U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

ANNUAL REPORT ON

FAIR 

HOUSING

Fiscal Year 2011
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

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FY 2011

FY2011 

Annual Report on Fair 

Housing

 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

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FY 2011

Table of Contents 

State of Fair Housing ................................................................................................................................................ 8

HUD and FHAP Enforcement of the Fair Housing Act ............................................................................................ 16

Housing Discrimination Complaints ................................................................................................................... 17

Chart 1: Complaints Filed with HUD and FHAP Agencies (FY 2008-FY 2011) ............................................... 18

Bases of Complaints ........................................................................................................................................... 18

Table 1: Bases of HUD and FHAP Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) ................................................................. 19

Table 2: Bases of HUD Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) .................................................................................. 21

Table 3: Bases of FHAP Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) ................................................................................. 22

Issues in Complaints ........................................................................................................................................... 22

Table 4: Issues in HUD and FHAP Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) ................................................................. 23

Table 5: Issues in HUD Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) ................................................................................. 24

Table 6: Issues in FHAP Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) ................................................................................ 26

Compliance with Notice Requirements ............................................................................................................. 26

Complaint Closures ............................................................................................................................................ 27

Chart 2: HUD and FHAP Complaints Closed (FY 2008-FY 2011) .................................................................... 28

Chart 3: HUD and FHAP Complaint Outcomes, by Type (FY 2008-FY 2011),................................................ 29

Chart 4: HUD Complaint Outcomes, by Type (FY 2008-FY 2011) .................................................................. 30

Chart 5: FHAP Complaint Outcomes, by Type (FY 2008-FY 2011) ................................................................ 31

Timeliness of Investigations ............................................................................................................................... 31

Chart 6: HUD and FHAP Newly Aged Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) ........................................................... 32

Adjudicating Fair Housing Act Complaints ......................................................................................................... 32

Table 7: Fair Housing Act Caseload (FY 2011) ............................................................................................... 33

Table 8: Administrative Outcomes as of September 30, 2011 (FY 2011) ..................................................... 33

Table 9: Post-Charge Consent Orders (FY 2011) ........................................................................................... 34

Commencement of Administrative Hearings..................................................................................................... 34

Issuance of ALJ Decisions ................................................................................................................................... 34

Table 10: ALJ Decisions (FY 2011) ................................................................................................................. 35

Cases Elected to DOJ .......................................................................................................................................... 35

Table 11: Outcomes of Cases Elected to DOJ (FY 2011) ............................................................................... 35

Secretary-Initiated Enforcement ....................................................................................................................... 37

Secretary-Initiated Complaints .......................................................................................................................... 37

Table 12: Bases of Secretary-Initiated Complaints (FY 2011) ....................................................................... 37

Secretary-Initiated Complaints Closed............................................................................................................... 39

Table 13: Secretary-Initiated Complaints Closed (FY 2011) .......................................................................... 39

The Fair Housing Initiatives Program ..................................................................................................................... 42
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FY 2011

Private Enforcement Initiative (PEI) ................................................................................................................... 42

Education and Outreach Initiative (EOI) ............................................................................................................ 43

Fair Housing Organizations Initiative (FHOI) ...................................................................................................... 44

FHIP Grant Awards ............................................................................................................................................. 45

Table 14: FHIP NOFA Awards (FY 2008-FY 2011) .......................................................................................... 45

Table 15: Funds Distributed Through the FHIP NOFA (FY 2008-FY 2011) ..................................................... 45

Oversight of Recipients of HUD Funds ................................................................................................................... 46

Complaints against Recipients of HUD Funds .................................................................................................... 46

Table 16: Complaints Against Recipients of HUD Funds (FY 2011) ............................................................... 47

Compliance Reviews of Recipients of HUD Funds ............................................................................................. 47

Table 17: Compliance Reviews of Recipients of HUD Funds (FY 2011) ........................................................ 47

Section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 ............................................................................ 48

Appendix A: Fair Housing Assistance Program (FHAP) ......................................................................................... 51

Agencies, by State, FY 2011 ................................................................................................................................... 51

Appendix B: HUD and FHAP Complaints, by State ................................................................................................ 54

(FY 2011) ................................................................................................................................................................ 54

Appendix C: Fair Housing Initiatives Program (FHIP) Grants, FY 2011 .................................................................. 56

The Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Action Center, Inc., (GNOFHAC) will perform fair housing enforcement 

activities including the intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. 

GNOFHAC also will conduct complaint-based and systemic testing of housing providers for unlawful 

discrimination. ................................................................................................................................................... 65

Appendix D: Fair Housing and Civil Rights in HUD Programs ................................................................................ 82

HUD Reporting Responsibilities ......................................................................................................................... 82

Racial and Ethnic Categories .............................................................................................................................. 82

Federal Housing Administration ........................................................................................................................ 82

Table D.1: Protected Characteristics of Mortgagors who Obtained FHA-Insured Single-Family Home 

Purchase Loans or FHA-Insured Single-Family Refinanced Loans, FY 2011 ................................................... 83

Multifamily Subsidized Housing Programs .................................................................................................... 84

Direct Loans ....................................................................................................................................................... 85

Multifamily/FHA Housing Programs .................................................................................................................. 87

Table D.3: Protected Characteristics of Households Provided with Housing Assistance through Mortgage 

Insurance and Mortgage Interest Rate Subsidies, for the 18-Month Period Ending September 30, 2011 ... 88

Housing Counseling Assistance Program ........................................................................................................... 89

Table D.4: Protected Characteristics of Households that Participated in HUD-Funded Housing Counseling 

Programs, FY 2011 ......................................................................................................................................... 89

Continuum of Care ............................................................................................................................................. 90

Supportive Housing Program ............................................................................................................................. 90

Shelter Plus Care Program ................................................................................................................................. 90
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FY 2011

Single Room Occupancy Program ...................................................................................................................... 90

Table D.5: Protected Characteristics of Participants in Homeless Assistance Continuum of Care Programs, 

FY 2010 ........................................................................................................................................................... 91

HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) ............................................................................................ 91

Table D.6: Protected Characteristics of Beneficiaries of the HOME Investment Partnerships Program, FY 

2011 ............................................................................................................................................................... 92

Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) ................................................................................................. 92

Table D.7: Protected Characteristics of Beneficiaries of CDBG’s Owner-Occupied Housing Rehabilitation, 

Rental Housing Rehabilitation, and Homeownership Assistance Programs, FY 2011 ................................... 93

Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA) ................................................................................... 93

Table D.8: Protected Characteristics of Persons Provided with Housing Assistance through HOPWA 

Formula Grants and Competitive Grants, 2010-2011 Program Year ............................................................. 94

Housing Choice Vouchers .................................................................................................................................. 95

The Housing Choice Voucher program is authorized by the U.S. Housing Act of 1937 to provide rental 

subsidies to low- and very-low income families to help them afford decent, safe, and sanitary housing in the 

private market. The participant pays the difference between the subsidy and the rent charged by the 

landlord. Under certain circumstances, a participant may use his or her voucher to purchase a home. ........ 95

Public Housing .................................................................................................................................................... 95

Table D.9: Protected Characteristics of Beneficiaries of the Housing Choice Voucher Program, the Public 

Housing Program, and the Moderate Rehabilitation Program, for the 18-Month Period Ending 

September 30, 2011 ....................................................................................................................................... 96

Community Development Block Grant-Recovery (CDBG-R).......................................................................... 97
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About This Report 

This report was prepared in accordance with Sections 808(e)(2) and (6) of the Fair Housing Act and 

Section 561(j) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987. These statutes require the Secretary 

of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to report annually to Congress on several aspects of HUD’s work in 

fair housing. In particular: 

 Section 808(e)(2) of the Fair Housing Act directs HUD to report on the “nature and extent of 

progress made nationally in eliminating discriminatory housing practices and furthering the 

purposes of [the Fair Housing Act], obstacles remaining to achieving equal housing opportunity, 

and recommendations for further legislative or executive action.” It also directs HUD to report on 

the number of instances in which steps in the complaint process—including investigating a 

complaint, making a determination of cause, commencing an administrative hearing, or issuing a 

decision—were not completed as prescribed by law. 

 Section 808(e)(6) of the Fair Housing Act requires that HUD annually report data to Congress on the 

race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, and family characteristics of persons and 

households who are applicants for, participants in, or beneficiaries or potential beneficiaries of 

programs administered by HUD, to the extent that such characteristics are within the coverage of 

the provisions of the civil rights laws and executive orders listed in Section 808(f). 

 Section 561(j) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987 requires HUD to report on 

the progress made in accomplishing the objectives of the Fair Housing Initiatives Program, including 

a summary of enforcement, education, and outreach activities funded under the program. 

This report provides information on the foregoing activities for the period beginning October 1, 2010, 

and ending September 30, 2011. 
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FY 2011

A Message from the Assistant Secretary 

To the Congress of the United States: 

I am proud to present the FY 2011 Annual Report on Fair Housing. 

This report shines a light on the ongoing problem of housing discrimination 

and the progress we have made to ensure that all individuals are able to fully 

exercise their rights under the Fair Housing Act. In FY 2011, we issued the 

largest number of charges of discrimination since FY 2002, despite having 25 

percent less staff. 

In FY 2011, HUD and FHAP agencies obtained more than $11 million 

in monetary compensation for victims of housing discrimination, in addition to 

a broad range of housing and public interest relief. This relief included making 

housing opportunities available, making reasonable accommodations for 

persons with disabilities, and modifying applicant and tenant policies so that 

they comply with fair housing laws. Additionally, the U.S. Department of Justice 

recovered more than $2 million in damages and civil penalties in Fair Housing 

Act cases that were investigated and charged by HUD. 

Our efforts and the efforts of our partners—state and local government agencies funded under our Fair 

Housing Assistance Program (FHAP) and private fair housing groups funded under our Fair Housing Initiatives 

Program (FHIP)—have helped numerous individuals throughout the country. For example, in February 2011, 

the Fair Housing Council of Suburban Philadelphia (FHCSP), a FHIP-funded group, helped obtain a $20,000 

settlement for a single mother and her daughter in Pennsylvania after they were allegedly denied an apartment 

because the landlord refused to rent to families with children. Because of the landlord’s alleged discrimination, 

the family was forced to live temporarily in a shelter. The mother initially contacted FHCSP, which conducted a 

preliminary investigation and assisted her with filing a complaint with HUD. In another case, in July 2011, one 

of our FHAP agencies helped an Arizona-based Egyptian Arab Muslim couple that was allegedly harassed by 

their apartment manager because of their race, national origin, and religion. At one point, the apartment 

manager allegedly told them, “If you don’t like it here, go back to wherever you came from.” The Arizona 

Attorney General’s Office, a FHAP agency, was able to obtain a $197,000 settlement in this case. 

In addition to responding to individual complaints of discrimination, we have taken strong and swift 

action to address discriminatory policies and practices before receiving complaints. For example, after The 

New York Times published an article in July 2010 that alleged that some mortgage lenders may be denying 

credit to borrowers because they were pregnant or on maternity leave, we initiated an investigation of 

Cornerstone Mortgage Company, a national lender based in Houston. In May 2011, we were able to reach an 

agreement to resolve this case. Under the terms of the agreement, Cornerstone Mortgage Company provided 

$15,000 to the woman who was the subject of the article and create a $750,000 fund to compensate other 

borrowers whose loans were detrimentally impacted because of pregnancy or maternity leave status. Just as 

importantly, Cornerstone Mortgage Company adopted a new policy clarifying that its home loan products will 

be available regardless of pregnancy or maternity leave status. In FY 2011, we investigated similar complaints 

against other mortgage lenders, which led to settlements in FY 2012. In all cases, we worked to obtain relief for 

the alleged victim and similarly situated individuals as well as changes in company policy. 

John D. Trasviña, Assistant 

Secretary for Fair Housing and 

Equal Opportunity
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FY 2011

In FY 2011, we also made great strides in ensuring that our own housing and lending programs are 

open to persons who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT). As the nation’s housing agency, HUD 

determined it was imperative to respond to mounting evidence of housing discrimination against gays and 

lesbians and significant levels of housing instability for transgender people. On January 24, 2011, HUD 

published a proposed rule that provides equal access to its housing and lending programs regardless of sexual 

orientation, gender identity, or marital status. I am proud to report that this rule has been finalized and went 

into effect on March 5, 2012. While this rule protects LGBT persons in HUD-assisted or HUD-insured housing, 

LGBT persons lack adequate protection in other types of housing because sexual orientation and gender 

identity are not prohibited bases for discrimination under the Fair Housing Act. 

HUD also recognizes that its mandate includes more than responding to individual acts of 

discrimination, but requires HUD to ensure that its programs and activities are conducted in a manner that 

fosters inclusive, sustainable communities. In FY 2011, we took measures to assist HUD-funded communities in 

meeting their obligation to affirmatively further the purposes of the Fair Housing Act as a condition of receiving 

funding. HUD reviewed plans, provided technical assistance, and, when necessary, took steps to disapprove 

funding applications. Communities that were the subject of HUD actions included Westchester County, New 

York; St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana; and the City of Joliet, Illinois. 

To further HUD’s mission to improve communities, we fostered local economic development and 

individual self-sufficiency in low-income communities, in accordance with Section 3 of the Housing and Urban 

Development Act. Section 3 requires that recipients of certain types of HUD financial assistance, to the 

greatest extent feasible, direct employment and other economic opportunities to low- and very low-income 

persons and to businesses that employ them. In FY 2011, HUD launched several initiatives to improve 

compliance with Section 3, including awarding $600,000 for the hiring of local Section 3 coordinators at state 

and local governments and public housing agencies in ten states. 

These are just a few examples of our efforts to address discrimination, affirmatively further fair housing, 

and promote economic opportunities throughout the country. The Department is committed to promoting fair 

housing and equal opportunity and will work to ensure that its programs and activities promote inclusive and 

sustainable communities across the country. 

 Sincerely, 

 John Trasviña 

 Assistant Secretary for the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity 
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FY 2011

State of Fair Housing 

In FY 2011, HUD took historic measures to provide access to housing free from discrimination and 

create communities of opportunity. The Department aggressively enforced fair housing laws, bringing groundbreaking cases that have a broad, systemic impact. HUD also took transformative measures to expand access 

to its programs for persons who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) and facilitate access for 

persons who, as a result of national origin, have limited English proficiency (LEP). Additionally, HUD used its 

housing and community development programs as a platform to create equal opportunities. For instance, HUD 

took legal action when it received evidence that HUD-funded entities were not meeting their obligation to 

affirmatively further fair housing and launched several initiatives to improve compliance with the hiring and 

contracting requirements of Section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968. 

 In FY 2011, fair housing enforcement by HUD and state and local agencies funded through the Fair 

Housing Assistance Program (FHAP) included completing work on 9,625 housing discrimination complaints. Out 

of these cases, 3,739 cases, or 39 percent, were charged or settled. HUD charged the highest number of cases 

(55) in a single year since FY 2002, despite a 25 percent reduction in its fair housing staff during the previous 

two years. In addition, FHAP agencies found reasonable cause to believe discrimination occurred in 559 cases. 

 

While pursuing individual complaints filed by the public, the Department also stepped up efforts to 

investigate large-scale discrimination. In FY 2011, HUD filed 8 Secretary-initiated complaints and charged or 

reached settlements in 7 Secretary-initiated cases. Further, HUD has devoted time and resources to 

investigating complaints received from the public alleging systemic abuses observed across communities and 

industries. 

In an effort to address discrimination on a community-wide scale, the Department settled two large 

cases of alleged redlining, where lenders allegedly failed to locate branches or provide equal lending services in 

neighborhoods of color. 

In December 2010, HUD approved the settlement of a complaint alleging illegal redlining that the 

Metropolitan St. Louis Equal Housing Opportunity Council (EHOC) – a grantee in the Department’s Fair Housing 

Initiatives Program (FHIP) – filed against First National Bank of St. Louis and Central Bancompany. EHOC alleged 

that First National Bank of St. Louis designated its Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) assessment areas in a 

manner excluding areas of high minority concentration, and failed to market products to African Americans or 

in African American communities. Further, EHOC alleged that the First National Bank of St. Louis denied loans 

to black applicants at a rate five times higher than for white applicants. EHOC received $100,000 in the 

settlement and the bank agreed to revise its assessment areas to include areas of minority concentration. In 

addition, First National Bank of St. Louis agreed to invest more than $2.5 million over four years in minority and 

low-income communities in St. Louis, Missouri; North St. Louis County, Missouri; and St. Clair County, 

Illinois. This includes opening a new branch in a majority African-American census tract, making Spanishlanguage services available in all branches, conducting targeted advertising to African-Americans and Hispanics, 

providing community development loans and investments, subsidizing mortgage loans to residents of majorityminority areas, and providing credit counseling and financial literacy training. 

Similarly, in September 2011, HUD approved EHOC’s settlement of its redlining allegations against 

Enterprise Bank and Trust, in St. Louis, Missouri. EHOC alleged that the Enterprise Bank and Trust designated 

its assessment areas in a discriminatory manner excluding areas of high minority concentration, failed to 

market products to African-Americans and Hispanics, and approved black and Hispanic applicants for 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

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FY 2011

residential mortgages at lower rates than white applicants. EHOC received $112,500 in the settlement and 

Enterprise Bank and Trust revised its St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri, assessment areas to include areas of 

minority concentration. The bank also agreed to invest $3 million over three years in St. Louis, Kansas City, and 

Arizona. This investment includes opening a new branch in a majority-minority census tract in St. Louis, 

providing discounted residential real estate loans in majority-minority census tracts in St. Louis, financially 

supporting a minority-owned bank in the Kansas City metropolitan area, conducting targeted advertising to 

African-Americans and Hispanics, and funding a line of credit to cover costs incurred by non-profit 

organizations during the early stages of real estate development projects. 

 

 In 2011, the Department also took aggressive action against banks that refused to lend to, or had 

different policies and procedures for, women who are pregnant, obtaining child custody, or on parental leave. 

Such policies violate the Fair Housing Act’s prohibitions against discrimination based on sex or familial status. 

Beginning in July 2010, HUD launched multiple such investigations leading HUD in FY 2011 to settle or charge 

some of the first federal cases addressing denials of home mortgage loans to pregnant women and parents on 

parental leave. 

In May 2011, HUD reached a landmark settlement with Cornerstone Mortgage Company 

(“Cornerstone”) to resolve allegations that Cornerstone revoked its approval of a mortgage to a doctor after 

learning that she was on paid maternity leave, even though she planned to return to work. Under the 

settlement, Cornerstone agreed to pay $15,000 to the complainant, establish a $750,000 victims’ fund, and 

adopt a new non-discriminatory policy on treating applicants who are on parental leave when they apply for a 

loan. 

In addition to diligently enforcing fair housing law, the Department took measures to carry out its 

charge as the nation's housing agency to provide decent housing and a suitable living environment for all. 

Troubled by the mounting evidence that persons who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) 

experience significant levels of housing discrimination but have no recourse under federal law, on January 24, 

2011, HUD published a proposed rule intended to ensure equal access to its housing and mortgage insurance 

programs for persons who are LGBT. The rule requires that HUD assisted and HUD-insured housing be made 

available without regard to actual or perceived sexual orientation, gender identity, or marital status. In addition, 

the rule prohibits owners or administrators of HUD-assisted or HUD-insured housing, approved FHA lenders 

and recipients of HUD funds from inquiring about an applicant or participant’s sexual orientation or gender 

identity for the purpose of determining eligibility or otherwise making housing available. The same applies to 

lenders when making mortgage loans that are insured by the Federal Housing Administration. HUD published 

the final rule on February 3, 2012, and the rule went into effect on March 5, 2012. 

Further, HUD has taken steps to reinforce state and local fair housing laws that extend legal protections 

to LGBT persons. Since FY 2010, HUD has banned entities in violation of state and local laws against housing 

discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity from receiving funding through its 

competitive grant programs. 

Also, in June 2010, the Department issued guidance to its fair housing staff, explaining that LGBT 

persons who allege housing discrimination because of non-conformity with gender stereotypes may have a Fair 

Housing Act claim based on sex. In FY 2011, HUD accepted and proceeded with enforcement efforts on 65 such 

complaints, over twice as many as in years prior to the guidance. HUD has also engaged in a variety of activities 

to raise awareness of housing discrimination against LGBT persons, including developing online and print 

advertisements and maintaining a website on the fair housing rights of LGBT persons. Access the FHEO help 

desk at LGBTfairhousing@hud.gov. 
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FY 2011

We also took actions to promote understanding of housing discrimination protections to promote 

equal access to housing and to address issues of stigma. 

HUDs Office of Policy Development and Research is also compiling results from a national study on 

LGBT housing discrimination. HUD sponsored discussions with stakeholders at LGBT Elder Housing Summit 

December 7, 2011, and participated in sharing information at the White House LGBT Conference on Housing 

and Homelessness on March 9, 2012, including a focus on runaway and at-risk youth. 

HUD's Office of HUV/AIDS Housing, the Baltimore Field Office and HUD's Center for Faith Based and 

Neighborhood Partnerships housed a roundtable on August 3, 2011, with the US Department of Justice's Civil 

Rights Division, the Department of Health and Human Services, fair and community-based organizations, AIDS 

service providers and affordable housing developers to discuss how communities can respond to stigma and 

discrimination and other barriers that create housing needs for people living with HIV/AIDS. Event information 

is shared in a video posted on HUD FBNP webpage, and DOJ information on discrimination protections can be 

found at www.ada.gov/AIDS. 

HUD's Office of Community Planning and Development and Office of Public and Indian Housing also 

issued joint guidance on September 20, 2011, Promoting Partnerships to Utilize Housing as a Platform for 

Improving Quality of Life (Notice PIH-2011-51/CPD-2011-09), to be used as a resource tool by housing and 

community development agencies. The information supports actions to expand partnerships with local 

housing authorities to promote cost-effective collaboration on affordable housing to reduce risks of 

homelessness, assist with post-incarceration re-entry support and facilitate better coordination with services 

needed by HUD programs 

In 2011, the Department worked on multiple fronts to ensure all people would access its programs. To 

assist persons with limited English proficiency (LEP), HUD awarded $650,000 in grants to community-based 

organizations to provide assistance to persons with LEP in their native languages, including designing and 

developing training tools regarding HUD programs, publicizing assistance available to LEP communities, and 

printing and distributing fair housing materials. In addition, HUD has translated key housing documents in up 

to 19 languages and posted them on its website. Finally, in 2012, HUD launched the HUD Language Line, a live 

telephone interpretation service that will allow HUD staff to converse with the public in almost every language. 

In recent years, HUD has recognized the need for increased outreach to better address national origin 

discrimination. Studies show that Hispanics experience rental or sales discrimination more than 20 percent of 

the time that they are searching for a home, but these complaints only make up 8 percent of complaints. HUD 

has conducted a series of educational workshops designed to provide fair housing training specific to national 

origin discrimination. These events also provide an invaluable and unique opportunity to connect state and 

local civil rights agencies, fair housing advocates, immigrant advocates, and community leaders. In FY 2011, the 

Department held events in seven cities: Fresno, California; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Las Vegas, Nevada; Omaha, 

Nebraska; Charlotte, North Carolina; Lancaster, Pennsylvania; and Washington, D.C. These meetings have 

strengthened HUD’s relationship with community organizations that work with and are trusted by immigrant 

populations, and have helped those organizations recognize and report discrimination in the communities they 

serve. 

 Finally, the Department worked to transform equal opportunity throughout HUD's programs. These 

efforts concentrated principally in two areas – the obligation to affirmatively furthering fair housing (AFFH) and 

Section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968. 
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FY 2011

The AFFH obligation – which comes from the Fair Housing Act, the Housing and Community 

Development Act of 1974, and other authorities – requires HUD-funded entities to affirmatively further the 

purposes and policies of the Fair Housing Act. In order to carry out their AFFH responsibilities, many HUDfunded entities must conduct an Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing (AI).

In 2011, the Department took action against communities that had not met their AFFH obligation. For 

example, in May 2011, HUD rejected an AI submitted by the City of Joliet, Illinois, as incomplete and inaccurate, 

in part because the City had repeatedly sought to limit the availability of multi-family housing that would serve 

African Americans residents. Specifically, the city had taken steps to take one of the few multi-family housing 

properties in the city by eminent domain, and had engaged in rezoning parts of the city in a manner restricting 

multi-family housing development. The rejected AFFH certification provided grounds for HUD to disapprove 

the city’s application for Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds. In August 2011, the U.S. 

Department of Justice filed a Fair Housing Act lawsuit against Joliet. 

 

 HUD also continued to hold Westchester County, New York, to the obligation to affirmatively further 

fair housing. In 2009, Westchester County settled a False Claims Act lawsuit that alleged that it had made false 

claims to the federal government when it certified that it was affirmatively furthering fair housing – a 

requirement to receive CDBG funds. In the resulting consent decree, the County agreed, among other things, 

to submit an AI acceptable to HUD, promote local legislation banning housing discrimination based on source of 

income, and to fully identify and address exclusionary zoning practices within the county. In July 2011, after 

repeated unsuccessful efforts to encourage the County to comply with the consent decree, HUD rejected 

Westchester County’s Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice and FY 2011 Action Plan because the 

County Executive failed to meet its AFFH obligations under the Settlement. Consequently, HUD disapproved the 

County’s application for CDBG funding. In November 2011, the Court-appointed monitor overseeing the 

implementation of the consent decree found Westchester County in violation of the consent decree on the 

same issues identified by HUD. In May 2012, a federal court ruled in the Government’s favor on the question 

of whether the County Executive’s veto of source-of-income antidiscrimination legislation violated the 

requirement of the 2009 Consent Decree. 

In conjunction with enforcement, HUD is assisting communities in meeting their AFFH obligation by 

providing technical assistance to Sustainable Communities Initiative (SCI) grantees in preparing their Regional 

Analyses of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice. The Fair Housing and Equity Assessment (FHEA) requirement 

of the SCI grant program requires grantees to assess segregation, racial and ethnic concentrations of poverty, 

access to opportunity, public investments, and fair housing in their regions. Secretary Donovan encouraged SCI 

grantees to undertake Regional Analyses of Impediments (AIs), marginally more extensive than FHEAs, which 

would fulfill their regional FHEA obligation under the SCI program, as well as the individual jurisdictions’ local AI 

obligations under HUD regulations. 

 Finally, HUD is developing a new AFFH rule that will establish clearer standards for compliance and 

provide HUD grantees with more effective means to affirmatively further fair housing. The rule represents a 

more rigorous approach to enforcing the AFFH obligation. 

