Burning 

Device Type 

Cell 

No ZIP 

Dntown 

99701 

Wnwrta

99703 

Nth Pole

99705 

Airport

99709 

Steese 

99712 

Univ 

99775 All 

Census

Wtd. 

Fireplace 4.3% 11.5% 16.7% 3.6% 5.6% 0.0% 0.0% 5.3% 5.3%

Fireplace with Insert 0.0% 19.2% 0.0% 7.3% 3.4% 3.7% 0.0% 5.7% 4.4%

Woodstove 82.6% 65.4% 83.3% 83.6% 89.9% 92.6% 100.0% 85.0% 87.1%

Outdoor Wood Boiler 13.0% 3.8% 0.0% 5.5% 1.1% 3.7% 0.0% 4.0% 3.3%

a

 Also includes Birch Hill area 

As also shown in Table 5.6-13, fireplaces represent most of the remaining wood-burning usage. 

Those with inserts constitute 4.4% of the overall sample. Fireplaces without inserts, which are 

extremely energy inefficient for space heating purposes, represent 5.3% of household wood 

devices. Outdoor boilers were only found in some areas and represent 3.3% of the weighted 

survey sample. 

Table 5.6-14 provides a further breakdown of the splits between un-certified and certified 

fireplace inserts or woodstoves. It shows that un-certified stoves/inserts represent about onequarter (25.2%) of the overall sample, although the split varies significantly by ZIP code, 

possibly the result of small sample sizes for some of the ZIP codes. 

Table 5.6-14 

2011 HH Survey Splits Between Un-Certified and Certified Fireplace Inserts/Woodstoves 

(Percent of Households Equipped) 

Insert/Woodstove 

Certification Type 

Cell 

No ZIP 

Dntown 

99701 

Wnwrta

99703 

Nth Pole

99705 

Airport

99709 

Steese

99712 

Univ 

99775 All 

Census

Wtd. 

Un-Certified (<1988) 21.1% 23.8% 0.0% 23.9% 26.6% 12.0% 0.0% 22.4% 25.2%

Certified (≥1988) 78.9% 76.2% 100.0% 76.1% 73.4% 88.0% 100.0% 77.6% 74.8%

a

 Also includes Birch Hill area 

These splits were compiled based on the responses to Q10a of the survey: “Was your woodstove 

or insert installed before or after 1988?” Beginning in 1988, EPA set mandatory New Source 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1220 

Performance Standards (NSPS) 13 for new woodstoves and inserts. Smoke emission levels of 

1988 and newer stoves meeting these EPA limits are generally 50-80% lower than from older 

un-certified units, so the split between un-certified and certified stoves has a significant effect on 

particulate emissions. 

This survey question based on the device installation date may not truly represent the split 

between EPA-certified and uncertified devices. Even though EPA established these NSPS, 

regulatory implementation still enabled device manufacturers to sell “woodstove-like” devices 

that were not subject to the NSPS. As described in the following sub-section, a specialized 

survey was conducted in 2013 to identify and quantify the fractions of these additional stove-like 

devices in use in Fairbanks that avoided NSPS certification. 

Fuel Usage Rates and Costs - Table 5.6-15 summarizes average fuel usage rates (i.e., the amount 

of fuel used per season or year) and heating costs by device type for households equipped with or 

using each device/fuel. These are not averages across all households. 

Table 5.6-15 

2011 HH Survey Wood Burning, Heating Oil and Other Fuel Usage Rates and Heating Costs 

per Equipped Household 

Device Type 

Usage 

Period 

Cell 

No ZIP 

Dntown

99701 

Wnwrta

99703 

Nth Pole

99705 

Airport

99709 

Steese

99712 

Univ 

99775 All 

Census

Wtd. 

Stove/Insert Wood 

Use (cords) 

Annual 3.73 2.80 4.60 4.13 3.13 4.48 2.23 3.57 3.54

Winter 3.56 2.50 4.00 3.59 2.82 3.95 2.00 3.19 3.17

Fireplace Wood 

Use (cords) 

Annual 1.00 4.00 n/a n/a 1.33 n/a n/a 1.80 2.27

Winter 1.00 4.00 n/a n/a 1.00 n/a n/a 1.60 2.10

Outdoor Wood 

Boiler Use (cords) 

Annual 18.00 n/a n/a 19.67 30.00 2.00 n/a 18.14 21.25

Winter 11.33 7.00 n/a 19.67 30.00 2.00 n/a 14.67 16.29

Central Oil Use 

(gal) 

Annual 1,225 1,444 1,156 1,207 1,125 1,497 800 1,261 1,263

Winter 803 1,097 940 936 954 1,061 650 977 972

Portable Heater 

Fuel Use (gal) 

Annual 267 508 40 607 60 118 n/a 253 303

Winter 237 358 40 574 53 118 n/a 216 258

Direct Vent Heater 

Fuel Use (gal) 

Annual 460 421 75 543 337 779 n/a 436 450

Winter 400 392 70 488 278 719 n/a 383 400

Natural Gas Fuel 

Cost (dollars) 

Annual $2,275 $3,900 $1,725 $1,267 $2,300 $400 n/a $2,481 $2,202

Winter $1,606 $2,783 $1,225 $733 $1,650 $400 n/a $1,692 $1,548

District Heat Fuel 

Cost (dollars) 

Annual $144 $1,700 $229 n/a $4,833 $200 n/a $1,727 $2,474

Winter $105 $540 $167 n/a $4,667 $200 n/a $1,258 $2,067

a

 Also includes Birch Hill area 

n/a – Not applicable (i.e., indicates where a device was not found in the sample for a specific ZIP code) 

As shown in Table 5.6-15, households using either fireplaces with inserts or woodstoves burn an 

average of 3.54 cords annually and 3.17 cords of wood during winter months (October through 

 

13 EPA certified woodstove smoke emission limits are 7.5 grams/hour and 4.1 grams/hour for non-catalytic and 

catalytic devices, respectively (http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/woodstoves.html)
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1221 

March) across the weighted survey sample. (These averages were compiled from a sample size 

of 206 households using fireplaces with inserts or woodstoves.) As also shown in Table 5.6-15, 

households equipped with fireplaces (without inserts) burned less, using 2.27 and 2.10 cords 

annually and in winter, respectively. This is not surprising given the significantly lower net 

heating efficiency of standard fireplaces compared to those with inserts or woodstoves. In 

contrast wood usage for outdoor wood boilers (OWBs) was much higher, averaging over 16 

cords during winter. Although the sample size of OWB households in this survey was small (9 

respondents), higher wood usage for these devices is consistent with the fact that they are 

generally used as a primary, rather than supplemental heating source. 

As reported in Table 5.6-15, households using central oil furnaces consume an average of 1,263 

gallons of heating oil annually and 972 gallons during winter months alone. (These averages are 

based on a total of 564 central oil furnaces identified in the survey.) 

Table 5.6-15 also lists similarly tabulated average fuel amounts or costs for portable/kerosene 

heaters, direct vent heaters, natural gas-based heating, and municipal heating. The sample sizes 

these device-specific averages were tabulated from were generally much smaller than for woodburning and central heating devices. As such, they should be interpreted with caution. 

Extrapolation of Survey Sample to Nonattainment Area – An important element of the analysis 

consisted of extrapolating heating device counts and usage rates from the sample of 712 

surveyed households to the entire household population within the Fairbanks PM2.5

nonattainment area. The extrapolation was based on the 2010 U.S. Census-based occupied 

household counts by ZIP code within the nonattainment area. These Census-based household 

counts within the nonattainment area are listed in the first row of Table 5.6-16. Based on the 

share of Cell households in the survey sample, these Census counts were proportionally redistributed to reflect this Cell share as shown in the second row of Table 5.6-16. 

Extrapolation factors or multipliers were then calculated from the number of households in an 

area (either an individual ZIP code or the entire area) from the Cell-Distributed counts divided 

by the surveyed households for the same area. For example, the Downtown ZIP code (99701) 

area contains 6,517 households as listed in Table 5.6-16. Since a total of 181 households within 

that ZIP code were surveyed as reported earlier in Table 5.6-10, the calculated extrapolation 

factor is 36.00 (6,517 ÷ 181). 

Table 5.6-16 presents these extrapolated estimates of the number of heating devices by ZIP code 

area and across the entire Fairbanks PM2.5 nonattainment area. The first row in the table lists the 

extrapolation factors calculated for each area to expand the survey sample to the entire 

population of households for each area. The remaining rows of the table present estimated 

counts of the number of devices by device type and ZIP code. The “short code” designations in 

the Device Type column of Table 5.6-16 identify each unique device type and clarify the subcategories and sub-totals reported within the wood-burning sector. As explained below Table 

5.6-16, Electric Heat device counts were also broken out from the Other category. 

Table 5.6-16 

2011 HH Survey Extrapolated Survey Heating Device Counts to PM2.5 Nonattainment Area 

Device Type PM2.5 NA Area 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1222 

Cell 

No ZIP 

Dntown

99701 

Wnwrta

99703 

Nth Pole

99705 

Airport

99709 

Steese

99712 

Univ 

99775 ZIP Sum Extrap 

Census-Based Households n/a 7,412 1,490 7,560 11,430 4,199 2 32,093 32,093

Cell-Distributed Households 3,876 6,517 1,310 6,647 10,049 3,692 2 32,093 32,093

Extrapolation Factor 45.07 36.00 48.52 47.82 46.96 62.57 0.29 n/a 45.07

1 - Wood-Burning Device 1,082 1,080 340 2,821 4,320 1,689 0 11,333 10,818

1a - Fireplace without insert 47 125 57 103 243 0 0 574 572

1b - Fireplace with insert 0 208 0 205 146 63 0 621 620

1c - Woodstove 894 706 283 2,360 3,883 1,564 0 9,691 9,198

Stoves & Inserts (1b+1c) 894 914 283 2,565 4,029 1,627 0 10,312 9,817

Stove/Ins, Uncertified 188 218 0 613 1,071 195 0 2,285 2,183

Stove/Ins, Certified 706 696 283 1,952 2,958 1,432 0 8,026 7,634

Stove/Ins, Cord Wood 800 914 226 2,360 3,980 1,562 0 9,842 9,427

Stove/Ins, Pellets 94 0 57 205 49 65 0 470 390

1d - Outdoor Wood Boiler 141 42 0 154 49 63 0 448 429

2 - Central Oil Furnace 2,479 5,365 728 5,738 8,124 2,941 1 25,376 25,422

3 - Portable Heater 361 216 97 287 470 188 0 1,618 1,623

4 - Direct Vent Heater 1,217 756 243 1,004 1,972 813 0 6,006 5,815

5 - Natural Gas Heating 270 288 291 143 141 63 0 1,197 1,262

6 - Coal Heat 90 72 0 96 94 125 0 477 451

7 - District Heat 90 324 194 48 188 63 0 906 947

8 – Electric Heatb 180 180 49 0 282 188 0 878 856

9 - Other 270 288 49 383 564 438 0 1,991 1,893

All Heating Devices 894 914 283 2,565 4,029 1,627 0 49,783 49,086

a

 Also includes Birch Hill area 

b

 Electric Heat households and extrapolated device counts developed from processing verbatim responses with 

“Other” generic device group in survey responses. The “Other” counts shown below this row reflect all non-electric 

heat devices listed as Other in the survey. 

The extrapolation of device counts from the survey sample to total households across the entire 

nonattainment area was performed two different ways: (1) by individual ZIP code and then 

summed; and (2) for the entire self-weighted sample. Table 5.6-16, these total device counts for 

the nonattainment area are reported in the two rightmost columns labeled “ZIP Sum” and 

“Extrap,” respectively. As seen in comparing these columns, the counts differ slightly. This is 

likely due to propagation of round-off error from small sample sizes within each ZIP code when 

summed across all ZIP code areas reflected in the survey sample. 

On this basis, a total of 11,333 wood-burning devices were estimated to be in use within the 

nonattainment area. Of these, 9,691 are free-standing woodstoves and 621 are fireplaces with 

inserts. From the combined total of 10,312 stoves/inserts, 2,285 were estimated to be uncertified (pre-1988). Fireplaces without inserts and outdoor wood boilers represent the 

remaining wood-burning devices; their counts within the nonattainment area are 574 and 448, 

respectively, as shown in Table 5.6-16. As addressed below, the precision of device count 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1223 

estimates are not necessarily accurate to the whole integer values listed in Table 5.6-16. The 

whole integer values are simply shown in this table to illustrate how they were calculated from 

the sample-to-nonattainment area extrapolation factors. 

Statistical Uncertainty Analysis – In extrapolating devices counted in the 2011 HH survey 

sample to the entire nonattainment area, an additional issue that was addressed was the resulting 

statistical uncertainty. As shown in the preceding tables, very small numbers of households with 

certain devices were found. Thus, an analysis of the uncertainties associated with proportional 

extrapolation of the household sample to the entire nonattainment area was performed. 

The results of this uncertainty analysis are presented in the next three tables. The estimates in 

these tables quantify the statistical uncertainty associated with extrapolating the device usage 

distributions in the surveyed sample represented earlier in Table 5.6-12 through Table 5.6-14 to 

all the households in the nonattainment area. In each of these tables, the standard error of 

proportion was used as the measure of statistical uncertainty. It represents the accuracy of each 

proportional (i.e., usage fraction) estimate in the sample, measured as the standard deviation of 

that proportion. 

First, Table 5.6-17 presents standard errors of proportion associated with the respondentestimated usage fractions of each major device type reported earlier in Table 5.6-12. The first 

value in each cell is the usage fraction from Table 5.6-12; the second value represents one 

standard deviation of this usage fraction. For example, the fraction of wood-burning devices 

used in winter for the entire sample was 17.2% (as listed earlier in Table 5.6-12). Assuming 

device usage is normally distributed, the value of ±1.4% listed in the upper right cell in Table 

5.6-17 means that the actual wood-burning usage fraction lies between 14.0% (15.4 - 1.4) and 

16.8% (15.4 + 1.4) with 68% probability.14 

As expected, the usage fraction estimates within individual ZIP code areas have wider ranges of 

standard error than the overall estimate across all areas because the standard error estimates are 

related to sample size. As seen in the rightmost column in Table 5.6-17, the standard errors for 

heating device usage fraction are less than ±2% across the entire nonattainment area. 

Similarly, Table 5.6-18 and Table 5.6-19 present Standard Error of Proportion estimates for 

proportional device usage within the wood-burning sector and between un-certified and certified 

woodstoves/inserts, respectively. 

 

 

14 68% probability represents the probability of a normally-distributed sample within one standard deviation of its 

mean. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1224 

Table 5.6-17 

2011 HH Survey Standard Error of Proportion for 

Respondent-Estimated Winter Heating Usage Percentages by Device Type 

Heating Device 

Type 

Cell 

No ZIP 

Dntown 

99701 

Wnwrta

99703 

Nth Pole

99705 

Airport

99709 

Steese

99712 

Univ 

99775 All 

Census

Wtd 

Wood Burning 13.4% 

±3.7% 

6.2% 

±1.8% 

13.0% 

±6.5%

22.0% 

±3.5%

15.6% 

±2.5%

24.1% 

±5.6%

13.3% 

±13.9% 

14.8% 

±1.3%

15.4% 

±1.4%

Central Oil Furnace 54.2% 

±5.4% 

77.0% 

±3.1% 

45.7% 

±9.6%

69.6% 

±3.9%

69.9% 

±3.1%

60.4% 

±6.4%

65.8% 

±19.4% 

68.0% 

±1.7%

67.5% 

±1.8%

Portable Heat Device 1.3% 

±1.2% 

1.7% 

±1.0% 

0.3% 

±1.0%

0.8% 

±0.7%

0.3% 

±0.3%

0.1% 

±0.3%

4.2% 

±8.2% 

0.9% 

±0.3%

0.8% 

±0.3%

Direct Vent Type 23.0% 

±4.5% 

5.2% 

±1.7% 

6.9% 

±4.9%

5.0% 

±1.8%

10.1% 

±2.1%

10.6% 

±4.0% n/a 9.2% 

±1.1%

9.4% 

±1.1%

Natural Gas 4.7% 

±2.3% 

3.9% 

±1.4% 

21.5% 

±7.9%

0.9% 

±0.8%

1.4% 

±0.8%

1.7% 

±1.7%

16.7% 

±15.2% 

3.3% 

±0.7%

3.2% 

±0.7%

Coal Heating n/a 1.1% 

±0.8% n/a 0.2% ±0.4%

0.9% 

±0.6%

0.3% 

±0.7% n/a 0.6% 

±0.3%

0.6% 

±0.3%

District Heating 2.3% 

±1.6% 

3.9% 

±1.4% 

12.6% 

±6.4%

0.0% 

±0.1%

0.5% 

±0.5%

0.1% 

±0.4% n/a 1.9% 

±0.5%

1.8% 

±0.5%

Electic Heating 1.1% 

±1.1% 

1.0% 

±0.7% 

0.1% 

±0.5%

1.5% 

±1.0%

1.4% 

±0.8%

2.7% 

±2.1% n/a 1.3% 

±0.4%

1.4% 

±0.4%

Other 13.4% 

±3.7% 

6.2% 

±1.8% 

13.0% 

±6.5%

22.0% 

±3.5%

15.6% 

±2.5%

24.1% 

±5.6%

13.3% 

±13.9% 

14.8% 

±1.3%

15.4% 

±1.4%

a

 Also includes Birch Hill area 

n/a – Not available 

Table 5.6-18 

2011 HH Survey Standard Error of Proportion for 

Distribution of Wood-Burning Devices (Percent of Households Sampled) 

Wood-Burning 

Device Type 

Cell 

No ZIP 

Dntown 

99701 

Wnwrta

99703 

Nth Pole

99705 

Airport

99709 

Steese

99712 

Univ 

99775 All 

Census

Wtd 

Fireplace 4.3% 

±4.2% 

11.5% 

±6.3% 

16.7% 

±15.2%

3.6% 

±2.5%

5.6% 

±2.4% n/a n/a 5.3% 

±1.5%

5.3% 

±1.5%

Fireplace with Insert n/a 19.2% 

±7.7% n/a 7.3% 

±3.5%

3.4% 

±1.9%

3.7% 

±3.6% n/a 5.7% 

±1.5%

4.4% 

±1.4%

Woodstove 82.6% 

±7.9% 

65.4% 

±9.3% 

83.3% 

±15.2%

83.6% 

±5.0%

89.9% 

±3.2%

92.6% 

±5.0%

100.0% 

±0.0% 

85.0% 

±2.4%

87.1% 

±2.2%

Outdoor Wood Boiler 13.0% 

±7.0% 

3.8% 

±3.7% n/a 5.5% 

±3.1%

1.1% 

±1.1%

3.7% 

±3.6% n/a 4.0% 

±1.3%

3.3% 

±1.2%

a

 Also includes Birch Hill area 

n/a – Not available. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1225 

Table 5.6-19 

2011 HH Survey Standard Error of Proportion for 

Un-Certified and Certified Stove/Insert Splits (Percent of Households Equipped) 

Insert/Woodstove 

Certification Type 

Cell 

No ZIP 

Dntown 

99701 

Wnwrta

99703 

Nth Pole

99705 

Airport

99709 

Steese

99712 

Univ 

99775 All 

Census

Wtd 

Un-Certified (<1988) 21.1% 

±9.4% 

23.8% 

±9.1% n/a 23.9% 

±6.0%

26.6% 

±4.9%

12.0% 

±6.4% n/a 22.4% 

±3.7%

25.2% 

±4.0%

Certified (≥1988) 78.9% 

±9.4% 

76.2% 

±9.1% 

100.0% 

±0.0%

76.1% 

±6.0%

73.4% 

±4.9%

88.0% 

±6.4%

100.0% 

±0.0% 

77.6% 

±13.0%

74.8% 

±12.0%

a

 Also includes Birch Hill area 

n/a – Not available. 

Comparisons Across Surveys – Finally, Table 5.6-20 presents a comparison of key tabulations 

from each of the historical Fairbanks Home Heating surveys: 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 

2012.15 The tabulations from all the historical surveys were re-weighted by ZIP code using the 

2010 Census weightings for consistency when comparing results. 

As Table 5.6-20 shows, the normalized fractions of winter device are fairly consistent over time, 

except for the fact that wood use fractions have headed upward while usage in the generic Other 

category has trended down. It shows that wood stoves, and recently, outdoor wood boilers have 

exhibited increased usage within the wood-burning device sector. A large downward trend in the 

fraction of uncertified stoves/inserts can also be seen in Table 5.6-20. 

Table 5.6-20 also shows increasing (but still modest) penetration of pellet-burning stoves, rising 

from near zero in the 2006 and 2007 surveys to roughly 4% of total stoves/inserts in the three 

latter surveys. 

In addition, the “Wood Source” section of Table 5.6-20 shows how the mix of where households 

acquire their wood has trended over time. Most wood-burning households cut their own wood 

(vs. purchasing it commercially), although the “Cut Own” fraction appears to have drifted 

downward in recent surveys as shown in Table 5.6-20. 

Finally as shown in the lower section of Table 5.6-20, winter season fuel use and heating cost 

trends are mixed across the list of devices shown. Although both wood stove/insert and fireplace 

usage in households equipped with those devices have trended upward, there is significant year 

to year oscillation in the averages compiled from the survey data. 

As highlighted in Table 5.6-20, the 2011 survey data were largely used in the baseline (2008) 

inventory as well as for the projected baseline inventories (through 2019) although several 

options were considered as follows. Initially, thought was given to extrapolating estimates to 

2008 using key results (e.g. usage splits) from the 2007 and 2010 surveys. This was 

 

15 Although data were also collected under a 2013 Home Heating Survey, they have yet to be fully validated and 

processed as described earlier in this section. Thus, only comparisons/trends through the 2012 survey are shown. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1226 

Table 5.6-20 

Summary of Key Results from Historical Home Heating Surveys (through 2012) 

Statistic Parameter 

Survey Results 

2006a 2007a 2010 2011 2012 

Average Winter Device Use by Type 

(% of Household Use) 

Wood 10.8% 12.4% 18.2% 15.4% 19.1%

Central Oil 68.6% 64.8% 67.2% 67.5% 68.2%

Portable 0.7% 0.5% 0.1% 0.8% 0.1%

Direct Vent 8.1% 7.0% 8.0% 9.4% 6.9%

Natural Gas 2.4% 2.0% 4.2% 3.2% 3.0%

Coal Heat n/a n/a 0.5% 0.6% 0.4%

District Heat 2.0% 0.8% 1.1% 1.8% 1.9%

Electric Heat n/a n/a n/a 0.0% 0.1%

Other 7.5% 12.5% 0.8% 1.4% 0.3%

Wood Burning Type 

(% of Wood-Burning Devices) 

Fireplace 12.6% 17.1% 7.0% 5.3% 4.2%

Fireplace + Insert 8.2% 5.6% 6.1% 4.4% 4.0%

Woodstove 79.2% 77.2% 85.3% 87.1% 89.1%

Wood Boiler n/a n/a 1.6% 3.3% 2.7%

Wood Stove/Insert Cert Type 

(% of Woodstoves/Inserts) 

<1988 (Un-Certified) 52.0% 46.7% 35.7% 25.2% 22.8%

≥1988 (Certified) 48.0% 53.3% 64.3% 74.8% 77.2%

Wood Stove/Insert Wood Type 

(% of Woodstoves/Inserts) 

Cordwood 99.8% 100.0% 95.8% 96.7% 95.9%

Pellet 0.2% 0.0% 4.2% 3.3% 4.1%

Wood Stove/Insert Wood Source 

(% of Woodstoves/Inserts) 

Buy 27.0% 28.0% 36.5% 26.8% 36.2%

Cut Own 71.1% 60.6% 50.2% 62.1% 49.0%

Both (Buy & Cut) 1.8% 11.4% 13.4% 11.1% 14.8%

Stove/Insert Wood Use (cords), Winter Winter Season 3.14 2.84 3.51 3.17 3.68

Fireplace Wood Use (cords), Winter Winter Season 0.82 0.81 4.09 2.10 2.76

Central Oil Use (gallons), Winter Winter Season 1,172 1,027 819 972 874

Portable Heater Fuel Use (gallons), Winter Winter Season 97.1 241.9 59.1 257.8 22.5

Direct Vent Heater Fuel Use (gallons), Winter Winter Season 470 514 487 400 383

Natural Gas Heating Fuel Cost (dollars), Winter Winter Season $1,414 $1,287 $1,346 $1,548 $1,622

Municipal Heating Fuel Cost (dollars), Winter Winter Season $70 n/a $1,452 $2,067 $1,112

a

 Winter usage in these surveys encompassed October-May; later survey winter usage spanned October-March. 

rejected in favor of simply using the 2011 results to represent 2008 conditions for two reasons. 

First, the 712-household sample size was more than double that of the prior surveys (~300 

households). Second, the 2011 survey specifically targeted cellphone households while prior 

surveys used land line-only phone databases to select and contact residents which may have 

biased results from those surveys. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1227 

For the projected baseline inventories beyond 2008, consideration was given to using the 2012 

survey data given that it showed a “renewed” upward trend in normalized wood device usage 

compared to 2011 (19.1% vs. 15.4%) and usage per equipped household (3.68 cords vs. 3.17 

cords) as shown earlier in Table 5.6-20. However, looking at the range in year-to-year 

variations of key metrics across the surveys seen in Table 5.6-20, it wasn’t clear if the 2012 

results represented a persistent upward wood use trend, or just sample variation. Ultimately, a 

decision was made to use the 2011 data to represent projected baseline conditions with one 

exception explained below. The State plans to continue these annual home heating surveys and 

if they show a sustained upward shift in wood use, those results would be reflected in future SIP 

projected baselines. 

The key exception to use of the 2011 data for the projected baseline inventories was the clear 

downward trend in the fraction of uncertified wood stoves and inserts, dropping from 52.0% in 

2006 to 22.8% in 2012 as shown earlier in Table 5.6-20. Although as discussed in the Control 

Program section of the SIP, the Borough began a program to change out older, uncertified 

stoves/inserts in mid-2010, “natural” turnover in stoves from uncertified to newer, certified (and 

cleaner) stoves clearly preceded the effects of the Borough program. Thus as described in 

further detail later in the “Survey Data Use in SIP Inventories” sub-section, this downward trend 

in uncertified stoves/inserts was developed using data from all available Home Heating surveys. 

SPECIALIZED	WOOD‐BURNING	HOUSEHOLD	SURVEYS

In additional the annual Home Heating surveys described in the preceding section, ADEC and 

the Borough also commissioned two specialized surveys in early 2013 that focused on woodburning devices and practices. Unlike the Home Heating surveys which randomly sampled all 

residential households, these specialized surveys targeted only wood-burning households and are 

summarized as follows: 

1. Wood Tag Survey – A telephone survey of 216 households in which respondents were 

asked a series of questions about their wood devices related to establishing whether it was 

certified or not and if so, what emission rating (in grams/hour) and output (in BTU/hour) 

were stamped on the device’s “tag” or certification label. Information was also collected 

on the make, model and installation date of the devices (when available) that was used in 

conjunction with EPA’s published lists of certified stoves/inserts16 and hydronic heaters17

to look up emission ratings, technology type (catalytic vs. non-catalytic) and energy 

output. The survey also contained specific questions related to current participation in 

wood-related emission control programs, including existing Borough programs as well as 

likelihood of switching to natural gas under expanded availability of natural gas 

anticipated over the next several years. Finally, the survey also included questions about 

other devices and usages within the household beyond the wood-burning devices upon 

which the survey was primarily focused. As with the Home Heating surveys, the 

sampling was performed in a stratified manner, randomly sampling households within 

nonattainment area ZIP codes based on targeted sample sizes developed from 2010 

Census household weightings by ZIP code. 

 

16 http://www.epa.gov/Compliance/resources/publications/monitoring/caa/woodstoves/certifiedwood.pdf 17 http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/owhhlist.html 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1228 

2. Wood Purchase Survey – A separate survey of 217 wood-burning households within the 

nonattainment area (again with 2010 Census-weighted targeted sampling by ZIP code) 

was conducted to ascertain more detailed information about patterns in households that 

commercially purchase their wood and that cut it themselves. Much like the branching 

elements of the Home Heating surveys, specific sets of questions were asked in 

households that bought wood from those that cut their own. For wood buyers, questions 

centered around purchased wood: the supplier and their reasons for using them, whether 

wood was split or in rounds or whole logs, etc. For respondents who cut their wood, 

questions included the source (private or public land), whether a permit was obtained, etc. 

For both wood source types, respondents were also asked questions related to moisture 

content and the drying/seasoning period for their wood. 

In addition to the specific questions asked within each of these two wood-burning surveys, 

respondents in both surveys were asked a series of questions about the price premium they would 

be willing to pay for purchased of pre-dried wood given that dry wood typically produces about 

25% more heat per cord than wet wood. These questions were intended to gauge interest and 

potential participation in a local control program designed to expand use of fully-dry wood. 

Attachment A lists the survey script and questions contained in the 2013 Wood Tag and Wood 

Purchase surveys (following the Home Heating survey script). 

Key Findings Across Tag and Purchase Surveys – Before summarizing findings from the unique 

questions within each specialized wood household survey, tabulations of several key results 

common to both surveys are presented as follows. 

Wood-Burning Device Distributions – Table 5.6-21 presents a side-by-side comparison of the 

mix of primary wood-burning devices used in sampled households from the Tag and Purchase 

surveys (each with sample sizes of over 200 households as noted earlier). As shown, 

distributions of wood devices between the two surveys are in general agreement. 

Both surveys show that woodstoves represented well over 80% of primary wood-burning 

devices. (Pellet and cordwood stoves from the Tag survey totaled 87.8%, these splits were not 

available from the Purchase survey.). This is consistent with woodstove fractions from the 

Home Heating surveys shown earlier in Table 5.6-13 and Table 5.6-20. However, the 17.7% 

pellet stove fraction from the 213 Tag survey was noticeably higher than that observed in more 

recent Home Heating surveys (which averaged roughly 4%). 

Both the Tag and Purchase surveys also exhibited slightly higher fractions of fireplaces, 7.8% 

and 9.5%, respectively than those seen in recent Home Heating surveys (roughly 5%), although 

higher fireplace fractions were seen in earlier surveys prior to 2010 as reported in earlier Table 

5.6-20. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1229 

Table 5.6-21 

2013 Wood Survey Wood-Burning Device Distributions 

(Percent of Households Sampled, Census Weighted) 

Wood-Burning 

Device Type 

Wood Tag 

Survey 

Wood Purchase 

Survey 

Woodstove (cordwood) 70.1% 82.1% Woodstove (pellet) 17.7% 

Fireplace Insert 0.4% 3.4% 

Fireplace (no insert) 7.8% 9.5% 

Outdoor Wood Boiler 3.6% 3.2% 

Other 0.5% 1.7% 

Wood Source Mix - Table 5.6-22 compares the splits in the source of household wood between 

the Tag and Purchase surveys. As shown, these splits are very consistent, with households that 

cut their own wood outnumbering those that purchase their wood commercially by about a 3-to-1 

margin, with roughly 15-20% of sampled homes using a mixture of purchased and personally 

harvested wood. This relative 3-to-1 ratio of Cut vs. Buy group households represents a higher 

split of Cut households than reported from recent Home Heating surveys. As shown earlier in 

Table 5.6-20, the Cut vs. Buy household splits ranged from 1.5 to 2-to-1 in the 2010-2012 Home 

Heating surveys. 

As explained later in the “Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Content” section of this 

appendix, the Buy vs. Cut wood source splits are important because of evidence that indicates 

homeowners that cut their own wood tend to season (and dry) it longer than those who buy their 

wood. Thus this split affects the overall wood moisture level. 

Table 5.6-22 

2013 Wood Survey Wood Source Mix 

(Percent of Households Sampled, Census Weighted) 

Wood Source Group 

Wood Tag 

Survey 

Wood Purchase 

Survey 

Buy 22.4% 19.9% 

Cut Own 63.1% 57.7% 

Both (Buy & Cut Own) 14.5% 22.3% 

Cost of Firewood – In both the Tag and Purchase surveys, respondents in the Buy group (those 

that purchased some or all of their firewood) were also questioned about the price they paid 

(excluding any delivery fee). The results were very consistent across both surveys and are listed 

as follows. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1230 

 Survey Avg. Price ($/cord) Range Sample Size 

 Tag $233 $100-$400 50 

 Purchase $227 $89-$400 60 

In these 2013 surveys, the average price paid for firewood was about $230 per cord (excluding 

delivery fee). Under the Purchase survey, Buy group respondents were also asked about delivery 

fees. About 72% paid no delivery fee (or picked up the wood themselves). For the remaining 

28% that paid a fee, the average was $293 although values varied from $40 to $700 and the 

phrasing of the question was vague in specifying the price per cord, delivery or season. 

Willingness to Pay More for Dried Wood – Both wood surveys also included a series of 

questions intended to measure willingness to spend more on commercially-purchased wood that 

is fully dried before being sold. The questions were identically phrased in both surveys and were 

directed to those households that buy all or a portion of their firewood. They were asked in a 

staged manner as follows: “Knowing that dry wood provides 25 percent more heat than wet 

wood, would you pay $25 more per cord for dry wood?” For those who answered yes, the 

question was then repeated with the threshold raised to $50, then $75, and finally $100. 

Responses are summarized in Table 5.6-23. For each staged question, the percentage who 

responded affirmatively is shown. In parenthesis next to each percentage is the ratio that was 

used to calculate it (number answering “yes” divided by total definitive answers). The table 

shows that the percentage of people willing to pay each specified amount for dry wood was fairly 

consistent between both the Tag and Purchase surveys, but in no case was the difference 

statistically significant at the 95% confidence level.18 Thus, the data from two surveys were 

combined in the rightmost column of Table 5.6-23 to provide the most robust estimate of the 

surveyed responses (129 combined households that buy wood). 

Table 5.6-23 

2013 Wood Survey Willingness to Pay for Dry Wood 

Distribution of Wood-Burning Devices (Percent of Households Sampled) 

Pay More for 

Dry Wood? 

% Willing to Pay (#yes/total) Willingness to Pay 

Wood Tag Survey Wood Purchase Survey Combined Surveys 

$25/cord more 73.5% (36/49) 72.5% (58/80) 72.8% 

$50/cord more 

(if ‘yes’ to above) 38.6% (17/44) 46.5% (33/71) 43.5% 

$75/cord more 

(if ‘yes’ to above) 16.3% (8/44) 13.6% (9/66) 15.5% 

$100/cord more 

(if ‘yes’ to above) 14.6% (7/43) 4.6% (3/65) 9.3% 

 

18 In general, large sample sizes are necessary to detect small differences between two percentages (see, for 

example, Snedecor et al, Statistical Methods, 1980).
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1231 

Key Tag Survey Findings – As noted earlier, the Tag survey sampled 216 wood-burning 

households in the Fairbanks nonattainment area. The primary objective of the survey was to 

obtain a reasonably size subset of households with certified woodstoves/fireplace inserts (or 

Phase 1 or 2-qualified outdoor wood boilers) and have respondents provide certification 

information about the device such as its smoke rating (particulate emission rate in grams/hour), 

heating efficiency and heat output (BTU/hour) by reading these data from the certification label 

or “Tag” stamped on the device. Table 5.6-24 lists the distribution of primary wood-burning 

devices from the surveyed sample in the “All” column. For each device, it also shows the 

breakdown between devices identified as uncertified/unknown or EPA-certified based on the 

respondents answers to the question: “Is your device certified, or does it have a certification 

label?” (Certification label information was only solicited for woodstoves, inserts and outdoor 

wood boilers. As noted with “n/a” in the “Certified” column of Table 5.6-24, certification data 

was not applicable to fireplaces or other devices not explicitly identified.) 

Table 5.6-24 

2013 Tag Survey Wood-Burning Device Distributions 

(Number of Households) 

Wood-Burning 

Device Type 

Sample Size 

All 

Uncertified/

Unknown Certified 

Certified, 

Label Read

Woodstove (cordwood & pellet) 189 92 97 18 

Fireplace Insert 1 1 0 

Fireplace (no insert) 17 17 n/a n/a 

Outdoor Wood Boiler 8 3 5 1 

Other 1 1 n/a n/a 

Totals 216 114 102 19 

As shown in the highlighted “Certified, Label Read” column in Table 5.6-24, once respondents 

were asked to actually read information from the device certification label (or provide via 

follow-up postcard solicitations) few could or did. Label visibility or access were likely the 

primary factors for getting few “Label Read” responses. 

Fortunately, respondents were also asked to provide make, model and model year of their 

woodstoves, inserts or outdoor wood boilers. A total of 95 respondents were able to provide this 

information. These responses (where available) were then compared to EPA’s published lists19

of certified woodstoves/inserts and outdoor hydronic heaters (i.e. outdoor wood boilers). For 

devices that could be matched to EPA’s lists (and are therefore certified), emission rate, 

efficiency and heat output data were looked up. Using this approach, the initial sample of 19 

devices for which complete label data were available was expanded to a total of 68 certified 

devices (67 stoves/inserts, 1 outdoor wood boiler) with compiled emission rate, efficiency and 

heat output data. 

 

19 http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/appliances.html, circa January 2013. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1232 

Certified Woodstove/Insert Levels - Table 5.6-25 presents tabulated emission rates (in 

grams/hour) and heat output ranges (in BTU/hour) for those woodstoves/inserts for which 

certification data were available. Separate sample sizes and averages are shown by technology 

type (catalytic vs. non-catalytic). As shown, the analysis sample was split roughly 60%/40% for 

catalytic and non-catalytic certified woodstoves/inserts. Average particulate emission rates (i.e. 

certified smoke rating) are highlighted in the middle column. Across the entire sample, the 

average PM emission rate was found to be 2.48 grams/hour as shown at the bottom of Table 5.6-

25. Based on this sample, Fairbanks certified woodstoves/inserts are quite clean compared to 

EPA’s existing certified woodstove emission standards of 7.5 grams/hour and 4.1 grams/hour for 

non-catalytic and catalytic devices, respectively. 

Table 5.6-25 

2013 Tag Survey Certified Woodstove/Insert Emission Rates and Output 

by Technology Type 

Technology 

Type 

Sample Size Avg. Emission Rate

(grams/hour) 

Avg. Output (BTU/hour) 

N Pct. Minimum Maximum 

Catalytic 40 59.7% 2.23 10,740 36,541 

Non-Catalytic 27 40.3% 2.86 10,871 34,714 

Totals/Averages 67 100.0% 2.48 10,793 35,805 

Figure 5.6-28 shows the distribution of emission rates for the certified stoves/inserts from the 

Tag survey sample. Each interval shows the percentage of devices in the survey sample between 

the indicated rate and that to its immediate left. For example, 34% of the devices (23 out of 67) 

had certified emission rates of 2.0 to 2.5 grams/hour. Summing the frequencies from Figure 5.6-

28 cumulatively, 31% and 66% of the stoves/inserts were below 2.0 gram/hour and 2.5 

gram/hour levels, respectively. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1233 

Figure 5.6-28 

Distribution of Tag Survey Certified Stove Emission Rates (grams/hour) 

True Uncertified Device Fraction – Responses to specific questions from the Tag survey were 

also used to evaluate what is believed to be a biased (low) estimate of the percentage of 

uncertified woodstoves/inserts from the Home Heating surveys. As discussed earlier, the Home 

Heating surveys do not attempt to get respondents to examine their wood devices for the 

presence (or absence) of an EPA certification label. The installation date question (1988 and 

earlier vs. post-1988) from the Home Heating surveys is used as a “proxy” to estimate the 

fractions of woodstoves/inserts that are not EPA-certified, but as discussed earlier “woodstovelike” devices that are excluded from EPA’s wood heater regulations have been observed for sale 

in Fairbanks retail outlets. Thus, the more definitive label information (or lack thereof) from the 

Tag survey presented an opportunity to estimate a true uncertified woodstove/insert fraction. 

Out of 128 definitive responses (i.e. removing “don’t know” responses) from Tag survey 

woodstove/insert households, 89 were found to have a certification label or tag (although as 

noted earlier not all could be read by the respondents). The remaining 39 when ZIP code 

Census-weighted represented a “true” uncertified stove/insert fraction of 32.2%. 

As shown earlier in Table 5.6-20, the proxy-based uncertified stove fraction estimates from the 

Home Heating surveys have been on a steady downward decline (in part based on the fixed 

installation date cutoff). Thus in order to make an equivalent comparison to the true uncertified 

fraction from the 2013 Tag survey, this Home Heating proxy trend was extrapolated forward to 

2013 using a fitted exponential curve approach illustrated in Figure 5.6-29. The diamond shaped 

marker points are the proxy-based uncertified stove fractions from Table 5.6-20. (Values for 

2008 and 2009 shown as gray markers in were interpolated from the 2007 and 2010 survey 

fractions.) 

 

0%

7% 9%

18%

34%

9% 9%

6%

3%

0% 1% 1% 1% 0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0

Percentage of Devices

Certified Emission Rate (grams/hour)
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1234 

Figure 5.6-29 

Curve-Fitted Forecast of 2013 Proxy-Based 

Home Heating Survey Uncertified Stove/Insert Fraction 

A least-squares exponential curve was fitted to these data as shown by the dashed line and used 

to forecast a proxy-based estimate to 2013, shown as a red marker in Figure 5.6-29. This 2013 

forecasted proxy-based uncertified stove fraction was 20.76%. 

The difference between the two 2013 estimates (true vs. proxy) of the uncertified stove fraction 

was 11.47% (32.23% - 20.76%) and was assumed to represent the “offset” that accounted for the 

underreported uncertified stoves in the Home Heating proxy-based approach. (How this offset 

was used in the SIP inventory is discussed in the next sub-section.) 

The 39 Tag survey responses used to represent the true uncertified stove/insert fraction were also 

further examined to cross-check the approach used to calculate this proxy offset. 34 of the 39 

“true” uncertified device respondents provided installation/age information for their 

stoves/inserts; 18 (53.4%) were installed on or before 1988; 16 (46.6%) after 1988. The post1988 split was then multiplied by the true uncertified stove fraction of 32.2% to produce a 

“proxy-equivalent” estimate of 15.0% (32.2% × 46.6%), which compares reasonably with the 

11.47% offset estimated above. 

Natural Gas Expansion – Two questions were included in the Tag survey to gauge willingness of 

existing wood-burning households to switch to using natural gas under a planned expansion of 

natural gas availability being guided by the Alaska Interior Development Energy Authority 

(AIDEA). 

The first question asked respondents to estimate the retail price gas would need to be offered at 

to get them to switch from wood (and heating oil). To make the question easier to understand 

y = 1.6957E+121e‐1.3945E‐01x

R2 = 9.3679E‐01

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Proxy‐Based Uncertified Stove Fraction

Survey Year
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1235 

and the answers more meaningful, the price question was asked on a heating oil equivalent basis: 

“If natural gas becomes available, what gas price would get you to stop burning wood (in $/gal 

equivalent of heating oil)?” Out of 140 definitive responses, the average gas price was $2.17 per 

gallon on an oil equivalent basis. 102 of the 140 respondents, or 72.8% indicated willingness to 

switch to gas if offered at $2.00 gallon equivalent, about half of the current heating oil price. 

The second question dealt with the potential need of wood-burning households that switch to gas 

to continue to burn wood on extremely cold days (less than -30°F) for reasons such as ensuring 

particular rooms or areas of the house stayed warm. Of the 185 definitive responses to this 

question, 37.9% (71 respondents) indicated they may still feel the need to use their wood devices 

on cold days, even after switching their house to natural gas. 

Wood Species Mix – Finally, responses were also tabulated from the question asking 

homeowners to identify the predominant species of firewood they burned. Out of a total of 191 

valid responses, the ZIP code Census-weighted composite fractions were as follows: 

 Birch (paper birch) – 46.4%; 

 Spruce (white spruce) – 34.1%; and 

 “Aspen” (black/white poplar) – 18.5%. 

Key Purchase Survey Findings – Beside results summarized earlier in conjunction with the Tag 

survey, a key finding from the Wood Purchase survey was the mix of whole logs (or round) 

versus pre-split logs purchased. At the time of purchase the 81 responses were split as follows: 

 Split – 31 or 38.3%; 

 Whole/Rounds – 40 or 49.4%; and 

 Both – 11 or 12.3%. 

A follow up question was asked of those purchasing whole logs/rounds about when they split 

their wood, ‘as needed’ or ‘on delivery.’ Roughly 44% said ‘as needed’, the remaining 56% 

responded ‘on delivery.’ 

Normalizing these tabulation to remove the ‘Both’ responses and account for splitting by the 

homeowner after delivery, the mix of split vs. whole/round logs was calculated to be roughly 

75% vs. 25%. 

SURVEY	DATA	USE	IN	SIP INVENTORIES

As pointed out in the preceding sections, a variety of telephone-based residential surveys have 

been conducted in Fairbanks dating as far back as early 2006 in order to ascertain information 

about local space heating practices, as well as their trends over time. This sub-section clarifies 

two specific elements of these surveys that were utilized to calculate space heating emissions 

within the SIP inventories. It also describes how they were applied as inputs in these 

calculations. Except where explicitly noted, these inputs were based on the 2011 Home Heating 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1236 

survey. It was selected over earlier surveys to represent 2008 baseline inventory heating 

practices because of its larger sample size and inclusion of cell phone-reached households. 

Device Energy Usage Splits by ZIP Code – As discussed earlier, the Home Heating survey data 

included tabulations of the mix of heating devices in sampled homes and rough estimates of 

wintertime use percentages provided by the respondent at the beginning of the telephone survey. 

Later in the device-specific sections of the survey, respondent provided estimates of winter 

season (and annual) fuel use (e.g., cords of wood or gallons of heating oil) or costs (amount spent 

per winter month on natural gas or District heat). 

A key input to the home heating energy model as discussed earlier under the “Development of 

Energy Model” section of this appendix was the seasonal average device energy use mix in the 

household. In the SIP inventory application of the energy model, this winter average household 

device energy use split was developed and applied from ZIP code-specific tabulations of device 

energy use splits developed from the 2011 Home Heating survey data. However, instead of 

using the roughly estimated splits provided by respondents at the beginning of the survey, more 

robust splits were calculated from the seasonal fuel use data provided later in the survey. 

These calculations were performed by converting average seasonal fuel use (for each equipped 

device in the household) into energy use by multiply by each fuel’s specific energy content. 

Table 5.6-26 lists the energy contents assumed for each fuel and their data sources. 

Table 5.6-26 

Assumed Energy Contents of Space Heating Fuels in Fairbanks 

Fuel 

Energy 

Content Units Source/Notes 

Wood, dry 13.5 mmBTU/ton 

Alaska Department of Natural Resources 

http://forestry.alaska.gov/pdfs/firewood.pdf, 

Wood density = 1.56 tons/cord 

Heating Oil #1 125,000 BTU/gal Cold Climate Housing Research Center 

(energy content for #1 oil in heating appliance survey) 

Heating Oil #2 138,500 BTU/gal North American Combustion Handbook, 

from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating_oil

Fairbanks #1 & #2 Blend 132,000 BTU/gal Fairbanks Natural Gas, 

http://www.fngas.com/calculate.html

Kerosene 135,000 BTU/gal http://generatorjoe.net/html/energy.asp 

Natural Gas 1,015 BTU/ft3

Fairbanks Natural Gas, 

http://www.fngas.com/calculate.html

Gas cost = $2.34 per 100 ft3

Coal 15.3 mmBTU/ton http://www.usibelli.com/Coal-data.php

Electric 3,413 BTU/kWh 

Fairbanks Natural Gas, 

http://www.fngas.com/calculate.html

Electricity cost = $0.180 per kilowatt-hour (kWh) 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1237 

Multiplying by these fuel energy contents, average winter season fuel use estimates from the 

2011 Home Heating survey were then translated into winter season energy use estimates. These 

calculations were performed by ZIP code. Average fuel use for each fuel and device type for all 

households within each ZIP code was converted to average winter season energy use estimates 

by ZIP code. For device categories such as natural gas and electric heat, fuel cost rather than 

fuel use data were collected in the survey since it was easier for respondents to provide cost 

rather than usage data for these categories. Table 5.6-26 lists the unit costs for these fuels that 

were used to translate the survey data into seasonal fuel use. 

The results of these energy use calculations are presented in Table 5.6-27. Actual energy use 

(winter season BTUs per household) has been translated into normalized percentages in the table. 

Based on the availability of separate emission factors for specific device/fuel combinations, 

splits from the survey data were stratified into the categories shown in Table 5.6-27. The energy 

use estimates for the cell phone households were proportionally distributed into each ZIP code 

based on their share of the survey sample and 2010 Census weightings. 

Table 5.6-27 

2011 Home Heating Survey Winter Season Energy Use Splits by ZIP Code 

Fuel Group Device/Fuel Type 

Pct. of Winter Season Energy Use by ZIP Census 

99701 99703 99705 99709 99712 99775 Wtd. Avg.

Wood-Burning 

Stoves, cordwood 6.18% 20.32% 17.46% 20.52% 19.63% 11.41% 16.10%

Stoves, pellet 0.09% 3.05% 0.35% 0.25% 1.20% 0.09% 0.48%

Inserts, cordwood 1.38% 0.00% 1.96% 0.42% 1.09% 0.00% 1.09%

Inserts, pellet 0.00% 0.00% 0.98% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.23%

Fireplaces 0.49% 0.03% 0.77% 0.99% 0.03% 0.03% 0.65%

Outdoor Wood Boilers 1.95% 1.15% 7.58% 3.69% 1.58% 1.15% 3.81%

Oil-Burning 

Central Oil 78.98% 60.66% 63.64% 65.06% 62.49% 84.42% 67.72%

Portable Heaters 1.41% 0.83% 1.56% 0.56% 0.85% 0.36% 1.06%

Direct Vent Heaters 3.19% 3.40% 4.11% 5.92% 10.60% 1.78% 5.24%

Gas Natural Gas Heat 5.46% 9.99% 1.12% 1.21% 1.71% 0.63% 2.70%

Coal Coal Heaters 0.58% 0.13% 0.45% 0.30% 0.77% 0.13% 0.45%

Steam District Heat 0.29% 0.42% 0.01% 1.08% 0.05% 0.01% 0.47%

Totals 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Highlighted rows in Table 5.6-27 refer to those devices for which in-use measurements were 

collected under the aforementioned CCHRC study, and which were used to construct the home 

heating energy model. These highlighted energy use percentages were regrouped into the splits 

listed in Table 5.6-28 for use in driving this portion of the energy model input. As explained 

later in the “Space Heating - Emission Calculation Details” section, emissions for those devices 

not represented in the CCHRC study (those not highlighted in Table 5.6-27 and Table 5.6-28) 

were calculated from their proportional energy use outside the energy model. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1238 

Table 5.6-28 

Regrouped Winter Season Energy Use Splits by ZIP Code for Energy Model Input 

Fuel Group Device/Fuel Type 

Pct. of Winter Season Energy Use by ZIP Census 

99701 99703 99705 99709 99712 99775 Wtd. Avg.

WoodBurning 

1 – Stoves 7.65% 23.37% 20.75% 21.19% 21.92% 11.50% 17.67%

2 – Fireplaces 0.49% 0.03% 0.77% 0.99% 0.03% 0.03% 0.62%

3 – OWBs 1.95% 1.15% 7.58% 3.69% 1.58% 1.15% 4.41%

OilBurning 

4 - Central Oil 78.98% 60.66% 63.64% 65.06% 62.49% 84.42% 66.20%

5 - Direct Vent Heat 3.19% 3.40% 4.11% 5.92% 10.60% 1.78% 6.14%

Portable Heaters 1.41% 0.83% 1.56% 0.56% 0.85% 0.36% 1.24%

Natural Gas Natural Gas Heat 5.46% 9.99% 1.12% 1.21% 1.71% 0.63% 2.79%

Coal Coal Heaters 0.58% 0.13% 0.45% 0.30% 0.77% 0.13% 0.52%

Electric Electric Heat 0.29% 0.42% 0.01% 1.08% 0.05% 0.01% 0.41%

Instrumented Study Subtotals 92.26% 88.62% 96.86% 96.86% 96.62% 98.87% 95.04%

Totals 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Forecasted Trends in Uncertified Stoves/Inserts – As discussed earlier in summarizing the key 

findings from the 2013 Wood Tag survey, EPA certification data obtained for woodstoves and 

inserts sampled under that effort enabled development of an offset or correction factor to 

upwardly revise underreported fractions of uncertified stoves/inserts from the Home Heating 

surveys. 

Table 5.6-29illustrates how this offset was used in conjunction with development of trends in the 

split between certified and uncertified stoves/inserts over time that were applied in representing 

their effects in both the baseline (2008) and projected baseline (2015, 2017 and 2019) 

inventories. The first column in Table 5.6-29 lists the uncorrected fractions of uncertified 

stoves/inserts tabulated from the annual Home Heating surveys dating back to the inaugural 

survey in 2006. (As noted earlier, 2008 and 2009 fractions were interpolated from 2007 and 

2010 survey results.) The 11.47% correction factor determined from the Tag survey is shown in 

the next column and was assumed to be a constant offset over time. (In the absence of additional 

corroboratory data other than that collected in the 2013 Tag survey and given that the law under 

which uncertified woodstove-like devices has not changed, it was believed that a constant offset 

adjustment over time was reasonable.) 

The remaining columns of Table 5.6-29 show the corrected splits between uncertified and 

certified (both non-catalytic and catalytic) stoves/inserts from the historical Home Heating 

surveys after applying the offset adjustment to the uncertified fractions. The shaded cells in the 

table highlight the corrections to the uncertified fractions over time. For example in 2008, the 

Home Heating survey-based estimate of 43.05% was increased by 11.47% to yield a corrected 

estimate of 54.52%. After applying this correction for each historical calendar year, the splits for 

the remaining certified non-catalytic and catalytic were proportionally renormalized as shown in 

the next two columns of Table 5.6-29. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Residential Surveys 

III.D.5.6-1239 

Table 5.6-29 

Corrected Splits and Trends in Uncertified and Certified Stoves/Inserts 

Calendar 

Year 

Home Heating 

Survey-Based 

Uncertified Pct. 

Tag Survey

Offset 

Corrected Percentages 

Uncertified 

Certified, 

Non-Catalytic

Certified, 

Catalytic Total 

2006 52.01% 

+11.47% 

63.47% 27.24% 9.29% 100.00% 

2007 46.73% 58.20% 31.93% 9.87% 100.00% 

2008 43.05% 54.52% 31.94% 13.54% 100.00% 

2009 39.37% 50.84% 31.51% 17.66% 100.00% 

2010 35.69% 47.16% 30.62% 22.23% 100.00% 

2011 25.16% 36.62% 38.29% 25.08% 100.00% 

2012 22.76% 34.23% 41.22% 24.56% 100.00% 

2013 32.23% 42.47% 25.30% 100.00% 

2014 29.52% 44.16% 26.31% 100.00% 

2015 27.17% 45.64% 27.19% 100.00% 

2016 25.13% 46.92% 27.95% 100.00% 

2017 23.35% 48.03% 28.62% 100.00% 

2018 21.80% 49.00% 29.19% 100.00% 

2019 20.46% 49.85% 29.70% 100.00% 

As shown in the italicized lower section of Table 5.6-29, estimates of uncertified stove/insert 

fractions over time out to 2019 (the latest inventory projection year) were forecasted to continue 

their natural downward trend observed from 2006 through 2012 survey data using the 

exponential curve and equation presented earlier in Figure 5.6-29 and the constant 11.47% 

additive adjustment. The corrected splits and trends in Table 5.6-29 were applied to represent 

stove/insert uncertified/certified fractions in the baseline and projected baseline SIP inventories. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1240 

HOME HEATING – FAIRBANKS WOOD ENERGY AND MOISTURE EFFECTS

For biofuels such as wood, the moisture level has a significant effect on the net heating energy 

when the fuel is burned as well as on resulting emission factors (mass emissions of pollutant per 

unit mass of fuel). Energy content of the locally-available firewood species must also be 

accounted for. This section of the Emission Inventory Technical Appendix describes how 

Fairbanks-specific wood energy and moisture effects were accounted for within the Residential 

Space Heating sector of the SIP inventories. 

The section begins by summarizing the sources and methods used to estimate the energy content 

of Fairbanks-specific wood used in home heating. It also contains a discussion of basic concepts 

in representing and accounting for heating energy effects of wood as a function of its moisture 

content. Next, the data and sources used to estimate baseline moisture levels across the spectrum 

of Fairbanks wood burners are described. The final sub-section documents how these elements 

were combined to calculate effects of moisture content on wood-burning emissions within the 

SIP inventories. 

FAIRBANKS	WOOD	ENERGY	CONTENT

The energy content per unit volume of firewood varies by over a factor of two20, depending on 

the species of the wood. Although energy content per unit mass shows much less variation 

across wood species, firewood is cut, purchased and stacked/stored on a volumetric basis (e.g., in 

cords) and therefore understanding the types/mix of Fairbanks firewood species is important. 

Common woods in the conterminous U.S. typically exhibit an average energy content of roughly 

8,500 BTU/lb on an oven dry (i.e. bone dry) basis. In EPA’s AP-42 emission factor database, 

residential wood burning emission factors are based on an energy content of 17.3 mmBTU/ton21

(equal to 8,650 BTU/lb). 

(As discussed in the detail in following sub-section, wood moisture also has a significant effect 

on its effective energy content or heating value. Therefore wood energy content is generally 

reported on a fully-dried basis, or at a reference moisture level. This sub-section deals solely 

with energy content variations by wood species, irrespective of moisture level.) 

To better represent the energy content of firewood burned for space heating in Fairbanks, 

information on the relative usage of local wood species used in residential heating was collected 

from a 2013 “Wood Tag” survey of 216 randomly-selected wood-burning households located 

within the Fairbanks NAA. The three predominant local firewood species are: 1) Birch; 2) 

White Spruce; and 3) Aspen. Local firewood called “Aspen” is actually a mix of white poplar 

(American Aspen) and black poplar (Cottonwood) species that grow in the area. 

 

20 “Firewood BTU Content Charts,” Chimney Sweep Online, http://www.chimneysweeponline.com/howood.htm. 21 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch01/final/c01s10.pdf
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1241 

Table 5.6-30 lists the relative usage fractions for each of the three primary local wood species 

(Birch, Spruce and Aspen) tabulated from the 2013 Wood Tag survey responses. It shows that 

Birch and Spruce are the most commonly used firewood species. 

Table 5.6-30 

Fairbanks Firewood Usage Splits and Energy Content by Species 

Parameter 

Local Wood Species 

Birch Spruce Aspen Composite

Usage Fraction 46.4% 35.1% 18.5% 100% 

Energy Content (BTU/lb)a 8,126 8,518 8,252 8,119 

a Assuming 0% moisture or oven dry basis. 

Table 5.6-30 also shows energy contents assumed for each specie (on an oven dry basis), based 

on Alaska-specific data22 published by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources (ADNR). 

The energy contents shown in Table 5.6-30 are adjusted to an oven-dry basis from the ADNR 

values, which reflect 20% moisture content, or “air dry” conditions. As highlighted in the 

rightmost column of Table 5.6-30, the composite energy content of Fairbanks firewood 

(weighted by the specie-specific usage percentages) was estimated to be 8,119 BTU/lb on an 

oven dry (OD) basis. 

WOOD	MOISTURE	AND	ENERGY	RELATIONSHIP

When harvested, wood has a certain amount of water or moisture suspended within its mass. 

The amount of moisture in wood is referred to as its moisture content (MC). Wood moisture 

content is generally defined on a percentage basis relative to either: 

1. the mass of the wood including its water (wet basis, wb); or 

2. the mass of the wood excluding the water (dry basis, db). 

Wood moisture levels are rigorously measured in the laboratory by measuring the mass of wood 

before and after placing it in a drying oven (where all its suspended water is evaporated). For 

example, if a piece of wood had a wet mass (before drying) of 1.25 lb and a dry mass of 1.00 lb, 

its moisture content on both a wet or dry basis would be calculated as follows: 

MC Wet (MC wb) = (MassWet - MassDry) ÷ MassWet = (1.25 – 1.00) ÷ 1.25 = 0.20 or 20% 

 MC Dry (MC db) = (MassWet - MassDry) ÷ MassDry = (1.25 – 1.00) ÷ 1.00 = 0.25 or 25% 

Moisture levels also affect how wood energy content is reported, depending on what state the 

wood’s suspended water molecules are in after being vaporized during combustion. Gross or 

 

22 “Purchasing Firewood in Alaska,” Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry, 

http://forestry.alaska.gov/pdfs/firewood.pdf. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1242 

Higher Heating Value (HHV) energy content includes energy associated with the latent heat of 

vaporization of moisture within the wood when condensed after combustion. Net or Lower 

Heating Value (LHV) energy content excludes this latent heat of vaporization. Under bone dry 

conditions, both heating values are the same. At moisture levels other than 0%, LHV energy 

content is lower than that based on the HHV. The equations below, excerpted from the U.S. 

Department of Energy Biomass Energy Data Book23 and converted to English units, show how 

wood HHV and LHV vary by wood moisture content. 

ࢂࡴࡴ ൌ 	 ࢟࢘ࢊࢂࡴࡴ ൈ ሺ૚ െ ࢈࢝࡯ࡹሻ (4) 

ࢂࡴࡸ ൌ 	 ࢟࢘ࢊࢂࡴࡴ ൈ ሺ૚ െ ࢈࢝࡯ࡹሻ െ ૚૙૞૙	࢈࢝࡯ࡹ) 5 (

Where: 

 HHV = higher heating value (BTU/lb) which includes latent heat of vaporization; 

 LHV = lower heating value (BTU/lb) which excludes latent heat of vaporization; 

 HHVdry = laboratory-measured energy content or bone dry HHV (BTU/lb); 

 MCwb = wood moisture content (%, wet basis); and 

 1050 = a constant that represents the latent heat of vaporization (at 25°C). 

Table 5.6-31 presents calculated Fairbanks wood energy content (on both an HHV and LVH 

basis) as a function of various moisture levels, expressed on both a wet and dry basis. 

Table 5.6-31 

Fairbanks Wood Energy Content (BTU/lb) vs. Moisture Content (%) 

MC 

Wet (%) 

MC 

Dry (%) 

HHV 

(BTU/lb) 

LHV 

(BTU/lb) 

%HHV Reduction 

Relative to Oven Dry

0.0% 0.0% 8,119a 8,119a 0% 

5.0% 5.3% 7,713 7,661 5.0% 

10.0% 11.1% 7,307 7,202 10.0% 

15.0% 17.6% 6,902 6,744 15.0% 

20.0% 25.0% 6,496 6,285 20.0% 

25.0% 33.3% 6,090 5,827 25.0% 

30.0% 42.9% 5,684 5,369 30.0% 

35.0% 53.8% 5,278 4,910 35.0% 

40.0% 66.7% 4,872 4,452 40.0% 

45.0% 81.8% 4,466 3,993 45.0% 

50.0% 100.0% 4,060 3,535 50.0% 

a

 Based on composite bone dry energy content for local firewood mix. 

 

23 B. Boundy, et al., “Biomass Energy Data Book: Edition 4,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Report No. 

ORNL/TM-2011/446, September 2011. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1243 

The specific value to use depends on the combustion device and application. Wood burning 

devices used in residential space heating cannot recover latent heat energy from water vapor 

produced during combustion. Therefore their heating value or efficiency in the real world would 

be based on the LHV. This approach is used in Europe. In the U.S. however, residential wood 

device heating value specifications and efficiencies have traditionally been published on an HHV 

basis, including data reported through EPA’s woodstove certification standards. In order to be 

consistent with U.S. published data and efficiency ratings (used later in emission inventory and 

control measure calculations), HHVs were used to account for moisture effects in residential 

wood burning. 

Wood Moisture and Emissions – The energy content vs wood moisture relationship shown in 

Table 5.6-31 results in a commensurate or proportional impact on wood-burning emissions. 

Relative to any “reference” moisture level, the amount of additional wood that must be burned is 

directly related to the difference in energy content between the actual and reference moisture 

levels. The relative reduction in HHV-based energy content at any moisture level relative to 0% 

(Oven Dry) moisture content is shown in the highlighted column in Table 5.6-31. The reduction 

in relative HHV is mathematically equal to the wet-basis moisture content. 

Beyond this proportional HHV vs. moisture content impact, emissions from wood-burning 

devices are also affected by factors that reduce optimum combustion conditions. Wood burning 

devices are tested for emissions and efficiency performance with “air dry” wood in a moisture 

content range of about 18% to 28% (15% to 22% wet basis) to represents the normal range most 

people use or should use. Both higher and lower moisture content can have significant negative 

consequences24. High moisture reduces efficiency and makes it harder to start and sustain good 

secondary combustion. This is due to its cooling effect that slows down combustion and cools 

the gases produced by pyrolysis. Very dry wood tends to burn faster and can evolve gases at a 

rate that outstrips the ability of most heating devices to supply adequate air, resulting in oxygen 

starvation. This can cause higher emissions, pulsating combustion and overheating. 