The Department's second key initiative to promote equal opportunity in communities is the Section 3 

program. In FY 2011, HUD worked to improve compliance with Section 3 of the Housing and Urban 

Development Act of 1968, which requires that, to the greatest extent feasible, employment and other 

economic opportunities generated by certain HUD financial assistance be directed to low- and very-low income 

persons and to businesses that provide economic opportunities to these persons. In FY 2011, HUD financial 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

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FY 2011

assistance created 41,969 new jobs, of which 16,065 or 38% went to low and very low income persons. This is 

eight percentage points higher than the regulation's minimum goal of 30 percent. 

During FY 2011, HUD implemented a number of new initiatives that addressed the issues that emerged 

from the Section 3 Listening Forum in August 2010. Specifically, HUD awarded twelve recipients $50,000 each 

to hire Section 3 coordinators for one year. The recipients’ Section 3 coordinators will be responsible for 

building the capacity of the recipient to hire low-income individuals and public housing residents and contract 

with businesses that employ them. 

In addition, HUD took steps to make it easier for its recipients to contract with Section 3 business 

concerns. On January 20, 2011, HUD published in the Federal Register its proposed Section 3 Business Registry 

and, on January 18, 2012, launched a six-month pilot program for the business registry in five metropolitan 

areas: Los Angeles, California; New Orleans, Louisiana; Miami, Florida; Detroit, Michigan; and Washington, D.C. 

The Section 3 Business Registry will offer a searchable online database that housing authorities, local 

government agencies, and others can use to target firms that have self-certified their status as Section 3 

businesses for HUD-funded contracting opportunities to help them meet the regulatory requirement to award 

a share of their construction and non-construction contracts to firms that hire low-income residents. As of July 

2012, almost 500 companies registered in the five pilot cities. 

In FY 2011, HUD took historic measures to address the various forms of housing discrimination that 

occur in our society including groundbreaking enforcement activities. Despite these important efforts, the 

Department recognizes that its mandate includes more than remedying individual acts of discrimination. We 

understand that significant challenges remain in making access to housing free from discrimination a reality for 

all. As we move forward, we reaffirm our pledge to continue the unfinished work of ending housing 

discrimination in America. 
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FY 2011

Live Free Campaign

In April 2011, HUD announced its launch of a national media campaign, entitled “Live Free,” to educate 

the public and housing providers about their fair housing rights and responsibilities. The “Live Free” campaign 

drew attention to different types of housing discrimination, including discrimination on the basis of race, national 

origin, sex, disability, and familial status. Additionally, the campaign included advertisements to raise awareness 

of discrimination against persons who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT). 

In FY 2011, the “Live Free” campaign placed 87 fair housing advertisements in 45 publications in 34 cities 

throughout the country. The “Live Free” campaign also used electronic, and social media. To view the print 

advertisements, go to http://www.hud.gov/fairhousing.
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FY 2011

National Fair Housing Collegiate Partnership Campaign

In January 2010, HUD launched a first-of-its-kind national fair

housing collegiate partnership campaign to help educate college and

university students about their fair housing rights and encourage 

them to consider public service as a career. Through this campaign,

HUD has partnered with five colleges and universities. Tennessee 

State University and Clark Atlanta University joined the campaign

in FY 2010 and Kentucky State University , Miami Dade College, and 

Rio Hondo College joined the campaign in FY 2011. 

The HUD-Kentucky State University partnership will develop

a curriculum designed to train students who are interested in 

pursuing careers in civil rights and fair housing. Similarly, the HUDMiami Dade College partnership will promote public service as a career

goal through education and outreach activities. The HUD-Rio Hondo 

College partnership also will provide classroom training on fair 

housing. In addition, HUD and Rio Hondo College will partner with 

the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing, a Fair 

Housing Assistance Program (FHAP) agency, to provide internships 

and community service opportunities for students. 

The campaign will work to raise awareness of fair 

housing among students by including fair housing materials 

in freshmen orientation packets and on social networking 

websites. Additionally, the campaign will encourage students 

to consider careers in public service by providing college and 

university career centers with federal vacancy announcements.

For more information about the national fair 

housing collegiate partnership campaign, go to 

http://www.hud.gov/fairhousing.

From top: John D. Trasviña, HUD Assistant 

Secretary for Fair Housing and Equal 

Opportunity, at the signing ceremonies at 

Kentucky State University, Miami Dade 

College, and Rio Hondo College, respectively
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

15

FY 2011

3, HUD has funded Fair Housing Accessibility FIRST, a program that provides training and technical 

guidance on the Fair Housing Act’s accessibility requirements to architects, builders, developers, and others 

involved in the design and construction of multifamily housing. FIRST consists of a comprehensive training 

curriculum, a website (http://www.fairhousingfirst.org), and a toll-free hotline (1-888-341-7781). The training 

curriculum is accredited by the American Institute of Architects and various local professional groups. 

 

Due to the need to secure a new contract to continue the program, the program provided only online 

technical guidance services during the time period October 2010-June 2011. In July 2011, HUD awarded a 

contract to Chicago-based LCM Architects, LLC, to administer the program. Under this contract, LCM Architects 

will conduct at least ten training sessions throughout the country, particularly in areas where there is a 

significant amount of multifamily housing development and areas with a high degree of enforcement activity. 

Some training will also be provided in areas affected by natural disasters and areas that have been underserved 

by FIRST training efforts. The training sessions will cover one or more of 11 training modules on the Fair 

Housing Act; disability-rights laws; and the technical requirements of designing and constructing accessible 

routes, public and common-use areas, kitchens, and bathrooms. 

In August 2011, LCM Architects held the first of these training sessions in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, 

which was attended by 175 persons. At the training session, the participants were asked about the number of 

multifamily units that they were working on. The participants who replied to this question reported a total of 

16,993 multifamily units in which they were involved in the development, design, or construction. As a result 

of the training, these units are more likely to be built in an accessible manner. 

 

The FIRST website provides detailed information on the Fair Housing Act’s design and construction 

requirements. The website includes the 11 training modules and 91 frequently asked questions and answers, 

information on key issues in design and construction cases, best practices for design and resolving common 

violations, guidance on safe harbors for compliance, and numerous other resources. The website was available 

throughout the fiscal year. 

 

The FIRST toll-free hotline is staffed by experts on the Fair Housing Act’s design and construction 

requirements. Architects and other design professionals can call the toll-free hotline for technical guidance 

and support. Due to the suspension of live technical guidance while a new contract was being secured, FIRST’s 

technical guidance hotline was not staffed for part of the fiscal year. From July 2011 through September 2011, 

the FIRST toll-free hotline responded to 366 requests for technical guidance.

National Association of Real Estate Brokers 

Partnership

On September 21, 2011, HUD and the National Association of Real Estate Brokers (NAREB) entered 

into a partnership to promote fair housing in minority communities. HUD and NAREB signed a memorandum 

of understanding (MOU) that sets forth how the parties will work together to inform African American and 

other minority communities and public and private industry professionals about their rights and 

responsibilities under the Fair Housing Act. HUD’s Housing Discrimination Study 2000 found that African 

Americans experience discrimination roughly one out of every five times they inquire about a home for sale.

Under the MOU, HUD and NAREB will conduct joint forums, seminars, and workshops on identifying 

unlawful discrimination in home sales, rental, and lending, as well as discrimination in government 

contracting. These events will inform participants of the avenues available to them if they believe they have 

experienced discrimination. Additionally, HUD will provide NAREB with fair housing and equal opportunity 

materials to distribute to its 18,000 members and to organizations that serve minority communities.
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

16

FY 2011

HUD and FHAP Enforcement of the Fair Housing Act 

The Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, 

disability, or familial status in most housing-related transactions. The Act covers public, assisted, and private 

housing, with a few exceptions. Under the Fair Housing Act and its implementing regulations, HUD has the 

authority to investigate, attempt to conciliate, and, if necessary, adjudicate complaints of discrimination 

involving, among other things, home sales, rentals, advertising, mortgage lending and insurance, property 

insurance, and environmental justice. HUD also investigates complaints alleging discriminatory zoning and land 

use, but must refer these complaints to the U.S. Department of Justice for enforcement. 

HUD shares its authority to investigate housing discrimination complaints with state and local 

government agencies that participate in the Fair Housing Assistance Program (FHAP). To participate in the 

FHAP, a jurisdiction must demonstrate that it enforces a fair housing law that provides rights, remedies, 

procedures, and opportunities for judicial review that are substantially equivalent to those provided by the 

federal Fair Housing Act. HUD pays FHAP agencies for each complaint they investigate, based on the timeliness 

and quality of the investigation. In addition, HUD provides funding to FHAP agencies for capacity-building, 

training, and information systems. 

At the end of FY 2011, there were 98 FHAP agencies. The total number of agencies is less than last year 

due to the withdrawal of five agencies from the program: the Asheville-Buncombe (North Carolina) Community 

Relations Council, the Dubuque (Iowa) Human Rights Commission, the Lancaster County (Pennsylvania) Human 

Relations Commission, the Parma (Ohio) Law Department, and the York City (Pennsylvania) Human Relations 

Commission. However, during FY 2011, the Orlando (Florida) Office of Human Relations, which closed in 

FY 2010, re-opened and resumed full participation in the FHAP. Overall, FHAP agencies were located in 

39 states and the District of Columbia. For a list of FHAP agencies, see Appendix A.

A person who believes that he or she has experienced, or is about to experience, housing 

discrimination may file a complaint or may have a complaint filed on his or her behalf by someone else, such as 

a parent, child, spouse, or guardian. HUD and FHAP agencies accept complaints in person, by telephone, 

through the mail, and through their websites. If HUD receives a housing discrimination complaint where the 

alleged discriminatory act occurred within the jurisdiction of one of its FHAP agencies, HUD is required under 

the Fair Housing Act to refer the complaint to that agency. 

HUD and FHAP agencies follow substantially similar, though not identical, procedures for handling 

complaints. In general, when HUD or a FHAP agency receives a complaint, it reviews it to determine if it meets 

minimal jurisdictional standards. If the complaint is jurisdictional, HUD or the FHAP agency accepts the 

complaint and serves a copy of it on the respondent. 

At no cost to the complainant, HUD or the FHAP agency begins an investigation to determine if there is 

reasonable cause to believe that a discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur. As part of 

its investigation, HUD or the FHAP agency interviews the parties and witnesses, obtains and reviews relevant 

documents, and, when appropriate, conducts on-site investigations. HUD and FHAP agencies have the 

authority to issue subpoenas and seek temporary restraining orders. The Fair Housing Act and substantially 

equivalent state or local laws require HUD and FHAP agencies to complete their investigations and make 

determinations within 100 days, unless it is impracticable to do so. If the investigation has not been completed 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

17

FY 2011

or the determination has not been made within the 100-day time limit, HUD or the FHAP agency notifies the 

complainant and respondent in writing of the reasons why it has not been able to do so. 

From the time of the filing of a complaint, HUD or the FHAP agency works with all parties to resolve the 

case through conciliation, as required by the Fair Housing Act and substantially equivalent state or local laws. 

During conciliation, HUD or the FHAP agency represents the public interest in the case. HUD or the FHAP 

agency will attempt conciliation until a complaint is dismissed or a determination of reasonable cause is made. 

If the parties sign a conciliation agreement, HUD or the FHAP agency terminates its investigation and closes the 

complaint without making a determination on the merits of the complaint. Any conciliation agreement must 

be signed by the parties and approved by HUD or the FHAP agency. An agreement may include relief for the 

complainant, such as a monetary payment, access to previously denied housing, or the provision of a 

reasonable accommodation. An agreement may also include public interest relief, such as a requirement for 

the respondent to pay a civil penalty or to attend fair housing training. Additionally, an agreement typically 

includes assurances that the respondent will eliminate discriminatory policies and practices, provisions to 

remedy any other fair housing violations and prevent future violations, provisions for periodic reporting by the 

respondent, and provisions for HUD or the FHAP agency to monitor compliance with the agreement. 

Throughout the conciliation process, HUD or the FHAP agency continues to investigate the complaint. 

If HUD or the FHAP agency is unable to conciliate the complaint, it determines whether there is reasonable 

cause to believe that a discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur. If HUD or the FHAP 

agency find no reasonable cause to believe that a discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to 

occur, the complaint is dismissed. In that case, the complainant retains the right to pursue the matter through 

private litigation.

 

If HUD determines there is reasonable cause to believe that a discriminatory housing practice has 

occurred or is about to occur, it issues a charge of discrimination. The parties may choose to pursue the matter 

in an administrative proceeding or in federal district court. If a FHAP agency finds reasonable cause to believe 

that a discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur, the agency or attorneys for the state 

or locality litigate that complaint in an administrative proceeding or in civil court. The system of adjudication is 

set forth in each jurisdiction’s fair housing law.

 

Housing Discrimination Complaints 

Chart 1 shows the number of housing discrimination complaints filed with HUD and FHAP agencies 

during the past 4 fiscal years. The complaint data is from HUD’s database, the Title Eight Automated Paperless 

Office Tracking System (TEAPOTS). 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

18

FY 2011

Chart 1: Complaints Filed with HUD and FHAP Agencies (FY 2008-FY 2011) 

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

10,552 10,242 10,155 

9,354 

8,429 8,165 8,212 

7,507 

 tsnailpmCo

2,123 2,077 1,847 1,943 

2008 2009 2010 2011

Fiscal Year 

HUD FHAP Total

Source: TEAPOTS

In FY 2011, HUD and FHAP agencies received a total of 9,354 housing discrimination complaints. This 

was the first time in the past five years that HUD and FHAP agencies received fewer than 10,000 housing 

discrimination complaints during a single fiscal year. 

Bases of Complaints 

All complaints filed must allege a basis for discrimination. The Fair Housing Act and substantially 

equivalent state or local fair housing laws list seven prohibited bases for discrimination: race, color, national 

origin, religion, sex, disability, and familial status. The Fair Housing Act and substantially equivalent state or 

local fair housing laws also make it unlawful to coerce, threaten, intimidate, or interfere with anyone for 

exercising or enjoying their fair housing rights or encouraging or aiding others in the exercise or enjoyment of 

their fair housing rights. 

Table 1 shows the number of complaints filed with HUD and FHAP agencies that alleged a violation on 

each basis. If a single complaint alleged multiple bases, it was counted under each basis alleged. 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

19

FY 2011

Table 1: Bases of HUD and FHAP Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) 

Basis

FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011

Number of

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Disability 4,675 44% 4,458 44% 4,839 48% 4,498 48%

Race 3,669 35% 3,203 31% 3,483 34% 3,025 32%

Familial Status 1,690 16% 2,017 20% 1,560 15% 1,425 15%

National Origin 1,364 13% 1,313 13% 1,177 12% 1,195 13%

 National Origin- Hispanic or Latino 848 8% 837 8% 722 7% 759 8%

Sex 1,133 11% 1,075 10% 1,139 11% 1,033 11%

Religion 339 3% 302 3% 287 3% 262 3%

Color 262 2% 251 2% 219 2% 185 2%

Retaliation 575 5% 654 6% 707 7% 856 9%

Number of Complaints Filed 10,552 10,242 10,155 9,354

Percentages do not total 100 percent because complaints may contain multiple bases.

Percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number.

Source: TEAPOTS

Table 1 shows that the rank order of the most common to the least common bases of complaints has 

remained the same during the past 4 fiscal years. In FY 2011, disability was the most common basis of 

complaints filed with HUD and FHAP agencies, being cited as a basis for 4,498 complaints, or 48 percent of the 

overall total. This large number of complaints is due, in part, to the additional protections afforded persons 

with disabilities under the Fair Housing Act, i.e., reasonable accommodation, reasonable modification, and 

accessible design and construction. In FY 2011, race was the second most common basis of complaints, being 

cited as a basis for 3,025 complaints, or 32 percent of the overall total. 

This data reflect a notable trend in the share of disability and race complaints. Whereas disability and 

race used to account for nearly the same share of complaints, the gap between these bases has grown over the 

years. In FY 2011, disability complaints accounted for 48 percent of complaints, while race complaints made up 

32 percent of complaints, a difference of 16 percentage points. In FY 2008, this difference was much smaller. 

At that time, disability complaints accounted for 44 percent of complaints, while race complaints made up 

35 percent of complaints, a difference of 9 percentage points. 

In FY 2011, familial status and national origin were the third and fourth most common bases of 

complaints filed with HUD and FHAP agencies. Familial status was cited as a basis for 1,425 complaints, or 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

20

FY 2011

15 percent of the overall total. National origin discrimination was alleged in 1,195 complaints, or 13 percent of 

the overall total. National origin was one of only two categories that experienced an increase in number of 

complaints, despite a decrease in the overall total. 

In FY 2011, sex and retaliation were the fifth and sixth most common bases of complaints filed with 

HUD and FHAP agencies. Sex discrimination was cited in 1,033 complaints, or 11 percent of the overall total, 

while retaliation was alleged in 856 complaints, or 9 percent of the overall total. Retaliation was the second 

category that experienced an increase in the number of complaints, despite a decrease in the overall total. 

From FY 2010 to FY 2011, the number of retaliation complaints increased by 19 percent, from 707 to 856 

Religion and color were the least common bases of complaints filed with HUD and FHAP agencies in the 

past 4 fiscal years. In FY 2011, religion was cited as a basis for 262 complaints, or 3 percent of the overall total, 

and color was cited as a basis for 185 complaints, or 2 percent of the overall total. 

Tables 2 and 3 provide a breakdown of the bases in HUD and FHAP complaints, respectively. Table 2 

shows the number of complaints filed with HUD that alleged a violation on each basis. If a single complaint 

alleged multiple bases, it was counted under each basis alleged. 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

21

FY 2011

Table 2: Bases of HUD Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) 

Basis

FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011

Number of 

Complaints

% of TotalNumber of 

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Number of Complaints

% of Total

Disability 1,037 49% 1,036 50% 1,023 53% 1008 55%

Race 655 31% 574 28% 697 36% 582 32%

Familial Status 367 17% 455 22% 263 14% 221 12%

National Origin 194 9% 183 9% 156 8% 218 12%

National Origin—Hispanic or Latino 116 5% 121 6% 94 5% 139 7%

Sex 191 9% 181 9% 210 11% 184 10%

Religion 45 2% 35 2% 38 2% 48 3%

Color 28 1% 43 2% 29 1% 37 2%

Retaliation 77 4% 98 5% 93 5% 135 7%

Number of Complaints Filed 2,123 2,077 1,943 1,847

Percentages do not total 100 percent because complaints may contain multiple bases.

Percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number.

Source: TEAPOTS
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

22

FY 2011

Table 3 shows the number of complaints filed with FHAP agencies that alleged a violation on each basis. 

If a single complaint alleged multiple bases, it was counted under each basis alleged. 

Table 3: Bases of FHAP Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) 

Issues in Complaints 

All complaints must specify the discriminatory actions that allegedly violated or would violate the Fair 

Housing Act or substantially equivalent state or local fair housing laws. HUD and FHAP agencies record these 

discriminatory practices in overarching categories known as “issues.”

Table 4 shows the number of complaints filed with HUD and FHAP agencies from FY 2008 to FY 2011, 

broken down by issue. If a single complaint alleged multiple issues, it was counted under each issue alleged. 

Although the chart includes both complaints filed under the Fair Housing Act and substantially equivalent state 

and local laws, the table, for convenience, refers to the section of the Fair Housing Act that would apply. 

Basis

FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Disability 3,638 43% 3,422 42% 3,816 46% 3,490 46%

Race 3,014 36% 2,629 32% 2,786 34% 2,443 33%

Familial Status 1,323 16% 1,562 19% 1,297 16% 1,204 16%

National Origin 1,170 14% 1,130 14% 1,021 12% 977 13%

National Origin—Hispanic or Latino 732 9% 716 9% 628 8% 623 8%

Sex 942 11% 894 11% 929 11% 849 11%

Religion 294 3% 267 3% 249 3% 214 3%

Color 234 3% 208 3% 190 2% 148 2%

Retaliation 498 6% 556 7% 614 7% 721 10%

Number of Complaints Filed 8,429 8,165 8,212 7,507

Percentages do not total 100 percent because complaints may contain multiple bases.

Percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number.

Source: TEAPOTS
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

23

FY 2011

Table 4: Issues in HUD and FHAP Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) 

 Table 4 shows that the rank order of the most common to the least common issues in complaints has 

remained relatively stable during the past 4 fiscal years, with a couple of notable exceptions. In FY 2011, the 

most common issue in complaints was discriminatory terms, conditions, privileges, services, and facilities in the 

rental or sale of property. This was by far the most common issue in complaints, cited in more than half of 

Issue FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 Number of Complaints % of Total Number of Complaints % of Total Number of Complaints % of Total Number of Complaints % of Total

Refusal to Sell § 804(a) and § 804(f)(1) 214 2% 166 2% 205 2% 142 2%

Refusal to Rent § 804(a) and § 804(f)(1) 2,697 26% 2,430 24% 2,405 24% 2,239 24%

Steering § 804(a) and § 804(f)(1) 64 1% 58 1% 84 1% 62 1%

Discriminatory Terms, Conditions, Privileges, 

Services, and Facilities in the Rental or Sale of 

Property § 804(b) and § 804(f)(2)

5,862 56% 5,617 55% 5,959 59% 5,674 61%

Discriminatory Notices, Statements, or 

Advertisements § 804(c) 828 8% 1,223 12% 937 9% 784 8%

False Denial or Representation of Availability 

§ 804(d) 303 3% 282 3% 256 3% 250 3%

Failure to Permit a Reasonable Modification 

§ 804(f)(3)(A) 205 2% 178 2% 203 2% 207 2%

Failure to Make a Reasonable Accommodation 

§ 804(f)(3)(B) 2,401 23% 2,252 22% 2,556 25% 2,408 26%

Non-Compliance with Design and Construction 

Requirements § 804(f)(3)(C)

176 2% 155 2% 169 2% 90 1%

Discriminatory Financing § 805(a) 324 3% 392 4% 511 5% 442 5%

Redlining § 804(b) and § 805(a) 8 <0.5% 14 <0.5% 6 <0.5% 2 <0.5%

Refusal to Provide Insurance § 804(a) and 

§ 804(b)

5 <0.5% 3 <0.5% 2 <0.5% 0 0%

Coercion or Intimidation, Threats, Interference, 

and Retaliation § 818 1,402 13% 1,425 14% 1,478 15% 1,650 18%

Number of Complaints Filed 10,552 10,242 10,155 9,354

Percentages do not total 100 percent because complaints may contain multiple issues.

Percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number.

Source: TEAPOTS
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

24

FY 2011

complaints during each of the past 4 fiscal years. This broad category includes actions that unlawfully subject 

individuals to different treatment, such as when a landlord makes repairs for white tenants but not for minority 

tenants, when a landlord charges higher deposits to wheelchair users, or when a landlord imposes stricter rules 

on families with children. In FY 2011, discriminatory terms and conditions was alleged in 5,674 complaints, or 

61 percent of the overall total. 

The second most common issue in complaints was failure to make a reasonable accommodation. 

Under the Fair Housing Act, a reasonable accommodation is any change in the rules, policies, practices, or 

services that are necessary to afford a person with a disability an equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling. 

An example of such a change is when an apartment manager grants the request of a tenant with a mobility 

impairment to have an assigned accessible parking space, even though the apartment complex is not in the 

practice of assigning parking spaces to tenants. In FY 2011, failure to make a reasonable accommodation was 

alleged in 2,408 complaints, or 26 percent of the overall total. These complaints accounted for more than half 

of the complaints alleging discrimination based on disability, helping to make disability the most common basis 

of complaints. 

The table shows that refusal to rent was the third most common allegation in complaints. In FY 2011, 

refusal to rent was alleged in 2,239 complaints, or 24 percent of the overall total. This was the second year in a 

row that the number of complaints alleging failure to make a reasonable accommodation outnumbered 

complaints alleging refusal to rent. This change in ranking mainly reflects an increase in reasonable 

accommodation complaints that has been sustained from prior years. 

In FY 2011, the fourth most common issue in complaints involved coercion, intimidation, or threats, or 

interference with persons who exercised or enjoyed their fair housing rights or aided another person in 

exercising or enjoying their fair housing rights. These actions were alleged in 1,650 complaints, or 18 percent 

of the overall total. The fifth most common issue in complaints involved housing advertisements, notices, or 

statements that indicated discrimination, or a limitation or preference on the basis of race, color, national 

origin, religion, sex, disability, or familial status. These complaints accounted for 784 complaints, or 8 percent 

of the overall total. 

The remaining issue categories were each cited in 5 percent or less of complaints: discriminatory 

financing (5 percent), false representation of unavailability (3 percent), refusal to sell (2 percent), failure to 

permit a reasonable modification (2 percent), noncompliance with design and construction requirements 

(1 percent), steering (1 percent), and redlining (less than 0.5 percent). For the first time in the past 4 fiscal 

years, HUD and FHAP agencies did not receive any complaints alleging refusal to provide insurance. 

Tables 5 and 6 provide a breakdown of the issues in HUD and FHAP complaints, respectively. Table 5 

shows the number of complaints filed with HUD from FY 2008 to FY 2011, broken down by issue. If a single 

complaint alleged multiple issues, it was counted under each issue alleged. After each issue, the section of the 

Fair Housing Act prohibiting the activity is referenced. 

Table 5: Issues in HUD Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011) 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

25

FY 2011

Table 6 shows the number of complaints filed with FHAP agencies from FY 2008 to FY 2011, broken 

down by issue. If a single complaint alleged multiple issues, it was counted under each issue alleged. While the 

complaints are filed under state or local substantially equivalent fair housing laws, the table, for convenience, 

refers to the section of the federal Fair Housing Act that would apply to that issue. 

Issue

FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011

Number of

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Refusal to Sell § 804(a) and § 804(f)(1) 27 1% 19 1% 32 2% 31 2%

Refusal to Rent § 804(a) and § 804(f)(1) 527 25% 441 21% 427 22% 429 23%

Steering § 804(a) and § 804(f)(1) 13 1% 16 1% 18 1% 20 1%

Discriminatory Terms, Conditions, Privileges, 

Services, and Facilities in the Rental or Sale of 

Property § 804(b) and § 804(f)(2)

1,087 51% 1,020 49% 1,142 59% 1,078 58%

Discriminatory Notices, Statements, or 

Advertisements § 804(c) 286 13% 391 19% 198 10% 175 9%

False Denial or Representation of Availability 

§ 804(d) 55 3% 53 3% 58 3% 49 3%

Failure to Permit a Reasonable Modification 

§ 804(f)(3)(A) 56 3% 34 2% 45 2% 46 2%

Failure to Make a Reasonable Accommodation 

§ 804(f)(3)(B) 607 29% 560 27% 541 28% 527 29%

Non-Compliance with Design and Construction 

Requirements § 804(f)(3)(C) 66 3% 69 3% 69 4% 31 2%

Discriminatory Financing § 805(a) 62 3% 97 5% 143 7% 173 9%

Redlining § 804(b) and § 805(a) 1 <0.5% 3 <0.5% 0 0% 0 0%

Refusal to Provide Insurance § 804(a) and 

§ 804(b)

2 <0.5% 1 <0.5% 1 <0.5% 0 0%

Coercion or Intimidation, Threats, Interference, 

and Retaliation § 818 327 15% 316 15% 346 18% 431 23%

Number of Complaints Filed 2,123 2,077 1,943 1,847

Percentages do not total 100 percent because complaints may contain multiple issues.

Percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number.

Source: TEAPOTS
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

26

FY 2011

Table 6: Issues in FHAP Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011)

Issue

FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Number of

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Number of 

Complaints

% of Total

Refusal to Sell § 804(a) and § 804(f)(1) 187 2% 147 2% 173 2% 111 1%

Refusal to Rent § 804(a) and § 804(f)(1) 2,170 26% 1,989 24% 1,978 24% 1,816 24%

Steering § 804(a) and § 804(f)(1) 51 1% 42 1% 66 1% 42 1%

Discriminatory Terms, Conditions, 

Privileges, Services, and Facilities in the 

Rental or Sale of Property § 804(b) and 

§ 804(f)(2)

4,775 57% 4,597 56% 4,817 59% 4,623 61%

Discriminatory Notices, Statements, or 

Advertisements § 804(c) 542 6% 832 10% 739 9% 606 8%

False Denial or Representation of 

Availability § 804(d)

248 3% 229 3% 198 2% 202 3%

Failure to Permit a Reasonable Modification 

§ 804(f)(3)(A)

149 2% 144 2% 158 2% 162 2%

Failure to Make a Reasonable 

Accommodation § 804(f)(3)(B) 1,794 21% 1,692 21% 2,015 25% 1,888 25%

Non-Compliance with Design and 

Construction Requirements § 804(f)(3)(C) 110 1% 86 1% 100 1% 59 1%

Discriminatory Financing § 805(a) 262 3% 295 4% 368 5% 276 4%

Redlining § 804(b) and § 805(a) 7 <0.5% 11 <0.5% 6 <0.5% 2 <0.5%

Refusal to Provide Insurance § 804(a) and 

§ 804(b)

3 <0.5% 2 <0.5% 1 <0.5% 0 0%

Coercion or Intimidation, Threats, 

Interference, and Retaliation § 818

1,075 13% 1,109 14% 1,132 14% 1,219 16%

Number of Complaints Filed 8,429 8,165 8,212 7,507

Percentages do not total 100 percent because complaints may contain multiple issues.

Percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number.

Source: TEAPOTS

Compliance with Notice Requirements 

Complainant Notification 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

27

FY 2011

The Fair Housing Act requires HUD to serve notice upon the aggrieved person filing a housing 

discrimination complaint. The notice acknowledges the filing of a complaint and provides information 

regarding important deadlines and the choice of forums provided by the Fair Housing Act. 

HUD has automated this function so that as soon as an investigator enters a complaint into HUD’s 

database, the Title Eight Automated Paperless Office Tracking System (TEAPOTS), a notice is automatically 

printed out. The investigator then mails this notice to the aggrieved person. HUD sends its notices via first 

class mail with return receipt requested. In FY 2011, HUD routinely issued notices for the 1,847 complaints that 

were filed. 

Respondent Notification

The Fair Housing Act requires HUD to serve notice on each respondent named in a complaint within 

10 days of the filing of a complaint or the identification of an additional respondent. The notice must identify 

the alleged discriminatory housing practice(s) and advise the respondent of all procedural rights and 

obligations. A copy of the complaint must be included. 

HUD has automated this function so that a notice and a copy of the complaint are automatically 

generated when a complaint is entered into TEAPOTS. An investigator then mails the materials to each 

respondent. HUD sends its notices via first class mail with return receipt so that investigators can verify that 

the respondent received the notice. In FY 2011, HUD consistently provided notice to the respondents for the 

1,847 complaints that were filed. 

In a small number of Fair Housing Act complaints, the respondent may not have been notified within 

10 days. Pursuant to a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), if a 

criminal investigation was under way, HUD may delay notification of the respondent until DOJ concluded its 

criminal investigation. 

Complaint Closures 

Chart 2 shows the number of complaints closed by HUD and FHAP agencies in each of the past 4 fiscal 

years. 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

28

FY 2011

Chart 2: HUD and FHAP Complaints Closed (FY 2008-FY 2011) 

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

2008 2009 2010 2011

2,516 2,375

1,856 1,821

8,673 8,319 8,161 7,812

11,189

10,694

10,017 9,633

Complaints

Fiscal Year

HUD FHAP Total

Source: TEAPOTS

In FY 2011, HUD and FHAP agencies closed 9,633 housing discrimination complaints; this included 1,821 

complaints closed by HUD and 7,812 complaints closed by FHAP agencies. From FY 2008 to FY 2011, HUD and 

FHAP agencies closed an average of 10,365 complaints annually. 

In FY 2011, HUD and FHAP agencies closed complaints in the following ways. 

1. Administrative Closure—HUD and FHAP agencies administratively close complaints when the 

complainant withdraws the complaint, fails to cooperate, or can no longer be located. HUD and 

FHAP agencies also administratively close complaints when, after accepting the complaint, it is 

determined that they lack jurisdiction. 

2. No Reasonable Cause Determination—HUD and FHAP agencies issue a no reasonable cause 

determination after conducting a full investigation and not finding reasonable cause to believe that 

a discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur. 

3. Conciliation/Settlement—A complaint may be voluntarily resolved in two ways. First, HUD and 

FHAP agencies attempt to resolve complaints through conciliation. If conciliation is successful, the 

complainant and respondent enter into a conciliation agreement that is approved by HUD or the 

FHAP agency. A conciliation agreement seeks to protect the rights of the complainant and the 

respondent and satisfy the public interest. A complaint may also be voluntarily resolved through a 

private settlement between the complainant and the respondent. A private settlement is not 

submitted to HUD or the FHAP agency for approval and usually does not contain public interest 

relief. HUD and FHAP agencies do not issue a determination for a complaint if it is conciliated or if 

it is settled prior to the completion of the investigation. 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

29

FY 2011

4. Charge of Discrimination—HUD issues a charge of discrimination when it has completed a full 

investigation and found that there is reasonable cause to believe that a discriminatory housing 

practice has occurred or is about to occur. 

5. Reasonable Cause Determination—A FHAP agency issues a reasonable cause determination when it 

has completed a full investigation and found that there is reasonable cause to believe that a 

discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur. 

6. U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) Referral—HUD refers housing discrimination complaints that 

involve criminal allegations, a suspected pattern or practice of discrimination, or possible zoning or 

land use violations to DOJ for enforcement. 

Chart 3 shows the outcomes of complaints closed by HUD and FHAP agencies in each of the past 4 fiscal 

years. 

Chart 3: HUD and FHAP Complaint Outcomes, by Type (FY 2008-FY 2011)1,2

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

2008 2009 2010 2011

17% 16% 14% 13%

5% 6% 7% 6%

29%

31% 33% 33%

48% 47% 46% 48%

0% 0% 0% 0%

Complaints

Fiscal Year

Administrative Charge/Reasonable Cause Conciliation/Settlement

No Reasonable Cause Referral to DOJ

Percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number. Source: TEAPOTS 

In FY 2011, HUD and FHAP agencies made determinations on the merits of 54 percent of the 

complaints they closed: 48 percent of these complaints were closed with a no reasonable cause determination 

and 6 percent were closed with either an issuance of a charge of discrimination by HUD or a reasonable cause 

determination by a FHAP agency. 

 

1

The category “Charge/Reasonable Cause” combines charges of discrimination by HUD and determinations of reasonable cause by FHAP agencies. 

Although these types of closures are not identical, this chart combines these categories, since they both involve making a determination that a 

discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur. 

2

The category “Referral to DOJ” applies only to HUD. 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

30

FY 2011

During FY 2011, HUD and FHAP agencies conciliated or settled 33 percent of complaints and 

administratively closed 13 percent of complaints. During this period, HUD closed only a handful of complaints 

by referring them to DOJ for enforcement. 

The following charts provide data on complaint closures for HUD and FHAP agencies, respectively. 

These charts show that there are some notable differences between HUD and FHAP agencies in the share of 

complaints in each closure category. 

Chart 4 shows the outcomes of complaints closed by HUD in each of the past 4 fiscal years.

Chart 4: HUD Complaint Outcomes, by Type (FY 2008-FY 2011)

Percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number. Source: TEAPOTS

Chart 4 shows that there were some notable changes in the outcomes of HUD complaints between 

FY 2008 and FY 2009. From FY 2008 to FY 2009, the share of HUD complaints that were conciliated or settled 

increased by 7 percentage points, while the share of complaints that were closed with a no reasonable cause 

determination decreased by 10 percentage points. However, from FY 2009 to FY 2011, the outcomes of HUD 

complaints did not exhibit major fluctuations. 

In FY 2011, HUD made determinations on the merits of 41 percent of the complaints it closed: 

38 percent of these complaints were closed with a no reasonable cause determination and 3 percent were 

closed with an issuance of a charge of discrimination. In FY2011, HUD conciliated or settled 38 percent of 

complaints and administratively closed 20 percent of complaints. HUD closed 1 percent of complaints by 

referring them to DOJ for enforcement. 

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

2008 2009 2010 2011

23%

26%

23%

20%

2% 2% 2% 3%

30%

37% 36%

38%

44%

34%

38% 38%

1% 1% 1% 1%

Complaints 

Fiscal Year 

Administrative Charge Conciliation/Settlement No Reasonable Cause Referral to DOJ
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

31

FY 2011

Chart 5 shows the outcomes of the complaints closed by FHAP agencies in each of the past 4 fiscal 

years. 

Chart 5: FHAP Complaint Outcomes, by Type (FY 2008-FY 2011) 

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

2008 2009 2010 2011

15%

13% 12% 11%

7% 7% 8% 7%

29%

30% 32% 31%

49%

50%

48%

50%

Complaints 

Fiscal Year 

Administrative Reasonable Cause Conciliation/Settlement No Reasonable Cause

Percentages are rounded to the nearest whole number. Source: TEAPOTS

The outcomes of FHAP complaints have remained fairly consistent during the past 4 fiscal years. In 

FY 2011, FHAP agencies made determinations on the merits of 57 percent of the complaints they closed: 50

percent of these complaints were closed with a no reasonable cause determination and 7 percent were closed 

with a reasonable cause determination. In FY 2011, FHAP agencies conciliated or settled 31 percent of 

complaints and administratively closed 11 percent of complaints. 

Timeliness of Investigations 

The Fair Housing Act and substantially equivalent state and local fair housing laws require that HUD and 

FHAP agencies complete the investigation of each complaint within 100 days of the date it was filed, unless it is 

impracticable to do so. The Fair Housing Act requires HUD to report annually on the number of investigations 

that were not completed within 100 days of the filing of the complaint. In other words, HUD must report the 

number of investigations that passed the 100-day mark in the fiscal year. For FY 2011, these complaints could 

have been filed in FY 2010 or FY 2011. 

Chart 6 shows the number of HUD and FHAP newly aged complaints, i.e., the number of investigations 

that passed the 100-day mark during each of the previous 4 fiscal years. 
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

32

FY 2011

Chart 6: HUD and FHAP Newly Aged Complaints (FY 2008-FY 2011)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2008 2009 2010 2011

817

941 823

1,075 

4,260 

3,881 3,671 3,691 

5,077 

4,822 4,494 4,766 

Complaints 

Fiscal Year 

HUD FHAP Total

Source: TEAPOTS 

Chart 6 shows that in FY 2011, a total of 4,766 investigations passed the 100-day mark; this included 

1,075 HUD investigations and 3,691 FHAP investigations. From FY 2008 to FY 2011, an average of 4,790 

complaints passed the 100-day mark, annually. In general, it was impracticable to complete an investigation 

within 100 days when a complaint involved a great number of witnesses, large volumes of evidence, or 

particularly complex claims and evidence. 

Adjudicating Fair Housing Act Complaints 

When HUD issues a charge of discrimination, the parties may choose to pursue the matter either in an 

administrative proceeding or in federal district court. In an administrative proceeding, HUD represents the 

government, bringing the case on behalf of the aggrieved person and the public interest. The aggrieved person, 

however, may intervene as a party in the proceeding in order to separately represent his or her own interests. 

If any party to the case elects to go to federal court, HUD transfers the case to DOJ, which prosecutes the case. 

An administrative law judge (ALJ) presides over the administrative proceeding. Once before an ALJ, the 

parties may resolve the charge by entering into an initial decision and consent order signed by the ALJ. 

Otherwise, an ALJ will conduct an administrative hearing in the vicinity in which the discriminatory practice is 

alleged to have occurred. The Fair Housing Act requires that the hearing begin within 120 days of the issuance 

of a charge, unless it is impracticable to do so. 

The Fair Housing Act requires that an ALJ issue an initial decision within 60 days after the end of the 

hearing, unless impracticable to do so. If the ALJ finds that the respondent has engaged, or is about to engage, 

in a discriminatory housing practice, the ALJ may award actual damages to the aggrieved persons and injunctive 
Annual Report on Fair Housing

33

FY 2011

or other equitable relief. An ALJ may also impose a civil penalty of up to $16,000 for a first offense of housing 

discrimination under federal, state, or local law; $37,500 for a second offense during the 5-year period 

preceding the date of the filing of the charge; and $65,000 for a third offense during the 7-year period 

preceding the date of the filing of the charge. Following the issuance of a final decision, the ALJ may award 

attorney fees and costs to a prevailing party other than HUD.

Any party adversely affected by the initial decision may file a motion with the Secretary of HUD asking 

that the initial decision be modified, set aside, in whole or in part, or remanded for further proceedings. The 

Secretary has 30 days from the issuance of the initial decision to serve the final decision on all parties. If a 

motion is not filed with the Secretary, or if the Secretary does not serve a final decision within this time period, 

the initial decision becomes the final decision of HUD. A final decision may be appealed to a federal court of 

appeals.

Table 7 shows the caseload for HUD’s Office of Administrative Law Judges (OALJ) in FY 2011.

Table 7: Fair Housing Act Caseload (FY 2011)

3

Status Number of Cases

Fair Housing Act Cases Pending at the End of FY 2010 12

Fair Housing Act Cases Docketed in FY 2011 49

Fair Housing Act Cases Remanded in FY 2011 1

Total Fair Housing Docket During FY 2011 62

Source: OALJ

Table 8 shows the outcome of the 62 Fair Housing Act cases potentially before an ALJ in FY 2011.

Table 8: Administrative Outcomes as of September 30, 2011 (FY 2011)

Status Number of Cases

Settlement by Consent Order 9

ALJ Decisions 3

Election to U.S. District Court 21

Pending Administrative Hearing or Election to U.S. District Court 29

Source: OALJ

In FY 2011, there were 62 Fair Housing Act cases on the OALJ docket. In 9 of these cases, HUD, the 

aggrieved person, and the respondent settled the complaint through an initial decision and consent order 

issued by an ALJ. In three of these cases, an ALJ issued a decision. 

Under the Fair Housing Act, the complainant, respondent, or aggrieved person on whose behalf the 

complaint was filed may elect to have his or her case heard in federal district court instead of before an ALJ. An 

election to federal district court must be made within 20 days after being served with the charge of 

discrimination. In 21 cases, one of the parties elected to proceed to federal court. At the end of FY 2011, 

29 cases were still within the 20-day election period and none of the parties had elected to proceed in federal 

district court.

 

3

The Fair Housing Act caseload reported by OALJ may be different than the number of charges reported by the Office of Fair Housing and Equal 

Opportunity (FHEO). This is because FHEO counts the number of complaints received from complainants, while OALJ counts the actual number of 

charges filed. Both numbers are accurate.
Annual Report on Fair Housing

34

FY 2011

Table 9 shows the 9 cases that resulted in consent orders in FY 2011.

Table 9: Post-Charge Consent Orders (FY 2011)

Name Basis Monetary Relief4Civil Penalties

HUD v. Urban League Housing Corporation of 

Greater Miami

Disability $15,000 $0

HUD v. Hector Castillo Architects, Inc., and 

914 W. Hubbard, Inc.5

Disability $20,000 $0

HUD v. Quattrocchi Familial Status $30,000 $1,000

HUD v. Kuiper Familial Status $20,000 $0

HUD v. Pavolini6Familial Status $0 $0

HUD v. Johnson Familial Status $500 $0

HUD v. Castle Management & Consulting, LLC Familial Status $75,000 $0

HUD v. Norton Familial Status $4,000 $0

HUD v. Berlinger Familial Status, 

National Origin, 

Race , Retaliation

$3,000 $0

Source: OALJ

Commencement of Administrative Hearings

The Fair Housing Act requires that an administrative hearing begin within 120 days of the issuance of a 

charge, unless it is impracticable to do so. In FY 2011, there were no Fair Housing Act hearings before an ALJ.

Issuance of ALJ Decisions

The Fair Housing Act requires an ALJ to make findings of fact and conclusions of law within 60 days 

after an administrative hearing has ended, unless it is impracticable to do so. In FY 2011, there was one 

decision issued in response to an administrative hearing. This initial decision and order, involving the case HUD 

v. Maze, was not issued within 60 days after the hearing ended. The ALJ issued a notice that outlined several

reasons for the delay, including the ALJ’s scheduled leave, the increased workload of the ALJ due to the 

disqualification of another ALJ, and the ALJ’s filing of a complaint in U.S. District Court. 

There were two other ALJ decisions issued in FY 2011. One of these decisions was an initial decision 

upon remand in HUD v. Maze. The other decision was in response to a petition for attorneys’ fees, costs, and 

expenses, in the case HUD v. Fung and Ho. The decision in HUD v. Fung and Ho was based on written briefs, 

supporting documents, and filings, without a live hearing. 

 

Table 10 shows the monetary outcomes for the ALJ decisions that were issued in FY 2011.

 

4

This category includes compensatory damages and charitable donations made by the respondent.

5

This case was resolved by two separate consent orders. The monetary relief listed applies strictly to the consent order 

with respondent 914 W. Hubbard, Inc. The consent order with respondent Hector Castillo Architects, Inc., did not provide 

for monetary relief but contained injunctive and public interest relief. Note: The FY 2010 Annual Report on Fair Housing 

erroneously implied that this case was resolved through a single consent order. The consent order reported on page 44 of 

the FY 2010 Annual Report on Fair Housing only applies to respondent Hector Castillo Architects, not to respondent 914 W. 

Hubbard, Inc.

6

The respondents agreed to execute a quitclaim deed to the complainant, the Gulf Coast Fair Housing Center, for one of 

their properties (a vacant lot located in Gulfport, Mississippi).
Annual Report on Fair Housing

35

FY 2011

Table 10: ALJ Decisions (FY 2011)

Name Basis Damages Civil Penalties Attorney Fees

HUD v. Fung and Ho Race N/A N/A $36,615

HUD v. Maze (upheld upon remand) Race/Color $39,165 $10,000 N/A

Source: OALJ

Cases Elected to DOJ

When HUD issues a charge of discrimination, the parties may choose to pursue the matter in an 

administrative proceeding or in federal district court. If any of the parties elect to proceed to federal district 

court, DOJ represents the government, bringing the case on behalf of the aggrieved person. If discrimination is 

proved, a district court may award actual damages for the aggrieved person, injunctive or other equitable relief, 

punitive damages, and attorney fees and costs for the prevailing party other than DOJ. District courts may also 

impose a civil penalty. 

In FY 2011, DOJ achieved 29 outcomes in Fair Housing Act cases that it received following a charge of 

discrimination by HUD. Table 11 shows the outcomes of these cases.

Table 11: Outcomes of Cases Elected to DOJ (FY 2011)

Name Type of 

Outcome

Compensatory 

Damages Civil Penalty Victims’ Fund Other

United States v. Warren 

Properties, Inc.

Consent 

Decree 

$1,195,000 $0 $0 $55,000

United States v. Stonecleave 

Village Association, Inc.

Consent Order $130,000 $20,000 $0 $0

United States v. Autumn Ridge 

Condominium Association, Inc.

Consent Order $106,500 $13,500 $0 $0

United States v. Summerhill 

Place, LLC, Gran, Inc., and 

Lovejoy

Consent Order $0 $25,000 $85,000 $0

United States v. Hadlock Consent 

Decree

$86,875.68 $0 $0 $0

United States v. Testa Family 

Enterprises

Consent Order $50,000 $10,000 $0 $0

United States v. Indigo 

Investments, LLC (Homestead 

Mobile Home Village)

Consent 

Decree 

$45,000 $5,000 $0 $0

United States v. Cairns Consent 

Decree 

$25,000 $0 $0 $5,000

United States v. Beck Consent 

Decree 

$25,500 $0 $0 $0

United States v. Uvaydov Settlement $20,000 $0 $0 $0

United States v. Riverwalk 

Condominiums

Consent 

Decree 

$13,500 $5,000 $0 $0

United States v. Riba Consent Order $15,000 $0 $0 $0
Annual Report on Fair Housing

36

FY 2011

 

7

The agreement entered by the court provides that the complainant has a right to keep the footbridge in front of her 

house, as a reasonable accommodation, for as long as she lives at the property. The complainant, who has a mobility 

disability, needs to use the footbridge to reach the street without risk of injury.

8

DOJ declared a divergence of interest with the HUD complainant and entered into a consent decree for injunctive relief 

requiring defendants to designate a particular accessible parking space for the complainant’s exclusive use and giving him 

30 days to intervene if he wished to pursue additional relief against the defendants.

9

DOJ declared a divergence of interest with the HUD complainant and entered into a consent decree for injunctive relief 

relating to accessible parking spaces; the complainant, represented by private counsel, remained in the case against 

defendants as an intervenor.

United States v. Loki Properties, 

LLC

Consent 

Decree 

$15,000 $0 $0 $0

United States v. Lee Enterprises, 

Inc.

Consent 

Decree 

$5,000 $0 $0 $8,750 

United States v. Realty One 

Group, Inc.

Consent Order $10,500 $0 $0 $0

United States v. Millikin 

University

Consent Order $4,436.89 $0 $0 $0

United States v. Willis Consent 

Decree 

$500 $0 $0 $0

United States v. Billingsley, et al. 

(Air Park – Dallas Zoning 

Committee)7

Agreed Order 

of Dismissal 

with Prejudice 

$0 $0 $0 $0

United States v. 4 Anchorage 

Lane Owners, Inc.8

Stipulation of 

Settlement 

and Order 

$0 $0 $0 $0

United States v. WHPC-DWR9Consent Order $0 $0 $0 $0

United States v. TK Properties Judgment $0 $30,000 $0 $0

United States v. Sharlands 

Terrace, LLC, et al.

Partial 

Consent 

Decree

$65,000 $25,332 $0 $0

United States v. Georgian Manor 

Condominium Association, Inc.

Partial 

Consent 

Decree

$5,000 $25,000 $30,000 $0

United States v. Equity Homes, 

Inc.

Partial 

Consent 

Decree

$41,500 $0 $0 $0

United States v. TK Properties Partial 

Consent 

Decree

$26,000 $4,000 $0 $0

United States v. Penny Pincher,

Inc.

Partial 

Consent 

Decree

$11,500 $3,500 $0 $0

United States v. Georgian Manor 

Condominium Association, Inc.

Partial 

Consent 

Decree

$7,500 $2,500 $0 $0

Scottsdale Shadows Regimes IVIIPrivate 

Settlement

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Heatherwood-Norwich Gate, LLC Private 

Settlement

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Source: U.S. Department of Justice
Annual Report on Fair Housing

37

FY 2011

Secretary-Initiated Enforcement

The Secretary of HUD, under Section 810(a)(1)(A)(i) and (iii) of the Fair Housing Act, 42 U.S.C. § 3610, 

has the authority to conduct an investigation in the public interest and file a complaint where there is reason to 

believe that a discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur. HUD uses its authority to file 

Secretary-initiated complaints when it has evidence of housing discrimination but does not know of a specific 

aggrieved person or injured party that is willing or able to come forward to file a complaint. HUD also files a 

Secretary-initiated complaint when it has received an individual complaint, but believes that there may be 

additional victims of the discriminatory act, or wants to obtain broader relief in the public interest. Secretaryinitiated complaints follow the same timelines and processes as housing discrimination complaints filed by 

individuals and fair housing organizations. The following sections provide detail on Secretary-initiated 

enforcement between October 1, 2010, and September 30, 2011.

Secretary-Initiated Complaints

HUD files a Secretary-initiated complaint when a preliminary investigation has found evidence that a 

discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur, but an aggrieved person has not come 

forward to file a complaint. HUD also files a Secretary-initiated complaint when it has received an individual 

complaint, but believes that there may be additional victims of the discriminatory act, or wants to obtain 

broader relief in the public interest. In FY 2011, HUD filed 8 Secretary-initiated complaints.

Table 12 shows the bases of the 8 Secretary-initiated complaints filed in FY 2011. If a single complaint 

alleged multiple bases, it was counted under each basis alleged.

Table 12: Bases of Secretary-Initiated Complaints (FY 2011)

Basis Number of Complaints

Disability 3

Familial Status 2

National Origin 2

Race 2

Sex 1

Source: TEAPOTS

Of the 8 Secretary-initiated complaints that were filed during FY 2011, 5 remained open at the end of 

the fiscal year. The following section describes these complaints. HUD closed one of the Secretary-initiated 

complaints filed during the fiscal year, HUD v. Cornerstone Mortgage Company, after bringing the parties to a 

conciliation agreement. Another Secretary-initiated complaint filed during the fiscal year, HUD v. The 

Philadelphian Owners’ Association, was closed after HUD issued a charge of discrimination and the parties 

elected to proceed in federal district court. These complaints are described under “Secretary-Initiated 

Complaints Closed.” The other Secretary-initiated complaint that was filed in FY 2011 was closed after an 

investigation found no cause to believe that the respondent engaged in a discriminatory housing practice. 
Annual Report on Fair Housing

38

FY 2011

Case Summaries of Secretary-Initiated Complaints Filed During FY 2011

10

HUD v. Grayslake Senior Residences

On January 10, 2011, HUD filed a Secretary-initiated complaint against Grayslake Senior Residences,

L.P., the owner of a multi-unit senior housing development located in Grayslake, Illinois. HUD filed the 

complaint after it conducted an accessibility review of the development as part of a Section 504 compliance 

review of the Lake County Housing Authority and found evidence suggesting that the units at the development 

are not fully accessible to or usable by persons with disabilities. The Fair Housing Act requires that certain 

multifamily properties contain basic design and construction features so that they are accessible to persons 

with disabilities. 

HUD v. Susan Moore

On January 10, 2011, HUD filed a Secretary-initiated complaint against Susan Moore, an employee of 

Tiffany Road Development Corporation, the owner of a multi-unit senior housing development located in 

Antioch, Illinois. HUD filed the complaint after it conducted an accessibility review of the development as part 

of a Section 504 compliance review of the Lake County Housing Authority and found evidence that suggests 

that the units at the development are not fully accessible to or usable by persons with disabilities. The Fair 

Housing Act requires that certain multifamily properties contain basic design and construction features so that 

they are accessible to persons with disabilities. 

HUD v. St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana

On January 28, 2011, HUD filed a Secretary-initiated complaint against St. Bernard Parish, near New 

Orleans, Louisiana, to challenge a multifamily zoning ordinance that restricted new multifamily housing 

construction to certain areas of the city and prohibited it in others. This zoning ordinance allegedly reduced the 

land available for development of multifamily housing as of right by 99 percent and resulted in the immediate 

delay of the development of 288 affordable rental units. The complaint alleged that this action was undertaken 

with the intent and effect of excluding African Americans from residing in St. Bernard Parish, as African 

Americans in the New Orleans area are disproportionately in need of rental housing and affordable rental 

housing.

HUD v. Ecklin Group

On August 3, 2011, HUD filed a Secretary-initiated complaint against the owners and office manager of 

an apartment complex located in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The complaint alleges that the respondents refused 

to renew the leases of Burmese refugees and this action denied housing on the basis of national origin, in 

violation of the Fair Housing Act. 

HUD v. Thomas Gale, Jr. and Penny Rupperti.

 

10 This section describes only Secretary-Initiated complaints that were filed during FY 2011 and remained open at the end 

of the fiscal year.
Annual Report on Fair Housing

39

FY 2011

On August 18, 2011, HUD filed a Secretary-initiated complaint against Thomas Gale, Jr. and Penny 

Rupperti, employees of Virginia Realty Company of Tidewater, Inc., which serves as a rental agency for more 

than 500 units at more than 70 properties in the Tidewater region of Virginia. The complaint alleges that the 

company had established a policy requiring that all applicants must be able to use and understand English. The 

complaint alleges that this policy denies housing on the basis of national origin, in violation of the Fair Housing 

Act.

Secretary-Initiated Complaints Closed

Table 13 shows the outcomes of the 9 Secretary-initiated complaints closed in FY 2011. This section

includes cases where HUD issued a charge of discrimination, even though the case would still need to be closed 

through an administrative hearing, federal district court trial, consent order, or other means.

Table 13: Secretary-Initiated Complaints Closed (FY 2011)

Outcome Number of Complaints

Administrative Closure 1

Charge 1

Conciliation/Settlement 6

No Cause 1

Source: TEAPOTS

The following section describes the six Secretary-initiated complaints that were conciliated and the one 

Secretary-initiated complaint that was charged in FY 2011. In the complaint that was charged, the parties 

elected to proceed in federal district court. 

Case Summaries of Secretary-Initiated Complaints Closed During FY 2011

11

HUD v. Cornerstone Mortgage Company, d/b/a Cornerstone Home Lending

In July 2010, HUD opened a preliminary investigation into Cornerstone Mortgage Company, a national 

mortgage lender based in Houston, TX, after an article in the New York Times indicated that some mortgage 

lenders may be denying credit to borrowers because of their pregnancy or maternity leave status. The purpose 

of the investigation was to determine whether Cornerstone’s lending policies and procedures regarding an 

applicant’s pregnancy or maternity leave status unlawfully discriminated against persons in violation of The Fair 

Housing Act. The Act prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, or financing of housing on the basis of sex or 

familial status, which includes families with children and women who are pregnant. 

On May 31, 2011, the parties entered into a conciliation agreement. Under the terms of the 

agreement, Cornerstone (1) adopted a new policy clarifying the availability of its home loan products regardless 

of the applicant’s pregnancy or maternity leave status and train its employees on fair housing law and the 

provisions of this agreement; (2) paid $15,000 to an individual borrower who alleged that the respondent 

changed the status of her loan application after learning that she was on maternity leave; and (3) create a 

$750,000 fund to compensate other borrowers who denied a mortgage loan during the past two years or 

otherwise detrimentally impacted because of their pregnancy or maternity leave status.

 

11 This section only describes Secretary-Initiated complaints that were closed through conciliation/settlement or a charge 

of discrimination during FY 2011.
Annual Report on Fair Housing

40

FY 2011

HUD v. Gunner Properties

On September 1, 2010, HUD filed a Secretary-initiated complaint against the owner and manager of a

12-unit apartment building located in Osseo, Minnesota. The complaint alleged that the owner and property

manager of the building made discriminatory statements in an effort to steer families with children to only first 

floor units. Under the Fair Housing Act, it is unlawful to refuse to rent, discriminate in the terms or conditions 

of the rental of housing, and make or cause to be made statements indicating a preference, limitation, or 

discrimination based on familial status.

On April 5, 2011, the parties entered into a conciliation agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, 

the respondents and all of their employees and agents will attend fair housing training. The respondents also 

agreed to report to HUD every six months for a two-year period on the familial status of applicants for and 

tenants of the subject property.

HUD v. Ledonne

On June 28, 2010, HUD filed a Secretary-initiated complaint against Gerald Ledonne. The complaint 

alleged that Mr. Ledonne placed a classified advertisement for a real estate transaction in the Post-Tribune of 

Northwest Indiana. According to the complaint, the advertisement invited readers and potential buyers to 

build a home in “all white” Lake Dale. According to the 2000 Census, the population of the Lake Dalecarlia,

Indiana, also known as Lake Dale, is 98.2 percent white. Under the Fair Housing Act, it is unlawful to make, 

print, or publish, or cause to be made, printed, or published any advertisement that states a preference, 

limitation, or discrimination based on race. 

On December 27, 2010, the parties entered into a conciliation agreement. Under the terms of the 

agreement, Mr. Ledonne agreed to obtain fair housing training at his own expense and provided a signed letter 

of apology to HUD.

HUD v. Medallion Manor

On June 23, 2010, HUD filed a Secretary-initiated complaint against Medallion Manor, a transitional 

housing provider for men with mental illness or who are recovering substance abusers. The complaint alleged 

that the owners had instructed staff not to rent to persons with HIV or Hepatitis. Under the Fair Housing Act, it 

is unlawful to refuse to rent to persons because of their disabilities. 

On February 22, 2011, the parties entered into a conciliation agreement. Under the terms of the 

agreement, the respondents agreed to make a $500 donation to an organization that serves persons with 

HIV/AIDS. The respondents also drafted a written policy statement indicating that eligible persons with 

HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, or any other disability will be admitted to and treated without discrimination at Medallion 

Manor. The respondents agreed to provide this statement to all of their employees and agents at Medallion 

Manor. The respondents also agreed to offer the next available vacancy to a man identified on the waiting list 

as “do not admit” because he had HIV. Finally, the house manager, office manager, and owners attended fair 

housing training. 

HUD v. The Philadelphian Owners’ Association

On March 15, 2011, HUD filed a Secretary-initiated complaint against the Philadelphian Owners’ 

Association (POA), which manages The Philadelphian, a 776-unit condominium complex located in Philadelphia, 
Annual Report on Fair Housing

41

FY 2011

Pennsylvania. The complaint alleged that, among other things, the POA violated the Fair Housing Act by 

requiring that residents provide burdensome and invasive medical documentation before it would consider 

requests to have an assistance animal as a reasonable accommodation for a disability. The complaint also 

alleged that the POA severely limited access to the complex’s facilities, including the main lobby, shuttle bus, 

and social rooms, for residents accompanied by assistance animals. The Fair Housing Act prohibits housing 

discrimination on the basis of disability, including discrimination in the provision of services or facilities.

HUD conducted an investigation and found reasonable cause to believe that a discriminatory housing 

practice had occurred. On September 30, 2011, HUD issued a charge of discrimination against the 

Philadelphian Owners’ Association. The parties have elected to proceed in federal district court. 

HUD v. Sun-Times Media, LLC

On June 28, 2010, HUD filed a Secretary-initiated complaint against Sun-Times Media, LLC. The 

complaint alleged that a discriminatory advertisement appeared in the classified section of the Post-Tribune of 

Northwest Indiana, a daily newspaper headquartered in Merrillville, Indiana, and owned by the Sun-Times 

Media Group. According to the complaint, the advertisement invited readers and potential buyers to build a 

home in “all white” Lake Dale. According to the 2000 Decennial Census, the population of Lake Dalecarlia, 

Indiana, also known as Lake Dale, is 98.2 percent white. Under the Fair Housing Act, it is unlawful to make, 

print, or publish, or cause to be made, printed, or published any advertisement that states a preference, 

limitation, or discrimination based on race. 

On December 27, 2010, the parties entered into a conciliation agreement. Under the terms of the 

agreement, Sun-Times Media agreed to hire a training/quality control manager who will be responsible for 

effectuating compliance with federal, state, and local civil rights laws and regulations. The respondent also 

agreed to conduct fair housing training for its employees and contractors whose duty it is to sell, market, or 

promote classified advertisements. Additionally, Sun-Times Media will publish fair housing advertisements in 

the Chicago Sun Times and the Northwest Indiana Post Tribune newspapers and on the Chicago Sun Times 

Website.

HUD v. USA4SALE Networks, Inc.

On September 10, 2008, HUD filed a complaint against USA4SALE Networks, Inc., a company that 

publishes classified advertisements for housing through several websites. HUD filed the complaint after 

USA4SALE Networks allegedly approved and posted several discriminatory advertisements for rental housing 

with captions or text, such as “No Children” or “No Kids,” on a website it owned. The Fair Housing Act prohibits 

the printing or publishing of advertisements that indicate a preference, limitation or discrimination based on 

familial status.

On May 18, 2011, the parties entered into a conciliation agreement. Under the terms of the 

agreement, USA4SALE Networks donated $7,500 to a fair housing organization and provided another $7,500 of 

in-kind services (e.g., fair housing advertisements). USA 4SALE Network also agreed to install content filters to

flag potentially discriminatory advertisements prior to being posted and establish channels of communication 

with fair housing groups to enable them to provide information on potentially discriminatory advertisements 

that slip through the filters. In addition, USA4SALE Networks had its employees attend fair housing training. 
Annual Report on Fair Housing

42

FY 2011

The Fair Housing Initiatives Program

The Fair Housing Initiatives Program (FHIP) promotes compliance with the Fair Housing Act and 

substantially equivalent state and local fair housing laws through private enforcement and educational 

activities. FHIP funds are used to support a network of experienced fair housing enforcement organizations 

throughout the country and to educate the public and housing industry about their rights and responsibilities 

under the Fair Housing Act. Congress established FHIP under Section 561 of the Housing and Community 

Development Act of 1987. The implementing regulations for FHIP are found at 24 CFR part 125. 

FHIP consists of the following three funding initiatives: (1) Private Enforcement Initiative (PEI), 

(2) Education and Outreach Initiative (EOI), and (3) Fair Housing Organizations Initiative (FHOI). HUD makes 

most FHIP funds available competitively through notices of funding availability (NOFAs) or requests for 

proposals (RFPs). Appendix D contains a summary of the FY 2011 FHIP grant awards.

Private Enforcement Initiative (PEI)

PEI provides funding to private, tax-exempt fair housing enforcement organizations for the 

investigation of housing discrimination complaints and the administrative or judicial enforcement of federal, 

state, or local fair housing laws. PEI recipients conduct intake, investigation, mediation, and litigation of 

housing discrimination complaints and perform tests of the housing, lending, and insurance markets.

In FY 2011, HUD solicited PEI applications under the Multi-Year Funding Component (PEI-MYFC) and the 

Mortgage Rescue Component (PEI-MRC). 

The Multi-Year Funding Component under PEI provides 36-month grants of up to $975,000 

($325,000/year), subject to appropriation, to Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations and Qualified Fair 

Housing Enforcement Organizations that meet certain requirements related to the length and quality of their 

fair housing enforcement experience as set forth in the NOFA. Additionally, organizations must have received 

FHIP PEI funding from FY 2008 through FY 2010 and a satisfactory performance review by the FHEO 

Government Technical Representative. Organizations that received FY 2009 or FY 2010 PEI PEI-PB grants were 

not eligible to apply under this component. Eligible activities under PEI-MYFC include, but are not limited to: 

(1) Intake and investigation of allegations of housing discrimination; (2) Investigation of systemic housing 

discrimination, through testing and other investigative methods; (3) Mediation or other voluntary resolution of 

allegations of housing discrimination; and (4) Litigation of fair housing cases.

The Mortgage Rescue Component under PEI provides 12- to 18-month grants of up to $325,000 to Fair 

Housing Enforcement Organizations and Qualified Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations that meet certain 

requirements related to the length and quality of their fair housing enforcement experience set forth in the 

NOFA. Eligible activities under PEI-MRC include, but are not limited to: (1) Intake and investigation of 

allegations of lending discrimination or providing other complaint or investigative support for the

administrative or judicial enforcement of fair lending laws; (2) Investigation of possible systemic violations and 

enforcement pursuant to other equal opportunity or fair lending statutes when they accompany a suspected 

fair housing violation; (3) Assisting clients with any necessary loan modifications, loan workouts, or refinancing, 

as the result of a violation of the Fair Housing Act; and (4) Education and counseling to persons who may have 

encountered discrimination in activities related to the prevention of mortgage default or foreclosure.
Annual Report on Fair Housing

43

FY 2011

In FY 2011, HUD did not solicit applications under PEI-PB, which provides 36-month grants, subject to 

appropriations. However, HUD provided funding for FY 2009 and FY 2010 PEI-PB grantees. 

In FY 2011, HUD awarded 92 PEI grants totaling $28,104,471. There were 40 PEI-MYFC awards totaling 

$12,503,272 and 17 PEI-MRC awards totaling $5,079,257. HUD also continued funding 35 PEI-PB grants

totaling $10,521,942. 

Education and Outreach Initiative (EOI)

EOI provides funding to develop, implement, carry out, and coordinate education and outreach 

activities that inform the public about their rights and responsibilities under federal, state, and local fair 

housing laws. These activities may include, but are not limited to: (1) Developing brochures and other printed 

materials; (2) Producing public service announcements for radio, television, and print; (3) Creating and 

maintaining websites; and (4) Conducting educational symposia or other training. 

In FY 2011, HUD solicited EOI applications under two programs, consisting of five components: (1) the 

Regional/Local/Community-Based Program, which consists of the General Component (EOI-G), the Lending 

Component (EOI-LC), and the Higher Education Component (HEC); and (2) the National-Based Program, which 

consists of the National Media Campaign Component (EOI-NMCC) and the National Affirmatively Furthering 

Fair Housing Training Component (EOI-NAFFH). 

EOI-G provides 12- to 18-month grants of up to $125,000 to Qualified Fair Housing Enforcement 

Organizations, Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, other nonprofit organizations representing groups of 

persons protected under the Fair Housing Act, state or local government agencies, and other entities that are 

formulating or carrying out programs to prevent or eliminate discriminatory housing practices. Eligible 

activities under EOI-G include, but are not limited to: (1) Developing brochures and other printed materials; (2) 

Producing public service announcements for radio, television, and print; (3) Creating and maintaining websites;

and (4) Conducting educational symposia or other training. Additionally, EOI-G grantees may educate 

consumers about credit management, financial literacy, and how to avoid high-cost loans and abusive lending 

practices that violate the Fair Housing Act. 

Similar to EOI-G, EOI-LC provides 12- to-18 month grants of up to $125,000 to Qualified Fair Housing 

Enforcement Organizations, Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, other nonprofit organizations 

representing groups of persons protected under the Fair Housing Act or state or local fair housing laws, and

other public or private entities that are formulating or carrying out programs to prevent or eliminate 

discriminatory housing practices. Eligible activities under EOI-LC include community meetings, fair housing and 

lending workshops, and individual counseling sessions for homeowners who are victims or potential victims of 

lending discrimination or mortgage rescue scams. 

EOI- National Media Campaign Component (NMCC) provides 12- to 18-month grants of up to 

$2,000,000 to Qualified Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, and 

other nonprofit organizations representing groups of persons protected under the Fair Housing Act. Grantees

must have at least 5 years of experience as an advertising, media, or public relations organization or must 

partner with an advertising and media services organization with the requisite experience. Under EOI-NMCC 

grantees are funded to develop, implement, and distribute of a national advertising campaign on the 

requirements of the Fair Housing Act. 
Annual Report on Fair Housing

44

FY 2011

EOI-HEC provides 12- to 18-month grants of up to $100,000 to accredited universities, colleges, or 

community colleges, or student leadership organizations that are formulating or carrying out programs to 

prevent or eliminate discriminatory housing practices. Eligible activities under EOI-HEC are (1) Educating 

students on their fair housing rights through conferences, lectures, seminars, and/or workshops; (2) Developing 

and implementing internships or employment opportunities for students; and (3) Developing and implementing

curricula for students to pursue careers in fair housing law and investigations.

EOI- National Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing Training Component (NAFFH) provides a 12- to 18-

month grant of up to $500,000. The grantee under EOI-NAFFH was required to develop and implement a

nationwide affirmatively furthering fair housing training along with a web-based training program. These 

materials should be appropriate for a variety of audiences, such as housing counseling agencies, Community 

Development Block Grant (CDBG) entitlement jurisdictions, and fair housing organizations. 

In FY 2011, HUD awarded 40 EOI grants totaling $6,670,514. There were 27 EOI-G awards totaling 

$3,071,182, 9 EOI-LC grants totaling $1,000,000, 2 EOI-NMCC grants totaling $2,000,000, one EOI-HEC grant 

totaling $99,668, and one EOI-NAFFH grant totaling $499,664.

Fair Housing Organizations Initiative (FHOI)

FHOI provides funding to help establish new fair housing enforcement organizations and to build the 

capacity of existing organizations, particularly in areas of the country which are currently underserved by fair 

housing enforcement organizations, including rural areas or areas with a large number of recent immigrants. 

FHOI seeks to build the capacity of existing organizations and establish new organizations to conduct fair 

housing enforcement activities, such as investigating, mediating, and litigating housing discrimination 

complaints, and testing housing providers for unlawful discrimination. 

In FY 2011, HUD solicited FHOI applications under the Continued Development General Component 

(FHOI-CDGC), the Establishing New Organizations Component (FHOI-ENOC), and the Mortgage Rescue

Component (FHOI-MRC). 

FHOI- Continued Development General Component (CDGC) provides 12- to 18-month grants of up to 

$325,000 to Qualified Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, and 

other private nonprofit fair housing enforcement organizations and nonprofit groups building their capacity to 

become a viable fair housing enforcement organization. Eligible activities under FHOI-CDGC include, but are 

not limited to: (1) Changing from a fair housing education organization to one which will include an 

enforcement staff; (2) Accessing more sources of expertise or technical assistance, such as through hiring

persons with legal or investigative skills in lending; and (3) Opening a satellite office.

FHOI- Establishing New Organizations Component (ENOC) provides 36-month grants of up to 

$1,250,000 to Qualified Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, and 

other private nonprofit fair housing enforcement organizations and nonprofit groups to establish a new fair 

housing organization, particularly in areas of the country which are currently underserved by fair housing 

enforcement organizations. At the end of the grant period, the new organization will be able to conduct fair 

housing activities, including investigating, mediating, and litigating housing discrimination complaints, as well as 

testing housing providers for unlawful discrimination. Eligible activities under FHOI-ENOC are those that 

establish a single organization to become a viable fair housing enforcement organization, particularly in rural 

areas and/or areas with new immigrants, especially racial and ethnic minorities who have limited English 

proficiency. 
Annual Report on Fair Housing

45

FY 2011

FHOI- Mortgage Rescue Component (MRC) provides 12- to 18-month grants of up to $325,000 to 

Qualified Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, Fair Housing Enforcement Organizations, and other private 

nonprofit fair housing enforcement organizations and nonprofit groups organizing or building their capacity to 

enforce the rights granted under the Fair Housing Act. In addition to the activities under the PEI-MRC, eligible 

activities include providing education, training, technical assistance, and other services to enhance the 

capability of existing organizations to investigate and enforce fair lending laws and provide advocacy and direct 

assistance to victims of fraudulent or predatory mortgage rescue schemes that violate fair housing or fair 

lending laws. 

In FY 2011, HUD awarded 18 FHOI grants totaling $5,895,530. There were 5 FHOI-CDGC awards

totaling $1,000,000; one FHOI-ENOC grants totaling $1,250,000; and 12 FHOI-MRC grants totaling $3,645,530,

FHIP Grant Awards

Table 14: FHIP NOFA Awards (FY 2008-FY 2011)

FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011

PEI 78 79 93 92

EOI 15 24 36 40

FHOI 0 8 12 18

Total 93 111 141 148

Table 15: Funds Distributed Through the FHIP NOFA (FY 2008-FY 2011)

FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011

PEI $20,000,000 $21,000,000 $27,950,175.46 $28,104,471

EOI $2,800,000 $3,100,000 $6,755,000.00 $6,670,514

FHOI $0 $2,100,000 $6,049,914.54 $5,895,530

Total $22,800,000 $26,300,000 $40,755,090.00 $40,670,515
Annual Report on Fair Housing

46

FY 2011

Oversight of Recipients of HUD Funds

HUD monitors state and local government agencies and private entities that receive HUD funds to 

ensure that they comply with civil rights statutes and civil rights-related program requirements. HUD reviews 

the programs by: (1) investigating complaints alleging discrimination or failure to comply with civil rights 

requirements by a recipient of HUD funds, and (2) conducting compliance reviews of such recipients. HUD also 

monitors HUD-funded recipients to determine their performance under the civil rights-related program 

requirements of HUD’s Office of Community Planning and Development, Office of Public and Indian Housing, 

and Office of Housing.

The following statutes and executive orders prohibit HUD funding recipients from engaging in 

discrimination: 

 Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964;

 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973;

 Section 109 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974;

 Section 282 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act;

 Age Discrimination Act of 1975;

 Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990;

 Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972;

 Executive Order 11063; and

 Executive Order 11246.

Complaints against Recipients of HUD Funds

When someone files a discrimination complaint against a recipient of HUD funds, HUD investigates the 

complaint to determine whether the recipient violated civil rights laws or civil-rights related program 

requirements. At the conclusion of the investigation, HUD issues written findings of its investigation. Typically, 

HUD issues a Letter of Findings to the recipient and provides notice of such findings to the complainant. The 

Letter of Findings contains the findings of fact and any findings of noncompliance, along with a description of 

an appropriate remedy. In Section 109 and Section 504 complaint investigations, the Letter of Findings also 

includes a notice of the right of the recipient or the complainant to request a review of the Letter of Findings.

When HUD makes a determination of noncompliance, HUD will resolve the matter through informal 

means whenever possible. The typical method used to informally resolve a determination of noncompliance is 

the Voluntary Compliance Agreement (VCA), which details the steps the recipient must take to correct civil 

rights and other related violations set out in the Letter of Findings. If the recipient refuses to informally resolve 

the matter, HUD can take appropriate action to effect compliance, including, but not limited to, suspension or 

debarment proceedings under 2 CFR 2424, financial sanctions, or other remedies that may be legally available. 

In taking an enforcement action, generally, HUD must provide appropriate notice and an opportunity for a

hearing, appeal, or other administrative procedure to which the recipient is entitled under applicable statutes 

or regulations. 

Table 16 shows the number of complaints received in FY 2011 that alleged discrimination or 

noncompliance by a recipient of HUD funds and the civil rights law that was allegedly violated. The table also 

shows the number of investigations closed during the fiscal year. These numbers include investigations of 

complaints that were filed in FY 2011 or in previous fiscal years.
Annual Report on Fair Housing

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FY 2011

Table 16: Complaints Against Recipients of HUD Funds (FY 2011)

Title VI Section 

504

Section 

109

Title II of 

ADA

Age 

Discrimination Total

Complaints Filed 588 980 59 302 2 1,932

Investigations Closed 559 851 38 245 5 1,708

Compliance Reviews of Recipients of HUD Funds 

HUD conducts compliance reviews to determine whether a recipient of HUD funds is in compliance 

with applicable civil rights laws and their implementing regulations. HUD may initiate a compliance review 

whenever a report, complaint, or any other information indicates a possible failure to comply with applicable 

civil rights laws and regulations. HUD initiates most compliance reviews based on risk analyses, issues raised 

during a limited monitoring review, or when a civil rights problem is detected through HUD program 

monitoring.

After a review to assess whether the recipient of HUD funds has complied with civil rights laws, HUD 

issues written findings of its review. Typically, HUD issues a Letter of Findings to the recipient. A Letter of 

Findings contains the findings of fact and any findings of noncompliance, along with a description of an 

appropriate remedy.

When HUD makes a determination of noncompliance, HUD must seek a resolution of the matter 

through informal means. The typical method used to informally resolve a finding of noncompliance is a 

Voluntary Compliance Agreement (VCA), which details the steps the recipient must take to correct the civil 

rights and other related violations set out in the Letter of Findings. If the recipient refuses to informally resolve 

the matter, HUD can take appropriate action to effect compliance, including, but not limited to, suspension or 

debarment proceedings under 2 CFR 2424, grant sanctions, or other remedies that may be legally available. In 

taking an enforcement action, in most programs, HUD must provide appropriate notice and an opportunity for 

such hearing, appeal, or other administrative proceeding to which the recipient is entitled under applicable 

statutes or regulations. 

Table 17 shows the number of compliance reviews that were initiated in FY 2011 and the civil rights law 

under which they were conducted. The table also shows the number of compliance reviews that were closed 

during the fiscal year. These numbers include compliance reviews that were initiated in FY 2011 or in previous 

fiscal years.

Table 17: Compliance Reviews of Recipients of HUD Funds (FY 2011)

Title VI Section 

504

Section 

109

Title II of 

ADA

Age 

Discrimination Total

Compliance Reviews Initiated 36 33 25 7 0 96

Compliance Reviews Closed 25 41 9 9 0 84
Annual Report on Fair Housing

48

FY 2011

Section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act 

of 1968

Section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 requires that recipients of 

covered financial assistance, to the greatest extent feasible, direct employment and other economic 

opportunities arising in connection with covered projects and activities to low- and very low-income persons 

and to business concerns that employ low- and very low-income persons. Section 3 helps foster local economic 

development, neighborhood economic improvement, and individual self-sufficiency in communities where 

covered financial assistance is spent.