Available literature that quantifies these moisture-driven combustion effects on resulting device 

emission levels is extremely limited. In a comparative analysis25 of wood device testing results 

from both laboratory measurements and in-home instrumented studies, Houck (2012) observed 

that any clear relationship that wood moisture alone might have with emissions is clearly 

obscured by other real-world variables. Earlier studies26,27 also note the difficulty in isolating the 

moisture-combustion effect on emission rates in historical test measurements and suggest its 

magnitude is smaller compared to other sources of variation in the data. 

 

24 R. Curkeet, “Wood Combustion Basics,” Intertek Worldwide, EPA workshop presentation, March 2, 2011, 

http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/workshop2011/WoodCombustion-Curkeet.pdf 25 J. Houck, “A Comparison of Particulate Emission Rates from the In-Home Use of Certified Wood Stove Models 

with U.S. EPA Certification Emission Values and A Comparison between In-Home Uncertified and Certified Wood 

Stove Particulate Emissions,” prepared for Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association, February 1, 2012. Docket EPAHQ-OAR-2009-0734. 

26 R. Curkeet and R. Ferguson, “EPA Wood Heater Test Method Variability Study,” prepared for Hearth, Patio and 

Barbecue Association, October 6, 2010. 

27 J. Houck and P. Tiegs, “Residential Wood Combustion Technology Review Volume 1. Technical Report,” 

prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report No. EPA-600/R-98-174a, December 1998. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1244 

Although the observed literature acknowledges a moisture-combustion effect on device emission 

rates, a statistically significant relationship isolating this effect does not appear to have been 

developed. Therefore, wood-burning emissions in the SIP inventories are based solely on the 

moisture-energy content effect described earlier. 

BASELINE	MOISTURE	LEVELS

Having developed estimates of local firewood species and their energy content and identifying 

effects of wood moisture content on effective energy content (or HHV), the next step consisted 

of assembling baseline wood moisture levels for firewood burned in Fairbanks during winter. 

Two primary data sources were used: 

1. Usage splits developed from Fairbanks home heating surveys on fractions of households 

that purchase wood sold commercially vs. those that cut their own wood (Cut group); 

2. Wood moisture measured from the wood-burning homes in the aforementioned CCHRC 

Home Instrumentation study (used to the develop the space heating energy model; and 

3. Moisture measured in experimental wood piles under a second CCHRC study28. 

Wood Source Groups - In each of the residential home heating surveys, residents were asked to 

identify the source of wood used in their home categorized as follows: 

 Buy - those that they purchased commercially; 

 Cut – those that cut their own wood; and 

 Both – those using a mixture of wood they cut themselves and purchased commercially. 

Table 5.6-32 shows the “Wood Source” results tabulated from the home heating surveys. 

Results shown for the 2008 inventory baseline were interpolated from wood source data 

collected in the 2007 and 2010 Home Heating surveys. Data for calendar year 2013 were 

developed from the “Wood Tag” survey. (This survey targeted wood-burning households and 

had roughly twice the sample of wood burning respondents than in each home heating survey). 

Since the fraction of Buy vs. Cut wood sources in households that responded “Both” was not 

known from the surveys, this response was not used. As highlighted at the bottom of Table 5.6-

32, the fractions of Buy and Cut wood source groups from each historical survey were then 

renormalized. 

Once the household fractions within each wood source group were tabulated, separate data 

sources were used to estimate average wood moisture levels within each group. This distinction 

was made to account for the fact that homeowners who cut their own wood tend to be those that 

have built storage sheds with ample capacity and season or dry their wood for longer periods 

than those purchasing wood commercially. 

 

28 “Wood Storage Best Practices in Fairbanks, Alaska,” prepared by Cold Climate Housing Research Center, June 

27, 2011. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1245 

Table 5.6-32 

Fairbanks Residential Survey Wood Source Fractions 

Wood Source 

Group 

2008 Interp.

HH Survey 

2011 

HH Survey 

2012 

HH Survey 

2013 

Tag Survey 

Buy Wood 30.8% 26.7% 36.2% 22.4% 

Cut Own 57.1% 62.1% 49.0% 63.1% 

Both (Buy & Cut) 12.1% 11.1% 14.8% 14.5% 

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 

Normalized, Buy 35.0% 30.1% 42.5% 26.2% 

Normalized, Cut 65.0% 69.9% 57.5% 73.8% 

Cut Group Moisture – As noted earlier, homeowners who cut their own wood (rather than buying 

it commercially) tend to be those who pre-plan and generally have constructed wood storage 

sheds or areas on their property. During the CCHRC Home Instrumentation study, it was 

observed that a number of the wood-burning participants in that study (the Mixed and Wood 

households) appeared to fit this profile of homeowners that cut their wood and had on-site 

storage for it. The moisture content of the wood stacks from each of these Mixed and Wood 

households in the Instrumented study was measured at the time of the instrumentation (Dec 

2010-Feb 2011). 

In the absence of any additional detailed data, it was assumed that the average wood moisture 

content from these 20 households provided a reasonable estimate of the wood moisture for 

homeowners in the Cut group. Table 5.6-33 lists the measured moisture content (dry basis) from 

the wood samples taken from each of these households. Moisture levels ranged from a low of 

17% to a high of 58%, with an average of 26.6% shown at the bottom of Table 5.6-33. 

Half of the measured moisture levels were in the “air dry” range (from 17% to 21%). This is 

consistent with anecdotal evidence noted earlier that homeowners who cut their own wood tend 

to properly store their wood and allow for a drying period of at least several months. And since 

the moisture measurements were taken during mid-winter, they are representative of winter 

season modeling episodes. 

Thus the average moisture content from this sample of 26.6% was assumed to reasonably 

approximate wood moisture for the Cut group of households. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1246 

Table 5.6-33 

Estimated Cut Group Moisture Content 

Based on CCHRC Instrumentation Study Wood Samples 

CCHRC Household ID Moisture Content (%, db) 

1 25% 

2 18% 

3 17% 

4 27% 

5 20% 

6 18% 

7 33% 

8 18% 

9 38% 

10 20% 

21 21% 

22 31% 

23 24% 

24 24% 

25 19% 

26 32% 

27 58% 

28 20% 

29 21% 

30 48% 

Sample Average 26.6% 

Buy Group Moisture – Wood moisture content for the Buy group of wood-burning households 

was developed from CCHR’s “Wood Storage Practices” study. This study consisted of 

experimental development and testing of moisture content different types (wood species) and 

storage/covering practices. Wood was cut and stored at two different points during the year: 

1) Spring Harvest – wood cut in late May, simulating those homeowners that plan ahead 

and allow wood to dry over summer; and 

2) Fall Harvest – wood cut in mid-September, simulating those that wait until fall to cut 

wood for immediate use in winter. 

After each harvest, the wood was stored in different configurations that included a simulated 

wood shed and tarp covered, and uncovered stacks. Both whole log and split log stacks were 

prepared. Moisture measurements were then taken from randomly-selected logs within each 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1247 

stack at different durations after each initial harvest at roughly two month intervals, from 

immediately after stacking to up to 12 months later. 

Table 5.6-34 lists the moisture levels (dry basis) measured by CCHRC for the Spring and Fall 

harvest cuts by storage method, wood type and seasoning period (in months from cut shown in 

green shaded cells above the month each moisture measurement was conducted.). 

Table 5.6-34 

Moisture Content Measurements from CCHRC Wood Storage Practices Study 

Spring Harvest Moisture Content by Sampling Month (%, db) 

Storage Method 

Seasoning Months  0 1.5 3 8 10 12 

Wood and Log Type Late May July Late Aug Jan March May 

Simulated Wood Shed Birch – split 52% 20% 18% 15% 15% 15% 

Simulated Wood Shed Birch – whole) 52% 30% 25% 29% 28% 24% 

Simulated Wood Shed Spruce – split 86% 16% 17% 15% 15% 15% 

Simulated Wood Shed Spruce – whole 86% 28% 21% 23% 24% 17% 

Simulated Wood Shed Aspen – split 76% 26% 20% 15% 15% 15% 

Simulated Wood Shed Aspen – whole 76% 49% 44% 40% 33% 26% 

Tarp Covered Birch – split 49% 21% 20% 15% 15% 15% 

Tarp Covered Birch – whole 49% 28% 31% 32% 29% 25% 

Tarp Covered Spruce – split 86% 22% 22% 35% 27% 18% 

Tarp Covered Spruce – whole 86% 67% 30% 29% 26% 23% 

Uncovered Birch – split 57% 19% 35% 46% 38% 17% 

Uncovered Birch – whole 57% 29% 32% 52% 39% 25% 

Uncovered Spruce – split 77% 17% 19% 15% 15% 15% 

Uncovered Spruce – whole 77% 29% 27% 47% 29% 17% 

Solar Kiln Aspen – split 59% 24% 16% 15% 15% 15% 

Solar Kiln Aspen – whole 59% 38% 32% 34% 31% 27% 

Fall Harvest Moisture Content by Sampling Month (%, db)

Storage Method 

Seasoning Months  0 4 6 8 

Wood and Log Type Mid Sept Jan March May 

Simulated Wood Shed Birch – split 80% 49% 42% 30% 

Simulated Wood Shed Birch – whole) 80% 55% 56% 47% 

Simulated Wood Shed Spruce – split 85% 63% 40% 37% 

Simulated Wood Shed Spruce – whole 85% 77% 72% 51% 

Simulated Wood Shed Aspen – split 83% 63% 51% 34% 

Simulated Wood Shed Aspen – whole 83% 65% 57% 48% 

Tarp Covered Birch – split 78% 63% 70% 49% 

Tarp Covered Birch – whole 78% 67% 62% 57% 

Tarp Covered Spruce – split 92% 117% 101% 84% 

Tarp Covered Spruce – whole 92% 80% 85% 89% 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1248 

Boldface yellow shaded cells in Table 5.6-34 were originally marked as “Dry” by CCHRC. A 

moisture level of 15% was assumed for these measurements. Italicized tan shaded cells denote 

moisture levels interpolated from adjacent measurements that we missing in the original data. 

These data were used to develop separate estimates of Cut group wood moisture for the JanuaryFebruary and November modeling episodes within the SIP inventories by using measured 

moisture levels from each harvest in these months. Before doing so, it was necessary to estimate 

splits in wood use by harvest, log type and storage method. 

In consultation with ADEC, it was assumed that 25% of wood sold commercially was cut in 

spring, with the remaining 75% harvested during fall. Greater weight was given to the fall cut 

due to the short and yearly varying length of the spring wood cutting window, which is affected 

by the timing of the spring thaw and breakup. Summer months exhibit wet, boggy conditions 

that can be worsened by thunderstorms, which makes wood harvesting difficult. Early fall is 

generally when most wood cutting and harvesting occurs, and when commercial wood sellers 

have a better idea of firewood demand for the upcoming winter months. 

Next, the fraction of whole versus split logs was assumed to be evenly divided: 50% whole and 

50% split. Not that these are fractions that reflect the state of the logs over duration they are 

stored in a stack, not the state of logs when burned. (Data collected later under the 2013 Wood 

Purchase survey roughly corroborate this assumption. The resulting composite moisture level is 

not strongly sensitive to the mix between whole and split logs based on the CCHRC 

measurements listed in Table 5.6-34.) 

In addition, to represent a composite estimate of storage method-driven difference in moisture 

content, the “Tarp Covered” values in Table 5.6-34 were used and assumed to represent a midrange wood storage method in terms of its effectiveness in reducing moisture during seasoning. 

(For Aspen, moisture levels were based on the “Simulated Wood Shed” measurements since 

Tarp Covered data were not available for that wood species.) 

Given these weighting/selection assumptions, Table 5.6-35 presents average moisture levels by 

specie (birch, spruce, aspen) for January-February and November, with composites calculated 

across harvest, log type and storage method. For example, the moisture content for birch during 

the January-February period was calculated as follows: 

MCbirch,Jan = 25% × (50% × MCspring,birch,Tarp,Jan,split + 50% × MCspring,birch,Tarp,Jan,whole) + 

 75% × (50% × MCfall,birch,Tarp,Jan,split + 50% × MCfall,birch,Tarp,Jan,whole) 

 = 0.25 × (0.50×15% + 0.50×32%) + 0.75 × (0.50×63% + 0.50×67%) 

 = 54.6% 

The highlighted column in Table 5.6-35 shows the weighted average moisture content for Buy 

group wood across all three wood species for each modeling episode. These averages were 

calculated using the relative usage factors for each species (listed earlier in Table 5.6-30) of 

46.4%, 35.1% and 18.5% for birch, spruce and aspen, respectively. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1249 

Table 5.6-35 

Average Buy Group Moisture Content by Wood Species and Modeling Episode 

Episode Measurement Month(s) 

Moisture Content by Species (%, db) Wtd. Avg.

Birch Spruce Aspen MC (%, db)

Jan-Feb Jan 54.6% 81.9% 54.9% 64.2% 

Nov Interpolation from Aug/Sep and Jan 59.8% 78.7% 62.6% 66.9% 

CALCULATION	OF	MOISTURE	EFFECTS

Once Fairbanks wood-specific energy content and moisture content estimates were developed for 

each type of wood source (Buy vs. Cut), wood moisture effects were calculated by combining 

elements from the preceding sub-sections to produce composite estimates for both the 2008 

Baseline and projected baselines. These calculations are described separately below. 

2008 Baseline – The normalized 2008 Buy vs. Cut wood fractions shown earlier in Table 5.6-32 

(35% and 65%, respectively) were used to represent wood source splits during 2008. (As noted 

earlier, these 2008 splits were interpolated from results tabulated from 2007 and 2010 Home 

Heating surveys). These wood source splits were combined with separate moisture levels 

estimated for each source group (Buy vs. Cut), to generate weighted composite moisture level 

across both source groups as shown below in Table 5.6-36. As seen in Table 5.6-36, the 

composite wood moisture contents (db) for the 2008 Baseline were 39.8% and 40.7% for the 

January-February and November episodes, respectively. The nominally higher moisture content 

in November compared to January-February is due to the fact that wet wood cut earlier in the 

year has less time to season and dry by November compared to the following January-February. 

Table 5.6-36 

Calculation of 2008 Baseline Wood Moisture Effects 

Source Group

Usage 

Fraction 

(%) 

Moisture Content (%, db) 

by Modeling Episode

Jan-Feb Nov 

Buy 35.0% 64.2% 66.9% 

Cut 65.0% 26.6% 26.6% 

Composite 100% 39.8% 40.7% 

Energy Content (EC) 

HHV (BTU/lb) 5,928 5,889 

EC Relative to Energy Model (26.6%, db) 0.906 0.900 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1250 

The last two rows in Table 5.6-36 show the resulting moisture-affected energy content (as HHV 

in BTU/lb) and the energy content (EC) relative to the reference EC on which the earlier 

residential heating energy model is based. The moisture level-specific HHVs were calculated 

using the energy content vs. moisture relationship shown earlier in Equation (4) and Table 5.6-

31. (As explained earlier, the energy model’s reference EC is the same as that of the Cut group 

since that was how the Cut group moisture level was estimated.) These relative ECs highlighted 

in the bottom row of Table 5.6-36 were applied to the BTU estimates generated by the energy 

model to adjust effective heating energy to reflect composite wood moisture levels within each 

episode for 2008 Baseline conditions. 

2015 and 2019 Projected Baselines – As shown earlier in Table 5.6-32, there appears to be a 

general trend toward higher fractions of wood use in the Cut group versus the Buy group, despite 

some year-to-year oscillation. This was confirmed by results tabulated from a parallel effort to 

the 2013 Wood Tag survey called the Wood Purchase survey in which a separate set of over 200 

residential wood-burning households were polled about their wood purchase or self-cutting 

practices. The wood source splits tabulated from the 2013 Wood Purchase survey of 25.6% Buy 

and 74.4% Cut were very similar to those from the Wood Tag survey of 26.2% and 73.8% as 

shown earlier in the rightmost column of Table 5.6-32. This shift toward greater use of self-cut 

wood appears reasonable as heating oil prices have drifted upward in recent years and residents 

become more committed to and plan for use of wood as a secondary heat source. 

As a result, it was assumed that this shift toward a higher fraction of self-cut wood could be 

applied in 2013 and later calendar years and was thus used to represent Buy vs. Cut splits for the 

2015 and 2019 projected baseline inventories. Table 5.6-37 below is similar to that presented for 

the 2008 Baseline and shows the resulting effects of this shift to more cut wood in representing 

wood moisture levels and energy content effects assumed for the 2015 and 2019 projected 

baselines. 

Table 5.6-37 

Calculation of 2015 and 2019 Projected Baseline Wood Moisture Effects 

Source Group

Usage 

Fraction 

(%) 

Moisture Content (%, db) 

by Modeling Episode

Jan-Feb Nov 

Buy 26.2% 64.2% 66.9% 

Cut 73.8% 26.6% 26.6% 

Composite 100% 36.5% 37.2% 

Energy Content (EC) 

HHV (BTU/lb) 6,072 6,041 

EC Relative to Energy Model (26.6%, db) 0.928 0.923 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects 

III.D.5.6-1251 

As shown in Table 5.6-37, projected baseline moisture contents (db) of 36.5% and 37.2% for the 

January-February and November episodes, respectively are nominally lower than those for the 

2008 Baseline. These lower levels are driven by the higher Cut group fraction of drier wood that 

that of the Buy group, highlighted in yellow in Table 5.6-37. They result in commensurate 

nominal increases in energy content relative to the 2008 baseline as shown at the bottom of Table 

5.6-37. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors 

III.D.5.6-1252 

HOME HEATING – OMNI AND AP‐42 EMISSION FACTORS

In support of more robust SIP emission estimates, the Borough and ADEC have sponsored 

several local measurement studies designed to better quantify PM2.5 and related emissions in 

Fairbanks in the winter. A key element of this coordinated effort was the FNSB-sponsored 

study29 of emission factors from residential space heating appliances and fuels, which was 

conducted in 2011 by OMNI-Test Laboratories, Inc. (OMNI). 

The OMNI study provided the first and most comprehensive systematic attempt to quantify 

Fairbanks-specific, current technology-based emission factors from space heating appliances and 

fuels. The laboratory-based emission testing study consisted of 35 tests of nine space heating 

appliances, using six typical Fairbanks fuels. Both direct PM emissions and gaseous emission 

precursors of PM (SO2, NOx, VOC and NH3) were measured, along with PM elemental profiles. 

All emission tests were conducted at OMNI’s laboratory in Portland, Oregon. Supporting solid 

fuel, liquid fuel, and bottom ash analyses were performed by Twin Ports Testing, Southwest 

Research Institute (SwRI), and Columbia Analytical Services, respectively. PM profiles of 

deposits on Teflon filters from dilution tunnel sampling were analyzed by the Research Triangle 

Institute using XRF, ion chromatography, and thermal/optical analysis. 

This section focuses on how Alaska-specific emissions data from the OMNI study data were 

used to complement EPA’s more generic AP-42 Compilation of Emission Factors database for 

space heating sources. As described in detail in the following sub-sections, the overall approach 

consisted of using the Fairbanks-specific OMNI emission factor data, where available and 

reasonable. Where OMNI measurement data were not available, AP-42 emission factors were 

used. 

EMISSION	FACTORS	FOR	WOOD‐BURNING	DEVICES

The main focus of the OMNI study was wood burning appliances and fuels because of their 

apparent significant contribution to PM2.5 in the Fairbanks nonattainment area. Specific wood 

burning space heaters were selected for testing by OMNI either because they represented popular 

conventional models in interior Alaska or more advanced models, such as newer EPA-certified 

wood stoves and EPA-qualified phase 2 Outdoor Wood Hydronic Heaters (OWHHs), that are 

expected to be representative of future trends. Additionally, one pellet heater was tested. In all, 

20 of OMNI’s 35 tests were conducted on wood-fired units. 

OMNI’s wood burning tests used fuel loadings and test protocols generally as prescribed by EPA 

Method 28 and related EPA sampling methods. However, to provide the most realistic 

representation of Alaskan wood burning, split cordwood was used, rather than “crib wood” (i.e., 

dimensional lumber) as prescribed in the test method. In addition, OMNI used White Spruce and 

Paper Birch (with bark), the two most common cordwood fuels in Fairbanks, rather than the 

Douglas Fir prescribed in the test method. Locally produced Alaska wood pellets were used for 

the pellet heater. 

 

29 “Measurement of Space Heating Emissions,” OMNI-Test Laboratories, Inc., May 23, 2013. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors 

III.D.5.6-1253 

OMNI’s emission factor results are expressed in various forms, including emissions per kg of 

dry wood (similar to AP-42 emissions factors). However, testing was performed using 

representative Fairbanks fuel samples with as-received moisture levels. More specifically, the 

cordwood and other solid fuels tested by OMNI were collected in Fairbanks under typical fuel 

storage conditions and preserved to maintain moisture levels prior to their use in testing. In 

addition, solid fuels were tested for moisture content by OMNI immediately prior to each test. 

EPA test procedures were used as the basis for OMNI’s emission testing, with adaptations as 

needed to improve the representativeness of testing or its practicality. (OMNI’s study report 

provides more details.) EPA Method 28 was followed for solid fuel loadings and test duration. 

However, Method 28 specifies four different firing rates for each device, in effect requiring four 

different tests for each appliance/fuel combination and then weighting the results to obtain both 

annual and heating season average emission values. Unfortunately, this ideal approach of 

conducting four tests for each appliance/fuel combination was not affordable for Fairbanks due 

to the size of Alaska’s required appliance/fuel test matrix. 

The solution for Fairbanks was to conduct Method 28 testing for each appliance/fuel at either 

“low” firing rate or “low” and “max” firing rates only. The “low” firing rate was defined to be a 

nominal rate of 35% of maximum load. This load was selected by FNSB for two reasons. First, 

it is very close to and only slightly above the heating season average weighted load for a Method 

28 test, which is 34%. Second, it is very close to, and only slightly below, the center of the range 

for the most frequent (i.e., most heavily weighted) mode of the Method 28 test, which is 

Category 3. (This Category has a firing rate of 25–50% of maximum, and it is weighted at 0.450 

for the heating season average, i.e. it accounts for nearly half of the firing during the heating 

season.) By also including a maximum firing rate where practical (corresponding to Category 4 

of Method 28), the Borough attempted to capture both the average (g/kg) emission factor 

(primarily for emission inventory purposes) and the maximum or near maximum (g/hr) emission 

rate for other evaluation purposes (e.g. estimation of near-field impacts from individual sources). 

OMNI’s study included limited testing to characterize the effect of cold starts, but to date the 

results of those tests have not been sufficient to quantify the cold start effect. (Because the data 

were limited, only an indirect estimate could be made of cold start using results from several 

runs. These data suggest cold starts may add up to 15% to the total PM2.5 emissions, but 

additional testing with a more direct sampling method would be required to confirm this result.) 

Therefore, Alaska’s wood burning and other space heating emission factors, like AP-42 factors, 

do not include a cold start effect. Recent survey data from Fairbanks suggest that ignoring this 

effect may be less serious in Fairbanks than locations outside of Alaska because the vast majority 

of Fairbanks households that burn wood are more than occasional burners (in a 2012 survey, 

only 9% of wood burners described their usage as “occasional”); rather, they tend to burn out of 

economic necessity and very regularly, essentially every day in most cases. In addition, as with 

cold start test attempts, OMNI performed limited testing to characterize the effectiveness of a 

solid fuel stove catalytic retrofit device, but those test results too were inconclusive. 

Comparison of OMNI and AP-42 Representativeness - In contrast to the appliances and fuels 

selected for their representativeness of Fairbanks in winter and used in the OMNI study, the 

emissions studies of residential wood burning that underlie EPA’s AP-42 average emission 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors 

III.D.5.6-1254 

factors include, by design, a broad spectrum of devices, fuels, and conditions. Among the 

variables reflected in the more than 150 studies relied upon by AP-42 are appliance types, 

models, ages, and technologies; fuel types (including many wood, coal, and oil types that are 

either uncommon or not used at all in Fairbanks); fuel conditions (e.g., moisture content), and 

form factors (crib vs. cordwood); these reflect test methods and field test conditions that are used 

throughout North America under a much wider variety of circumstances (not all of which are 

necessarily appropriate for Alaska). These and other features of the OMNI and AP-42 testing are 

summarized in Table 5.6-38. 

An element not directly compared in Table 5.6-38 is measurement of particle size in reporting 

PM emission test results. While not correct, total PM, PM10, and PM2.5 are often used 

interchangeably. As noted by Houck30 (2008), AP-42 states “PM-10 is defined as equivalent to 

total catch by EPA method 5H train.” Most inventories treat the AP-42 values as either PM10 or 

PM2.5 and essentially equivalent to each other. Research into the size distribution of particles 

from a certified catalytic model showed that PM10 averaged about 88% of the total particulate 

catch and PM2.5 averaged about 80%; similar research with a certified non-catalytic model 

showed that PM10 averaged about 94% and PM2.5 about 92% of the total catch.31 OMNI’s 

reported test results are size-segregated PM2.5 measurements. As noted above, AP-42 published 

rates do not distinguish particle size. 

As a compendium of generic emission factors, AP-42 is both relatively large in scope and a 

reliable information resource. However, there are several and serious technical challenges to 

applying the AP-42 average emission factors to Fairbanks wood burning. One of the first 

problems is lack of geographic specificity. AP-42 does not specify the exact mix of wood types 

that were used for its testing, but it is known from reviews of AP-42 that they are not dominated 

by either Paper Birch or White Spruce, the two most common types in Fairbanks. Furthermore, 

the current woodstove population and technology in Fairbanks and represented in the OMNI 

study is almost certainly newer than the AP-42 database. This is true not only because the AP-42 

database tends to be much older, but also because wood burning in Fairbanks has increased 

sharply in recent years due to escalating heating oil prices and some of the nation’s highest home 

heating costs (average about $3,700/year). This means (and recent ADEC-sponsored telephone 

surveys tend to support) that the Fairbanks wood burning device population has not only a higher 

fraction of certified wood burning devices, but also more of the newest (and lowest-emitting) of 

the certified devices. Finally, while many of the AP-42 wood appliance tests were reportedly 

conducted under “field conditions,” presumably using representative wood moisture levels for 

those locations and seasons, we do not know whether the fuel moistures and firing rates in those 

tests were representative of Fairbanks in winter. In the case of OMNI’s testing, OMNI and the 

Borough took steps to ensure the representativeness of Fairbanks fuel samples and the 

preservation of sample moisture prior to testing. In addition, OMNI measured and reported the 

fuel moisture levels (except for liquid fuels) before each test, and they used appropriate heating 

season average (and selected maximum) firing rates. 

 

30 J.E. Houck, et al., “Emission Factors for New Certified Residential Wood Heaters,” presented at EPA’s 17th

Annual International Emissions Inventory Conference, June 2008, 

http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei17/session4/houck.pdf. 31 McCrillis, R.C., Wood Stove Emissions: Particle Size and Chemical Composition, U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2000, EPA-600/R-00-050. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors 

III.D.5.6-1255 

Table 5.6-38 

Comparison of OMNI Heating Device Testing and AP-42 Emission Factors 

Features OMNI Test Program AP-42 

Geographic 

Representation 

Testing specific to interior Alaska 

appliances/fuels/winter conditions; 

Testing designed to be representative of 

average emissions nationwide 

Currency 

2011 test program, supported by 

concurrent usage and measurement data 

(fuel type & moisture, in-use stack 

temperature monitoring, etc.) 

Pertinent sections of AP-42 date from 

October 1996 or earlier; 

references dated 1972-2001 

Appliances 

“Conventional” and “advanced” wood 

stoves and outdoor hydronic heaters; 

pellet stove; coal stove; auger-fed coal 

OHH; fuel and waste oil burners (total: 9 

appliances) 

Large number and variety of appliances 

Sample Size 35 tests conducted More than 150 studies; hundreds of tests 

Fuel Selection 

Paper Birch & White Spruce (most 

common Fairbanks woods); locally 

produced wood pellets; Usibelli (Alaska) 

coal; local #1& #2 fuel & waste oil 

Wide variety consistent with nationwide 

averages (hardwood dominates in most 

states) 

Fuel Moisture 

Wood fuels sampled in Fairbanks in 

winter with typical seasoning & moisture; 

samples preserved for testing; wood 

sampled for moisture prior to testing; 

resulting EFs reported “dry basis” (db) 

Varies by study (“equilibrium wood 

moisture” varies by local condition); 

resulting AP-42 EFs understood to be db, 

but not reported explicitly; wood heater 

field studies report 24% avg (db) 

Sampling Methods 

EPA “Other Test Method 27” for PM2.5

(in accordance with EPA proposed 

changes to method 201A); other EPA 

methods for gases 

Wide variety of primarily EPA methods; 

most commonly reported as Method 5H or 

“5H equivalents” 

Fuel Loadings: 

 Wood 

 Liquid Fuels 

 Coal 

Method 28 for wood fuel amounts & 

handling but used Alaskan cord woods 

rather than Douglas Fir crib wood; 

No EPA test method; followed 

manufacturers’ operating instructions; 

extended test duration to collect sufficient 

PM for analysis 

No EPA test method for stoves; followed 

manufacturers’ operating instructions 

Fuel loadings & form factor vary by study 

(AP-42 predates Method 28) 

Firing Rates 

OMNI targeted 35% & max firing rates 

(OMNI’s “low” and “high” firing 

generally corresponds to Method 28 

categories 3&4, respectively; category 3 

is predominant mode for “winter season 

heating”) 

Varies by study; may be skewed toward 

“higher than average in-home burn rate” 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors 

III.D.5.6-1256 

One important limitation of the OMNI test program was the number of tests, which was limited 

by budget constraints to 35. This is far less than the AP-42 sample, which may number in excess 

of 1,000 tests. However, unlike AP-42, all of the OMNI tests used Alaska-specific fuels and the 

appliances tested were specifically chosen by OMNI to represent the Alaskan appliance 

population. Thus, there is a tradeoff between sample size, which favors using AP-42 emission 

factors, and data specificity, which favors the available OMNI test results. 

A second limitation of the OMNI testing was the lack of replicate tests. However, this was 

partially compensated by the study design, which provided for multiple tests of individual 

appliances using different fuels and firing rates. 

Summary of OMNI Test Results - As shown in Figure 5.6-30 and Figure 5.6-31, the OMNI 

study design allowed for suspected systematic variations in emissions to be tested and 

documented, and the observed patterns in the test results give confidence about the repeatability 

of testing. The figures show not only that EPA-certified wood stoves and EPA-qualified 

OWHHs emit about 70% less and 84% less PM2.5 than their non-certified/nonqualified 

counterparts, but also that the patterns of reductions are similar for each fuel and firing rate. 

Figure 5.6-30 

PM2.5 Emission Factors from OMNI Testing for 

Conventional (left) & EPA-Certified (right) Wood Stoves by Wood Species and Firing Rate 

Several apparent deviations from a completely systematic variation, such as higher Spruce vs. 

Birch emissions for the non-qualified OWHH in Figure 5.6-31, are discussed further in the 

OMNI report29. It should also be noted that the figures each show simple averages across the set 

of high and low firing rate tests. 

12.4

21.8

4.8

0.9

8.2

1.1 1.9

0.6

0

10

20

30

Birch Low Birch High Spruce Low Spruce High Birch Low Birch High Spruce Low Spruce High

PM2.5 Emission Factor (lbs/ton dry fuel)

Conventional Wood Stove EPA-Certified Wood Stove

Average

9.96 lbs/ton

Average

2.94 lbs/ton

70%

Reduction
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors 

III.D.5.6-1257 

Figure 5.6-31 

PM2.5 Emission Factors from OMNI Testing for 

Non-Qualified (left) & EPA-Qualified (right) OWHHs by Wood Species and Firing Rate 

Based on the greater specificity and applicability to Fairbanks and the greater amount of current 

supporting detail available, the OMNI emission factors were selected for use in the Fairbanks 

PM2.5 SIP to represent average emissions from residential wood burning units, except for 

fireplaces (which OMNI did not test). In particular, the average PM2.5 emission factors for “low” 

firing rate tests of birch and spruce were used to characterize the average emission factors for 

conventional woodstoves and outdoor hydronic heaters, advanced (i.e., more modern) EPAcertified woodstoves, EPA phase 2 qualified OWHHs; and results from OMNI testing with 

locally produced Alaska wood pellets were used to characterize pellet stoves. The low firing rate 

tests were used to develop the SIP emission factors because the low firing rate (35% of 

maximum) was close to that of the winter season average Method 28 firing rate of 34% as 

explained earlier and based on local evidence suggesting wood burning devices tend to have their 

air dampers set at a low/mostly closed position to extend burn durations of a fuel load (e.g. to 

avoid waking up at night to add more wood to a stove). 

The birch and spruce test results were weighted together based on splits in commercial timber 

sales within the Borough obtained from the Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division 

of Forestry. These relative splits were 52% birch, 6% spruce and 42% aspen. (The normalized 

relative splits between birch and spruce were 90% and 10%, respectively). 

8.8

11.9

25.7

10.9

5.3

1.6 1.6

0.8

0

10

20

30

Birch Low Birch High Spruce Low Spruce High Birch Low Birch High Spruce Low Spruce High

PM2.5 Emission Factor (lbs/ton dry fuel)

"Nonqualified" OWHH* EPA-Qualified OWHH

Average

14.3 lbs/ton

Average

2.32 lbs/ton

84%

Reduction
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors 

III.D.5.6-1258 

EMISSION	FACTORS	FOR	OIL‐FIRED	DEVICES

The vast majority of households in Fairbanks have central oil furnaces and, according to recent 

telephone survey data, about two-thirds of the residential heating in Fairbanks (BTU basis) is by 

central oil burning systems. Therefore, despite its relatively low PM emissions factor compared 

to wood, testing of a central heater with Nos. 1 and 2 heating oils (used in Fairbanks in about a 

1:3 ratio) and of a waste (motor) oil-fired space heater were included in OMNI’s test program. 

The same suite of pollutants was sampled for oil burners as for wood, but the key pollutant of 

interest for oil burners was SO2, due to both the much higher concentration of sulfur found in oil 

and the predominance of oil burning in Fairbanks. EPA’s emission factor guidance document, 

AP-42, states: “On average, more than 95% of the fuel sulfur is oxidized to SO2, about 1 to 5 

percent is further oxidized to sulfur trioxide (SO3), and 1 to 3 percent is emitted as sulfate 

particulate.” According to EPA’s PM2.5 SIP guidance, SO2 is presumed to be a precursor of 

secondary PM2.5. Thus, oil burning appliances may contribute to both primary and secondary 

PM2.5 sulfate in the atmosphere. 

Samples of Nos. 1 and 2 fuel oil and waste oil sample were collected by FNSB staff, analyzed 

for OMNI by SwRI, and found to have sulfur contents of 896, 2566, and 3020 ppm by weight, 

respectively as shown in Table 5.6-39. Also shown in the table are three alternative SO2

emission factors (Columns 1–3), all of which are in units of grams of SO2 emitted per kg of oil 

burned. 

Table 5.6-39 

Fuel Sulfur and SO2 Emission Factors for Three Fairbanks Oil Samples 

Fuel 

ppm Sulfur 

(by weight) 

from SwRI 

Alternative SO2 Emission Factors: 

(grams of SO2 per kg of fuel burned) 

Column 1 

Range, assuming 

95-100% of fuel S 

emitted as SO2

Column 2 

All fuel S Emitted as 

SO2 except as measured 

in reduced form on 

PM2.5 filters by XRF 

Column 3 

EF from OMNI 

SO2 (and other) 

measurements 

No. 1 Fuel Oil 896 1.70 - 1.79 1.77 1.25 

No. 2 Fuel Oil 2,566 4.88 - 5.13 5.12 2.10 

Waste Motor Oil 3,020 5.74 - 6.04 5.93 4.76 

Column 1 shows the range of emission factors based strictly on the SwRI-measured sulfur 

contents and on the 95-100% S to SO2 conversion rate for oil combustion documented in AP-42. 

Column 2 shows the corresponding emission factor based on 100% oxidation of sulfur but after 

first subtracting the PM reduced, elemental sulfur contributions on OMNI’s PM filter samples 

(measured by Research Triangle Institute). These data are confirmatory regarding the SO2
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors 

III.D.5.6-1259 

fraction in that they fall within the range anticipated based on AP-42. The third column shows 

an independent measure of the SO2 emission factor by OMNI, although in this case, the EFs for 

all three oils are below the levels anticipated based on fuel sulfur content, suggesting these 

measurements are suspect. The precise reason for the lower values in OMNI’s SO2

measurement-based factors is not known, but it is recognized that the latter approach is a more 

complex estimate because it requires accurate calibration and measurement of not only SO2 in 

the dilution tunnel, but also the same for a tracer gas in both the hot appliance stack and the 

dilution tunnel, along with accurate alignment of all measurement traces. 

Two final points are worth noting with respect to oil combustion emission factors. First, the 

emission factors for SO2 and SO3 shown in AP-42’s Table 1.3-1 imply a slightly higher 

proportion of fuel S emitted as SO2 for residential furnaces (98.9%) than for other fuel burning 

sources. This is consistent with and lends credence to the relatively high SO2 fractions (i.e., 

small PM correction) observed from the OMNI/SwRI/RTI measurements. Second, the oil 

burners were designed for and emission tested by OMNI at a single firing rate (there were no 

firing rate issues such as occurred with the wood burning appliances). 

Based on the above findings, it was concluded that the simplest and most consistent emission 

factor for SO2 is that derived from the direct fuel sulfur based method as reflected in AP-42. 

Accordingly, application of the fuel sulfur based method with 100% SO2 oxidation and using the 

SwRI fuel sulfur measurements for oil, has been assumed in developing the Fairbanks SIP 

emissions inventory. By comparison, the emission factor measurement of SO2 by OMNI is more 

complicated and may be less reliable than the above method. Furthermore, considering the 

closeness of the OMNI PM sulfur adjusted values (column 2) to the 100% S conversion based 

EFs (upper range limit of Column 1), the latter were used for the SIP-based inventory without 

adjustment for sulfur in the PM. 

EMISSION	FACTORS	FOR	COAL‐BURNING	DEVICES

In addition to wood and oil fuels, OMNI emission tested Alaskan (Usibelli) subbituminous coal 

(wet, dry, lump, and stoker) in several residential heaters. Currently, coal is not widely used as a 

residential heating fuel in Fairbanks, and no EPA source test methods exist for residential coal 

stoves. The only AP-42 emission factor data available are from testing of much larger coal-fired 

boilers. 

Under contract to OMNI, Twin Ports Testing (TPT) analyzed Alaskan coal samples that had 

been collected by Borough staff, stored in sealed drums to maintain moisture, and then shipped 

and stored by OMNI for use in testing. TPT reported that lump and stoker coal have sulfur 

content of 0.086 and 0.101 weight % S (dry basis), respectively. Fuel moisture contents for the 

eight coal test charges measured by OMNI immediately prior to testing ranged from 11.20–

33.50%. 

With regard to PM2.5 emissions, coal emission factors were (unlike cordwood emission factors) 

somewhat variable, depending upon the device tested, wet vs. dry fuel, fuel form factor, firing 

rate, and other test conditions. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI and AP-42 Emission Factors 

III.D.5.6-1260 

For lack of any information from AP-42 on residential coal burning, emission factors used to 

develop the Fairbanks inventory were taken from the OMNI test results, using the average of all 

valid tests at low firing rate (which is close to the expected heating season average firing rate). 

EMISSION	FACTORS	FOR	OTHER	POLLUTANTS

In addition to measuring PM2.5 and SO2, OMNI also measured and developed emission factors 

for VOC, CO, NO, NO2, NOx, and NH3 for all wood-burning devices and oil furnaces. For 

those cases where the OMNI study has provided more specific and applicable measurements 

than what is available from AP-42, Sierra has recommended the use of the former, with the two 

exceptions of SO2 (discussed above) and VOC. For VOC, OMNI’s measurements and emission 

factor are presented on a carbon mass-basis, whereas AP-42 shows mass emissions for TOC, 

methane, TNMOC, selected organic species, PAHs, and more. Absent more detailed information 

about the C-mass fraction of both sources, comparison of the VOC emission factors is 

problematic. Thus no attempt was made to compare OMNI’s emission factors with those in AP42, nor consider substitution of the OMNI EF’s for those in AP-42. 

SIP INVENTORY	EMISSION	FACTORS

Table 5.6-40 and Table 5.6-41 provide tabulations of the emission factors used to estimate space 

heating emissions for the SIP inventories. These tables respectively show emission factors for 

wood-burning (in lbs/ton) and for other heating types (in lbs/1000 gals). The first column in 

each table lists the device type/technology. The next seven columns list the emission factors for 

VOC, NOx, SO2, primary PM10 and PM2.5, NH3 and CO. 

The last column in each table lists the data source(s) and, in several cases, provides additional 

details about the emission factor calculations. Further details are provided in the footnotes to 

individual emission factor entries. Highlighted cells in each tables show emission factor entries 

that are based on OMNI results. Unshaded cells refer to “default” AP-42 based emission factors 

that were used where OMNI data were not available or insufficient. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI 

III.D.5.6-1261 

Table 5.6-40 

Emission Factors for Wood-Burning Devices (lbs/ton) - EPA Method 5H Except Where Noted (OMNI Factor

Device and Technology VOC NOx SO2 PM10 PM2.5 NH3 CO Data Source

Fireplace, no insert 229.0 2.6 0.4 34.6 34.6 1.832 252.6 AP-42, Table 1.9-1; for SO2, OMNI fuel S for 

Fireplace insert, 

non-EPA certified 53.0 2.8 0.4 30.6 30.6 1.7 230.8 Assumed equal to uncertified woodstove EFs 

Fireplace insert, 

EPA-certified, non-catalytic. 12.033 2.033 0.433 12.0 12.0 0.933 140.833 AP-42, Table 3 for PM EFs www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch01/related/wood

Fireplace insert, 

EPA-certified catalytic 15.033 2.033 0.433 13.0 13.0 0.933 107.033 AP-42, Table 3 for PM EFs www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch01/related/wood

Woodstove, 

non-EPA certified 53.0 1.4 0.4 11.6034 11.6034 0.379 115.8 AP-42, Table 1.10-1 for VOC&SO2; others use 

conventional wood stove, spruce & birch, low f

Woodstove, 

EPA-certified, non-catalytic 12.0 1.5 0.4 7.5734 7.5734 0.239 118.1 AP-42, Table 1.10-1,assmd Phase II (1990 stds

OMNI runs 5&6 for birch & spruce; EPA (non-

Woodstove, EPA-certified, 

catalytic 15.0 1.5 0.4 8.4034 8.4034 0.239 118.1 same as immediately above, except OMNI avgs 

of cat to non-cat (16.2/14.6) 

Pellet Stove, exempt 2.435 4.0 0.32 2.96 2.96 0.072 9.9 AP-42, Table 1.10-1for VOC; all others OMNI 

which is based on dry pellet S content from OM

Pellet Stove, EPA-certified 2.435 4.0 0.32 2.96 2.96 0.072 9.9 AP-42, Table 1.10-1for VOC; all others OMNI 

which is based on dry pellet S content from OM

Hydronic Heater, weighted 

80/20 45.4 1.5 0.4 9.43 9.43 0.233 57.9 80% / 20% weighting of OWB unqualified&OW

Hydronic Heater, 

Unqualified 53.0 1.4 0.4 10.5534 10.5534 0.261 52.836 EPA/NY for VOC&SO2; others use avg of OM

&spruce, low firing rate OMNI dry S content fo

Hydronic Heater, Phase 1 12.0 2.1 0.4 9.30334 9.3034 0.120 102.7

set rates for VOC to those for woodstoves; othespruce & birch, EPA qualified OWHH, low firiphase 1&2 ratio;SO2 based on OMNI content o

Hydronic Heater, Phase 2 15.0 2.1 0.4 4.9434 4.9434 0.120 78.01

set rates for VOC to those for woodstoves; othespruce & birch, EPA qualified OWHH, low firiratio for phase 1&2;SO2 based on OMNI S con

32 NH3 EF from Pechan “Estimating Ammonia Emissions from Anthropogenic Non-Agricultural Sources”, Draft Final Report, April 2004. 33 No separate EF data for this pollutant; assumed equal to corresponding certified woodstove EFs from AP-42. 34 Entries reflect weighting of spruce and birch EFs from wood-specific OMNI tests based upon spruce vs. birch sales split from US Forest Serv35 From http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/pdfs/EPA_stove_emis_reduct.pdf, converted from kg/tonne to lbs/ton. 36 CO is lower limit because instrument pegged. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Home Heating – OMNI 

III.D.5.6-1262 

Table 5.6-41 

Emission Factors for Other Devices (lbs/1000 gal except where noted, OMNI Factors in Highlig

Other Heating Types VOC NOx SO2 PM10 PM2.5 NH3 CO Data Sourc

Central Oil (Wtd #1 & #2), 

Residential 0.713 11.2 30.7137 0.457 0.457 0.024 0.448 AP-42 Table 1.3-1 for VOC; OMNI fuel S con

run#17,SwRI for fuel (lower) heating value,AP

Central Oil (#1 distillate), 

Residential 0.713 11.2 12.7238 0.457 0.457 0.024 0.448 AP-42 Table 1.3-1 for VOC; OMNI fuel S con

SwRI for fuel (lower) heating value,AP-42 for 

Central Oil (#2 distillate), 

Residential 0.713 11.2 36.4439 0.457 0.457 0.024 0.448 AP-42 Table 1.3-1 for VOC;OMNI fuel S con

SwRI for fuel (lower) heating value,AP-42 for 

Central Oil (Wtd #1 & #2), 

Commercial 0.713 18 30.716 0.457 0.457 0.024 0.448 AP-42 Table 1.3-1 for NOx; for all others, assu

Portable Heater: 43% 

Kerosene & 57% Fuel Oil 0.713 18 30.716 0.4 0.4 0.024 0.4 EFs for portable heaters w. kerosene/fuel oil #

(#2); all except SO2, NH3 and CO, assumed sa

Direct Vent 0.713 11.2 12.72 0.5 0.5 0.024 0.4 EFs for DV w. #1 assumed equal to central oil 

except SO2, NH3 and CO assumed same as abo

Natural Gas-Residential 5.5 94 0.6 1.9 1.9 20 40 AP-42 Tables 1.4-1 & 1.4-2 for all but NH3; E

Natural Gas-Commercial, 

small uncontrolled 5.5 100 0.6 1.9 1.9 20 40 AP-42 Tables 1.4-1 & 1.4-2 for all but NH3, E

Coal Boiler 10 4.7 9.340 8.0 8.0 1.266 130.6 AP-42 Table 1.1-19 for VOC, (w. Usibelli S c

for other, coal stove, wet & dry stoker & lump 

Waste Oil Burning 1 52.2 36.97 5.2 5.2 0.036 12.4 AP-42 Table 1.11-1 for VOC; all others OMN

42 for No. 2 fuel oil density 

37 Assumes fuel S content of 2,163 ppm by weight; reflects approximate 76/24 split of #2/#1 per information from Polar & Sourdough Fuels; AD38 Assumes S content of 896 ppm of #1from SWRI analysis of Fairbanks fuel sample as reported by OMNI Labs. 39 Assumes S content of 2566 ppm of #2 from SWRI analysis of Fairbanks fuel sample as reported by OMNI Labs. 40 Assumes coal S content of 0.3% by weight per www.Usibelli.com/coal_data.asp . 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details 

III.D.5.6-1263 

SPACE HEATING – EMISSION CALCULATION DETAILS

Home heating (and commercial space heating) emissions were calculated in a manner that 

optimized the use of locally-collected survey data, in-use device activity and fuel use 

measurements, and emission factor data that were described in detail in the preceding sections of 

this technical appendix. This section of the appendix explains how these local data were used in 

conjunction with the Fairbanks space heating energy model to generate estimates of pollutant 

emissions used in the episodic inventories. Thus, a key element in these emission inventory 

calculations consisted of utilizing spatially- and temporally-resolved data or relationships based 

on them to generate gridded, day and hour-specific estimates of space heating emissions over the 

modeling domain. 

These calculations were performed in a series of complex “Space Heating” spreadsheets with the 

following filename convention: 

G3C_SpHtArea_YYYYFCase_11Tag_Episodes.xlsm 

Where YYYY is the inventory year (2008, 2015 or 2019) and Case refers to whether the estimates 

represent the baseline (Base) or the projected baseline (PB), the latter under which additional 

logic regarding activity growth and other factors is applied. 

(These spreadsheets and all other inventory data files are summarized later in the “Emission 

Inventory Data Files” sub-section within this appendix and are available by request from the 

Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation.) 

ENERGY	MODEL	IMPLEMENTATION

The first step in building the Space Heating emission calculation spreadsheets consisted of 

loading in the Fairbanks Home Heating Energy Model in order to compute needed household 

heating energy as a function of device/fuel mix, building size, average daily ambient temperature 

and day type (weekday vs. weekend). The Coeffs tab in the spreadsheet contains the daily and 

hourly energy model coefficients listed earlier in Table 5.6-7 and Table 5.6-8. 

The energy model is then implemented within the HtEnergy tab to calculate heating energy by 

modeling grid cell for each of the 1.33 km square cells across the modeling domain based on the 

number of residential households in each cell determined from block-level 2010 U.S. Census 

data (and grown forward or backward to each inventory year based on population projections). 

The summed space heating energy over all households in each grid cell was calculated separately 

by day and hour for each based on ZIP code-specific winter season energy use splits by 

device/fuel type developed the 2011 Home Heating Survey. 

Table 5.6-42 (identical to Table 5.6-28 shown earlier) shows these winter season energy use 

splits by ZIP code. Those device/fuel types highlighted in Table 5.6-42 represent those for 

which space heating energy use is estimated from the energy model. (Their normalized subtotals 

are also shown near the bottom of Table 5.6-42.) 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details 

III.D.5.6-1264 

Table 5.6-42 

Winter Season Energy Use Splits by ZIP Code for Energy Model Input 

Fuel Group Device/Fuel Type 

Pct. of Winter Season Energy Use by ZIP Census 

99701 99703 99705 99709 99712 99775 Wtd. Avg.

WoodBurning 

1 – Stoves 7.65% 23.37% 20.75% 21.19% 21.92% 11.50% 17.67%

2 – Fireplaces 0.49% 0.03% 0.77% 0.99% 0.03% 0.03% 0.62%

3 – OWBs 1.95% 1.15% 7.58% 3.69% 1.58% 1.15% 4.41%

OilBurning 

4 - Central Oil 78.98% 60.66% 63.64% 65.06% 62.49% 84.42% 66.20%

5 - Direct Vent Heat 3.19% 3.40% 4.11% 5.92% 10.60% 1.78% 6.14%

Portable Heaters 1.41% 0.83% 1.56% 0.56% 0.85% 0.36% 1.24%

Natural Gas Natural Gas Heat 5.46% 9.99% 1.12% 1.21% 1.71% 0.63% 2.79%

Coal Coal Heaters 0.58% 0.13% 0.45% 0.30% 0.77% 0.13% 0.52%

Electric Electric Heat 0.29% 0.42% 0.01% 1.08% 0.05% 0.01% 0.41%

Instrumented Study Subtotals 92.26% 88.62% 96.86% 96.86% 96.62% 98.87% 95.04%

Totals 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Space heating energy use for those device/fuel types not highlighted (Portable Oil Heaters, 

Natural Gas, Coal and Electric Heat) was estimated from their Home Heating Survey-based 

splits shown in Table 5.6-42 in proportion to their Survey-based energy use outside the energy 

model. For example, if per-household energy use for a grid cell in ZIP code 99701 (Fairbanks) 

was 500,000 BTU/day for devices accounted for by the energy model (listed as devices 1 

through 5 in Table 5.6-42), then per-household heating energy from coal devices would be 

estimated as (0.58% × [500,000 ÷ 92.26%]) = 3,143 BTU/day. 

These calculations are performed within the context of the gridded modeling inventories in a 

manner in which space heating energy use is not calculated by individual device (or household), 

but rather based on the total number of households in each grid cell and the average device/fuel 

usage splits across all surveyed households within each ZIP code. For ZIP codes not included in 

the Home Heating Survey (which sampled households only within the non-attainment area), the 

Census weighted average splits in the rightmost column of Table 5.6-42 were used. 

Another element considered in calculating space heating energy use by episode day and hour for 

each grid cell was the use of occupied vs. total (which includes occupied and vacant households) 

households counts from the 2010 Census. Based on discussions with Borough staff, wood and 

coal burning energy use was calculated based on occupied households, while energy use for 

other devices/fuel was based on total (occupied and vacant) households. The central assumption 

here was that thermostatically-controlled devices (central oil, natural gas) would still be operated 

at some lower heating level to ensure interior pipes and other infrastructure would not freeze and 

crack. No adjustment was estimated to account for the lower heating level for these devices in 

vacant households. 

Finally, parcel level GIS data developed by the Borough from tax assessment data was used to 

calculate the average building size (in heated interior area) separately for both residential and 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details 

III.D.5.6-1265 

commercial parcels within each grid cell. These average building sizes for each grid cell were 

required to drive the energy model calculations (along with average daily temperature, device 

usage mix and day type). 

APPLICATION	OF	ENERGY‐SPECIFIC	EMISSION	FACTORS

The next step in the calculation of space heating emissions consisted of converting the device 

and technology specific emission factors presented earlier in Table 5.6-40 and Table 5.6-41 from 

pounds emitted per fuel use unit to pounds emission per unit energy (i.e., pounds per million 

BTU or lb/mmBTU). This conversion was necessitated by two factors: 

1. BTU-Based Energy Model - The energy model was configured to predict space heating 

energy use (in BTUs), rather than fuel use across all of the devices. (This made it easier 

to utilize relative energy use splits calculated from the Home Heating Survey to augment 

energy use estimates for device not addressed directly within the energy model.) 

2. Treatment of Wood Moisture Effects – Unlike other fuels used for space heating, the 

effective or “heating” energy of wood is directly related to its moisture content as 

discussed earlier in the “Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects” 

section. The space heating emission calculation workflow (and adjustments for wood 

moisture) was made much simpler by starting with emission factors for wood devices 

assuming zero or oven dry moisture content and then applying a multiplicative 

adjustment that accounted for the heating energy effect as a function of moisture content. 

(This also made the process for calculating future inventories reflecting either trends in 

moisture content or effects from planned or adopted control measures more 

straightforward.) 

The emission factor conversions were performed by dividing fuel specific energy content 

presented earlier in Table 5.6-26 (in BTU/fuel unit) into the pound per fuel unit emission factors 

in Table 5.6-40 and Table 5.6-41. For example, the PM2.5 emission factor for residential heating 

oil (with mix of #1 and #2 oil) from Table 5.6-41 of 0.457 lb/1000 gal was divided by the energy 

content for heating oil (with the #1 and #2 mix) of132,000 BTU/gal (or 132 mmBTU/1000gal) 

listed in Table 5.6-26 to yield and energy-specific emission factor of 0.000346 (3.46 × 10-3) 

lb/mmBTU. 

Table 5.6-43 and Table 5.6-44 present the results of these emission factor conversions for all 

wood and non-wood burning devices and technologies, respectively. As noted above, energyspecific wood burning emission factors in Table 5.6-43 are represented on an over dry or 0% 

moisture basis. In both tables, highlighted cells refer to emission factors based on local 

device/fuel measurements from the OMNI Labs testing study; AP-42 factors were used for 

pollutant/device combinations in un-highlighted cells. SCC codes and assumed net heating 

efficiencies for each device are also shown in both tables. Although the heating efficiencies 

were not used in calculating baseline emissions, they are used later in Control inventory 

calculations where efficiency were accounted for in scenarios where heating devices are replaced 

by other device, such as switching from wood to heating oil. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details 

III.D.5.6-1266 

Table 5.6-43 

Heating Energy-Specific Emission Factors for Wood-Burning Devices (lbs/mmBTU), 

Oven Dry (0%) Moisture Basis (OMNI-Based Factors in Highlighted Cells) 

Device and Technology SCC Code 

Heating 

Efficiency 

Emission Factors (lb/mmBTU) 

VOC NOx SO2 PM10 PM2.5 NH3 CO 

Fireplace, no insert 2104008100 7% 13.237 0.150 0.023 2.000 2.000 0.104 14.601

Fireplace insert, 

non-EPA certified 2104008210 40% 3.064 0.162 0.023 1.769 1.769 0.098 13.341

Fireplace insert, 

EPA-certified, non-catalytic. 2104008220 66% 0.694 0.116 0.023 0.694 0.694 0.052 8.139

Fireplace insert, 

EPA-certified catalytic 2104008230 70% 0.867 0.116 0.023 0.751 0.751 0.052 6.185

Woodstove, 

non-EPA certified 2104008310 54% 3.064 0.085 0.023 0.714 0.714 0.023 7.129

Woodstove, 

EPA-certified, non-catalytic 2104008320 68% 0.694 0.095 0.023 0.466 0.466 0.015 7.274

Woodstove, EPA-certified, 

catalytic 2104008330 72% 0.867 0.095 0.023 0.517 0.517 0.015 7.274

Pellet Stove, exempt 2104008410 56% 0.139 0.247 0.020 0.182 0.182 0.004 0.612

Pellet Stove, EPA-certified 2104008420 78% 0.139 0.247 0.020 0.182 0.182 0.004 0.612

Hydronic Heater, weighted 

80/20 2104008610 43% 2.624 0.095 0.023 0.581 0.581 0.014 3.563

Hydronic Heater, Unqualified 2104008610 43% 3.064 0.087 0.023 0.650 0.650 0.016 3.253

Hydronic Heater, Phase 1 2104008610 43% 0.694 0.127 0.023 0.573 0.573 0.007 6.321

Hydronic Heater, Phase 2 2104008640 43% 0.867 0.127 0.023 0.304 0.304 0.007 4.804

Table 5.6-44 

Heating Energy-Specific Emission Factors for Other Devices (lbs/mmBTU) 

(OMNI-Based Factors in Highlighted Cells) 

Device and Technology SCC Code 

Heating 

Efficiency

Emission Factors (lb/mmBTU) 

VOC NOx SO2 PM10 PM2.5 NH3 CO 

Central Oil (Wtd #1 & #2), 

Residential 2104004000 81% 5.40E-03 8.46E-02 2.33E-01 3.46E-03 3.46E-03 1.86E-04 3.39E-03

Central Oil (#1 distillate), 

Residential 2104004000 81% 5.70E-03 8.94E-02 1.02E-01 3.65E-03 3.65E-03 1.96E-04 3.58E-03

Central Oil (#2 distillate), 

Residential 2104004000 81% 5.15E-03 8.07E-02 2.63E-01 3.30E-03 3.30E-03 1.77E-04 3.23E-03

Central Oil (Wtd #1 & #2), 

Commercial 2103004001 81% 5.15E-03 1.30E-01 2.22E-01 3.30E-03 3.30E-03 1.77E-04 3.23E-03

Portable Heater: 43% Kerosene 

& 57% Fuel Oil 2104004000 81% 5.20E-03 1.31E-01 2.24E-01 2.92E-03 2.92E-03 1.79E-04 3.27E-03

Direct Vent 2104007000 81% 5.70E-03 8.94E-02 1.02E-01 3.65E-03 3.65E-03 1.96E-04 3.58E-03

Natural Gas-Residential 2104006010 81% 5.42E-03 9.26E-02 5.91E-04 1.87E-03 1.87E-03 1.97E-02 3.94E-02

Natural Gas-Commercial, small 

uncontrolled 2103006000 81% 5.42E-03 9.85E-02 5.91E-04 1.87E-03 1.87E-03 1.97E-02 3.94E-02

Coal Boiler 2104002000 43% 6.54E-01 3.08E-01 6.08E-01 5.22E-01 5.22E-01 8.27E-02 8.53E+00

Waste Oil Burning 2102012000 n/a 7.22E-03 3.77E-01 2.67E-01 3.76E-02 3.76E-02 2.63E-04 8.97E-02

n/a – Not available 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details 

III.D.5.6-1267 

In applying these energy-specific emission factors in the Space Heating calculation spreadsheets, 

it was necessary to apply additional usage splits or allocations for each of the technologies listed 

in Table 5.6-43 and Table 5.6-44. For example, to calculate separate emission estimates for 

wood devices burning cordwood versus pellets and to allocate the splits of uncertified and 

certified wood stoves and inserts. Table 5.6-27 and Table 5.6-29 presented earlier in the “Home 

Heating - Residential Surveys” section contain these cordwood/pellet and uncertified/certified 

device splits. 

Notwithstanding wood moisture adjustments discussed separately in the next sub-section, space 

heating emissions were then calculated within each grid cell (by day and hour) by multiplying 

the total BTUs by device in the cell by the device and technology-specific energy emission 

factors listed in Table 5.6-43 and Table 5.6-44. 

The emission calculations for each grid cell were performed with the Emis tab in the Space 

Heating calculation spreadsheets. 

WOOD	MOISTURE	ADJUSTMENT	CALCULATIONS

As explained earlier in the “Home Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects” 

section, wood moisture effects were accounted for using a linear relationship of heating BTUs 

vs. moisture content. This adjustment was necessary in calculation of 2008 Baseline and 2015 

and 2019 Projected Baseline space heating emissions because of trends in average moisture 

content developed from survey data as described in that earlier section. Thus, with emission 

factors for wood devices expressed on a lb/mmBTU oven dry basis, it was relatively 

straightforward to apply the moisture adjustments, given an “input” or assumed average moisture 

level across all grid cells. 

The Moisture tab in the Space Heating emission calculation spreadsheets contains the wood 

moisture content adjustment calculations based on the methods described in the earlier “Home 

Heating – Fairbanks Wood Energy and Moisture Effects” section. It also accounts for the fact 

that wood use measurements (and heating energy estimates developed from them embedded in 

the Home Heating Energy Model are associated with a specific wood moisture content of 26.6% 

(on a dry basis). Thus, the energy estimates from the model had to be adjusted to an oven dry 

basis from this 26.6% “reference” moisture level. In addition, the Moisture tab also includes an 

adjustment to account for the difference between the assumed wood energy content when the 

energy model was developed (6,053 BTU/lb) and that developed later in the SIP inventory 

process from the aforementioned 2013 Wood Tag Survey (6,413 BTU/lb at the 26.6% reference 

moisture level). 

COMMERCIAL	SPACE	HEATING	EMISSIONS

Due to differences in energy efficiency, ceiling heights and overall building size the residential 

Home Heating Energy Model was not used to estimate space heating energy use and emissions 

within commercial buildings. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details 

III.D.5.6-1268 

Instead commercial sector heating energy was calculated based on an estimate of commercial 

building space energy intensity in Alaska provided by CCHRC.41 CCHRC compared an energy 

model they developed using the ASHRAE “Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low Rise 

Residential Buildings” Standard 90.1. Using the ASHRAE minimum standard (referred to as 

ECB) our Research Testing Facility, which is primarily office space, CCHRC found an energy 

intensity of about 89,000 BTU/ft2

/yr for its office building in Fairbanks. 

Looking at the 2003 US Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) published 

by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, commercial building energy loads in Climate 

Zone 1 (Alaska) CCHRC found the most representative estimate to be 90,690 BTU/ft2/yr, which 

closely agrees with the estimate for their own office building. This CBECS value of 90,690 was 

assumed to best represent average annual heating energy intensity of commercial structures in 

Fairbanks. 

To use this annual intensity within the episodic inventory, the average of number of heating 

degree days (HDD) referenced to 65°F in Fairbanks was estimated to be 14,274 HDD based on 

data compiled for Fairbanks International Airport by Weather Underground42. Dividing this 

local HDD into the annual commercial building intensity for Fairbanks yields an estimate of 6.35 

BTU/HDD/ft2. This HDD-normalized building energy intensity was then used to calculate 

commercial heating energy demand within each grid cell. This was done by summing the total 

building space of all commercial structures within each grid cell developed from parcel-level 

Assessor data supplied by the Borough and then multiplying by the daily HDD for each day in 

the historical modeling episodes and the HDD-normalized intensity as follows: 

Energyx,y = 6.35 BTU/HDD/ft2 × HDDi ×Buildings ×Avg Size (ft2) 

Where: 

Energyx,y is the total commercial building heating energy estimated for grid cell (x,y) on episode 

day i (in BTU/day), HDDi is the heating degree days for day i (referenced to 65F), Buildings

represent the number of commercial structures in the grid cell and Avg Size is the average 

commercial building size (in ft2

). 

These daily estimates for each grid cell were then apportioned to hourly values using an average 

hourly energy use profile for oil-heating devices within the energy model (assuming commercial 

building are similarly thermostatically controlled). 

Commercial space heating energy use was assumed to be allocated to two fuel types: 1) heating 

oil; and 2) natural gas. Based on usage data compiled for Fairbanks under the aforementioned 

“Big 3” inventory study a split of 98% oil and 2% natural gas was assumed. The commercial 

device emission factors for oil and natural gas heating shown earlier in Table 5.6-44 were then 

used to compute commercial space heating emissions within each grid cell. 