Section 3-Covered Financial Assistance

In general, Section 3-covered financial assistance includes HUD funds for Public and Indian Housing 

programs and Housing and Community Development programs. Section 3-covered financial assistance includes, 

but is not limited to, the following HUD Programs: Public Housing Capital Fund, Public Housing Operating Fund; 

Section 8 Project-Based Vouchers which apply to rehabilitated and new construction housing; HOPE VI 

Revitalization; Public Housing Family Self-Sufficiency; Resident Opportunities and Self-Sufficiency; Community 

Development Block Grants; HOME Investment Partnerships Grants, Housing Opportunities for Persons with 

AIDS; Emergency Solutions Grants; Neighborhood Stabilization; Section 202; Section 811; and Lead Hazard 

Control.

Section 3-Covered Projects and Activities

Section 3-covered projects and activities include the development, operation, and modernization of 

Public and Indian housing (the Section 3 requirements apply to recipients, contractors, and subcontractors for 

these projects and activities regardless of the amount of covered HUD funding that they receive). 

Section 3-covered projects and activities also include Housing and Community Development projects, 

such as the construction, reconstruction, conversion, or rehabilitation of housing (including reduction and 

abatement of lead-based paint hazards) and other public construction. Section 3-covered non-construction 

projects include maintenance contracts (e.g., lawn care, re-painting, and routine maintenance) and 

professional service contracts associated with construction (e.g., accounting, architectural, engineering, 

marketing, and legal services).

Section 3 Employment and Contracting Goals

HUD regulations set minimum employment and contracting goals for recipients of Section 3-covered 

financial assistance. When conducting Section 3-covered projects and activities, the minimum numerical goal 

for the employment of Section 3 residents is 30 percent of all new hires for a one year period. The minimum

numerical goal for awarding contracts to Section 3 businesses is for 10 percent of the total dollar amount of all 

construction contracts and 3 percent of the total dollar amount of all non-construction contracts.
Annual Report on Fair Housing

49

FY 2011

Section 3 Record Keeping and Reporting Requirements

Recipients of Section 3-covered financial assistance are required to ensure compliance in their

operations and those of their contractors, subcontractors, and subrecipients. Recipients of Section 3 covered 

assistance must document actions taken to comply with the employment and contracting requirements of 

Section 3, the results of those actions, and impediments encountered. Recipient agencies should demonstrate 

notification to intended beneficiaries, records of job vacancies, solicitation for bids or proposals, selection 

criteria, and contract documents (including scope of work and contract amount), in accordance with federal or 

state procurement laws and regulations.

Each recipient of Section 3-covered assistance is required to submit an annual report to HUD using 

form HUD-60002. Section 3 reports are required even if the recipient did not undertake any activities that 

triggered the Section 3 requirements if they received more than the threshold amount during any reporting 

period. There is no threshold amount for public housing programs; all funding is covered.

Any Section 3 resident or business concern seeking employment, training, or contracting opportunities 

generated by covered assistance, or authorized representatives of such residents or businesses, may file a 

complaint with HUD alleging that a recipient or contractor is not in compliance with Section 3. Section 3 

complaints must be filed no later than 180 days from the date of the action or omission upon which the 

complaint is based. The Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity may extend the complaint 

filing deadline for good cause shown, pursuant to 24 CFR 135.76(c)(1).

Section 3 Activities in FY 2010-FY 201112

According to information submitted by Section 3 recipient agencies for FY 2010, the expenditure of 

Section 3-covered funding generated over 41,000 new jobs. Section 3 residents received 52 percent of these 

new jobs, compared to the minimum goal of 30 percent. 

Section 3 business concerns received 4,145 construction contracts in FY 2010. Of the $6.39 billion in 

Section 3-covered construction contracts that were awarded during the FY 2012, $537.3 million, or 8.4 percent

were awarded to Section 3 business concerns. In addition, in FY 2010, 5 percent, or $79.2million, of all nonconstruction contracts were awarded to Section 3 business concerns, compared to the minimum goal of 3 

percent.13 

In September 2011, HUD awarded $600,000 to increase hiring of low-income individuals and public 

housing residents. HUD awarded $50,000 each to 12 recipient agencies, including housing authorities, a city, 

and a state, to hire full-time Section 3 Program Coordinators for one year. These grants were awarded to 

housing authorities and jurisdictions with relatively high unemployment and a demonstrated commitment to 

partner with other local agencies to sustain the position after one year. Grants were awarded to the following:

State Recipient

California San Joaquin Housing Authority

Florida Orlando Housing Authority

Illinois Housing Authority of Joliet

 

12 The Section 3 jobs and contracting data for FY 2011 were incomplete for this report. FY 2011 data will reported in the FY 

2012 Annual Report on Fair Housing. 

13 These data are based on form HUD-60002 submitted by 2,632 recipient agencies.
Annual Report on Fair Housing

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FY 2011

Massachusetts City of Springfield

Missouri Housing Authority of Kansas City

Montana State of Montana

New Jersey Trenton Housing Authority

North Carolina Sanford Housing Authority

North Carolina Statesville Housing Authority

Oregon Housing Authority of Portland

Texas San Antonio Housing Authority

Virginia Norfolk Redevelopment and Housing Authority

In addition, HUD took steps to make it easier for recipient agencies to contract with Section 3 business 

concerns. On January 20, 2011, HUD published in the Federal Register its proposed Section 3 Business 

Registry. A six-month pilot program to assess the feasibility of implementing a national registry of Section 3 

business concerns was officially launched January 18, 2012.

Under the program, firms that are located in one of five metropolitan areas, and meet the regulatory 

definition of a Section 3 business concern, can certify their eligibility online at the Section 3 webpage. Once 

certified, these firms are placed into a registry of Section 3 business concerns that will be maintained by 

HUD. Public housing authorities, state and local governments, developers, and others should contact the 

certified Section 3 businesses in their metropolitan area to facilitate the award of construction and nonconstruction contracts to these firms in fulfillment of the regulatory requirements of Section 3.

The pilot program was implemented in five metropolitan areas: (1) Detroit, MI; (2) Los Angeles, CA; (3) 

Miami, FL; (4) New Orleans, LA; and (5) Washington, DC. The Department selected these pilot locations based 

upon current unemployment rates, numbers of small businesses that may be Section 3 eligible, and the 

amounts of HUD funds that may potentially result in contracting opportunities for Section 3 business concerns.
Annual Report on Fair Housing

51

FY 2011

Appendix A: Fair Housing Assistance Program (FHAP)

Agencies, by State, FY 2011

State FHAP Agencies

Arizona State: Arizona Attorney General's Office

Locality: City of Phoenix Equal Opportunity Department

Arkansas State: Arkansas Fair Housing Commission

California State: California Department of Fair Employment and Housing

Colorado State: Colorado Civil Rights Division

Connecticut State: Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities

Delaware State: Delaware Division of Human Relations

District of Columbia State: District of Columbia Office of Human Rights

Florida State: Florida Commission on Human Relations

Localities: Broward County Office of Equal Opportunity

Hillsborough County Board of County Commissioners

Jacksonville Human Rights Commission

 Lee County Office of Equal Opportunity

 Orlando Office of Human Relations 

 Palm Beach County Office of Human Rights

Pinellas County Office of Human Rights

 City of Tampa Office of Community Relations

Georgia State: Georgia Commission on Equal Opportunity

Hawaii State: Hawaii Civil Rights Commission

Illinois State: Illinois Department of Human Rights

Locality: Springfield Community Relations Commission

Indiana State: Indiana Civil Rights Commission

Localities: City of Evansville—Vanderburgh County Human Relations Commission

 Elkhart Human Relations Commission

 Fort Wayne Metropolitan Human Relations Commission

 Gary Human Relations Commission

 Hammond Human Relations Commission

 South Bend Human Relations Commission
Annual Report on Fair Housing

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FY 2011

State FHAP Agencies

Iowa State: Iowa Civil Rights Commission

Localities: Cedar Rapids Civil Rights Commission

 Davenport Civil Rights Commission

 Des Moines Human Rights Commission

 Mason City Human Rights Commission

 Sioux City Human Rights Commission

 Waterloo Commission on Human Rights

Kansas Localities: Lawrence Human Relations Commission and Human Relations/Resources 

 Department 

 City of Olathe Office of Human Services

 Salina Human Relations Department

Kentucky State: Kentucky Commission on Human Rights

Localities: Lexington-Fayette Urban County Human Rights Commission

 Louisville Metro Human Relations Commission

Louisiana State: Louisiana Public Protection Division

Maine State: Maine Human Rights Commission

Maryland State: Maryland Commission on Human Relations

Massachusetts State: Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination

Localities: Boston Fair Housing Commission

 Cambridge Human Rights Commission

Michigan State: Michigan Department of Civil Rights

Minnesota Locality: City of Duluth Human Rights Office

Missouri State: Missouri Commission on Human Rights

Localities: Kansas City Human Relations Department

 St. Louis Civil Rights Enforcement Agency

Nebraska State: Nebraska Equal Opportunity Commission

Localities: Lincoln Commission on Human Rights

 Omaha Human Relations Department

New Jersey State: New Jersey Division on Civil Rights

New York State: New York State Division of Human Rights

Localities: Geneva Human Rights Commission

 Rockland County Commission on Human Rights

 Westchester County Human Rights Commission

North Carolina State: North Carolina Human Relations Commission

Localities: Charlotte-Mecklenburg Community Relations Committee

 Durham Human Relations Commission

 Greensboro Human Relations Department

 Orange County Department of Human Rights and Relations

 Winston-Salem Human Relations Commission

North Dakota State: North Dakota Department of Labor
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FY 2011

State FHAP Agencies

Ohio State: Ohio Civil Rights Commission

Localities: City of Canton Fair Housing Commission

 City of North Olmsted Department of Law

 Dayton Human Relations Council

 Shaker Heights Fair Housing Review Board

Oklahoma State: Oklahoma Human Rights Commission

Oregon State: Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries

Pennsylvania State: Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission

Localities: Erie County Human Relations Commission

 Pittsburgh Human Relations Commission

 Reading Commission on Human Relations

 

Rhode Island State: Rhode Island Commission for Human Rights

South Carolina State: South Carolina Human Affairs Commission

Tennessee State: Tennessee Human Rights Commission

Locality: City of Knoxville Department of Community Development

Texas State: Texas Workforce Commission

Localities: Austin Human Rights Commission

 City of Corpus Christi Department of Human Relations

 City of Dallas Fair Housing Office

 Fort Worth Human Relations Commission

 Garland Office of Housing and Neighborhood Services

Utah State: Utah Anti-Discrimination Division

Vermont State: Vermont Human Rights Commission

Virginia State: Virginia Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation, Fair 

 Housing Administration

Locality: Fairfax County Human Rights Commission

Washington State: Washington State Human Rights Commission

Localities: King County Office of Civil Rights

 Seattle Office for Civil Rights

 Tacoma Human Rights and Human Services Department

West Virginia State: West Virginia Human Rights Commission

Locality: Charleston Human Rights Commission

 
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FY 2011

Appendix B: HUD and FHAP Complaints, by State 

(FY 2011)

State HUD FHAP Total

Alabama 62 N/A 62

Alaska 6 N/A 6

Arizona 11 199 210

Arkansas 5 175 180

California 150 739 889

Colorado 3 122 125

Connecticut 14 87 101

Delaware 1 23 24

District of Columbia 0 24 24

Florida 51 484 535

Georgia 78 40 116

Hawaii 6 42 48

Idaho 91 N/A 91

Illinois 34 305 339

Indiana 0 224 224

Iowa 34 203 237

Kansas 101 25 126

Kentucky 14 104 118

Louisiana 57 134 191

Maine 3 45 48

Maryland 7 66 73

Massachusetts 10 242 252

Michigan 35 302 337

Minnesota 76 2 78

Mississippi 33 N/A 33
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FY 2011

State HUD FHAP Total

Missouri 99 265 364

Montana 15 N/A 15

Nebraska 35 127 162

Nevada 46 N/A 46

New Hampshire 27 N/A 27

New Jersey 44 141 185

New Mexico 61 N/A 61

New York 47 617 664

North Carolina 104 243 257

North Dakota 0 26 26

Ohio 43 488 531

Oklahoma 53 67 120

Oregon 2 120 122

Pennsylvania 26 202 228

Puerto Rico 46 N/A 46

Rhode Island 7 44 51

South Carolina 6 52 58

South Dakota 9 N/A 9

Tennessee 14 128 142

Texas 216 933 1,149

Utah 8 60 68

Vermont 1 19 20

Virgin Islands 1 N/A 1

Virginia 5 113 118

Washington 28 243 271

West Virginia 34 34 38

Wisconsin 102 N/A 102

Wyoming 6 N/A 6

TOTAL 1,847 7,507 9,354
Annual Report on Fair Housing 

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FY 2011

Appendix C: Fair Housing Initiatives Program (FHIP) 

Grants, FY 2011 

ALABAMA

Birmingham Fair Housing Center of Northern Alabama PEI-PB $275,000

The Fair Housing Center of Northern Alabama (FHCNA) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities in 23 counties. 

These activities will include complaint intake, investigation, mediation, and referral services for persons who believe they 

have been victims of discrimination. FHCNA will conduct 150 (75 paired) rental tests, 100 (50 paired) sales tests, and 50 (25 

paired) insurance tests each year. FHCNA will target its education, outreach, and enforcement activities based on the results 

of these tests.

Mobile Mobile Fair Housing Center, Inc. EOI-LC $124,998

The Mobile Fair Housing Center, Inc., (MFHC) will conduct fair lending education and outreach activities in Baldwin, 

Choctaw, Clarke, Conecuh, Escambia, Mobile, Monroe, and Washington counties. MFHC will specifically target these 

activities toward racial and ethnic minorities, persons with limited English proficiency, and persons with disabilities.

Mobile Mobile Fair Housing Center, Inc. PEI-PB $275,000

The Mobile Fair Housing Center, Inc., (MFHC) will provide fair housing enforcement, education, and outreach services in 

Mobile and six other counties. These activities will include complaint investigation and testing, and will focus on disability 

discrimination, including discrimination against disabled verterans. MFHC will partner with at least one faith-based or 

grassroots organization to conduct these activities.

Montgomery Central Alabama Fair Housing Center PEI-PB $274,000

The Central Alabama Fair Housing Center (CAFHC) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the 

investigation and mediation of discrimination complaints, in a 29 county area in central Alabama. CAFHC will focus its 

efforts on addressing discriminatory practices in home sales, rental, and mortgage lending, as well as discrimination against 

persons with disabilities.

ARIZONA

Phoenix Arizona Fair Housing Center PEI-MYFC $320,001

The Arizona Fair Housing Center (AFHC) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, investigation, 

mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints, and tests of housing providers for unlawful discrimination. 

AFHC also will conduct a media campaign to raise awareness of fair housing rights among low to moderate income persons, 

racial and ethnic minorities, persons with limited English proficiency, persons with disabilities, and the elderly.

Tucson Southwest Fair Housing Council PEI-PB $274,309

The Southwest Fair Housing Council (SWFHC) will conduct an array of enforcement, education, and outreach activities

throughout Arizona. These activities will include the intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of houisng discrimination 

complaints. SWFHC will collaborate with two FHAP agencies - the Arizona State Attorney General’s Office and the City of 

Phoenix’s Department of Equal Opportunity – to conduct these activities. 
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FY 2011

CALIFORNIA

Fresno Fair Housing Council of Central California PEI-MYFC $259,034

The Fair Housing Council of Central California (FHCCC) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. FHCCC will use testing to detect subtle and 

sophisticated forms of housing discrimination, such as steering and other practices that perpetuate segregation. FHCCC 

expects that these activities will result in an increase in the number of enforcement actions that it takes on behalf of racial 

and ethnic minorities, recent immigrants, and persons with disabilities. 

Los Angeles Southern California Housing Rights Center PEI-MYFC $324,980

The Southern California Housing Rights Center (HRC) will provide fair housing enforcement services, including the intake, 

investigation, litigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. In addition, HRC will use systemic 

testing and other investigative methods in areas where complaint statistics and other data suggest persistent housing 

discrimination based on race, disability, or familial status. 

Napa Greater Napa Fair Housing Center PEI-MYFC $309,000

The Greater Napa Fair Housing Center (GNFHC), d/b/a Fair Housing Napa Valley (FHNV) will provide broad-based fair housing 

education and enforcement services that include complaint intake, investigation, testing, mediation, and referral, as well as 

an educational program to address historically segregated housing patterns and barriers to fair housing choice in Napa 

County. FHNV will collaborate with 15 faith-based or grassroots organizations to market its fair housing services in English 

and Spanish.

Oakland Bay Area Legal Aid PEI-PB $325,000

Bay Area Legal Aid (BayLegal) will conduct fair housing enforcement, education, and outreach activities in five bay area 

counties: Alameda, Contra Costa, San Francisco, San Mateo, and Santa Clara. These activities will include complaint intake, 

investigation, testing, mediation, and referral. BayLegal estimates that it will receive 1,200 housing discrimination 

complaints, conduct 360 investigations, and conciliate 255 complaints. BayLegal also plans to file 6 administrative 

complaints and submit 6 legal opinions regarding the performance of local entitlement jurisdictions in meeting their 

obligations to affirmatively further fair housing. Additionally, BayLegal will conduct 90 fair housing presentations for the

public, 18 training sessions for local governments and community-based organizations, and 6 training sessions for attorneys. 

Oakland Housing and Economic Rights Advocates FHOI-MRC $154,887

Housing and Economic Rights Advocates (HERA) will implement its Fair Lending and Foreclosure Prevention Project 2011 in 

Solano County. This project will include education and outreach to homeowners through targeted mailings and quarterly 

workshops, legal counseling by phone/in-person to homeowners, and in-depth legal assistance for victims of lending 

discrimination and mortgage rescue fraud. HERA also will provide fair lending legal training for private/legal services 

attorneys. Additionally, HERA will investigate individual and corporate scammers operating in Solano County for the past 24 

months to determine if they are still operating, and if so, pursue complaints or other enforcement actions against them. 

Rancho Cucamonga Inland Fair Housing and Mediation Board EOI-G $125,000

The Inland Fair Housing and Mediation Board (IFHMB) will add a media coordinator position to develop 

interactive/interpretive media to raise awareness of discriminatory housing practices, and address barriers to reporting, 

with a focus on reaching the disabled community in San Bernardino County. The media coordinator also will disseminate 

fair housing information to the agency’s network of 835 agencies, municipalities, schools, faith-based organizations, and

community groups. 
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FY 2011

Rancho Cucamonga Inland Fair Housing and Mediation Board PEI-PB $325,000

The Inland Fair Housing and Mediation Board (IFHMB) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. IFHMB will conduct a minimum of 50 tests to 

detect unlawful discrimination and at least 25 accessibility tests of multifamily properties to determine whether they comply 

with fair housing accessibility requirements. IFHMB also will collaborate with the County of San Bernardino, its 

unincorporated cities and towns, and 12 entitlement cities to affirmatively further fair housing by monitoring 

recommendations made in the Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice. These activities will include developing 

activities, timelines, and action plans in collaboration with government partners to measure progress toward removing 

impediments. In addition, IFHMB will conduct fair housing clinics for disability groups to promote awareness about their fair 

housing rights and IFHMB’s services.

Redwood City Project Sentinel, Inc. PEI-PB $273,787.67

Project Sentinel, Inc., will work with grassroots agencies, legal service providers, and local units of government to 

affirmatively furthering fair housing on behalf of residents of San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Stanislaus counties, 

as well as the city of Fremont. The 36-month project will include four key components: complaint-based testing; systemic 

investigations of discrimination based on race, natinoal origin, disability, and familial status; raising public awareness of fair 

housing issues; and combating predatory and unfair lending practices.

San Francisco California Rural Legal Assistance, Inc. PEI-MRC $250,000

California Rural Legal Assistance, Inc., (CRLA), through its Mortgage Rescue Project, will use a combination of litigation, training for 

legal providers, community education, and advocacy to help stem the tide of predatory lending, foreclosures, and mortgage rescue 

scams. CRLA will provide individual assistance to rural populations, including immigrants, refugees, migrant farm workers, and 

persons with limited English proficiency. CRLA also will identify and address systemic discrimination.

San Francisco California Rural Legal Assistance, Inc. PEI-PB $275,000

California Rural Legal Assistance, Inc., (CRLA) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities in three rural agricultural 

regions in the state of California: the California-Mexico border, the Central Valley, and the Salinas Valley-Central Coast. 

These activities will include the intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. CRLA 

also will work with state and local governments, nonprofit service providers, and fair housing organizations to conduct 

testing of housing providers for discrimination and increase complaint filings from the immigrant and refugee populations, 

migrant farm workers, persons with limited English proficiency, and persons with disabilities.

San Rafael Fair Housing of Marin PEI-PB $324,997

Fair Housing of Marin (FHOM) will conduct fair housing enforcement, education, and outreach activities in Marin, Solano, 

and Sonoma counties. These activities will include the intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of housing 

discrimination complaints, and complaint-based and systemic tests of housing providers for discriminatory practices. In 

particular, FHOM will conduct systemic tests of housing providers for discrimination against Latinos and families with 

children. FHOM also will assist persons with disabilities in requesting reasonable accommodations. FHOM’s education and 

outreach activities will include conducting presentations and seminars on fair housing laws, providing counseling on fair 

lending and foreclosure prevention, distributing fair housing literature, and placing fair housing advertisements in 

newspapers in both English and Spanish.
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FY 2011

DELAWARE 

Wilmington Community Legal Aid Society, Inc. PEI-MYFC $306,998

Community Legal Aid Society, Inc., (CLASI) will provide fair housing enforcement services in the state of Delaware. These 

services will include the intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. Further, CLASI 

will conduct 100 fair housing tests under this project and expand its systemic investigations with the assistance of the 

University of Delaware’s Center for Community Research and Services (CCRS). CLASI also will collaborate with other housing 

advocates in the state to implement recommendations in the recently released Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing 

Choice in Delaware. 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Washington Equal Rights Center EOI-G $125,000

The Equal Rights Center will conduct activities geared toward persons discriminated against on the basis of national origin, 

religion, sexual orientation (as a proxy for sex), or disability. These activities will include conducting 15 “Know Your Rights” 

presentations throughout the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area, designing a new field guide for housing developers and 

providers on best practices for creating accessible units when constructing multifamily housing, and designing a new selfadvocacy toolkit that addresses the intersection of national origin and religion, and housing discrimination against the Arab, 

Sikh, and Muslim communities.

Washington Equal Rights Center PEI-PB $325,000

The Equal Rights Center (ERC) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. 

ERC will investigate housing discrimination complaints, using testing and other methods. ERC expects to receive 240 housing 

discrimination complaints and refer 30 meritorious complaints to HUD or the District of Columbia Office of Human Rights, a 

FHAP agency. Additionally, ERC will conduct fair housing education and outreach in the community. 

Washington Housing Counseling Services, Inc. EOI-LC $125,000

Housing Counseling Services, Inc., (HCS) will conduct education and outreach on identifying and reporting lending 

discrimination, mortgage fraud, and mortgage rescue scams. These activities will include holding educational events for the 

public and providing individual counseling to homeowners and homebuyers. HCS also will identify and analyze patterns of 

discrimination related to the lending process for possible enforcement under the Fair Housing Act.

Washington Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law FHOI-MRC $323,054

The Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law will expand the National Loan Modification Scam Prevention Network. 

The network’s activities will include collecting and cataloging reports of mortgage rescue scams from victims, continuing 

ongoing litigation against scammers, and bringing new lawsuits. The Lawyers’ Committee expects that it will seek the 

successful resolution of lawsuits against scammers for 200 - 400 plaintiffs. The Lawyers’ Committee also plans to partner 

with non-governmental organizations and governmental regulatory and enforcement agencies and enter into agreements 

with two mortgage servicers to share database information. In addition, the Lawyers’ Committee will develop training for

real estate professionals and lawyers on mortgage fraud.

Washington National Community Reinvestment Coalition EOI-NAFFH $499,664

The National Community Reinvestment Coalition (NCRC) will design and deliver affirmatively furthering fair housing training 

courses to HUD recipients, including Community Development Block Grant recipients, Fair Housing Assistance Program 

agencies, and Fair Housing Initiatives Program grantees. These training courses will educate participants on how to comply 

with the duty to affirmatively further fair housing, including methods for addressing impediments to fair housing choice. 

NCRC will conduct these training courses in Chicago, IL; Los Angeles, CA; Orlando, FL; Washington, DC; and White Plains, NY. 
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FY 2011

Washington National Community Reinvestment Coalition EOI-NMCC $1,000,000

The National Community Reinvestment Coalition (NCRC) will target a national media campaign to educate African 

Americans, Latinos, people with disabilities, families with children, and immigrants about their fair housing rights, with a 

secondary focus on informing housing industry professionals of their obligations under fair housing laws. The campaign will 

focus on discrimination in home rental and sales. NCRC will produce seven print advertisements and one poster in English 

and Spanish. NCRC also will develop two 30-second and one 15-second fair housing television advertisements in English 

and Spanish and place the advertisements in a least five major television markets. Additionally, NCRC will generate at least 

10 media stories regarding fair housing and post information about the campaign on their website, 

http://www.ncrc.org. NCRC will evaluate the campaign’s effectiveness by examining the following metrics: return on 

investment of all paid advertising (advertising costs versus number of inquiries turned into complaints); impact of 

advertisements (circulation x target audience % probable read rates x average retention); impact of social media interactive 

campaign (number of interactions and downloads); and total number of complaints generated.

Washington National Community Reinvestment Coalition FHOI-MRC $324,410

The National Community Reinvestment Coalition (NCRC) will investigate systemic lending discrimination by conducting file 

reviews and matched-paired mortgage lending tests. Specifically, NCRC will conduct matched-paired mortgage rescue scam 

phone tests in 6 cities. NCRC also will provide training and technical assistance to partner organizations in metropolitan 

statistical areas that are historically segregated, have been hit hard by the foreclosure crisis, and have experienced disparate 

levels of subprime lending to their minority populations. Through this project, NCRC will increase the capacity of 5 partner 

organizations, local housing counseling groups, or other relevant nonprofit organizations. NCRC will help these 

organizations address systemic discrimination in mortgage lending and loan servicing at the local, regional, and national 

level. In addition, NCRC will create a mortgage rescue scam brochure in English and Spanish

Washington National Community Reinvestment Coalition PEI-MRC $321,743

The National Community Reinvestment Coalition (NCRC) will investigate systemic lending discrimination by conducting file 

reviews and matched-paired mortgage lending tests. NCRC also will provide training and technical assistance to partner 

organizations in metropolitan statistical areas that are historically segregated, have been hit hard by the foreclosure crisis, 

and have experienced disparate levels of subprime lending to their minority populations. NCRC will help these organizations

address systemic discrimination in mortgage lending and loan servicing at the local, regional, and national level.

Washington National Fair Housing Alliance FHOI-ENOC $1,250,000

The National Fair Housing Alliance (NFHA) will establish a new full-service, non-profit fair housing center serving six counties 

in the Denver metropolitan area. NFHA will collaborate with local partners to recruit, organize, and train the Board of 

Directors and assist the Board and the executive director to hire and train all additional staff. The new fair housing center 

will provide a full range of services including investigative and testing services, administrative and legal enforcement 

services, and education and outreach activities in both English and Spanish. The new fair housing center will collaborate 

with NFHA and disability-rights groups to obtain funding for persons with disabilities to make structural modifications to 

their housing to improve accessibility.

Washington National Fair Housing Alliance PEI-MRC $323,591

The National Fair Housing Alliance (NFHA) will conduct testing investigations to address mortgage modification scams,

lending discrimination, and REO foreclosure discrimination. NFHA will conduct the mortgage modification scam testing in 

the Washington, DC, metropolitan area, but the testing will include companies doing business across the country via the 

Internet. NFHA will conduct the lending testing and REO investigations in multiple cities and states.
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FY 2011

Washington National Fair Housing Alliance PEI-MYFC $325,000

The National Fair Housing Alliance (NFHA) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including at least 464 rental, 

sales, lending, and design and construction tests. NFHA will conduct these tests in multiple CDBG jurisdictions across the 

country, targeting cities where no private, nonprofit, full-service fair housing centers currently operate. These systemic 

investigations will provide CDBG recipients with more knowledge about how discrimination occurs in their localities so they 

can design better remedies in their Consolidated Plans for eliminating barriers to fair housing. NFHA will develop systemic 

investigation based on initial testing evidence and bring administrative or legal enforcement actions. 

FLORIDA

Daytona Beach Community Legal Services of Mid-Florida, Inc. PEI-MRC $325,000

Community Legal Services of Mid-Florida, Inc., (CLSMF) will conduct a 1-year fair lending/mortgage rescue project in the 

Orlando metropolitan statistical area. CLSMF will examine loan servicers and local banks for discriminatory practices, 

conduct testing, file complaints with appropriate agencies, and pursue individual cases through litigation. Additionally, 

CLSMF will provide technical assistance and training on GIS mapping and HMDA analysis to build the capacity of local nonprofit organizations to investigate housing and lending discrimination. CLSMF also will conduct education and outreach on 

fair lending in English, Spanish, Haitian Creole, and Vietnamese.

Daytona Beach Community Legal Services of Mid-Florida, Inc. PEI-MYFC $325,000

Community Legal Services of Mid-Florida, Inc., (CLSMF) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. CLSMF also will conduct complaint-based and 

systemic testing of housing providers for unlawful discrimination. In addition, CLSMF will conduct fair housing education 

and outreach activities, including holding workshops in English and Spanish and distributing educational materials in English, 

Spanish, Haitian Creole, and Vietnamese. CLSMF will conduct these activities in the counties of Citrus, Flagler, Hernando, 

Lake, Marion, Orange, Putnam, and Sumter. 

Jacksonville Jacksonville Area Legal Aid, Inc. PEI-MYFC $324,902

Jacksonville Area Legal Aid, Inc., (JALA) will provide fair housing enforcement services, including complaint intake, 

investigation, mediation, referral, and litigation, when necessary. JALA also will conduct complaint-based and systemic 

testing of housing providers for discriminatory practices. 

Melbourne Fair Housing Continuum, Inc. PEI-MYFC $320,667

The Fair Housing Continuum, Inc., will provide the full range of fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. The Fair Housing Continuum also will recruit 

and train testers and conduct test of housing providers for discriminatory practices. Additionally, the Fair Housing 

Continuum will assist persons with disabilities with requesting reasonable accommodations and conduct training events and 

accessibility workshops.

Miami Gardens Housing Opportunities Project for Excellence, Inc. EOI-G $125,000

Housing Opportunities Project for Excellence, Inc., (HOPE) will develop a fair housing and civil rights compliance training 

program for recipients of federal funds for housing related programs. HOPE will partner with the Florida Association of 

Housing and Redevelopment Officials (FAHRO) to provide training to public housing authorities and other federally assisted 

housing providers throughout the state of Florida. 

Miami Gardens Housing Opportunities Project for Excellence, Inc. PEI-PB $325,000

Housing Opportunities Project for Excellence, Inc., (HOPE) will provide fair housing enforcement services in Broward and 

Miami-Dade counties. These services will include interviewing potential victims of discrimination, taking complaints, testing,

evaluating testing results, conducting preliminary investigations, facilitating mediation where appropriate, and enforcing 

meritorious claims through litigation or referral to HUD or FHAP agencies. HOPE also will conduct fair housing education and 

outreach for housing providers and consumers. Outreach activities will be conducted in English, Spanish, and Creole.
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62

FY 2011

Tampa Bay Area Legal Services, Inc. PEI-MYFC $292,920

Bay Area Legal Services, Inc., will provide fair housing enforcement services, including complaint intake, investigation, 

mediation, testing, and referral. Bay Area Legal Services also will assist persons with disabilities with requesting reasonable 

accommodations or reasonable modifications. Additionally, Bay Area Legal Services will conduct educational activities for 

housing consumers and providers on their fair housing rights and obligations. 

West Palm Beach Legal Aid Society of Palm Beach County, Inc. EOI-LC $125,000

The Legal Aid Society of Palm Beach County, Inc., will use this grant to educate the public, local housing and real estate 

professionals, and lenders on fair housing and fair lending laws. These activities will focus on addressing lending and 

insurance discrimination, predatory lending, and mortgage rescue scams targeted at racial and ethnic minorities and persons 

with disabilities. 

West Palm Beach Legal Aid Society of Palm Beach County, Inc. PEI-MRC $318,270

The Legal Aid Society of Palm Beach County, Inc., Mortgage Rescue Project will conduct enforcement activities to address 

local discriminatory lending practices and mortgage rescue fraud. These activities will include the intake and investigation of 

lending discrimination and mortgage rescue complaints. The Legal Aid Society will work to resolve complaints through 

mediation or other voluntary resolution processes rather than through litigation, whenever it is possible and in the best 

interest of the client.

West Palm Beach Legal Aid Society of Palm Beach County, Inc. PEI-MYFC $313,246

The Legal Aid Society of Palm Beach County, Inc., will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, litigation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. The Legal Aid Society also will recruit 

and train testers and conduct testing of housing providers for discriminatory practices. Additionally, the Legal Aid Society 

will conduct fair housing education and outreach activities, including producing and distributing a quarterly newsletter for 

housing advocates and case workers.

GEORGIA

East Point Metro Fair Housing Services, Inc. PEI-PB $275,000

Metro Fair Housing Services, Inc., will conduct fair housing enforcement, education, and outreach activities in Cobb, 

Gwinnett, Hall, and Henry counties, with a focus on assisting Latinos and persons with disabilities. The organization will 

conduct intake, investigation, mediation, litigation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. The organization also 

will conduct complaint-based and systemic testing of housing providers for discriminatory practices. Metro Fair Housing 

Services will partner with faith-based organizations to help deliver its services.

Hinesville JCVISION and Associates EOI-G $120,330

JCVISION and Associates will assist the City of Brunswick, the City of Hinesville, and the City of Pembroke in meeting their 

duty to affirmatively further fair housing by helping them address impediments to fair housing choice that were identified in 

the applicable Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice. JCVISION will assist the cities in implementing a fair housing 

marketing plan, conducting fair housing education programs, and receiving housing discrimination complaints from

residents who believe their rights have been violated. 
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63

FY 2011

HAWAII

Honolulu Legal Aid Society of Hawaii PEI-MYFC $325,000

The Legal Aid Society of Hawaii (LASH) will offer a full-service fair housing enforcement program. This program will include

the intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. LASH also will conduct testing of 

housing providers for unlawful discrimination and inspections of newly constructed multifamily housing for compliance with 

fair housing accessibility requirements. LASH plans to expand testing statewide with a focus on recruitment and training for 

testers on islands other than Oahu. Additionally, LASH will conduct fair housing education and outreach activities, including 

providing fair housing training to housing providers and social service agencies and distributing fair housing informational 

materials.

IDAHO

Boise Idaho Legal Aid Services, Inc. EOI-G $96,878

Idaho Legal Aid Services, Inc., (ILAS) will conduct fair housing education and outreach activities, including 122 presentations

to Hispanics, Native Americans, persons with disabilities, and residents of rural areas, and 7 capacity building presentations 

to government and social service agency staff. ILAS also will conduct a fair housing media campaign for television, radio, and 

print in English and Spanish, publish a fair housing newsletter with a circulation of 6,500, and create a fair housing portal on 

its website. ILAS estimates that it will refer 210 housing discrimination complaints to HUD.

Boise Idaho Legal Aid Services, Inc. EOI-LC $124,906

Idaho Legal Aid Services, Inc., (ILAS) will provide a statewide fair housing/fair lending education and outreach program, 

targeted at low-income rural populations, persons with disabilities, recent immigrants, and single female heads-ofhouseholds with children. ILAS will refer housing discrimination complaints to HUD.

Boise Intermountain Fair Housing Council, Inc. EOI-G $124,654

Intermountain Fair Housing Council, Inc., (IFHC) will provide a statewide fair housing/fair lending education and outreach 

program, targeted at low-income rural populations, persons with disabilities, recent immigrants, and single female heads-ofhouseholds with children. ILAS will refer housing discrimination complaints to HUD.

ILLINOIS

Chicago Access Living of Metropolitan Chicago PEI-PB $325,000

Access Living of Metropolitan Chicago, a disability-rights organization governed and administered by people with disabilities, 

will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including complaint intake, investigation, testing, mediation, and litigation. 

Access Living will conduct education and outreach activities to empower consumers to solve fair housing disputes on their 

own, inform housing providers on how to comply with fair housing laws, and instruct architects and developers about fair 

housing accessibility requirements. Access Living will update and distribute its Fair Housing Handbook in Chinese, Polish, 

and Spanish as well as provide other materials for consumers, advocates, and attorneys in alternative formats for individuals 

who are blind or vision-impaired. 

Chicago Chicago Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, Inc. PEI-PB $325,000

The Chicago Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law will provide fair housing enforcement services, including 

complaint intake, investigation, testing, mediation, and referral. The Lawyers’ Committee expects that it will receive at least 

150 housing discrimination complaints, recruit and train 30 testers, conduct 150 tests, and refer 20 cases to pro bono 

lawyers. Additionally, the Lawyers’ Committee will conduct 15 fair housing workshops for tenants, homeowners, and 

landlords, some of which will be conducted in collaboration with the Illinois Department of Human Rights, a FHAP agency. 

These workshops will be available in English and Spanish.
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FY 2011

Chicago John Marshall Law School EOI-HEC $99,668

The John Marshall Law School (JMLS) will continue developing and implementing curricula for students to pursue careers in 

fair housing law and investigation. JMLS has designed a fair housing internship program for undergraduate students, which

consists of a fair housing course and placement in its Fair Housing Legal Clinic, the Illinois Department of Human Rights, or 

other fair housing enforcement agency or organization. JMLS will select 12 students to participate in this internship.

Chicago John Marshall Law School EOI-LC $62,568

The John Marshall Law School (JMLS) will formulate and expand programs to assist borrowers and homeowners at risk of 

becoming a victim of lending discrimination or mortgage rescue scams. JMLS will use its students to evaluate home lending 

documents for discriminatory or predatory terms, counsel borrowers about their rights under federal, state, and local laws, 

and restructure loans and prevent foreclosures using non-litigation techniques. Additionally, students will conduct seminars 

on discriminatory home lending practices. 

Chicago John Marshall Law School PEI-PB $274,958.33

The John Marshall Law School’s Fair Housing Legal Clinic will provide legal representation to victims of housing 

discrimination and, when necessary, conduct tests to determine whether discrimination has occurred. The clinic expects 

that it will maintain an active caseload of approximately 40 to 45 cases a year.

Homewood South Suburban Housing Center PEI-MYFC $324,775

South Suburban Housing Center (SSHC) will provide comprehensive fair housing and fair lending enforcement, counseling,

and advocacy assistance for victims of discriminatory practices. SSHC will conduct intake, investigation, testing, mediation, 

and referral of housing discrimination complaints. Additionally, SSHC will perform fair housing education and outreach and 

work with local governments to implement regional activities to affirmatively further fair housing. 

Oak Park Oak Park Regional Housing Center EOI-G $125,000

The Oak Park Regional Housing Center (OPRHC) will provide fair housing education and outreach in Cook County. OPRHC 

will reach out to persons at risk of discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, disability, or 

familial status. In addition, OPRHC will engage with housing providers, housing industry professionals, and government 

officials to build their capacities to affirmatively further fair housing and promote open, diverse, and equitable communities.

Wheaton HOPE Fair Housing Center PEI-MRC $312,576

HOPE Fair Housing Center will use this grant to conduct lending investigations, especially in the more remote and rural 

locations in its service area. HOPE also will conduct systemic investigations of mortgage lending practices, including lending 

availability and terms and conditions for persons with disabilities, as well as investigations into REO (bank owned, 

foreclosed) homes in select comparable neighborhoods. In addition, HOPE will conduct education and outreach activities for 

housing providers, neighborhood groups, and the public.

Wheaton HOPE Fair Housing Center PEI-MYFC $324,020

HOPE Fair Housing Center (HOPE) will provide fair housing enforcement services in northern Illinois. HOPE will conduct 

intake, investigation, testing, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. HOPE also will conduct systemic 

investigations of discrimination in availability or terms and conditions of rental housing based on disability, non-compliance 

with fair housing accessibility requirements, and discriminatory real estate sales practices in northern Illinois. 

Winnetka Interfaith Housing Center of the Northern Suburbs EOI-G $125,000

Interfaith Housing Center of the Northern Suburbs will conduct fair housing education and outreach activities in Cook and 

Lake counties. The centerpiece of its activities will be the continuation of its Fair Housing Advocate Training Program. This 

program provides training for advocates on promoting policies and programs that affirmatively further fair housing. 

Additionally, Interfaith Housing Center will promote public awareness of fair housing, particularly among racial and ethnic 

minorities, immigrants, persons with disabilities, and families with children.
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FY 2011

Winnetka Interfaith Housing Center of the Northern Suburbs EOI-LC $110,874

Interfaith Housing Center of the Northern Suburbs will educate residents about fair housing and conduct outreach projects 

that focus on fair lending and mortgage scam prevention. These projects will include hosting fair housing and fair lending 

workshops, providing counseling to homeowners at risk of discrimination, and developing and distributing multi-lingual 

materials on avoiding becoming a victim of lending discrimination or mortgage rescue scams. 

Winnetka Interfaith Housing Center of the Northern Suburbs PEI-PB $235,687

Interfaith Housing Center of the Northern Suburbs will provide fair housing enforcement services in Cook and Lake counties. 

Interfaith Housing Center will conduct intake, investigation, mediation, litigation, and referral of housing discrimination 

complaints. Interfaith Housing Center also will conduct complaint-based and systemic tests of housing providers for 

discriminatory practices and monitor online and print advertisements for discriminatory language. Additionally, Interfaith 

Housing Center will study the extent of affirmative marketing practices of retirement communities on the north shore by 

conducting focus groups, surveying online and print advertisements, and researching the demographics of these 

communities. Interfaith Housing Center will present the results of its testing, focus groups, and market research to county 

and municipal leaders to help them identify barriers to fair housing.

KENTUCKY

Lexington Lexington Fair Housing Council PEI-MYFC $296,996

The Lexington Fair Housing Council, Inc., will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including complaint intake, 

investigation, testing, mediation, litigation, and referral. The council also will conduct fair housing education and outreach 

activities, including providing training for housing providers and conducting multi-lingual workshops in the community. In 

addition, the council will partner with Kentucky State University to educate students about fair housing.

LOUISIANA

New Orleans Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Action Center, Inc. EOI-G $125,000

The Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Action Center, Inc., (GNOFHAC) will provide fair housing education to housing 

providers, homeowners, renters, social service providers, government officials, and other stakeholders. GNOFHAC will 

launch the Fair Housing University educational initiative and offer at least two Fair Housing University classes for the public 

free of charge. GNOFHAC also will partner with Fair Housing Accessibility FIRST program to offer a capacity building 

workshop regarding fair housing protections for people with disabilities. Additionally, GNOFHAC will conceptualize and 

implement a community-based multi-media theater piece that addresses fair housing issues facing women in Louisiana.

New Orleans Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Action Center, Inc. PEI-MRC $325,000

The Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Action Center, Inc., (GNOFHAC) will provide fair housing enforcement, education, and 

outreach services with a focus on fair lending and mortgage rescue. GNOFHAC will conduct investigations and testing. 

Additionally, GNOFHAC will assist homeowners with loan modifications, refinancing, or other workouts.

New Orleans Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Action Center, Inc. PEI-MYFC $325,000

The Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Action Center, Inc., (GNOFHAC) will perform fair housing enforcement activities 

including the intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. GNOFHAC also will 

conduct complaint-based and systemic testing of housing providers for unlawful discrimination. 
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FY 2011

MAINE 

Portland Pine Tree Legal Assistance, Inc. PEI-PB $325,000

Pine Tree Legal Assistance, Inc., a full-service fair housing organization, will provide fair housing enforcement services, 

including complaint intake, investigation, testing, mediation, and referral. Pine Tree Legal Assistance will focus its 

enforcement activities on discrimination against racial and ethnic minorities, particularly recent immigrants and persons 

with limited English proficiency, as well as discrimination against persons with disabilities. Pine Tree Legal Assistance also 

will focus on serving homeowners and tenants in mobile home parks, an important source of homeownership for low‐

income Mainers. Additionally, the organization will conduct education and outreach activities designed to increase 

awareness of fair housing among government officials, nonprofit groups, and the public.

MARYLAND

Baltimore Baltimore Neighborhoods, Inc. PEI-MYFC $324,411

Baltimore Neighborhoods, Inc., (BNI) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, investigation, 

testing, litigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. BNI also will disseminate information on fair 

housing laws. BNI will focus its efforts in Anne Arundel, Carroll, and Prince George’s counties, as well as on the Eastern 

Shore. 

MASSACHUSETTS

Boston Fair Housing Center of Greater Boston PEI-MYFC $325,000

The Fair Housing Center of Greater Boston (FHCGB) will serve Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk and Plymouth counties. 

FHCGB will provide fair housing enforcement services, including complaint intake, investigation, mediation, testing, and 

referral. In addition, FHCGB will provide sixty fair housing training sessions to housing seekers and housing providers in

twelve different languages and provide nine affirmatively furthering fair housing training sessions to local government 

agencies and nonprofit organizations.

Holyoke Housing Discrimination Project PEI-PB $325,000

The Housing Discrimination Project (HDP) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. HDP will conduct tests of housing providers, 

including linguistic profiling tests, for discriminatory practices. HDP also will work to affirmatively further fair housing by 

partnering with two local housing authorities to help Section 8 voucher holders move from high-poverty communities to 

low-poverty communities and analyzing the impact of zoning ordinances on residential segregation. Additionally, HDP will 

conduct education and outreach activities for the housing industry on their obligations under fair housing laws, for private 

lawyers on litigating complaints of housing discrimination, and for medical clinics on the intersection of health and fair 

housing. 

Springfield HAP, Inc. EOI-G $117,409

HAP, Inc., will provide a variety of education, outreach, and counseling services to increase awareness of fair housing rights 

in the community and help address the high incidence of predatory lending against racial and ethnic minorities. HAP also 

will help housing providers better understand their obligations under fair housing laws, particularly their obligation to make 

reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities. 
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FY 2011

Worcester Community Legal Aid PEI-MRC $182,000

Community Legal Aid (CLA) will perform investigation and enforcement activities for homeowners threatened with 

foreclosure. These activities will include assisting homeowners with loan modifications, conducting mapping and census 

analysis, and enforcing the rights of homeowners who are threatened with, or have gone through, foreclosure as the result 

of discriminatory lending practices. CLA also will participate in a statewide working group and two taskforces where 

information and best practices can be disseminated about legal developments and strategies for foreclosure prevention. In 

addition, CLA will work with partners to deliver legal education workshops for homeowners at risk of foreclosure.

Worcester Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts PEI-PB $237,933.33

Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts (LACCM), in partnership with the City of Worcester, will provide fair 

housing enforcement services, including complaint intake, investigation, testing, and mediation. When necessary, LACCM 

attorneys will litigate cases in administrative forums and state and federal courts. LACCM will work to obtain monetary and 

injunctive relief for complainants and will monitor compliance with settlement agreements.

MICHIGAN

Ann Arbor Fair Housing Center of Southeastern Michigan PEI-MYFC $275,765

The Fair Housing Center of Southeastern Michigan (FHC) will provide fair housing enforcement services in Ingham, Jackson, 

Lenawee, Livingston, Monroe, and Washtenaw counties. These services will include the intake, investigation, mediation, 

and referral of housing discrimination complaints. FHC also will conduct tests of housing providers for unlawful 

discrimination. In addition, FHC will help persons with disabilities request reasonable accommodations.

Detroit Fair Housing Center of Metropolitan Detroit PEI-MYFC $299,525

The Fair Housing Center of Metropolitan Detroit (FHCMD) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake 

and investigation of complaints and testing of housing providers for unlawful discrimination. On average, FHCMD investigates 

150 housing discrimination complaints per year and conducts 110 tests per year. Additionally, FHCMD will conduct fair housing 

education and outreach activities.

Flint Legal Services of Eastern Michigan PEI-MYFC $266,448

Legal Services of Eastern Michigan (LSEM) will perform fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. LSEM also will conduct complaint-based and 

systemic testing of housing providers for unlawful discrimination. In addition, LSEM will conduct fair housing education and 

outreach activities. 

Grand Rapids Fair Housing Center of West Michigan EOI-G $125,000

The Fair Housing Center of West Michigan (FHCWM) will provide comprehensive fair housing education and outreach 

services in Allegan, Grand Traverse, Ionia, Isabella, Kent, Mecosta, Montcalm, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oceana, Osceola, and 

Ottawa counties, and in other parts of the state as needed. As part of this project, FHCWM will provide fair housing training 

to members of the housing industry, including architects, builders, contractors, mortgage lenders, property managers, and 

real estate agents. FHCWM also will promote public awareness of fair housing rights, particularly among racial and ethnic 

minorities, persons with limited English proficiency, persons with disabilities, and families with children.

Grand Rapids Fair Housing Center of West Michigan PEI-MYFC $325,000

The Fair Housing Center of West Michigan (FHCWM) will provide comprehensive fair housing enforcement services Allegan, 

Grand Traverse, Ionia, Isabella, Kent, Mecosta, Montcalm, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oceana, Osceola, and Ottawa counties, and 

in other parts of the state as needed. These activities will include the intake, investigation, testing, mediation, and referral 

of housing discrimination complaints. FHCWM also will develop systemic investigations of housing discrimination, building 

upon previous FHIP-funded activities.
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FY 2011

Kalamazoo Fair Housing Center of Southwest Michigan PEI-PB $302,766

The Fair Housing Center of Southwest Michigan (FHC) will conduct a range of fair housing enforcement activities, including 

investigating complaints, training testers, performing rental and sales paired tests, and developing systemic investigations of 

violations of the Fair Housing Act. FHC also will conduct fair housing training for landlords and partner with nonprofit groups 

to provide education and outreach activities for housing consumers, including persons with limited English proficiency.

MINNESOTA

Minneapolis Legal Aid Society of Minneapolis PEI-PB $325,000

The Legal Aid Society of Minneapolis will partner with Southern Minnesota Regional Legal Services to conduct fair housing 

enforcement activities in the rental and homeownership markets in the Minneapolis Empowerment Zone. These services 

will include complaint intake, investigation, testing, mediation, litigation, and referral. The Legal Aid Society of Minneapolis 

estimates that it will receive at least 1,200 housing discrimination complaints and will obtain remedies for at least 400 

victims of housing discrimination. In addition, the Legal Aid Society of Minneapolis will provide technical assistance to public 

and private partners and work with developers to comply with fair housing accessibility requirements and incorporate 

visitability and universal design features.

MISSISSIPPI

Gulfport Fair Housing Center of the Gulf Coast Region of Mississippi EOI-G $125,000

The Gulf Coast Fair Housing Center (GCFHC) will provide fair housing education and outreach in George, Hancock, Harrison, 

Jackson, Pearl River, and Stone counties. GCFHC will organize community meetings, host a fair housing conference, and 

distribute fair housing materials. GCFHC estimates that it will reach 30,000 residents.

Hattiesburg University of Southern Mississippi EOI-G $125,000

The University of Southern Mississippi Institute for Disability Studies will conduct HousingSmart: Next Generation, a program 

to provide fair housing information to the public, particularly persons with disabilities and the elderly. The University of

Southern Mississippi will conduct this program in collaboration with the Mississippi Home Corporation, Disability Rights 

Mississippi, Living Independence for Everyone of Mississippi, the Gulf Coast Fair Housing Center, the Mississippi Department 

of Mental Health, and the Mississippi Leadership Council on Aging.

MISSOURI

Jefferson City Missouri Commission on Human Rights EOI-G $124,675

The Missouri Commission on Human Rights (MCHR) has targeted two areas for this grant –the Joplin area and southeast 

Missouri - due to the natural disasters that occurred there. MCHR will conduct a variety of activities in these areas to inform 

residents about their fair housing rights and how to file housing discrimination complaints. These activities will include 

hosting fair housing meetings and distributing literature in the community with the help of the Community Housing 

Resource Board and Castillo Private Freelance Consultant and Speaker.

St. Louis Metropolitan St. Louis Equal Housing Opportunity Council PEI-PB $272,614

The Metropolitan St. Louis Equal Housing Opportunity Council (EHOC) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities in 

southern Illinois and eastern Missouri. EHOC will investigate housing discrimination complaints, test housing providers for 

unlawful discrimination, and help victims of housing discrimination exercise their fair housing rights. In addition, EHOC will 

work to increase the number of affordable housing units that are accessible for persons with disabilities. 
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FY 2011

MONTANA

Butte Montana Fair Housing, Inc. PEI-MYFC $167,900

Montana Fair Housing, Inc., (MFH) will provide fair housing enforcement services, including the intake, investigation, 

mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. MFH also will conduct testing of housing providers for 

unlawful discrimination and inspect newly constructed multifamily housing for compliance with fair housing accessibility 

requirements. MFH will work to promote fair housing choice by distributing lists of accessible/adaptable housing units to 

persons with mobility impairments, providing fair housing training for housing providers, consumers and advocates, and

working to address the impediments outlined in Montana's Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice. 