 

41 Email from Colin Craven, Cold Climate Housing Research Center, April 27, 2009. 

42 www.degreedays.net (using temperature data from www.wunderground.com) 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Space Heating – Emission Calculation Details 

III.D.5.6-1269 

CALCULATION	WORKFLOW

Given the calculation complexity of the Space Heating emission spreadsheet, it was set up in a 

manner in which the following “inputs” were specified in two shaded cells within the Emis tab: 

 Scenario – Either “FBASE” for final 2008 baseline or “PB” for projected baseline, which 

triggered different logic used to calculate baseline emissions or project emissions to 

future years that included adjustments for trends in moisture level from the 2008 baseline 

and in natural turnover of uncertified wood stoves and inserts. 

 Calendar Year – The inventory calendar year (2008, 2015 or 2019). 

A Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) program written within the spreadsheet was then used to 

cycle through and calculate emissions for each day of the two modeling episodes. When 

emissions for each day were calculated within the Emis tab, they were translated to data 

structures in two other sheets in formats required by the SMOKE inventory processing model 

and then exported by the VBA program to external fixed-length ASCII files for subsequent input 

to SMOKE. In addition, emission estimates were automatically copied by the VBA program to a 

series of tabulation sheets (e.g., DevTabs, ZipTabs, GridTabs, DevSumOut) as calculations were 

being performed for each episode day. 

USE	OF	EPISODIC	EMISSIONS	IN	SMOKE MODEL

As explained in greater detail in Appendix III.D.5.8, a re-written version of the SMOKE Version 

2.7.1 was used to provide space heating emissions to the pre-processor model on an episodic day 

and hour basis. Although the SMOKE model as originally written allowed point source 

emissions to be input by individual day and hour, area source emission categories (such as space 

heating) had to be temporally allocated using a combination of monthly, weekday and hourly 

profiles that would have lost the individual day- and hour-specific resolution reflected in the 

calculation of space heating emissions. 

In short, the source code was modified in several locations to allow SMOKE to utilize space 

heating emission inputs by day and hour identically to its handling of episodic point source 

emissions. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1270 

OTHER AREA SOURCES

Emission contributions from other area sources in Fairbanks during winter are relatively modest 

compared to those from space heating. As a result, the methods used to estimate emissions for 

all other sources within the area source sector (besides space heating) were less complex. 

However they still relied on local data where it was available, rather than national defaults or a 

“top-down” approach. 

This section of the technical appendix describes the data sources and methods used to estimate 

emissions from other non-space heating sources within the area source sector, beginning with the 

primary data source, a criteria pollutant inventory developed under an earlier ADEC study.43

FAIRBANKS	CRITERIA	POLLUTANT	INVENTORY

The referenced ADEC study, referred to as the “Big 3” inventories consisted of the development 

of pollutant emission estimates for the three most populous counties in the state: the Municipality 

of Anchorage, Fairbanks North Star Borough and Juneau Borough. The Big 3 inventories were 

developed for calendar years 2002, 2005 and 2018 using a combination of 2002 base year data 

and growth/control forecasts for 2005 and 2018. The inventories encompassed all source sectors 

(point, area, on-road, non-road) and the following criteria pollutants: VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, NH3, 

PM10, and PM2.5. For each calendar year, annual emissions as well as winter and summer 

seasonal emissions were developed. The seasonal estimates reflected six-month winter (October 

through March) and summer (April through September) daily averages based on seasonal 

activity profiles developed using local data where available. 

For use in this PM2.5 SIP inventory, SCC-level summer and winter season emission estimates 

were extracted from National Emission Inventory (NEI) Input Format (NIF) spreadsheet 

structures developed under the Big 3 study to allow ADEC to submit data to support the NEI. 

Only area source SCC records for were extracted for the Fairbanks Borough in calendar year 

2005, the nearest year to the SIP inventory 2008 base year. 

Figure 5.6-32 and Figure 5.6-33 show the county-wide 2005 Fairbanks winter and summer 

average day estimates, respectively for area sources extracted by SCC from the Big 3 inventory. 

Records shaded in gray reflect those SCC’s related to space heating. Since space heating 

emissions were estimated separately under the SIP inventory, these records were excluded from 

the Other Area Source portion developed from the earlier Big 3 inventory. 

Although summer and winter emissions are shown, only the winter estimates were used to 

support the episodic inventories. Summer estimates (and annual averages developed from the 

winter and summer seasonal emissions) were utilized to support the “planning” inventories in the 

SIP. Summer estimates are included here to illustrate what are significant seasonal differences 

for certain source categories (e.g., wildfires and fugitive dust). 

 

43 L. Williams, et al., “Criteria Pollutant Inventory for Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau in 2002, 2005 and 2018,” 

prepared for Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Sierra Research Report No. SR2009-02-01, 

February 2009. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1271 

Figure 5.6-32 

2005 “Big 3” Inventory Fairbanks Area Source Emissions (tons/day) by SCC, Average Wint

Figure 5.6-33 

2005 “Big 3” Inventory Fairbanks Area Source Emissions (tons/day) by SCC, Average Summ

Source SCC VOC CO NOx SArea SourcesStationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total: Boilers and IC Engines 2103006000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All Combustor Types 2104004000 0.037 0.260 0.935 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Waste oil, Total 2102012000 0.000 0.003 0.011 

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Residential Furnaces 2104006010 0.001 0.006 0.013 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total: All Combustor Types 2104007000 0.001 0.003 0.024 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Total: Woodstoves and Fireplaces 2104008000 2.381 6.181 0.089 Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: Fugitives 2294000000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: Fugitives 2296000000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Industrial Processes, Petroleum Refining: SIC 29, Asphalt Paving/Roofing Materials, Total 2306010000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Architectural Coatings, Total: All Solvent Types 2401001000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial, Asphalt Application: All Processes, Total: All Solvent Types 2461020000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Spillage 2501060102 0.004 0.000 0.000 Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Controlled 2501060103 0.377 0.000 0.000 

Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Working Loss, Gasoline 2501000120 0.021 0.000 0.000 Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Breathing Loss, Gasoline 2501995120 0.042 0.000 0.000 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, Total 2810001000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Structure Fires, Total 2810030000 0.009 0.108 0.003 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Firefighting Training, Total 2810035000 0.000 0.000 0.000 

Winter Emiss

Source SCC VOC CO NOx SArea SourcesStationary Source Fuel Combustion, Commercial/Institutional, Natural Gas, Total: Boilers and IC Engines 2103006000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Distillate Oil, Total: All Combustor Types 2104004000 0.013 0.089 0.319 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Industrial, Waste oil, Total 2102012000 0.000 0.000 0.000 

Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Natural Gas, Residential Furnaces 2104006010 0.001 0.003 0.024 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Total: All Combustor Types 2104007000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion, Residential, Wood, Total: Woodstoves and Fireplaces 2104008000 0.403 1.065 0.015 Mobile Sources, Paved Roads, All Paved Roads, Total: Fugitives 2294000000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mobile Sources, Unpaved Roads, All Unpaved Roads, Total: Fugitives 2296000000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Industrial Processes, Petroleum Refining: SIC 29, Asphalt Paving/Roofing Materials, Total 2306010000 0.000 0.020 0.006 Solvent Utilization, Surface Coating, Architectural Coatings, Total: All Solvent Types 2401001000 1.322 0.000 0.000 Solvent Utilization, Miscellaneous Non-industrial: Commercial, Asphalt Application: All Processes, Total: All Solvent Types 2461020000 0.007 0.000 0.000 Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Spillage 2501060102 0.038 0.000 0.000 Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Controlled 2501060103 0.444 0.000 0.000 

Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Working Loss, Gasoline 2501000120 0.021 0.000 0.000 Storage and Transport, Petroleum and Petroleum Product Storage, All Storage Types: Breathing Loss, Gasoline 2501995120 0.041 0.000 0.000 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Forest Wildfires, Total 2810001000 19.392 412.071 8.840 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Structure Fires, Total 2810030000 0.009 0.108 0.003 Miscellaneous Area Sources, Other Combustion, Firefighting Training, Total 2810035000 0.000 0.000 0.000 

Summer Emis
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1272 

(Though not shown in Figure 5.6-32 and Figure 5.6-33, annual average daily emissions were 

calculated assuming 182-day winter and 183-day summer seasons.) 

Source-Specific Big 3 Study Methodologies - Generally speaking, the emissions for the area 

source sector in the Big 3 inventory were developed by combining seasonally-adjusted local 

activity estimates with AP-42 emission factors. Excerpts from the Big 3 study report describing 

these data sources and methods are provided below. Thus it also includes discussions of 

Anchorage and Juneau elements that were also addressed under the earlier study and provide 

insight into local data and methods collected for each area, although only Fairbanks elements 

were utilized for this SIP inventory. 

Fugitive Dust (Paved and Unpaved Roads) – Emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 in the form of 

fugitive dust from paved and unpaved roads were estimated for the boroughs of Anchorage, 

Fairbanks, and Juneau. Calendar year 2002 roadway miles of unpaved roads, along with the 

associated vehicle miles traveled (VMT), were estimated from local data and discussions with 

state and local agency staff. Paved roadway VMT was estimated by subtracting the unpaved 

road VMT from the total borough VMT.4445 Calculations for both paved and unpaved road 

emissions were based on current procedures (circa 2003) in EPA’s AP-42 report.46 A discussion 

of the procedures, data sources, and inventory results follows separately for unpaved and paved 

roads. 

AP-42 Emission Factor Equations – The equation in AP-42 for estimating particulate emissions 

from “dry” (no precipitation) unpaved publicly accessible roads dominated by light-duty vehicles 

is given as follows. 

C

M

k s S E   0.2

0.5

( / 0.5)

( /12)( / 30) (6) 

Where: 

E is the dry emission factor in lb/VMT; 

k is a particle size empirical constant (1.8 for PM10, 0.27 for PM2.5); 

s is the surface material % silt content; 

M is the surface soil % moisture content; 

S is the mean vehicle speed in miles per hour (mph); and 

C is the 1980’s motor vehicle particulate emission factor in lb/VMT (0.00047 for PM10, 

0.00036 for PM2.5).47

 

44 Discussions with DOT&PF confirmed that the total VMT is the best estimate of VMT from all road types—paved 

and unpaved—in the Borough. 

45 Communication with Jeff Roach, Transportation Planner, Fairbanks Office, Department of Transportation and 

Public Facilities (DOT&PF), June 2005. 

46 “AP-42, Fifth Edition, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area 

Sources,” Section 13.2.1-13.2.2 Paved and Unpaved Roads, Environmental Protection Agency, December 2003. 47 The previous versions of the unpaved and paved road emission factor equations in AP-42 included exhaust, brakewear and tire-wear emissions from vehicles in the 1980 calendar year fleet. These emissions are now estimated as 

part of the on-road mobile emissions and have decreased since 1980 due to lower new vehicle emission standards 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1273 

Alaska-specific factors were used in Equation C

M

k s S E   0.2

0.5

( / 0.5)

( /12)( / 30) (6) as much as possible 

for estimating unpaved road emissions for the three boroughs. For the surface material silt 

content, 15% was used, which was the average from samples collected on unpaved streets in the 

Mendenhall Valley for a 1988 PM10 inventory prepared by Engineering Science48 for EPA. The 

soil moisture content used in this analysis was 1.1% – the average found for measured unpaved 

roads in EPA Region 10.49 Based on discussions with the City of Fairbanks and the City and 

Borough of Juneau, the mean vehicle speed on unpaved roadways was estimated at 25 mph. 

Unfortunately, no estimate for mean vehicle speed on unpaved roadways was available from 

Anchorage; therefore, the 25 mph estimate was used for all three boroughs. 

The fugitive dust emissions estimated using Equation (6) reflect the average “dry” conditions of 

unpaved roads in a given area. That is, the natural mitigating effect of precipitation would need 

to be considered as any increase in moisture reduces the level of emissions from the roads. In 

order to account for the natural precipitation that controls fugitive dust in the local areas, the dry 

emission factor E is adjusted using the following equation from AP-42: 

Eunpaved  E   (N  p) / N (7) 

Where: 

Eunpaved is the final unpaved roads emission factor adjusted for natural mitigation in 

lb/VMT; 

N is the total number of days in the study period (182 for summer and 183 for winter); and 

p is the number of days in the study period with at least 0.01 inch of precipitation 

(precipitation days). 

Locality-specific precipitation days for Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau were derived from the 

monthly averages available from the Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC).50 The WRCC 

keeps records for days per month with measurable precipitation (at least 0.01 inch) for the three 

boroughs and has monthly averages over the last 50 years. Table 5.6-45 shows the average 

seasonal WRCC precipitation data for Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau. 

 

 

and new fuel specifications. Therefore, this was subtracted from the AP-42 paved and unpaved road fugitive dust 

emissions in order to prevent double counting of emissions. 

48 “PM10 Emission Inventories for the Mendenhall Valley and Eagle River Areas,” prepared for the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency by Engineering Science, EPA Contract Co. 68-02-4398, Work Assignment 7, 

February 1988. 

49 C. Cowherd, Jr., et al., “Improved Activity Levels for National Emission Inventories of Fugitive Dust from Paved 

and Unpaved Roads,” Presented at the 11th International Emission Inventory Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, April 

2002. 

50 Average Number of Days with Measurable Precipitation for Alaska, Historical Climate Information, Western 

Regional Climate Center website, http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/htmlfiles/ak/ak.01.html, Updated to 2004. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1274 

Table 5.6-45 

Days/Season with at Least 0.01 Inch of Precipitation 

County/Borough Winter Summer 

Anchorage 54 

(stays on ground) 61 

Fairbanks 50 

(stays on ground) 57 

Juneau 117 106 

After discussions with ADEC staff and a review of the average winter temperatures in the area, it 

was concluded that the precipitation occurring in Fairbanks and Anchorage during the winter 

keeps fugitive dust under control during the entire season. This effect is not seen in Juneau, 

however, where the temperate climate prevents the snow and ice to remain covering the 

roadways during the season. 

Similar to unpaved roads, fugitive emissions from paved roads take into account road surface 

properties, traffic conditions, and climate for natural mitigation. The AP-42 equation which 

considers all these factors for estimating paved road emissions is: 

C   N p N sL W E k paved (4 )/ 4

2 3

0.65 1.5

















   

 



 



 



  (8) 

Where: 

Epaved is the final unpaved roads emission factor adjusted for natural mitigation in lb/VMT; 

k is a particle size empirical constant (0.016 for PM10 and 0.004 for PM2.5); 

sL is the road surface silt loading in g/m2

; 

W is the average weight of vehicle traveling the road in tons; 

C is the 1980s motor vehicle particulate emission factor in lb/VMT (0.00047 for PM10, 

0.00036 for PM2.5); 

N is the total number of days in the study period (182 for summer and 183 for winter); and 

p is the number of days in the study period with at least 0.01 inch of precipitation. 

Equation C   N p N sL W E k paved (4 )/ 4

2 3

0.65 1.5

















   

 



 



 



  (8) is analogous to the combination of 

Equations C

M

k s S E   0.2

0.5

( / 0.5)

( /12)( / 30) (6) and E E  N p N unpaved  (  ) / (7) for fugitive dust from 

unpaved roads. However, Equation (8) includes a factor of “4” in the natural precipitation 

mitigation effects because paved roads dry quicker than unpaved roads after precipitation events. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1275 

The road surface silt loading for the paved roads in the three boroughs were based on paved road 

samples collected from different roadway facility types in Anchorage between March and 

August of 1996.51 These silt loading values as applied to the summer and winter seasons are 

shown in Table 5.6-46. The average weight of the vehicle traveling on the roads was set to 2.0 

tons, which was used for the Mendenhall Valley paved roads in the 1988 Engineering Science 

report for EPA.52 The days per season with measurable precipitation (at least 0.01 inch) were 

those shown earlier in Table 5.6-45. 

Table 5.6-46 

Seasonal Paved Roads Silt Loading (g/m2) by Facility Type 

Facility Winter Summer 

Interstate/Major Arterial 2.6 20.4 

Minor Arterial 1.1 6.7 

Collector 2.9 9.4 

Local Roads 4.7 18.4 

Both the paved and unpaved road emissions are expressed on a per VMT basis (lb/VMT). 

Therefore, VMT levels for the paved and unpaved roadways in the three boroughs needed to be 

estimated as explained in the following paragraphs. 

2002 Paved Roadway Activity and Data Sources - The total daily VMT for a road is calculated 

as the product of the annual average daily traffic (AADT) and the roadway length in miles (VMT 

= AADT × Road Length). The traffic data necessary to estimate the VMT from the paved and 

unpaved roads for the three boroughs vary in scope and detail, and a variety of methods were 

used to estimate VMT for the paved and unpaved roads. First, the total daily VMT for all roads 

were estimated for each borough. The VMT and associated emissions for unpaved roads was 

then estimated using the unpaved road mileage and estimated AADT. Lastly, the VMT for 

unpaved roads was subtracted from the total borough VMT, and the remaining VMT was used to 

estimate emissions from the paved roads. 

The average calendar year 2002 daily VMT data for the boroughs of Anchorage and Fairbanks 

were obtained from the Municipality of Anchorage (MOA)53 and the Alaska Department of 

Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT&PF)54, respectively. The total daily VMT for 

 

51 “Identification, Quantification, and Control of PM-10 Sources in Anchorage,” prepared by Midwest Research 

Institute for the Municipality of Anchorage, April 15, 1999. 

52 The paved road silt loadings used in this analysis are different from those used in the 1988 Engineering Science 

report prepared for the Mendenhall Valley, which applied national average default values in AP-42. Since the silt 

loading measurements taken in Anchorage represent locally derived, state-specific measurements, these Anchorage 

silt loadings were used for all three boroughs. 

53 Communication with Steve Morris, Environmental Quality Program Supervisor, Environmental Services 

Division, Municipality of Anchorage Department of Health & Human Services, May-June 2005. 

54 Communication with Margaret Carpenter, Planner, Fairbanks Office, Department of Transportation and Public 

Facilities (DOT&PF), May 2005. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1276 

Anchorage was developed by combining the estimates of travel for the urban nonattainment area, 

Eagle River, and Chugiak. In addition, VMT estimates for Girdwood and the rest of the 

Turnagain Arm areas and Eklutna were developed using data and traffic activity assumptions 

from MOA. Estimated 2002 travel and average speed by facility type in Fairbanks were 

obtained from ADOT&PF for the entire borough. For Juneau, the 2002 VMT and average speed 

estimates by facility type were developed by extrapolating average daily travel and speed data 

obtained from ADOT&PF-monitored roadways to the rest of the network and adjusting 1999 and 

2004 VMT estimates to 2002 levels using yearly population data for the Borough. 

Table 5.6-47 shows the 2002 total daily VMT for each borough. Seasonal VMT adjustments 

were available for Fairbanks to estimate winter VMT (average factor of 0.92). However, no 

seasonal factors were available for Anchorage and Juneau, and the average annual daily VMT 

was used for both the summer and winter seasons for these two boroughs as a conservative 

approach.55

Table 5.6-47 

2002 Total Daily VMT by Borough 

County/Borough VMT 

Anchorage 3,286,323 

Fairbanksa 1,869,833 

Juneau 742,815 

a Winter VMT are about 92% lower. 

Unpaved Roadway VMT - The travel on unpaved roads in each borough was estimated using a 

variety of data sources. Table 5.6-48 summarizes the data sources, unpaved roadway miles and 

VMT estimated for each borough. For Anchorage and Fairbanks, unpaved road VMT was 

collected for the summer only because winter precipitation and the presence of snow and ice 

completely mitigates fugitive dust from all roads during the winter season. The more temperate 

climate in Juneau results in fugitive dust emissions year-round. The nature of the data obtained 

and the means by which the VMT were estimated are summarized separately by borough below. 

Anchorage - MOA staff were contacted to obtain unpaved roadway data for 2002. Several 

sources of information were provided. First, the 1999 Midwest Research Institute (MRI) PM10

Inventory report56,57 contained the best estimate of the 2002 roadway data and inventory of 

unpaved road emissions within the nonattainment area. In addition, MOA provided a 1987 

conformity analysis for the Eagle River PM10 nonattainment area, and a 2002 estimate of 

 

55 Communication with Steve Morris at MOA indicated that their winter on-road mobile inventory analyses involve 

using the annual average VMT as a conservative, worst-case scenario. 

56 “Identification, Quantification, and Control of PM-10 Sources in Anchorage,” prepared by Midwest Research 

Institute for the Municipality of Anchorage, April 15, 1999. 

57 In order to apply the PM10 estimates to the seasons defined in this analysis, the emissions for October through 

November were estimated as the winter average, while the emissions for March through April were estimated as the 

summer average. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1277 

unpaved road VMT in the area was derived from interpolating between the projected 2000 and 

2003 estimate included in the analysis. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1278 

Table 5.6-48 

2002 Unpaved Road VMT and Data Sources 

County/ 

Borough Data Source Facility Type 

Unpaved 

Road Miles 2002 VMT 

Anchorage 

1999 PM10 Inventory Local 93.0 45,000 

Eagle River PM10 Conformity Local 0.21 82 

Eagle River/Chugiak Road Inventory Local 25.3 9,861 

MOA Girdwood/Turnagain Arm/ 

Eklutna Estimate Local n/aa 1,068 

ALL TOTAL 118.5+ 56,011 

Fairbanks 

DOT&PF 

Minor Arterial 31.7 2,360 

Minor Collector 26.6 6,594 

Local 293.1 25,556 

City of Fairbanks Minor Arterial 2.4 179 

Local 4.9 424 

City of North Pole Local 0.4 36 

FNSB 

Major Collector 20.1 20,054 

Minor Collector 240.6 59,681 

Local 140.4 12,213 

ALL TOTAL 760.1 127,097 

Juneau 

DOT&PF Local 2.4 424 

CBJ Local 12.4 2,178 

ALL TOTAL 14.9 2,601 

a

 VMT was estimated directly without generating estimated miles. 

For the Eagle River and Chugiak areas that are outside the PM10 area, MOA provided a copy of 

the local road inventory, which lists the roads, road miles, and surface conditions. VMT for 

these roads were estimated by using an AADT of 390 vehicles per day derived from the unpaved 

roadways in the Eagle River PM10 conformity analysis. Lastly, MOA provided a means of 

estimating the unpaved road VMT from Girdwood and the rest of the Turnagain Arm and 

Eklutna using 2000 Census Bureau populations for these smaller communities and the entire 

borough.58 The resulting unpaved roadway VMT estimated for the entire borough totaled 56,011 

miles per day, all of which occur on gravel roads.59

Fairbanks – The 2004 pavement data were obtained from ADOT&PF, which included a listing 

of the roadways in the borough, along with “paved” or “unpaved” designations.60 As 2002 data 

were not available, ADOT&PF staff indicated that the 2004 pavement data are a good estimate 

of the miles of unpaved roads in the borough and that minimal paving has occurred between 

 

58 Per discussion with Steve Morris of MOA, the following equation was used to estimate unpaved road VMT for 

Girdwood/Turnagain Arm/Eklutna (GTE): unpaved GTE VMT = (rest of borough unpaved average daily 

VMT)*(GTE population/borough population)*2. 

59 Per Steve Morris of MOA, all unpaved roadways are gravel. 

60 Communication with Kathleen Ramage, Road Network Service Manager, Division of Program Development, 

Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT&PF), May 2005. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1279 

2002 and 2004. The listing included all DOT&PF-maintained roads in the borough as well as 

unmaintained public roads and some roads maintained by other agencies (cities and the 

borough). Discussions with ADOT&PF revealed that the pavement road data are up to date for 

the ADOT&PF-maintained roadways, but that the information on roads maintained by other 

agencies may be outdated. 

In order to supplement the ADOT&PF pavement data, the City of Fairbanks,61 City of North 

Pole,62 and the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB)63 were contacted for their 2002 unpaved 

roadway data. The City of Fairbanks provided 2002 roadway data, while the City of North Pole 

and FNSB provided current 2004/2005 roadway conditions data. However, both the City of 

North Pole and FNSB indicated that there have been minimal changes in the miles of unpaved 

roads between 2002 and 2004/2005 and that the current data are the best estimates for 2002 

unpaved roadway miles available. The street names and descriptions in the data from the cities 

and the borough were compared to the streets in the ADOT&PF pavement data, and duplicate 

roadways were removed from the ADOT&PF roadway mileage in order to make sure no overlap 

or double counting occurs. Because ADOT&PF indicated that its information on roads 

maintained by other agencies might be outdated, more credence was given to the city and 

borough roadway data on whether a street is “paved” or “unpaved” when the information 

conflicted with that from ADOT&PF. A total of about 760 miles of unpaved roadways was 

found for Fairbanks, all of which consists of gravel or aggregate roads.64 

VMT data were not readily available for remaining roads in the borough. Limited VMT and 

annual AADT information were obtained for some of the Fairbanks roads in the 2004 pavement 

data from the 2003 annual average daily traffic records available from ADOT&PF.65 Using the 

2003 traffic data, estimates for AADT for 100 miles of DOT-managed unpaved local roads, 

minor arterials, and minor collectors were found. For these, the 2003 AADT data were adjusted 

to 2002 levels using a 3.4% annual VMT growth rate, which is the average VMT growth rate for 

the entire borough for the last three years obtained from ADOT&PF. The estimated 2002 AADT 

levels were then used for the unpaved local roads, minor arterials, and minor collectors with no 

AADT data. However, in addition to these three roadway facilities, the borough had unpaved 

major collectors that did not have AADT data from ADOT&PF. In order to estimate the VMT 

for unpaved major collectors, an annual AADT level of 1,000 vehicles was estimated by FNSB 

staff.66 The AADT levels by facility type used to estimate VMT for the unpaved roadways in 

Fairbanks are shown in Table 5.6-49. Application of these AADT levels resulted in a total 

unpaved roadway VMT of 127,097 miles per day for the borough. 

 

 

61 Communication with David Jacoby and David Weaver, City of Fairbanks, June 2005. 

62 Communication with Jim Remitz, City Engineer, City of North Pole, May 2005. 63 Communication with Trent Mackey, Fairbanks North Star Borough, May-June 2005. 64 Due to climate and other roadway conditions in Fairbanks, all unpaved roads need to have at least gravel or 

aggregate, per discussions with FNSB, City of Fairbanks, and City of North Pole. 

65 2003 Northern Region Traffic Volume Data Files, Alaska Highway Data, Alaska Department of Transportation 

and Public Facilities website, http://www.dot.state.ak.us/stwdplng/highwaydata/traffic.shtml#traffic_data, July 2004. 66 Communication with Trent Mackey, Fairbanks North Star Borough, May-June 2005. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1280 

Table 5.6-49 

2002 AADT by Facility for Unpaved Roads in Fairbanks 

Unpaved Facility Type AADT Source 

Major Collectors 1,000 FNSB 

Minor Collectors 248 DOT&PF 

Minor Arterials 74 DOT&PF 

Local Roads 87 DOT&PF 

Juneau – Because 2002 unpaved roadway data were not available, the 2004 pavement data from 

ADOT&PF67 were used to estimate the miles of unpaved roads in the borough. In addition to 

this, ADOT&PF provided additional data on roadways that were not paved as of 2002 that were 

not included in the 2004 pavement data.68 As with the Fairbanks data, ADOT&PF indicated that 

the pavement road data are up to date for the ADOT&PF-maintained roadways, but that the 

information on roads maintained by other agencies may be outdated. Consequently, the City and 

Borough of Juneau (CBJ) was contacted for 2002 unpaved road data for roadways under their 

management,69 and the CBJ data were compared with the ADOT&PF data to eliminate 

duplicates and double counting. More confidence was given to the CBJ data when conflicting 

information existed on paving status for some roadways between the ADOT&PF and CBJ data 

sets. 

A total of about 14.9 miles of unpaved roadways, all local roads, was found for Juneau. Of this, 

about 11.8 miles are gravel or aggregate roads, 2.75 miles are undeveloped dirt roads, and 0.32 

miles are overlaid with recycled asphalt pavement (RAP).70 As with Fairbanks, VMT and 

AADT data were limited. Consequently, the only unpaved local road AADT available for 

Juneau came from the 1988 PM10 emissions inventory prepared for the Mendenhall Valley by 

Engineering Science.48 In the report, an AADT of 171 was obtained from counts performed on 

12 local streets. This estimate was adjusted to 2002 levels using the borough population growth 

between 1988 and 2002. The 1988 population was estimated by Engineering Science in the 

PM10 inventory report, while the 2002 borough population was derived by selecting the midpoint between the 2000 Census Bureau estimate and 2004 population data available from the 

Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development (ADLWD).71 The resulting adjusted 

AADT applied to all unpaved local roadways in Juneau is 175 vehicles per day. This, combined 

with the total miles of unpaved roads in the borough, resulted in a total unpaved road daily VMT 

of 2,601 in Juneau. 

 

67 Communication with Kathleen Ramage, Road Network Service Manager, Division of Program Development, 

Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (DOT&PF), May 2005. 68 Communication with David Hawes, Transportation Planner, Southeast Region, Department of Transportation and 

Public Facilities (DOT&PF), May 2005. 

69 Communication with Mike Scott, Streets Superintendent, City and Borough of Juneau, June 2005. 

70 Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is reprocessed pavement material containing asphalt and aggregates that, when 

processed properly, consists of high-quality, well-graded aggregates coated by asphalt cement. RAP provides some, 

but not complete, control of fugitive dust emissions from unpaved roads. 

71 The 1988 total borough population was 29,946, and the 2004 population was 30,966, which results in a 2002 

population of 30,584. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1281 

Paved Roadway VMT – The resulting paved roadway VMT by borough after the unpaved 

roadway VMT were subtracted from the total VMT are shown in Table 5.6-50 by facility. 

Table 5.6-50 

2002 Paved Road VMT by Facility and Borough 

County/Borough Facility 2002 VMT 

Anchorage 

Freeway/Expressway 501,789 

Major/Principal Arterial 1,848,979 

Minor Arterial 332,284 

Collector/Intrazonal 197,141 

Local 350,119 

ALL TOTAL 3,230,312 

Fairbanks 

(winter VMT are 

about 92% lower) 

Freeway/Expressway 221,207 

Major/Principal Arterial 606,665 

Minor Arterial 240,736 

Collector/Intrazonal 581,797 

Local 92,331 

ALL TOTAL 1,742,736 

Juneau 

Major/Principal Arterial 330,862 

Minor Arterial 101,119 

Collector/Intrazonal 122,311 

Local 185,922 

ALL TOTAL 740,214 

2002 Fugitive Dust Emissions - The emission factors for paved roads found using Equation 

C   N p N sL W E k paved (4 )/ 4

2 3

0.65 1.5

















   

 



 



 



  (8) were combined with the paved road VMT 

estimates for each borough to result in the PM10 and PM2.5 inventories shown in Table 5.6-51. 

The annual average emission inventories were estimated by weighting the summer and winter 

emission levels by the number of days in each season as defined by ADEC—183 for the summer 

and 182 for the winter. The PM10 and PM2.5 emissions from paved roads varied only between 

the boroughs mainly because of the different VMT levels and partly due to the differences in 

local precipitation mitigation (Juneau has about double the precipitation days per season as 

Anchorage and Fairbanks). As previously noted, based on discussions with ADEC staff and on 

the local winter temperatures, it was concluded that the fugitive dust from paved roads during the 

winter season in Fairbanks and Anchorage is fully mitigated by the amount of precipitation that 

covers the roadways during the entire season. 

Table 5.6-51 

2002 Paved Road Seasonal Fugitive Emissions in Tons/Day 

County/ 

Borough 

PM10 (tpd) PM2.5 (tpd) 

Winter Summer Annual Winter Summer Annual 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1282 

Anchorage 0.00 52.74 26.44 0.00 12.83 6.43 

Fairbanks 0.00 24.74 12.40 0.00 5.99 3.00 

Juneau 3.29 10.43 6.87 0.75 2.53 1.64 

A summary of the unpaved road PM10 and PM2.5 emission inventories is shown in Table 5.6-52. 

As with the paved road inventories, unpaved road annual average emissions were estimated by 

weighting the summer and winter emission levels by the number of days in each season. For 

unpaved roads, Equations C

M

k s S E   0.2

0.5

( / 0.5)

( /12)( / 30) (6) and E E  N p N unpaved  (  ) / (7) were 

used along with the borough unpaved road VMT in order to estimate fugitive dust emissions for 

Juneau (year-round) and Fairbanks (summer only). The Anchorage summer PM10 emissions for 

unpaved roads for the urban nonattainment area and the Eagle River PM10 area were derived 

directly from the 1999 MRI inventory report and the Eagle River PM10 conformity analysis, 

respectively. The PM2.5 unpaved road emissions for these areas were estimated using a ratio of 

0.15 for PM2.5 to PM10 emissions, which was found to be consistent for all unpaved roadway 

PM2.5 and PM10 emissions estimated using the AP-42 equations. The summer emissions from 

the rest of the MOA (outside the PM10 areas) were found using Equations 1 and 2 along with the 

estimated VMT for the area. As previously noted and as reflected in the paved roads fugitive 

dust inventory, the effective precipitation during the winter in Fairbanks and Anchorage fully 

mitigates any fugitive dust from the unpaved roadways there during the winter season. As 

shown in Table 5.6-52, there is little seasonal difference in the unpaved road emissions for 

Juneau with emissions being slightly higher in the summer. 

Table 5.6-52 

2002 Unpaved Road Seasonal Fugitive Emissions in Tons/Day 

County/ 

Borough 

PM10 (tpd) PM2.5 (tpd) 

Winter Summer Annual Winter Summer Annual 

Anchorage 0.00 3.52 1.77 0.00 0.53 0.26 

Fairbanks 0.00 39.90 20.00 0.00 5.98 3.00 

Juneau 0.50 0.59 0.55 0.07 0.09 0.08 

Asphalt Plants – Asphalt production data was supplied by ADEC staff for the Anchorage 

Fairbanks, and Juneau areas. This information is maintained by ADEC as part of its Minor 

Source permitting program. The asphalt production totals reported for calendar year 2002 in 

Juneau and Fairbanks were multiplied by AP-42 emission factors for asphalt production 

appropriate for the given facility, to give total tons of emissions per season. The winter season 

total was then divided by 182 days to give tons per day. Note that, unless a combustion source is 

equipped with a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit, ammonia emissions are considered to 

be negligible. Any ammonia present in the fuel or combustion unit, unless it is added during the 

post-combustion process, would be completely converted to NOx at the temperatures under 

which asphalt production takes place. Calculation details are provided in Appendix C of the 

study report. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1283 

Asphalt Paving – In estimating emissions from this source, the assumption was made that all of 

the asphalt produced by the asphalt plants listed is used locally, and all within the summer 

months (i.e., April through September). This is a conservative assumption for two reasons: first, 

because it is likely that at least a portion of the asphalt produced in the various areas was 

transported and applied to a roadway outside the boundaries of the Borough or Municipality; 

and, second, it is possible that not all the asphalt produced during the year was used for paving 

the same year. 

All particulate emissions from asphalt paving are in the form of condensable hydrocarbons (i.e., 

TOG or VOC emission factors), as discussed in AP-42 section 4.5 for Asphalt Paving 

Operations. The specific VOC emission factor used (i.e., 0.04 pounds per ton of asphalt 

applied), is the California Air Resources Board (CARB) recommended emission factor72 for this 

emission source. 

Gasoline Distribution – This category refers to organic gas emissions resulting from the storage 

and transfer operations at gasoline dispensing facilities. Emissions in this category can be 

divided into three types: 

 Spillage; 

 Vapors displaced through vehicle refueling; and 

 Working and breathing losses from underground tanks. 

EPA’s on-road (MOBILE) and off-road (NONROAD) emission models calculate emission totals 

associated with the first two types listed above, and are included in the totals listed in the area 

source summary tables. Emissions from the third emission type listed above were calculated 

using proprietary gasoline throughput data obtained from local producers. For this reason, the 

specific calculation methodology for this source has been reported to ADEC staff, but is not 

available to the general public. 

Surface Coatings – This source, which was included in the 1999 Air Toxics Inventory, is a 

source of VOC emissions only. Repeated attempts to locate area-specific coating usage were 

unsuccessful, and we have therefore used the same methodology described in the earlier 

inventory. Calendar year 2002 national paint usage data were obtained from U.S. Census 

Bureau’s Manufacturing, Mining, and Construction Statistics.73 Paint usage was listed according 

to three general categories: architectural coatings, special-purpose coatings, and miscellaneous 

allied paint products. According to a representative of the National Paint and Coatings 

Association,74 there are no paint manufacturing facilities in Alaska, and likely very little 

equipment manufacturing in the state because the cold wintertime temperatures make yeararound production problematic. Therefore, with the exception of marine-related coatings, the 

total gallons listed under “Product finishes for original equipment manufacturers (OEM)” were 

 

72 This emission factor is referenced in a document found on the CARB website at 

http://www.arb.ca.gov/ei/areasrc/draftmeth/asphcompar.pdf. 73 This report is available on the U.S. Census website at http://www.census.gov/cir/ www/325/mq325f.html 74 Personal communication between Allen Irish of the National Paint and Coatings Association and Lori Williams of 

Sierra Research. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1284 

not included. Representative VOC emission factors were obtained from CARB’s Index of Area 

Source Methodologies, section 6.3 on Architectural Coatings.75 All surface coatings are 

assumed to have been applied during the summer months, as Alaska winter weather conditions 

are not amenable to painting operations. 

Wildfires – Total emissions from wildfires in Alaska are included in the Western Regional Air 

Partnership’s (WRAP) recently completed 2002 air emission inventory for fire. That database 

shows that there were eleven FNSB-based wildfires in 2002, and one in Juneau. All wildfire 

activity was confined only to the summer season. 

Open Burning (Firefighter Training) – Local staff in Anchorage and Fairbanks provided activity 

data for this emission source. In Anchorage, firefighter training was estimated to occur 28 times 

per year and to utilize 200 gallons of fuel per exercise, for a total of 5,600 total gallons burned 

during the summer months. All fuel burned was assumed to be Diesel. According to Fairbanks 

sources, such exercises occur once per month during the April through September time period, 

for a total of 1,200 gallons burned per year. In the absence of any more accurate emission 

factors, the methodology used in the 1999 Air Toxics report was used to calculate emissions 

from this source; AP-42 emission factors for residential furnaces were applied to the activity data 

discussed above. In the absence of any activity data for Juneau, the Anchorage emissions for this 

source were extrapolated to Juneau based on human population. 

Structural Fires – The number of structural fires in Fairbanks was assumed to be the same as that 

used in the 1990 Fairbanks CO Inventory—one per inventoried day. Emission factors developed 

by the California Air Resources Board76 (CARB) were applied to this activity estimate to 

generate the emission totals. 

According to ADEC staff, there were a total of 363 structural fires in the Anchorage area in 

1983. ADEC staff estimate this figure increased to approximately 400 fires per year in 1999, and 

the same activity rate was assumed for 2002. Applying this activity rate to the CARB emission 

factors discussed above gives what is likely a disproportionately high level of emissions. This is 

because the emission factors include assumptions regarding combustible contents per square 

foot, average floor space, and percent of structural loss, which may not correspond to the 

structures burned in the Anchorage fires. However, in the absence of any other information, we 

have calculated the emissions from this source based on the estimate of 400 structural fires, 

distributed evenly over the calendar year. 

For Juneau, the total number of incidences for structural fires in 2002 was obtained from the 

Juneau Fire Marshal.77 A total of 11 structural fires were recorded in 2002 for the entire 

borough; however, the Fire Marshal estimated that about 65% of the fires occurred in the 

wintertime and 35% occurred during the summer. Emission factors developed by the California 

 

75 This methodology is posted on the CARB website at http://www.arb.ca.gov/ ei/areasrc/fullpdf/FULL6-3.pdf 76 “Area Source Methodologies Manual,” California Air Resources Board, June 1994. 77 Communication with Richard Etheridge, Fire Marshal, Capital City Fire/Rescue Fire Department, Juneau, Alaska, 

August 2005. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1285 

Air Resources Board78 (CARB) were applied to the seasonal activity estimates to generate the 

emission totals. 

Projection of 2002 Base Emissions to 2005 – The preceding paragraphs described the local data 

sources and methods used to estimate calendar year 2002 seasonal and annual emissions for each 

area source category. 2002 base emissions were then projected forward to 2005 using a 

combination of VMT and population forecasts as described below: 

 Fugitive Dust – Projected 2005 paved and unpaved road dust emissions were calculated 

based on forecasted VMT growth from 2002 to 2005. For Fairbanks, this growth 

estimate was developed from ADOT&PF forecasts as described in the Big 3 study report. 

Annual VMT growth from 2002-2005 was 0.2% for paved roads and -2.1% for unpaved 

roads, the latter decrease reflecting paving some of what were unpaved roads in 2002. 

 All Other Area Sources – Projected 2005 emissions for all other area source categories 

was based on population growth data and projections for the Fairbanks Borough 

compiled by the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development. The 

ADLWD estimated an annual 1.1% population growth rate for the borough from 2002 to 

2005. 

Using these growth estimates, the 2002 base emissions were projected to calendar year 2005 

under the Big 3 study and served as the primary basis for the Other Area Source sector 

(excluding space heating) of the SIP inventory. Table 5.6-53 and Table 5.6-54 present the 

resulting Other Area source annual and winter average daily emissions, respectively by source 

category/SCC for 2005. 

Table 5.6-53 

2005 Annual Big 3-Based Fairbanks Other Area Source Emissions (tons/day) 

Source Category SCC 

Annual Average Emissions (tons/day) 

VOC CO NOx SOx NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Fugitive Paved Road Dust 2294000000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.63 2.82

Fugitive Unpaved Road Dust 2296000000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.75 2.81

Asphalt Paving/Roofing 

Materials 2306010000 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.01

Architectural Coatings 2401001000 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Asphalt 

Application 2461020000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 

2: Spillage 2501060102 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 

2: Displacement 

Loss/Controlled 

2501060103 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Petroleum and Petroleum 

Product Storage, All Storage 

Types: Working Loss, Gasoline 

2501000120 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

 

78 “Area Source Methodologies Manual,” California Air Resources Board, March 1999. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1286 

Petroleum and Petroleum 

Product Storage, All Storage 

Types: Breathing Loss, 

Gasoline 

2501995120 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Forest Wildfires 2810001000 9.72 206.60 4.43 1.22 0.93 20.09 17.23

Structure Fires 2810030000 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00

Firefighting Training 2810035000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2005 Totals 10.89 206.72 4.44 1.22 0.93 50.58 22.86

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1287 

Table 5.6-54 

2005 Winter Big 3-Based Fairbanks Other Area Source Emissions (tons/day) 

Source Category SCC 

Winter Average Daily Emissions (tons/day) 

VOC CO NOx SOx NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Fugitive Paved Road Dust 2294000000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fugitive Unpaved Road Dust 2296000000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Asphalt Paving/Roofing 

Materials 2306010000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Architectural Coatings 2401001000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Asphalt 

Application 2461020000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 

2: Spillage 2501060102 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Gasoline Service Stations, Stage 

2: Displacement 

Loss/Controlled 

2501060103 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Petroleum and Petroleum 

Product Storage, All Storage 

Types: Working Loss, Gasoline 

2501000120 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Petroleum and Petroleum 

Product Storage, All Storage 

Types: Breathing Loss, Gasoline 

2501995120 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Forest Wildfires 2810001000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Structure Fires 2810030000 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00

Firefighting Training 2810035000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2005 Totals 0.45 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00

As noted earlier, there are significant seasonal variations for most of the key source categories 

within the Other Area Source sector. In comparing total sector emissions at the bottom of Table 

5.6-53 and Table 5.6-54, winter emissions are significantly lower that annual daily averages, 

largely due to the fact that activity for many of these source categories is near zero during winter. 

INCORPORATION	OF	COMMERCIAL	COOKING	EMISSIONS

At the time an initial Fairbanks gridded inventory was developed under a 2009 EPA Office of 

Research and Development (ORD) study, ORD developed a series of sector- and SCC-level 

comparisons of emissions between those developed for Fairbanks from the Big 3 study within 

2005 National Emissions Inventory (NEI) estimates for the borough. From this comparison, it 

was determined that emissions from commercial cooking (charbroiling and frying) had not been 

included in the Big 3 estimates. 

Commercial cooking emission estimates were developed and incorporated into the SIP inventory 

using 2008 NEI-based estimates for Fairbanks. Table 5.6-55 shows these 2008 NEI estimates on 

an annual basis. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1288 

Table 5.6-55 

2008 Annual NEI-Based Fairbanks Commercial Cooking Emissions (tons/year) 

Source Category SCC 

Annual Emissions (tons/year) 

VOC CO NOx SOx NH3 PM10 PM2.5

Commercial Cooking - 

Charbroiling /Conveyorized 

Charbroiling 

2302002200 0.6 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.4

Commercial Cooking - 

Charbroiling /Under-fired 

Charbroiling 

2302003000 2.0 6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.3 16.7

Commercial Cooking - Frying 

/Clamshell Griddle Frying 2302010000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3

Commercial Cooking - Frying 

/Deep Fat Fying 2302003100 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Commercial Cooking - Frying 

/Flat Griddle Frying 2302003200 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 3.8

Commercial Cooking Totals 3.5 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.1 23.2

Unlike many of the other categories within the Other Area Sources sector, commercial cooking 

emissions were assumed to be constant over the entire year with no seasonal variation. 

2008 BASELINE	AND	PROJECTED	BASELINES

Emissions for other area sources for the 2008 baseline and projected baseline inventories to 2019 

were developed based on simple borough-wide growth rates developed from the ADLWD and 

FNSB as follows. 

First, 2008 baseline emissions were projected from the 2005 Big 3 estimates using an annualized 

growth rate of 0.87% (i.e., 1.026 growth multiplier) from 2005 to 2008 developed from the 

ADLWD forecasts for Fairbanks. Next, projected baseline emissions in 2015 and 2019 were 

estimated using recently developed post-2010 forecasts for Fairbanks developed by FNSB79

based on the 2010 U.S. Census and local demographic projections. The long-term forecasted 

population and household growth after 2010 was forecasted by FNSB at an annualized 1.0% rate 

averaged across the entire borough, resulting on growth multipliers of 1.062, 1.072 and 1.116 for 

household and population growth from 2008 to 2015 and 2019, respectively. 

Given the relative magnitude of the Other Area Source sector within the entire SIP inventory, 

these simple, area- and source category-wide population-based growth factors were used to 

estimate 2008 baseline and projected baseline emissions for sources within the sector. Table 5.6-

56 presents summaries of total Other Area Source annual emissions for the 2008 baseline and 

2015 and 2019 projected baseline inventories and shows the effects of these growth assumptions. 

 

 

79 Email from and follow-up communication with Janet Davison, Fairbanks North Star Borough, July 11, 2012. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Other Area Sources 

III.D.5.6-1289 

Table 5.6-56 

Baseline and Projected Baseline Other Area Source Annual Emissions (tons/year) 

Calendar 

Year 

Annual Emissions (tons/year) 

VOC CO NOx SOx NH3 PM10 PM2.5

2008 11.19 212.21 4.56 1.25 0.95 51.99 23.53

2015 12.00 227.52 4.88 1.34 1.02 55.74 25.23

2019 12.48 236.76 5.08 1.39 1.06 58.01 26.25
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1290 

ON‐ROAD MOBILE SOURCES

This section of the Emissions Inventory Technical Appendix describes the data/sources, methods 

and tools/workflow used to estimate on-road vehicle emissions across the Fairbanks SIP 

modeling domain. EPA’s MOVES2010a vehicle emissions model was used to generate detailed 

fleet emission rates and was combined with EPA’s SMOKE-MOVES integration tool to pass the 

highly-resolved and emission process-specific emission rates into SMOKE-ready input structures 

for use in preparation of gridded, episodic on-road mobile source emissions. 

The sequence of steps in generating gridded episodic on-road mobile emissions using the 

SMOKE-MOVES Tool80 consists of: 1) MOVES model processing; 2) meteorological data preprocessing; and 3) SMOKE model processing. This process does not create emission estimates 

(e.g., in tons/day) as is the case with other sectors of the inventory, but instead emission lookup 

tables are produced which are used by SMOKE to create photochemical model-ready emission 

fields. Local inputs were used where available when configuring each of the tools used in the 

steps of this process. The MOVES input data, resulting look-up tables and final processed 

emissions fields were developed to reflect episode specific conditions in the Fairbanks region 

during the spans of the two modeling episodes examined in the SIP’s attainment analysis: 

 Episode 1 - January 23rd – February 12th, 2008; and 

 Episode 2 - November 2nd – November 17th, 2008. 

The first sub-section discusses MOVES model processing, documenting assembly of model 

input data. It also describes the meteorological data pre-processing and emission rate processing 

performed using SMOKE-MOVES sources. The next sub-section explains the importing and 

model execution workflows used to generate vehicle emission rates processed through SMOKEMOVES, including generation of lookup tables and processing performed within SMOKE The 

final sub-section presents summaries of 2008 on-road episodic emissions by SCC code. 

DEVELOPMENT	OF	MOVES INPUTS

Following EPA guidance for use of MOVES in SIP inventory applications, local data were 

assembled and analyzed to supply regional vehicle fleet and travel activity inputs to the model. 

Prior to detailed explanations of how the data inputs were developed, the key sources of local 

data are summarized below. 

Key Data Sources - For the 2008 base year, MOVES inputs were based primarily on data 

gathered as part of the conformity analysis for the Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation 

System (FMATS) 2012-2015 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)81. FMATS is the 

 

80 B. Baek, A. DenBleyker, “User’s Guide for the SMOKE-MOVES Integration Tool”, prepared for U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, July 14, 2010. 

http://www.cmascenter.org/smoke/documentation/smoke_moves_tool/SMOKE-MOVES_Tool_Users_Guide.pdf 81 T. Carlson, R. Dulla, “Draft Conformity Analysis for Federally Approved 2012-2015 FMATS Transportation 

Improvement Program (TIP), prepared for Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation System, July 18, 2011. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1291 

Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for Fairbanks. The timing of the FMATS TIP was 

such that it was one of the first regional conformity analyses conducted using MOVES. Inputs 

for that conformity analysis were derived from local transportation modeling efforts, vehicle 

registration data, and other local data, each of which is discussed separately below. 

Regional Travel Demand Modeling - Vehicle activity on the FMATS transportation network was 

based on the TransCAD travel demand modeling performed for the 2012-2015 TIP. The 

TransCAD modeling network covers the entire Fairbanks PM2.5 Non-Attainment Area (NAA) 

and its major links extend beyond the nonattainment area boundary as illustrated below in Figure 

5.6-34. 

Figure 5.6-34 

FMATS TransCAD Modeling Network 

The TransCAD model was configured using 2010 U.S. Census-based socioeconomic data. 

TransCAD modeling was performed for a 2010 base year and a projected 2035 horizon year. 

Projected population and household data relied on Census 2010 projections and a 1% annual 

RICHARDSON HWY

Goldstream Rd

BADGER RD

OLD MURPHY DOME RD

STEESE HWY

ELLIOT HWY

PEEDE RD

REPP RD

PLACK RD

PEGER RD

AIRPORT WAY

CHENA PUMP RD

HURST RD

HOLMES RD

CHENA RIDGE RD

BALLAINE RD

GAFFNEY RD

COLLEGE RD

D ST

NELSON RD

JOHANSEN EXPY

UNIVERSITY AVE

2ND AVE

FARMERS LOOP RD

S CUSHMAN ST

FREEMAN RD

30TH AVE

SUMMIT DR

Steele Creek Rd

OLD RICHARDSON HWY

NEWBY RD

MONTGOMERY RD

Bennett Rd

DAWSON RD

17TH AVE

EASY ST

OLD RICHARDSON HWY

STEESE HWY

0 5 10 2.5 Miles

Ü

Fairbanks PM2.5

Non-Attainment Area Boundary
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1292 

growth rate in forecasted employment based on the information from the Institute of Social and 

Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Alaska Anchorage. 

Attachment B provides further details on the travel demand modeling runs and validation 

procedures. 

Link-level TransCAD outputs were processed to develop several of the travel activity related 

inputs required by MOVES. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) tabulated across the TransCAD 

network for the 2010 base year and 2035 forecast year are presented below in Table 5.6-57. 

Table 5.6-57 

TransCAD Average Daily VMT by Analysis Year, 

Daily Period and Fleet Category 

Period / 

Vehicle Type 

Entire Modeling Area (PM NA Area) 

2010 2035 % Change 

Daily Perioda

AM Peak (AM) 132,469 187,841 41.8%

PM Peak (PM) 380,135 509,440 34.0%

Off-Peak (OP) 1,206,159 1,587,234 31.6%

Vehicle Type

Passenger VMT 1,718,763 2,284,514 32.9%

Truck VMT 105,132 104,201 -0.9%

Total VMT 1,823,895 2,388,715 31.0% 

a

 VMT by daily period was developed for the passenger fleet; truck VMT was modeled only on a daily basis. 

Vehicle Activity Beyond FMATS Network – The geographic extent of the FMATS network 

covers a small portion of the entire Grid 3 attainment modeling domain. Traffic density in the 

broader Alaskan interior is likely to be less than that concentrated in Fairbanks (and have less 

impact on ambient air quality in Fairbanks). Nevertheless for completeness, link-level travel 

estimates for major roadways beyond the FMATS network (and Fairbanks PM NAA) were 

developed using a spatial (ArcGIS-compatible) “Road Centerline” polyline coverage for the 

Interior Alaska region developed by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public 

Facilities (ADOT&PF). This GIS layer identified locations of major highway/arterial routes 

within the Grid 3 domain broken down into individual milepost (MP) segments. 

These road centerline segments are shown in red in Figure 5.6-35 along with the smaller FMATS 

link network (green lines) and the extent of the SIP Grid 3 modeling domain (blue rectangle). 

Annual average daily traffic volumes (AADT) and VMT (determined by multiplying volume by 

segment length) were assigned to each segment based on a spreadsheet database of calendar year 

2007, 2008 and 2009 traffic volume data compiled by ADOT&PF’s Northern Region office. A 

Linear Reference System (LRS) approach was used to spatially assign volume and VMT data for 

each segment in the spreadsheet database to the links in the Road Centerline layer based on the 

route identifier number (CDS_NUM) and lineal milepost value. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1293 

Figure 5.6-35 

Additional ADOT&PF Roadway Links beyond FMATS Network 

DMV Registration Data – ADEC obtained a dump or snapshot of statewide vehicle registrations 

from the Alaska Division of Motor Vehicle (DMV) as of May 2010. The Alaska DMV database 

includes vehicle make, model, model year, Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), vehicle class 

code, body style, registration status, expiration date and owner/operator address information. A 

subset of valid data for the Fairbanks NAA was created by extracting records from the statewide 

database based on current registration status and owner/operator ZIP codes located within the 

NAA. 

As described in greater detail later under “MOVES Fleet Inputs”, ADEC also applied a licensed 

VIN decoder to the VINs for the Fairbanks NAA subset that provided additional vehicle attribute 

information that was used along with the DMV attributes to classify vehicles into the MOVES 

Source Use Type fleet classification scheme. 

Seasonal Vehicle Activity Surveys – ADEC has conducted a series of wintertime vehicle surveys 

in parking lots for commonly-frequented businesses (e.g., shopping centers) in Fairbanks in part 

as a cross-check to vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) program enforcement conducted 

PARKS HIGHWAY

RICHARDSON HIGHWAY

ELLIOTT HIGHWAY

ALASKA HIGHWAY

Yukon-Koyukuk

Denali

Fairbanks North Star

Southeast Fairbanks

DALTON HIGHWAY STEESE EXPRESSWAY/HIGHWAY

CHENA HOT SPRINGS ROAD

0 40 80 20 Miles Ü

FMATS Modeling Network and

Fairbanks PM2.5 NAA

SIP Modeling Domain

Beyond FMATS Centerline Links
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1294 

by the Borough and to identify any seasonal variations in vehicle use. In conducting the surveys, 

personnel are stationed at various locations within the surveyed lots (over multiple days) and 

record license (and make/model) information for vehicles passing/parking within their viewing 

area. The results are then bounced against the DMV database to determine the each vehicle’s 

model year. 

The most recent set of parking lot surveys was conducted in early 2009. As described in detail 

later, this and similar earlier surveys (with sample sizes of several thousand vehicles each) have 

found a clear, recurrent pattern that older vehicles tend to be driven less during winter because of 

drivability concerns under the harsh Arctic conditions. 

MOVES Fleet Inputs - Outputs from the several of the sources summarized earlier were used to 

develop the vehicle fleet-related inputs to the MOVES model runs. Each of these fleet-related 

MOVES inputs is described separately below. (The names of the individual inputs within 

MOVES are listed in parentheses.) 

Vehicle Populations (Source Type Population & Age Distribution) - DMV registrations from the 

Alaska Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and recent 2009 Fairbanks Parking Lot Survey data 

provided the basis for the vehicle fleet populations and age distributions used to model the 

Fairbanks vehicle fleet with MOVES. As noted earlier, the DMV database includes vehicle 

make, model, model year, Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), vehicle class code, body style, 

registration status and expiration date. 

Using a VIN decoding tool licensed by ADEC, supplemental information such as vehicle class, 

gross vehicle weight, vehicle type, body type and fuel type (e.g., gasoline vs. diesel) were also 

determined in order to help classify each vehicle into one of the 13 MOVES Source Use Type 

categories. In Attachment C, tables spanning the first 10 pages list each of the key vehicle 

attribute fields from the DMV database and VIN decoder outputs that were used to categorize 

each vehicle record into one of the 13 usage-based “Source Type” categories as defined in 

MOVES to characterize the vehicle fleet. 

Table 5.6-58 lists each of these “Source Type” categories and identifies the primary vehicle 

attribute fields in either the DMV database itself (DMV) or output from the VIN decoder 

(Decoder) that were used to determine the Source Type for each vehicle record. 

For nearly all the records, the Source Type could be conclusively determined from specific 

combinations of these attributes. In some cases such as Source Types 51 (Refuse Trucks) and 54 

(Motorhomes), single values of the Body Style field in the DMV database were used to discern 

the appropriate Source Type. In other cases, Source Types were assigned based on categorical 

values in several attribute fields as noted in Table 5.6-58. In a few cases, vehicle make and 

model fields were also examined and then fed to a web-based search engine to identify whether 

the vehicle was a single or combination-unit truck. 

As also noted in Table 5.6-58, the DMV and VIN decoder attribute data were not sufficient to 

distinguish between short-haul trucks (Source Types 52 and 61) and long-haul trucks (Source 

Types 53 and 62). All of the single and combination-unit truck records were assigned short-haul 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1295 

Table 5.6-58 

MOVES Vehicle Fleet Source Type Categories 

Source 

Type ID Source Type Description Primary Attributes/Sources 

11 Motorcycle 

Class Code (DMV), Body Style (DMV) – Categories 

MB and MC, Vehicle Type (Decoder), Vehicle Class 

(Decoder) 

21 Passenger Car Class Code (DMV), Vehicle Type (Decoder) , Vehicle 

Class (Decoder) 

31 Passenger Truck Class Code (DMV), Vehicle Type (Decoder) , Vehicle 

Class (Decoder) 

32 Light Commercial Truck Class Code (DMV), Vehicle Class (Decoder), GVWR 

Class (Decoder) – up to Class 5 (16,001-19,500 lb) 

41 Intercity Bus Class Code (DMV), Body Style (DMV), Vehicle Type 

(Decoder) , Vehicle Class (Decoder) 

42 Transit Bus Class Code (DMV), Body Style (DMV), Vehicle Type 

(Decoder) , Vehicle Class (Decoder) 

43 School Bus Class Code (DMV), Body Style (DMV), Vehicle Type 

(Decoder) , Vehicle Class (Decoder) 

51 Refuse Truck Body Style (DMV) – Category GG 

52 Single Unit Short-haul Truck 

Class Code (DMV), Body Style (DMV), Vehicle Class 

(Decoder), GVWR Class (Decoder) – Class 6 and 

above 

53 Single Unit Long-haul Truck Apportioned from MOVES default 52/53 splits 

54 Motor Home Body Style (DMV) – Category MH 

61 Combination Short-haul Truck 

Class Code (DMV), Body Style (DMV), Vehicle Class 

(Decoder) – Category “Truck Tractor”, GVWR Class 

(Decoder), Fuel Type (Decoder) 

62 Combination Long-haul Truck Apportioned from MOVES default 61/62 splits 

Source Type categories of either 52 or 61. The SourceTypeYear table in the MOVES database 

was then queried to extract nationwide vehicle populations (for calendar year 1999, the closest 

base year to those modeled) for Source Type categories 52, 53, 61 and 62. Relative splits 

between short- and long-haul vehicle fractions in these categories were then calculated and used 

to estimate the populations of long-haul single-unit (53) and combination-unit (62) vehicles in 

the Fairbanks fleet. 

Table 5.6-59 shows the resulting summation of vehicles by their sourceTypeID as determined 

from the VIN decoder and DMV data for the year 2010. The 2010 population data was scaled 

back to 2008 values by backcasting the vehicle population based on the VMT rates of growth 

from 2010 to 2035. The VMT growth rates are derived for each individual HPMS vehicle type 

ID and then translated to MOVES source type ID. For the light duty vehicle fleet the annual rate 

of change in VMT was found to be 1.1%. The 2008 backcasted populations are shown in the 

rightmost column of Table 5.6-59. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1296 

Table 5.6-59 

Fairbanks Baseline Vehicle Populations by MOVES Source Type 

Source 

Type ID Source Type Description 

Vehicle Populations 

2010 DMV 2008 Backcast 

11 Motorcycle 4,234a 4,201a

21 Passenger Car 25,441 25,241 

31 Passenger Truck 50,102 49,708 

32 Light Commercial Truck 6,309 6,259 

41 Intercity Bus 98 97 

42 Transit Bus 53 53 

43 School Bus 372 369 

51 Refuse Truck 34 34 

52 Single Unit Short-haul Truck 1,100 1,091 

53 Single Unit Long-haul Truck 103 103 

54 Motor Home 1,898 1,883 

61 Combination Short-haul Truck 694 689 

62 Combination Long-haul Truck 526 522 

Total Vehicle Fleet 90,964 90,248 

a As explained later, motorcycle activity in Fairbanks during the winter months was assumed to be zero. 

The DMV registration data also identified the model year of the vehicle, which enabled 

distributions of populations by vehicle age82 to be calculated for each Source Type and input to 

MOVES. For the three light-duty passenger vehicle types (11-motorcycles, 21-passenger cars, 

and 31-passenger trucks), vehicle age distributions from winter parking lot surveys83 conducted 

by ADEC in Fairbanks during January and February 2009 were used instead of those based on 

DMV registrations. This is because it was found in both these 2009 surveys as well as similar 

parking lot surveys conducted earlier by ADEC in 2005 and 2000 that older passenger vehicles 

are driven less during harsh winter conditions in Fairbanks. 

Figure 5.6-36compares the vehicle age fractions (by age group) for light-duty passenger cars in 

Fairbanks developed from the DMV registrations and the Parking Lot Surveys. As Figure 5.6-36 

clearly shows, vehicle fractions in the newer groups (< 15 years) from the Parking Lot Surveys 

are distinctly higher than from the DMV registrations. This pattern is reversed for the older 

vehicle groups (15 or more years old). 

 

82 Vehicle age in years was simply calculated by subtracting the model year from 2010, the calendar year in which 

the DMV database obtained. 

83 The purpose of the surveys was to collect data for assessing the performance of the I/M Program. A review of the 

location of the surveys found broad representation beyond the boundary of the CO nonattainment area in Fairbanks, 

North Pole, and Chena Ridge areas. While no data were collected in Goldstream Valley, the results sufficiently 

represent the PM2.5 nonattainment area to be used in the analysis. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1297 

Figure 5.6-36 

Comparison of DMV and Survey-Based Vehicle Age Distributions of 

Passenger Cars in Fairbanks 

Another expected finding from the Fairbanks parking lot surveys is that motorcycles are simply 

not operated during cold wintertime conditions. Although motorcycles make up roughly 5% of 

the Fairbanks-registered vehicle fleet, as shown earlier in Table 5.6-59, only a single motorcycle 

was identified in the entire sample of over 8,500 vehicles from the 2009 Fairbanks surveys 

(which represents 0.01% of the survey sample). 

Thus, for Source Type categories 11 (motorcycles), 21 (passenger cars) and 31 (passenger 

trucks), vehicle age distributions were based on the Parking Lot Survey data to reflect welldocumented winter season shifts toward greater use of newer vehicles in the passenger car and 

passenger truck fleets as well as non-use of motorcycles during winter months. These surveybased winter seasonal adjustments for Fairbanks have been employed in wintertime emission 

inventories developed in previous CO SIPs and transportation conformity determinations that 

have been approved by EPA and FHWA. 

For the remaining MOVES source type categories (32 and above), age distributions were based 

on the DMV registration data for Fairbanks. Attachment C contains a detailed table labeled 

“MOVES Age Distribution Inputs” showing the vehicle age distributions developed for each of 

the MOVES source types using either the DMV or Parking Lot Survey data as described above. 