NEBRASKA

Omaha Family Housing Advisory Services, Inc. PEI-MYFC $325,000

Family Housing Advisory Services, Inc., (FHAS) will provide broad-based, full-service activities in Nebraska and western Iowa. 

These activities include on-site intake and fair housing assessments at partnering agencies, complaint investigation, and 

testing of housing providers for discriminatory practices. FHAS will conduct outreach to the public and maintain a 24-hour 

hotline and website to assist victims of discrimination and will work with government officials to affirmatively further fair 

housing.

NEVADA

Reno Silver State Fair Housing Council FHOI-CDGC $324,998

Silver State Fair Housing Council (SSFHC) will use its grant to open a satellite office in Las Vegas. This office will provide fair 

housing enforcement services, including the intake, investigation, testing, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination 

complaints. Additionally, this office will help conduct systemic investigations of housing discrimination. 

Reno Silver State Fair Housing Council PEI-MYFC $325,000

Silver State Fair Housing Council (SSFHC) will continue its enforcement program, which includes conducting complaint intake 

and assessment, developing viable enforcement proposals, and referring all bona fide claims to HUD. This program also 

includes conducting testing of housing providers for unlawful discrimination and conducting on-site assessments of newly 

constructed multifamily housing for compliance with fair housing accessibility requirements. SSFHC also will assist persons 

with disabilities with requesting reasonable accommodations or reasonable modifications and develop a tool to help 

healthcare professionals write viable support letters for clients. In addition, SSFHC will conduct fair housing education and 

outreach activities, including training for housing consumers, housing providers, and social service providers.

NEW JERSEY

Hackensack Fair Housing Council of Northern New Jersey PEI-PB $325,000

The Fair Housing Council of Northern New Jersey (FHCNNJ) will provide fair housing enforcement services. FHCNNJ will 

investigate and refer complaints to HUD, recruit and train 20 testers per year, and conduct 180 rental and sales tests per 

year. FHCNNJ will focus it enforcement efforts on areas in the northeastern and southern parts of the state where previous 

testing revealed a high level of discrimination against racial and ethnic minorities, persons with disabilities, and families with 

children. Additionally, FHCNNJ will provide fair housing training to community groups and distribute at least 2,000 fair 

housing flyers per year to community groups and faith-based organizations. 
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FY 2011

Newark Citizen Action of New Jersey EOI-G $125,000

Citizen Action of New Jersey will conduct education and outreach activities on fair housing and how to avoid and report 

predatory lending, foreclosure rescue scams, and other fair lending violations. These activities will target community 

leaders, racial and ethnic minorities, persons with limited English proficiency, and persons with disabilities. 

NEW YORK

Bohemia Long Island Housing Services, Inc. FHOI-MRC $325,000

Long Island Housing Services, Inc., (LIHS) will use its grant to enhance staff expertise on conducting systemic investigations of

lending discrimination. LIHS will identify patterns of lending discrimination or mortgage fraud against protected groups or in 

certain neighborhoods for possible enforcement action. In addition, LIHS will provide assistance to victims of lending 

discrimination and will work to prevent victimization by conducting education and outreach. 

Bohemia Long Island Housing Services, Inc. PEI-PB $275,000

Long Island Housing Services, Inc., (LIHS) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities in Nassau and Suffolk counties. 

These activities will include the intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. Special 

outreach will be targeted to racial and ethnic minorities, particularly those with limited English proficiency, persons with 

disabilities, and families with children.

Bronx Legal Services NYC-Bronx FHOI-MRC $325,000

The Legal Services NYC-Bronx Foreclosure Prevention Unit will provide homeowners with a range of services to prevent 

foreclosure, redress the effects of discriminatory mortgage practices, prevent homeowners from falling prey to mortgage 

rescue scams or mortgage servicing abuses, and identify and engage in litigation to address discriminatory lending practices and 

servicing abuses. Legal Services NYC-Bronx also will undertake a community-education initiative to assist community members 

and other advocates in devising strategies to prevent abuses and protect the homes of minority and elderly or disabled 

homeowners. 

Bronx Legal Services NYC-Bronx PEI-MRC $325,000

The Legal Services NY-Bronx Foreclosure Prevention Unit will provide in-depth assessment and counseling to homeowners at 

risk of foreclosure. Legal Services NY-Bronx will identify the level of service appropriate to each case, making referrals to 

appropriate agencies where legal intervention is not cost-effective, providing pro se assistance where simple defenses are 

available, providing comprehensive services where legal intervention is needed, and selecting cases in which discrimination 

claims are viable for intensive litigation. In addition, the organization will develop survey instruments for use in analyzing 

lending practices that have a discriminatory impact or intent with a particular focus on FHA-insured loans, refinancing scams, 

and systemic failures to adhere to loss mitigation requirements.

Brooklyn Brooklyn Housing and Family Services, Inc. FHOI-MRC $325,000

Brooklyn Housing and Family Services, Inc., (BHFS) will provide fair housing and foreclosure prevention counseling in English, 

Chinese, French, Spanish, and Russian. Additionally, BHFS will conduct education and outreach activities, including 

participating in monthly community workshops, semiannual expositions, and annual conferences. BHFS will provide 

outreach in several languages in a variety of media and disseminate information regarding housing opportunities for low and 

moderate-income persons.

Brooklyn Brooklyn Legal Services Corporation A FHOI-MRC $325,000

Brooklyn Legal Services Corporation A (Brooklyn A) will carry out its Anti-Predatory Lending/Foreclosure Defense Project. This project will 

includecomplaint intake, investigation, and support for administrative and judicial enforcement, as well client assistance with loan workouts 

and loan modifications. Additionally, Brooklyn A will conduct education and outreach activities, including hosting fair lending workshops and

publishing a client e-newsletter.
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FY 2011

Brooklyn South Brooklyn Legal Services, Inc. FHOI-MRC $325,000

South Brooklyn Legal Services, Inc., (SBLS) will conduct fair lending enforcement activities, including identifying individual 

and systemic patterns of discrimination, generating computerized maps to support discrimination claims, referring

meritorious complaints to HUD, and filing affirmative enforcement litigation to address systemic lending abuses. SBLS also 

will provide legal and other assistance to help homeowners avoid foreclosure and access affordable loan modifications. 

Additionally, SBLS will provide training and support to partner agencies and organizations and educate the public about 

discriminatory practices in home sales, mortgage lending, and foreclosure prevention.

Brooklyn South Brooklyn Legal Services, Inc. PEI-MRC $325,000

South Brooklyn Legal Services, Inc., (SBLS) will provide a broad-based, full-service project that assists New York City residents 

facing foreclosure due to discriminatory home sales or financing or foreclosure rescue scams that violate the Fair Housing 

Act. SBLS will provide assistance in partnership with a coalition of experienced community organizations.

Brooklyn South Brooklyn Legal Services, Inc. PEI-PB $325,000

South Brooklyn Legal Services, Inc., (SBLS), will investigate housing discrimination complaints, conduct testing, and refer 

meritorious complaints to HUD. SBLS also will provide legal assistance to homeowners at risk of mortgage default or 

foreclosure. Additionally, SBLS will provide fair housing training to local agencies and organizations and educate consumers

about discriminatory practices in home sales and mortgage lending.

Buffalo Buffalo Urban League, Inc. EOI-G $58,222

The Buffalo Urban League Inc., will conduct education and outreach activities on fair housing, fair lending, foreclosure 

prevention, and financial literacy. These activities will include distributing brochures, fact sheets, flyers, door hangers, and 

power point on these topics. In addition, the Buffalo Urban League will provide counseling to victims of discrimination. The 

Buffalo Urban League will refer housing and lending discrimination complaints to HUD.

Buffalo Housing Opportunities Made Equal, Inc. PEI-MYFC $308,167

Housing Opportunities Made Equal, Inc., (HOME) will provide fair housing enforcement services, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. HOME also will recruit and train testers and 

conduct tests of housing providers for unlawful discrimination. Additionally, HOME will promote awareness of fair housing 

laws by conducting training for landlords, reaching out to municipal code officials and agencies serving the disabled about 

federal accessibility requirements, distributing bilingual fair housing brochures, and placing fair housing advertisements in 

bus shelters and on public buses.

Jamaica Queens Legal Services Corporation FHOI-MRC $325,000

Queens Legal Services Corporation will expand its Foreclosure Prevention Project Fair Housing Initiative, which provides 

litigation and legal advocacy around lending discrimination. In addition, Queens Legal Services will develop consumer justice 

initiatives to assist the many homeowners who are unable to succeed in loan modifications or workouts due to poor credit 

and unjust consumer debt, conduct community education and outreach, and build capacity for nonprofit groups and local 

government.

Jamaica Queens Legal Services Corporation PEI-MRC $325,000

Queens Legal Services Corporation will assist low- and moderate-income households facing foreclosure and build litigation 

and legal advocacy around lending discrimination. Queens Legal Services will use bilingual outreach and community 

partnerships to reach immigrant and non-English speaking communities.
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FY 2011

New York Fair Housing Justice Center, Inc. PEI-MYFC $324,999

The Fair Housing Justice Center, Inc., (FHJC) will provide fair housing enforcement services, including the intake, 

investigation, testing, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. FHJC also will assist households with 

housing choice vouchers or other rental subsidies to overcome barriers to housing choice based on source of income 

discrimination. Additionally, FHJC will host outreach meetings for racial and ethnic minorities, persons with limited English 

proficiency, persons with disabilities, and homeless persons. 

New York Neighborhood Economic Development Advocacy Project EOI-G $125,000

The Neighborhood Economic Development Advocacy Project (NEDAP) will educate homeowners, tenants, and prospective 

homebuyers on their fair housing rights and provide capacity-building training to faith-based and community groups and 

state and local governments on fair housing laws. NEDAP will refer housing discrimination complaints to HUD.

New York Neighborhood Economic Development Advocacy Project EOI-LC $125,000

The Neighborhood Economic Development Advocacy Project (NEDAP) will educate homeowners and renters on their fair 

lending rights and alert them to abusive or discriminatory lending practices. NEDAP also will assist homeowners at risk of 

foreclosure. Additionally, NEDAP will add a sustainability component to its work, linking homeowners receiving foreclosure 

prevention assistance with an energy- efficiency program, as a way to reduce housing costs and stabilize communities. 

NEDAP will refer lending discrimination complaints to HUD. 

Rochester Housing Council in the Monroe County Area, Inc. EOI-G $102,577

The Housing Council in the Monroe County Area, Inc., will conduct fair housing education and outreach activities in English 

and Spanish. This will include conducting pre-purchase classes to help home buyers understand the mortgage process and 

providing information on how to recognize and report discrimination. The housing council will reach out to low-income 

renters, persons who are homeless or at risk of homelessness, and veterans. 

Rochester Legal Assistance of Western New York, Inc. PEI-PB $277,000

Legal Assistance of Western New York, Inc., (LAWNY) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including investigating 

housing discrimination complaints, testing housing providers for unlawful discrimination, and referring meritorious 

complaints to HUD or private attorneys. LAWNY will partner with the Empire Justice Center to analyze 2010 Census data in 

order to map patterns of racial segregation in the use of Section 8 vouchers in the Rochester metropolitan region. LAWNY 

will conduct audit tests in segregated areas to determine advocacy and enforcement strategies to use to address barrier to 

fair housing choice. 

Staten Island Legal Services NYC-Staten Island PEI-MRC $325,000

Legal Services NYC-Staten Island will support client-based and systemic work to prevent foreclosure of homes. Individual 

casework will include legal advice and assistance to pro se litigants, loan negotiation, representation in court, and referral to 

housing counselors or government enforcement agencies. In addition, Staten Island Legal Services will undertake new 

systemic projects, including intervening on behalf of homeowners in investor suits against mortgage securitizers, blocking 

foreclosures when the foreclosing bank does not own the mortgage, combating the imposition of “force-placed” insurance,

and facilitating the New York Banking Department’s enforcement of its loan servicing regulations.

Staten Island Legal Services NYC-Staten Island PEI-MYFC $325,000

Legal Services NYC-Staten Island will provide fair housing enforcement services, including the intake, investigation, 

mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. Staten Island Legal Services will continue to expand their 

current work, expecting to serve at least 198 additional homeowners and undertake new systemic efforts. 
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FY 2011

Syracuse Fair Housing Council of Central New York, Inc. PEI-MYFC $322,025

The Fair Housing Council of Central New York, Inc., (FHCCNY) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including 

complaint intake, investigation, mediation, testing, and referral. FHCCNY also will provide counseling on fair housing/fair 

lending rights, maintain a website and blog with fair housing information, and establish pages on social networking sites.

Additionally, FHCCNY will conduct speaking engagements to educate the housing industry and the public on fair housing and 

distribute fair housing brochures and posters in the community.

Westchester Westchester Residential Opportunities, Inc. PEI-MRC $325,000

Westchester Residential Opportunities, Inc., (WRO) will conduct enforcement activities, including complaint intake, 

investigation, and testing of banks and other mortgage servicers throughout Westchester County. WRO will assist 

homeowners who have been victimized by predatory lending practices and are at risk of losing their homes by providing 

mortgage counseling and intervening with lenders for all possible means of relief, including loan modifications, refinancing 

and other workouts. In addition, WRO will conduct education and outreach to residents who face loss of their homes as a 

result of fair lending and fair housing violations.

NORTH CAROLINA

Durham Community Reinvestment Association of North Carolina PEI-MRC $325,000

The Community Reinvestment Association of North Carolina (CRA-NC) will serve clients in default, assisting them with loan 

modifications. CRA-NC also will test servicers for disparate treatment and file complaints as appropriate. Additionally, CRANC will provide education and training to nonprofit groups and government agencies on foreclosure and fair lending issues and 

engage regulators and servicers in dialogue to improve compliance.

OHIO

Akron Community Legal Aid Services, Inc. EOI-LC $76,654

Community Legal Aid Services, Inc., will provide public educational events for homebuyers and homeowners on how to 

identify, avoid, and report lending practices that may violate the Fair Housing Act. Community Legal Aid Services will refer 

discrimination complaints to HUD.

Akron Fair Housing Contact Service PEI-MYFC $325,000

Fair Housing Contact Service (FHCS) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, investigation, 

mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. FHCS also will perform complaint-based and systemic tests of 

housing providers for unlawful discrimination. Additionally, FHCS will work to develop local policies and mobility counseling 

procedures to address impediments to fair housing choice. 

Cincinnati Housing Opportunities Made Equal of Greater Cincinnati EOI-G $124,893

Housing Opportunities Made Equal of Greater Cincinnati (HOME) will conduct an 18-month fair housing education and 

outreach project in Butler, Clermont, Hamilton and Warren counties. The project will provide fair housing training for 

landlords, property managers, and real estate agents, which will include a new curriculum on reasonable accommodations 

and reasonable modifications. In addition, the project will use a social marketing campaign to increase public awareness on 

familial status discrimination.

Cincinnati Housing Opportunities Made Equal of Greater Cincinnati PEI-PB $324,359

Housing Opportunities Made Equal of Greater Cincinnati (HOME) will provide fair housing enforcement services in Butler, 

Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren counties. These activities will include complaint intake and investigation and complaintbased and systemic testing of housing providers for unlawful discrimination. HOME also will inspect newly constructed 

multifamily housing for compliance with the accessibility requirements of the Fair Housing Act. In addition, HOME will 

affirmatively further fair housing by providing training to local government officials on fair housing law and working with 

them to identify impediments to fair housing choice. HOME also will assist families with housing choice vouchers to move to 
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FY 2011

neighborhoods of opportunity and sponsor a roundtable on best practices in building stable integrated communities.

Cleveland Housing Research and Advocacy Center PEI-PB $325,000

The Housing Research and Advocacy Center will conduct fair housing enforcement activities in Cuyahoga, Geauga, and 

Lorain counties. These activities will include the intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination 

complaints. The Housing Research and Advocacy Center also will perform 510 fair housing audits (300 rental, 135 sales, 30 

lending, 30 insurance, and 15 accessibility) and monitor housing advertisements for discriminatory statements. Additionally,

the Housing Research and Advocacy Center will conduct 15 fair housing training sessions for condominium board members, 

landlords, and real estate professionals and conduct two training sessions for local government officials.

Columbus Coalition on Homelessness and Housing in Ohio EOI-G $125,000

The Coalition on Homelessness and Housing in Ohio (COHHIO) will provide fair housing education and outreach services to 

tenants and social service providers in ten counties that are not currently served by a private fair housing enforcement 

agency. In addition, COHHIO will create a toolkit for community members to use in analyzing impediments to fair housing 

choice and developing plans to address those impediments.

Dayton Miami Valley Fair Housing Center, Inc. EOI-LC $125,000

The Miami Valley Fair Housing Center, Inc., (MVFHC) will use its grant to promote awareness of fair housing and teach 

consumers how to avoid predatory lending, mortgage abuse, mortgage fraud, and foreclosure rescue schemes. This project

will support local, state, and federal efforts to stabilize neighborhoods in its service area that have been victimized by 

predatory lending and high foreclosure rates.

Dayton Miami Valley Fair Housing Center, Inc. FHOI-MRC $325,000

The Miami Valley Fair Housing Center, Inc., (MVFHC) will use its grant to support its Predatory Lending Solutions and 

Foreclosure Prevention Project and help local organizations investigate and enforce fair lending laws. MVFHC will conduct 

intake and investigation of allegations of lending discrimination and provide support for administrative and judicial 

enforcement of fair lending laws. MVFHC also will conduct investigations of possible systemic violations of lending laws. 

Additionally, MVFHC will assist clients with loan modifications, loan workouts, and refinancing and provide education and

training for community organizations on enforcing fair lending laws and providing direct assistance to victims.

Dayton Miami Valley Fair Housing Center, Inc. PEI-MRC $325,000

The Miami Valley Fair Housing Center, Inc., (MVFHC) will use its grant, with the aid of its sub-grantee, the Homeownership 

Center of Greater Dayton, to provide intake and investigation of lending discrimination complaints. MVFHC also will conduct 

investigations of systemic violations fair housing and fair lending statutes. Additionally, MVFHC will assist clients with loan 

modifications, loan workouts, and refinancing.

Dayton Miami Valley Fair Housing Center, Inc. PEI-MYFC $325,000

The Miami Valley Fair Housing Center, Inc., (MVFHC) will provide fair housing enforcement services, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, litigation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. MVFHC also will conduct complaintbased and systemic tests of housing providers for unlawful discrimination. In addition, MVFHC will conduct fair housing 

education and outreach activities, including conducting workshops for housing providers and consumers, distributing 

educational materials, developing fair housing curricula, and participating in pre-recorded and live broadcast programs for 

television, radio, and internet.

Painesville Fair Housing Resource Center, Inc. PEI-MYFC $325,000
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FY 2011

The Fair Housing Resource Center, Inc., (FHRC) will provide fair housing enforcement services in Ashtabula, Geauga, and 

Lake counties. These activities will include investigating housing discrimination complaints and conducting rental, sales, 

lending, and accessibility testing. FHRC also will host one regional fair housing seminar and six county-specific fair housing 

seminars and provide fair housing education and outreach through various media outlets. Additionally, FHRC will conduct 

an analysis of Ashtabula and Geauga Counties Community Housing Improvement Strategy to determine if they are 

affirmatively furthering fair housing.

Toledo Fair Housing Opportunities, Inc. dba Fair Housing Center PEI-PB $275,000

The Fair Housing Center will conduct fair housing enforcement activities in northwest Ohio. The Fair Housing Center will 

investigate housing discrimination complaints and conduct testing of the housing, lending, and homeowners’ insurance 

industries for evidence of systemic discrimination. Additionally, the Fair Housing Center will conduct fair housing education 

and outreach activities. 

OKLAHOMA

Oklahoma City Metropolitan Fair Housing Council of Oklahoma, Inc. PEI-PB $324,808

The Metropolitan Fair Housing Council of Oklahoma, Inc., (MFHC) will provide fair housing enforcement services throughout 

Oklahoma. The council will conduct complaint intake, investigation, mediation, and referral, and perform complaint-based 

and systemic testing of the housing and lending markets for discriminatory practices. The council also will inspect newly 

constructed multifamily housing for compliance with fair housing accessibility requirements. Additionally, the council will 

assist persons with disabilities with requesting reasonable accommodations and reasonable modifications. MFHC also will 

partner with public and private organizations to educate low-and moderate-income persons, racial and ethnic minorities, 

persons with disabilities, and families with children on fair housing, fair lending, and foreclosure prevention.

OREGON

Portland Fair Housing Council of Oregon EOI-G $125,000

The Fair Housing Council of Oregon (FHCO) will conduct fair housing education and outreach activities, including conducting 

workshops, distributing informational materials, and organizing three educational bus tours/seminars on housing 

discrimination in Oregon.

Portland Fair Housing Council of Oregon FHOI-CDGC $325,000

The Fair Housing Council of Oregon (FHCO) will use testing and other investigative methods to conduct systemic 

investigations of fair housing violations. FHCO will recruit and train testers, conduct at least 140 tests of the rental and sales 

industries, and analyze hotline and enforcement logs to identify five localities to visit and perform enforcement activities. In 

addition, FHCO will hold an accessibility seminar for architects, builders, building code officials, developers, planners, real

estate agents, rental property managers and owners, and other stakeholders. 

Portland Fair Housing Council of Oregon PEI-PB $325,000

The Fair Housing Council of Oregon (FHCO) will conduct the intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of housing

discrimination complaints, and conduct testing of the housing, lending, and homeowners’ insurance markets for 

discriminatory practices. Additionally, FHCO will conduct five events at various locations throughout the state to provide 

information on fair housing and allow persons to file complaints.

PENNSYLVANIA

Fort Washington Fair Housing Council of Suburban Philadelphia PEI-MYFC $324,877

The Fair Housing Council of Suburban Philadelphia (FHCSP) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the 

intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. FHCSP also will conduct complaint-based 

and systemic testing of housing providers for discriminatory practices. Additionally, FHCSP will conduct fair housing 
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FY 2011

education and outreach activities. FHCSP will serve the City of Philadelphia and the counties of Bucks, Chester, Delaware, 

Lehigh, Montgomery, and Northampton.

Glenside Fair Housing Rights Center in Southeastern Pennsylvania PEI-MYFC $324,000

The Fair Housing Rights Center in Southeastern Pennsylvania (FHRC) will provide full-service, broad-based fair housing 

enforcement activities. These activities will include the intake, investigation, and enforcement of fair housing violations in 

the rental, sales, lending, insurance, and advertisement of housing. FHRC plans to increase filings and/or referrals of 

complaints with the Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission, HUD, DOJ, and the courts. FHRC also will conduct audit 

testing of rental, sales, lending, and insurance activities, and inspections of newly constructed multifamily housing for 

compliance with fair housing accessibility requirements. In addition, FHRC will provide fair housing education to first-time 

home buyers, lending institutions, and insurance companies and develop a “fair housing stewards” program for college 

students and 4th– 12th grade students. 

Pittsburgh Fair Housing Partnership of Greater Pittsburgh FHOI-CDGC $99,988

The Fair Housing Partnership of Greater Pittsburgh will use its grant to hire a full-time fair housing attorney, develop a case 

management database, and purchase a new server. The fair housing attorney will perform a variety of activities, including 

providing legal representation for reasonable accommodation and reasonable modification cases, reviewing the local

Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice and taking legal action where appropriate, and encouraging city and county 

planning commissions and zoning boards to adopt inclusionary zoning plans. The development of a case management 

database will enable the organization to better track complaints and target its testing and outreach activities.

Pittsburgh Fair Housing Partnership of Greater Pittsburgh PEI-PB $275,000

The Fair Housing Partnership of Greater Pittsburgh will provide fair housing enforcement services, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. The Fair Housing Partnership also will recruit 

and train testers to conduct tests of housing providers for discrimination. Additionally, the Fair Housing Partnership will 

work to address the issues identified in Allegheny County’s Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice.

Washington Southwestern Pennsylvania Legal Services, Inc. EOI-G $1,092

Southwestern Pennsylvania Legal Services, Inc., (SPLAS) will prepare and conduct community education events to audiences 

throughout the target area, including housing providers, community service providers, local attorneys, and the public. This 

will include an outreach effort to organizations that serve persons with mental disabilities or victims of sexual assault or 

domestic violence. In addition, SPLAS will conduct six special events in recognition of Fair Housing Month. SPLAS will 

conduct these activities in coordination with four legal services program partners, four Independent living partners, and one 

county fair housing office partner. SPLAS will refer housing discrimination complaints to HUD or the Pennsylvania Human 

Relations Commission.

Washington Southwestern Pennsylvania Legal Services, Inc. PEI-MYFC $325,000

Southwestern Pennsylvania Legal Services, Inc., (SPLAS) will provide fair housing enforcement services, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. Additionally, SPLAS will expand its testing 

program for housing discrimination and increase its provision of legal counsel and representation on behalf of victims of 

discrimination. SPLAS will conduct these activities in coordination with four legal services program partners, four 

Independent living partners, and one county fair housing office partner.

SOUTH CAROLINA

Greenville Greenville County Human Relations Commission EOI-G $125,000

Greenville County Human Relations Commission (GCHRC) will expand its fair housing education and outreach program to 

upstate residents, particularly underserved populations. These populations include low- and moderate-income persons, 

persons with disabilities, and persons with limited English proficiency. GCHRC also will reach out to prospective 

homebuyers, homeowners at risk of foreclosure, and victims of predatory lending.
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FY 2011

TENNESSEE

Jackson West Tennessee Legal Services, Inc. PEI-MRC $325,000

West Tennessee Legal Services, Inc., (WTLS) will provide fair lending enforcement services, including complaint intake, 

investigation, testing, mediation, and enforcement of meritorious claims. WTLS also will conduct education and outreach on 

fair lending, including developing printed materials and public service announcements and distributing these materials to 

government offices, nonprofit groups, housing providers, social service agencies, community centers, and religious 

organizations. These materials will be available in English and Spanish. In addition, WTLS will hold outreach events for 

persons at risk of lending discrimination related to mortgage default or foreclosure. 

Jackson West Tennessee Legal Services, Inc. PEI-MYFC $325,000

West Tennessee Legal Services, Inc., (WTLS) will provide statewide full-service, broad-based fair housing enforcement 

services. These services will include complaint intake, investigation, mediation, and enforcement of meritorious claims 

through litigation, the administrative process, or through referral to appropriate agencies. WTLS also will conduct 

complaint-based and systemic tests of housing providers for unlawful discrimination. In addition, WTLS will raise awareness 

of fair housing through activities such as developing and distributing informational materials and conducting workshops.