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0‐4 5‐9 10‐14 15‐19 20‐24 25‐29 30+

Fleet Fraction

Vehicle Age (years)

Parking Lot Survey

DMV Data
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1298 

These age distributions developed for the 2008 Baseline fleet were also assumed to apply for 

future fleets in the 2015 and 2019 modeling runs.84

Gasoline vs. Diesel-Fueled Vehicle Fractions (AVFT Strategies) – MOVES provides users the 

ability to override its default nationwide based travel splits between different fuels and 

technologies. These Alternative Vehicle Fuel and Technology (AVFT) inputs are supplied to 

MOVES through the Strategies panel in the user interface, not the County Data Manager. 

In order to account for differences in splits between gasoline- and diesel-fuel vehicles in the 

Fairbanks fleet compared to the U.S. as a whole, fuel fraction tables by source type and model 

year were also constructed using the DMV VIN decoded data described earlier. Not 

surprisingly, the MOVES default splits between gasoline and diesel vehicles was not 

representative of the Fairbanks fleet. Generally speaking, gasoline fractions were found to be 

lower in Fairbanks than the nationwide-based MOVES defaults (and diesel fractions were 

commensurately higher). 

This is illustrated in Figure 5.6-37, which compares the gasoline vehicle fractions by model year 

for passenger trucks (MOVES Source Type 31) from the Fairbanks DMV data against the default 

fractions contained in MOVES. As seen in Figure 5.6-37, actual gasoline vehicle fractions for 

passenger trucks in Fairbanks are roughly 10% lower than the MOVES defaults (meaning diesel 

fractions are roughly 10% higher). Modest differences were also observed for some of the 

commercial vehicle categories as well. 

As illustrated by the range of model years compared in Figure 5.6-37, DMV VIN decoder-based 

gasoline vs. diesel vehicle fractions were available only for model years 1981 through 2009 (the 

VIN decoder only operates on 1981 and later models). In setting up the AVFT fuel split input to 

MOVES, the fuel fractions must be specified by model year, not vehicle age. For earlier model 

years prior to 1981, the MOVES default fractions were used. For model years 2010 and later, 

the DMV-based fuel type fractions from model year 2009 were generally assumed to remain 

constant in future model years except in the passenger truck category where the MOVES defaults 

reflect a modest increase in diesel penetration in future model years. For passenger trucks in 

model years 2010 and later, the MOVES defaults were used. 

 

 

84 Although new vehicle sales nationwide have decreased during the last two or three years due to rising fuel prices 

and the economic recession, it is difficult to forecast when new vehicle sales will return to previous levels. Thus, 

although the baseline fleet inputs used in the analysis reflect recent depressed sales patterns, the future year fleets do 

as well. This constant age distribution assumption over time avoids the problem of under-representing emissions in 

future years due to shifts toward increased new vehicle fractions that cannot be predicted with any certainty. If new 

vehicle sales return to earlier historical levels, the constant age distribution assumption reflected in this analysis will 

be conservative (i.e., it will understate future fleet emission reductions). 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1299 

Figure 5.6-37 

Comparison of Passenger Truck Gasoline-Fuel Vehicle Fractions by Model Year 

Fairbanks DMV Data vs. MOVES Defaults 

Travel Activity (Vehicle Type VMT) – Estimates of VMT over the FMATS modeling network 

(covering the entire PM2.5 NAA) from the TransCAD travel model link output files were 

processed and input to MOVES through the “Vehicle Type VMT” input within the County Data 

Manager. The Vehicle Type VMT input must be in units of VMT per year, not VMT per day. 

The annual VMT must also be supplied by “HPMS Vehicle Type” which is essentially an 

aggregated version of the 13-category MOVES Source Type scheme. Since states are required 

to provide periodic travel (i.e., VMT) estimates to FHWA via the Highway Performance 

Monitoring System (HPMS), EPA has designed MOVES to accept VMT input by these HPMS 

Vehicle Type categories. 

Table 5.6-60 shows the mapping of Source Type to HPMS Vehicle Type categories. It also 

shows how the Fairbanks baseline vehicle populations shown earlier in Table 5.6-59 were 

aggregated into the HPMS Vehicle Type categories. 

The green and tan cell shading in Table 5.6-60 shows where the separate Passenger Vehicle 

VMT and Truck VMT outputs from the TransCAD transportation model were allocated. 

Passenger VMT applies to Source Types 11, 21, and 31 (shown in green) and Truck VMT 

applies to the remainder of the fleet covering Source Types 32 and above (and shown in tan). 

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Gasoline‐Fueled Vehicle Fraction

Model Year

FairbanksDMV Data

MOVES Default
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1300 

Table 5.6-60 

MOVES Source Type to HPMS Vehicle Type Mapping 

Source 

Type ID Source Type Description 

HPMS 

VehType ID 

HPMS Vehicle Type 

Description 

2010 Baseline 

Vehicle Popn. 

11 Motorcycle 10 Motorcycles 4,234 

21 Passenger Car 20 Passenger Cars 25,441 

31 Passenger Truck 30 Other 2 axle-4 tire 

vehicles 

50,102 

32 Light Commercial Truck 6,309 

41 Intercity Bus 

42 Transit Bus 40 Buses 523 

43 School Bus 

51 Refuse Truck 

50 Single Unit Trucks 3,135 

52 Single Unit Short-haul Truck 

53 Single Unit Long-haul Truck 

54 Motor Home 

61 Combination Short-haul Truck 60 Combination Trucks 1,220 62 Combination Long-haul Truck 

Total Vehicle Fleet 90,964 

These allocations were assumed based on a review of the FHWA Vehicle Classification Count 

scheme85 used by ADOT&PF to collect volume counts by individual vehicle classification and 

on which the separate travel model estimates of Passenger Vehicle and Truck VMT were based 

(see Attachment C). 

This FHWA vehicle classification scheme is listed below. 

Single Unit 

 Class 01: Motorcycles 

 Class 02: Automobiles, Automobiles with trailers 

 Class 03: Pickup Trucks, Pickup Trucks with Trailers 

 Class 04: Buses (2 or 3 axles) 

 Class 05: Delivery Trucks, Recreational Vehicles, Dump Trucks (2 axles, 6 Tires) 

 Class 06: Dump Trucks, Recreational Vehicles (3 axles) 

 Class 07: Concrete Trucks, Fuel or Propane Delivery Trucks (4 or more axles) 

Single Trailer 

 Class 08: Tractor/Truck with Trailer (2 axles, 6 tires) 

 Class 09: Tractor/Truck with Trailer (3axles) 

 Class 10: Tractor/Truck with Trailer (4 or more axles) 

 

85 “2006, 2007, 2008 Annual Traffic Volume Report, Northern Region,” Alaska Department of Transportation and 

Public Facilities, 2009. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1301 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1302 

Multi- Trailer 

 Class 11: Tractor/Truck with 2 Trailers (5 axles) 

 Class 12: Tractor/Truck with 2 or more Trailers (6 axles) 

 Class 13: Tractor/Truck with 2 or more Trailers (7 or more axles) 

The separate Truck VMT travel model outputs correspond to FHWA Class 04 and higher 

vehicles. Comparing this FHWA scheme to the Source Type scheme in MOVES indicates that 

FHWA Class 04 and higher closely represents MOVES Source Types 32 and higher. (See Table 

5.6-58 for a listing of the Source Type categories.) 

As highlighted by the boldface populations in the rightmost column of Table 5.6-60, this split of 

Passenger and Truck VMT from the travel model outputs falls within HPMS Vehicle Type 

category 30, which contains both passenger and light commercial trucks. Thus in developing the 

HPMS Vehicle Type VMT inputs to MOVES, separate allocations of Source Types 31 and 32 

within HPMS Vehicle Type 30 were maintained until the end of the calculations. 

The next step in calculating the HPMS Vehicle Type VMT inputs consisted of extracting average 

annual mileage per vehicle by HPMS Vehicle Type categories from MySQL database86

underlying the MOVES model. This was done by dividing annual VMT by HPMS Vehicle Type 

category in the MOVES database table HPMSVTypeYear (for the MOVES default baseline year 

of 1999) by MOVES default vehicle populations (also for the model’s 1999 base year) contained 

in the SourceTypeYear table after the Source Type populations were allocated into the 

corresponding HPMS Vehicle Type categories. 

Table 5.6-61 shows these data from the MOVES database and the calculated annual mileage per 

vehicle by HPMS Vehicle Type category. 

Table 5.6-61 

Calculation of Annual Mileage per Vehicle by HPMS Vehicle Type 

HPMS 

Vehicle. 

Type ID 

HPMS Vehicle Type 

Description 

Source Type 

Categories 

Contained 

Base Year 

Annual VMT 

(millions) 

Base Year 

Vehicle 

Population 

Avg. Annual 

Mileage 

(per vehicle) 

10 Motorcycle 11 10,600 4,173,870 2,540

20 Passenger Car 21 1,568,640 130,163,000 12,051

30 Other 2 axle-4 tire vehicles 31,32 900,735 76,296,500 11,806

40 Buses 41,42,43 7,657 732,189 10,458

50 Single-Unit Trucks 51,52,53,54 70,274 5,726,791 12,271

60 Combination Trucks 61,62 132,358 1,887,707 70,116

 

86 The MOVESDB20100515 version of the database was used. This was the latest version released by EPA at the 

time of the conformity analysis and the initial SIP inventory development. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1303 

It is important to note that the MOVES base year 1999 data and resulting annual mileage per 

vehicle by HPMS Vehicle Type was used only to develop relative scaling factors by HPMS 

Vehicle Type to apply to the actual Passenger VMT and Truck VMT estimates from the 

Fairbanks travel model runs. The Fairbanks travel model VMT cannot simply be allocated to the 

HPMS scheme based on vehicle populations because the annual mileage driven per vehicle 

differs significantly across some of the HPMS Vehicle Type categories (ranging from 2,540 

miles/year for motorcycles to 70,116 miles/year for combination trucks). Thus, the relative 

differences in annual mileage between HPMS Vehicle Type categories were used to scale the 

2010 Fairbanks vehicle populations by HPMS category shown earlier in Table 5.6-60 to annual 

VMT values. These values were then normalized so that when summed across HPMS 

categories, they matched the total VMT from the travel model outputs and preserved the travel 

model splits between Passenger and Truck VMT. 

A detailed table showing these calculations labeled “Calculation of VMT Allocations by HPMS 

Vehicle Type Category” is supplied in Attachment C. 

Table 5.6-62 presents the resulting annual VMT by HPMS Vehicle Type category inputs 

generated from the 2010 and 2035 TransCAD model runs. In the absence of travel model outputs 

for 2008 and 2015, MOVES annual VMT inputs for those years were developed by linear 

interpolation (2015) and extrapolation (2008) of the 2010 and 2035 VMT by HPMS Source 

Type. (The highlighted columns in Table 5.6-62 represent the years [2010 and 2035] for which 

travel model outputs were available.) 

Table 5.6-62 

MOVES HPMS Vehicle Type VMT (VMT/year) Inputs by Analysis Year for 

FMATS Modeling Network 

HPMS 

Vehicle. 

Type ID 

HPMS Vehicle Type 

Description 

Extrapolated

2008 2010 

Interpolated

2015 

Interpolated 

2019 2035 

10 Motorcycle 7,363,918 7,422,302 7,910,930 8,301,832 9,865,440

20 Passenger Car 209,971,828 211,636,581 225,569,112 236,715,136 281,299,235

30 Other 2 axle-4 tire vehicles 418,980,729 422,302,600 449,156,427 470,639,489 556,571,737

40 Buses 1,020,906 1,029,000 1,027,177 1,025,718 1,019,884

50 Single-Unit Trucks 7,180,716 7,237,648 7,224,823 7,214,563 7,173,523

60 Combination Trucks 15,967,031 16,093,625 16,065,107 16,042,293 15,951,036

Total Vehicle Fleet – Annual VMT 660,485,128 665,721,757 706,953,576 739,939,032 739,939,032

Total Vehicle Fleet – Daily VMT 1,809,548 1,823,895 1,936,859 2,027,230 2,027,230

At the bottom of Table 5.6-62, total fleet VMT is shown on both an annual and average day 

basis, the latter for comparison to the travel model daily VMT outputs summarized earlier in 

Table 5.6-57. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1304 

It should also be noted that the SourceType population inputs described earlier for the 2010 base 

year were calculated for the 2008 and 2015 analysis years by scaling the VMT for each analysis 

year in Table 5.6-62against the actual 2010 base year vehicle populations presented earlier in 

Table 5.6-59 and Table 5.6-60. In other words, the VMT growth over time reflected in Table 

5.6-62 was applied to baseline 2008 and future 2015 vehicle population. 

This approach assumed that the annual mileage per vehicle was constant across all analysis 

years. Although one could estimate projected trends of VMT by vehicle type based on a series 

of MOVES national scale default runs, trends in annual mileage accumulation rates can vary by 

urban area depending on the growth rate and demographics of each area. Trends in annual 

mileage rates are probably fairly small for an area like Fairbanks with very mild growth 

projected in the vehicle fleet and transportation network. Use of national scale MOVES runs 

would be based on nationwide projections of per-vehicle annual VMT over time that may or may 

not track well with Fairbanks; thus, annual mileage rates per vehicle were simply held constant 

over time given the mild growth projected for Fairbanks at this time. 

VMT on roadways outside the FMATS travel modeling network was calculated using the 

aforementioned spatial roadway VMT layer developed from merging the ADOT&PF Road 

Centerlines shapefile with 2008 AADT traffic volumes for those roads published by 

ADOT&PF’s Northern Region office. Within ArcGIS, a masking operation was performed to 

discard the Road Centerlines layer segments corresponding to roadways already in and 

accounted from the FMATS travel model network. For 2008, total “outside FMATS network” 

VMT was 500,542 miles per annual average day, which was about 3.5 times lower than the total 

daily VMT within the FMATS network. VMT growth in future years and the distribution by 

HPMS vehicle type was assumed to be the same as for that within the FMATS network. 

Table 5.6-63 shows the resulting total VMT by HPMS Vehicle Type category for the entire Grid 

3 attainment modeling domain, including the contribution from outside network travel based on 

the ADOT&PF data. 

Table 5.6-63 

MOVES HPMS Vehicle Type VMT (VMT/year) Inputs by Analysis Year for 

Entire Grid 3 Modeling Domain 

HPMS 

Vehicle. 

Type ID 

HPMS Vehicle Type 

Description 

Extrapolated

2008 2010 

Interpolated

2015 

Interpolated 

2019 2035 

10 Motorcycle 9,400,862 9,475,397 10,099,184 10,598,214 12,594,334

20 Passenger Car 268,052,466 270,177,708 287,964,139 302,193,283 359,109,859

30 Other 2 axle-4 tire vehicles 534,875,647 539,116,386 573,398,293 600,823,819 710,525,920

40 Buses 1,303,301 1,313,634 1,311,306 1,309,444 1,301,995

50 Single-Unit Trucks 9,166,985 9,239,665 9,223,293 9,210,195 9,157,802

60 Combination Trucks 20,383,697 20,545,308 20,508,902 20,479,777 20,363,278

Total Vehicle Fleet – Annual VMT 843,182,958 849,868,099 902,505,117 944,614,731 1,113,053,189

Total Vehicle Fleet – Daily VMT 2,310,090 2,328,406 2,472,617 2,587,986 3,049,461

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1305 

Other MOVES Inputs – The remaining MOVES modeling inputs representing the Fairbanks 

PM2.5 nonattainment area included seasonal, daily and diurnal travel fractions; travel activity by 

speed range (or bin) and roadway type; freeway ramp fractions; ambient temperature profiles; 

I/M program inputs; and fuel specifications. Each of these inputs was supplied to MOVES to 

represent Fairbanks specific conditions through the model’s County Data Manager Importer and 

are discussed separately below. 

Monthly, Day-of-Week and Hourly VMT Fractions – In conjunction with annual VMT by HPMS 

Vehicle Type, MOVES also requires inputs of monthly, weekday/weekend, and hourly travel 

fractions. Based on data assembled by ADOT&PF from 2009 seasonal traffic counts, traffic 

within the FMATS modeling area exhibits a seasonal variation such that roughly 92% of annual 

average daily travel within the PM2.5 nonattainment area occurs on average winter days (with 

108% occurring on average summer days). These seasonal variations were incorporated into the 

MonthVMTFraction input table. 

Day-of-week fractions were set to assume that travel levels are the same on weekends as 

weekdays. In the absence of a weekend or seven-day travel model, this is a reasonable 

assumption. 

Hourly VMT fractions were defined based on diurnal trip percentages used to support the travel 

model development and validation that are listed in Attachment B. 

Travel by Speed Bin and Roadway Type (Average Speed & Road Type Distributions) – Linklevel TransCAD model output files were processed to prepare these two sets of MOVES inputs 

for each analysis year. 

The roadway type classification scheme employed in MOVES consists of the following five 

categories: 

1. Off-Network; 

2. Rural, Restricted Access; 

3. Rural, Unrestricted Access; 

4. Urban, Restricted Access; and 

5. Urban, Unrestricted Access. 

The “Off-Network” category is used by MOVES to represent engine-off evaporative or starting 

emissions that occur off of the travel network. For SIP and regional conformity analysis, EPA’s 

MOVES guidance indicated that the user must supply Average Speed Distribution and Road 

Type Distribution inputs for the remaining on-network road types (2 through 5), but direct 

MOVES to calculate emissions over all five road types. In this manner, starting and evaporative 

emissions are properly calculated and output. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1306 

The first of the two sets of inputs, Average Speed Distributions, consists of time-based87 (not 

distance-based) tabulations of the fractions of travel within each of MOVES’ 16 speed bins (at 5 

mph-wide intervals) by road type and hour of the day. These inputs were calculated from the 

TransCAD link outputs by time of day. The TransCAD outputs consisted of travel times, 

average speeds and vehicle volumes for each link in the expanded modeling network for each of 

three daily periods: 

1) AM Peak (7-9 AM); 

2) PM Peak (3-6 PM); and 

3) Off-Peak (9 AM-3 PM, plus 6 PM-7 AM). 

Spreadsheet calculations were performed on the TransCAD link outputs to calculate time-based 

travel (multiplying link travel time by vehicle volume to get vehicle hours traveled or VHT) 

across all links. The link VHT was then allocated by MOVES road type and average speed bin. 

(The link classification scheme employed in the TransCAD modeling could easily be translated 

to the MOVES Rural/Urban and Limited/Unlimited Access road types.) Normalized speed 

distributions (across all 16 bins) were then calculated for each road type and time of day period 

and formatted for input into MOVES. 

MOVES allows these Average Speed Distribution inputs to be specified separately by Source 

Type (i.e., vehicle category). Thus, individual distributions were developed from Passenger 

VHT and Truck VHT tabulations of the TransCAD outputs. The Passenger VHT was available 

for each of the three modeling periods. Truck VMT was only available on a single daily basis. 

(As stated earlier, Passenger activity was applied to MOVES Source Types 11, 21, and 31, while 

Truck activity was applied to categories 32 and higher.) 

Attachment C contains tabular summaries of the normalized average speed distribution inputs 

developed from the 2010 and 2035 TransCAD outputs. (Distributions for 2015 and 2019 were 

interpolated from the 2010 and 2035 outputs.) 

Similar spreadsheet calculations were also performed to tabulate distance-based (i.e., VMTbased) Road Type Distribution inputs to MOVES. The resulting tabulations and normalized 

Road Type distributions are also provided in Attachment C. (Road type distributions for 2015 

and 2019 were similarly interpolated from the 2010 and 2035 TransCAD outputs.) 

Freeway Ramp Fractions (Ramp Fraction) – MOVES uses default values of 8% (or 0.08) to 

represent the fraction of time-based limited access roadway travel (Road Types 2 and 4) that 

occur on freeway ramps. Fairbanks-specific ramp fraction values were tabulated from the 

TransCAD link level outputs and were supplied to MOVES in the Ramp Fraction input section 

of the County Data Manager to override the nationwide-based defaults. 

These Fairbanks ramp travel fractions are presented below in Table 5.6-64 as tabulated from the 

2010 and 2035 travel model outputs. As shown in Table 5.6-64, the Fairbanks ramp fractions in 

 

87 MOVES requires Average Speed Distribution inputs on a time-weighted basis and Road Type Distribution inputs 

on a distance-weighted basis. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1307 

urbanized areas are higher than the default values in MOVES, reflecting the fact that shorter 

freeway lengths (with resulting higher ramp fractions) are driven in Fairbanks compared to the 

nationwide-based defaults. 

Table 5.6-64 

TransCAD Ramp Fractions 

Daily Ramp 

Travel Fractions 

Fraction of Time-Based Limited Access Travel on Ramps 

2010 Baseline 2035 LRTP 

Rural Urban Rural Urban 

0.062 0.181 0.068 0.208 

For the 2008, 2015 and 2019 MOVES inputs, these values were calculated based on the linear 

rate of change in the ramp travel fractions between 2010 and 2035. The results of that 

calculation are shown below in Table 5.6-65. 

Table 5.6-65 

Ramp Fraction Inputs by SIP Modeling Year 

Daily Ramp 

Travel 

Fractions 

Fraction of Time-Based Limited Access Travel on Ramps 

2008 Base 2015 Forecasted 2019 Forecasted 

Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban 

0.061 0.179 0.063 0.187 0.064 0.191 

Ambient Temperature Profiles (Meteorology Data) – Episodic average temperature profiles were 

created per the guidance in the SMOKE-MOVES model documentation using the 

MET4MOVES. Some MET4MOVES code modifications were made to allow for sub-monthly 

temperature profiles to be generated. Code changes are detailed in the SMOKE Source-Code 

appendix. Different temperature profiles are required as inputs for a number of MOVES runs to 

create lookup tables for rate per distance, rate per vehicle and rate per profile activities. The 

modified MET4MOVES program was operated using a version of the run_met4moves.csh script 

included with the 2.7.1 version of SMOKE. The dates of the episode days, surrogates and 

ASSIGNS file were updated to reflect the SMOKE configuration for the baseline modeling 

episodes. Two script runs of the run_met4moves.csh file were performed to generate different 

average meteorology profiles for each episode. The MET4MOVES program requires the met 

field inputs already be processed through the Meteorology-Chemistry Input Processor (MCIP) 

software. 

The domain-wide ground level average relative humidity (RH), minimum and maximum 

temperatures for each modeling episode are presented in Table 5.6-66. These outputs have been 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1308 

rounded down to the nearest 5 degree increment in the case of the minimum temperature and up 

to the nearest 5 degree increment in the maximum temperature case. 

Table 5.6-66 

Fairbanks Model Domain Episodic Meteorology Conditions 

Episode Relative Humidity Min. Temperature (F) Max.Temperature (F) 

Episode 1 (Jan - 

Feb) 

72.3% -50.0 30.0 

Episode 2 (Nov) 82.3% -20.0 35.0 

Daily temperature profiles for each of the episodes are presented in Error! Reference source 

not found.. These profiles have been scaled to reflect the maximum and minimum temperatures 

for those respective episodes. These profiles form the basis of the RPV and RPP MOVES 

simulation meteorology inputs that are generated by the RunSpec generator script. 

Table 5.6-67 

Fairbanks Model Domain Episodic 

Average Temperature Profiles 

Hour 

Episode 1 

Temperature (F) 

Episode 2 

Temperature (F) 

1 -33.7 -17.8 

2 -38.0 -20.0 

3 -42.9 -18.5 

4 -47.2 -13.1 

5 -48.2 -16.2 

6 -46.4 -17.1 

7 -46.6 -15.6 

8 -48.5 -19.8 

9 -50.0 -18.8 

10 -48.9 -18.2 

11 -48.7 -9.0 

12 -36.5 4.7 

13 -10.6 14.7 

14 15.7 26.6 

15 30.0 35.0 

16 29.1 32.3 

17 12.3 19.7 

18 -3.0 8.9 

19 -11.6 0.8 

20 -18.1 1.4 

21 -22.1 -2.1 

22 -26.2 -9.8 

23 -31.4 -14.0 

24 -29.2 -17.4 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1309 

The RunSpec generator script has been rewritten to use the average RH, minimum temperature, 

maximum temperature and average profiles to create the RPD, RPV and RPP meteorology input 

fields. 

I/M Program Data (I/M Programs) – Since the Fairbanks Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) 

program was terminated at the end of 2009, the “Use I/M Program” input element to MOVES for 

the forecast years of 2015 and 2019 was set from “Yes” to :No” to account for the elimination of 

the program. 

For the 2008 base year, I/M program characteristics for the Fairbanks I/M program stored by 

EPA in the MOVES database were used to represent the existence of the I/M Program, with the 

exception of a 96% compliance rate, estimated from local enforcement data. 

According to EPA’s MOVES documentation, I/M emission benefits are only assumed for HC, 

CO and NOx. No I/M benefits for particulate emissions are assumed in MOVES. 

Fuel Specifications (Fuel Supply) – EPA has developed detailed fuel specifications (e.g., RVP, 

oxygen content, sulfur content, etc.) for different gasoline and diesel fuel blends used in each 

county of the U.S. and has loaded these specifications into the FuelFormulation and FuelSupply

tables in the MOVES default database. (The first of these tables identifies the detailed properties 

of a specific fuel blend, the second table identifies that state and county of the U.S. and the 

calendar year to which it applies.) Semi-annual fuel survey data collected by the Alliance of 

Automobile Manufacturers (AAM) were reviewed to confirm whether the default fuel properties 

for Fairbanks defined in MOVES were correct. Retail gasoline data for the 2008 winter for 

Fairbanks from the AAM surveys indicated that sulfur and oxygen contents in MOVES 

reasonably matched measured levels. 

However, Fairbanks diesel blends are not included in the AAM surveys. MOVES assumed 

diesel fuel sulfur content of 43 ppm in 2008 through 2011 and 11 ppm in 2012 and later years. 

These sulfur levels are believed to be reasonably representative of those required under Alaska’s 

Ultra Low-Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) regulation. 

Thus, MOVES default gasoline and diesel fuel specifications for Fairbanks were used in the 

analysis. 

MOVES DATA	IMPORTING	AND	EXECUTION	AND	SMOKE PROCESSING

Once all of the inputs were assembled, MOVES command input or “RunSpec” files and input 

importer scripts and processing workflows were set up to generate model runs and feed outputs 

to SMOKE as summarized below. 

RunSpec and Importer Generation (SMOKE-MOVES) – Version 0.20 of the RunSpec generator 

script from the SMOKE-MOVES tool was used to create the MOVES RunSpec and import files 

for the RPD, RPV and RPP simulations in the baseline. Modifications to the script were made to 

allow for the use of Excel files and spreadsheet tabs in the importing process with the exception 

of the meteorology inputs. AVFT data was added through a separate text file via a change to the 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1310 

RunSpec configuration script. The RunSpec run control input for POLLUTANTS was set to 

both OZONE and PM in order to output pollutants for direct PM2.5, precursor pollutants and CO. 

The met profile inputs for the RPD, RPV and RPP rates are created in the RunSpec generator 

script based on the outputs from the modified MET4MOVES program. A new meteorology type 

was added to signal the creation of RPD and RPV temperature profiles from the temperature 

maximums, minimums and profiles extracted from the episode-processed meteorology files. 

Table 5.6-68 lays out the number of temperature profiles created for each of the model episodes 

and rates calculations. 

Table 5.6-68 

Fairbanks MOVES Rates Temperature Profile Count 

Rates Scenario Episode 1 Episode 2 

RPD 1 1 

RPV 8 11 

RPP 66 36 

Total Profiles 75 48 

The RPD, RPV and RPP inventory importer scripts were run to import each of these different 

profiles with the 2008 baseline vehicle activity, population and fleet characteristics. The 

generated inventory importer and runspec files were submitted electronically to EPA Region 10 

on October 9th, 2015.

MOVES Simulations – Following the importing of the RPD, RPV and RPP input data the 

RunSpec scripts were configured to execute a series of 75 MOVES runs for episode 1 and 48 

MOVES runs for Episode 2. These simulations were performed with MOVES version 20100826 

installed on a custom-built Linux computer (Intel i7 950 4 core/8 thread, 8 GB system memory, 1 

TB hard disk drive) running Ubuntu 10.04 OS. 

Lookup Table Generation – The SMOKE-MOVES tools post-processing script was adapted for 

use in the extraction of lookup tables from the series of scripted MOVES simulations. Lookups 

are generated covering the range of pollutants specified earlier under “RunSpec and Importer 

Generation.” Some code changes were needed due to address a bug in the 0.20 version of the 

code described in the “MOVES and SMOKE Bug Fixes” section. Lookup tables are extracted 

into text files that are then moved into the SMOKE inventory mobile source assignment 

directories. 

SMOKE Processing – Three separate run scripts were used for the processing of the rate per 

distance, rate per vehicle and rate per profile inventories through SMOKE. Inventory processing 

through SMOKE utilizes the smkinvenis program described in greater detail in the 5.8 Modeling 

Emissions Processing section. The SCC-specific summaries were generated during the SMOKE 

runs for these emissions inventories. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY On-Road Mobile Sources 

III.D.5.6-1311 

ON‐ROAD	INVENTORY	SUMMARIES

SMOKE processing of MOVES2010a-based emission rates as described in the preceding subsections produced detailed sets of episodic on-road emissions (in tons/day) for each day, hour 

and grid cell within each modeling episode. 

Table 5.6-69 through Table 5.6-74 list baseline 2008 on-road daily emissions (averaged across 

all days and hours) by SCC code for each modeling episode. For each episode, separate 

tabulations are provided for the Rate per Distance (RPD), Rate per Vehicle (RPV) and Rate Per 

Profile (RPP) “modes” of the on-road inventory. Table 5.6-69 through Table 5.6-71 list RPD, 

RPV and RPP emissions, respectively for Episode 1; Table 5.6-72 through Table 5.6-74 show 

similar tabulations for Episode 2. Totals summed across all SCC codes in the on-road fleet are 

listed at the bottom of each table. Gaseous NOx, SOx and TOG are summed totals of their 

component species. Particulate matter is presented as total PM2.5 and also broken out into 

components in the spreadsheet for organic carbon (POC), elemental carbon (PEC), sulfate 

(PSO4), nitrate (PNO3) and other particulates (PMFINE). 

Finally, Table 5.6-75 presents a summary of on-road emissions for the 2008 base year, showing 

total emissions by mode (RPD, RPV, RPP) summed across all applicable SCC codes for 

separately for each episode and for a weighted average across both modeling episodes, using the 

number of days in each episode (Episode 1=19 days, Episode 2=16 days). 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1312 

Table 5.6-69 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Epis

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx 

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

PN

(ton

2201001110 7.6E-01 7.8E-02 4.7E-03 1.7E-03 2.0E-02 1.7E-02 3.6E-03 1.5E-05 12201001130 3.6E-01 3.9E-02 2.3E-03 9.2E-04 1.3E-02 5.8E-03 1.3E-03 1.3E-05 72201001150 1.6E-01 1.8E-02 1.0E-03 4.2E-04 5.8E-03 2.6E-03 5.7E-04 5.8E-06 32201001170 6.3E-01 7.0E-02 4.0E-03 1.6E-03 2.3E-02 8.4E-03 1.8E-03 2.3E-05 12201001190 1.7E-01 1.9E-02 1.1E-03 4.4E-04 6.1E-03 2.3E-03 5.0E-04 6.1E-06 32201001210 6.6E-01 7.3E-02 4.2E-03 1.7E-03 2.4E-02 9.8E-03 2.2E-03 2.4E-05 12201001230 1.0E+00 7.6E-02 4.0E-03 1.5E-03 2.0E-02 2.8E-02 6.0E-03 1.5E-05 12201001250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201001270 3.3E-01 3.6E-02 2.1E-03 8.5E-04 1.2E-02 5.4E-03 1.2E-03 1.2E-05 72201001290 3.8E-01 4.2E-02 2.5E-03 1.0E-03 1.4E-02 6.3E-03 1.4E-03 1.4E-05 82201001310 1.9E-01 2.1E-02 1.2E-03 5.0E-04 7.0E-03 3.0E-03 6.6E-04 7.0E-06 42201001330 1.6E-01 1.8E-02 1.0E-03 4.2E-04 5.8E-03 2.3E-03 5.1E-04 5.8E-06 32201020110 1.3E+00 1.5E-01 4.8E-03 2.4E-03 3.3E-02 2.8E-02 2.1E-03 2.3E-05 12201020130 6.5E-01 7.4E-02 2.4E-03 1.4E-03 2.3E-02 9.2E-03 6.9E-04 2.2E-05 92201020150 2.9E-01 3.4E-02 1.1E-03 6.3E-04 1.0E-02 4.2E-03 3.1E-04 9.8E-06 42201020170 1.1E+00 1.3E-01 4.2E-03 2.4E-03 4.0E-02 1.3E-02 1.0E-03 3.8E-05 12201020190 3.1E-01 3.6E-02 1.1E-03 6.6E-04 1.1E-02 3.6E-03 2.8E-04 1.0E-05 42201020210 1.4E+00 1.6E-01 5.1E-03 3.0E-03 4.8E-02 1.8E-02 1.4E-03 4.6E-05 22201020230 1.9E+00 1.5E-01 4.6E-03 2.5E-03 3.8E-02 5.3E-02 3.9E-03 2.8E-05 12201020250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201020270 5.9E-01 6.8E-02 2.2E-03 1.3E-03 2.1E-02 8.6E-03 6.5E-04 2.0E-05 82201020290 6.5E-01 7.4E-02 2.4E-03 1.4E-03 2.3E-02 9.5E-03 7.2E-04 2.2E-05 92201020310 3.5E-01 4.0E-02 1.3E-03 7.5E-04 1.2E-02 4.8E-03 3.6E-04 1.2E-05 52201020330 2.9E-01 3.3E-02 1.1E-03 6.2E-04 1.0E-02 3.7E-03 2.8E-04 9.8E-06 42201040110 7.4E-01 8.2E-02 2.7E-03 1.3E-03 1.8E-02 1.5E-02 1.1E-03 1.2E-05 52201040130 3.3E-01 3.9E-02 1.3E-03 7.0E-04 1.1E-02 4.8E-03 3.6E-04 9.9E-06 42201040150 1.5E-01 1.8E-02 5.7E-04 3.2E-04 4.9E-03 2.2E-03 1.6E-04 4.5E-06 12201040170 5.8E-01 6.8E-02 2.2E-03 1.2E-03 1.9E-02 6.9E-03 5.3E-04 1.8E-05 72201040190 1.6E-01 1.9E-02 6.0E-04 3.4E-04 5.2E-03 1.9E-03 1.4E-04 4.8E-06 22201040210 6.5E-01 7.8E-02 2.5E-03 1.4E-03 2.2E-02 8.8E-03 6.7E-04 2.0E-05 82201040230 9.6E-01 7.8E-02 2.4E-03 1.3E-03 1.9E-02 2.7E-02 2.0E-03 1.4E-05 82201040250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201040270 3.0E-01 3.5E-02 1.1E-03 6.5E-04 1.0E-02 4.4E-03 3.3E-04 1.0E-05 4
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1313 

Table 5.6-69 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Epis

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx 

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

PN

(ton

2201040290 3.3E-01 3.8E-02 1.2E-03 7.2E-04 1.1E-02 4.9E-03 3.7E-04 1.1E-05 42201040310 1.9E-01 2.2E-02 7.1E-04 4.1E-04 6.6E-03 2.6E-03 2.0E-04 6.3E-06 22201040330 1.6E-01 1.8E-02 5.9E-04 3.4E-04 5.5E-03 2.0E-03 1.5E-04 5.2E-06 22201070110 3.0E-01 3.0E-02 6.0E-04 3.5E-04 7.1E-03 7.4E-03 5.4E-04 4.1E-06 22201070130 1.2E-01 1.3E-02 2.9E-04 1.8E-04 4.2E-03 2.1E-03 1.6E-04 2.9E-06 12201070150 5.5E-02 5.9E-03 1.3E-04 8.1E-05 1.9E-03 9.6E-04 7.1E-05 1.3E-06 52201070170 2.2E-01 2.3E-02 5.1E-04 3.2E-04 7.5E-03 3.0E-03 2.3E-04 5.2E-06 22201070190 5.8E-02 6.2E-03 1.4E-04 8.6E-05 2.0E-03 8.2E-04 6.1E-05 1.4E-06 52201070210 2.3E-01 2.4E-02 5.3E-04 3.3E-04 7.8E-03 3.6E-03 2.7E-04 5.4E-06 22201070230 5.8E-01 4.1E-02 6.0E-04 4.3E-04 1.3E-02 1.2E-02 9.1E-04 5.9E-06 32201070250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201070270 1.0E-01 1.1E-02 2.4E-04 1.5E-04 3.6E-03 1.7E-03 1.2E-04 2.7E-06 12201070290 1.1E-01 1.2E-02 2.6E-04 1.7E-04 4.0E-03 1.8E-03 1.4E-04 2.9E-06 12201070310 6.0E-02 6.2E-03 1.4E-04 9.0E-05 2.2E-03 9.3E-04 7.0E-05 1.6E-06 62201070330 5.0E-02 5.2E-03 1.2E-04 7.5E-05 1.8E-03 7.2E-04 5.4E-05 1.3E-06 52201080110 3.2E-01 8.0E-03 1.0E-04 7.4E-05 9.7E-03 2.4E-03 5.3E-04 4.3E-07 12201080130 1.5E-01 3.4E-03 4.2E-05 3.7E-05 6.4E-03 8.4E-04 1.8E-04 2.3E-07 42201080150 7.0E-02 1.6E-03 1.9E-05 1.7E-05 2.9E-03 3.8E-04 8.3E-05 1.1E-07 22201080170 2.7E-01 6.0E-03 7.3E-05 6.6E-05 1.1E-02 1.2E-03 2.6E-04 4.1E-07 72201080190 7.4E-02 1.6E-03 2.0E-05 1.8E-05 3.0E-03 3.3E-04 7.2E-05 1.1E-07 22201080210 2.9E-01 6.3E-03 7.7E-05 6.9E-05 1.2E-02 1.4E-03 3.1E-04 4.3E-07 82201080230 2.6E-01 6.2E-03 7.9E-05 6.2E-05 8.6E-03 4.1E-03 8.9E-04 3.6E-07 12201080250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201080270 1.3E-01 2.9E-03 3.5E-05 3.2E-05 5.5E-03 7.3E-04 1.6E-04 2.0E-07 32201080290 1.4E-01 3.2E-03 3.9E-05 3.5E-05 6.0E-03 8.1E-04 1.8E-04 2.2E-07 42201080310 7.8E-02 1.7E-03 2.1E-05 1.9E-05 3.2E-03 4.1E-04 8.9E-05 1.2E-07 22201080330 6.5E-02 1.4E-03 1.7E-05 1.6E-05 2.7E-03 3.2E-04 6.9E-05 9.8E-08 12230001110 1.1E-04 6.7E-04 4.2E-06 6.4E-06 4.0E-05 5.0E-06 3.3E-05 4.7E-07 22230001130 8.3E-05 4.4E-04 2.2E-06 3.8E-06 2.7E-05 4.0E-06 1.1E-05 3.0E-07 22230001150 3.7E-05 2.0E-04 9.9E-07 1.7E-06 1.2E-05 1.8E-06 5.2E-06 1.4E-07 12230001170 1.5E-04 7.8E-04 3.9E-06 6.7E-06 4.7E-05 7.1E-06 2.0E-05 5.3E-07 42230001190 4.0E-05 2.1E-04 1.0E-06 1.8E-06 1.3E-05 1.9E-06 5.5E-06 1.4E-07 12230001210 1.5E-04 8.2E-04 4.0E-06 7.0E-06 5.0E-05 7.4E-06 2.1E-05 5.5E-07 42230001230 1.1E-04 6.1E-04 3.3E-06 5.9E-06 3.5E-05 6.0E-06 5.6E-05 4.4E-07 2
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1314 

Table 5.6-69 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Epis

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx 

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

PN

(ton

2230001250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230001270 7.3E-05 3.8E-04 1.8E-06 3.3E-06 2.4E-05 3.7E-06 9.1E-06 2.6E-07 22230001290 8.1E-05 4.2E-04 2.0E-06 3.6E-06 2.6E-05 4.0E-06 1.0E-05 2.9E-07 22230001310 4.3E-05 2.2E-04 1.1E-06 1.9E-06 1.4E-05 2.2E-06 5.4E-06 1.5E-07 12230001330 3.6E-05 1.9E-04 9.0E-07 1.6E-06 1.2E-05 1.8E-06 4.5E-06 1.3E-07 12230060110 1.6E-02 3.0E-02 2.0E-04 1.7E-04 4.6E-03 3.1E-04 1.6E-03 1.2E-05 42230060130 1.1E-02 1.8E-02 9.4E-05 9.1E-05 3.0E-03 3.0E-04 8.0E-04 7.1E-06 42230060150 4.9E-03 8.3E-03 4.3E-05 4.1E-05 1.4E-03 1.4E-04 3.6E-04 3.2E-06 22230060170 1.9E-02 3.2E-02 1.7E-04 1.6E-04 5.3E-03 5.3E-04 1.4E-03 1.3E-05 82230060190 5.1E-03 8.7E-03 4.5E-05 4.3E-05 1.4E-03 1.4E-04 3.8E-04 3.4E-06 22230060210 2.0E-02 3.4E-02 1.7E-04 1.7E-04 5.6E-03 5.6E-04 1.5E-03 1.3E-05 82230060230 1.7E-02 3.4E-02 1.9E-04 1.8E-04 4.9E-03 3.9E-04 1.9E-03 1.3E-05 62230060250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230060270 9.5E-03 1.6E-02 7.6E-05 7.6E-05 2.6E-03 2.9E-04 6.5E-04 6.1E-06 42230060290 1.0E-02 1.7E-02 8.4E-05 8.4E-05 2.9E-03 3.2E-04 7.1E-04 6.7E-06 52230060310 5.6E-03 9.2E-03 4.5E-05 4.5E-05 1.5E-03 1.7E-04 3.8E-04 3.6E-06 22230060330 4.6E-03 7.6E-03 3.7E-05 3.7E-05 1.3E-03 1.4E-04 3.2E-04 3.0E-06 22230071110 7.3E-03 1.4E-02 9.2E-05 7.7E-05 2.2E-03 1.4E-04 7.4E-04 5.6E-06 22230071130 5.0E-03 8.5E-03 4.4E-05 4.2E-05 1.4E-03 1.4E-04 3.7E-04 3.3E-06 22230071150 2.3E-03 3.9E-03 2.0E-05 1.9E-05 6.4E-04 6.2E-05 1.7E-04 1.5E-06 12230071170 8.9E-03 1.5E-02 7.8E-05 7.5E-05 2.5E-03 2.4E-04 6.4E-04 5.9E-06 32230071190 2.4E-03 4.1E-03 2.1E-05 2.0E-05 6.7E-04 6.6E-05 1.7E-04 1.6E-06 12230071210 9.3E-03 1.6E-02 8.2E-05 7.9E-05 2.6E-03 2.6E-04 6.8E-04 6.2E-06 42230071230 7.9E-03 1.6E-02 8.8E-05 8.4E-05 2.3E-03 1.8E-04 8.6E-04 6.2E-06 22230071250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230071270 4.5E-03 7.4E-03 3.6E-05 3.6E-05 1.2E-03 1.3E-04 3.0E-04 2.9E-06 22230071290 5.0E-03 8.1E-03 4.0E-05 4.0E-05 1.4E-03 1.5E-04 3.3E-04 3.2E-06 22230071310 2.7E-03 4.4E-03 2.1E-05 2.1E-05 7.3E-04 7.8E-05 1.8E-04 1.7E-06 12230071330 2.2E-03 3.6E-03 1.8E-05 1.8E-05 6.1E-04 6.5E-05 1.5E-04 1.4E-06 12230072110 3.5E-02 6.4E-02 4.3E-04 3.5E-04 1.0E-02 6.7E-04 3.6E-03 2.6E-05 92230072130 2.3E-02 3.9E-02 2.0E-04 1.9E-04 6.5E-03 6.5E-04 1.7E-03 1.5E-05 12230072150 1.0E-02 1.8E-02 9.0E-05 8.6E-05 2.9E-03 2.9E-04 7.8E-04 6.8E-06 42230072170 4.1E-02 6.9E-02 3.5E-04 3.4E-04 1.1E-02 1.1E-03 3.0E-03 2.6E-05 12230072190 1.1E-02 1.9E-02 9.5E-05 9.1E-05 3.1E-03 3.1E-04 8.2E-04 7.2E-06 4
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1315 

Table 5.6-69 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Epis

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx 

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

PN

(ton

2230072210 4.3E-02 7.2E-02 3.7E-04 3.5E-04 1.2E-02 1.2E-03 3.2E-03 2.8E-05 12230072230 3.9E-02 7.7E-02 4.3E-04 4.0E-04 1.1E-02 9.0E-04 4.3E-03 3.0E-05 12230072250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230072270 2.1E-02 3.3E-02 1.6E-04 1.6E-04 5.7E-03 6.2E-04 1.4E-03 1.3E-05 92230072290 2.3E-02 3.7E-02 1.8E-04 1.8E-04 6.3E-03 6.8E-04 1.5E-03 1.4E-05 12230072310 1.2E-02 2.0E-02 9.6E-05 9.5E-05 3.4E-03 3.7E-04 8.3E-04 7.6E-06 52230072330 1.0E-02 1.6E-02 8.0E-05 7.9E-05 2.8E-03 3.0E-04 6.9E-04 6.3E-06 42230073110 9.3E-03 4.0E-02 8.4E-05 1.4E-04 2.8E-03 5.5E-04 1.4E-03 1.0E-05 42230073130 4.6E-03 1.9E-02 3.2E-05 6.2E-05 1.5E-03 3.4E-04 6.6E-04 5.2E-06 42230073150 2.1E-03 8.5E-03 1.5E-05 2.8E-05 6.7E-04 1.5E-04 3.0E-04 2.3E-06 22230073170 8.2E-03 3.3E-02 5.7E-05 1.1E-04 2.6E-03 6.0E-04 1.2E-03 9.2E-06 82230073190 2.2E-03 9.0E-03 1.5E-05 3.0E-05 7.1E-04 1.6E-04 3.1E-04 2.5E-06 22230073210 8.6E-03 3.5E-02 6.0E-05 1.2E-04 2.7E-03 6.3E-04 1.2E-03 9.6E-06 82230073230 1.5E-02 7.1E-02 1.2E-04 2.4E-04 4.5E-03 9.0E-04 2.8E-03 1.9E-05 12230073250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230073270 3.7E-03 1.5E-02 2.5E-05 5.0E-05 1.2E-03 2.8E-04 5.2E-04 4.2E-06 42230073290 4.1E-03 1.7E-02 2.8E-05 5.5E-05 1.3E-03 3.1E-04 5.7E-04 4.6E-06 42230073310 2.2E-03 8.9E-03 1.5E-05 2.9E-05 7.1E-04 1.7E-04 3.1E-04 2.5E-06 22230073330 1.8E-03 7.4E-03 1.2E-05 2.4E-05 5.9E-04 1.4E-04 2.6E-04 2.1E-06 22230074110 3.1E-02 1.6E-01 2.5E-04 5.3E-04 7.0E-03 1.1E-03 5.7E-03 3.9E-05 12230074130 1.5E-02 7.1E-02 9.8E-05 2.4E-04 3.5E-03 7.3E-04 3.0E-03 2.0E-05 12230074150 7.0E-03 3.2E-02 4.4E-05 1.1E-04 1.6E-03 3.3E-04 1.4E-03 9.0E-06 72230074170 2.7E-02 1.3E-01 1.7E-04 4.3E-04 6.2E-03 1.3E-03 5.3E-03 3.5E-05 22230074190 7.4E-03 3.4E-02 4.7E-05 1.2E-04 1.7E-03 3.5E-04 1.4E-03 9.5E-06 72230074210 2.9E-02 1.3E-01 1.8E-04 4.5E-04 6.5E-03 1.4E-03 5.6E-03 3.7E-05 22230074230 5.0E-02 2.5E-01 3.4E-04 8.6E-04 1.1E-02 1.9E-03 1.1E-02 6.6E-05 32230074250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230074270 1.2E-02 5.6E-02 7.6E-05 1.9E-04 2.8E-03 6.0E-04 2.4E-03 1.6E-05 12230074290 1.4E-02 6.2E-02 8.3E-05 2.1E-04 3.1E-03 6.6E-04 2.6E-03 1.7E-05 12230074310 7.3E-03 3.3E-02 4.5E-05 1.1E-04 1.7E-03 3.6E-04 1.4E-03 9.4E-06 82230074330 6.1E-03 2.8E-02 3.7E-05 9.5E-05 1.4E-03 3.0E-04 1.2E-03 7.8E-06 62230075110 2.5E-03 1.1E-02 1.2E-05 2.4E-05 5.1E-04 1.0E-04 4.2E-04 1.8E-06 82230075130 1.1E-03 4.4E-03 4.3E-06 9.7E-06 2.1E-04 5.8E-05 1.8E-04 8.3E-07 82230075150 4.9E-04 2.0E-03 1.9E-06 4.4E-06 9.7E-05 2.6E-05 8.3E-05 3.8E-07 4
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1316 

Table 5.6-69 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Epis

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx 

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

PN

(ton

2230075170 1.9E-03 7.8E-03 7.6E-06 1.7E-05 3.8E-04 1.0E-04 3.2E-04 1.5E-06 12230075190 5.2E-04 2.1E-03 2.0E-06 4.6E-06 1.0E-04 2.8E-05 8.8E-05 4.0E-07 42230075210 2.0E-03 8.2E-03 7.9E-06 1.8E-05 4.0E-04 1.1E-04 3.4E-04 1.5E-06 12230075230 4.0E-03 1.8E-02 1.7E-05 4.0E-05 7.7E-04 1.7E-04 7.9E-04 3.1E-06 12230075250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230075270 8.7E-04 3.5E-03 3.4E-06 7.7E-06 1.7E-04 4.7E-05 1.5E-04 6.7E-07 72230075290 9.5E-04 3.9E-03 3.7E-06 8.4E-06 1.9E-04 5.1E-05 1.6E-04 7.4E-07 82230075310 5.1E-04 2.1E-03 2.0E-06 4.5E-06 1.0E-04 2.8E-05 8.7E-05 4.0E-07 42230075330 4.2E-04 1.7E-03 1.6E-06 3.8E-06 8.4E-05 2.3E-05 7.2E-05 3.3E-07 3

TOTAL 22.63 4.24 0.08 0.05 0.87 0.40 0.13 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1317 

Table 5.6-70 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Vehicle Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episo

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

P

(ton

2201001000 2.1E+01 3.2E-01 0.0E+00 2.4E-03 2.1E+00 6.4E-02 3.4E-02 1.2E-05 22201020000 2.8E+01 5.1E-01 0.0E+00 3.5E-03 2.6E+00 1.0E-01 5.0E-02 1.8E-05 32201040000 1.4E+01 2.6E-01 0.0E+00 1.8E-03 1.3E+00 5.4E-02 2.6E-02 9.4E-06 12201070000 4.4E+00 6.9E-02 0.0E+00 4.5E-04 3.4E-01 2.6E-02 1.2E-02 3.7E-06 72201080000 5.3E-01 4.3E-03 0.0E+00 4.5E-05 5.6E-02 3.7E-04 2.0E-04 2.1E-07 12230001000 3.6E-03 4.3E-03 0.0E+00 5.0E-06 1.8E-03 1.6E-04 7.9E-05 3.5E-07 32230060000 5.6E-02 6.9E-02 0.0E+00 8.9E-05 2.6E-02 6.2E-04 3.1E-04 6.3E-06 12230071000 2.6E-02 3.3E-02 0.0E+00 4.2E-05 1.2E-02 2.7E-04 1.3E-04 3.0E-06 22230072000 1.2E-01 1.5E-01 0.0E+00 2.0E-04 5.7E-02 1.3E-03 6.7E-04 1.4E-05 92230073000 4.1E-02 2.0E-02 0.0E+00 2.4E-05 9.0E-03 5.6E-05 2.8E-05 1.7E-06 42230074000 5.4E-02 2.7E-02 0.0E+00 3.3E-05 1.2E-02 6.9E-05 3.5E-05 2.3E-06 52230075000 1.3E-02 5.7E-03 0.0E+00 8.8E-06 2.5E-03 1.9E-05 9.4E-06 6.1E-07 1

TOTAL 68.37 1.48 0.00 0.01 6.55 0.25 0.12 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1318 

Table 5.6-71 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Profile Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episo

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

PN

(ton

2201001000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 3.1E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201020000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 3.1E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201040000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.6E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201070000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.0E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201080000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 3.9E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230001000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230060000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230071000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230072000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230073000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230074000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230075000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.

TOTAL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1319 

Table 5.6-72 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episo

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx 

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

PN

(tons/

2201001110 8.0E-01 8.3E-02 5.0E-03 1.7E-03 2.1E-02 8.5E-03 1.9E-03 1.5E-05 1.32201001130 4.2E-01 4.6E-02 2.7E-03 1.1E-03 1.5E-02 3.3E-03 7.3E-04 1.5E-05 9.02201001150 1.9E-01 2.1E-02 1.2E-03 4.9E-04 6.8E-03 1.5E-03 3.3E-04 6.8E-06 4.12201001170 7.4E-01 8.1E-02 4.7E-03 1.9E-03 2.7E-02 4.7E-03 1.0E-03 2.6E-05 1.62201001190 2.0E-01 2.2E-02 1.3E-03 5.2E-04 7.2E-03 1.3E-03 2.8E-04 7.1E-06 4.32201001210 7.7E-01 8.5E-02 4.9E-03 2.0E-03 2.8E-02 5.7E-03 1.3E-03 2.8E-05 1.72201001230 1.1E+00 8.0E-02 4.2E-03 1.6E-03 2.1E-02 1.4E-02 3.0E-03 1.6E-05 1.92201001250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2201001270 3.4E-01 3.8E-02 2.2E-03 8.9E-04 1.2E-02 2.7E-03 5.9E-04 1.2E-05 7.42201001290 3.8E-01 4.2E-02 2.5E-03 9.9E-04 1.4E-02 3.0E-03 6.6E-04 1.4E-05 8.32201001310 2.0E-01 2.2E-02 1.3E-03 5.2E-04 7.3E-03 1.5E-03 3.3E-04 7.4E-06 4.42201001330 1.7E-01 1.8E-02 1.1E-03 4.4E-04 6.1E-03 1.2E-03 2.6E-04 6.1E-06 3.62201020110 1.6E+00 1.7E-01 5.6E-03 2.8E-03 3.8E-02 1.6E-02 1.2E-03 2.7E-05 1.32201020130 7.6E-01 8.7E-02 2.8E-03 1.6E-03 2.6E-02 5.2E-03 4.1E-04 2.5E-05 1.12201020150 3.4E-01 3.9E-02 1.3E-03 7.3E-04 1.2E-02 2.4E-03 1.9E-04 1.1E-05 4.92201020170 1.3E+00 1.5E-01 4.9E-03 2.9E-03 4.7E-02 7.5E-03 6.0E-04 4.5E-05 1.92201020190 3.6E-01 4.2E-02 1.3E-03 7.8E-04 1.3E-02 2.0E-03 1.6E-04 1.2E-05 5.22201020210 1.4E+00 1.6E-01 5.1E-03 2.9E-03 4.8E-02 8.8E-03 7.0E-04 4.6E-05 2.02201020230 2.0E+00 1.6E-01 4.8E-03 2.7E-03 4.0E-02 2.6E-02 1.9E-03 2.9E-05 1.72201020250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2201020270 6.1E-01 7.1E-02 2.3E-03 1.3E-03 2.2E-02 4.3E-03 3.4E-04 2.1E-05 9.02201020290 6.8E-01 7.8E-02 2.5E-03 1.5E-03 2.4E-02 4.7E-03 3.7E-04 2.3E-05 9.92201020310 3.6E-01 4.2E-02 1.3E-03 7.8E-04 1.3E-02 2.4E-03 1.9E-04 1.2E-05 5.32201020330 3.0E-01 3.5E-02 1.1E-03 6.5E-04 1.1E-02 1.9E-03 1.5E-04 1.0E-05 4.42201040110 7.8E-01 8.6E-02 2.8E-03 1.4E-03 1.9E-02 7.7E-03 5.8E-04 1.3E-05 5.92201040130 3.8E-01 4.5E-02 1.5E-03 8.2E-04 1.3E-02 2.7E-03 2.1E-04 1.2E-05 4.92201040150 1.7E-01 2.1E-02 6.6E-04 3.7E-04 5.8E-03 1.2E-03 9.6E-05 5.3E-06 2.22201040170 6.7E-01 8.0E-02 2.6E-03 1.5E-03 2.3E-02 3.9E-03 3.1E-04 2.1E-05 8.72201040190 1.8E-01 2.2E-02 7.0E-04 3.9E-04 6.1E-03 1.0E-03 8.3E-05 5.6E-06 2.42201040210 6.8E-01 8.1E-02 2.6E-03 1.5E-03 2.3E-02 4.5E-03 3.5E-04 2.1E-05 8.82201040230 1.0E+00 8.2E-02 2.5E-03 1.4E-03 2.0E-02 1.3E-02 1.0E-03 1.4E-05 8.32201040250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2201040270 3.1E-01 3.6E-02 1.2E-03 6.8E-04 1.1E-02 2.2E-03 1.7E-04 1.0E-05 4.5
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1320 

Table 5.6-72 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episo

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx 

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

PN

(tons/

2201040290 3.4E-01 4.0E-02 1.3E-03 7.5E-04 1.2E-02 2.4E-03 1.9E-04 1.1E-05 4.92201040310 1.9E-01 2.2E-02 7.1E-04 4.1E-04 6.5E-03 1.2E-03 9.9E-05 6.3E-06 2.72201040330 1.6E-01 1.8E-02 5.9E-04 3.4E-04 5.4E-03 9.7E-04 7.7E-05 5.2E-06 2.22201070110 3.0E-01 3.0E-02 6.0E-04 3.5E-04 7.1E-03 3.4E-03 2.5E-04 4.1E-06 2.02201070130 1.2E-01 1.3E-02 2.9E-04 1.8E-04 4.2E-03 9.7E-04 7.4E-05 2.9E-06 1.22201070150 5.5E-02 5.9E-03 1.3E-04 8.2E-05 1.9E-03 4.4E-04 3.4E-05 1.3E-06 5.62201070170 2.2E-01 2.3E-02 5.1E-04 3.2E-04 7.5E-03 1.4E-03 1.1E-04 5.2E-06 2.22201070190 5.9E-02 6.2E-03 1.4E-04 8.6E-05 2.0E-03 3.8E-04 2.9E-05 1.4E-06 5.92201070210 2.3E-01 2.4E-02 5.4E-04 3.3E-04 7.8E-03 1.7E-03 1.3E-04 5.5E-06 2.32201070230 5.8E-01 4.1E-02 6.0E-04 4.3E-04 1.3E-02 5.7E-03 4.2E-04 5.9E-06 3.12201070250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2201070270 1.0E-01 1.1E-02 2.4E-04 1.5E-04 3.6E-03 7.7E-04 5.9E-05 2.7E-06 1.12201070290 1.1E-01 1.2E-02 2.6E-04 1.7E-04 4.0E-03 8.5E-04 6.5E-05 2.9E-06 1.22201070310 6.0E-02 6.2E-03 1.4E-04 9.0E-05 2.2E-03 4.3E-04 3.3E-05 1.6E-06 6.62201070330 5.0E-02 5.2E-03 1.2E-04 7.5E-05 1.8E-03 3.3E-04 2.6E-05 1.3E-06 5.42201080110 3.2E-01 7.9E-03 1.0E-04 7.4E-05 9.6E-03 1.2E-03 2.6E-04 4.2E-07 1.22201080130 1.5E-01 3.4E-03 4.1E-05 3.7E-05 6.3E-03 4.0E-04 8.7E-05 2.3E-07 4.42201080150 6.9E-02 1.5E-03 1.9E-05 1.7E-05 2.9E-03 1.8E-04 4.0E-05 1.1E-07 2.02201080170 2.7E-01 6.0E-03 7.3E-05 6.5E-05 1.1E-02 5.7E-04 1.2E-04 4.1E-07 7.82201080190 7.3E-02 1.6E-03 2.0E-05 1.8E-05 3.0E-03 1.5E-04 3.4E-05 1.1E-07 2.12201080210 2.8E-01 6.3E-03 7.6E-05 6.9E-05 1.2E-02 6.9E-04 1.5E-04 4.3E-07 8.22201080230 2.5E-01 6.2E-03 7.8E-05 6.2E-05 8.5E-03 1.9E-03 4.1E-04 3.6E-07 1.92201080250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2201080270 1.3E-01 2.9E-03 3.5E-05 3.2E-05 5.4E-03 3.4E-04 7.5E-05 2.0E-07 3.72201080290 1.4E-01 3.2E-03 3.8E-05 3.5E-05 6.0E-03 3.8E-04 8.3E-05 2.2E-07 4.12201080310 7.7E-02 1.7E-03 2.1E-05 1.9E-05 3.2E-03 1.9E-04 4.2E-05 1.2E-07 2.22201080330 6.4E-02 1.4E-03 1.7E-05 1.6E-05 2.7E-03 1.5E-04 3.2E-05 9.7E-08 1.82230001110 1.1E-04 6.7E-04 4.1E-06 6.3E-06 3.9E-05 4.9E-06 3.3E-05 4.7E-07 1.32230001130 8.2E-05 4.4E-04 2.2E-06 3.7E-06 2.7E-05 4.0E-06 1.1E-05 3.0E-07 4.72230001150 3.7E-05 2.0E-04 9.8E-07 1.7E-06 1.2E-05 1.8E-06 5.2E-06 1.3E-07 2.12230001170 1.4E-04 7.7E-04 3.8E-06 6.6E-06 4.7E-05 7.0E-06 2.0E-05 5.2E-07 8.42230001190 3.9E-05 2.1E-04 1.0E-06 1.8E-06 1.3E-05 1.9E-06 5.4E-06 1.4E-07 2.32230001210 1.5E-04 8.1E-04 4.0E-06 6.9E-06 4.9E-05 7.3E-06 2.1E-05 5.5E-07 8.82230001230 1.1E-04 6.1E-04 3.3E-06 5.8E-06 3.5E-05 6.0E-06 5.6E-05 4.4E-07 2.2
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1321 

Table 5.6-72 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episo

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx 

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

PN

(tons/

2230001250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2230001270 7.3E-05 3.8E-04 1.8E-06 3.2E-06 2.3E-05 3.7E-06 9.1E-06 2.6E-07 3.82230001290 8.0E-05 4.1E-04 2.0E-06 3.6E-06 2.6E-05 4.0E-06 1.0E-05 2.9E-07 4.22230001310 4.3E-05 2.2E-04 1.1E-06 1.9E-06 1.4E-05 2.2E-06 5.4E-06 1.5E-07 2.22230001330 3.6E-05 1.8E-04 9.0E-07 1.6E-06 1.1E-05 1.8E-06 4.4E-06 1.3E-07 1.92230060110 1.6E-02 3.0E-02 2.0E-04 1.6E-04 4.6E-03 3.0E-04 1.6E-03 1.2E-05 6.52230060130 1.1E-02 1.8E-02 9.3E-05 9.0E-05 3.0E-03 3.0E-04 7.9E-04 7.1E-06 3.22230060150 4.8E-03 8.2E-03 4.2E-05 4.1E-05 1.3E-03 1.4E-04 3.6E-04 3.2E-06 1.52230060170 1.9E-02 3.2E-02 1.6E-04 1.6E-04 5.2E-03 5.3E-04 1.4E-03 1.2E-05 5.72230060190 5.1E-03 8.6E-03 4.5E-05 4.3E-05 1.4E-03 1.4E-04 3.8E-04 3.4E-06 1.52230060210 2.0E-02 3.4E-02 1.7E-04 1.7E-04 5.5E-03 5.6E-04 1.5E-03 1.3E-05 6.02230060230 1.7E-02 3.4E-02 1.9E-04 1.8E-04 4.9E-03 3.9E-04 1.9E-03 1.3E-05 7.62230060250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2230060270 9.4E-03 1.5E-02 7.6E-05 7.6E-05 2.6E-03 2.9E-04 6.5E-04 6.0E-06 2.62230060290 1.0E-02 1.7E-02 8.3E-05 8.3E-05 2.8E-03 3.1E-04 7.1E-04 6.6E-06 2.92230060310 5.6E-03 9.1E-03 4.5E-05 4.5E-05 1.5E-03 1.7E-04 3.8E-04 3.6E-06 1.52230060330 4.6E-03 7.6E-03 3.7E-05 3.7E-05 1.3E-03 1.4E-04 3.2E-04 3.0E-06 1.32230071110 7.4E-03 1.4E-02 9.3E-05 7.7E-05 2.2E-03 1.4E-04 7.4E-04 5.6E-06 1.12230071130 5.0E-03 8.5E-03 4.4E-05 4.3E-05 1.4E-03 1.4E-04 3.7E-04 3.3E-06 5.62230071150 2.3E-03 3.9E-03 2.0E-05 1.9E-05 6.4E-04 6.3E-05 1.7E-04 1.5E-06 2.52230071170 8.9E-03 1.5E-02 7.8E-05 7.5E-05 2.5E-03 2.4E-04 6.5E-04 5.9E-06 9.92230071190 2.4E-03 4.1E-03 2.1E-05 2.0E-05 6.7E-04 6.6E-05 1.8E-04 1.6E-06 2.72230071210 9.4E-03 1.6E-02 8.2E-05 7.9E-05 2.6E-03 2.6E-04 6.8E-04 6.2E-06 1.02230071230 7.9E-03 1.6E-02 8.8E-05 8.4E-05 2.3E-03 1.8E-04 8.6E-04 6.2E-06 1.32230071250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2230071270 4.5E-03 7.4E-03 3.6E-05 3.6E-05 1.2E-03 1.3E-04 3.0E-04 2.9E-06 4.72230071290 5.0E-03 8.1E-03 4.0E-05 4.0E-05 1.4E-03 1.5E-04 3.3E-04 3.2E-06 5.12230071310 2.7E-03 4.4E-03 2.1E-05 2.1E-05 7.3E-04 7.8E-05 1.8E-04 1.7E-06 2.72230071330 2.2E-03 3.6E-03 1.8E-05 1.8E-05 6.1E-04 6.5E-05 1.5E-04 1.4E-06 2.32230072110 3.5E-02 6.5E-02 4.3E-04 3.5E-04 1.0E-02 6.8E-04 3.6E-03 2.6E-05 5.42230072130 2.3E-02 3.9E-02 2.0E-04 1.9E-04 6.5E-03 6.5E-04 1.7E-03 1.5E-05 2.62230072150 1.1E-02 1.8E-02 9.1E-05 8.7E-05 2.9E-03 3.0E-04 7.8E-04 6.8E-06 1.22230072170 4.1E-02 6.9E-02 3.5E-04 3.4E-04 1.1E-02 1.2E-03 3.0E-03 2.7E-05 4.72230072190 1.1E-02 1.9E-02 9.6E-05 9.1E-05 3.1E-03 3.1E-04 8.3E-04 7.2E-06 1.3
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1322 

Table 5.6-72 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episo

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx 

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

PN

(tons/

2230072210 4.3E-02 7.2E-02 3.7E-04 3.5E-04 1.2E-02 1.2E-03 3.2E-03 2.8E-05 4.92230072230 3.9E-02 7.7E-02 4.2E-04 4.0E-04 1.1E-02 9.0E-04 4.3E-03 3.0E-05 6.52230072250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2230072270 2.1E-02 3.3E-02 1.6E-04 1.6E-04 5.7E-03 6.2E-04 1.4E-03 1.3E-05 2.22230072290 2.3E-02 3.7E-02 1.8E-04 1.8E-04 6.3E-03 6.8E-04 1.5E-03 1.4E-05 2.42230072310 1.2E-02 2.0E-02 9.6E-05 9.5E-05 3.4E-03 3.7E-04 8.3E-04 7.6E-06 1.32230072330 1.0E-02 1.6E-02 8.0E-05 7.9E-05 2.8E-03 3.0E-04 6.9E-04 6.3E-06 1.12230073110 9.3E-03 4.0E-02 8.4E-05 1.4E-04 2.8E-03 5.5E-04 1.4E-03 1.0E-05 2.12230073130 4.6E-03 1.9E-02 3.2E-05 6.3E-05 1.5E-03 3.4E-04 6.6E-04 5.2E-06 1.02230073150 2.1E-03 8.5E-03 1.5E-05 2.8E-05 6.7E-04 1.6E-04 3.0E-04 2.4E-06 4.62230073170 8.2E-03 3.3E-02 5.7E-05 1.1E-04 2.6E-03 6.0E-04 1.2E-03 9.2E-06 1.82230073190 2.2E-03 9.0E-03 1.6E-05 3.0E-05 7.1E-04 1.6E-04 3.1E-04 2.5E-06 4.92230073210 8.6E-03 3.5E-02 6.0E-05 1.2E-04 2.7E-03 6.3E-04 1.2E-03 9.6E-06 1.92230073230 1.5E-02 7.1E-02 1.2E-04 2.4E-04 4.5E-03 8.9E-04 2.8E-03 1.9E-05 4.32230073250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2230073270 3.7E-03 1.5E-02 2.5E-05 5.0E-05 1.2E-03 2.8E-04 5.2E-04 4.2E-06 8.12230073290 4.1E-03 1.7E-02 2.8E-05 5.5E-05 1.3E-03 3.1E-04 5.7E-04 4.6E-06 8.92230073310 2.2E-03 8.9E-03 1.5E-05 2.9E-05 7.1E-04 1.7E-04 3.1E-04 2.5E-06 4.82230073330 1.8E-03 7.4E-03 1.2E-05 2.4E-05 5.9E-04 1.4E-04 2.6E-04 2.1E-06 4.02230074110 3.1E-02 1.6E-01 2.5E-04 5.3E-04 7.0E-03 1.1E-03 5.7E-03 3.9E-05 8.52230074130 1.5E-02 7.1E-02 9.8E-05 2.5E-04 3.5E-03 7.3E-04 3.0E-03 2.0E-05 4.62230074150 7.0E-03 3.2E-02 4.4E-05 1.1E-04 1.6E-03 3.3E-04 1.4E-03 9.0E-06 2.12230074170 2.7E-02 1.3E-01 1.7E-04 4.3E-04 6.2E-03 1.3E-03 5.3E-03 3.5E-05 8.22230074190 7.4E-03 3.4E-02 4.7E-05 1.2E-04 1.7E-03 3.5E-04 1.4E-03 9.5E-06 2.22230074210 2.9E-02 1.3E-01 1.8E-04 4.5E-04 6.5E-03 1.4E-03 5.6E-03 3.7E-05 8.62230074230 5.0E-02 2.5E-01 3.4E-04 8.6E-04 1.1E-02 1.9E-03 1.1E-02 6.6E-05 1.62230074250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2230074270 1.2E-02 5.6E-02 7.6E-05 1.9E-04 2.8E-03 6.0E-04 2.4E-03 1.6E-05 3.72230074290 1.4E-02 6.2E-02 8.3E-05 2.1E-04 3.1E-03 6.6E-04 2.6E-03 1.7E-05 4.12230074310 7.3E-03 3.3E-02 4.5E-05 1.1E-04 1.7E-03 3.6E-04 1.4E-03 9.4E-06 2.22230074330 6.1E-03 2.8E-02 3.7E-05 9.5E-05 1.4E-03 3.0E-04 1.2E-03 7.8E-06 1.82230075110 2.5E-03 1.1E-02 1.2E-05 2.4E-05 5.1E-04 1.1E-04 4.2E-04 1.8E-06 6.32230075130 1.1E-03 4.4E-03 4.3E-06 9.7E-06 2.2E-04 5.8E-05 1.8E-04 8.3E-07 2.82230075150 4.9E-04 2.0E-03 1.9E-06 4.4E-06 9.7E-05 2.6E-05 8.3E-05 3.8E-07 1.3
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1323 

Table 5.6-72 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Distance Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episo

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx 

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

PN

(tons/

2230075170 1.9E-03 7.8E-03 7.6E-06 1.7E-05 3.8E-04 1.0E-04 3.2E-04 1.5E-06 4.92230075190 5.2E-04 2.1E-03 2.1E-06 4.6E-06 1.0E-04 2.8E-05 8.8E-05 4.0E-07 1.32230075210 2.0E-03 8.2E-03 8.0E-06 1.8E-05 4.0E-04 1.1E-04 3.4E-04 1.5E-06 5.22230075230 4.0E-03 1.8E-02 1.7E-05 4.0E-05 7.7E-04 1.7E-04 7.9E-04 3.1E-06 1.22230075250 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E2230075270 8.7E-04 3.5E-03 3.4E-06 7.7E-06 1.7E-04 4.7E-05 1.5E-04 6.7E-07 2.32230075290 9.5E-04 3.8E-03 3.7E-06 8.4E-06 1.9E-04 5.1E-05 1.6E-04 7.4E-07 2.52230075310 5.1E-04 2.1E-03 2.0E-06 4.5E-06 1.0E-04 2.8E-05 8.7E-05 4.0E-07 1.32230075330 4.2E-04 1.7E-03 1.6E-06 3.8E-06 8.4E-05 2.3E-05 7.2E-05 3.3E-07 1.1

TOTAL 24.24 4.42 0.09 0.05 0.92 0.22 0.11 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1324 

Table 5.6-73 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Vehicle Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episo

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

P

(ton

2201001000 1.6E+01 2.9E-01 0.0E+00 1.7E-03 1.3E+00 2.2E-02 1.2E-02 9.0E-06 22201020000 2.2E+01 4.9E-01 0.0E+00 2.6E-03 1.7E+00 3.6E-02 1.7E-02 1.4E-05 32201040000 1.2E+01 2.5E-01 0.0E+00 1.3E-03 8.9E-01 1.9E-02 8.9E-03 7.3E-06 12201070000 3.8E+00 6.6E-02 0.0E+00 3.3E-04 2.4E-01 8.7E-03 4.2E-03 2.9E-06 82201080000 4.3E-01 3.4E-03 0.0E+00 3.4E-05 3.5E-02 1.4E-04 7.3E-05 1.6E-07 12230001000 2.3E-03 3.5E-03 0.0E+00 4.0E-06 1.4E-03 1.6E-04 7.9E-05 2.8E-07 32230060000 3.7E-02 5.6E-02 0.0E+00 7.1E-05 2.0E-02 6.2E-04 3.1E-04 5.0E-06 12230071000 1.8E-02 2.7E-02 0.0E+00 3.4E-05 9.4E-03 2.7E-04 1.3E-04 2.4E-06 22230072000 8.2E-02 1.3E-01 0.0E+00 1.6E-04 4.4E-02 1.3E-03 6.7E-04 1.1E-05 92230073000 3.3E-02 1.5E-02 0.0E+00 1.9E-05 6.9E-03 5.6E-05 2.8E-05 1.3E-06 42230074000 4.4E-02 2.0E-02 0.0E+00 2.6E-05 9.1E-03 7.0E-05 3.5E-05 1.8E-06 52230075000 1.1E-02 4.3E-03 0.0E+00 6.9E-06 1.9E-03 1.9E-05 9.4E-06 4.8E-07 1

TOTAL 54.89 1.35 0.00 0.01 4.30 0.09 0.04 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1325 

Table 5.6-74 

Calendar Year 2008 Rate Per Profile Emissions Inventory Summary by SCC for Episo

SCC 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day) 

NH3 

(tons/day) 

SOx

(tons/day) 

TOG 

(tons/day) 

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day) 

PSO4 

(tons/day) 

P

(ton

2201001000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 6.9E-03 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201020000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 4.5E-03 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201040000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.3E-03 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201070000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 9.7E-04 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2201080000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 2.3E-04 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230001000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230060000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230071000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230072000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230073000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230074000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.2230075000 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.

TOTAL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

III.D.5.6-1326 

Table 5.6-75 

Calendar Year 2008 On-Road Emissions Summary 

Modeling 

Episode Mode 

CO 

(tons/day) 

NOx

(tons/day)

NH3 

(tons/day)

SOx

(tons/day)

TOG 

(tons/day)

POC 

(tons/day) 

PEC 

(tons/day)

PSO4 

(tons/day)

(t

Episode 1 

RPD 2.3E+01 4.2E+00 8.4E-02 4.8E-02 8.7E-01 4.0E-01 1.3E-01 1.2E-03 

RPV 6.8E+01 1.5E+00 0.0E+00 8.5E-03 6.5E+00 2.5E-01 1.2E-01 7.1E-05 

RPP 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.3E-01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 

TOTAL 91.00 5.72 0.08 0.06 7.55 0.65 0.26 0.00 

Episode 2 

RPD 2.4E+01 4.4E+00 9.1E-02 5.1E-02 9.2E-01 2.2E-01 1.1E-01 1.2E-03 

RPV 5.5E+01 1.3E+00 0.0E+00 6.3E-03 4.3E+00 8.8E-02 4.4E-02 5.6E-05 

RPP 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 1.5E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 

TOTAL 79.13 5.77 0.09 0.06 5.24 0.31 0.16 0.00 

E1 & E2 

Weighted 

Average 

RPD 2.3E+01 4.3E+00 8.8E-02 5.0E-02 8.9E-01 3.2E-01 1.2E-01 1.2E-03 

RPV 6.2E+01 1.4E+00 0.0E+00 7.5E-03 5.5E+00 1.8E-01 8.7E-02 6.4E-05 

RPP 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 7.6E-02 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 

TOTAL 85.57 5.74 0.09 0.06 6.49 0.49 0.21 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1327 

NON‐ROAD MOBILE SOURCES

Non-road sources encompass all mobile sources that are not on-road vehicles. They include 

recreational and commercial off-road vehicles and equipment as well as aircraft, locomotives, 

recreational pleasure craft (boats) and marine vessels. 

This section of the appendix discusses the data and methodologies used to estimate emissions for 

the non-road source sector. (No information on either commercial marine or recreational vessel 

emissions is presented, as they do not operate in the arctic conditions experienced in the 

Fairbanks modeling domain during the winter.) The following sub-sections are organized based 

on the models or tools used to develop emission estimates for specific sources within the 

inventory sector. 

NON‐ROAD	VEHICLES	AND	EQUIPMENT

EPA’s latest NONROAD emissions model, NONROAD200888, was used to generate emissions 

from the following types of non-road vehicles and equipment: 

 Recreational vehicles (e.g., all-terrain vehicles, off-road motorcycles, snowmobiles); 

 Logging equipment (e.g., chain saws); 

 Agricultural equipment (e.g., tractors); 

 Commercial equipment (e.g., welders and compressors); 

 Construction and mining equipment (e.g., graders and backhoes); 

 Industrial equipment (e.g., forklifts and sweepers); 

 Residential and commercial lawn and garden equipment (e.g., leaf and snow blowers); 

 Locomotive support/railway maintenance equipment (but not locomotives); and 

 Aircraft ground support equipment89 (but not aircraft). 

It is important to note that none of these non-road vehicle and equipment types listed above were 

federally regulated until the mid-1990s. (As parenthetically noted for the last two type of 

equipment in the list above, the NONROAD model estimates emission of support equipment for 

the rail and air sectors, but emissions from locomotives and aircraft are not addressed by 

NONROAD and were calculated separately using other models/methods as described in the subsections that follow.) 

Default equipment populations and activity levels in the NONROAD model are based on 

national averages, then scaled down to represent smaller geographic areas on the basis of human 

population and proximity to recreational, industrial, and commercial facilities. EPA recognizes 

the limitations inherent in this “top-down” approach, and realizes that locally generated inputs to 

the model will increase the accuracy of the resulting output. Therefore, in some cases locally 

 

88 U.S. EPA NONROAD Model, Version 2008a, released July 2009. 

89 Although NONROAD can be configured to also estimate emissions from airport ground support equipment 

(GSE), GSE emissions were estimated using the EDMS model as described lunder the “Aircraft” sub-section. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1328 

derived inputs which more accurately reflect the equipment population, growth rates, and 

wintertime activity levels in the Fairbanks area were substituted for EPA’s default input values. 

Calculation Methodology – The NONROAD model calculates emissions from each source 

category according to the following methodology: 

࢙࢚࢏࢔ࢁ ൈ ࢙࢛࢘࢕ࡴ ൈ ࡲࡸ ൈ ࡼ ൈ ࡲࡰ ൈ ࡲࡱ	 ൌ ࢙࢔࢕࢏࢙࢙࢏࢓ࡱ

Where: 

 EF = emission factor in g/hp-hr; 

 DF = deterioration factor (dimensionless); 

 P = engine power in horsepower; 

 LF = load factor (dimensionless); 

 Hours = annual operating hours for each engine (unit); and 

 Units = total population of engines operating in a given year. 

The above calculation yields emissions in grams per year, which the NONROAD model then 

converts to tons per year. For seasonal or daily emissions estimates, the calculated annual 

emissions for each source are then distributed over a given number of calendar months. For 

example, NONROAD assumes by default that all snowmobile activity takes place during the 

winter months, which are defined by the model to be December, January, and February. For this 

analysis, several modifications were made to equipment population growth rates, seasonal 

activity distribution, and annual operating hours and equipment populations. Summarized below 

are the specific modifications made to EPA’s default NONROAD Model inputs. 

Equipment Growth Rates – The NONROAD model predicts future equipment populations using 

national growth rates that have been determined using nationwide historical engine population 

estimates (i.e., for 1989 through 1996) from the Power Systems Research (PSR) PartsLink 

database. Given the relatively flat, and in some cases negative population growth predicted for 

Alaska’s interior region, it is believed that the default NONROAD growth rates do not provide 

an accurate representation of equipment population growth trends in the 2010 through 2019 

timeframe. For example, the default NONROAD growth factor results in a 2.8% annual increase 

in the snowmobile population in Fairbanks between 2010 and 2020—a figure that is twice as 

high as the annual human population growth rate predicted by the Alaska Department of Labor 

& Workforce Development for this area over the same period of time. 

As shown in Table 5.6-76, a relatively flat annual growth rate of 1.4% for the total population of 

Alaska’s interior region is predicted through 2020, which includes a negative growth rate in 

some of the smaller areas surrounding the Fairbanks nonattainment area. Therefore, to better 

reflect the 2015 and 2019 equipment populations in the Fairbanks nonattainment area, the human 

population projections for the individual interior regions shown in Table 1 were used as 

surrogate equipment population growth rates for all NONROAD equipment modeling performed 

for this inventory. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1329 

Table 5.6-76 

Alaska Interior Region Human Population by Area (2010 to 2020) 

Interior Region July 1, 2010 July 1, 2015 July 1, 2020 

Annual 

Growth Rate 

(2010-2020) 

Denali Borough 1,826 1,796 1,752 -0.41% 

Fairbanks North Star Borough 98,000 105,928 113,275 1.56% 

Southeast Fairbanks Census Area 7,055 7,635 8,141 1.54% 

Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area 5,615 5,288 5,001 -1.09% 

Interior Region Total 112,496 120,647 128,169 1.39% 

Modifications to Snowmobile Inputs – Because the overwhelming majority of the wintertime 

non-road emissions in the Fairbanks area are associated with snowmobile activity, it was 

important to utilize all available FNSB-specific input NONROAD modeling parameters for this 

equipment category. This analysis was performed using the following modifications to 

NONROAD’s snowmobile inputs: 

Snowmobile Populations – The current version of EPA’s NONROAD model predicts a calendar 

year (CY) 2010 population of 12,193 snowmobiles in the Borough, which is very close to the 

12,420 snowmobiles registered in FNSB for that same year.90 However, snowmobile 

populations in the areas surrounding FNSB did not approximate DMV registration data as 

closely as in the Borough, as shown in Table 5.6-77 below. Consequently, the CY2010 DMV 

registration totals shown below were substituted for the default NONROAD snowmobile 

population. 

Table 5.6-77 

Alaska Interior Region Snowmobile Population by Area for CY 2010 

Interior Region NONROAD Default 

Population 

Alaska DMV 

Registrations 

Denali Borough 168 410 

Fairbanks North Star Borough 12,193 12,420 

Southeast Fairbanks Census Area 518 1,115 

Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area 567 808 

Snowmobile Activity – Snowmobile use inside the urban nonattainment area is largely banned 

because of public safety ordinances that prohibit their use on public trails and on public 

 

90 Data obtained from the Alaska Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV). 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1330 

roadways. To address the fact that most snowmobile activity takes place outside the 

nonattainment area, the NONROAD default annual activity rate of 57 hours/year/unit was 

applied to only half of the FNSB snowmobile population. In addition, to account for loading, 

unloading, and maintenance activities that presumably take place inside the nonattainment area, 

an additional 1 hour/year/unit of snowmobile activity was assumed for the entire snowmobile 

population. All other snowmobile activity is assumed to occur in areas outside the Borough 

and/or the nonattainment area. 

Snow Blowers – For purposes of this analysis, emissions from this equipment source were 

assumed to be zero. PM2.5 violations (and consequently, PM2.5 design days) always occur when 

there is a strong inversion layer over the region, rather than during periods of snow activity when 

snow blowers are typically used. Therefore, since snow blowers are not typically in use on the 

PM2.5 design day, we have discounted their emissions from this analysis. 

Nonexistent Wintertime Activity – Due to the severe outdoor weather conditions present in 

Fairbanks during the winter months, FNSB staff has determined that there is zero wintertime 

activity for a number of different equipment categories. Therefore, all activity and 

corresponding emissions for the following non-road equipment categories have been removed 

from this analysis: 

 Lawn and Garden; 

 Agricultural Equipment; 

 Logging Equipment; 

 Pleasure Craft (i.e., personal watercraft, inboard and sterndrive motor boats); 

 Selected Recreational Equipment (i.e., golf carts, ATVs, off-road motorcycles); and 

 Commercial Equipment (i.e., generator sets, pressure washers, welders, pumps, A/C 

refrigeration units). 

Selected equipment from the following categories was retained, as follows: 

 Construction and Mining – Graders, off-highway trucks, rubber tire dozers, and rubber 

tire loaders were retained to represent snow removal equipment activity. 

 Industrial Equipment – Equipment that primarily operates indoors (such as forklifts, 

aerial lifts, and terminal tractors) was retained. 

Equipment Not Included in NONROAD Model – Discussions with FNSB staff91 indicate that 

indirect-fired temporary Diesel and propane heaters are commonly used in FNSB in connection 

with any indoor construction or repair work performed during the winter months. These heaters 

are in constant use (24 hours/day, 7 days/week) during the six month FNSB winter period while 

regular indoor heating systems at construction sites are non-operational. Because these heaters 

 

91 Personal communication between Glenn Miller (FNSB) and Bob Dulla (Sierra Research), 3/4/2013. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1331 

are not included on the NONROAD model equipment list, we have calculated emissions from 

this source separately, as shown below in Table 5.6-78 and Table 5.6-79. 

FNSB staff has estimated that a total of 30 heaters (10 small propane and 20 large Diesel units) 

operate continually at various construction sites during the winter months. Unit heating capacity 

was obtained from vendor specifications.92

Table 5.6-78 

Emissions from Indirect-Fired Temporary Heaters - Diesel 

# units 

Unit Heating 

Capacity 

(Btu/hr)

Fuel Heat 

Value 

(Btu/gallon)

Emission Factors(lb/1000 gallons) 

(AP-42, Table 1.3-1) 

NOx CO PM TOC SOx

20 2,000,000 138,500 10 5 2 0.556 0.61 

Tons/Year from All Units: 6.3 3.2 1.3 0.35 0.39 

Table 5.6-79 

Emissions from Indirect-Fired Temporary Heaters - Propane 

# units 

Unit Heating 

Capacity 

(Btu/hr)

Fuel Heat 

Value 

(Btu/ft3)

Emission Factors(lb/106 ft3) 

(AP-42, Table 4-1) 

NOx CO PM TOC SOx

10 450,000 2,500 100 21 4.5 5.8 0.426 

Tons/Year from All Units: 0.39 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.002 

These indirect-fired temporary heater emissions were added to the inventory and assumed to 

occur only during winter months. The Source Classification Codes (SCCs) assigned to these 

heaters were as follows: 

 SCC 2270002000 – Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and 

Mining Equipment, Total; and 

 SCC 2267002000 – Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, All. 

Fuel and Temperature Inputs – NONROAD modeling runs were executed for the four counties 

within the PM2.5 modeling domain: 

 

92 http://www.etopp.com/indirect-fired-temporary-heaters.html. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1332 

1. Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB); 

2. Denali Borough; 

3. Southeast Fairbanks Census Area; and 

4. Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area. 

For each of these counties, calendar year 2008, 2015 and 2019 wintertime fuel parameters for 

both gasoline and diesel fueled equipment were set to correspond to the levels EPA has assumed 

in the MOVES model for FNSB. This reflects the fact that mobile source fuel in interior Alaska 

is refined locally. So the same gasoline and diesel refinery blends are used in both on-road and 

non-road sources in Fairbanks. Table 5.6-80 below shows both the NONROAD default values 

and the FNSB fuel parameters and temperature inputs used in this NONROAD modeling effort. 

Table 5.6-80 

NONROAD Modeling Wintertime Fuel and Temperature Inputs 

Fuel Parameter 

NONROAD 

Default CY 2008 CY2015 CY 2019 

Gasoline RVP 8.0 14.7 

Gas Oxygen Weight (%) 2.44 0.0 

Gas Sulfur (%) 0.0339 0.00688 0.0028 

Diesel Sulfur (%) 0.0351 0.0043 0.0011 

Marine Diesel Sulfur (%) 0.0435 0.0043 0.0011 

CNG/LPG Sulfur (%) 0.003 0.003 

Stage II Control (%) 0 0 

EtOH Blend Market (%) 75.1 0 

EtOH Volume (%) 9.3 0 

Minimum Temperature (0F) - -15.7 

Maximum Temperature (0F) - 4.0 

Average Temperature (0F) - -6.0 

Annual and Seasonal Model Runs – As explained earlier, the NONROAD model was executed 

to generate average winter season emissions, overriding seasonal variation defaults in the model 

where local data were available. The winter season emissions were tabulated into as winter daily 

averages over model runs for the six winter months (October through March). In addition, 

annual (12-month) model runs were also executed because of the way in which emissions must 

be formatted for input to the SMOKE emissions processing model to support the attainment 

modeling. For non-road sources, SMOKE requires annual average emission inputs (in tons/year) 

coupled with monthly temporal allocation factors. These temporal allocations were developed 

from the winter season average and annual emission estimates. Although non-road sources are 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1333 

not the dominant sector for direct PM2.5 and precursor emissions in the modeling domain during 

the winter non-attainment season, several of the sources (e.g., snowmobiles) exhibit strong 

seasonal activity variations which needed to be accounted for in the inventory workflow feeding 

the attainment modeling. 

Summary of Emissions – Calendar year 2008 NONROAD model emissions tabulated by 

equipment category totaled across the four-county modeling domain are presented below in 

Table 5.6-81. (These tabulations also include emissions from temporary heaters which were 

added to the NONROAD model outputs as noted earlier.) 

Table 5.6-81 

Calendar Year 2008 NONROAD Model Emissions by Equipment Category 

Equipment Category 

Grid 3 Domain NONROAD Model Emissions (tons/year) 

VOC CO NOx SOx PM10-PRI PM25-PRI NH3 

Recreational Equipment 2,072.2 5,153.1 23.7 1.4 48.5 44.7 0.5

Construction & Mining Equipment 40.8 333.5 256.7 1.2 23.3 22.5 0.2

Industrial Equipment 4.9 86.3 25.0 0.1 1.5 1.4 1.4

Lawn & Garden Equipment (Res) 90.6 1,080.7 11.1 0.1 1.7 1.5 0.0

Lawn & Garden Equipment (Com) 6.4 90.6 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0

Agricultural Equipment 3.0 24.5 24.1 0.1 2.3 2.3 0.1

Commercial Equipment 30.7 532.5 20.7 0.1 1.7 1.7 1.2

Logging Equipment 2.6 26.0 6.7 0.0 0.7 0.6 0.0

Pleasure Craft 319.1 948.8 44.8 0.3 5.2 4.8 0.1

Railroad Equipment 0.2 2.3 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

TOTALS 2,570.4 8,278.4 415.3 3.2 85.4 80.0 3.5

Attachment D provides a detailed listing of calendar year 2008 NONROAD outputs by 

individual SCC for each of the four counties within the modeling domain. It also includes the 

SCC-specific winter season allocation factors used in the attainment modeling to apportion 

annual emissions to episodic wintertime daily averages. 

Spatial Allocation – In the absence of well-developed, source-specific surrogates for Alaska93, 

NONROAD outputs were spatially allocated to individual grid cells in the modeling domain 

based on apportionment factors developed from block-level occupied household counts obtained 

from the 2010 U.S. Census. It was assumed that relative density of occupied households was a 

reasonable surrogate for allocating all SCC-specific categories from the NONROAD modeling 

runs with the exception of snowmobiles, which used a modified version of the Occupied 

 

93 EPA has developed a detailed set of SMOKE-ready surrogate files for use in spatial allocation down to 4 km grid 

cell sizes as described here: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/spatial/index.html. However, although the domain 

over which these surrogates were developed convers much of North American, is does not extend to Alaska. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1334 

Household surrogate based on allocations of snowmobile activity inside and outside the PM2.5

non-attainment area that were discussed earlier in this sub-section. 

LOCOMOTIVES

Emissions for two types of locomotive activity were included in the emissions inventory: 

1) Line-Haul – locomotive emissions along rail lines within the modeling domain (from 

Healy to Fairbanks and Fairbanks to Eielson Air Force Base); and 

2) Yard Switching – locomotive emissions from train switching activities within the 

Fairbanks and Eielson rail yards. 

Information on wintertime train activity (circa 2010) was obtained from the Alaska Railroad 

Corporation94 (ARRC), the sole rail utility operating within the modeling domain, providing both 

passenger and freight service. These activity data were combined with locomotive emission 

factors published by EPA95 to estimate rail emissions within the emissions inventory. 

Table 5.6-82 lists the train activity data by line segment and switching yard supplied by ARRC. 

Conversations with ARRC indicated that these November 2010 estimates were reasonably 

representative of the broader six month winter season. 

Table 5.6-82 

Winter 2010 Train Activity by Line Segment and Yard 

Line Segment or 

Switching Yard 

November Avg.

(# of trains/day) 1

Hours of 

Operation 

Miles 

( per train)

Locomotives 

(per train)2

Fuel Cons. 

(gal/train)3

Healy to Fairbanks 4 0001 - 1800 108 5 1512 

Fairbanks to North Pole 2 2100 - 0800 17 4 190 

North Pole to Eielson 1 0800 - 1600 12 2 67 

Eielson to Ft. Greely Zero n/a 80 Zero 

Fairbanks Yard 2 24 Hours 10 2 56 

Eielson Yard4 1 8 Hours 5 1 14 

Notes: 

1

 The Healy to Fairbanks segment is based on average number of trains run in a week divided by seven days. The 

North Pole to Eielson value is an average number. ARRC does not go to Eielson from Fairbanks every day. 

2

 Locomotive numbers from Fairbanks Operations Chief 

3

 Fuel consumption from Mechanical Manager (~2.8 gallons/mi at average throttle speed) 

4

 Eielson AFB has their own yard locomotives 

Source: Alaska Railroad Corporation. 

 

94 Email from Greg Lotakis, Alaska Railroad Corporation to Bob Dulla, Sierra Research, May 10, 2011. 

95 “Emission Factors for Locomotives,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air 

Quality, EPA-420-F-09-025, April 2009. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1335 

ARRC staff also indicated that train activity in this part of the state has been fairly flat from year 

to year. Thus, these 2010 estimates were assumed to be reasonably representative of base year 

2008 activity. Given the modest rate of future economic growth forecasted for the Alaskan 

interior, the train activity shown in Table 5.6-82 was assumed constant in future year inventories 

through 2019. 

These train activity data were combined with EPA-published locomotive emission factors which 

are presented in Table 5.6-83. In the absence of detailed locomotive age data from ARRC, the 

calendar year specific emission factors shown in Table 5.6-83 were based on Tables 5 through 7 

of the cited EPA locomotives publication. 

Table 5.6-83 

EPA Emission Factors (g/gal) for Locomotives by Calendar Year and Activity Type 

Calendar 

Year Activity Type HC CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SO2

2008 Large Line-Haul 9.0 26.6 169 5.1 4.9 3.13 

2008 Large Switch 14.5 38.1 243 5.5 5.3 3.13 

2015 Large Line-Haul 5.7 26.6 129 3.4 3.3 0.09 

2015 Large Switch 12.6 38.1 215 4.8 4.7 0.09 

2019 Large Line-Haul 3.9 26.6 103 2.5 2.4 0.09 

2019 Large Switch 11.4 38.1 200 4.4 4.3 0.09 

Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-420-F-09-025. 

Emission factors for CO are constant across calendar year since the CO standard is the same 

across all locomotive Tier categories. Per EPA guidance, PM2.5 emission factors were scaled 

from those for PM10 using a 97% scaling factor. SO2 emission factors were also developed 

based on EPA guidance using estimates of diesel fuel density (3200 g/gal), sulfur to SO2

conversion rate (97.5%) and fuel sulfur (500 ppm in 2008, 15 ppm in 2012 and later from Alaska 

Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel96 phase in). 

Table 5.6-84 through Table 5.6-86 show the locomotive emissions calculated by combining 

activity and emission factor data in the preceding two tables, multiplying fuel consumption by 

the gram per gallon emission factors. 

 

 

96 https://dec.alaska.gov/air/anpms/ulsd/ulsdhome.htm 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1336 

Table 5.6-84 

Calendar Year 2008 Locomotive Emissions by Line Segment and Yard 

Line Segment or Switching Yard HC CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SO2

Healy to Fairbanks (lb/day) 120.00 354.67 2253.38 68.00 65.96 41.73

Fairbanks to North Pole (lb/day) 7.54 22.28 141.58 4.27 4.14 2.62

North Pole to Eielson (lb/day) 1.33 3.93 24.96 0.75 0.73 0.46

Eielson to Ft. Greely (lb/day) 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fairbanks Yard (lb/day) 3.58 9.41 60.00 1.36 1.32 0.77

Eielson Yard (lb/day) 0.45 1.18 7.50 0.17 0.16 0.10

Total Locomotive Emissions (lb/day) 132.90 391.47 2487.43 74.56 72.32 45.68

Total Locomotive Emissions (tons/year) 24.25 71.44 453.96 13.61 13.20 8.34

Table 5.6-85 

Calendar Year 2015 Locomotive Emissions by Line Segment and Yard 

Line Segment or Switching Yard HC CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SO2

Healy to Fairbanks (lb/day) 76.00 354.67 1720.04 45.33 43.97 1.25

Fairbanks to North Pole (lb/day) 4.78 22.28 108.07 2.85 2.76 0.08

North Pole to Eielson (lb/day) 0.84 3.93 19.05 0.50 0.49 0.01

Eielson to Ft. Greely (lb/day) 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fairbanks Yard (lb/day) 3.11 9.41 53.09 1.19 1.15 0.02

Eielson Yard (lb/day) 0.39 1.18 6.64 0.15 0.14 0.00

Total Locomotive Emissions (lb/day) 85.12 391.47 1906.89 50.02 48.52 1.37

Total Locomotive Emissions (tons/year) 15.53 71.44 348.01 9.13 8.85 0.25

Table 5.6-86 

Calendar Year 2019 Locomotive Emissions by Line Segment and Yard 

Line Segment or Switching Yard HC CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 SO2

Healy to Fairbanks (lb/day) 52.00 354.67 1373.36 33.33 32.33 1.25

Fairbanks to North Pole (lb/day) 3.27 22.28 86.29 2.09 2.03 0.08

North Pole to Eielson (lb/day) 0.58 3.93 15.21 0.37 0.36 0.01

Eielson to Ft. Greely (lb/day) 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Fairbanks Yard (lb/day) 2.81 9.41 49.38 1.09 1.05 0.02

Eielson Yard (lb/day) 0.35 1.18 6.17 0.14 0.13 0.00

Total Locomotive Emissions (lb/day) 59.01 391.47 1530.42 37.02 35.91 1.37

Total Locomotive Emissions (tons/year) 10.77 71.44 279.30 6.76 6.55 0.25
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1337 

Spatial Allocation – Line-haul locomotive emissions over each of the rail segments listed in the 

preceding tables were spatially allocated to individual grid cells in the modeling domain using 

GIS software and a statewide rail line shapefile developed by the U.S. Department of 

Transportation. The allocations assumed a constant line-haul speed and thus were proportional 

to the lineal track length within each grid cell. 

Yard-switching emissions were allocated to specific grid cells that encompassed the Fairbanks 

and Eielson rail yards using estimated apportionment factors that corresponded to the amounts of 

switching track lines within each cell. 

AIRCRAFT

Emissions were estimated from aircraft operations at three regional airfields within the modeling 

domain: 1) Fairbanks International Airport (FAI); 2) Fort Wainwright Army Post97 (FBK); and 

3) Eielson Air Force Base (EIL). The aircraft emissions were developed using the Federal 

Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Emission and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS). EDMS 

considers the physical characteristics of each airport along with detailed meteorological and 

operations information in order to estimate the overall emissions of aircraft, ground support 

equipment (GSE) and auxiliary power units (APUs) at each airport. At the time the analysis was 

performed, EDMS 5.1.3 was the latest available version. 

EDMS Methodology Summary - The EDMS model requires as input detailed information on 

landings and take-offs (LTO) for each aircraft type in order to assign GSE and estimate the 

associated emissions. Each LTO is assumed to comprise six distinct aircraft related emissions 

modes: startup, taxi out, take off, climb out, approach, and taxi in. The EDMS modeled defaults 

for time in mode and angle of climb out and approach were used for purposes of this analysis. In 

order to properly allocate aircraft emissions to each vertical layer of analysis (elevation above 

ground level), aircraft emissions were estimated for each mode and ascribed to a specific vertical 

layer. The vertical grid structure established for the Fairbanks PM2.5 attainment modeling 

consists of 38 vertical layers ranging between ground level and 100,000 feet as shown in Table 

5.6-87. The current version of EDMS allows the user to vary the mixing height over a range 

from 1,000 feet to a maximum of 10,000 feet. Thus, the tan-shaded layers (1 through 21) in 

Table 5.6-87 represent those for which EDMS emissions were assigned or distributed as 

described below. 

Emissions associated with aircraft start up, taxi in or out, and take off, were assigned to Layer 2 

(approximately 13 feet above ground level) to reflect average engine heights above ground. GSE 

and APU emissions were assigned to Layer 1. Climb out and approach emissions were ascribed 

proportionately between layers 2 and 11 (form 13 to approximately 1,300 feet) based upon the 

relative size of the distance between layer boundaries. Separate EDMS runs were made for each 

of the remaining 10 layers (Layers 12-21) with boundaries between 1,000 and 10,000 feet. 

All EDMS runs assumed the minimum temperature allowable in default mode of -9.08oC 

(15.7oF). The following sub-sections separately describe the data sources, assumptions and 

methods used to generate EDMS-based aircraft emission estimates for each airfield. 

 

97 Formerly Ladd Air Force Base.
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1338 

Table 5.6-87 

Vertical Layer Boundaries Included in the Emissions Analysis 

Layer Meters Feet Layer Meters Feet 

1 0 0 20 2,408.84 7,903.01 

2 4.00 13.13 21 2,922.27 9,587.47 

3 8.00 26.26 22 3,470.92 11,387.50 

4 12.81 42.03 23 4,059.98 13,320.13 

5 23.63 77.54 24 4,695.90 15,406.45 

6 46.94 153.99 25 5,386.76 17,673.05 

7 67.89 222.73 26 6,142.97 20,154.05 

8 112.79 370.05 27 6,978.19 22,894.28 

9 177.96 583.87 28 7,910.89 25,954.32 

10 276.73 907.91 29 8,966.86 29,418.78 

11 410.35 1,346.28 30 10,126.79 33,224.30 

12 546.23 1,792.09 31 11,416.93 37,457.05 

13 684.46 2,245.61 32 12,875.50 42,242.38 

14 825.13 2,707.10 33 14,512.04 47,611.59 

15 968.31 3,176.85 34 16,445.80 53,955.93 

16 1,150.96 3,776.12 35 18,747.26 61,506.62 

17 1,375.80 4,513.78 36 21,744.80 71,341.08 

18 1,646.36 5,401.43 37 25,751.01 84,484.76 

19 1,987.69 6,521.28 38 32,139.07 105,442.93 

Fairbanks International Airport - Fairbanks International Airport is a state-owned public-use 

airport located three miles (5 km) southwest of the central business district of Fairbanks in the 

North Star Borough of Alaska. Given the fact that FAI is positioned only 9.5 hours from 90% of 

the northern industrialized hemisphere and considering that the airport is open 24 hours a day 

(including holidays), FAI is convenient for servicing cargo airlines as a refueling stop for aircraft 

on trans-polar routes. FAI is also served by a number of passenger airlines. 

Annual LTOs for FAI in 2008, 25,607, were obtained from the Alaska International Airport 

System (AIAS)98. However, these AIAS data did not include the distribution of LTOs by aircraft 

type. The LTO distribution by aircraft types was derived from the FAI Statistics System.99 A 

report generated for January of 2011 included the activity of 45 air carriers utilizing 39 different 

types of aircraft. 92% of the reported LTOs were attributable to aircraft types that were included 

in the EDMS model. The remaining 8% of the LTOs were either ascribed to similar aircraft with 

respect to manufacturer, size and purpose, or proportionately distributed among those aircraft 

types present in the model. Table 5.6-88 presents the distribution of 2008 LTOs by airframe for 

FAI used in the modeling. 

 

98 Alaska International Airport System – Statistics, Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, 

http://dot.alaska.gov/aias/stat2557scascca.shtml. 99 http://dot.alaska.gov/faiiap/index.shtml. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1339 

Table 5.6-88 

2008 LTOs by Aircraft Type for Fairbanks International Airport (FAI) 

Airframe LTOs Airframe LTOs 

Boeing 737-400 3,075 Douglas DC-6 891 

Boeing 737-700 353 Dehavilland Q400 17 

Boeing 737-800 1,882 Bombardier DHC-8 1,764 

Boeing 737-900 554 Embraer EM-120 168 

Boeing 747-200 67 Embraer EJR-135 17 

Boeing 747-400 50 Gulfstream 450 17 

Boeing 767-300 34 Gulfstream 550 50 

ATR-72 319 Gulfstream IV 34 

Beechcraft-1900C 1,680 Gulfstream V 101 

Beechcraft-1900D 706 Hawker HS-125 900XP 34 

Boeing BBJ 34 Lockheed L-100-30 118 

Bombardier Global Express 34 Lear-35A 403 

Cessna 206 907 Piper PA-31 7,511 

Cessna 208 3,730 Piper PC-12 50 

Cessna Citation 550 17 Piper Lance PA32R 756 

Bombardier Challenger 604 84 Fairchild SA-227 17 

Dassault Falcon 20 50 Short Sky Van 84 

In default mode, EDMS automatically assigns GSE and auxiliary power units (APU) to each 

LTO based upon airframe type. GSE include air conditioning units, air starts, aircraft tractors, 

baggage tractors, belt loaders, bobtails, cabin service trucks, cargo loaders, carts, catering trucks, 

deicers, fork lifts, fuel trucks, generators, ground power units, hydrant carts, lavatory trucks, lifts, 

passenger stands, service trucks, sweepers, water service trucks, and any other vehicles or 

equipment that tend to the aircraft while at the gate. Although APUs are most often on-board 

generators that provide electrical power to the aircraft while its engines are shut down, many 

aircraft utilize external generators. For purposes of this analysis, the EDMS defaults for GSE 

and APU age distribution, motive power and operating time per LTO were used. All GSE and 

APUs emissions were assigned to ground level as noted earlier. 

The EDMS estimated 2008 emission inventory for FAI is presented in Table 5.6-89 below. 

Table 5.6-89 

2008 FAI Emissions Inventory by Source Category (Metric Tons per Day) 

Source CO2 CO THC VOC TOG NOx SOx PM10 PM2.5

Aircraft 76.439 1.934 0.118 0.115 0.125 0.255 0.031 0.002 0.002

APU - 0.010 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.001

GSE - 0.328 - 0.011 0.012 0.036 0.001 0.001 0.001

Totals 76.439 2.272 0.118 0.127 0.138 0.296 0.033 0.004 0.004

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1340 

Fort Wainwright/LADD Army Airfield - Fort Wainwright (FBK) is located adjacent to Fairbanks 

in the interior of Alaska in the North Star Borough about 365 miles north of Anchorage. 

Information regarding 2008 LTOs was obtained from FBK in the form of monthly average 

flights by group. Table 5.6-90 below presents these data. (Annual LTOs were developed by 

multiplying the monthly averages shown in Table 5.6-90 by a factor of 12.) 

Table 5.6-90 

Fort Wainwright Monthly Average Flights by Group 

Group Base Year 

Military/Local 832 

Military/Transient 195 

General Aviation / Local 486 

General Aviation / Transient 570 

Monthly Total 2,083 

Summaries of the type of aircraft in each of these groups are provided below: 

 Military/Local - denotes activity by Army-owned aircraft stationed at Ladd Army 

Airfield which are all rotary-wing aircraft; CH-47 Chinook, UH-60 Blackhawks and OH58 Kiowa Warriors. The monthly LTOs for this group were distributed according to the 

proportion of available aircraft. 

 Military/Transient - reflects activity by military aircraft that utilize the airspace/airfield 

that are not stationed at Ladd Army Airfield. The aircraft inventory includes the A-10 

Warthog, C-12 Huron, C-130 Hercules, C-17 Globe Master, F-16 Falcon and KC-135 

Strato-Tanker. The monthly LTO for this group were assumed to be evenly distributed 

across the available airframes. 

 General Aviation/Local - represents activity by Bureau of Land Management (BLM) 

owned aircraft stationed at Ladd Army Airfield. The aircraft mix in this group includes 

the Bell 212, Euro-Copter AS-350, Canadair CL-215 Scooper, CASA C-212 Avio-car, 

Cessna 206 Sky Wagon, Dornier 228 and Short Sherpa. The LTOs for this group were 

evenly distributed across all airframes. 

 General Aviation/Transient - denotes activity by non-military aircraft not stationed at 

Ladd Army Airfield. The mix of aircraft in this group includes the Beech King Air 350, 

Boeing 737, Citation Cessna 552, Gulfstream Jet V, and Bell 206 Jet-Ranger. 

As was the case with FAI, some of the aircraft in use at FBK were not found in the EDMS 

database. In these instances, alternative airframes were selected according to similarity, or the 

LTOs associated with those missing aircraft were proportionately distributed among the 

remainder of the fleet. The LTOs by aircraft used in the FBK modeling are presented in Table 

5.6-91. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1341 

Table 5.6-91 

2008 LTOs by Aircraft Type for Fort Wainwright/LADD Army Airfield (FBK) 

Airframe LTOs Airframe LTOs 

Bell 206 2,876 Dornier 228 1,166 

Boeing 737 1,710 A-10 Thunderbolt II 390 

C-17 Globe Master 390 Gulfstream Jet V 1,710 

CH-46 Sea Knight 3,328 OH-6 Cayuse 3,328 

KC-135 Strato-Tanker 390 F-16 Falcon 390 

CL-415 1,166 C-12 Huron 390 

CASA C-212 1,166 UH-60 Blackhawk 3,328 

Cessna 206 Sky Wagon 1,166 C-130 Hercules 390 

Citation Cessna 552 1,710 Total 24,996

GSE and APU assignment and emissions were modeled using the EDMS defaults. The resulting 

inventory for FBK is summarized in Table 5.6-92 as follows. 

Table 5.6-92 

2008 FBK Emissions Inventory by Source Category (Metric Tons per Day) 

Source CO2 CO THC VOC TOG NOx SOx PM10 PM2.5

Aircraft 77.839 0.506 0.115 0.132 0.133 0.287 0.032 0.004 0.004 

APU 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.001 

GSE 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.001 

Totals 77.839 0.625 0.115 0.137 0.139 0.318 0.033 0.005 0.005

Eielson Air Force Base - Eielson Air Force Base (EIL) is located approximately 26 miles (42 

km) southeast of Fairbanks, Alaska in central Alaska's Fairbanks-North Star Borough. North 

Pole is the nearest community to the base, located nine miles away. Established in 1943 as Mile 

26 Satellite Field, Eielson is home to the 354th Fighter Wing which is part of the Eleventh Air 

Force (11 AF) of Pacific Air Forces (PACAF). 

Eielson played an important role because of its strategic location. Aircraft movement 

information including take off, landings, touch-and-go, low approach, or aircraft passing though 

EIL airspace were provided by AFB personnel for February of 2008. It was estimated that some 

1,100 aircraft movements per month (13,200 annual LTOs) were attributable to AFB operations 

with an approximately 60% / 40% military / civilian distribution. 

The airframes assigned to EIL include the A-10 Thunderbolt II, C-123, F-4 Phantom II, F-16 

Fighting Falcon, KC-135 Strato-Tanker, and the OV-10 Bronco. Lacking aircraft specific LTO 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1342 

information, it was assumed that each aircraft was equally likely to have contributed to overall 

emissions for the purposes of this analysis. Civilian traffic was attributed to the Piper PA-31 as 

the most frequent flyer found in the analysis of FAI. The assumed LTOs by aircraft type for EIL 

are included in Table 5.6-93 below. 

Table 5.6-93 

2008 LTOs by Aircraft Type for Eielson Air Force Base (EIL) 

Airframe LTOs Airframe LTOs 

KC-135 Strato-Tanker 1,056 Rockwell OV-10 Bronco 1,056 

A-10 1,056 T-38 Talon 1,056 

Martin WB-57F Cabrera 1,056 Piper PA-31 5,808 

Lockheed Martin F-16 Falcon 1,056 McDonnell Douglas F4 

Phantom 

1,056 

As for the other airfields, GSE and APU assignment and emissions were also modeled using the 

EDMS defaults. The resulting inventory for Eielson is presented in Table 5.6-94. 

Table 5.6-94 

2008 EIL Emissions Inventory by Source Category (Metric Tons per Day) 

Source CO2 CO THC VOC TOG NOx SOx PM10 PM2.5

Aircraft 155.062 0.669 0.092 0.106 0.106 0.653 0.064 0.006 0.006 

APU 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.001

GSE 0.000 0.112 0.000 0.005 0.005 0.027 0.001 0.001 0.001

Totals 155.062 0.685 0.092 0.110 0.111 0.713 0.065 0.009 0.009 

Combined Airfield Emissions Inventory - Taken in the aggregate, the three airfields included in 

the current analysis contribute only modestly to the overall emissions of the region. The vast 

majority of emissions associated with aircraft take off, landing and related ground support 

equipment occur near ground level which may result in increased exposure. Table 5.6-95 

presents the combined emissions of the three analyzed airfields stratified by vertical layer. 

The emission units in Table 5.6-95 differ from those in the earlier airfield-specific tables. EMDS 

output units of metric tons were used in those tables. They have been converted to tons in Table 

5.6-95 for consistent comparison with other sectors of the emissions inventory. EDMS 5.1.3 

does not estimate ammonia (NH3) emissions for aircraft; thus as highlighted in gray in Table 5.6-

95, they were assumed to be zero. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1343 

Table 5.6-95 

2008 Combined Emissions Inventory of Aircraft Operations (Tons/Day) 

Layer VOC CO NOx SOx NH3 PM10 PM2.5

1 0.0245 0.5222 0.1451 0.0045 0 0.0078 0.0076

2 0.3439 1.9753 0.8279 0.0983 0 0.0093 0.0093

3 0.0004 0.0082 0.0019 0.0002 0 0.0000 0.0000

4 0.0003 0.0049 0.0011 0.0001 0 0.0000 0.0000

5 0.0006 0.0111 0.0026 0.0003 0 0.0000 0.0000

6 0.0012 0.0240 0.0055 0.0007 0 0.0001 0.0001

7 0.0011 0.0215 0.0050 0.0006 0 0.0000 0.0000

8 0.0024 0.0462 0.0106 0.0013 0 0.0001 0.0001

9 0.0034 0.0670 0.0154 0.0019 0 0.0001 0.0001

10 0.0052 0.1016 0.0234 0.0028 0 0.0002 0.0002

11 0.0070 0.1374 0.0317 0.0038 0 0.0003 0.0003

12 0.0058 0.1656 0.0334 0.0036 0 0.0003 0.0003

13 0.0036 0.1570 0.0336 0.0032 0 0.0003 0.0003

14 0.0035 0.1559 0.0318 0.0030 0 0.0003 0.0003

15 0.0031 0.1300 0.0664 0.0047 0 0.0005 0.0005

16 0.0030 0.1552 0.0996 0.0063 0 0.0007 0.0007

17 0.0011 0.0830 0.0330 0.0022 0 0.0003 0.0003

18 0.0013 0.0990 0.0273 0.0019 0 0.0002 0.0002

19 0.0009 0.0608 0.0341 0.0022 0 0.0002 0.0002

20 0.0005 0.0137 0.0203 0.0012 0 0.0001 0.0001

21 0.0007 0.0096 0.0130 0.0013 0 0.0000 0.0000

Total 0.4136 3.9490 1.4627 0.1441 0 0.0208 0.0206

Spatial Allocation – In addition to the vertical layer allocations represented in Table 5.6-95, 

simple horizontal allocations of aircraft emissions were developed within a GIS system based on 

a map overlay of each of the three airfields and the modeling domains grid cells. Ground-based 

and elevated (climb out and approach) emissions were distributed into the 3-5 specific grid cells 

that encompassed the runway and taxiway/terminal apron areas of each airfield. (Refined 

allocations of climb out and approach emissions by horizontal and vertical cell reflecting typical 

in-air flight trajectories at each airfield were not developed given the magnitude of airfield 

emissions relative to the entire emissions inventory and significance of ground-based sources 

under the limited vertical mixing characterizing winter PM2.5 episodes in Fairbanks.) 

SUMMARY	OF	NON‐ROAD	EMISSIONS

Table 5.6-96 provides a summary of annual emissions totaled across the modeling domain for 

each of the source “groups” within the non-road sector and by calendar year. Primary (i.e., 

direct) PM2.5 emissions are highlighted in the rightmost column. To put these values in context, 

non-road sector PM2.5 emissions represent less than 4% of the total emissions inventory. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1344 

Table 5.6-96 

Non-Road Annual Emissions (tons/year) by Source Group and Calendar Year 

Calendar 

Year Non-Road Source Group VOC CO NOx SOx NH3 PM10 PM2.5

2008 

NONROAD model sources 2,570 8,278 415 3 3 85 80

Locomotives 24 71 454 8 0 14 13

Aircraft (and GSE & APUs) 151 1,441 534 53 0 8 8

Total Non-Road 2,746 9,791 1,403 64 3 107 101

2015 

NONROAD model sources 1,859 6,723 306 1 4 64 60

Locomotives 15 71 347 0 0 9 9

Aircraft (and GSE & APUs) 151 1,441 534 53 0 8 8

Total Non-Road 2,026 8,236 1,186 54 4 81 77

2019 

NONROAD model sources 1,493 6,085 253 1 4 51 48

Locomotives 11 71 278 0 0 7 7

Aircraft (and GSE & APUs) 151 1,441 534 53 0 8 8

Total Non-Road 1,655 7,597 1,065 54 4 66 62
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1345 

FORECASTED CONTROL MEASURE BENEFITS

The preceding sub-sections of this appendix focused on describing the data sources, assumptions, 

methodologies and calculation workflows used to generate episodic emissions for the 2008 

Baseline and 2015 and 2019 Projected Baseline inventories. This sub-section provides a detailed 

discussion of the approach used to calculate emission benefits from control measures analyzed in 

the SIP and used in the forecasted 2015 and 2019 Control inventories. 

MEASURES	INCLUDED	IN	CONTROL	INVENTORIES

Quantitative emission benefits were developed and applied in the Control inventories only for 

programs and measures for which existing data or reasonably developed projections were 

available. Although there are number of measures embodied in the SIP and associated State 

regulations, only those for which explicit data were available were directly accounted for in the 

Control inventories. These measures all target the space heating emission sector and consisted of 

the following: 

 ARA Hydronic Heating Retrofit Program; 

 FNSB Wood Stove Change Out Program; 

 State Standards for New Home Heating Devices; 

 State-Coordinated Wintertime Dry Wood Use Program; and 

 Expansion of Natural Gas Availability. 

Table 5.6-97 below lists the calendar year(s) for which each measure applies, as well as the 

Control inventory year(s) for which measure benefits were calculated. Implementation of the 

two State programs (Wood Device Standards in New Homes and Wintertime Dry Wood Use) is 

expected in mid-2015, thus the first full year for which their benefits apply would be 2016. Thus 

like Natural Gas Expansion, no benefits were modeled for these two State programs in the 2015 

Control inventory. (But their accumulated benefits were modeled in the 2019 Control 

inventory.) 

Table 5.6-97 

Summary of Modeled Control Measures and Applicable Years 

Modeled Control Measure 

Year(s) for Which 

Measure Applies 

Control Inventory

Year(s) 

ARA Hydronic Heater Retrofit Program 2012 2015, 2019 

FNSB Wood Stove Change Out Program 2011 and later 2015, 2019 

State Standards for New Home Heating Devices 2016a and later 2019 

State-Coordinated Wintertime Dry Wood Use Program 2016a and later 2019 

Expansion of Natural Gas Availability 2016b and later 2019 a Assuming these State programs are implemented in mid-2015, 2016 represent the first fully year for which their 

benefits would apply. 

b Current Alaska Industry Development and Export Authority estimate, based on initial Interior Gas Utility 

construction phase slated for 2015 Q4. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1346 

Hydronic Heater Retrofit Program (ARA OHH Retrofits) – The Alaska Resource Agency (ARA) 

secured funding to identify and retrofit 40 outdoor hydronic heaters100 (OHHs) with ClearStak or 

similar pollution control devices (PCDs). The retrofits were performed in late 2011 and 2012. 

The effects of these retrofits were not captured in the early 2011 Fairbanks Home Heating survey 

that was used to estimate the mix and number of devices in the SIP inventory and thus were 

treated as a control program with “fixed” benefits from those one-time retrofits. 

FNSB Wood Stove Change Out Program (FNSB WSCO Program) – Beginning in June 2010, the 

Fairbanks Borough has operated a program within the non-attainment area designed to provide 

incentives for the replacement of older, higher-polluting residential wood-burning devices with 

new cleaner devices, or removal of the old devices. 

 

100 Also called outdoor wood boilers (OWBs). 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1347 

Table 5.6-98 presents a historical summary of how the WSCO program was originally designed 

and how it has been modified over time since it began. 

As summarized in 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1348 

Table 5.6-98, the design of the WSCO program has evolved over time, but these changes have 

generally consisted of both increasing the financial incentives as well as expanding the types of 

solid fuel burning appliances (SFBAs) or devices that are eligible to participate in the program. 

In estimating accumulated emission benefits from continuation of the WSCO beyond 2014, it 

was assumed that the current program design (circa March 2014 as listed in 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1349 

Table 5.6-98) would continue going forward. However, as explained in the following subsection, the number of change outs in each future year was forecasted to decline over time 

reflecting an assumption that as the population of uncertified devices (and dirtier certified 

devices) declines, owners of those remaining devices are less likely to participate in the program 

than those who already have. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1350 

Table 5.6-98 

Fairbanks Borough Wood Stove Change Out Program Historical Summary 

Program Old Appliance Type New Appliance Type Allowed Payout 

JUNE 2010 – Original program. Limited to PM2.5 non-attainment area. Participants in the removal program 

signed deed restriction in which they agree they would not install another solid fuel burning appliance for 10 years.

Removal OHH (Outdoor Hydronic Heater) No solid fuel burning appliances $7,500 cash 

Removal IHH (Indoor Hydronic Heater) No solid fuel burning appliances $4,000 cash 

Removal Other SFBA No solid fuel burning appliances $3,000 cash 

Replacement HH (outdoor or indoor) – non 

EPA Phase II 

EPA Phase II, EPA cert SFBA or any 

pellet Up to $2,500 

Replacement Other SFBA – non EPA cert EPA cert SFBA or any pellet Up to $2,500 

Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750 

Repair Other Emissions Reducing 

Component n/a Up to $750 

Repair Chimney Repair n/a Up to $750 

Repair Retrofit Device n/a Up to $1,000 

JANUARY 2013 – In October 2012, Citizens’ Initiative Prop 3 passed (The borough shall not, in any way, 

regulate, prohibit, curtail, nor issue fines or fees associated with sale, distribution, or operation of heating 

appliances or any combustible fuel.) Program suspended Dec. 2012 while it was modified. Opened to all Borough 

properties. Devices ≤ 2.5 grams/hr eligible for higher payout. Replacement devices must be EPA certified. 

Replacement HH (outdoor or indoor) EPA cert SFBA or pellet Up to $2,500 

Replacement Other SFBA – non EPA cert EPA cert SFBA or pellet 75% of cost up to

$2,500/$3,000**

Removal Remove HH w/out replacement $2,000 

Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750 

Repair Other Emissions Reducing 

Component n/a Up to $750 

Repair Chimney Repair n/a Up to $750 

Repair Retrofit Device Up to $1,000 

ENHANCED PROGRAM (May – Sept 2013) – Completely different program (operated in conjunction with the 

regular program), limited to 3 specific areas in the non-attainment area. Also, allowed for replacing EPA-certified 

SFBAs with emission rate ≤ 2.0 grams/hr (overall emissions reduction must be at least 50%).

Replacement OHH EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $10,000 

Replacement Other SFBA EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

Replacement Fireplace EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000 

MARCH 2014 (Current Program) – Changed to limit to properties in non-attainment area, and includes $300 

fuel voucher for pellets or compressed logs. Now allows for replacing EPA-certified SFBAs w/emissions of 2.5 

grams/hr and greater (and requiring an emission reduction of at least 50%), and fireplaces. 

Replacement OHH EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $10,000 

Replacement Other SFBA EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000

Replacement Fireplace EPA cert SFBA, any pellet, non-solid 

fuel burning appliances Up to $4,000 

Removal Remove HH w/out replacement n/a $2,000 

Removal Remove SFBA w/o replacement n/a $1,000 

Repair Catalytic Converter n/a Up to $750 

Repair Other Emissions Reducing 

Component n/a Up to $750 

Source: Fairbanks North Star Borough. 

SFBA – Solid Fuel Burning Appliance.
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1351 

State Space Heating Device Standards in New Homes – This DEC-headed program would 

require that space heating devices installed in new residential homes in the Fairbanks nonattainment area are EPA-certified devices meeting a 2.5 gram/hour PM2.5 certification standard. 

State-Coordinated Wintertime Dry Wood Use Program – A second DEC-led program would 

consist of a coordinated program designed to promote and potentially incentivize greater use of 

“dry” wood (defined as wood with a moisture content [MC] that does not exceed 20% on a dry 

basis). The projected wood moisture content in 2019 in the absence of such as program is 

36.4%, averaged across the two wood source groups: (1) Buy (those who purchase wood 

commercially) and (2) Cut Own (those who cut, stack, and store their own wood). 

Expansion of Natural Gas Availability in Fairbanks – A portion of the non-attainment area 

includes a limited delivery infrastructure for residential and commercial natural gas use from the 

existing Fairbanks Natural Gas (FNG) private utility. Plans are being coordinated and funding 

made available through several state agencies, led by the Alaska Industrial Development and 

Export Authority (AIDEA), to provide a sufficiently expanded infrastructure and delivery via 

expansion of FNG’s infrastructure within its service area and additional gas delivery from a new 

public entity, the Interior Gas Utility (IGU), across an expanded area roughly encompassing the 

remainder of the non-attainment area. AIDEA is stewarding this expanded service with a goal of 

natural gas being priced at the retail, point of sale level of roughly half the existing cost of 

heating oil, or about $15-$17 per mcf (thousand cubic feet). 

CONTROL	MEASURE	CALCULATIONS

Detailed discussions of the emission benefit calculations for each modeled control measure are 

presented in this sub-section. Although the methodologies and assumptions used to estimate 

emission benefits in 2015 and 2019 (within the respective Control inventories) are described 

separately for each measure, the calculations and supporting data are contained within a single 

electronic spreadsheet, ControlCalcs_FbksSIP_Final.xlsx, contained in the electronic “SIP 

Analysis Files” archive submitted under separate cover from the SIP documentation. Elements 

of this spreadsheet are referenced in the following descriptions and for brevity, the spreadsheet 

itself is subsequently referred to as simply as the “ControlCalcs” spreadsheet. 

Prior to calculating emission benefits for individual control measures, an analysis structure was 

set up in the Calcs sheet of the ControlCalcs spreadsheet to import 2008 baseline and projected 

baseline emissions within the non-attainment area by SCC code from externally-developed 

emission inventory (EI) summaries for the space heating sector. Workflow in the Calcs sheet 

was also set up to properly project heating device counts given effects of “natural” turnover of 

uncertified heating devices occurring outside of the WSCO program. 

At the top of the Calcs sheet in the cell range A1:W83 a series of device count projections are 

shown by calendar year (beginning in 2011 based on data being utilized from the 2011 Home 

Heating survey). The upper table (Rows 1-42) shows projected device counts by device type 

based only on projected household growth (at roughly a 1.1% annual rate). The lower table 

(Rows 45-83) shows similar projections that also account for natural turnover of uncertified 

devices. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1352 

These device counts are calculated from extrapolations of the 2011 Home Heating survey and 

supporting data contained in the HHSurvey11, Base11Counts2010 and Base11Counts2020

sheets. 

Below these project baseline device count tables, projected baseline space heating device 

emissions (tons/day or tpd), emission factors (lb/mmBTU) and usage (mmBTU/device-day) by 

SCC code are contained in the cell range A111:N230. Rows 77-112 contain projected 2011 

baseline data; Rows 113-146 contain projected 2015 baseline data; Rows 153-186 contain 

projected 2017 data; and projected 2019 baseline data are in Rows 193-230. (The 2011 

projections are used because of the year of the 2011 survey data on which a number of 

calculation elements are based. The 2017 data were generated in conjunction with the 2017 RFP 

inventory and linear progress assessment.) The projected baseline data in these ranges are 

imported from modeling inventory tabulations that are contained in the series of DevSumOut

sheets for each future forecast year. 

Beyond Column N in Rows 113-230 of the Calcs sheet, incremental emission benefits are then 

calculated for each of the five modeled control measures in the following order: 1) ARA 

Retrofits, 2) WSCO Program, 3) State Standards, 4) State Dry Wood Use; and 5) Natural Gas 

Expansion, and in left to right order in these section of the Calcs sheet. The order of calculated 

benefits is important to clarify because of the fact that some of these measures target the same 

source. Thus this serial workflow with an established order of applied control measures was 

used to ensure that overlapping benefits were not double-counted and that the benefits calculated 

reflect this order of measures considered in combination. The net emissions (and emission 

factors) after applying the effects of each measure by device/SCC become “inputs” to the 

emission calculations for the next serially-applied measure. The measure-specific calculations 

performed in this section of the Calcs sheet are discussed in further detail below for each control 

measure, along with locations of upstream data and assumptions in other specific sheets of the 

ControlCalcs spreadsheet. 

ARA OHH Retrofits - The ARAOHHCalcs sheet of the ControlCalcs spreadsheet contains 

detailed calculations of the resulting emission benefits from retrofitting of 40 OHHs within the 

non-attainment area with ClearStak control devices. ARA estimated these retrofits provide an 

80-90% reduction in particulate emissions based on testing conducted under a NESCAUM study. 

Based on visual observations/follow-up by Fairbanks Borough staff after retrofits were installed, 

a “real world” emission reduction of 30% per retrofit was assumed that accounted for imperfect 

compliance and use as shown in Cell V2. 

The data provided by ARA included the street address, make and model of each retrofitted OHH 

and an ARA-supplied estimate of the amount of wood burned in each device (in cords per year). 

Emission factors (in lb PM2.5/mmBTU) were then assigned to each device based on its 

make/model and additional descriptive “comment” data for the device provided by ARA. In 

short, devices were generally assigned emission factors of 0.57 lb/mmBTU for unqualified 

devices and factors that ranged from 0.18 to 0.32 lb/mmBTU for Phase 2 OHHs as identified 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1353 

using EPA’s “Burnwise” certified OHH database101. (The 0.57 lb/mmBTU emission factor for 

unqualified OHHs was that developed for those devices in the baseline emission inventory.) 

Participant addresses were checked against those available from the FNSB WSCO program. If a 

device was found to have also participated in the WSCO program after the ARA program, its 

ARA program emission benefits were zeroed to avoid double-counting. The effects of these 

discounts due to subsequent participation in the WSCO program are reflected in Columns Y-AA. 

Total PM2.5 emission reductions from retrofit of these devices under the ARA program (after 

removing benefits for those that subsequently participated in the WSCO program) were 

estimated to be 0.0046 tons/day for an average modeling episode day as shown in Cell AA46. 

This reduction represents 0.2% of projected baseline space heating emissions and roughly 0.1% 

of total emissions in the non-attainment area. (No benefits were assumed for gaseous pollutants.) 

Because the ARA program was a “one-time” program, with funded retrofits performed in 2011-

2012 (and post-dated the 2011 Home Heating survey upon which the baseline inventory was 

based), these control benefits were applied as a constant absolute reduction (in tons/day) in the 

2015 and 2019 Control inventories. These calculations are contained in the Calcs sheet in the 

cell ranges of Q117:U142 for calendar year 2015 and Q197:U222 for calendar year 2019. 

FNSB WSCO Program – Emission control benefits were calculated for the program based on 

transaction data collected by the Borough since its inception, through mid-August 2014. (Data 

for the partial 2014 calendar year were extrapolated to the end of 2014 based on the expected 

number of applications projected by the Borough to be completed and change outs validated by 

the end of the year.) The tabulated change outs (with Borough-based extrapolations through the 

end of 2014) are contained in cells A1:G28 of the WSCOTabs sheet in ControlCalcs. 

For devices that were replaced, emission reductions were calculated by replacing the emission 

factor for each device type (fireplace, insert, wood stove, OHH/OWB, coal stove) with an 

emission factor (in lb/ton of fuel) equivalent to the emission rate cutpoints (in grams/hour) based 

on emission factor vs. emission rate correlations developed from certification data published by 

EPA102 for over 1,000 wood-burning devices. For devices that were removed, it was assumed 

that the heating energy from the removed device would be replaced with equivalent energy from 

an oil furnace or boiler (and accounting for the heating efficiency differences between the two 

devices). No emission reductions were assumed for repaired devices given the uncertainty of the 

type of repair performed and its effect on emissions. 

WSCO Program Benefits in 2015 - Emission benefits from the WSCO program for the 2015 

Control inventory were based on the accumulation of change outs from the start of the program 

through the end of 2014 (extrapolating the partial 2014 data as described above). In attainment 

modeling, eligible control measure benefits are those that exist at the beginning of the modeling 

year. Thus in this case, WSCO program benefits accumulated through the end of 2014 (not 

2015) were used to model attainment in calendar year 2015. A tabulation of the cumulative 

 

101 http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/owhhlist.html 102 http://www.epa.gov/burnwise/appliances.html 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1354 

year-to-year completed transactions in the WSCO is presented below in Table 5.6-99. Within 

each year, transactions are broken down by operation type (Replacement or Removal) and device 

type. As noted in the table title, these counts exclude repair transactions, unknown devices 

(types not known or recorded by the Borough) and indoor hydronic heater (IHH) transactions 

(since the small number of IHHs was not reflected in the baseline inventory). 

Table 5.6-99 

Fairbanks Borough Wood Stove Change Out Program Cumulative Transactions 

(Excluding IHHs, Unknown Devices and Repair Transactions) 

Program 

Operation 

Device 

Type 

(end 2010) (end 2011) (end 2012) (end 2013) (end 2014) 

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 

Replacement Fireplace 0 0 0 0 74

Replacement Stove/Insert 103 246 698 899 1,257

Replacement OHH 1 3 5 22 43

Replacement Coal Stove 0 0 1 3 10

Removal Stove/Insert 10 44 184 190 194

Removal OHH 8 32 68 70 74

Removal Coal Stove 0 0 4 5 5

Replacements, Total 104 249 704 924 1,384

Removals, Total 18 76 256 265 273

Change-Outs, Total 122 325 960 1,189 1,657

These cumulative replacement/removal counts from the WSCO program were copied to the 

WSCOTabsFnl sheet. The WSCOTabsFnl sheet also contains calculations of average device 

emissions upon replacement by device type based on lookups of certification levels for replaced 

devices by device make and model from EPA’s Burnwise certified device database coupled with 

lists of those specific device makes/models commonly sold in Fairbanks developed by ADEC 

from surveys of local heating device retailers. (The list of devices commonly sold locally 

contained in a separate spreadsheet file.) 

The distributions of emission rates and emission factors for these locally-sold devices were used 

to determine the average emission rate/factor for devices that met a specific certification level 

(e.g., 2.5 grams/hour or g/hr). For example, from this local device emission rate distribution 

analysis, it was found that the average emission rates of woodstoves/inserts meeting standards of 

2.5 g/hr and 2.0 g/hr were 1.9 g/hr and 1.4 g/hr, respectively as listed in cells F7 and F6 of the 

Lookups sheet. 

Calculations are then performed in cells N1:Y17 of the WSCOTabsFnl sheet to account for the 

fact that beginning in 2014, woodstove, insert and fireplace replacements under the WSCO must 

meet 2.5 g/hr standard (which translates to an average emission rate of 1.9 g/hr as shown there 

based on average locally-sold device emissions meeting a 2.5 g/hr cutpoint.) These calculations 

are performed by calendar year to account for the changing average replacement emission rate 

over time, given the tighter replacement cutpoint established in 2014. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1355 

Within the cell range W115:BF144 of the Calcs sheet, cumulative WSCO device 

replacements/removal counts by device type from the WSCOTabsFnl sheet (and Table 5.6-99) 

are used to calculate emission benefits from these replacements/removals as of the end of 2014 

(i.e., inventory year 2015). These cumulative counts are contains in Columns Y and Z of the 

Calcs sheet. 

As explained earlier, separate calculations of emissions before and after device replacement or 

device removal are performed. “Before” emission factors are based on those from the projected 

baseline inventory except for OWB’s, to reflect nominally lower emission factors that resulted 

from the ARA OHH Retrofit program. “After” emission factors for replaced devices are based 

on those developed by calendar year in the WSCOTabsFnl sheet. “After” emission factors for 

removed devices were calculated by assuming that the heating energy (in BTUs) from removed 

devices would be made up for by additional central oil furnace use. How much additional oil 

furnace use would occur was calculated on a net heating energy basis, which account for 

differences in relative efficiency between the various wood-burning devices and oil furnaces 

(which have higher heating efficiency than wood-burning devices). These before and after 

device replacement/removal calculations are contained in Columns AA through AA of the Calcs

sheet. 

The net effect of decreased emissions from removed/replaced devices and increased emissions 

from replacement devices and shifts to oil use due to wood device removal are summarized in 

Columns AT through BF. Calculations of “After WSCO Program” device counts, emissions for 

both PM2.5 and SO2

103, emission factors and device usage rates are contained there. In addition 

to computing emission reductions resulting from the WSCO Program, it was also necessary to 

adjust emission factors and usage rates for affected devices to ensure benefits from additional 

measures serially applied after the WSCO program were not double-counting combined measure 

effects as discussed earlier. 

PM2.5 emission reductions from the WSCO program in 2015 were estimated to be 0.394 tons/day 

across all heating devices as calculated in cell BA144 of the Calcs sheet. SO2 emissions 

nominally increase by 0.015 tons/day, reflect greater use of oil heating devices assumed upon 

removal of existing wood devices under the program. In 2015, the program provides a 13.7% 

reduction in space heating PM2.5 emissions in the non-attainment area relative to the projected 

baseline after accounting for the ARA program. Reductions for gaseous pollutants (relative to 

projected baseline space heating emissions) were estimated as 0.8% for SO2, 1.4% for NOx, 

19.3% for VOC and 10.3% for NH3. 

WSCO Program Benefits in 2019 - Emission benefits from continuation of the Borough’s WSCO 

through 2019 were estimated by projecting additional annual change outs (either replacement of 

 

103 Though not calculated explicitly in the Calcs sheet, WSCO Program emission benefits for the 

other gaseous pollutants (NOx, VOC, NH3) were scaled based on device-specific emission 

factors relative to PM2.5. SO2 emissions (and reductions) were directly computed in the Calcs 

sheet to explicitly account for the effect of removing wood devices (and heating energy) and 

replacing them with equivalent oil device emissions and heating BTUs, which have higher SO2

emission factors (on a lb/BTU basis). 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1356 

uncertified or higher-emitting certified devices with cleaner devices meeting a 2.5 gram/hour 

PM2.5 standard, or removal of devices with their displaced heating energy replaced by heating 

from oil-fired units). Rather than simply assuming that annual WSCO program device 

replacements/removals would occur at their actual 2014 rate (or the average over the program’s 

four-year history), a decreasing exponential curve was applied to account for the fact that as 

fewer and fewer uncertified devices exist over time, it will be harder to maintain existing annual 

participation levels or “throughput” in the program. This is depicted in Figure 5.6-38, which 

presents incremental annual change outs over time and shows the 2014 throughput as a constant 

horizontal blue line going forward and the assumed declining year-to-year trend shown below it 

in green. Calendar years shown reflect the start of the year, i.e., calendar year 2015 refers to 

change outs through the end of 2014. 

Figure 5.6-38. Incremental Annual Change Outs, Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted 

To ensure that this declining throughput forecast properly accounted for the finite population of 

uncertified devices projected in the Borough in 2019 in the absence of the WSCO program, its 

rate of decline was set such that the forecasted number of uncertified wood stove and insert 

change outs in 2019 would approximately reach the “cap” of projected available population of 

those uncertified devices in that year (after accounting for natural turnover occurring outside the 

program). This is shown in Figure 5.6-39, which displays cumulative change outs of uncertified 

stoves and inserts over time and is seen where the green declining throughput forecast meets the 

projected uncertified stove/insert cap in 2019 (shown in red). 

These population-capped declining throughput calculations are contained in cells A47:AD67 in 

the WSCOTabs sheet. 

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Changeouts (replacements

& removals)

Year

2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Actual Forecasted
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1357 

Figure 5.6-39. Cumulative Annual Change Outs, Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted, 

Uncertified Wood Stoves and Inserts 

Figure 5.6-40 shows a similar plot of actual and forecasted cumulative annual WSCO program 

change outs for all uncertified devices. (All uncertified devices were represented as the sum of 

uncertified stoves/inserts, unqualified outdoor hydronic heaters, fireplaces, and coal heaters.) 

When all uncertified devices are plotted, there is still a margin between the projected number of 

cumulative change outs and the cap for all uncertified devices targeted under the current design 

of the WSCO program. 

Again, calendar years shown refer to conditions as of the start of each year—i.e., calendar year 

2019 refers to cumulative change outs through the end of 2018. 

Similar computations for calendar year 2019 are performed in Rows 195-230 of the Calcs sheet 

to those described earlier for WSCO program benefits in 2015 (in Rows 115-146). In this case 

the number of devices replacements/removal under the program represent cumulative change 

outs in 2019 (end of 2018) based on projected continuation of the program, albeit with declining 

annual throughput over time. 

As calculated in cells BA224 and BB224 of the Calcs sheet, the WSCO program is forecasted to 

produce a 0.748 ton/day reduction in PM2.5 emissions and a 0.010 ton/day increase in SO2

emissions in the non-attainment area. This corresponds to a relative104 cumulative PM2.5

reduction in space heating emissions from the WSCO program of 25.4% in 2019 (incremental to 

the ARA OHH retrofits). 

 

104 The relative reductions shown in the Calcs sheet are relative to the projected baseline and do 

not match those cited in this section, which are relative (or incremental) to the projected baseline 

after adjusting for effects of other serially-applied measures. The relative benefits cited are 

contained in the Summary sheet of the ControlCalcs spreadsheet. 

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Changeouts (replacements

& removals)

Year

2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Actual Forecasted

Cap ‐ With Turnover
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1358 

Figure 5.6-40. Cumulative Annual Change Outs, Actual Through 2014 and Forecasted, All 

Uncertified Devices 

State Space Heating Device Standards in New Homes - Emission control benefits of such a 

program were developed using projections from the Borough’s Community Research Quarterly 

publications.105 Residential new homes were projected from 358 units in 2012 (actual) to 661 

units in 2019 (start of calendar year) based on the long-term 2000-2012 trend published in the 

Quarterly. Since implementation of this State program is not expected until mid-2015, emissions 

benefits were only modeled for the 2019 Control inventory. 

Emission reductions of PM2.5 (no reductions were assumed for gaseous pollutants) were then 

estimated for 2.5 g/hr devices relative to the typical mix of uncertified/certified heating devices 

projected in 2019 and accounting for the overlapping effects of natural turnover and the WSCO 

program. Cells BJ195:BZ224 of the Calcs sheet contain the emission benefits calculations for 

the State Heating Device Standards measure in 2019. 

Projected new home cumulative sales in 2019 (since assumed implementation in mid-2015) of 

2,433 in Cell BJ197 were multiplied by the ratio of projected baseline devices to total households 

in the non-attainment area to estimate the number of wood devices that would need to meet the 

2.5 g/hr standard in cells BJ204:BJ223. This was done to account for the fact that not all homes 

have a wood-burning device. A total of 627 wood devices were estimated to require 

“replacement” (over business as usual) or use of 2.5 g/hr certified devices. 

The table in cells A9:G28 of the Lookups sheet contains translations of PM2.5 emission rates 

(g/hr) at specific cutpoint levels to emission factors (lb/mmBTU). These translations use device-

 

105 http://co.fairbanks.ak.us/communityplanning/crc/ 

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Changeouts (replacements

& removals)

Year

2014 Throughput

Declining Throughput

Actual Forecasted

Cap ‐ With Turnover
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1359 

specific multipliers for catalytic and non-catalytic woodstoves/inserts and OWBs developed from 

comparisons and linear regressions of certified emission rates and emission factors reported in 

EPA’s Burnwise device database. (These regression-based multipliers were calculated in an 

external spreadsheet, SpaceHeat_EF&ER_2013_WoodReplace_Calcs.xlsx.) 

Columns BM through BR use these translations of emission rate standards to an emission factor 

(ln/mmBTU) basis and contain calculations of Before and After emissions where Before 

emission factors for each device are based on baseline emission factors for each device and After 

factors are equivalent to a 2.5 g/hr standard. (Recall that a 2.5 g/hr standard translates to an 

average emission rate of 1.9 g/hr for devices sold in Fairbanks that are currently certified to meet 

a 2.5 g/hr standard.) Columns BS through BZ then contain calculations of the number of devices 

of each type/technology, average daily energy and fuel use, PM2.5 emissions and emission 

reductions after applying the effects of the State Standards measure. 

As shown in Cell BX224 of the Calcs sheet, total PM2.5 emission benefits from the State 

Standards were estimated to be 0.045 tons/day, and provide an additional 1.6% reduction in 2019 

space heating emissions (over and above the ARA and WSCO programs). 

State-Coordinated Wintertime Dry Wood Use Program - Because such a program has not yet 

been adopted and is currently being evaluated by DEC, a series of plausible assumptions based 

on existing survey data were used to develop estimates of potential emission reduction benefits. 

From the 2013 Wood Tag survey, 34.3% of wood-using survey respondents indicated a 

willingness to pay up to $50 more per cord for dry wood knowing that dry wood provides 

roughly 25% more heating energy than wet wood (as explained in the Tag survey question). As 

a result, it was assumed that a coordinated wintertime Dry Wood Use program would result in 

34% more homeowners from both the Buy and Cut Own wood source groups burning dry (20% 

MC) wood. (The movement of both the Buy group and the Cut Own group to use greater use of 

dry wood comes about from additional State education efforts that span both groups. It was 

assumed that the same relative shift toward greater dry wood use would occur in both groups.) 

Under this assumption, the composite wood moisture content would drop to 30.8% and result in 

a heating energy reduction in wood use of roughly 4%. 

Calculations that show this change in composite average wood moisture (from 36.4% to 30.8% 

MC) are contained in the Moisture sheet of the ControlCalcs spreadsheet. For the Buy group, the 

baseline (before Dry Wood Use program) moisture content is 64.2% as shown in Cell I63 and 

was calculated as the average moisture content of wood purchased and burned during both 

January-February and November modeling episodes (cells C51 and C52). The baseline moisture 

content for the Cut Own group is 26.6% as shown in Cell I64 and was derived from moisture 

measurements in wood burning households in the CCHRC Instrumented study that were largely 

thought to be “Cut Own” households. Cells I69 and I70 contain calculated moisture contents for 

the Buy and Cut Own groups after applying the assumed 34.3% shift toward dry wood use. The 

resulting moisture levels reflecting this shift to greater dry wood use under the program are 

49.0% and 24.3% for the Buy and Cut Own groups, respectively. Based on their relative usage 

fractions of 26.2% and 73.8% (cells E69 and E70), the resulting composite moisture content of 

30.8% is shown in Cell I75. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1360 

The Moisture sheet also contains a series of formulas and a lookup table from those formulas 

shown the change in wood heating energy as a function of moisture content based on energy 

content reflecting the local mix of birch, spruce and aspen wood. Using the results in this lookup 

table, cell I77 shows an energy (BTU) adjustment factor of 0.959 that translates to a 4.1% 

reduction in wood use and thus, a commensurate reduction in wood-burning PM2.5 emissions. 

Back in the Calcs sheet, this translates to a PM2.5 emissions benefit of 0.083 tons/day (Cell 

CK224), which represents an incremental PM2.5 space heating emission reduction (on top of the 

preceding local and state measures) of 2.8% in 2019. 

Expansion of Natural Gas Availability in Fairbanks - Estimates of emission reductions from 

natural gas expansion in 2019 (end of 2018) were developed based on forecasted residential and 

commercial penetration levels across the non-attainment area from a recent January 2014 

AIDEA report prepared by Cardno-Entrix.106 The Cardno report considered not just estimates of 

penetration (i.e. availability of gas at point of sale), but also addressed conversion/use for both 

the residential and commercial sectors and accounted for the costs of conversion for each sector. 

The combined residential household penetration and conversion to natural gas rate in 2019 

estimated by Cardno was 36% at the end of 2018. 

The Cardno report also included estimates of fuel use shifts (oil-to-gas, wood-to-gas) in 

converted households based on the targeted offering price for gas (about $2/gallon on a heating 

oil equivalent basis) and elasticity estimates that reflected a shift of roughly 77% of existing 

wood-burning homes to gas. This 77% estimate is very consistent with an 74% wood household 

shift to gas at $2/gallon oil equivalent developed from responses to a question in the 2013 Wood 

Tag survey. (These wood household shifts were based only on homes that had alternative 

heating sources beyond wood. In other words, they excluded homes solely heated using wood, 

which would be more difficult candidates for conversion to natural gas.) 

The natural gas penetration rate projections by calendar year developed by Cardno and “shift to 

gas at price X” response results from the 2013 Tag survey are contained in the NatGas sheet in 

the ControlCalcs spreadsheet. The Tag survey data are in Rows 1-25 and the Cardno-based gas 

penetration projections are provided in Rows 87-103. 

The wood-to-gas household shifts were combined with an additional element from the 2013 Tag 

survey that found roughly 38% of wood users would still likely burn wood on extremely cold 

days (defined as days below -30°F) to produce a “discounted” shift to gas use estimate use on 

those cold days of 26.5% (36% × [1-38%]). 

Cells DH195:FI230 within the Calcs sheet contain the emission benefit calculations for natural 

gas expansion based on these assumptions. This section of the Calcs sheet contains two variants 

for natural gas expansion benefit calculations, one which evaluated natural gas benefits in 

conjunction with use of energy logs, the other without inclusion of energy log effects. As 

 

106 “IEP Natural Gas Conversion Analysis, Fairbanks LNG Distribution System Demand 

Analysis,” prepared by Cardno Entrix for Alaska Industry Development and Export Authority, 

January 2014. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1361 

explained in Section 5.6 of the SIP, an energy log use program was evaluated by DEC but not 

included in the final SIP modeling due to current uncertainty regarding consumer demand for the 

logs, which just began being produced and sold in summer/fall of 2014. Thus, only the “Without 

Energy Logs” case is relevant. 

Emission factors by device (lb/mmBTU) after adjusting for effects from other “upstream” 

control measures are contains in Columns DH and DI. Column DL identifies those devices for 

which heating energy-equivalent shifts to natural gas were assumed (all wood and oil device 

types). Column DM contains calculated “Natural Gas Efficiency Factors” which are devicespecific multipliers that account for differences in net heating efficiency for each device relative 

to natural gas. (Oil devices were assumed to have the same 81% net heating efficiency as natural 

gas.) Columns DN through DQ contain calculations of “removed” devices, energy and 

emissions displaced by expanded natural gas use. Columns DR through DU contain calculations 

of devices (households in this case), energy and emissions added from expanded natural gas use. 

The energy removed and energy added totals across all devices in cells DO224 and DS224 are 

not equal because they reflect fuel or “raw” energy use; the lower total for added energy 

accounts for the fact that natural gas heaters have a higher net heating efficiency that the 

composite average of other wood and oil devices being displaced. The amounts of energy 

displaced by device (Column DO) are calculated based on the incremental participation rate in 

expanded natural gas use, which in 2019 was estimated as 36.0% on “warm” days (above -30°F) 

and 26.5% on cold days (below -30°F) as explained earlier. The added energy from expanded 

natural gas use in Column DS is calculated using the Natural Gas Efficiency Factors. Once these 

displaced and added energy increments were calculated, the resulting emission reductions (for 

wood and oil devices) and increases for residential natural gas were easily calculated from the 

device specific emission factors in Columns DH and DI. Columns DV and DU then contain net 

emission reductions by device for PM2.5 and SO2, respectively. 

Columns DN through DY perform these calculations for days above the -30°F temperature 

threshold (and without energy logs). A similar set of calculations for days below the temperature 

threshold are contained in Columns DZ through EK. 

Using these data sources and assumptions, incremental PM2.5 emission reductions from natural 

gas expansion across the non-attainment area in 2019 were found to be 16.4% on cold (<-30°F) 

days and 18.4% on warmer (≥‐30°F) days relative to the 2019 projected baseline. These 

incremental reductions are those above that from preceding state and local measures after 

accounting for overlapping effects. 

SUMMARY	OF	CALCULATED	EMISSION	BENEFITS

Table 5.6-100 and Table 5.6-101 summarize the calculated emission benefits of each control 

measure that were calculated as described above and applied within the 2015 and 2019 Control 

inventories, respectively. In each table, space heating emissions of direct PM2.5 and SO2 (in 

tons/day, tpd) over the non-attainment area are shown as a function of the projected baseline and 

the applicable control measures (and their penetration) for the given calendar year. Reductions 

for natural gas expansion are shown on both an average “Cold” (below -30°F) and “Warm” 

(above -30°F) episode day basis. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Forecasted Control Measure Benefits 

III.D.5.6-1362 

Table 5.6-100 

2015 Average Episodic Non-Attainment Area Space Heating Emissions (tons/day) and 

Relative Emission Reductions (%) by Control Measure 

Quantity 

Projected 

Baseline 

ARA OHH 

Retrofits 

WSCO 

Program 

State 

Standards

State Dry 

Wood Use 

Expand Natural Gas 

Cold Warm 

Space Heat Emissions, PM2.5 (tpd) 2.834 2.830 2.440 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Space Heat Emissions, SO2 (tpd) 4.303 4.303 4.318 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Relative Cumul. PM2.5 Reductions (%)a n/a 0.2% 13.9% n/a n/a n/a n/a

Relative Cumul. SO2 Reductions (%)a n/a 0.0% -0.3% n/a n/a n/a n/a

Relative Increm. PM2.5 Reductions (%)b n/a 0.2% 13.7% n/a n/a n/a n/a

Relative Increm. SO2 Reductions (%)b n/a 0.0% -0.3% n/a n/a n/a n/a

a Cumulative reductions relative to the 2015 projected baseline. 

b Incremental (non-overlapping) reductions relative to the preceding measure. 

n/a – Not applicable. 

Table 5.6-101 

2019 Average Episodic Non-Attainment Area Space Heating Emissions (tons/day) and 

Relative Emission Reductions (%) by Control Measure 

Quantity 

Projected 

Baseline 

ARA OHH 

Retrofits 

WSCO 

Program 

State 

Standards

State Dry 

Wood Use 

Expand Natural Gas 

Cold Warm 

Space Heat Emissions, PM2.5 (tpd) 2.937 2.933 2.184 2.140 2.056 1.740 1.548

Space Heat Emissions, SO2 (tpd) 4.537 4.537 4.547 4.547 4.544 4.009 3.683

Relative Cumul. PM2.5 Reductions (%)a n/a 0.2% 25.6% 27.2% 30.0% 40.8% 47.3%

Relative Cumul. SO2 Reductions (%)a n/a 0.0% -0.2% -0.2% -0.1% 11.6% 18.8%

Relative Increm. PM2.5 Reductions (%)b n/a 0.2% 25.4% 1.6% 2.8% 10.8% 17.3%

Relative Increm. SO2 Reductions (%)b n/a 0.0% -0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 11.7% 18.9%

a Cumulative reductions relative to the 2019 projected baseline. 

b Incremental (non-overlapping) reductions relative to the preceding measure. 

n/a – Not applicable. 

Relative benefits from each applied measure are also presented in two ways: 1) cumulatively 

relative to the applicable projected baseline; and 2) incrementally relative to emissions after 

applying the effects of each preceding measure in the left-to-right order listed (and accounting 

for overlapping effects as described earlier). Relative reductions shown in red (with negative 

signs) in each table represent emission increases. 

The gray-shaded area of Table 5.6-100 reflects the fact that measures in those columns were 

assumed to not yet apply in the 2015 Control inventory. Therefore no benefits for these 

measures were modeled in 2015. 

The SMOKERedns sheet in the ControlCalcs spreadsheet contains relative benefits by SCC code 

and pollutant that were applied to the SMOKE-ready projected baseline inventory files and used 

to generate model-ready Control inventories. (Benefits for gaseous pollutants other than SO2

generally scaled with PM2.5 reductions except where noted earlier.) 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1363 

EMISSION INVENTORY DATA FILES

This final sub-section summarizes the key data files used to perform calculations and develop the 

SIP emission inventories. They include calculation and summary spreadsheets, inventory 

modeling files (e.g., MOVES and NONROAD files) and files developed for input to the 

SMOKE inventory pre-processing model. These files are described separately by source sector 

and also include summaries of other supporting files used in the inventory workflow. 

STATIONARY	POINT	SOURCE	FILES

Key point source data files consist of the following: 

 Fac*.xlsx – Spreadsheets containing episodic activity data, emission unit data and stack 

data for each stationary point source facility. They include fuel and process descriptions 

as well as calculations of emissions by day and hour for 2008 calendar days 

encompassing the two historical modeling episodes. 

 Actual_vs_PTE.xlsx – Spreadsheet compilation of average Episode 1, Episode 2, 2008 

Actual and PTE average daily emissions from each facility (used to generate facility 

emission comparison plots presented earlier in this appendix). 

STATIONARY	NON‐POINT	(AREA) SOURCE	FILES

Key area source data files include the following: 

 G3C_SpHtArea_yyyyFCase_11Tag_Episodes.xlsm – A series of macro-driven 

spreadsheets used to calculate episodic day and hour specific space heating emissions by 

grid cell, device type/SCC code and pollutant. In the filenames yyyy represents the 

calendar year and Case indicated identifies whether the file represents baseline (B) or 

projected baseline (PB) emissions. These spreadsheets apply the Home Heating Energy 

Model along with other space heating emission calculation elements described in earlier 

sections of this appendix to generate episodic, gridded space heating emissions estimates 

that are outputted to external files by the spreadsheet macro and subsequently formatted 

for SMOKE and attainment modeling use. 

 G3C_ARNR_yyyyFPBase.xlsx – A series of spreadsheet files used to compile and 

output modeling emissions for both other stationary area (AR) sources (i.e. excluding 

space heating sources) as well as non-road mobile sources (NR) by pollutant and SCC 

code, where yyyy represents the calendar year. These spreadsheets prepare CSV and 

fixed field-width data files for export of annual county-wide emissions and associated 

spatial and temporal surrogate data and profile files required by SMOKE. 

ON‐ROAD	MOBILE	SOURCE	FILES

On-road mobile source data files include: 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1364 

 MOVES_Inputs_ModelRuns_2008Backcast _20130109.xlsx - Spreadsheet used to 

calculate the vehicle activity and population inputs for MOVES2010a runs for all 

modeled calendar years. 

 MOVES2010a_Importer_yyyy.xls – MOVES importer input data spreadsheet used for 

driving the MOVES2010a runs for the calendar year yyyy. This file contains vehicle 

activity and characteristics required for a MOVES2010a simulation. 

 raterperdistance_smoke_2090_yyyy_ozonepmfbks_ep#.csv – MOVES rate-perdistance lookup table used in SMOKE for generating photochemical model ready onroad 

mobile running exhaust emissions data. Files are generated separately by year yyyy and 

episode number #. 

 raterpervehicle_smoke_2090_yyyy_ozonepmfbks_ep#.csv – MOVES rate-per-vehicle 

lookup table used in SMOKE for generating photochemical model ready onroad mobile 

starting and idling exhaust emissions data. Files are generated separately by year yyyy

and episode number #. 

 raterperprofile_smoke_2090_yyyy_ozonepmfbks_ep#.csv – MOVES rate-per-profile 

lookup table used in SMOKE for generating photochemical model ready onroad mobile 

evaporative emissions data. Files are generated separately by year yyyy and episode 

number #. 

 VPOP_MONTHS_yyyy.csv – Monthly vehicle population data used in SMOKE 

emissions calculations for rate-per-vehicle on-road mobile sources for each calendar year 

yyyy. 

 VMT_MONTHS_yyyy.csv – Monthly vehicle VMT data used in SMOKE emissions 

calculations for rate-per-distance on-road mobile sources for each calendar year yyyy. 

 SPEED_MONTH.csv –Winter average vehicle speed data used in SMOKE emissions 

calculations for rate-per-distance on-road mobile sources. 

NON‐ROAD	MOBILE	SOURCE	FILES

Key non-road mobile source data files consist of the following: 

 G3C_ARNR_yyyyFPBase.xlsx – See description under “Stationary Non-Point Source 

Files.” 

 cty_yyyy_Ann.xlsx - Spreadsheets containing imported NONROAD emissions modeling 

outputs by inventory calendar year (yyyy) and county (cty) where county names are 

Denali, FNSB, SEFairbanks and Yukon and reflect the four counties containing area 

within the attainment modeling domain. These spreadsheets are used to reformat the 

NONROAD emission data into a structure for use within SMOKE and to perform spatial 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Emission Inventory Data Files 

III.D.5.6-1365 

and temporal adjustments that could not be handled directly within NONROAD (e.g., 

snowmobile activity inside and outside the Fairbanks non-attainment area). 

OTHER	FILES

Other key data files include of the following: 

 HHBTU_Model_Adj.xlsx – A spreadsheet containing the validated BTU estimates by 

household, day and hour from the CCHRC Instrumented study and calculations of the 

regression coefficients for the Home Heating Energy Model. 

 FNSB_2011_Survey_Tabulations_2010HHWts.xlsx – Contains the raw and 

cleaned/validated results from the 2011 Home Heating survey and tabulations of those 

results that were exported for use in performing the episodic space heating emission 

inventory calculations. 

 SpaceHeat_EF&ER_2013_WoodReplace_Calcs.xlsx – A spreadsheet containing 

compilations of certified heating device data by make and model from EPA’s Burnwise 

database. These data include certified emission rate, minimum and maximum energy 

output, technology type and efficiency. They were used to develop correlated 

translations of emission rates (g/hr) to emission factors (lb/mmBTU). 

 ControlCalcs_FbksSIP_Final.xlsx – The spreadsheet discussed in detail in the 

preceding section of this appendix in which the control measure benefits are calculated 

and exported for use in the 2015 and 2019 Control inventories. 

In addition to the files specifically listed above, an electronic archive of modeling data files that 

are too numerous to list here was prepared for separate submittal/transmittal to EPA. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A

Fairbanks Home Heating & Wood Household Survey Scripts
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-1 

Fairbanks 2011 Home Heating Survey 

Final Script 

 

Phone # ______________ Survey # _________ 

Interviewer Name _________________ 

Date ______________ 

 

(Location of Home) 

 

Good evening, I am calling from Hays Research Group; we are conducting a brief survey on 

behalf of the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) and the Fairbanks 

North Star Borough (BURR-oh) regarding home space heating options. May I please speak to 

the person most knowledgeable about the heating devices in your home? (IF NOT AVAILABLE 

– When would be the best time to reach him/her? Set a callback and get a name.) 

 

 

Q1-Q8) Please tell me which of the following devices provide space heat for your home? 

 

Q1) A wood burning device? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q2) A central Oil furnace? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q3) Portable Fuel Oil/Kerosene heating device? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q4) Toyo (TOY-oh), Monitor or other direct vent type heater? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-2 

Q5) Natural Gas Heat? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q6) Coal Heat 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q7) Municipal Heat? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q8) Other not listed? __________________ 

 

QQ) And can you please tell me how many square feet are in your home, not including any 

garage space? 

 

1. _______________sq. ft. 

2. DK/REF 

 

(At least one of the questions between Q1-Q7 must = 1 yes, otherwise terminate) 

 

(Ask Q1a if Q1=1, otherwise skip to Q9) 

 

Q1a) Is your wood burning device a fireplace, a fireplace with insert, a wood burning stove or 

outdoor wood boiler? 

 

1-Fireplace 

2-Fireplace with insert 

3-Wood burning stove 

4-Outdoor Wood Boiler (note could called hydronic heater by some) 

5-DK/REF 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-3 

Q9) (Q9 answers must total 100%) What percentage of your heating is done by each of the 

following devices during the winter months, from October to March? 

 

a. Wood Burning Device % 

b. Central Oil furnace % 

c. Portable Fuel Oil/Kerosene % 

d. Direct Vent type % 

e. Natural Gas Heat % 

f. Coal Heat % 

g. Municipal Heat % 

h. Other % 

We’ll now get into some usage details of each type of heating. 

 

(Section 1: Wood burning stove/Fireplace insert) 

 

(Ask Q10-Q12 if Q1a = 2) “Fireplace with insert” or 3) “Wood burning stove”, otherwise skip to 

Q13) 

 

Q10a) Was your wood burning stove or insert installed before or after 1988? 

 

1) Before 

2) After 

3) DK/REF 

 

Q11a) How old is your wood burning stove or insert? Allow multiple responses 

 

1) Less than 1 year 

2) 1-5 

3) 5-10 

4) 10-15 

5) 15+ years 

6) DK/REF 

 

Q11b) Is your wood stove or insert catalytic or non –catalytic? 

 

1) catalytic 

2) non-catalytic 

3) DK/REF 

 

Q12) Does your stove or insert burn pellets or cord wood? Allow multiple responses 

 

1)Pellets 

2)Cord Wood 

3) DK/REF 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-4 

 

(Ask Q13-Q14 if Q12=2 “Cord wood”, otherwise skip to Q15) 

 

Q13) What best describes your use of wood heat during the winter months, October to March? 

a. Day time only d. Weekend only g. Not currently using any device 

b. Evening only e. Evening and Weekend only h. Don’t know (do not read) 

c. Daytime and evening f. Occasional use i. Refused (do not read) 

 

Q14) Where do you get the wood for your heating? Allow multiple responses 

1. Buy wood 

2. Cut your own 

3. DK/REF 

 

(Ask Q15-Q17a if Q14=2 “Cut your own”, otherwise skip to Q18) 

 

Q15) When cutting wood do you get a permit? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q16) How many months do you season your wood before burning it? 

 

1._______Months 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q17) Do you know what the moisture content of your wood is, and if so, what is it? 

 

1._______Percent 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

(Ask Q18-Q19 if Q12 =2 “Cord wood”, otherwise skip to Q20) 

 

18) In cords, how much wood do you burn in your wood burning stove or insert annually? 

(If the respondent asks, one cord of wood is four feet wide, four feet high, and eight feet long 

stacked) 

 

 

1. Wood in cords ______ 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q19) In cords, how much do you burn from October to March? 

1. Wood in cords ______ 

2. DK/REF=9999 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-5 

 

(Ask Q20-Q21 if Q12=1 “pellets”, otherwise skip to Q22) 

 

Q20) How many 40 lb bags of pellets do you burn in your wood burning stove or insert 

annually? 

 

1. 40 lb bags of pellets ________ 

2. DK/refused=9999 

 

 

Q21) How many bags do you burn from October to March? 

 

1. 40 lb bags of pellets ________ 

2. DK/refused=9999 

(Ask Q22 if q18 or q19= DK/REF, otherwise skip to Q23) 

 

Q22) How much do you spend per year on wood? 

 

1. $__________ 

2. DK/refused=9999 

 

(Ask q23 if q20 or q21 = DK/REF, otherwise skip to Q24) 

 

Q23) How much do you spend per year on pellets? 

 

1. $__________ 

2. DK/refused=9999 

Q23a) Is there a pellet source that you prefer? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

(Ask Q23b if Q23a=”Yes”, otherwise skip to Q24) 

 

Q23b) Why do you prefer that source? 

 

Specify ___________ 

(Section 2: Wood burning Fireplace) 

 

(Ask Q24-Q25 if Q1a = 1 “Fireplace”, otherwise skip to Q32) 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-6 

Q24) From this list, what best describes your use of wood heat during the winter months, from 

October to March? 

a. Day time only d. Weekend only g. Not currently using any device 

b. Evening only e. Evening and Weekend only h. Don’t know (do not read) 

c. Daytime and evening f. Occasional use i. Refused (do not read) 

Q25) Where do you get the wood for your heating? (Allow multiple responses) 

1. Buy wood 

2. Cut your own 

3. DK/REF 

 

(Ask Q26-Q31 if Q25=2, otherwise skip to Q32) 

 

Q26) When cutting wood do you get a permit? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q27) How many months do you season your wood before burning it? 

 

1. Months ______ 

2. DK/refused=9999 

Q28) Do you know what the moisture content of your wood is, and if so, what is it? 

 

1. Percent ______ 

2. DK/refused=9999 

Q29) In cords, how much wood do you burn in your fireplace annually? 

 

1. ________cords 

2. DK/refused = 9999 

 

Q30) How much do you burn from October to March? 

 

1. ________cords 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q31 How much do you spend per year on wood? 

 

1. $__________ 

2. DK/REF=9999 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-7 

(Section 3: Outdoor Wood Boiler) 

 

(Ask Q32-Q33 if section if Q1a = 4 “outdoor wood boiler”, otherwise skip to Q34) 

 

Q32) What best describes your use of wood heat during the winter months, from October to 

March? 

a. Day time only d. Weekend only g. Not currently using any device 

b. Evening only e. Evening and Weekend only h. Don’t know (do not read) 

c. Daytime and evening f. Occasional use i. Refused (do not read) 

 

Q33) Where do you get the wood for your heating? (allow multiple responses) 

1. Buy wood 

2. Cut your own 

3. Purchase Pellets 

4. DK/REF 

 

(Ask Q34-Q36 if Q33=2 “cut your own”, otherwise skip to Q37) 

 

Q34) When cutting wood do you get a permit? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q35) How many months do you season your wood before burning it? 

 

1. Months ______ 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q36) Do you know what the moisture content of your wood is, and if so, what is it? 

 

1. Percent ______ 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q37) How much wood do you burn in your outdoor wood boiler annually? 

 

1. ________cords 

2. ________ pellets 

3. DK/REF=9999 

Q38) How much do you burn from October to March? 

 

1. ________cords 

2. ________ pellets 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-8 

3. REF=9999 

 

(ask Q39 if Q33= 1 “Buy wood”, otherwise skip to Q40) 

(ask Q38a if Q33= 3 “Purchase Pellets”, otherwise skip to Q40) 

Q38a) Is there a pellet source that you prefer? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

(Ask Q38b if Q38a=”Yes”, otherwise skip to Q40) 

 

Q38b) Why do you prefer that source? 

 

Specify ___________ 

 

Q39) How much do you spend per year on wood? 

 

1. $__________ 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q40) What is the brand name of your outdoor wood boiler? (open ended) 

(Section 4: Central Oil) 

 

(ask Q41-Q44 of Q2=1 “yes”, otherwise skip to Q45) 

 

Q41) How large is your fuel oil tank, in gallons? 

 

1. _______Gallons 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q42) In gallons, how much oil do you use annually? 

 

1. _______Gallons 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q43) How many gallons do you use during the winter months (October – March)? 

 

1. _______Gallons 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q44) How much do you spend per year on fuel oil? 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-9 

1. $__________ 

2. 9999=No/DK/REF 

(Section 5: Portable Fuel Oil/Kerosene Heating Device) 

 

(Ask Q45-Q46 if Q3=1 “YES”, otherwise skip to Q47) 

 

Q45) You mentioned using a Portable Fuel Oil or Kerosene Heating Device, does the device use 

Fuel Oil? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q46) Does the device use Kerosene? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

(If Q45 OR Q46 = 1 “yes”, read Q47-Q48, otherwise skip to Q49) 

 

Q47) In gallons, how much oil/kerosene do you use annually? 

 

1. ________gallons 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q48) How many gallons do you use during the winter months (October – March)? 

 

1. ________gallons 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q49) How much do you spend per year on oil/kerosene? No/DK/REF=9999 

 

1. $________ 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

(Section 5.1 

For homes using Central Oil, and/or Portable Fuel Oil/Kerosene Heating Devices, and/or Other 

devices) 

 

(Ask Q50 if Q2=1 “yes” or Q3=1 “yes” or Q7=1 “yes”, otherwise skip to Q51 

 

Q50) From this list please tell me what best describes your use of fuel oil and kerosene burning 

devices during the winter months, from October to March? 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-10 

a. Day time only d. Weekend only g. Not currently using any device 

b. Evening only e. Evening and Weekend only h. Don’t know (do not read) 

c. Daytime and evening f. Occasional use i. Refused (do not read) 

 

Section 6: Toyo, Monitor, or other Direct Vent Type of Heater if uses fuel oil and direct 

vent fuel consumption question 

 

(Ask this section if Q4=1 “yes”, otherwise skip to Q55) 

 

If Q2=1 and Q4=1 skip Q 51 & Q52 

 

Q51) In gallons, how much oil do you use annually? 

 

1. _______Gallons 

2. 9999=DK/refused 

 

Q52) How many gallons do you use during the winter months (October – March)? 

 

1. _______Gallons 

2. 9999=DK/REF 

 

Q53) How much do you spend per year on oil? 

 

1. $________ 

2. 9999=DK/REF 

 

Q54) What best describes your use of direct vent heating device during the winter months, from 

October to May? 

a. Day time only d. Weekend only g. Not currently using any device 

b. Evening only e. Evening and Weekend only h. Don’t know (do not read) 

c. Daytime and evening f. Occasional use i. Refused (do not read) 

Section 7: Natural Gas Heating Device 

 

(if Q5=1 “yes”, ask Q55-Q56, otherwise skip to Q57) 

 

Q55) How much do you spend on natural gas annually? 

 

1. $________ 

2. DK/REF=9999 

 

Q56) How much do you spend during the winter months, from October to March? 

 

1. $________ 

2. DK/REF=9999 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-11 

 

Section X: Coal Heating Device 

 

(if q6=1 “yes”, ask Q57-Q60, otherwise skip to Q61) 

 

Q57) How much coal do you use annually? 

1.__tons 

2.__bags 

3. DK/refused 

 

Q58) How much did you pay for the coal? 

1.___$/bag 

2.___$/ton 

3. DK/refused 

 

Q59) How much coal do you use during the winter (October – March)? 

1.__tons 

2.__bags 

3. DK/refused 

 

Q60) Is your coal burned in an indoor stove or an outdoor boiler? 

 

1. Indoor stove 

2. Outdoor boiler 

3. DK/refused 

 

(Section F: Municipal Heat) 

 

If Q7=1 “yes”, ask Q61-Q62, otherwise skip to Q63) 

 

Q61) How much do you spend on municipal heat annually? 

 

1. $________ 

 DK/refused =9999 

 

Q62) How much do you spend on municipal heat during the winter months, October to March? 

 

1. $________ 

DK/REF=9999 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-12 

Future Section (to be completed for every survey) 

 

Q63) Do you anticipate acquiring a new or different type of heating device within the next 2 

years? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/refused 

 

(If Q63=1 “yes”, ask Q64, otherwise skip to 

 

Q64) What type of device do you plan to acquire? READ LIST 

a. Wood Stove d. Fuel Oil h. Don’t know (do not read) 

b. Wood Pellet e. Kerosene i. Refused (do not read) 

c. Outdoor Wood Boiler f. Coal stove g. Outdoor coal boiler j Other (Specify) 

(If Q64= a. ‘Wood stove”, ask Q64a, otherwise skip to Q65) 

 

Q64a) Newer EPA certified stoves are more efficient and require less chimney cleaning than 

older stoves. These benefits ultimately offset the purchase price, particularly if you hire chimney 

sweepers. How quickly would a new stove need to pay for itself in order for you to buy one? 

 

1. 1 year 

2. 2 years 

3. 3 years 

4. 4 years 

5. 5 years or more 

6. None 

7. Don’t Know/Refused (do not read) 

Q64b) Would you invest in a new more efficient stove if you were to receive a price incentive 

paid by either state or local government of $250? (like a rebate) 

 

1. Yes 

2. No >> ask 64c 

if answer to 64 b is no then proceed to 64c: 

Q64c) What if the price incentive was $500? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No >> ask 64d 

if answer to 64 c is no then proceed to 64 d: 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-13 

Q64d) And if the price incentive were $750, would you invest in a new stove? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No >> ask 64e 

if answer to 64 d is no then proceed to 64 e: 

Q64e) What if the incentive were $1,000? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No >> ask 64f 

if answer to 64e) is no then proceed to 64f) 

Q64f How much of an incentive would it take for you to invest in a new stove? 

 

1. $1000 – 1200 

2. $1201 – 1500 

3. $1501 – 1750 

4. $1751 – 2000 

5. $2001 or more 

6. DK/refused 

 

(If Q1a=1 or Q12=2 ask Q65-Q68, otherwise skip to Q69) 

Q65) Did you burn more wood this winter to minimize the cost of heating oil? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q66) What fuel oil price would cause you to shift away from using wood for heating? 

(If respondent is unclear of question ask: If fuel oil prices decline, at what price will you shift to 

using more fuel oil to heat and decrease the use of wood?) 

Specify:____________ 

 

Q67) Natural gas is currently priced at $2.34/hundred cubic feed which is equivalent to $3.04 of 

#2 Heating Oil. How much lower would natural gas need to be priced to cause you to shift away 

from fuel oil? (If respondent is unclear of the question, ask what the equivalent fuel oil price per 

gallon that would cause them to shift away from fuel oil?) 

Specify:____________ 

(ASK Q68 ONLY IF ZIP=99709, otherwise skip to Q69) 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-14 

Q68) Can you please tell me whether you live inside of Chena Ridge (to the east of the ridge) or 

outside of Chena Ridge (to the west of the ridge). 

 

1. Inside Chena Ridge 

2. Outside Chena Ridge 

3. DK/REF 

 

(ASK Q69 ONLY IF ZIP=99712, otherwise skip to Q70) 

 

Q69) Can you please tell me if you live inside of Farmers Loop Road or outside of Farmers 

Loop Road? 

 

1. Inside Farmers Loop Road 

2. Outside Farmers Loop Road 

3. DK/REF 

(ASK ALL) 

Q70) Are you being impacted by wood smoke from your neighbors? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

Q71) Does the Borough have a winter time air quality problem? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. DK/REF 

 

Q72) How do you keep abreast of current issues is it (read list, allow more than one answer) 

 

1. TV 

2. Radio 

3. Newspaper 

4. Internet 

5. Other 

6. DK/refused 

Thank you, that is all the questions I have this evening. If you have questions or comments 

about this survey, I can give you the contact information for Hays Research Group. Again, thank 

you for your time. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-15 

2013 Wood-Burning Household Tag Survey 

Intro / Screener 

Hello, this is ___________ calling from Hays Research Group, an Alaskan research firm. We 

are conducting a survey today on behalf of the State and The Fairbanks Northstar Borough to 

gather information about specific models of heating devices to help us better understand the air 

quality issues in the area. Your number was selected at random, and all information collected 

will be kept confidential, your name address and phone number will not be included in any of the 

information given to the State or Borough. Can I speak to the person in the household who 

would be most knowledgeable about heating methods in your home? 

Q1)Do you use any wood-burning heating devices in your house during winter? 

(this could include wood stoves, fireplaces, hydronic heaters, outdoor wood boilers and 

pellet stoves) 

1. Yes (continue) 

2. No or Don’t know / Refused (terminate “the survey today deals with wood heating 

devices, so you are ineligible to participate, thanks for your time”) 

Q2)What type of wood device(s) do you use? Read list (multiple answers OK) 

 

1. Wood Stove 

2. Pellet Stove 

3. Insert 

4. Fireplace 

5. Hydronic heater (sometimes referred to as an outdoor wood boiler) 

6. Other (specify) – removed 20913 

7. (Don’t know/Refused) - terminate 

[IF Q2=1. WOOD, ASK Q3-Q9] 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

WOOD STOVE SECTION 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Q3) I am going to ask you a few questions about your wood stove. Are you able to look at it 

to give me some specific information? 

1. Yes 

2. No (ask if there is a better time to call back) 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-16 

Q4)What year was the wood stove installed in your home? (date range between 1950-2013) 

1. (open ended) 

2. Don’t know=9998, Refused=9999 (ask Q4 again after Q9 if DK/REF) 

Q5A-B) Do you know the make and model of your wood stove? 

Q5A) Make 

1. (open-end) 

3. Don’t know / Refused (ask Q5 again after Q9 if DK/REF) 

Q5B) Model 

1. (open-end) 

2. Don’t know / Refused (ask Q5 again after Q9 if DK/REF) 

Q6) If you have a wood stove and it is EPA certified, it should have an EPA-certification 

label on the back or side. Please take a look at it as the next questions I will ask you are 

specific to the information written on the label. 

If the respondent refuses or is unable to see the label - ask if you can set up a 

call back time to speak with someone who can or a time that is more convenient –

be sure to reread the list of information you will be calling back for. 

If respondent refuses to set up a call back time - ask if you can send them a 

postcard to be returned by mail with the requested information. (GO TO Q22 IF 

Q2=1 or 3 only and Q6=3 (Refused-YES TO POSTCARD). IF Q2=1 AND Q6=3 

(Refused-YES TO POSTCARD) GO TO Q22. IF Q2=1 & 5 AND Q6=3 

(Refused-YES TO POSTCARD) GOT TO Q10) 

1=Continue 

2=Set callback 

3= Refused (YES TO POSTCARD) 

4=Refused (NOT TO POSTCARD) – terminate 

5=Wood stove not EPA Certified (go to Q22 if Q2=1 only, If Q2=1, 3 & 5, go to 

Q3I, then DQ10) 

6=Label no longer available/Unreadable ((go to Q22 if Q2=1 only, If Q2=1, 3 & 

5, go to Q3I, then DQ10) 

Is it Catalyst Equipped or Non Catalytic? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t Know / Refused 

Q7)What is the Smoke Rating (grams/hour)? – (range = 0.5 – 8 grams per hour) 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-17 

______ (DK=98/REF=99) 

Q8)What is the Efficiency (50% - 100%)? 

1. Open ended (in percent) 

2. Don’t know=998, Refused=999 

Q9)What is the Heat Output range (Btu/Hr.)? (range = 1000-80,000 btu) 

1. Open ended (defined as range in # Btu/Hr eg “7000-30000”) 

2. Don’t know=99998, Refused=99999 

[IF Q2=3. INSERT, ASK Q3I-Q9I] 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

INSERT SECTION 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Q3I) I am going to ask you a few questions about your Insert heating device. Are you able to 

look at it to give me some specific information? 

3. Yes 

4. No (ask if there is a better time to call back) 

Q4I)What year was the Insert heating device installed in your home? (date range between 1950-

2013) 

4. (open ended) 

5. Don’t know=9998, Refused=9999 (ask Q4 again after Q9 if DK/REF) 

Q5AI-Q5BI) Do you know the make and model of your Insert heating device? 

Q5AI) Make 

1. (open-end) 

6. Don’t know / Refused (ask Q5AI again after Q9I if DK/REF) 

Q5BI) Model 

1. (open-end) 

2. Don’t know / Refused (ask Q5BI again after Q9I if DK/REF) 

Q6I) If you have an Insert heating device and it is EPA certified, it should have an EPAcertification label on the back or side. Please take a look at it as the next questions I will 

ask you are specific to the information written on the label. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-18 

If the respondent refuses or is unable to see the label - ask if you can set up a 

call back time to speak with someone who can or a time that is more convenient –

be sure to reread the list of information you will be calling back for. 

If respondent refuses to set up a call back time - ask if you can send them a 

postcard to be returned by mail with the requested information. (GO TO Q22 IF 

Q2=1 or 3 only and Q6=3 (Refused-YES TO POSTCARD). IF Q2=3 AND 

Q6I=3 (Refused-YES TO POSTCARD) GO TO Q22. IF Q2=3 & 5 AND Q6I=3 

(Refused-YES TO POSTCARD) GOT TO Q10) 

1=Continue 

2=Set callback 

3= Refused (YES TO POSTCARD) 

4=Refused (NOT TO POSTCARD) – terminate 

5= Insert stove not EPA Certified (go to Q22 if Q2=3 only. If Q2=3 & 5, go to 

DQ10 before Q22) 

6=Label no longer available/Unreadable (go to Q22 if Q2=3 only. If Q2=3 & 5, 

go to DQ10 before Q22) 

Is it Catalyst Equipped or Non Catalytic? 

4. Yes 

5. No 

6. Don’t Know / Refused 

Q7I)What is the Smoke Rating (grams/hour)? – (range = 0.5 – 8 grams per hour) 

______ (DK=98/REF=99) 

Q8I)What is the Efficiency (50% - 100%)? 

3. Open ended (in percent) 

4. Don’t know=998, Refused=999 

Q9I)What is the Heat Output range (Btu/Hr.)? (range = 1000-80,000 btu) 

3. Open ended (defined as range in # Btu/Hr eg “7000-30000”) 

4. Don’t know=99998, Refused=99999 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-19 

[IF Q2=5 Hydronic heater, ASK Q10-Q21] 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

HYDRONIC HEATER SECTION 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Q10) If you have a hydronic heater and it is “Phase 1 or Phase 2 Qualified”, it will have a white 

label. Please take a look at it as the next questions I will ask you are specific to the 

information written on the label. 

If the respondent refuses or is unable to see the label - ask if you can set up a 

call back time to speak with someone who can or a time that is more convenient –

be sure to reread the list of information you will be calling back for. 

If respondent refuses to set up a call back time - ask if you can send them a 

postcard to be returned by mail with the requested information. (GO TO Q22 IF 

Refused=Yes to Postcard, terminate if Q2=5 only and Q10=4 Refused-No to 

Postcard)

1=Continue 

2=Set callback 

3= Refused (YES TO POSTCARD) 

4=Refused (NOT TO POSTCARD) – terminate 

5= Hydronic heater not Phase 1/Phase 2 (go to Q22) 

6= Label no longer available/Unreadable (go to Q22) 

What is the Smoke Emissions This Model number (0.xx lbs/million btu)? 

(IF NEEDED, read: This will be shown as a triangle along the bottom of a line. The 

number we are looking for is the one that says “this model”) 

 (range = 0 - 0.5 lbs / million btu) 

1. Open ended (in lbs/million Btu) 

2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99 

Q11)If it is not too difficult, please provide information on the following items: 

Manufacturer (of the hydronic heater) 

1. Open ended 

2. Don’t know / Refused 

Q12)Model Number (of the hydronic heater) 

1. ENTER MODEL NUMBER 

2. Don’t know / Refused 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-20 

Q13)8-Hour Heat Output Rating (Btu/Hr) 

- (range = 1,000-400,000 btu/hr, answer will be in a range such as “10,000-40,000” 

1. Open ended (in Btu/Hr) 

2. Don’t know=999998, Refused=999999 

Q14)8-Hour Average Efficiency (in %) 

- We will set this as a numeric open-end with 0-100% range then we can code DK as 101 

and REF as 102 or both with 101 

1. Open ended (in %) 

2. Don’t know=101, Refused=102 

Q15) Is your hydronic heater tag orange or white ? 

1. Orange with a white border 

2. White with an orange border 

3. Don’t know / Refused (skip to Q19) 

Q16)(ask Q16 only if Q15 = 1. Orange) 

What is the Average emissions in Grams per Hour? This is denoted as blank grams per 

hour average 

- (range = 5-30 grams /hr) 

1. Open ended (in GRAMS/HR) 

2. Don’t know / Refused 

Q17)(ask Q17 – Q18 only if Q15 = 2 White) 

What are the average emissions in grams per hour? 

 (range = 0-15 grams / hr) 

1. Open ended (in GRAMS/HR) 

2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99 

Q18) What is the maximum test run emissions? (IF NEEDED, read: This is denoted as blank 

grams per hour maximum test run). 

- (range = 0-20 grams/hr) 

1. Open ended (in GRAMS/HR) 

2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99 

Q19)The next number down should be blank lbs per million BTU heat input. Can you read me 

that number? 

- (range = 0-1 lbs/million btu) 

1. Open ended (in LBS/MILLION BTU) 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-21 

2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99 

Q20) The next number down should be blank lbs per million BTU heat output. Can you read 

me that number? 

- (range = 0-3 lbs/million btu) 

1. Open ended (in LBS/MILLION BTU) 

2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99 

Q21) The last number on the bottom should read blank grams per hour per ten thousand BTU 

output. Can you read me that number? 

- range = 0-2 grams / hr) 

1. Open ended (in GRAMS/HR/10000BTU OUTPUT) 

2. Don’t know=98 / Refused=99 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

ALL DEVICE SECTION 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

ASK ALL 

Q22)What other heating devices do you use? 

1. A central oil furnace 

2. Portable fuel oil or kerosene heating device 

3. Toyo (toy-oh), Monitor, or other direct vent type heater 

4. Natural gas heat 

5. Coal heat 

6. Municipal heat 

7. Other (specify) 

8. Don’t Know / Refused 

9. No other heating device (go to Q27) 

ASK ALL 

Q23A-Q23B)Roughly how much of your winter heating is done with wood versus other heating 

methods? For instance would you say you heat with 20% wood and 80% heating oil? 

(Should equal to 100%) 

1. % Fuel oil 

2. % Wood 

3. DK=998 

4. Refused=999 

Q24) (For multi-device HHs) Do you always burn wood at colder temps as a secondary source 

of heat? 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-22 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t know / Refused 

Q25) Ask only if Q24 = 1. Yes, otherwise skip to Q27) 

Is that because 

1. You need the extra heat to keep all areas of the house warm 

2. To save money? 

3. Both? 

4. Other specify 

5. (Don’t know/Refused) 

Q26)(ask only if Q25 = 1. Yes, otherwise skip to Q27) 

At what temperature do you have to start burning wood to keep all of the areas of the 

house warm? 

1. Open ended (in degrees Fahrenheit) = (range: -60 to 100 degress) 

2. Don’t Know=998 / Refused=999 

Q27)Have you participated in any of the following programs? (allow multiple responses) 

1. Borough’s Wood Stove Change Out Program 

2. AHFC Home Rebate 

3. AHFC Weatherization 

4. No 

5. Don’t Know / Refused 

(AHFC = Alaska Housing Finance Corporation) 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

ALL DEVICES, NEVER PARTICIPATED IN OTHER PROGRAMS SECTION 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Q28) (ask only if Q27 = 4. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37) 

If you did not participate in these programs, would you change out the wood burning 

device you currently operate to a cleaner device if the Borough reimbursed you 75% of 

the cost of installing a new replacement device? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t Know / Refused 

Q29) (ask if Q28= 2. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37) 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-23 

Would you change out the wood burning device you currently operate to a cleaner device 

if the Borough reimbursed you 80% of the cost of installing a new replacement device? 

1=YES 

2=NO 

3= (Don’t know/Refused) 

Q30) (ask if Q29= 2. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37) 

Would you change out the wood burning device you currently operate to a cleaner device 

if the Borough reimbursed you 85% of the cost of installing a new replacement device? 

1=YES 

2=NO 

3= (Don’t know/Refused) 

Q31) (ask if Q30= 2. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37) 

Would you change out the wood burning device you currently operate to a cleaner device 

if the Borough reimbursed you 90% of the cost of installing a new replacement device? 

1=YES 

2=NO 

3= (Don’t know/Refused) 

Q32) (ask if Q31= 2. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37) 

Would you change out the wood burning device you currently operate to a cleaner device 

if the Borough reimbursed you 95% of the cost of installing a new replacement device? 

1=YES 

2=NO 

3= (Don’t know/Refused) 

Q33) (ask if Q32= 2. No, otherwise skip to Q34, if Q2=2 Pellet, skip to Q37) 

Would you change out the wood burning device you currently operate to a cleaner device 

if the Borough reimbursed you 100% of the cost of installing a new replacement device? 

1=YES 

2=NO 

3= (Don’t know/Refused) 

Q34) Do you cut your own firewood or buy it from someone else? 

1= Cut your own (go to Q37) 

2= Buy it from someone else 

3= Both 

4= Don’t Know / Refused 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-24 

Q35A-Q35B) Ask if Q34 = 3. Both, otherwise skip to Q36) 

How much of your wood do you buy versus cutting. For instance would you say you cut 

75% and buy 25%? 

1 = open ended (answer in terms of % cut / % bought) 

2 = Don’t know=998 / Refused=999 

Q36) (ask only if Q34 = 2. Buy it from someone else, or 3. Both) 

Where do you buy your firewood? Be as specific as possible as in the name of the person 

or company if possible. 

1 = Open ended 

2 = Don’t Know / Refused 

Q36A) What price, per cord, did you pay for wood this winter? (in $/cord of wood) 

 (Open ended) (99998=Don’t 

know/99999=Refused) 

Q36B) Does that price include the cost of delivery? 

 

Yes 

No 

Don’t know / Refused 

[ASK Q37 ONLY IF Q2=1, 3-5] 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

ALL DEVICES, CORDWOOD SECTION 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Q37) What types/species of wood do you burn? What’s the share of each type? (read list) 

 (IF 1 type of wood only/Other type of wood – do not ask follow up question but auto code it as 

100%) 

Birch (x%) 

Spruce (y%) 

Alder (z%) 

Other type of wood (a%) 

Q38A) (Ask Q38A only if Q2 = 1 “wood stove”, 3. “insert” , 4 . “Fireplace” or 5. “Hydronic 

Heater/ Outdoor wood boiler”, otherwise skip to Q38B) 

In cords, how much wood do you burn from October to March? 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-25 

1. ________cords 

2. DK=9998/Refused = 9999 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

ALL DEVICES, PELLETS SECTION 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Q38B) (Ask Q38B only if Q2 = 2 “pellet stove”, otherwise skip to Q38C)For Pellet Stoves: 

 

Q38) How many 40 lb bags of pellets do you burn in your wood burning stove or 

insert from October to March? 

 

1. 40 lb bags of pellets ________ 

2. DK=9998/refused=9999 

Q38C) How long do you season your wood, if at all? (range: 0 to 120 months) 

(open ended) (record answer in number of months) code Don’t know as 998 and Refused as 999 

Q39) Knowing that dry wood provides 25 percent more heat than wet wood, would you pay 

$25 more per cord for dry wood? 

1 = Yes 

2 = No 

3 = Don’t Know / Refused 

 

Q40) (ask if Q39 = 1. Yes, otherwise skip to Q43) 

Would you pay 50 dollars more per cord for dry wood? 

1 = Yes 

2 = No 

3 = Don’t Know / Refused 

Q41) (ask if Q40 = 1. Yes. Otherwise skip to Q43) 

Would you pay 75 dollars more per cord for dry wood? 

1 = Yes 

2 = No 

3 = Don’t Know / Refused 

Q42) (ask if Q41 = 1. Yes. Otherwise skip to Q43) 

Would you pay 100 dollars more per cord for dry wood? 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-26 

1 = Yes 

2 = No 

3 = Don’t Know / Refused 

Q43) On a scale of zero to a hundred with zero being wide open and a hundred being 

completely shut, where do you typically set the air damper on your wood stove or insert? 

(0-100% for min/max)? 

Open ended (%) 

Don’t know=101 / Refused=102 

Q44) Is there a difference between your nighttime and daytime setting? 

1 = Yes 

2 = No 

3 = Don’t Know / Refused 

Q45) (Ask if Q44 = 1. Yes, otherwise skip to Q 47) 

On a scale of zero to a hundred with zero being wide open and a hundred being 

completely shut, where do you set your air damper at night? 

1. Open ended (%) 

2. Don’t know / Refused 

Q46) (Ask if Q44 = 1. Yes, otherwise skip to Q 47) 

On a scale of zero to a hundred with zero being wide open and a hundred being 

completely shut, where do you set your air damper during the daytime? 

3. Open ended (%) 

4. Don’t know / Refused 

Q47) If natural gas becomes available in Fairbanks, What natural gas price would get you to 

stop burning wood? This is a little bit difficult, but if you could, please phrase it in terms 

of dollars per gallon of heating fuel. For example you could say I would stop burning 

wood if natural gas cost the equivalent of four dollars a gallon of heating oil, or three 

dollars a gallon, etc. 

1. Open ended (in $/GALLON) (range: 0-20 dollars) 

2. Don’t know / Refused 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-27 

Q48) If natural gas were available in Fairbanks, would you still need to burn wood at lower 

temperatures to keep your house warm regardless of how gas is priced? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t know / Refused 

IF RESPONDENT AGREED TO BE SENT A POSTCARD IN Q6, Q6I OR Q10, ASK the 

following information before terminating the call: 

Name to send the Postcard to (full name) 

Full Address 

(END) 

Those are all the questions I have today. Thank you for your time and participation. Have a good 

day/evening. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-28 

2013 Fairbanks Wood Purchasing Survey Questionnaire 

Hello, this is ___________ calling from Hays Research Group, an Alaskan research firm. We 

are conducting a survey today on behalf of the State and The Fairbanks Northstar Borough to 

gather information about house heating devices to help us better understand the air quality issues 

in the area. Your number was selected at random, and all information collected will be kept 

confidential, your name address and phone number will not be included in any of the information 

given to the State or Borough. Can I speak to the person in the household who would be most 

knowledgeable about heating methods in your home? 

Q1)Do you use any wood-burning heating devices in your house during the winter? 

1. Yes (continue) 

2. No (end call) 

Q2)What type of wood device(s) do you use? Read list (allow multiple responses) 

 

1. Stove 

2. Insert 

3. Fireplace 

4. Hydronic heater (also known as an outdoor wood boiler) 

5. Other (specify) 

6. Don’t know / Refused 

Q3)Do you cut your own firewood, or buy it? 

1. Cut 

2. Buy 

3. Both 

4. Don’t Know / Refused 

Q4) (ask only if Q3 = both) How much of your wood do you buy versus cutting. For 

instance would you say you cut 75% and buy 25%? 

1. open ended (answer in terms of % cut / % bought) 

2. Don’t know / Refused 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

PURCHASED WOOD (WOOD BUYERS) SECTION 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Q5) (ask only if Q3 = 2. Buy, or 3. Both, otherwise skip to Q14) Regarding the firewood you 

purchase, do you have the wood delivered or do you pick it up? 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-29 

1. Delivered 

2. Pick It Up 

3. Both 

4. Don’t know / Refused 

Q6)Do you have a consistent firewood supplier? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t know / refused 

Q7) (ask Q7 only if Q6 = 1. Yes, otherwise skip to Q09) How many years have you bought 

wood from them? 

1. 1 year 

2. 2 years 

3. 3 years 

4. 4 years 

5. 5 years 

6. 6 years 

7. 7 years 

8. 8 years 

9. 9 years 

10. 10 or more years 

11. Don’t know / Refused 

Q8)What do you like most about the supplier? (multiple responses OK) 

1. Price 

2. Reliability 

3. Honesty 

4. Wood is split 

5. Wood is dry 

6. Delivery (when and where you want it dumped) 

7. Other (please specify) 

8. Don’t know / Refused 

Q9) (ask Q9 only if Q6 = 2. No, or 3, Don’t know / Refused, otherwise skip to Q10) How do 

you choose a firewood supplier? 

1. Advertisement (e.g., newspaper, Craigslist, etc.) 

2. Word of mouth 

3. Review old supplier info 

4. Other (describe) 

5. Don’t know / Refused 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-30 

Q10)Is the wood you buy already split or in the round? 

1. Split 

2. In the round 

3. Both 

4. Don’t know / Refused 

 

Q11)(ask Q11 only if Q10 = 2. In the round, or 3. Both, otherwise skip to Q12) 

If the wood is in the round, when do you split it? (READ OPTIONS) 

1. As needed 

2. Upon delivery 

3. Don’t know / Refused 

Q12)Do you know where your suppliers are getting their wood from? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t know / Refused 

Q13)Where do they get their wood from? 

(OPEN ENDED) 

Q14) Are you aware of firewood theft? 

1. Yes (from newspaper and news articles) 

2. Yes (from personal experience) 

3. No 

4. Don’t know / Refused 

Q15) Do you ask suppliers what the moisture content of the firewood is that they are selling? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t know / Refused 

Q16)Do the suppliers tell you the moisture content of the firewood they are selling? 

 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t know / Refused 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-31 

Q17)(ask Q17, only if Q16 = yes, otherwise skip to Q18) 

Are they truthful about the moisture content when they tell you? Is it as dry as they say it 

is? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t Know / Refused 

Q18)(Ask Q18 only if Q5 = 1. Yes, or 3. Both, otherwise skip to Q19)What is the delivery fee 

you pay for your wood? This is not the price of the wood, but only the delivery charge. 

1. $__ 

2. Don’t Know / Refused 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

CUT WOOD (WOOD BUYERS) SECTION 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Q19) (ask Q19 only if Q3 = 1. Cut, or 3. Both, otherwise skip to Q20) With regard to the wood 

that you cut, where do you cut it (read list) (accept multiple answers) 

1. State Lands 

2. Military Bases 

3. Railroad Land 

4. Personal Property 

5. Other (Please specify) 

6. Don’t Know / Refused 

Q20)How long do you season your wood, if at all? 

(open ended) (record answer in number of months) 

Q21) (ask Q21 only if Q3 = 2. Buy or 3. Both, otherwise survey is complete) 

What price did you pay for your wood this winter per cord? ($/cord)? 

Q22) Knowing that dry wood provides 25 percent more heat than wet wood, would you pay 

$25 more per cord for dry wood? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t Know / Refused 

Q23)(Ask Q23 if Q22 = 1. Yes, otherwise survey is complete) 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment A 

Attachment A-32 

Would you pay 50 dollars more per cord for dry wood? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t Know / Refused 

Q24)(Ask Q24 if Q23 = 1. Yes, otherwise survey is complete) 

Would you pay 75 dollars more per cord for dry wood? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

3. Don’t Know / Refused 

Q25)(Ask Q25 if Q24 = 1. Yes, otherwise survey is complete) 

Would you pay 100 dollars more per cord for dry wood? 

4. Yes 

5. No 

6. Don’t Know / Refused 

(END OF SURVEY) 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B

FMATS Regional Travel Demand Modeling Documentation
C-1 

MEMORANDUM 

TO: FMATS 

FROM: MING S. LEE 

SUBJECT:FMATS TRAVEL DEMAD MODEL BASELINE CALIBRATION 

REPORT FOR CENSUS 2010 UPDATE 

DATE: 6/30/2011 

CC: 

Attached with this memo is the calibration report for the FMATS model update with 

2010 Census data. 

Please let me know if you have any questions, comments and suggestions for the model 

work. I appreciate the opportunity of working on the model for FMATS. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-1 

The Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation System (FMATS) 

Travel Demand Forecasting Model Update with Census 2010 Data 

2010 Base Model Calibration Report 

June 30, 2011 

Prepared by 

Ming S. Lee, Ph.D. 

for 

The Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation Systems 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-2 

Introduction 

This report documents the calibration of the 2010 baseline model for the Fairbanks Metropolitan 

Area Transportation System (FMATS) Travel Demand Forecasting (TDF) model. The model is 

updated with 2010 Census data and the most recent employment data for the model area. This 

updated 2010 baseline model is calibrated to traffic volume data from the 2009 (i.e., the most 

recent ) traffic volume report of the Northern Region of Alaska Department of Transportation. In 

addition, the truck traffic component of the model is also calibrated with additional truck traffic 

data that are available with 2009 volume report. 

Materials presented in this calibration report highlight the technical details and calibration results 

of the newly calibrated model. 

Passenger Traffic Model Structure Overview 

The conventional 4-step TDF model predicts and forecasts passenger vehicle traffic (i.e., passenger 

vehicles used for commuting to work, shopping, and other personal and household-related 

matters). Heavy vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are typically modeled separately. 

A passenger TDF model divides the modeling area into Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ), and each 

TAZ has household and employment data identified for the purpose of trip generation. This 

household and employment data are used by the model to predict trip productions and attractions 

for each individual zone. For modeling purposes, the TAZs are connected by a computerized 

planning network that is defined by links and nodes, representing the actual roads and intersections 

in the area. Each roadway link is defined by specific data that generally include roadway length, 

travel speed, number of lanes, roadway capacity. 

The updated FMATS TDF model continues to use the traditional four-step modeling process. 

These steps are technically described in the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) 

Transportation Planning Handbook, 2nd edition (page 188). In more general terms these steps are 

as follows: 

1. Trip Generation – This step predicts the number of person trip ends that are generated by 

and attracted to each defined zone in a study area. This results in a table of Productions & 

Attractions for each zone. 

2. Trip Distribution – This step connects trip ends estimated in the Trip Generation process 

to determine number of trip interchanges between each zonal pair. This results in a Trip 

Table matrix that quantifies the number of trips that will travel between one zone and all 

other zones. 

3. Mode Choice – This step allows the model to consider different travel modes (vehicles, 

transit, bicycle, pedestrian, etc) used for each zonal interchange. For many large urban 

areas, transit is an important factor; however for Fairbanks, transit and other modes make 

up a very small percentage of the total daily trips. The FMATS model only considers 

vehicle trips, and the mode choice step is skipped. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-3 

4. Trip Assignment – This step assigns zone-to-zone trips to specific travel routes, generally 

based on factors such as the fastest total travel time. Typically, before assignment, all the 

24 hour vehicle travel demands will be distributed to different time periods (e.g., AM peak, 

PM peak, and off-peak) during the day. The sum of all trips for each link during a particular 

time period is then calculated as the estimated traffic volume on that link. The model is 

able to adjust travel speeds and add delays on roadway facilities that are more heavily used. 

If necessary, the model reassigns trips to less congested travel routes, in an effort to 

simulate every day travel choices that drivers make in the real world. 

Model Coverage Area 

The current FMATS TDF model covers FMATS' PM2.5 non-attainment area (i.e., the dash line in 

Figure 1). The green boundary lines in Figure 1 are the TAZ boundaries that were designed to 

cover the entire PM2.5 non-attainment boundary. The road network (i.e., the blue lines) also covers 

the entire PM2.5.5 non-attainment area. 

Figure 1. The Expanded FMATS Model Area 

TAZ Data Update 

The updated FMATS model maintains the same 179 TAZs used in the model for FMATS 2035 

LRTP conformity analysis conducted in 2010. Two major pieces of TAZ information critical to 

trip generation modeling are the number of households and the number of employment in each 

TAZ. Both household and employment numbers in the TAZs are updated with the most recent 

data. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-4 

Household data are updated with 2010 Census Redistricting data for the State of Alaska that 

became available in March 2011. The Redistricting data were first downloaded from the US 

Census web site. Census Block level data pertaining to the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) 

were then extracted. Note that the Census Restricting data released in March 2011 only contain 

the numbers of housing units (i.e., both occupied and vacant) in each Census Block. Other 

household data (e.g., number of cars and number of persons in each houshold) in each Census 

Block had not been released by the time this model calibration was completed. 

The FMATS TAZs were then superimposed on top of the Census Blocks (see Figure 2). A total of 

33,873 occupied housing units was identified in the areas covered by the FMATS model TAZs. 

For each TAZ, the total number of occupied housing units within the TAZ is identified by adding 

together all the occupied houses of all Census Blocks within the TAZ. Note that vacant housing 

units were not counted for each TAZ, because without occupants there would be no trips generated. 

Figure 2 FMATS TAZ on top of 2010 Census Blocks 

The employment data for TAZs are derived from the most recent InfoUSA business data purchased 

for FNSB and the cities of Fairbanks and North Pole. The business data include all businesses in 

the area. The InfoUSA data identify the types, the locations, and the numbers of employees of the 

businesses. The data are used to calculate the number of employees by types (i.e., retail, service, 

and other) in each TAZ. By the time the data were purchased in April 2011, the database was 

properly updated and encompasses all the employments that existed by the end of 2010. 

The identified businesses were geo-coded. For each TAZ, the total number of employment within 

the TAZ is identified by adding together all the employment of all businesses within the TAZ. A 

total of 47,191 occupied housing units was identified in the areas covered by the FMATS model 

TAZs. Of all employments, there are 7,662 retail employments, 17,884 service employments, and 

21,645 other employments that are not retail or service. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-5 

Figure 3 Business Locations in the FMATS Area 

Special Generators Employment Data 

UAF, Fort Wainright, Fairbanks Airport, and the Fairbanks Memorial Hospital are the ‘special 

generators’ in the updated model. These four establishments generate significant amount of traffic 

and estimation of the number of trips coming in and out of the establishment requires special 

attention to ensure the reasonableness of the model. For the four special generators, the numbers 

of employment are taken from the Fairbanks North Star Borough Community Research Quarterly, 

Spring 2008. These numbers are used because they are accurately compiled with local knowledge. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-6 

Trip Generation Update 

Trip Production 

After the preparation of the household and employment data for each TAZ, trip production and 

attraction is calculated for all TAZs and external stations. The methodology for trip production 

and attraction calculation is the same as the previous model. 

For trip generation, the updated model follows the NCHRP report 365: Travel Estimation 

Techniques for Urban Planning. The basic trip production and attraction equations and rates from 

the report 365 are used. Trip production rates in Table 1 are used to calculate the number of person 

trip produced by a household with a particular number of persons and vehicle ownership in the 

household. 

It is important to note that only the total number of households (i.e., occupied housing units) are 

available from the first release of the 2010 Census Redistricting data for Alaska. In order estimate 

the number of households with particular number of cars and persons, it was assumed that within 

each TAZ the proportions of households by auto ownership groups and household size groups 

remain the same as the previous model update. The 2010 total number of households for each 

TAZ is then multiplied with the proportions to arrive at the number of households by auto 

ownership and household size groups. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-7 

Table1: Trip Production Rates. 

The 

calculated person trips are then divided into 3 trip purposes with the following proportions: 

 Home-Based Work (HBW): 20% 

 Home-Based Non-work (HBNW): 57% 

 Non Home-Based (NHB): 23% 

The numbers of trips by the three purposes calculated for all the households within a TAZ will 

then be aggregated as the numbers of trip production of the TAZ. 

Trip Attraction 

For trip attraction estimation, the employment data prepared for each TAZ are applied with the 

trip attraction rates in Table 2 to determine the number of person trip attraction by trip purposes. 

Table2: Trip Attraction Rates. 

Attraction Rates 

(Person Trips) HBW HBNW NHB 

Total Employment 1.45 0 0 

Retail Employment 0 9.0 4.1 

Service Employment 0 1.7 1.2 

Other Employment 0 0.5 0.5 

Total Households 0 0.9 0.5 

The numbers of trips attraction by the three purposes calculated for all the businesses within a 

TAZ are then aggregated as the numbers of trip attraction of the TAZ. 

External Station Production and Attraction 

The locations of the external stations of the model are shown in Table 3. 

The method for estimating the production and attraction for the 7 external stations used in the 

previous models are retained. That is, a certain percentage of the traffic counts at a external 

station is subtracted to be the external-external trips (i.e., trips that go through the modeling area 

without stopping). Table 3 shows the traffic counts used for the external stations and the 

percentages of traffic counts used for the external-to-external trips. The traffic counts are 

Production Rates (person trips/household) Number of persons in the household

1 2 3 4 5+ 

Number of vehicles in the household 0 2.6 4.8 7.4 9.2 11.2 

1 4.0 6.7 9.2 11.5 13.7 

2 4.0 8.1 10.6 13.3 16.7 

3+ 4.0 8.4 11.9 15.1 18.0 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-8 

obtained from the Northern Region of the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public 

Facilities. 

Table 3 Year 2007 External Station Traffic Counts 

External 

Station 

Number 

External Station Traffic 

Count 

(vehicles) 

% External – 

External (E-E) 

E-E 

trips 

1 SHEEP CREEK ROAD AT 

GOLDSTREAM CREEK BRIDGE 2602 1.00% 26 

2 BALLAINE ROAD SOUTH OF 

GOLDSTREAM ROAD 4411 1.00% 44 

3 CHENA HOT SPRINGS ROAD WEST OF 

NORDALE ROAD 

2209 

1.00% 22 

4 OLD STEESE HIGHWAY SOUTH OF 

STEESE EXPRESSWAY 2922 1.00% 146 

5 STEESE EXPRESSWAY NORTH OF 

GOLDSTREAM RD (SHRP SITE) 10819 1.00% 541 

6 RICHARDSON HIGHWAY AT MOOSE 

CREEK 2600 5.00% 26 

7 PARKS HIGHWAY AT ESTER 2365 5.00% 24 

The remaining traffic counts are then covered to external-to-internal trip production and 

attraction of the three purposes using the following conversions factors taken from NCHRP 

report 365: 

 HBW: 20% 

 HBNW: 57% 

 NHB: 23%. 

 1.11 persons per vehicle for HBW 

 1.67 persons per vehicle for HBNW 

 1.66 persons per vehicle for NHB. 

External to External Vehicle Trips 

The external station traffic counts subtracted for external-to-external trips are transformed to a 

external-to-external vehicle trip table using the Fratar method, which is a technique to fill the 

cells of a trip table for which we have targets for the row sums and column sums (i.e., the 

number of external-to-external trips at each external station). 

Table 4 shows the completed external-to-external vehicle trip table. This table is further divided 

into three time periods, AM peak for 7 to 9 am, PM peak for 3 to 6 pm, and off-peak for all 

remaining hours, using factors for percent of HBW vehicle trips (i.e., external to external trips 

are mostly work related) by hour by trip purpose found in NCHRP report 365. 

Table 4 External to External Vehicle Trip Table Produced with the Fratar Method 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-9 

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

Estimated Row 

sums Target 

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

2 0 0 1 4 7 4 6 22 22 

3 0 1 0 1 9 1 1 13 13 

4 0 4 1 0 6 5 0 16 16 

5 0 7 9 7 0 2 3 28 28 

6 0 4 0 5 2 0 0 11 11 

7 0 6 1 0 3 0 0 10 10 

Estimated Column Sums 0 22 12 17 27 12 10 

Target (E-E trips at a station_) 0 22 12 17 27 12 10 

Each of the three period external-to-external vehicle trip tables will be added to the 

corresponding time-of-day vehicle trip table after the time-of-day modeling. 

Production and Attraction Adjustment 

The estimated production and attraction of all the TAZs are then used to carry out rest of the 

modeling steps. Results after trip distribution and traffic assignment suggested that adjustments 

need to be made to the original NCHRP production and attraction rates in order for the model 

outputs to match observed data. Details of the production and attraction adjustment are described 

in Trip Distribution Update and Traffic Assignment Update. 

Trip Distribution Update 

The expanded FMATS TDF model adopts the Gravity Model with Friction Factors for trip 

distribution. The model structure and un-calibrated friction factor values are again taken from 

NCHRP report 365. The advantage of the method is that it allows for the number of trips between 

TAZs to be calibrated by different travel time length, thus allowing for better matching with the 

observed commuting time data from American Community Survey (ACS) data. 

The ACS is also conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. This survey uses a series of monthly 

samples to produce annually updated data for the same small areas (census tracts and block groups) 

as the decennial census long-form sample formerly surveyed. Initially, five years of samples are 

required to produce these small-area data. Once the Census Bureau has collected five years of data, 

new small-area data are produced annually. 

For travel demand forecasting purposes, ACS offers data on commuters by travel time to work. 

Based on the recent ACS data, 39,164 workers commuted to jobs in FNSB, taking on average 17.3 

minutes each way. 

Detailed breakdown of the travel time to work data by 5 minute increments is shown in Table 5. 

Table 5 ACS Percent of Commuters by Travel Time to Work
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-10 

Commuting Time Number of commuters 

Percent 

of 

Total 

Less than 5 mins. 1,817 4.6%

5 to 9 mins. 5,586 14.3%

10 to 14 mins. 8,242 21.0%

15 to 19 mins. 9,417 24.0%

20 to 24 mins. 6,947 17.7%

25 to 29 mins. 1,146 2.9%

30 to 34 mins. 2,659 6.8%

35 to 39 mins. 386 1.0%

40 to 44 mins. 1,078 2.8%

More than 45 mins. 1886 4.8%

Total number of 

commuters (to work) 39,164 100.0%

The calibration of the gravity model began with a set of initial friction factors found in NCHRP 

Report 365. The calibrated gravity model produces a set of friction factors and trip distribution 

results that are comparable to the ACS data. For HBW trips (i.e., commuting to work), the average 

model trip length is approximately 16 minutes, which is 1 minute shorter than the ACS value. The 

reason for the difference is due to the fact that the model uses external stations to represent travel 

origins and destinations for trips in and out of the FMATS area. In reality, some commuters 

reported to the ACS travel time for up to 90 minutes, which is beyond the longest travel time within 

the model boundary. Despite the small difference in average commuting time, the model produces 

a breakdown of percent of trips by travel time (Table 6) that closely resemble the ACS data. Figure 

4 and 5 show the histograms of the ACS and FMATS model percentages of trips by travel time. 

The figures show that, other than trips in large travel time increments (45 minutes and beyond), 

the updated gravity model matches the frequency patterns of the ACS. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-11 

Table 6 Updated FMATS Percent of HBW Trips by Travel Time Increments

Travel Time for 

HBW Trips 

ACS 

Percentages 

Model Number of 

Person Trips 

Model 

Percentages 

Difference between 

Model and ACS 

Less than 5 mins. 4.6% 2767 6% 1.1%

5 to 9 mins. 14.3% 5984 13% -1.8%

10 to 14 mins. 21.0% 10665 22% 1.2%

15 to 19 mins. 24.0% 15782 33% 8.9%

20 to 24 mins. 17.7% 8133 17% -0.7%

25 to 29 mins. 2.9% 1684 4% 0.6%

30 to 34 mins. 6.8% 2264 5% -2.1%

35 to 39 mins. 1.0% 263 1% -0.4%

40 to 44 mins. 2.8% 229 0% -2.3%

More than 45 mins. 4.8% 77 0% -4.7%

Total 100.0% 47848 100% RMSE = 3.4%

Figure 4 ACS Percent Commuter by Travel Time to Work 

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-12 

Figure 5 Model HBW Trip Length Frequency Distribution 

During the trip distribution calibration, the original HBW production number derived with the 

NCHRP trip rates is found to be larger than 39,164, the total number of commuter trips. The first 

adjustment made to the TAZ production and attraction is to factor down the HBW production and 

attraction such that the total number of HBW production and attraction each equals 39,164. 

Time-of-Day Modeling 

The time-of-day model adopted for the FMATS TDF model ‘spreads’ the 24 hour person trips 

(i.e., product of trip distribution) to person trip in different time periods (i.e., AM peak for 7 to 9 

am, PM peak for 3 to 6 pm, and off-peak for all remaining hours). The person trips of different 

time periods are then applied with vehicle occupancy factors to arrive at AM, PM, and off-peak 

vehicle trip tables, each a required input to the traffic assignment process. 

The factors used to spread the trips to different time of the day are initially derived from the 

NCHRP report. The factors are then calibrated to local conditions based on observed traffic 

patterns (i.e., many HBW trips in the FNSB area starts as early as 6 am) and a trial and error 

process that involving numerous calibration runs to match the model link volumes to traffic counts 

of different time periods. The calibrated time-of-day factors are shown in Table 7. 

 

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-13 

Table 7 Calibrated Time of Day Factors 

HOUR 

HBW Departure 

Percentage 

HBW Return 

Percentage 

HBNW 

Departure 

Percentage 

HBNW Return 

Percentage 

NHB Departure 

Percentage 

NHB Return 

Percentage 

0 0 0.4 0 0.5 0.15 0.15 

1 0 0.2 0 0.4 0.1 0.1 

2 0 0.3 0 0.5 0.1 0.1 

3 0.3 0.3 0 0.3 0.05 0.05 

4 1 0.1 0.1 0 0.05 0.05 

5 3 0.1 0.2 0 0.05 0.05 

6 5 0.2 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 

7 7 0.6 1.5 0.4 0.55 0.55

8 8 0.4 2.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 

9 5 0.3 5 0.9 3 2

10 4 0.5 6 1.5 4 3 

11 3 1 5 3.4 4.9 4 

12 3 2 5 3.8 5.5 5.8 

13 2 2 4 4 5 7.5 

14 1 3 3.8 4.5 4.5 7 

15 1 6 4 4.8 4 4 

16 1 8 3 3.5 3.5 3 

17 2 9 2 3 3 2 

18 1 5.8 2 3.7 3.25 3 

19 1 3 2.1 3.6 2.65 2 

20 0.6 2 1.5 3.5 1.85 1.85

21 0.5 1.8 0.9 3.3 1.45 1.45 

22 0.3 1.5 0.3 1.9 0.75 0.75 

23 0.3 1.5 0.1 1.5 0.6 0.6 

Total 50 50 50 50 50 50 

Person Trips to Vehicle Trips 

The same vehicle occupancy factors taken from the NCHRP report to convert external station 

production and attraction are again used here: 

 1.11 persons per vehicle for HBW 

 1.67 persons per vehicle for HBNW 

 1.66 persons per vehicle for NHB. 

These factors are applied to the person trips of different time periods. Three vehicle trip tables are 

derived after the person trip to vehicle trip conversion: AM peak for 7 to 9 am, PM peak for 3 to 

5 pm, and off-peak for the remaining hours. 

Finally, each of these vehicle trip tables will be added with the external-to-external vehicle trip 

table of the same period to form complete period vehicle trip table for traffic assignment. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-14 

Traffic Assignment Update 

For AM and PM peak hours, the updated FMATS model uses User Equilibrium (UE) assignment 

method that takes into consideration of roadway capacity and the effects of congestion on drivers’ 

route choices. For off-peak hours, incremental assignment method that is less sensitive to 

congestion is used, since congestion during the off-peak hours is less likely to occur. 

Truck Traffic Modeling 

To model truck traffic on the roads in the modeling area, truck percentage data (i.e., the percentage 

of truck traffic of total vehicle traffic) are taken from the 2009 traffic volume report published by 

the Northern Region of AK DOT & PF, which classifies motor vehicles into 13 classes (see Table 

8). Classes 1 to 3 are considered passenger vehicles. The truck percentage data include classes 4 

to 13. 

Table 8 Northern Region AK DOT & PF Vehicle Classification 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-15 

It is noted that the 2009 volume report from AK DOT includes more roads with truck fractions 

than previous annual volume report. Figure 6 shows the locations of the roads with truck traffic 

percentage data. 

Figure 6 Truck Percentage Data 

Because the number of roads with truck traffic counts in the FMATS area is small compared to 

the total number of links (i.e., 37 counting stations within the FMATS PM2.5 non-attainment area), 

the data are extrapolated with the assumption that the same truck percentage carries over a corridor. 

Truck traffic fraction assumptions were made for particular links generally based on the closest 

links with counted fractions. 

With the extrapolated truck traffic counts, the Origin-Destination (O-D) matrix estimation method 

in TransCAD was used to estimate the modeling area’s truck O-D matrix, which contains truck 

traffic flows (most frequently, vehicle flows) from every origin TAZ to every destination TAZ. 

The O-D matrix estimation method is essentially an optimization problem, which attempts to find 

the most likely O-D matrix that will produce the link traffic estimates matching observed traffic 

counts on the given links. The resultant truck O-D matrix is assigned in the traffic assignment 

stage to produce link truck traffic estimates. 

Table 9 shows the results of truck traffic estimation. The roads included in the table are those that 

have truck percentage data in the 2008 DOT volume report. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-16 

Table 9 Results of Truck Traffic Modeling 

Roads ADT 2009 2009 Truck 

Percent 2009 Truck Modeled 

Truck Error 

AIRPORT WAY 18510 0.03 555 584 29 

AIRPORT WAY 20010 0.03 600 492 -108 

AIRPORT WAY 17910 0.04 716 649 -67 

JOHANSEN EXPY 20945 0.05 1047 1287 240 

STEESE HWY 23990 0.06 1439 785 -654 

RICHARDSON HWY 19240 0.07 1347 1319 -28 

STEESE HWY 15150 0.06 909 808 -101 

STEESE HWY 4700 0.08 376 462 86 

COLLEGE RD 19404 0.04 776 581 -195 

PEGER RD 14875 0.07 1041 911 -130 

CHENA PUMP RD 7842 0.07 549 501 -48 

PHILLIPS FIELD RD 4495 0.06 270 252 -17 

PLACK RD 2915 0.05 146 117 -29 

NORDALE RD 1845 0.07 129 95 -34 

CHENA HOT SPRINGS RD 3285 0.06 197 212 15 

CHENA HOT SPRINGS RD 4015 0.05 201 280 79 

SKYLINE DR 930 0.07 65 54 -11 

BALLAINE RD 4625 0.03 139 169 30 

ROBERT MITCHELL EXPY 13285 0.07 930 677 -253 

PEEDE RD 995 0.05 50 68 19 

GEORGE PARKS HWY 5765 0.13 749 676 -73 

SUMMIT DR 1710 0.06 103 96 -7 

RICHARDSON HWY 6305 0.15 946 921 -25 

JOHANSEN EXPY 18705 0.1 1871 1448 -423 

Goldstream Rd 1045 0.12 125 78 -48 

ELLIOT HWY 1080 0.18 194 181 -13 

STEESE HWY 850 0.13 111 109 -2 

CHENA HOT SPRINGS RD 5230 0.05 261 230 -31 

CHENA RIDGE RD 4145 0.07 290 193 -98 

CHENA RIDGE RD 2450 0.07 172 196 25 

BALLAINE RD 2790 0.04 112 140 28 

 RMSE 166 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-17 

Calibration Results of the Passenger Traffic Model 

For link volume calibration, the new model uses more screen lines than those used in the previous 

model calibration. The additional screen lines essentially cover the PM2.5 non-attainment area that 

is outside of the MPO boundary. Screen lines are imaginary boundaries between areas in a model 

network at which summary comparisons of simulated and observed traffic volumes are compared. 

They are useful for evaluating distribution patterns. It is important note that traffic volumes used 

for the screen line links are derived from the 2009 traffic volume report published by AK DOT & 

PF. Compared with traffic volumes from a previous year (i..e, 2006, 2007, or 2008), the total 

screenline traffic volume decreased in 2009. Table 10 shows the results of the calibration of the 

passenger counts. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-18 

Table 10 Screenline Calibration Results 

 

North – South Screenline (West Side Fairbanks) 

Link 

ID Link Description from Model 

2009 

Groun

d 

Count 

Passenger 

Count* 

Truck 

Count 

Passenger 

Model 

Error*

* %Error 

FHWA 

Target**

* 

1370 College (Westwood) 8395 8143 252 7484 -659 -8% 25% 

414 Johansen (E of University) 20945 19898 1047 20717 820 4% 15% 

1097 Airport Way (E of University) 14885 14290 595 14635 345 2% 25% 

587 Davis (E of University) 4515 4154 361 3470 -684 -15% 50% 

415 Mitchell (E of University) 12485 11611 874 10535 -1077 -9% 20% 

668 Van Horn (E of University) 570 513 57 426 -87 -15% 200% 

2005 Goldstream Rd 1800 1584 216 1447 -137 -8% 100% 

1136 FARMERS LOOP RD 6055 5692 363 5833 142 2% 25% 

 Total 69650 65884 6150 64547 -1337 -2% 

1758 

North - South Screenline (Central Fairbanks) 

Link 

ID Link Description from Model 

2009 

Groun

d 

Count 

Passenger 

Count 

Truck 

Count 

Passenger 

Model Error* %Error 

FHWA 

Target 

565 College (W of Aurora) 8330 8080 250 7582 -498 -6% 25% 

1874 Johansen Aurora Jct 20855 19395 1460 19529 134 1% 15% 

723 Phillips Field (E of Peger) 4495 4225 270 4446 221 5% 50% 

363 Airport Way (Lathrob) 17910 17194 716 15741 -1452 -8% 20% 

588 Davis (E of Peger) 5315 4890 425 4068 -821 -15% 25% 

1165 Mitchell (E of Peger) 13285 12355 930 11085 -1270 -10% 20% 

669 Van Horn (E of Peger) 5240 4716 524 3799 -917 -17% 25% 

1605 FARMERS LOOP RD 4495 4225 270 3266 -959 -21% 50% 

1900 Goldstream Rd 1045 920 125 843 -76 -7% 100% 

Total 80970 76000 6402 70361 -5639 -7% 

 

North – South Screenline (East Side Fairbanks) 

Link 

ID Link Description from Model 

2009 

Groun

d 

Count 

Passenger 

Count 

Truck 

Count 

Passenger 

Model Error* %Error 

FHWA 

Target 

563 College (Margaret) 9690 9399 291 9706 306 3% 25% 

419 Johansen W. of College (2) 21940 20404 1536 18703 -1701 -8% 15% 

1871 Phillips (W. of Driveway St.) 4495 4225 270 4145 -80 -2% 50% 

103 First Ave (Barnette – Cushman) 9230 8676 554 10400 1724 19% 25% 

358 Airport Way (Cushman) 18510 17955 555 17563 -392 -2% 15% 

1135 FARMERS LOOP RD 5370 5048 322 4890 -158 -3% 25% 

450 STEESE HWY 4700 4324 376 4236 -88 -2% 50% 

Total 73935 70032 4659 69644 -387 -1% 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-19 

 

North – South Screenline (Far East Side Fairbanks) 

Link 

ID Link Description from Model 

2009 

Ground 

Count 

Passenge

r Count 

Truck 

Count 

Passenge

r Model Error* 

%Erro

r 

FHWA 

Target 

477 RICHARDSON HWY 21115 19004 2112 18247 -757 -4% 20% 

524 BADGER RD 6727 6391 336 7530 1140 17% 50% 

1995 CHENA HOT SPRINGS RD 5230 4969 262 5308 339 6% 50% 

Total 33072 30363 1170 31085 722 2% 

 

 

East - West Screenline (Chena River) 

Link Description from Model 

2009 

Ground 

Count 

Passenge

r Count 

Truck 

Count 

Passenge

r Model Error* 

%Erro

r 

FHWA 

Target 

396 Parks HW South of interchange 14750 13718 1033 15950 2232 15% 20% 

1403 University (S. of Johansen (2)) 17840 16770 1070 15113 -1656 -9% 20% 

616 Peger (Phillips – Alaskaland) 14875 13834 1041 13912 78 1% 20% 

349 Cushman (River – Terminal) 13590 12911 680 13241 330 2% 20% 

692 Wendell St. Bridge 8985 8356 629 8857 501 6% 25% 

427 Steese Expy (3rd St.)* 23990 22551 1439 25403 2852 12% 15% 

677 CHENA PUMP RD 7842 7293 549 7219 -74 -1% 20% 

2203 CHENA RIDGE RD 4145 3855 290 3136 -719 -17% 100% 

1304 GEORGE PARKS HWY 5765 5016 749 3990 -1026 -18% 50% 

 Total 111782 104301 7377 106821 2519 2% 

 

East – West Screenline (South of Airport Way) 

Link Description from Model 

2009 

Ground 

Count 

Passenge

r Count 

Truck 

Count 

Passenge

r Model Error* 

%Erro

r 

FHWA 

Target 

1407 University (Davis Rd) 8975 7808 1167 6618 -1191 -13% 25% 

617 Peger (S of Airport) 9285 8635 650 9094 459 5% 25% 

644 W Cowles (19th Ave.-E. Cowles) 6730 6528 202 4941 -1587 -24% 25% 

642 Cushman (17 Ave. - 15th Ave) 9595 9307 288 8865 -442 -5% 20% 

435 Rich Hwy (Parks EB) 19240 17893 1347 20217 2324 12% 20% 

605 AIRPORT WAY 7500 7050 450 5276 -1774 -24% 50% 

677 CHENA PUMP RD 7842 7293 549 7219 -74 -1% 50% 

524 BADGER RD 6727 6391 336 7530 1140 17% 50% 

Total 75894 70905 4848 69761 -1145 -2% 

 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-20 

 

East – West Screenline (North of Johansen) 

Link Description from Model 

2009 Ground 

Count 

Passenger 

Count 

Truck 

Count 

Passenger 

Model Error* %Error 

FHWA 

Target 

2269 SHEEP CREEK RD 2410 2217 193 2159 -58 -2% 100% 

2300 BALLAINE RD 2790 2678 112 3284 605 22% 100% 

1326 SUMMIT DR 1710 1607 103 1726 119 7% 100% 

905 SKYLINE DR 1457 1355 102 1647 292 20% 100% 

903 MCGRATH RD 1340 1260 80 1102 -158 -12% 100% 

883 OLD STEESE HWY 3755 3530 225 2862 -668 -18% 50% 

1996 STEELE CREEK RD 955 898 57 1142 244 26% 200% 

864 NORDALE RD 1845 1716 129 1183 -533 -29% 100% 

1992 GILMORE TRL 1315 1236 79 769 -467 -35% 100% 

893 OLD STEESE HWY 985 926 59 532 -394 -40% 200% 

 Total 18562 17423 1287 16406 -1017 -5% 

 

*Passenger counts are the AADT of the road minus the truck counts. If the truck traffic percentage is not available for a particular road, 

estimation of the percentage is based on the closest road that has the truck data. Roads that mainly serve residential areas are assumed to have no 

truck traffic. 

** Difference = model number - count 

***Model Validation and Reasonableness Checking Manual, Travel Model Improvement Program, FHWA, February 1997 

Driving Speed Calibration 

For the purpose of mobile source PM2.5 emission modeling, the accuracy of driving speed 

estimation on the roads in the non-attainment area is important. To achieve a better accuracy than 

what the typical TDF model can offer, GPS-based floating car runs were used to collect average 

driving speed data on corridors that have high traffic volumes for calibration of a link driving speed 

model. Note that the driving speed calibration was done in 2010 for FMATS' LRTP 2035 

conformity analysis. The same calibrated driving speed model is used for this model update. 

Volume-induced delay in the FMATS area occurs almost exclusively at the intersections. Within 

a certain distance adjacent to the intersections, vehicles have to slow down to and speed up from 

the intersections. To properly model driving speed on the roads, it is necessary to separate the 

sections of the roads where delay due to traffic signals at the intersections. 

The driving speed model contains two steps. The first step models the driving speed at the mid 

section of a roadway link. The mid-sections are at a certain distance from an intersection where 

the vehicles have accelerated to the average speed of the traffic flow. The second step models the 

distance and average speed from the intersections where acceleration and deceleration of the 

vehicles take place. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-21 

Mid-Section Driving Speed 

The link performance function of the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) is used as the model for 

driving speed on a road. The formulation of the BPR function is: 

ݐ௩ ൌ	ݐ	଴ሺ1 ൅ ߙሺ௏

஼

ሻఉ) 

tv = time required to drive through a road when there is traffic on the road 

t0 = time required to drive through a road when there is little to no traffic on the road (i.e., 

free flow time) 

V = Peak hour traffic volume on the road 

C = hourly capacity of the road 

α = parameter to be calibrated from data 

ß = parameter to be calibrated from data 

The GPS speed data are used to calculate the driving time tv on the roads. The free flow time t0 of 

a road is calculated with the driving speed at the speed limit of the road. The PM peak hour 

volumes V on major roadways are obtained from AK DOT & PF. The capacity C of a road is 

based on the functional classification of the road. 

A total number of 22 two-way road segments (i.e., 44 uni-directional links) with peak hour volume 

and speed data is used for the speed model calibration. The model is calibrated using the PM peak 

hour data (i.e., more volume and speed data are available for the PM peak hour). The calibration 

process is essentially to find a set of α and ß values such that the BPR function with observed 

volume and speed data produces the smallest average error (i.e., root mean square error) of all the 

calibration links. 

The result of the driving speed model calibration is shown in Figure 7. The number on the 

highlighted calibration links is the model error in miles per hour mph). The result appears to be 

satisfactory, since the largest error is less than 4 mph and most of the links are within an error of 

2 mph. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-22 

Figure 7 Results of the Speed Model Calibration 

The off-peak hour driving speed for a road cannot be reasonably modeled with the BPR function 

because during many of the late night hours there is essentially no traffic on the roads (i.e., the v/c 

ration is 0). The driving speed on a road during the off-peak hour is assumed to be at the speed 

limit of the road. The assumption is based on the observation that some drivers tend to drive over 

the speed limits during the off-peak hours. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-23 

Acceleration and Deceleration Segments 

On the segment of a road where acceleration from the signal takes place, the average driving speed 

of a vehicle is taken as the average of the initial speed at the beginning of the segment and the final 

speed at the end of the segment when a vehicle reach the mid-section speed. With the collected 

GPS speed data, the average driving speed on the segments that are connected to a signal is 

estimated to be approximately 3/4 of the average mid-section driving speed. Figure 8 shows an 

example of the results of the driving speed modeling on the acceleration and deceleration 

segments. The highlighted links are the acceleration and deceleration segments. The length of the 

segment reflects the acceleration rate and the mid-section speeds of the links. 

Figure 8 The Lengths and Average Speed on Segments Adjacent to Traffic Signals 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-24 

MEMORANDUM 

TO: FAIRBANKS METROPOLITAN AREA TREANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 

FROM: MING S. LEE 

SUBJECT:FMATS 2035 TRAFFIC PROJECTION REPORT 

DATE: 06/30/2011 

CC: 

Attached with this memo is the report for the 2035 traffic projected with the basis of the new 

2010 Census data. 

Please let me know if you have any questions, comments and suggestions for the model work. I 

appreciate the opportunity of working on the model for FMATS. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-25 

FMATS 2035 Traffic Forecast with Projection Basis of 2010 Census 

June 30, 2011 

Prepared by 

Ming S. Lee, Ph.D. 

for 

The Fairbanks Metropolitan Area Transportation Systems 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-26 

INTRODUCTION 

This report highlights the three major components involved in projecting 2035 traffic condition 

in the FMATS model area: Household projection, employment projection, and the 2035 model 

network modification for the PM2.5 non-attainment area. The projection is made on the basis of 

2010 Census data. 

2035 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD PROJECTION 

The model requires 2035 projection of households by vehicle ownership and number of persons. 

Based on the most recent 2010 Census data, the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) performed 

the 2035 household projection for all the Census Block Groups (BG) in the FMATS model area. 

A growth rate is projected for each BG and the percentages of the growth within each BG 

attributing to different vehicle ownership and household size categories are also projected. Table 

1 presented the growth rates projected by FNSB. 

To apply the BG growth rates to TAZs, the BG that a TAZ belongs to is first identified. The 

growth rate of that BG is then applied to the baseline number of households (i.e., occupied units) 

of the TAZ to project the numbers of number of households in 2035. 

Because the 2010 Census Redistricting data released in March 2011 do not contain auto ownership 

and household size data, there is no information to update the 2035 projection by these two 

subgroups. The proportions of households by ownership and household size groups from the 

previous projection for FMATS' 2035 LRTP are thus retained. The projected total household 

number for each TAZ is multiplied with the proportions to arrive at the numbers of households by 

auto ownership and household size groups in 2035. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-27 

Table 1 Household Growth Rates Projected by FNSB 

CENSUS BLOCK 

GROUP/TRACT 

Unique 

Census BG 

ID# Geographic Description 

Total HH 

(Census 

2010)* 

% HH 

Projected 

Growth 

(2010-2035) 

BG 1, Tract 1 1 Townsite / Cushman / Steese 767 1.027% 

BG 2, Tract 1 41 Townsite 443 1.208% 

BG 1, Tract 2 88 Townsite / Cowles / Lathrop 921 0.483% 

BG 2, Tract 2 142 

Van Horn Industrial (City) / Townsite 

Weeks Field 558 0.665% 

BG 1, Tract 3 178 Bjerremark / Rickert 354 1.390% 

BG 2, Tract 3 198 Bjerremark 649 1.329% 

BG 3, Tract 3 240 South Cushman 663 0.967% 

BG 4, Tract 3 266 Bjerremark / South Cushman 453 1.208% 

BG 1, Tract 4 312 Shannon Park 546 2.236% 

BG 2, Tract 4 331 Hamilton Acres / North West 273 0.665% 

BG 3, Tract 4 348 Hamilton Acres East 394 0.483% 

BG 4, Tract 4 377 Hamilton Acres / Chena North 712 0.604% 

BG 1, Tract 5 403 Aurora - Lemeta 765 0.604% 

BG 2, Tract 5 428 

Doyon Estates / Alaska Railroad / 

Townsite Weeks Field 721 1.450% 

BG 1, Tract 6 501 Aurora - Lemeta 496 0.483% 

BG 2, Tract 6 519 College Road / Aurora - Lemeta 575 2.054% 

BG 3, Tract 6 561 College Road / Totem Park 285 1.631% 

BG 4, Tract 6 581 College Road West 429 1.873% 

BG 1, Tract 7 595 Taku-Westgate / Airport Road 757 0.665% 

BG 2, Tract 7 641 Sophie Plaza / Market Street 597 0.242% 

BG 3, Tract 7 647 Davis / Van Horn 550 2.356% 

BG 1, Tract 8 672 Geist Road 548 1.148% 

BG 2, Tract 8 706 University West / Geist Road 934 1.450% 

BG 3, Tract 8 728 Dartmouth Drive 343 0.725% 

BG 4, Tract 8 744 University West 381 1.148% 

BG 1, Tract 9 760 Chena Ridge 1,317 2.054% 

BG 2, Tract 9 809 Rosie Creek 1,291 2.356% 

BG 1, Tract 10 845 

Smith Broadmoor / International 

Airport 344 1.813% 

BG 2, Tract 10 910 

Davis Van Horn / Van Horn Industrial 

(City) 342 1.329% 

BG 1, Tract 11 1028 Ft. Wainwright AFB 2,113 1.631% 

BG 1, Tract 12 1069 Chena Hot Springs Hills 1,468 2.719% 

BG 2, Tract 12 1202 

Farmers Loop / McGrath Road / 

Steese Highway 446 1.934% 

BG 3, Tract 12 1247 

Farmers Loop / Skyline Drive / 

McGrath Road 846 2.356% 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-28 

BG 1, Tract 13 1271 

College Road / Farmers Loop / 

Creamers Field 619 1.148% 

BG 2, Tract 13 1321 Farmers Loop North 456 2.538% 

BG 3, Tract 13 1338 Farmers Loop West 810 1.692% 

BG 4, Tract 13 1367 Ballaine Road / Sheep Creek Road 403 1.934% 

BG 5, Tract 13 1386 UAF 213 0.544% 

BG 1, Tract 14 1405 Persinger Drive / Nordale 564 2.779% 

BG 2, Tract 14 1446 Lakloey - Persinger 516 2.840% 

BG 3, Tract 14 1476 Bradway /Aztec Road / Lakloey 503 2.719% 

BG 4, Tract 14 1498 Bradway - Clear Creek 322 1.752% 

BG 5, Tract 14 1522 Bradway 1,074 2.175% 

BG 1, Tract 15 1606 Peede Road / Chena River 603 2.054% 

BG 2, Tract 15 1649 Badger East / Repp Road / Plack Road 580 2.538% 

BG 3, Tract 15 1685 

Badger East / Plack Road / Hurst 

Road 565 2.779% 

BG 4, Tract 15 1716 Dawson Road / Nelson Road 800 1.450% 

BG 5, Tract 15 1781 Chena Lakes Flood Control 854 1.329% 

BG 6, Tract 15^ 1828 Moose Creek 332 1.571% 

BG 1, Tract 16 1868 Badger East 364 2.417% 

BG 2, Tract 16 1906 North Pole City 559 2.840% 

BG 3, Tract 16 1955 North Pole City East 681 2.840% 

BG 4, Tract 16 2037 Laurance Road / Dyke Road 421 1.934% 

BG 1, Tract 17 2084 Eielson Farm Road 614 1.390% 

BG 2, Tract 17^ 2169 Harding Lake 723 1.148% 

BG 1, Tract 18^ 2214 Eielson Training Area 0 0.302% 

BG 2, Tract 18^ 2216 Eielson AFB 892 0.665% 

BG 1, Tract 19^ 2233 Chena Hot Springs Rd 828 2.115% 

BG 2, Tract 19 2291 Two Rivers 1,471 2.659% 

BG 3, Tract 19^ 2352 Elliott Hwy/Steese Hwy 643 1.752% 

BG 4, Tract 19^ 2435 Parks Hwy/NW Borough 2,327 2.236% 

BG 5, Tract 19 2563 Gold Hill 765 1.571% 

FNSB ALL 

TOTAL - - 41,783 100% 

* These numbers include both occupied and vacant housing units 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-29 

2035 NUMBER OF EMPLOYMENT PROJECTION 

Projection Models 

2001 to 2010 industry employment estimation for the FNSB produced by the Research and 

Analysis Section of Alaska Department of Labor (DOL) and Workforce Development is used to 

develop the 2035 employment projection for FNSB. 

The annual employment growth rate of 1% is used to project the number of employment in 2035. 

The 1% annual growth rate projection is made by the Institute of Social Economic Research of the 

University of Alaska Anchorage107. Table 2 shows the 2001-2010 data from DOL data and the 

annual projections made with a 1% annual growth rate. It shows that over the last 10 years 

employment in FNSB grew in an approximate 1% annual growth rate. Thus, the 1% annual growth 

rate is applied to the 2010 number of employment in each TAZ to make employment projection 

for 2035. 

Table 2 FNSB Industry Employment Estimates 2001-2010 

Industry 

 

2,001 2,002 2,003 2,004 2,005 2,006 2,007 2,008 2,009 2,010 

 Natural Resources & 

Mining 950 900 900 900 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,100 1,100 1,100 

 Construction 2,000 2,250 2,500 2,800 2,900 2,800 2,800 2,700 2,500 2,700 

 Manufacturing 550 500 500 600 600 600 700 600 700 600 

 Wholesale Trade 500 550 600 600 600 700 700 700 700 700 

 Retail Trade 3,900 4,100 4,000 4,400 4,700 4,700 4,700 4,700 4,600 4,500 

 

Trans/Warehouse/Utilities 2,600 2,650 2,500 2,400 2,300 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,500 2,500 

 Information 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 500 500 

 Financial Activities 1,300 1,300 1,400 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,600 1,500 1,600 1,500 

 Professional & Business 

Svcs 2,100 1,850 2,100 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,300 2,300 2,200 2,300 

 Educational & Health 

Services 3,400 3,800 4,000 4,100 4,200 4,300 4,200 4,400 4,600 4,900 

 Leisure & Hospitality 3,700 3,850 4,000 4,200 4,100 4,100 4,300 4,200 4,000 4,100 

 Other Services 1,950 1,800 1,400 1,400 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,200 1,200 1,200 

 Government 11,150 11,350 11,500 11,600 11,700 11,700 11,900 12,000 12,000 12,300 

Grand Total 34,700 35,500 36,000 37,200 37,700 38,000 38,500 38,400 38,200 38,900 

Projected with 1% annual 

growth 35,047 35,855 36,360 37,572 38,077 38,380 38,885 38,784 38,582 

 

107 Economic and Demographic Projections for Alaska and Greater Anchorage 2010–2035, Scott Goldsmith. Prepared for HDR 

Alaska, Inc. in association with Northern Economics December 2009. 

http://www.iser.uaa.alaska.edu/Publications/EconDemProjectionsAnchorage_v4.pdf 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-30 

2035 Trip Production and Attraction Projection 

Once the household and employment projection are performed for all the TAZs, the same trip 

production and attraction models used in the baseline model are applied with the 2035 household 

and employment data to produce the projection of 2035 TAZ trip production and attraction. 

2035 Trip Tables forecasts 

The calibrated baseline friction factor table and the hourly departure and return rate table are 

applied to the 2035 trip production and attraction to produce the 2035 time period vehicle trip 

table: AM peak for 7 to 9 am, PM peak for 3 to 5 pm, and off-peak for the remaining hours. 

The vehicle occupancy factors used for different trip purposes are the same as those for the 

baseline model: 

 1.11 persons per vehicle for HBW 

 1.67 persons per vehicle for HBNW 

 1.66 persons per vehicle for NHB. 

Finally, each of these vehicle trip tables are added with the 2035 external-to-external vehicle trip 

table (i.e., projected with the same annual growth rate as employment) of the same period to form 

complete period vehicle trip table for 2035 traffic assignment. 

2035 Truck Traffic Projection 

The 2010 base line truck O-D matrix is multiplied with the total of 1.28 growth rate (i.e., 1% 

annual growth over 25 years) for the projection of 2035 truck O-D matrix. The forecasted truck 

traffic is the result of assignment of the 2035 truck O-D matrix to the 2035 roadway network 

2035 LRTP TRANSPORTATION NETWORK 

The planning network representing the 2035 modeling scenario is prepared by incorporating the 

recommended roadway projects listed in the 2035 FMATS LRTP, the 2012-2015 Transportation 

Improvement Program (TIP), and the future project list in the donut area identified by FMATS. 

Generally, projects involving bike and pedestrian facilities are not represented in the model 

network, which is mainly used for projection of vehicular traffic. The model network also does 

not recognize projects intended for safety and intersection improvements, because such 

improvements typically do not induce major travel behavior change like roadway upgrading that 

will increase the travel speed and capacity. Pavement rehabilitation is also not modeled. There 

are also projects that involved particular streets that are not presented in the model. The reasons 

that the streets are not in the model network are due to low functional classification of due to the 

fact that they are not a link that connect major traffic generators. 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-31 

Table 3 shows the list of projects planned for the 2012-2015 TIP. A description of the planned 

projects in the donut area is included in the Appendix. 

 

Table 3 FMATS 2012-2015 TIP Projects 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-32 

RESULTS OF 2035 FORECASTING 

The forecasted 2035 trip tables of the three time periods are assigned to the 2035 model network. 

The assignment produces 2035 traffic forecasts representing 2035 traffic conditions. Table 4 

shows the comparison of model total VMTs of the 2035 and 2010 baseline. 

Table 4 Comparison of Total Model VMT 

Scenario 

Total PM2.5 Nonattainment area 

VMT 

Total CO Non-attainment 

VMT 

2010 Baseline Model 1,823,895 918,868 

2035 Model 2,388,715 1,160,946 

The mid-section driving speed model calibrated for the 2010 baseline model is applied with the 

2035 forecasted traffic volume. The lengths of the acceleration and deceleration segments are then 

calculated based on the mid-section speeds. 

 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-33 

Appendix: Planned Projects in the Donut Area 

Table 5 shows the planned projects in the Donut area from all funding sources. Those shown as short range, medium 

range or long range projects are included in the year 2035 model network and associated cost. Historically, projects 

in the Donut area have received between 6 and 8 million dollars yearly. 

Table 5Short, Medium and Long Range Donut Area Projects 

SR - 1 Elliott Highway MP 0 – 12 Rehabilitation 

SR - 2 Nordale Road (Chena River – Chena Hot Springs Road) 

SR - 3 Old Steese Rehabilitation (Hagelbarger to New Steese) 

SR - 4 Steele Creek Road Surfacing (Chena Hot Springs Road to Gilmore Trail) 

SR - 5 FNSB: Park and Ride 

SR - 6 Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance 

SR - 7 Gold Mine Trail Road 

SR - 8 Rosie Creek Road 

SR - 9 Old Nenana / Ester Hill Rehabilitation 

MR - 1 Chena Hot Springs Road (MP 0 – 6) 

MR - 2 Farmer’s Loop Road (MP 0 – 8.433) 

MR - 3 Goldstream Road (Old Steese to Murphy Dome Road) 

MR - 4 Old Steese (Johansen to McGrath) 

MR - 5 Plack Road Bike Path 

MR - 6 McGrath Road Upgrade 

MR - 7 Park’s Highway (MP 305 – 351) 

MR - 8 Grenac Road Resurfacing 

MR - 9 Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance 

LR - 1 Chena Pump Road (MP 0 – 4.6) 

LR - 2 Chena Ridge Road (MP 0 – 8.111) 

LR - 3 Sheep Creek Road (Black Sheep Lane to Goldstream Road) 

LR - 4 Bennett Road Resurfacing (MP 0 – 1.48) 

LR - 5 Nelson Road 

LR - 6 Farmer’s Loop – Chena Hot Springs Trail 

LR - 7 Goldstream Valley Multi-use Trail 

LR - 8 Murphy Dome Road Rehabilitation 

LR - 9 Plack Road Upgrade and Dawson Road Connector 

LR - 10 Spinach Creek Road Rehabilitation 

LR - 11 Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance 

Following is a brief description of each of the recommended Short-Range, Medium-Range, and Long-Range 

projects and how the projects are incorporated into the spending plan. Fairbanks has recently benefited from 

additional funding including stimulus funding which has increased spending within the short range projects. This 

trend currently is not expected to continue in the future. 

Recommended Short-Range Projects (2010 – 2015) 

SR-1 (NHS) Elliott Highway: MP 0 – 12 Rehabilitation – Rehabilitate the Elliott Highway between MP 0 – 12. 

(Note: 0.5 miles within Donut area.) 

SR-2 (CTP) Nordale Road: Rehabilitate and resurface Nordale Road from Chena River (MP 2.367) to Chena Hot 

Springs Road (MP 5.663). (Note: 0.4 miles within Donut area) 

SR-3 (CTP) Old Steese: Hagelbarger – New Steese: Rehabilitate the Old Steese from Hagelbarger to the New 

Steese Highway. (Note: Project is approximately 4.4 miles and all within the Donut area.) 

SR-4 (CTP) Steele Creek Road: Surface Steele Creek Road between Chena Hot Springs Road (MP 0.0) to Gilmore 

Trail (MP 3.0). (Note: Project is approximately 3 miles and all within the Donut area.) 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-34 

SR-5 (FTA-CMAQ) FNSB: Park and Ride: Provide parking lots for commuters to access the Metropolitan Area 

Commuter System (MACS) bus service. Locations identified are North Pole, Chena Hot Springs Road, Goldstream 

Road, Richardson Highway, Fox and Ester. (Note: Estimated 10% of project cost to be within the Donut area.) 

SR-6 (STP) Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance: Preventive Maintenance projects throughout Donut 

area. (Note: Estimated Preventive Maintenance funding within the Donut area is $500,000 yearly.) 

SR-7 (STP) Gold Mine Trail Road: Upgrade, realign and pave 4,750 feet of Gold Mine Trail and replace guardrail. 

Consider relocation of the Goldmine Trail / Steese Highway intersection. (Note: Project is approximately 0.9 miles 

and all within the Donut area.) 

SR-8 (STP) Rosie Creek Road: Upgrade Rosie Creek Road from Chena Ridge to Becker Ridge, to include 

alignment, shoulder work, repair and overlay of pavement and improving the intersection at Chena Ridge. (Note: 

Project is approximately 2.4 miles all within the Donut area.) 

SR-9 (STP) FNSB: Old Nenana / Ester Hill Rehabilitation: Resurface and improve the road grade4s, widen the 

road, and install guardrail along the Old Nenana Highway. 

PROJECT DESCRIPTION TOTAL 

ESTIMATED 

COST 

COST WITHIN 

DONUT AREA

SR - 1 Elliott Highway MP 0 – 12 Rehabilitation $26,500,000 $1,325,000 

SR - 2 Nordale Road $2,925,000 $468,000 

SR - 3 Old Steese Rehabilitation $13,200,000 $13,000,000 

SR - 4 Steele Creek Road Surfacing $3,000,000 $3,000,000 

SR - 5 FNSB: Park and Ride $725,000 $72,500 

SR - 6 Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance $2,500,000 $2,500,000 

SR - 7 Gold Mine Trail $2,500,000 $2,500,000 

SR - 8 Rosie Creek Road $7,400,000 $7,400,000 

SR – 9 FNSB: Old Nenana / Ester Hill Rehabilitation $12,600,000 $12,600,000 

5 year total $71,350,000 $42,865,500 

1 year average $14,270,000 $8,573,100 

Recommended Med-Range Projects (2016 – 2025) 

MR-1 (AHS) Chena Hot Springs Road – Rehabilitate Chena Hot Springs Road from MP 0 – 6. (Note: Project is 

approximately 6 miles with 1.7 miles within Donut area.) 

MR-2 (CTP) Farmer’s Loop: Relevel and resurface Farmers Loop Road MP 0 – 8.43. (Note: Project is 

approximately 8.43 miles with 3.6 within Donut area) 

MR-3 (CTP) Goldstream Road Reconstruction or Rehabilitation: Rehabilitate Goldstream Road from the Old 

Steese Highway to Murphy dome Road. Relevel and pave with spot repairs in more critical areas. (Note: Project is 

approximately 10.2 miles and all within the Donut area.) 

MR-4 (CTP) Old Steese: Johansen to McGrath Road: Construct new roadway from the Old Steese intersection 

with the Johansen to McGrath Road. (Note: Project is approximately 2 miles with 1.6 miles within Donut area.) 

MR-5 (TRAAK) Plack Road Bike Path: Construct a separated bike path along Plack Road from Nelson to Badger. 

(Note: Project is approximately 3.21 miles with .5 miles within the Donut area.) 

MR-6 (CTP) McGrath Road Upgrade: Upgrade lower McGrath Road from Crystal Drive – Farmers Loop. (Note: 

Project is approximately 1.28 miles with .25 miles within the Donut area.) 

MR-7 (NHS) Parks Highway MP 305-351: Fairbanks – Nenana Scenic Waysides: Upgrade existing waysides / 

overlooks along the Parks Highway Nenana Ridge MP 305 – 351. (Note: Project is approximately 46 miles with 1.3 

miles within the Donut Area.) 

MR-8 (CTP) Grenac Road Resurfacing: Major Rehabilitation and repaving of Grenac Road. (Note: Project is 

approximately 1.15 miles with .25 within the Donut area.) 

MR-9 (STP) Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance: Preventive Maintenance projects throughout 

Donut area. (Note: Estimated Preventive Maintenance funding within the Donut area is $500,000 yearly.) 

PROJECT DESCRIPTION TOTAL 

ESTIMATED COST 

COST WITHIN 

DONUT AREA

MR - 1 Chena Hot Springs Road $6,400,000 $3,456,000 

MR - 2 Farmer’s Loop $8,640,000 $3,628,800 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-35 

MR - 3 Goldstream Road $15,000,000 $15,000,000 

MR - 4 Old Steese: Johansen to McGrath $13,200,000 $9,900,000 

MR - 5 Plack Road Bike Path $3,000,000 $500,100 

MR - 6 McGrath Road $2,930,000 $586,000 

MR - 7 Parks Highway $3,500,000 $105,000 

MR - 8 Grenac Road Resurfacing $1,200,000 $264,000 

MR - 9 Pavement Management / Preventive 

Maintenance 

$5,000,000 $5,000,000 

10 year total $58,870,000 $38,439,100 

1 year average $5,887,000 $3,833,910 

Recommended Long-Range Projects (2026 – 2035) 

LR-1 (CTP) Chena Pump Road – Rehabilitate Chena Pump Road from MP 0 – 4.6. (Note: Project is 

approximately 4.6 miles with 2.6 miles within Donut area.) 

LR-2 (CTP) Chena Ridge Road: Rehabilitate Chena Ridge Road from MP 0 – 8.11. (Note: Project is approximately 

8.11 miles and all within Donut area) 

LR-3 (CTP) Sheep Creek Road Rehabilitation: Rehabilitate and resurface Sheep Creek Road from Blacksheep 

Lane (MP 2.669) to Goldstream Road (MP 5.260). (Note: Project is approximately 2.6 miles and all within the 

Donut area.) 

LR-4 (CTP) Bennett Road Resurfacing: Rehabilitate and repave Bennett Road from MP 0 – 1.48. (Note: Project is 

approximately 1.48 miles and all within the Donut area.) 

LR-5 (CTP) Nelson Road Rehabilitation: Rehabilitate and resurface Nelson Road from MP 0 – 3.00. (Note: Project 

is approximately 3 miles with 1.0 mile within the Donut area.) 

LR-6 (TRAAK) Farmer’s Loop to Chena Hot Springs Road Trail: Acquire easements for and plat the historic 

winter trail between Fairbanks and Chena Hot Springs Road. (Note: Project is approximately 59.3 miles with 3.25 

miles within the Donut area.) 

LR-7 (TRAAK) Goldstream Valley Multi-Use Trail: Extend multi-use trail between Sheep Creek Road / Ann’s 

Greenhouse (MP 3.41) to Goldstream / Ballaine Road (MP7.79). (Note: Project is approximately 4.55 miles and all 

within the Donut area.) 

LR-8 (CTP) Murphy Dome Road Rehabilitation: Repave Murphy Dome Road from Goldstream Road MP 0 to MP 

8.60. (Note: Project is approximately 8.6 miles with 2.75 within the Donut area.) 

LR-9 (CTP) Plack Road Upgrade and Dawson Connector: Upgrade existing roadway and extend to Dawson Road. 

(Note: Project is approximately 3.7 miles with 1 mile within the Donut area.) 

LR-10 (CTP) Spinach Creek Road Rehabilitation: Rehabilitate and repave Spinach Creek Road from Murphy 

Dome Road to Old Murphy Dome Road. (Note: Project is approximately 4.36 miles all within the Donut area.) 

LR-11 (STP) Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance: Preventive Maintenance projects throughout 

Donut area. (Note: Estimated Preventive Maintenance funding within the Donut area is $500,000 yearly.) 

PROJECT DESCRIPTION TOTAL 

ESTIMATED 

COST 

COST 

WITHIN 

DONUT 

AREA

LR - 1 Chena Pump Road $4,600,000 $2,800,000 

LR - 2 Chena Ridge Road $8,100,000 $8,100,000 

LR - 3 Sheep Creek Road $2,600,000 $2,600,000 

LR - 4 Bennett Road $610,000 $610,000 

LR - 5 Nelson Road $2,500,000 $1,650,000 

LR - 6 Farmer’s Loop – Chena Hot Springs Trail $5,700,000 $342,000 

LR - 7 Goldstream Valley Multi-use Trail $2,000,000 $2,000,000 

LR - 8 Murphy Dome Road Rehabilitation $8,300,000 $2,656,000 

LR - 9 Plack Road Upgrade and Dawson Connector $5,750,000 $1,380,000 

LR - 10 Spinach Creek Road Rehabilitation $3,000,000 $3,000,000 

LR - 11 Pavement Management / Preventive Maintenance $5,000,000 $5,000,000 

10 year total $48,160,000 $30,138,000 

1 year average $4,816,000 $3,013,800 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Error! Reference source not found.

Attachment B-36 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C

Vehicle Fleet Inputs Documentation
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-1 

Alaska DMV Database – Class Code Scheme 

Class IM On-Road

Code Description Required Vehicle

10 Passenger Personalized T T

11 Passenger T T

14 For Hire (Taxicab) T T

15 Historical Vehicle F T

16 Call Letter Passenger T T

17 Dealer Plate (1st Set) T T

19 Dealer Plate (2nd & Subsequent Sets) T T

20 Motorcycle Personalized F T

21 Motorcycle F T

25 Historic Vehicle - Exhibition F T

28 Dealer Motorcycle (1st Set) F T

29 Dealer Motorcycle (2nd Set) F T

31 Commercial Trailer: 5,000 lbs. and Under F F

32 Commercial Trailer: 5,001 lbs. - 12,000 lbs. F F

33 Commercial Trailer: 12,001 - 18,000 lbs. F F

34 Commercial Trailer: Over 18,000 lbs. F F

35 Non-Commercial Trailer F F

38 Transporter (1st Set) F T

39 Transporter (2nd & Subsequent Sets) F T

40 Non-Commercial Pickup Personalized T T

41 Commercial Truck: 5,000 lbs. & Under T T

42 Commercial Truck: 5,000 lbs. - 12,000 lbs. T T

43 Commercial Truck: 12,001 lbs. - 18,000 lbs. F T

44 Commercial Truck: Over 18,000 lbs. F T

45 Non-Commercial Pickup and Van T T

46 Call Letter Pickup (No Equipment) T T

51 Bus: 5,000 lbs. & Under F T

52 Bus: 5,001-12,000 lbs. F T

53 Bus: 12,001-18,000 lbs. F T

54 Bus: Over 18,000 lbs. F T

55 Tour Bus - All Weights F T

61 Farm Plates F F

63 Historic Vehicle - Normal Roadway Use (Passenger) T T

64 Historic Vehicle - Normal Roadway Use (Pickup) T T

65 Historic Vehicle - Normal Roadway Use (Motorcycle) F T

71 Snow Vehicles (2 year registration) F F

72 Snow Vehicles (4 year registration) F F

73 Snow Vehicles (6 year registration) F F

81 Prisoner of War Passenger T T

82 Prisoner of War Pickup and Van T T

83 Pearl Harbor Survivor Passenger T T

84 Pearl Harbor Survivor Pickup & Van T T

91 Commercial Passenger: Under 5,000 lbs. T T

92 Commercial Passenger: 5,001 - 12,000 lbs. T T

93 Commercial Passenger: 12,001 - 18,000 lbs. F T

94 Commercial Passenger: Over 18,000 lbs. F T

1A Army Passenger F T

1B Army Pickup F T

1C Custom Collector Passenger T T

1D Alaska Veteran Commemorative - Passenger T T

1F Alaska Veteran Commemorative - Passenger T T

1G Call Letter Passenger T T

1H Government Exempt Passenger T T

1M State Passenger T T

1P Exempt Passenger (Charitable) T T
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-2 

Alaska DMV Database – Class Code Scheme (cont.) 

Class IM On-Road

Code Description Required Vehicle

2A Navy Passenger T T

2B Navy Pickup T T

2D AK Veteran Commemorative - Pickup & Van T T

2G Government Exempt Motorcycle F T

2H State Motorcycle F T

2J Motorcycle - Personalized Vet - Army F T

2K Motorcycle - Personalized Vet - Navy F T

2M Motorcycle - Personalized Vet - Marines F T

2N Motorcycle - Personalized Vet - Air Force F T

2P Exempt Motorcycle (Charitable) F T

2Q Motorcycle - Personalized Vet - Coast Guard F T

3A Marines Passenger T T

3B Marines Pickup T T

3G Government Exempt Non-Commercial Trailer F F

3H State Non-Commercial Trailer F F

3P Exempt Non-Commercial Trailer (Charitable) F F

4A Air Force Passenger T T

4B Air Force Pickup T T

4C Custom Collector Pickup/Truck T T

4F Call Letter Pickup & Van T T

4G Government Exempt Pickup/Truck T T

4H State Pickup Truck T T

4M Government Personalized Pickup T T

4O Non-Commercial Personalized Pickup T T

4P Exempt Pickup/Truck (Charitable) T T

5A Coast Guard Passenger T T

5B Coast Guard Pickup T T

5G Government Exempt Bus F T

5H State Bus F T

5P Exempt Bus (Charitable) F T

6A National Guard Passenger T T

6B National Guard Pickup T T

7A Purple Heart Passenger T T

7B Purple Heart Pickup T T

AA UAA Passenger T T

AB UAA Pickup T T

D1 Disabled Vet. Passenger (No Parking Logo-2nd Set) T T

D2 Disabled Veteran Pickup (No Parking Logo-2nd Set) T T

DC Disabled Veteran Passenger (2nd Set) T T

DD Disabled Veteran (1st Set) T T

DP Disabled Veteran Pickup & Van (2nd Set) T T

DV Disabled Veteran (No Parking Logo) T T

FA UAF Passenger T T

FB UAF Pickup T T

HC Disability Passenger (2nd Set) T T

HH Disability (1st Set) T T

HP Disability Pickup & Van (2nd Set) T T

JA UAS Passenger T T

JB UAS Pickup T T

K1 Gold Star Family - Passenger F T

K2 Gold Star Family - Pickup F T

K4 Gold Star Family - Trailer F T

KA Childrens Trust Passenger T T

KB Childrens Trust Pickup T T

PA PWS Passenger T T

PB PWS Pickup T T

S1 Support our Troops Passenger T T

S2 Support our Troops Pickup T T

S3 Support our Troops Motorcycle F T

S4 Support our Troops Trailer F T
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-3 

Alaska DMV Database – Body Style Scheme 

State of Alaska 

Division of Motor Vehicles 

Standard Operating Procedures 

SOP No.: T 

Appendix C Page No.: 1 

Effective: April 14, 2006 

Subject: Supersedes: Dated: NEW 

BODY STYLES Form No.: 

Statute: AS Regulation: AAC 

See Table PR-VBODY (Table 41) for additional body styles.

TV 5th Wheel FB Snowmachine Trailer 

AE Aerial Platform ME Special Mobile Equipment 

AI Air Compressor SY Sprayer 

AM Ambulance ST Stake 

AR Armored Truck SW Station Wagon 

AD Asphalt Distributor SI Striper 

AC Auto Carrier SS Sweeper 

BH Backhoe/Loader FC Flotation Chassis 

BG Baggage FW Food Wagon 

BR Beverage Rack FL Fork Lift 

BT Boat ST Frame 

BC Brush Chipper GG Garbage or Refuse 

BG Buggy, Concrete GE Generator 

BD Bulldozer GR Glass Rack 

BU Bus GD Grader 

CL Cable Reel HO Grain (Hopper) 

CT Camping GN Grain 

AC Car Carrier HM Hammer 

VN Cargo 2H Hardtop, 2 Door 

LL Carry-All / SUV 4H Hardtop, 4 Door 

CB Chassis Cab HV Harvester 

CO Combine HB Hatchback (3 door & 5 door) 

CM Concrete Mixer HL Hay Bale Loader 

CV Convertible HY Hay Baler 

CI Corn Picker HR Hearse 

CK Cotton Picker HO Hopper 

CZ Cotton Stripper HE Horse 

CP Coupe LF Lift Boom 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-4 

CR Crane LM Limousine 

DE Detasseling Equipment LC Line Construction 

DR Drill, Rock LS Livestock Rack 

DP Dump LD Loader 

EX Excavator LK Log Skidder 

FS Fertilizer Spreader LP Log 

FD Field Chopper LB Lowbed 

TV Fifth Wheel LB Lowboy 

FT Fire Truck BG Luggage 

FB Flatbed LW Lunch Wagon 

FR Flatrack MB Moped 

MR Mower, Grass or Hay MB Motor Scooter 

MR Mower, Conditioner MB Motorbike 

MO Mower, Garden Tractor FB Motorcycle Trailer 

MO Mower, Riding MC Motorcycle 

OF Office MH Motorhome 

PL Pallet TN Tank 

PN Panel TN Tanker 

VP Passenger Van TE Tent 

PV Paver TT Tow Truck 

PK Pickup TC Tractor, Track Type 

FB Platform DS Tractor, Truck (Diesel) 

LP Pole TR Tractor, Truck (Gas) 

DI Potato Digger TF Tractor, Wheel Type 

PR Prime Mover TV Travel 

ST Rack TA Tree Harvester 

RF Refrigerated Van UT Utility Trailer 

RF Refrigerator LL Utility Vehicle 

RD Roadster VA Vacuum Cleaner 

RO Roller VN Van (Cargo) 

SZ Saw VC Van Camper 

SC Scraper VP Van, Passenger 

2D Sedan, 2 Door VT Vanette 

4D Sedan, 4 Door WE Welder 

UT Service WD Well Driller 

SP Shipping Container WN Windrower 

SH Shovel TT Wrecker 

SO Snowblower 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-5 

Alaska VIN Decoder – Key Field Descriptions 

VEHICLE CLASS 

CITY TRANSIT BUS 

DUAL SPORT 

FULL-SIZE MPV 

FULL-SIZE PICKUP 

FULL-SIZE VAN 

INTERCITY/TOUR BUS 

LARGE CAR 

MID-SIZE CAR 

MID-SIZE MPV 

MILITARY 

MINI BUS 

MINI PICKUP 

MINI VAN 

ON ROAD MOTORCYCLE 

SCHOOL BUS 

SCOOTER 

SMALL CAR 

SMALL MPV 

TRUCK DELIVERY 

TRUCK TRACTOR 

UTILITY VAN 

GVWR CLASS 

CLASS A: 0-3 000 LB 

CLASS B: 3 001-4 000 LB 

CLASS C: 4 001-5 000 LB 

CLASS D: 5 001-6 000 LB 

CLASS E: 6 001-7 000 LB 

CLASS F: 7 001-8 000 LB 

CLASS G: 8 001-9 000 LB 

CLASS H: 9 001-10 000 LB 

CLASS 3: 10 001-14 000 LB 

CLASS 4: 14 001-16 000 LB 

CLASS 5: 16 001-19 500 LB 

CLASS 6: 19 501-26 000 LB 

CLASS 7: 26 001-33 000 LB 

CLASS 8: 33 001 LB AND OVER 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-6 

Alaska VIN Decoder – Key Field Descriptions (cont.) 

VEHICLE TYPE 

BUS 

INCOMPLETE VEHICLE 

MOTORCYCLE 

MULTIPURPOSE VEHICLE (MPV) 

PASSENGER CAR 

PICKUP TRUCK 

RECREATIONAL VEHICLE 

TRUCK 

VAN 

BODY TYPE 

2 DOOR CAB 

2 DOOR CAB; CHASSIS 

2 DOOR CAB; CHASSIS; CONVENTIONAL 

2 DOOR CAB; CLUB 

2 DOOR CAB; CLUB; LONG BED 

2 DOOR CAB; CREW 

2 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED 

2 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED; CHASSIS 

2 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED; PLUS 

2 DOOR CAB; KING CAB 

2 DOOR CAB; LONG BED 

2 DOOR CAB; PLUS 

2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR 

2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; CHASSIS 

2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; FLARESIDE 

2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; LONG BED 

2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; SHORT BED 

2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; STYLESIDE 

2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; SUNDOWNER 

2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; SUNDOWNER; LONG BED 

2 DOOR CAB; REGULAR; TOWNSIDE 

2 DOOR CAB; SHORT BED 

2 DOOR CAB; SHORT BED; SWEPTLINE 

2 DOOR CAB; SPACE 

2 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB 

2 DOOR CAB; SUPER LONG BED 

2 DOOR CAB; SWEPTLINE 

2 DOOR CAB; SWEPTLINE; CHASSIS 

2 DOOR CAB; X-CAB 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-7 

2 DOOR CAB; X-CAB; LONG BED 

2 DOOR CONVERTIBLE 

2 DOOR CONVERTIBLE; OPEN TOP 

2 DOOR CONVERTIBLE; ROADSTER 

2 DOOR COUPE 

2 DOOR COUPE; HARD TOP 

2 DOOR COUPE; LIFTBACK 

2 DOOR COUPE; NOTCHBACK 

2 DOOR COUPE; SPORT ROOF 

2 DOOR COUPE; TARGA 

2 DOOR HATCHBACK 

2 DOOR HATCHBACK; LIFTBACK 

2 DOOR HATCHBACK; SPORT ROOF 

2 DOOR HATCHBACK; SPORTWAGON 

2 DOOR VAN 

2 DOOR WAGON 

2 DOOR WAGON; CANVAS TOP 

2 DOOR WAGON; HARD TOP 

2 DOOR WAGON; OPEN BODY 

2 DOOR WAGON; SHORT WHEELBASE 

2 DOOR WAGON; T-BAR TOP 

2 PERSON 

2/4 DOOR WAGON 

200 WIDE BODY VAN 

2-PASSENGER 

3 DOOR BUS 

3 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB; FLARESIDE 

3 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB; STYLESIDE 

3 DOOR VAN 

3 DOOR VAN; CARGO 

3 DOOR VAN; CHASSIS 

3 DOOR VAN; CUTAWAY 

3 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED 

3 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; CARGO 

3 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; PASSENGER 

3 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; SPORT 

3 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; WINDOW 

3 DOOR VAN; INCOMPLETE CHASSIS 

3 DOOR VAN; PASSENGER 

3 DOOR VAN; REGULAR; CARGO 

3 DOOR VAN; SPORT 

3 DOOR VAN; SUPER EXTENDED; CARGO 

3 DOOR VAN; SUPER EXTENDED; DISPLAY 

3 DOOR VAN; SUPER EXTENDED; WINDOW 

4 DOOR CAB; ACCESS CAB 

4 DOOR CAB; CHASSIS 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-8 

4 DOOR CAB; CHASSIS; CREW 

4 DOOR CAB; CLUB 

4 DOOR CAB; CREW 

4 DOOR CAB; CREW MAX 

4 DOOR CAB; CREW; LONG BED 

4 DOOR CAB; CREW; LONG WHEELBASE 

4 DOOR CAB; CREW; SHORT WHEELBASE 

4 DOOR CAB; DOUBLE CAB 

4 DOOR CAB; DOUBLE CAB; LONG BED 

4 DOOR CAB; DOUBLE CAB; STANDARD BED 

4 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED 

4 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED; CHASSIS 

4 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED; QUAD 

4 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED; QUAD; CHASSIS 

4 DOOR CAB; EXTENDED; UTILITY 

4 DOOR CAB; FLARESIDE; SUPER CREW 

4 DOOR CAB; KING CAB 

4 DOOR CAB; KING CAB; LONG WHEELBASE 

4 DOOR CAB; KING CAB; SHORT WHEELBASE 

4 DOOR CAB; MEGA 

4 DOOR CAB; PLUS 

4 DOOR CAB; QUAD 

4 DOOR CAB; REGULAR 

4 DOOR CAB; STYLESIDE; SUPER CREW 

4 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB 

4 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB; CHASSIS 

4 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB; FLARESIDE 

4 DOOR CAB; SUPER CAB; STYLESIDE 

4 DOOR CAB; SUPER CREW 

4 DOOR CAB; UTILITY 

4 DOOR COUPE 

4 DOOR HATCHBACK 

4 DOOR HATCHBACK; LIFTBACK 

4 DOOR SEDAN 

4 DOOR SEDAN; HARD TOP 

4 DOOR SEDAN; LIFTBACK 

4 DOOR SEDAN; LONG WHEELBASE 

4 DOOR SEDAN; SHORT WHEELBASE 

4 DOOR VAN 

4 DOOR VAN; CARGO 

4 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED 

4 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; CARGO 

4 DOOR VAN; EXTENDED; PASSENGER 

4 DOOR VAN; PASSENGER 

4 DOOR VAN; REGULAR 

4 DOOR WAGON 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-9 

4 DOOR WAGON; ALL PURPOSE WINDOW-LIFT GATE 

4 DOOR WAGON; HARD TOP 

4 DOOR WAGON; SPORT 

4 DOOR WAGON; STATION WAGON 

BASE 

BASE CUTAWAY; CUBE VAN 

CHASSIS 

CHASSIS CAB 

CHOPPER 

CLASS A MOTORHOME CHASSIS; STRIPPED CHASSIS 

COMMERCIAL BASIC STRIPPED CHASSIS 

COMMERCIAL CHASSIS 

COMMERCIAL CUTAWAY 

COMMERCIAL CUTAWAY; VAN 

COMMERCIAL SPECIAL AND RV CUTAWAY 

COMMERCIAL STRIPPED CHASSIS 

CONCRETE OR TRANSIT MIXER 

CONSTRUCTION 

CONSTRUCTION; STEEL CAB 

CREW CAB 

CUBE VAN 

CUSTOM 

CUTAWAY 

DELUXE 

DUMP 

EXPERIMENTAL 

EXTENDED; CLUB WAGON 

FORWARD CONTROL 

FORWARD CONTROL BODY 

FORWARD/TILTMASTER 

HEAVY WEIGHT 

HIGHWAY 

HIGHWAY; STEEL CAB 

INTEGRATED CE COMMERCIAL BUS 

INTEGRATED CONVENTIONAL BUS 

INTERCITY BUS 

INTERCITY COACH 

LOWERED RAIL REAR ENGINE 

MEDIUM CONVENTIONAL 

MEDIUM STEEL TILT 

MIDDLE WEIGHT 

MOTOR HOME 

MOTOR HOME CHASSIS 

MOTOR HOME STRIPPED CHASSIS 

MOTORIZED CUTAWAY 

REAR ENGINE 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-10 

REGULAR 

REGULAR CAB 

RV CUTAWAY 

RV STRIPPED CHASSIS 

SIDE CAR 

SINGLE DOWN TUBE 

SOFTAIL 

SPECIAL COMMERCIAL CHASSIS 

SPORT 

SPORT BIKE 

STANDARD 

STEP VAN 

STRIPPED CHASSIS 

SUPER CAB 

SUPER DUTY CUTAWAY; VAN 

THREE-WHEEL FOR PASSEGER 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-11 

MOVES Age Distribution Inputs 

MC PC PT LCT ICTYBUS TRNBUS SCHBUS REFTRK MtrHome

ShortHaul LongHaul ShortHaul LongHaul

Source: SURVEY SURVEY SURVEY DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV DMV

Age 11 21 31 32 41 42 43 51 52 53 54 61 62

0 0.0000 0.0529 0.0427 0.0433 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0294 0.0017 0.0017 0.0000 0.0328 0.0328

1 0.0000 0.0706 0.0569 0.0629 0.0000 0.0189 0.0215 0.4412 0.0150 0.0150 0.0000 0.0361 0.0361

2 0.0000 0.0739 0.0764 0.1211 0.0000 0.1321 0.0511 0.0294 0.0341 0.0341 0.0111 0.0270 0.0270

3 0.0000 0.0686 0.0861 0.0864 0.0000 0.1887 0.3199 0.0000 0.0599 0.0599 0.0090 0.0672 0.0672

4 0.0000 0.0856 0.0906 0.0986 0.0408 0.0189 0.0323 0.0588 0.0499 0.0499 0.0263 0.0639 0.0639

5 1.0000 0.0503 0.0847 0.0664 0.0102 0.0000 0.0484 0.0000 0.0474 0.0474 0.0216 0.0443 0.0443

6 0.0000 0.0675 0.0839 0.0575 0.0102 0.0189 0.0457 0.0000 0.0333 0.0333 0.0279 0.0156 0.0156

7 0.0000 0.0664 0.0691 0.0548 0.1429 0.0189 0.0269 0.0882 0.0341 0.0341 0.0184 0.0303 0.0303

8 0.0000 0.0556 0.0547 0.0392 0.0408 0.0000 0.0108 0.0294 0.0274 0.0274 0.0269 0.0377 0.0377

9 0.0000 0.0620 0.0604 0.0436 0.0510 0.0189 0.0296 0.0000 0.0366 0.0366 0.0258 0.0418 0.0418

10 0.0000 0.0525 0.0557 0.0550 0.1531 0.0000 0.0323 0.0588 0.0507 0.0507 0.0348 0.0352 0.0352

11 0.0000 0.0483 0.0425 0.0365 0.1020 0.0189 0.0323 0.0294 0.0407 0.0407 0.0532 0.0557 0.0557

12 0.0000 0.0495 0.0340 0.0216 0.0102 0.0000 0.0591 0.0294 0.0449 0.0449 0.0327 0.0426 0.0426

13 0.0000 0.0278 0.0249 0.0317 0.1531 0.0000 0.0323 0.0000 0.0407 0.0407 0.0448 0.0361 0.0361

14 0.0000 0.0325 0.0282 0.0249 0.0306 0.0000 0.0484 0.0882 0.0357 0.0357 0.0385 0.0410 0.0410

15 0.0000 0.0219 0.0292 0.0212 0.0612 0.0189 0.0081 0.0000 0.0283 0.0283 0.0448 0.0385 0.0385

16 0.0000 0.0231 0.0205 0.0190 0.0306 0.0566 0.0242 0.0000 0.0366 0.0366 0.0501 0.0344 0.0344

17 0.0000 0.0217 0.0118 0.0163 0.0000 0.1132 0.0269 0.0294 0.0258 0.0258 0.0300 0.0254 0.0254

18 0.0000 0.0194 0.0126 0.0095 0.0000 0.0000 0.0161 0.0000 0.0274 0.0274 0.0348 0.0303 0.0303

19 0.0000 0.0189 0.0083 0.0125 0.0204 0.0943 0.0108 0.0000 0.0216 0.0216 0.0248 0.0246 0.0246

20 0.0000 0.0075 0.0059 0.0109 0.0102 0.0377 0.0161 0.0000 0.0224 0.0224 0.0316 0.0352 0.0352

21 0.0000 0.0056 0.0047 0.0057 0.0306 0.0377 0.0269 0.0294 0.0200 0.0200 0.0416 0.0270 0.0270

22 0.0000 0.0047 0.0024 0.0063 0.0102 0.0000 0.0134 0.0000 0.0150 0.0150 0.0437 0.0164 0.0164

23 0.0000 0.0031 0.0028 0.0029 0.0204 0.1132 0.0054 0.0000 0.0083 0.0083 0.0332 0.0172 0.0172

24 0.0000 0.0028 0.0020 0.0046 0.0000 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 0.0200 0.0200 0.0237 0.0107 0.0107

25 0.0000 0.0028 0.0022 0.0065 0.0000 0.0377 0.0215 0.0294 0.0158 0.0158 0.0295 0.0098 0.0098

26 0.0000 0.0019 0.0012 0.0052 0.0000 0.0189 0.0027 0.0000 0.0216 0.0216 0.0274 0.0115 0.0115

27 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 0.0038 0.0000 0.0000 0.0161 0.0000 0.0091 0.0091 0.0142 0.0082 0.0082

28 0.0000 0.0003 0.0010 0.0030 0.0306 0.0000 0.0027 0.0000 0.0258 0.0258 0.0200 0.0115 0.0115

29 0.0000 0.0006 0.0004 0.0019 0.0102 0.0189 0.0027 0.0000 0.0125 0.0125 0.0095 0.0213 0.0213

30+ 0.0000 0.0017 0.0043 0.0271 0.0306 0.0189 0.0134 0.0294 0.1380 0.1380 0.1702 0.0705 0.0705

All 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Single‐Unit Truck Combo‐Unit Truck

May 2010 DMV & Winter 2009 Parking Survey Based Vehicle Fractions by MOVES  Source Use Type and Age
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment C-12 

Calculation of VMT Allocations by HPMS Vehicle Type Category 

2010 2035

Entire Fleet: 1,823,895 2,388,715

LDVs (11,21,31): 1,718,763 2,284,514

TRKs (32+): 105,132 104,201

LDV%: 94.2% 95.6%TRK%: 5.8% 4.4%

DMV‐Based Aggregated 2010 Base 2010 Base 2035 LRTP 2035 

MOVESDflt Fairbanks Fairbanks Fairbanks DMV‐Based TransCAD DMV/TransCAD TransCAD DMV/Tra

HPMSVtypeID SourceTypes Miles/Yr/Veh Popn VMT/Yr VMT/Day VMT/Day VMT/Day Ratio VMT/Day VMT/Yr VMT/Day Rat

10 11 2,540 4,234 10,752,707 29,459 20,335 7,422,302 

20 21 12,051 25,441 306,598,421 839,996 579,826 211,636,581 

30 31 11,806 50,102 591,490,107 1,620,521 1,118,602 408,289,591 

30 32 11,806 6,309 74,482,278 204,061 38,392 14,013,009 

40 41,42,43 10,458 523 5,469,368 14,985 2,819 1,029,000 

50 51,52,53,54 12,271 3,135 38,469,721 105,396 19,829 7,237,648 

60 61,62 70,116 1,220 85,541,220 234,360 44,092 16,093,625 

90,964 1,112,803,821 3,048,778 1,823,895 665,721,757 

HPMSVtypeID 2010 2015 2025 2035 SourceType 2010 201

10 7,422,302 7,910,930 8,888,185 9,865,440 11 4,234 

20 211,636,581 225,569,112 253,434,173 281,299,235 21 25,441 30 422,302,600 449,156,427 502,864,082 556,571,737 31 50,102 40 1,029,000 1,027,177 1,023,530 1,019,884 32 6,309 

50 7,237,648 7,224,823 7,199,173 7,173,523 41 98 

60 16,093,625 16,065,107 16,008,072 15,951,036 42 53 

665,721,757 706,953,576 789,417,215 871,880,854 43 372 

VMT/Day: 1,823,895 1,936,859 2,162,787 2,388,715 51 34 

52 1,100 

53 103 54 1,898 61 694 62 526 All 90,964 

2010 Base TransCAD 

Calculation of VMT by HPMS Vehicle Type by Apportioning DMV‐Based Estimates to TransCAD Modeled VMT

TransCAD PM Area Daily VMT

DMV Apportioned 

2,284,514 1.0

104,201 5.3

Annual VMT (Miles/Year)

Resulting Annual VMT for MOVES Input

(from 2010, kee

Scaled 

1.4495.315

2,489,976

558,802

1,718,763

105,132
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-13 

Normalized Speed Distribution Inputs by Road Type and Time of Day 

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd

SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5 SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5

1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00408 3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.01324

4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.03268 4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.02056

5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00089 0.00250 0.05518 5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00358 0.07247

6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.23859 0.00000 0.23790 6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.22983 0.00000 0.24639

7 30 0.00000 0.06093 0.44354 0.16503 0.20091 7 30 0.00000 0.06755 0.45523 0.18655 0.20494

8 35 0.00000 0.00066 0.10390 0.07915 0.23961 8 35 0.00000 0.00057 0.10975 0.07692 0.17352

9 40 0.00000 0.00000 0.07377 0.00000 0.04823 9 40 0.00000 0.00000 0.07007 0.00000 0.05085

10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.06820 0.00000 0.01249 10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.06075 0.00000 0.00676

11 50 0.00000 0.93841 0.07111 0.75332 0.16891 11 50 0.00000 0.93188 0.07437 0.73295 0.21127

12 55 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 12 55 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd

SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5 SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5

1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00170 3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00804

4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00102 0.00000 0.03214 4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.02339

5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00297 0.05386 5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00288 0.06666

6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.24474 0.00000 0.23253 6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.23269 0.00000 0.24352

7 30 0.00000 0.06716 0.46657 0.21186 0.21577 7 30 0.00000 0.07206 0.48234 0.19768 0.21732

8 35 0.00000 0.00064 0.10502 0.04680 0.24191 8 35 0.00000 0.00060 0.10819 0.06229 0.19075

9 40 0.00000 0.00000 0.06596 0.00000 0.06176 9 40 0.00000 0.00000 0.06223 0.00000 0.05290

10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.05800 0.00000 0.01289 10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.05188 0.00000 0.00713

11 50 0.00000 0.93219 0.05869 0.73837 0.14744 11 50 0.00000 0.92733 0.06268 0.73716 0.19028

12 55 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 12 55 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd

SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5 SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5

1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00243 3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00628

4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00049 4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00022

5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00119 0.00201 0.08816 5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00320 0.04706

6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.23781 0.00000 0.17161 6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.20797 0.00000 0.22205

7 30 0.00000 0.06749 0.00502 0.25648 0.10135 7 30 0.00000 0.06430 0.00403 0.24969 0.09707

8 35 0.00000 0.00000 0.43450 0.01507 0.23485 8 35 0.00000 0.00000 0.52306 0.01820 0.23529

9 40 0.00000 0.00375 0.10244 0.04457 0.20932 9 40 0.00000 0.00066 0.12083 0.03749 0.17753

10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.10756 0.00000 0.05043 10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.04355 0.00000 0.04588

11 50 0.00000 0.00000 0.03843 0.00000 0.01101 11 50 0.00000 0.00000 0.04697 0.00000 0.00843

12 55 0.00000 0.92875 0.07305 0.68187 0.13035 12 55 0.00000 0.93504 0.05358 0.69141 0.16019

13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd

SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5 SpdBin SpdRange 1 2 3 4 5

1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 2.5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 2 5 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.01059 3 10 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00554

4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00899 4 15 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00060

5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00209 0.00184 0.07887 5 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00116 0.07091

6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.20731 0.00000 0.16862 6 25 0.00000 0.00000 0.15554 0.00000 0.17987

7 30 0.00000 0.02024 0.01155 0.17486 0.18614 7 30 0.00000 0.02380 0.00505 0.22252 0.15781

8 35 0.00000 0.00000 0.39595 0.01268 0.11020 8 35 0.00000 0.00000 0.45527 0.01640 0.15516

9 40 0.00000 0.00298 0.08689 0.03191 0.23276 9 40 0.00000 0.00536 0.11451 0.05217 0.16693

10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.14801 0.00000 0.06691 10 45 0.00000 0.00000 0.10795 0.00000 0.05651

11 50 0.00000 0.56125 0.02656 0.34358 0.03021 11 50 0.00000 0.00000 0.02947 0.13446 0.06469

12 55 0.00000 0.41553 0.12164 0.43513 0.10670 12 55 0.00000 0.97084 0.13222 0.57328 0.14197

13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 13 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 14 65 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 15 70 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 16 75 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 CheckSum: 0.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000

2010 Truck Daily Values 2035 Truck Daily Values

2010 AM Peak (7-9 am, MOVES Hrs 8-10)

2010 PM Peak (3-6 pm, MOVES Hrs 16-19)

2010 Off Peak (9 am-3 pm, 7 pm-7 am, MOVES Hrs 10-15, 20-7)

2035 AM Peak (7-9 am, MOVES Hrs 8-10)

2035 PM Peak (3-6 pm, MOVES Hrs 16-19)

2035 Off Peak (9 am-3 pm, 7 pm-7 am, MOVES Hrs 10-15, 20-7)
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment C 

Attachment C-14 

Tabulated Road Type VMT by Time of Day and Normalized Road Type 

Distribution Inputs by Time of Day 

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd

1 2 3 4 5 CheckSum 1 2 3 4 5

Sum of DVMT 225,452 852,272 250,226 495,946 1,823,895 Sum of DVMT 0.000 0.124 0.467 0.137 0.272

Sum of AVMT 21,137 57,217 21,378 32,737 132,469 Sum of AVMT 0.000 0.160 0.432 0.161 0.247

Sum of PVMT 46,770 179,362 53,288 100,715 380,135 Sum of PVMT 0.000 0.123 0.472 0.140 0.265

Sum of OVMT 141,990 575,088 148,557 340,524 1,206,159 Sum of OVMT 0.000 0.118 0.477 0.123 0.282

Sum of TRKVMT 15,555 40,604 27,003 21,970 105,132 Sum of TRKVM 0.000 0.148 0.386 0.257 0.209

Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban Off- Rural Rural Urban Urban

Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd Network Rstrcd Unrstctd Rstrcd Unrstctd

1 2 3 4 5 CheckSum 1 2 3 4 5

Sum of DVMT 337,118 703,148 263,617 1,072,687 2,376,571 Sum of DVMT 0.000 0.142 0.296 0.111 0.451

Sum of AVMT 28,174 41,997 23,434 78,947 172,551 Sum of AVMT 0.000 0.163 0.243 0.136 0.458

Sum of PVMT 66,284 126,598 54,151 219,014 466,047 Sum of PVMT 0.000 0.142 0.272 0.116 0.470

Sum of OVMT 202,975 484,880 168,770 712,351 1,568,977 Sum of OVMT 0.000 0.129 0.309 0.108 0.454

Sum of TRKVMT 39,685 49,673 17,261 62,376 168,996 Sum of TRKVM 0.000 0.235 0.294 0.102 0.369

2010 Base VMT by MOVES Road Type and Normalized

2035 Forecast VMT by MOVES Road Type and Normalized
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment D 

Attachment D

NONROAD Model Outputs
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-1 

2008 NONROAD SOURCE WINTER SEASON EMISSIONS AND MONTHLY ALLOCATIONS (May/June 2013 NONROAD Runs)

County ANNUAL EMISSIONS (tons/year) 

Name SOURCE DESCRIPTION SCC VOC CO NOX SOX PM10-

PRI 

PM25-

PRI 

NH3 VOC 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road 2260001010 25.65 25.02 0.07 0.00 0.92 0.85 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Snowmobiles 2260001020 55.34 132.47 0.49 0.04 1.26 1.16 0.01 0.93 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles 2260001030 12.69 12.87 0.04 0.00 0.45 0.41 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2260001060 0.18 2.91 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2260002006 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2260002009 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2260002021 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2260002027 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2260002039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2260002054 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2260003030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2260003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential) 2260004015 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial) 2260004016 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Residential) 2260004020 0.12 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial) 2260004021 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Residential) 

2260004025 0.15 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Commercial) 

2260004026 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential) 2260004030 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2260004031 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential) 2260004035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2260004036 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2260004071 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2260005035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2260006005 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2260006010 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2260006015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2260006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Chain Saws > 6 HP 2260007005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road 2265001010 1.12 10.04 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles 2265001030 11.78 93.49 1.11 0.02 0.13 0.12 0.01 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Golf Carts 2265001050 1.00 25.67 0.31 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2265001060 0.15 3.42 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2265002003 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2265002006 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2265002009 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2265002015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2265002021 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2265002024 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2265002027 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2265002030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2265002033 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2265002039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers 2265002042 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2265002045 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2265002054 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2265002057 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2265002060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2265002066 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2265002072 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders 2265002078 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2265002081 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2265003010 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-2 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2265003020 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2265003030 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2265003040 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2265003050 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2265003060 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2265003070 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.39 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Residential) 2265004010 0.79 7.38 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Commercial) 2265004011 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential) 2265004015 0.07 0.65 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial) 2265004016 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Residential) 

2265004025 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Commercial) 

2265004026 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential) 2265004030 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2265004031 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential) 2265004035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2265004036 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Residential) 2265004040 0.09 1.27 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial) 2265004041 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial) 2265004046 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial) 2265004051 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Residential) 2265004055 0.85 16.86 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial) 2265004056 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2265004066 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2265004071 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment 

(Residential) 

2265004075 0.06 0.74 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment 

(Commercial) 

2265004076 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors 2265005010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors 2265005015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Combines 2265005020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 2265005025 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers 2265005030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2265005035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP 2265005040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers 2265005045 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2265005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2265005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2265006005 0.14 2.84 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2265006010 0.04 0.57 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2265006015 0.01 0.25 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2265006025 0.02 0.63 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2265006030 0.07 1.19 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2265006035 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP 2265007010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder 2265007015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2265008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2265010010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2267001060 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2267002003 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2267002015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2267002021 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2267002024 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2267002030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2267002033 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2267002039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2267002045 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2267002054 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2267002057 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2267002060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-3 

Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2267002066 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2267002072 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2267002081 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2267003010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2267003020 0.01 0.24 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2267003030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2267003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2267003050 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2267003070 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2267004066 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2267005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2267005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2267006005 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2267006010 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2267006015 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2267006025 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2267006030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2267006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, LPG, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2267008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2268002081 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2268003020 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2268003030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2268003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2268003060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2268003070 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2268005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2268005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2268006005 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2268006010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2268006015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 2268006020 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.50 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2268006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2268010010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2270001060 0.03 0.10 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2270002003 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2270002006 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2270002009 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2270002015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Scrapers 2270002018 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2270002021 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2270002024 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2270002027 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2270002030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2270002033 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Excavators 2270002036 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2270002039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers 2270002042 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2270002045 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Graders 2270002048 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Trucks 2270002051 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2270002054 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2270002057 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2270002060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2270002066 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crawler Tractor/Dozers 2270002069 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2270002072 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Tractors 2270002075 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders 2270002078 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2270002081 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2270003010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2270003020 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-4 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2270003030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 

Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2270003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2270003050 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2270003060 0.02 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2270003070 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2270004031 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2270004036 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial) 2270004046 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial) 2270004056 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2270004066 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2270004071 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment (Commercial) 2270004076 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors 2270005010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors 2270005015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Combines 2270005020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 2270005025 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers 2270005030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2270005035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP 2270005040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers 2270005045 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2270005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2270005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2270006005 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2270006010 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2270006015 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 2270006020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2270006025 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2270006030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2270006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP 2270007010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder 2270007015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2270008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Underground Mining Equipment, Other Underground Mining Equipment 2270009010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2270010010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Outboard 2282005010 16.03 32.70 0.49 0.01 0.25 0.23 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Personal Water Craft 2282005015 4.73 13.86 0.18 0.00 0.09 0.08 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 4-Stroke, Inboard/Sterndrive 2282010005 1.95 21.05 1.46 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Inboard/Sterndrive 2282020005 0.04 0.18 1.08 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Outboard 2282020010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Denali Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Diesel, Railway Maintenance 2285002015 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 Denali Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Railway Maintenance 2285004015 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 Denali Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, LPG, Railway Maintenance 2285006015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road 2260001010 30.58 30.01 0.09 0.00 1.10 1.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Snowmobiles 2260001020 1586.8

3 

3799.7

5 

14.57 1.06 36.37 33.46 0.37 0.93 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles 2260001030 15.03 15.45 0.04 0.00 0.53 0.49 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2260001060 0.21 3.51 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2260002006 1.66 7.67 0.02 0.00 0.21 0.19 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2260002009 0.05 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2260002021 0.06 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2260002027 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2260002039 3.62 19.50 0.05 0.00 0.54 0.50 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2260002054 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2260003030 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2260003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential) 2260004015 0.30 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial) 2260004016 0.03 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Residential) 2260004020 3.57 11.11 0.05 0.00 0.28 0.26 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial) 2260004021 0.51 2.33 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Residential) 

2260004025 4.76 14.54 0.07 0.00 0.40 0.37 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-5 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Commercial) 

2260004026 0.27 1.28 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential) 2260004030 3.59 9.77 0.04 0.00 0.25 0.23 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2260004031 0.29 1.44 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential) 2260004035 3.89 11.30 0.02 0.00 0.10 0.09 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2260004036 0.57 1.92 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2260004071 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2260005035 0.02 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2260006005 0.20 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2260006010 1.37 5.43 0.03 0.00 0.16 0.15 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2260006015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2260006035 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Chain Saws > 6 HP 2260007005 1.50 7.51 0.02 0.00 0.21 0.19 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road 2265001010 1.34 12.02 0.16 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles 2265001030 14.12 112.54 1.33 0.02 0.15 0.14 0.01 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Golf Carts 2265001050 3.66 93.71 1.11 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2265001060 0.17 3.99 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2265002003 0.15 4.17 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2265002006 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2265002009 0.65 10.15 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2265002015 0.26 7.36 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2265002021 0.89 17.81 0.21 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2265002024 0.30 6.65 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2265002027 0.02 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2265002030 0.57 12.59 0.22 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2265002033 0.43 5.43 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2265002039 0.98 28.78 0.38 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers 2265002042 1.14 18.56 0.19 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2265002045 0.04 0.67 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2265002054 0.08 1.84 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2265002057 0.05 0.84 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2265002060 0.10 1.81 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.38 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2265002066 0.31 9.60 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2265002072 0.22 5.10 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders 2265002078 0.15 2.83 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2265002081 0.05 0.86 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2265003010 0.12 2.31 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2265003020 0.25 5.23 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2265003030 0.07 1.61 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2265003040 0.27 4.11 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2265003050 0.01 0.16 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2265003060 0.03 0.75 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2265003070 0.01 0.25 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.39 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Residential) 2265004010 24.37 228.46 2.05 0.02 0.13 0.12 0.01 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Commercial) 2265004011 0.46 5.06 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential) 2265004015 2.07 19.44 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial) 2265004016 0.25 2.98 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Residential) 

2265004025 0.13 1.25 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Commercial) 

2265004026 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential) 2265004030 0.28 2.39 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2265004031 0.15 3.72 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential) 2265004035 2.19 29.27 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2265004036 0.18 4.96 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Residential) 2265004040 2.63 37.76 0.43 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial) 2265004041 0.02 0.48 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial) 2265004046 0.02 0.68 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial) 2265004051 0.03 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Residential) 2265004055 25.46 503.31 5.87 0.06 0.15 0.14 0.02 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial) 2265004056 0.20 6.51 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2265004066 0.03 0.81 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-6 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2265004071 0.82 20.41 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment 

(Residential) 

2265004075 1.80 21.98 0.21 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment 

(Commercial) 

2265004076 0.07 0.88 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors 2265005010 0.01 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors 2265005015 0.01 0.36 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Combines 2265005020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 2265005025 0.04 0.34 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers 2265005030 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2265005035 0.15 2.30 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP 2265005040 0.25 6.41 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers 2265005045 0.05 0.52 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2265005055 0.05 0.94 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2265005060 0.02 0.40 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2265006005 12.25 248.81 2.74 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2265006010 3.30 50.23 0.75 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2265006015 1.25 21.92 0.48 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.48 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2265006025 2.12 55.89 0.91 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2265006030 6.40 105.46 1.13 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2265006035 0.19 4.28 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP 2265007010 0.59 16.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder 2265007015 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2265008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2265010010 0.84 25.36 0.30 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2267001060 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2267002003 0.01 0.14 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2267002015 0.01 0.22 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2267002021 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2267002024 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2267002030 0.02 0.44 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2267002033 0.01 0.16 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2267002039 0.01 0.33 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2267002045 0.01 0.16 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2267002054 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2267002057 0.01 0.27 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2267002060 0.03 0.67 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2267002066 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2267002072 0.03 0.59 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2267002081 0.01 0.25 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2267003010 0.02 0.39 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2267003020 1.57 31.45 5.55 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2267003030 0.01 0.21 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2267003040 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2267003050 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2267003070 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2267004066 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2267005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2267005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2267006005 0.20 2.98 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2267006010 0.04 0.66 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2267006015 0.04 0.76 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2267006025 0.07 1.38 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2267006030 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2267006035 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2267008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2268002081 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2268003020 0.01 2.44 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2268003030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2268003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2268003060 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2268003070 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-7 

FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2268005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2268005060 0.00 0.23 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2268006005 0.00 1.11 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2268006010 0.00 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2268006015 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.50 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 2268006020 0.00 0.57 0.11 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.79 0.50 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2268006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2268010010 0.00 1.67 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.77 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2270001060 0.03 0.11 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2270002003 0.22 1.18 2.62 0.01 0.21 0.20 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2270002006 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2270002009 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2270002015 0.60 3.50 6.69 0.02 0.59 0.57 0.01 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Scrapers 2270002018 0.43 3.20 7.41 0.02 0.44 0.42 0.01 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2270002021 0.04 0.23 0.43 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2270002024 0.02 0.16 0.26 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2270002027 0.12 0.46 0.84 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2270002030 0.35 2.21 3.32 0.01 0.36 0.34 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2270002033 0.35 1.45 4.00 0.01 0.27 0.26 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Excavators 2270002036 1.87 9.58 24.81 0.08 1.75 1.70 0.03 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2270002039 0.03 0.17 0.23 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers 2270002042 0.02 0.07 0.15 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2270002045 0.49 1.77 7.01 0.02 0.35 0.34 0.01 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Graders 2270002048 0.47 2.14 6.26 0.02 0.42 0.40 0.01 0.44 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Trucks 2270002051 1.36 7.96 24.16 0.07 1.18 1.14 0.02 0.44 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2270002054 0.10 0.43 1.29 0.00 0.08 0.07 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2270002057 0.91 5.63 8.98 0.03 0.91 0.89 0.01 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2270002060 2.36 13.53 32.41 0.09 2.16 2.10 0.03 0.44 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2270002066 4.71 20.56 21.69 0.05 3.25 3.15 0.02 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crawler Tractor/Dozers 2270002069 1.92 11.34 27.66 0.08 1.77 1.71 0.03 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2270002072 4.39 17.96 14.74 0.04 2.82 2.74 0.01 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Tractors 2270002075 0.25 1.66 3.55 0.01 0.22 0.21 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders 2270002078 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2270002081 0.26 1.73 3.47 0.01 0.25 0.24 0.00 0.44 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2270003010 0.03 0.11 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2270003020 0.08 0.66 0.96 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2270003030 0.04 0.16 0.49 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2270003040 0.05 0.18 0.58 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2270003050 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2270003060 0.99 5.13 10.55 0.03 0.89 0.86 0.01 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2270003070 0.05 0.25 0.61 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.45 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2270004031 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2270004036 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial) 2270004046 0.01 0.05 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial) 2270004056 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2270004066 0.01 0.06 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2270004071 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment (Commercial) 2270004076 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors 2270005010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors 2270005015 2.12 11.16 20.57 0.05 2.00 1.94 0.02 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Combines 2270005020 0.19 0.83 2.16 0.00 0.23 0.22 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 2270005025 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers 2270005030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2270005035 0.02 0.09 0.16 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP 2270005040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers 2270005045 0.02 0.09 0.15 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2270005055 0.05 0.23 0.44 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2270005060 0.03 0.11 0.28 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2270006005 0.72 2.72 5.34 0.01 0.51 0.50 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2270006010 0.16 0.64 1.27 0.00 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2270006015 0.31 1.35 3.02 0.01 0.26 0.25 0.00 0.50 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-8 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 2270006020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2270006025 0.53 2.12 1.58 0.00 0.32 0.31 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2270006030 0.02 0.08 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2270006035 0.01 0.06 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP 2270007010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder 2270007015 0.49 2.39 6.53 0.02 0.45 0.43 0.01 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2270008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Underground Mining Equipment, Other Underground Mining Equipment 2270009010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2270010010 0.16 0.70 2.56 0.01 0.12 0.11 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Outboard 2282005010 9.27 19.23 0.31 0.00 0.14 0.13 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Personal Water Craft 2282005015 2.75 8.29 0.11 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 4-Stroke, Inboard/Sterndrive 2282010005 1.16 12.18 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Inboard/Sterndrive 2282020005 0.03 0.10 0.62 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Outboard 2282020010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Diesel, Railway Maintenance 2285002015 0.15 0.64 0.81 0.00 0.11 0.10 0.00 0.50 FNSB Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Railway Maintenance 2285004015 0.06 1.33 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 FNSB Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, LPG, Railway Maintenance 2285006015 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 

FNSB Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, All 2267002000 0.13 0.47 2.23 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.00 1.00 FNSB Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Total 2270002000 0.37 3.15 6.29 0.38 1.26 1.22 0.00 1.00 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road 2260001010 22.99 22.56 0.07 0.00 0.83 0.76 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Snowmobiles 2260001020 142.34 340.85 1.31 0.10 3.26 3.00 0.03 0.93 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles 2260001030 11.30 11.62 0.03 0.00 0.40 0.37 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2260001060 0.16 2.64 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2260002006 0.11 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2260002009 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2260002021 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2260002027 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2260002039 0.24 1.29 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2260002054 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2260003030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2260003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential) 2260004015 0.03 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial) 2260004016 0.02 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Residential) 2260004020 0.35 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial) 2260004021 0.38 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Residential) 

2260004025 0.46 1.41 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Commercial) 

2260004026 0.20 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential) 2260004030 0.35 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2260004031 0.21 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential) 2260004035 0.38 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2260004036 0.06 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2260004071 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2260005035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2260006005 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2260006010 0.04 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2260006015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2260006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Chain Saws > 6 HP 2260007005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road 2265001010 1.01 9.04 0.12 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles 2265001030 10.62 84.62 1.00 0.02 0.11 0.10 0.01 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Golf Carts 2265001050 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2265001060 0.13 3.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2265002003 0.01 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2265002006 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2265002009 0.04 0.67 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2265002015 0.02 0.49 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2265002021 0.06 1.17 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2265002024 0.02 0.44 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2265002027 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2265002030 0.04 0.83 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-9 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2265002033 0.03 0.36 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2265002039 0.06 1.90 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers 2265002042 0.07 1.22 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2265002045 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2265002054 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2265002057 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2265002060 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.38 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2265002066 0.02 0.63 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2265002072 0.01 0.34 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders 2265002078 0.01 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2265002081 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2265003010 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2265003020 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2265003030 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2265003040 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2265003050 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2265003060 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2265003070 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.39 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Residential) 2265004010 2.36 22.11 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Commercial) 2265004011 0.34 3.81 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential) 2265004015 0.20 1.88 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial) 2265004016 0.19 2.24 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Residential) 

2265004025 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Commercial) 

2265004026 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential) 2265004030 0.03 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2265004031 0.11 2.80 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential) 2265004035 0.21 2.83 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2265004036 0.02 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Residential) 2265004040 0.25 3.65 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial) 2265004041 0.01 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial) 2265004046 0.02 0.51 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial) 2265004051 0.02 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Residential) 2265004055 2.46 48.66 0.57 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial) 2265004056 0.15 4.89 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2265004066 0.02 0.61 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2265004071 0.61 15.34 0.19 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment 

(Residential) 

2265004075 0.17 2.12 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment 

(Commercial) 

2265004076 0.05 0.66 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors 2265005010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors 2265005015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Combines 2265005020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 2265005025 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers 2265005030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2265005035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP 2265005040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers 2265005045 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2265005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2265005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2265006005 0.34 6.83 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2265006010 0.09 1.38 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2265006015 0.03 0.60 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2265006025 0.06 1.54 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2265006030 0.18 2.90 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2265006035 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP 2265007010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder 2265007015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2265008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2265010010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-10 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2267001060 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2267002003 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2267002015 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2267002021 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2267002024 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2267002030 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2267002033 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2267002039 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2267002045 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2267002054 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2267002057 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2267002060 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2267002066 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2267002072 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2267002081 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2267003010 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2267003020 0.04 0.82 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2267003030 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2267003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2267003050 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2267003070 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2267004066 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2267005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2267005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2267006005 0.01 0.08 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2267006010 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2267006015 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2267006025 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2267006030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2267006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, LPG, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2267008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2268002081 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2268003020 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2268003030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2268003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2268003060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2268003070 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2268005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2268005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2268006005 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2268006010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2268006015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 2268006020 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.50 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2268006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2268010010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2270001060 0.02 0.08 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2270002003 0.01 0.08 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2270002006 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2270002009 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2270002015 0.04 0.23 0.44 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Scrapers 2270002018 0.03 0.21 0.49 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2270002021 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2270002024 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2270002027 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2270002030 0.02 0.15 0.22 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2270002033 0.02 0.10 0.26 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Excavators 2270002036 0.12 0.63 1.63 0.01 0.12 0.11 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2270002039 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers 2270002042 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2270002045 0.03 0.12 0.46 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Graders 2270002048 0.03 0.14 0.41 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.44 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-11 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Trucks 2270002051 0.09 0.52 1.59 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.44 

SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2270002054 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2270002057 0.06 0.37 0.59 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2270002060 0.16 0.89 2.13 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.44 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2270002066 0.31 1.35 1.43 0.00 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crawler Tractor/Dozers 2270002069 0.13 0.75 1.82 0.01 0.12 0.11 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2270002072 0.29 1.18 0.97 0.00 0.19 0.18 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Tractors 2270002075 0.02 0.11 0.23 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders 2270002078 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2270002081 0.02 0.11 0.23 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.44 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2270003010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2270003020 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2270003030 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2270003040 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2270003050 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2270003060 0.07 0.34 0.70 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2270003070 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2270004031 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2270004036 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial) 2270004046 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial) 2270004056 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2270004066 0.01 0.04 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2270004071 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment (Commercial) 2270004076 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors 2270005010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors 2270005015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Combines 2270005020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 2270005025 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers 2270005030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2270005035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP 2270005040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers 2270005045 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2270005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2270005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2270006005 0.02 0.07 0.15 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2270006010 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2270006015 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.50 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 2270006020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2270006025 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2270006030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2270006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP 2270007010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder 2270007015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2270008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Underground Mining Equipment, Other Underground Mining Equipment 2270009010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2270010010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Outboard 2282005010 27.65 57.36 0.92 0.01 0.43 0.40 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Personal Water Craft 2282005015 8.21 24.73 0.33 0.01 0.15 0.14 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 4-Stroke, Inboard/Sterndrive 2282010005 3.45 36.31 2.69 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Inboard/Sterndrive 2282020005 0.08 0.31 1.84 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Outboard 2282020010 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Diesel, Railway Maintenance 2285002015 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.50 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Railway Maintenance 2285004015 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 SE Fairbanks Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, LPG, Railway Maintenance 2285006015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road 2260001010 5.92 5.76 0.02 0.00 0.21 0.20 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Snowmobiles 2260001020 111.75 267.44 0.96 0.07 2.54 2.34 0.03 0.93 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles 2260001030 2.94 2.96 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2260001060 0.04 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2260002006 0.22 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2260002009 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2260002021 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-12 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2260002027 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2260002039 0.48 2.58 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2260002054 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2260003030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2260003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential) 2260004015 0.03 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial) 2260004016 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Residential) 2260004020 0.30 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial) 2260004021 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Residential) 

2260004025 0.41 1.23 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Commercial) 

2260004026 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential) 2260004030 0.31 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2260004031 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential) 2260004035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2260004036 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2260004071 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2260005035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2260006005 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2260006010 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2260006015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2260006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 2-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Chain Saws > 6 HP 2260007005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Motorcycles: Off-road 2265001010 0.26 2.31 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, All Terrain Vehicles 2265001030 2.72 21.50 0.26 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Golf Carts 2265001050 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2265001060 0.04 0.80 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2265002003 0.02 0.56 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2265002006 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2265002009 0.09 1.35 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2265002015 0.03 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2265002021 0.12 2.38 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2265002024 0.04 0.88 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2265002027 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2265002030 0.08 1.68 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2265002033 0.06 0.73 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2265002039 0.13 3.81 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers 2265002042 0.15 2.52 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2265002045 0.01 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2265002054 0.01 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2265002057 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2265002060 0.01 0.25 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.38 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2265002066 0.04 1.27 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2265002072 0.03 0.69 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders 2265002078 0.02 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2265002081 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2265003010 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2265003020 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2265003030 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2265003040 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2265003050 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2265003060 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2265003070 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.39 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Residential) 2265004010 2.06 19.37 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn Mowers (Commercial) 2265004011 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Residential) 2265004015 0.19 1.74 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial) 2265004016 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Residential) 

2265004025 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters 

(Commercial) 

2265004026 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-13 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Residential) 2265004030 0.02 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2265004031 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Residential) 2265004035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2265004036 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Residential) 2265004040 0.23 3.38 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial) 2265004041 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial) 2265004046 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial) 2265004051 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Residential) 2265004055 2.27 44.97 0.52 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial) 2265004056 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2265004066 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2265004071 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment 

(Residential) 

2265004075 0.16 1.99 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment 

(Commercial) 

2265004076 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors 2265005010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors 2265005015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Combines 2265005020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 2265005025 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers 2265005030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2265005035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP 2265005040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers 2265005045 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2265005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2265005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2265006005 0.13 2.63 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2265006010 0.03 0.52 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2265006015 0.01 0.23 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2265006025 0.02 0.58 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2265006030 0.07 1.10 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2265006035 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP 2265007010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder 2265007015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2265008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2265010010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2267001060 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2267002003 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2267002015 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2267002021 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2267002024 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2267002030 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2267002033 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2267002039 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2267002045 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2267002054 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2267002057 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2267002060 0.00 0.09 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2267002066 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2267002072 0.00 0.08 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2267002081 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2267003010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2267003020 0.01 0.22 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2267003030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2267003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2267003050 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2267003070 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2267004066 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2267005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2267005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2267006005 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2267006010 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-14 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2267006015 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2267006025 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2267006030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2267006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, LPG, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2267008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2268002081 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2268003020 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2268003030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2268003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2268003060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2268003070 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2268005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2268005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2268006005 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2268006010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2268006015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 2268006020 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.50 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2268006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, CNG, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2268010010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Recreational Equipment, Specialty Vehicles/Carts 2270001060 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Pavers 2270002003 0.03 0.17 0.38 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tampers/Rammers 2270002006 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Plate Compactors 2270002009 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rollers 2270002015 0.09 0.51 0.96 0.00 0.09 0.08 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Scrapers 2270002018 0.06 0.47 1.08 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Paving Equipment 2270002021 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Surfacing Equipment 2270002024 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Signal Boards/Light Plants 2270002027 0.02 0.07 0.12 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Trenchers 2270002030 0.05 0.33 0.48 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Bore/Drill Rigs 2270002033 0.06 0.23 0.61 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Excavators 2270002036 0.27 1.37 3.55 0.01 0.25 0.24 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Concrete/Industrial Saws 2270002039 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cement and Mortar Mixers 2270002042 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Cranes 2270002045 0.07 0.26 1.03 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Graders 2270002048 0.07 0.31 0.90 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.44 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Trucks 2270002051 0.19 1.14 3.43 0.01 0.17 0.16 0.00 0.44 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crushing/Processing Equipment 2270002054 0.01 0.07 0.19 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rough Terrain Forklifts 2270002057 0.13 0.82 1.29 0.00 0.14 0.13 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Rubber Tire Loaders 2270002060 0.35 2.02 4.74 0.01 0.33 0.32 0.00 0.44 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2270002066 0.72 3.08 3.22 0.01 0.50 0.48 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Crawler Tractor/Dozers 2270002069 0.28 1.65 4.00 0.01 0.26 0.25 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Skid Steer Loaders 2270002072 0.69 2.73 2.19 0.01 0.44 0.43 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Off-highway Tractors 2270002075 0.04 0.25 0.52 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Dumpers/Tenders 2270002078 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Construction and Mining Equipment, Other Construction Equipment 2270002081 0.04 0.27 0.52 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.44 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Aerial Lifts 2270003010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Forklifts 2270003020 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Sweepers/Scrubbers 2270003030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other General Industrial Equipment 2270003040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Material Handling Equipment 2270003050 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, AC\Refrigeration 2270003060 0.06 0.31 0.64 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Terminal Tractors 2270003070 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.45 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial) 2270004031 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Snowblowers (Commercial) 2270004036 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Front Mowers (Commercial) 2270004046 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial) 2270004056 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial) 2270004066 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Turf Equipment (Commercial) 2270004071 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Lawn and Garden Equipment, Other Lawn and Garden Equipment (Commercial) 2270004076 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, 2-Wheel Tractors 2270005010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Tractors 2270005015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY 

Attachment D-15 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Combines 2270005020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Balers 2270005025 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Agricultural Mowers 2270005030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Sprayers 2270005035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Tillers > 6 HP 2270005040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Swathers 2270005045 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Other Agricultural Equipment 2270005055 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Agricultural Equipment, Irrigation Sets 2270005060 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Generator Sets 2270006005 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pumps 2270006010 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Air Compressors 2270006015 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Gas Compressors 2270006020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Welders 2270006025 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Pressure Washers 2270006030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Commercial Equipment, Hydro-power Units 2270006035 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Shredders > 6 HP 2270007010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Logging Equipment, Forest Eqp - Feller/Bunch/Skidder 2270007015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Airport Ground Support Equipment, Airport Ground Support Equipment 2270008005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Underground Mining Equipment, Other Underground Mining Equipment 2270009010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Off-highway Vehicle Diesel, Industrial Equipment, Other Oil Field Equipment 2270010010 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Outboard 2282005010 171.92 348.26 5.03 0.08 2.72 2.51 0.03 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 2-Stroke, Personal Water Craft 2282005015 50.66 146.55 1.89 0.03 0.95 0.88 0.01 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Gasoline 4-Stroke, Inboard/Sterndrive 2282010005 20.69 225.76 15.29 0.06 0.11 0.10 0.02 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Inboard/Sterndrive 2282020005 0.46 1.94 11.62 0.03 0.23 0.22 0.01 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Pleasure Craft, Diesel, Outboard 2282020010 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Diesel, Railway Maintenance 2285002015 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.50 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, Gasoline, 4-Stroke, Railway Maintenance 2285004015 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 Yukon-Koyukuk Mobile Sources, Railroad Equipment, LPG, Railway Maintenance 2285006015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 
EMISSIONS INVENTORY Attachment D 

Attachment D-16 
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Attachment E

Control Measure Calculations
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<< To be completed >> 
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