TEXAS

Austin Austin Tenants’ Council, Inc. PEI-PB $324,723

The Austin Tenants’ Council, Inc., (ATC) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, investigation, 

mediation and referral of housing discrimination complaints. ATC also will conduct testing of housing providers for unlawful 

discrimination. Additionally, ATC will promote fair housing awareness through television, radio, and print advertisements, 

focusing on the fair housing rights of racial and ethnic minorities and persons with disabilities. 

Dallas North Texas Fair Housing Center FHOI-CDGC $108,805

The North Texas Fair Housing Center (NTFHC) will develop its enforcement and outreach programs, and support the 

development of a lending investigations program. NTFHC will conduct systemic testing, which will consist of race and 

familial status tests of housing providers for discriminatory practices and inspections of newly constructed multifamily 

housing to determine compliance with fair housing accessibility requirements. Additionally, NTFHC will conduct fair housing 

education and outreach activities. NTFHC will conduct these activities in 12 counties: Collin, Dallas, Delta, Denton, Ellis, 

Hunt, Johnson, Kaufman, Parker, Rockwall, Tarrant, and Wise.

Houston Houston Area Urban League and Houston Volunteer Lawyers 

Program

FHOI-MRC $243,179

The Houston Area Urban League and Houston Volunteer Lawyers Program will raise public awareness of unlawful

discrimination in the housing and mortgage lending markets and the administrative and legal options available to those who 

believe that their rights have been violated. Specifically, the Houston Area Urban League and Houston Volunteer Lawyers 

Program will conduct a fair housing educational series for agencies that serve homeless persons and conduct other 

education and outreach activities for organizations that serve the Latino and Asian communities, persons with HIV/AIDS, and 

veterans. Additionally, the Houston Area Urban League and Houston Volunteer Lawyers Program provide individual 

counseling on homeownership and rental issues. These activities will be conducted in Houston and Fort Bend County.

Houston Greater Houston Fair Housing Center, Inc. PEI-PB $325,000

The Greater Houston Fair Housing Center, Inc., (GHFHC) will provide fair housing enforcement services in the Houston 

metropolitan area. GHFHC will provide complaint intake, investigation, mediation, and referral services for victims of 

discrimination. These services will be available in both English and Spanish. GHFHC estimates that it will receive 900 

housing discrimination complaints, conduct 240 investigations, recruit and train 90 testers, perform 360 enforcement tests 

(180 complaint based, 150 systemic, 30 retests), and perform 30 accessibility audits of multifamily housing. Additionally, 

GHFHC will conduct affirmatively furthering fair housing capacity building programs for local government and nonprofit 
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FY 2011

groups, reaching approximately 900 people. GHFHC also will conduct fair housing media programs in English and Spanish.

San Antonio National Association for Latino Community Asset Builders EOI-NMCC $1,000,000

The National Association for Latino Community Asset Builders (NALCAB) will implement a national fair housing multimedia 

campaign that targets the most likely victims of housing discrimination within underserved and minority communities 

throughout the country. NALCAB will leverage existing networks of targeted media outlets to reach across a wide range of 

broadcast, out-of-home, and online video properties, showcasing the campaign message and public service 

announcements. NALCAB also will utilize mobile texting campaigns and social media, such as Twitter, Facebook, and 

YouTube. In addition, NALCAB will deliver messaging through its network of community-based organizations, which reaches 

across 25 states and the District of Columbia. This will ensure that the fair housing information reaches diverse, lowerincome communities of color.

San Antonio San Antonio Fair Housing Council, Inc. PEI-MYFC $325,000

San Antonio Fair Housing Council, Inc., (SAFHC) will provide fair housing enforcement services in 35 counties in south Texas.

These services will include the intake, investigation, mediation, testing, and referral of housing discrimination complaints. 

SAFHC estimates that it will conduct 900 preliminary investigations of housing discrimination complaints, 36 systemic 

investigations, 300 rental tests, 15 sales tests, and 15 lending tests. 

UTAH

Salt Lake City Disability Law Center EOI-G $124,900

The Disability Law Center, through its “Accessible Housing for Everyone” program, will hold 33 training sessions that will 

educate 650 housing consumers, housing providers, attorneys, and others on the Fair Housing Act. The Disability Law 

Center also will work with Salt Lake City to include visitability features in its revised accessory dwelling ordinance and work 

with the Navajo nation to strengthen its housing laws.

VERMONT 

Burlington Champlain Valley Office of Economic Opportunity EOI-G $125,000

Champlain Valley Office of Economic Opportunity (CVOEO) will address housing discrimination and systemic barriers to fair 

housing through collaboration with a wide range of civic partners, community groups, and state and local agencies. CVOEO 

will collaborate with the Vermont Human Rights Commission and the Vermont Department of Economic, Housing, and 

Community Development (DEHCD) to help communities and planning agencies overcome political and regulatory barriers to 

fair and affordable housing. Through a series of three educational workshops in different parts of the state, CVOEO will train 

municipal officials, land use planners, and community groups to affirmatively further fair housing. CVOEO also will work 

with the Vermont DEHCD to address the impediments identified in the 2011 Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice. 

Burlington Vermont Legal Aid, Inc. PEI-MYFC $324,987

Vermont Legal Aid, Inc., (VLA) will conduct a full-service fair housing program that includes complaint investigation and 

testing, with a focus on developing systemic investigations. VLA also will promote fair housing through the local land use 

and transportation planning processes. In addition, VLA will work to raise public awareness of housing discrimination

through public education and advocacy in the state legislature, government agencies, and the media. 

VIRGINIA

Charlottesville Piedmont Housing Alliance EOI-G $75,822
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FY 2011

Piedmont Housing Alliance (PHA) will implement a comprehensive and coordinated fair housing education and outreach 

campaign for all households in the region, regardless of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, or disability. 

PHA also will provide training and counseling on the home buying process, financial literacy and management, and 

homeownership skills, as well as advocate for affordable housing policies and programs in central Virginia. 

Richmond Housing Opportunities Made Equal of Virginia, Inc. FHOI-CDGC $141,209

Housing Opportunities Made Equal of Virginia, Inc., (HOME) will use its grant to hire an information technology coordinator 

who will help improve its client database and website. The client database will help the organization conduct systemic 

investigations by allowing it to gather data and track cases in a manner that enables it to identify housing discrimination 

trends.

Richmond Housing Opportunities Made Equal of Virginia, Inc. PEI-MRC $121,077

Housing Opportunities Made Equal of Virginia, Inc., (HOME) will conduct investigations and testing of mortgage 

lenders/services for lending discrimination based on the racial composition of neighborhoods and investigations and testing 

of companies offering loan modification/mortgage servicing and other mortgage rescue services to determine if scams are 

occurring that violate fair housing or consumer protection laws. HOME also will identify mortgage lenders/servicers with 

loans that ended in foreclosure and significant numbers of new loans involving property transfers in the same 

neighborhoods. In addition, HOME will conduct fair lending education and outreach, including developing training materials 

and conducting training on loan modifications and mortgage rescue scams and distributing a fact sheet on loan 

modifications and mortgage rescue scams.

WASHINGTON

Spokane Northwest Fair Housing Alliance FHOI-MRC $325,000

Northwest Fair Housing Alliance (NWFHA) will use its grant to expand its Eastern Washington Lending Awareness Project and 

incorporate a fair lending investigation unit into its existing fair housing investigation and advocacy program. NWFHA will 

conduct complaint intake and investigation of lending discrimination and mortgage rescue schemes and refer complaints to 

appropriate authorities. NWFHA also will conduct testing in African-American and Hispanic neighborhoods to identify fair 

lending violations and mortgage rescue scams. In addition, NWFHA will conduct education and outreach activities, including 

developing and disseminating fair lending and foreclosure prevention curricula and materials in English and Spanish,

maintaining resource information for consumers and professionals, and providing training to other organizations to build

their capacity to identify lending discrimination and predatory lending.

Spokane Northwest Fair Housing Alliance PEI-PB $325,000

Northwest Fair Housing Alliance (NWFHA) will provide fair housing enforcement services in 17 counties in central and 

eastern Washington. NWFHA will conduct intake, investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination 

complaints. NWFHA will conduct audit testing of rental housing providers, including 90 telephone tests for race/national 

origin discrimination (linguistic profiling), 60 TTY tests for disability discrimination, 30 paired on-site tests for familial status 

discrimination, 30 paired on-site tests for national origin discrimination, 30 paired on-site tests for racial discrimination, and 

12 on-site accessibility audits. In addition, NWFHA expects that it will assist 225 persons with disabilities request reasonable 

accommodations.

Tacoma Fair Housing Center of Washington PEI-MYFC $325,000

The Fair Housing Center of Washington (FHCW) will conduct fair housing enforcement activities, including the intake, 

investigation, mediation, and referral of housing discrimination complaints, and complaint-based and systemic testing of 

housing providers for unlawful discrimination. FHCW also will assist persons with disabilities with requesting reasonable 

accommodations or modifications. In addition, FHCW will conduct fair housing education and outreach activities, including 

producing written materials in multiple languages, developing webcast training for elected officials and local planning/policy 

staff, hosting an annual summit for fair housing groups, and conducting training for housing providers and consumers.
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FY 2011

WISCONSIN 

Milwaukee Metropolitan Milwaukee Fair Housing Council, Inc. EOI-G $124,730

The Metropolitan Milwaukee Fair Housing Council, Inc., (MMFHC) will conduct fair housing education and outreach activities 

in nine counties: Brown, Calumet, Dane, Milwaukee, Outagamie, Ozaukee, Washington, Waukesha, and Winnebago. These 

activities will include producing informational materials on affirmatively furthering fair housing for local government 

officials, CDBG and HOME sub-recipients, public housing authorities, and developers. MMFHC also will develop and 

distribute affirmative marketing materials for housing in high opportunity suburban communities in order to expand housing 

choice and build racially inclusive communities. Additionally, MMFHC will conduct training for rental housing providers on 

fair housing laws.

Milwaukee Metropolitan Milwaukee Fair Housing Council, Inc. PEI-MYFC $322,629

The Metropolitan Milwaukee Fair Housing Council (MMFHC) will conduct statewide enforcement activities to identify and 

eliminate discriminatory housing practices. These activities will include the intake, investigation, case management, and 

referral of housing discrimination complaints. MMFHC also will conduct tests of housing providers for discriminatory 

practices. In addition, MMFHC will partner with a statewide disability advocacy agency to provide technical assistance and 

refer complaints to HUD, other administrative agencies, or private attorneys.
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FY 2011

Appendix D: Fair Housing and Civil Rights in HUD 

Programs

HUD Reporting Responsibilities 

The Fair Housing Act requires that HUD annually report to Congress, and make available to the public, 

data on the race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, and family characteristics of households 

who are applicants for, participants in, or beneficiaries or potential beneficiaries of programs administered by 

the Department, to the extent that such characteristics are within the coverage of the provisions of law and 

Executive Orders set forth below.

 Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964;

 Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968;

 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973;

 Age Discrimination Act of 1975;

 Equal Credit Opportunity Act;

 Section 1978 of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. § 1982);

 Section 8(a) of the Small Business Act;

 Section 527 of the National Housing Act;

 Section 109 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974;

 Section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968; and

 Executive Orders 11063, 11246, 11625, 12250, 12259, and 12432.

Racial and Ethnic Categories

OMB standards allow individuals responding to inquiries about race to select one or more of five racial 

categories: (1) “American Indian or Alaska Native,” (2) “Asian,” (3) “Black or African American,” (4) “Native 

Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander,” and (5) “White.” The new OMB format, like the previous approach, treats 

ethnicity separately from race. Persons must choose one of two ethnic categories: (1) “Hispanic or Latino,” or 

(2) “Not Hispanic or Latino.”

In FY 2011, most HUD programs collected ethnicity separately from race. However, a few programs 

combined race and ethnicity into a single category. 

The following sections briefly describe HUD-funded programs and report on the protected 

characteristics of beneficiaries of these programs.

Federal Housing Administration

The National Housing Act created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), which insures private 

lenders against loss on mortgage financing for single-family homes, multifamily housing projects, health care 
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FY 2011

facilities, property improvement, and manufactured homes. By insuring private lenders against loss, FHA 

encourages lenders to invest capital in single-family, multifamily, and other housing markets. For single-family 

loans, FHA insures up to 98.75 percent of the appraised value of the property. Depending on the size of the 

loan, a single-family loan can be for up to 30 years. Most mortgagors pay at least a 3 percent down payment, 

but the Secretary may require a larger amount. 

 

Table D.1 provides data on the race and sex of mortgagors who obtained FHA-insured single-family 

home purchase loans or FHA-insured single-family refinanced loans in FY 2011. The sex category divides 

mortgagors into those who are “single female,” “single male,” or “co-borrowers.” The table uses the category 

“co-borrowers” for loans with more than one borrower. This is a change from last year’s report, which used 

the category “married, joint owners,” to report loans with more than one borrower, but made the assumption 

that all co-borrowers were married. FHA classifies loans with co-borrowers based on the sex of the first 

borrower on the loan papers, regardless of whether the household was made up of two females, two males, 

one male and one female, or some other household configuration, or whether there was a co-signer who does 

not live in the home. 

Table D.1: Protected Characteristics of Mortgagors who Obtained FHA-Insured Single-Family Home Purchase 

Loans or FHA-Insured Single-Family Refinanced Loans, FY 2011

Number of 

Purchase Loans

Dollar Amount of 

Purchase Loans

Number of 

Refinance Loans

Dollar Amount of 

Refinance Loans

777,426 $134,396,868,387 420,395 $83,414,116,464

Race

 American Indian or Alaska Native 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4%

 Asian 3.4% 4.6% 2.2% 3.3%

 Black or African American 9.1% 8.5% 6.4% 6.0%

 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific 

 Islander

0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.8%

 White 64.5% 63.7% 73.4% 72.0%

 Hispanic 16.0% 15.1% 7.6% 7.4%

 Mixed Race 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3%

 Not Disclosed 6.1% 7.0% 9.4% 10.1%

Sex 

 Single Female 27.6% 23.3% 21.0% 17.9%

 Single Male 33.1% 30.4% 28.2% 26.3%

 Co-Borrowers 39.3% 46.2% 50.8% 55.8%

Percentage may not total 100 percent due to rounding. 

Source: Federal Housing Administration
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FY 2011

Multifamily Subsidized Housing Programs

Project-Based Rental Subsidies

The rental subsidies described below are paid to owners on behalf of tenants to keep their rents 

affordable. The assistance is tied to the property and differs in that respect from tenant-based rental 

assistance programs (e.g., housing choice vouchers), where the subsidy follows the tenant when the tenant 

moves to another property.

Project-Based Section 8

Through Project-Based Section 8, HUD provides rental subsidies to owners of FHA-insured and 

noninsured properties to ensure that these properties remain affordable to low-income families.

Rent Supplement Contracts

The Rent Supplement program was established by the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965. 

Until the program was suspended under the housing subsidy moratorium of January 5, 1973, rent supplement 

contracts were available to Section 221(d)(3) Below Market Interest Rate (BMIR), Section 231, Section 236 

(insured and noninsured), and Section 202 properties for the life of the mortgage. The suspension stopped the 

funding of any additional projects, although previously funded projects continue to receive funding.

Rental Assistance Payment (RAP) Contracts

RAP was established by the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 to provide additional 

rental assistance to property owners on behalf of very low-income tenants. RAP is available only to Section 236 

properties.

Section 202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly

Section 202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly helps expand the supply of affordable housing with 

supportive services for the elderly. Section 202 housing provides elderly persons with options for independent 

living in an environment that offers services such as cooking, cleaning, and transportation. Once the project is 

developed, funding is provided through the Section 202 project rental assistance contract (PRAC) to cover the 

difference between the HUD-approved operating cost for the project and the tenants’ contributions toward 

rent.

In order to live in Section 202 housing, a household must be very low-income (not exceeding 50 

percent of the median income for the area) and must have at least one member who is age 62 or older.

Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons with Disabilities
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FY 2011

Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons with Disabilities allows persons with disabilities to live 

independently, by providing a supply of rental housing that has supportive services. Once the project is 

developed, funding is provided through a Section 811 project rental assistance contract (PRAC) to cover the 

difference between the HUD-approved operating cost for the project and the tenants’ contributions toward 

rent.

In order to live in Section 811 housing, a household, which may consist of a single qualified person, 

must be very low-income and at least one member must be at least 18 years of age and have a disability, such 

as a physical or developmental disability or chronic mental illness.

Direct Loans

Section 202 Direct Formula Interest Rate Loans

The Section 202 Direct Formula Interest Rate Loan program replaced the Section 202 Direct LowInterest Loan program, which was discontinued after 1976. Both programs provided long-term, direct loans to 

finance housing for elderly persons or persons with disabilities. However, formula interest rate loans carried an 

interest rate based on the average yield on 30-year marketable obligations of the United States, and properties 

were developed with 100 percent Section 8 assistance to help keep units affordable to low-income families. 

This program is commonly referred to as Section 202/8. While no new projects have been developed under 

this program since 1991, previously developed projects are still in operation.

The Section 202 Direct Formula Interest Rate Loan program ended in 1991, becoming the Section 202 

Capital Advance program and the Section 811 Capital Advance program. Both programs have PRAC funding, 

which is described above. The Section 202 Capital Advance program provides housing with supportive services 

for elderly persons, while the Section 811 Capital Advance program provides housing and supportive services

for persons with disabilities.

Table D.2 provides data on the race, ethnicity, age, sex, disability, and familial status of households 

receiving assistance from rental subsidies and direct loans in the 18-month period ending September 30, 2011. 

The data on race, ethnicity, age, and sex were provided for the head of household only, regardless of the 

composition of the household. The number of households represents only those beneficiaries that submitted 

data to HUD.
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FY 2011

Table D.2: Protected Characteristics of Households Provided with Housing Assistance from Rental 

Subsidies and Direct Loans, for the 18-Month Period Ending September 30, 2011

ProjectBased 

Sec. 8

1

Rent 

Supplement

Rental 

Assist. 

Program

Section 

202 

PRAC

Section 

811

PRAC2

Section 202 

Direct Loan w/ 

Section 8

Number of Reported Households31,035,143 8,824 11,240 111,905 30,541 157,601

Race of Head of Household 

 Black or African American 37.5% 39.6% 48.5% 24.8% 23.3% 22.5%

 White 53.3% 55.4% 44.0% 61.4% 68.4% 67.6%

 Asian 4.0% 1.7% 4.0% 7.2% 1.2% 4.6%

 American Indian or Alaska Native 0.9% 0.4% 0.8% 0.6% 0.9% 0.5%

 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2%

 Other 0.9% 0.5% 0.6% 0.9% 0.9% 0.6%

 Multiple Race 3.2% 2.3% 1.9% 4.8% 5.0% 4.0%

Ethnicity of Head of Household 

 Hispanic or Latino 14.5% 21.4% 17.8% 13.0% 5.7% 9.9%

 Not Hispanic or Latino 85.5% 78.6% 82.2% 87.0% 94.3% 90.1%

Age of Head of Household

 Younger than 31 22.8% 10.9% 15.7% 0.0% 12.3% 1.5%

 31–41 11.6% 11.6% 11.3% 0.0% 17.8% 2.5%

 42–51 10.9% 13.8% 11.6% 0.1% 28.1% 5.6%

 52–61 13.1% 16.2% 13.8% 0.4% 27.8% 9.9%

 62 or Older 41.5% 47.4% 47.4% 99.4% 14.1% 80.4%

 Unknown 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1%

Sex of Head of Household

 Female 75.2% 72.0% 73.1% 72.1% 46.8% 66.5%

 Male 24.8% 27.9% 26.8% 27.9% 53.1% 33.4%

Disability

 Households Reporting a Disability425.4% 26.7% 21.3% 5.1% 98.2% 27.6%

Families with Children

 Households with Children533.4% 26.4% 27.6% 0.0% 2.7% 0.4%

Data are from the TRACS system for the 18-month period ending on September 30, 2011. A household was excluded if its record showed a head 

of household younger than 15 years of age or older than 105 years of age or if the record showed either program termination or move-out.

1. The Project-Based Section 8 column includes Section 8 new construction, substantial rehabilitation, property disposition, projects with Loan 

Management Set Asides (LMSA), and Rural Housing. This includes Section 236 and BMIR projects with LMSA. These households are not 

included in Table D.3 to avoid duplication. This column does not include households covered under Section 202/8.

2. The Section 811 PRAC column contains a small number of Section 202/162 Project Assistance Contract (PAC) households.

3. “Reported Households” reflects the number of households with tenant data reports in the TRACS system.

4. “Households Reporting a Disability” reflect households where the head, spouse, or co-head reported a disability.

5. “Households with Children” reflect households with at least one child younger than 18 years of age. 
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FY 2011

Multifamily/FHA Housing Programs

Financing Subsidies: Mortgage Insurance and Mortgage Interest Rate Subsidies

Section 236

This FHA program, established by the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, combines federal 

mortgage insurance with interest reduction payments to encourage the production of low-cost rental housing. 

While no longer providing insurance or subsidies for new mortgage loans, existing Section 236 properties 

continue to receive interest subsidies. Under this program, HUD provides interest subsidies in order to lower a 

project’s mortgage interest rate to as little as one percent. The interest reduction payment results in lower 

operating costs and, consequently, a reduced rent structure.

The Section 236 basic rent is the rent that the owner must collect to cover the property’s costs, given 

the mortgage interest reduction payments made to the property. All tenants pay at least the Section 236 basic 

rent and, depending on their income level, may pay a rent up to the Section 236 market rent.

Some Section 236 properties experienced escalating operating costs that have caused the basic rent to 

increase beyond levels that are affordable to many low-income tenants. To maintain the financial health of the 

property, HUD may have allocated project-based rental assistance through a Section 8 Loan Management SetAside (LMSA) to a Section 236 property. Some Section 236 properties received other forms of project-based 

rental assistance from programs such as the Rent Supplement program.

Section 221(d)(3) Below Market Interest Rate (BMIR)

This FHA program insures and subsidizes mortgage loans to facilitate the new construction or 

substantial rehabilitation of multifamily rental or cooperative housing for low- and moderate-income families. 

This program no longer provides subsidies for new mortgage loans, but existing Section 221(d)(3) BMIR 

properties are still in operation.

Families living in Section 221(d)(3) BMIR projects are considered subsidized because the reduced rents 

for these properties are made possible by subsidized mortgage interest rates. Some BMIR projects experienced 

escalating operating costs that have caused BMIR rents to increase beyond levels that are affordable to lowand moderate-income tenants. When this occurs, HUD may have allocated project-based rental assistance 

through an LMSA to these properties to decrease vacancies and improve the project’s financial position.

Table D.3 provides data on the race, ethnicity, age, sex, disability, and familial status of households 

receiving assistance from mortgage insurance and mortgage interest rate subsidies in the 18-month period 

ending September 30, 2011. The data on race, ethnicity, age, and sex were provided for the head of household 

only, regardless of the composition of the household. The number of households represents only those 

beneficiaries that have submitted data to HUD.
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FY 2011

Table D.3: Protected Characteristics of Households Provided with Housing Assistance through Mortgage 

Insurance and Mortgage Interest Rate Subsidies, for the 18-Month Period Ending September 30, 2011

Section 236 Section 221(d)(3)Below Market 

Interest Rate (BMIR)

Number of Reported Households134,573 1,873

Race of Head of Household

 Black or African American 39.0% 36.3%

 White 51.5% 49.7%

 Asian 3.1% 6.5%

 American Indian or Alaska Native 0.7% 0.4%

 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 0.3% 3.3%

 Other 0.8% 0.7%

 Multiple Race 4.6% 3.1%

Ethnicity of Head of Household

 Hispanic or Latino 12.2% 21.8%

 Not Hispanic or Latino 87.8% 78.2%

Age of Head of Household

 Younger than 31 22.2% 25.9%

 31–41 15.5% 21.3%

 42–51 13.2% 19.4%

 52–61 14.0% 16.5%

 62 or Older 35.0% 16.7%

 Unknown 0.2% 0.1%

Sex of Head of Household

 Female 64.9% 58.8%

 Male 35.0% 41.0%

Disability

 Households Reporting a Disability213.0% 5.4%

Families with Children

 Households with Children332.2% 46.2%

Data are from the TRACS system for the 18-month period ending on September 30, 2011. A household was excluded if its record 

showed a head of household younger than 15 years of age or older than 105 years of age or if the record showed either program 

termination or move-out.

1. “Reported Households” reflects the number of households with tenant data reports in the TRACS system.

2. “Households Reporting a Disability” reflect households where the head, spouse, or co-head reported a disability.

3. “Households with Children” reflect households with at least one child younger than 18 years of age.
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FY 2011

Housing Counseling Assistance Program 

 

The Housing Counseling Assistance program counsels consumers on seeking, renting, owning, financing, 

and maintaining a home. HUD provides counseling services through HUD-approved housing counseling 

agencies. Such agencies and national, regional, or multi-state intermediaries may apply for one-year grants 

through a notice of funding availability published by HUD. 

 

Housing counseling agencies provide an array of pre- and post-occupancy education programs, such as 

one-on-one pre-purchase and pre-rental counseling and homebuyer training sessions. These agencies also 

provide counseling on home equity mortgage conversion, home improvement, rehabilitation, mortgage default, 

rent delinquency, displacement, and relocation. 

 

Table D.4 provides data on the race and ethnicity of households that received assistance from HUDfunded housing counseling agencies in FY 2011. 

Table D.4: Protected Characteristics of Households that Participated in HUD-Funded Housing Counseling 

Programs, FY 2011 

Percent of Households

Number of Households 1,924,822

Race (Based on 1,897,565 Submitted Reports)

 American Indian or Alaska Native 1.2%

 Asian 2.7%

 Black or African American 28.8%

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.4%

 White 49.0%

American Indian or Alaska Native and White 0.2%

Asian and White 0.1%

Black or African American and White 0.6%

American Indian or Alaska Native and Black or African American 0.1%

Other Multi-Racial 6.6%

Chose Not to Respond 10.3%

Ethnicity (Based on 1,900,575 Submitted Reports)

 Hispanic or Latino 17.5%

 Not Hispanic or Latino 75.9%

 Chose Not to Respond 6.6%

Percentages may not total 100 percent due to rounding. Source: Aggregate Data from HUD form-9902
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FY 2011

Continuum of Care

The Continuum of Care (CoC) Homeless Assistance programs are authorized by the McKinney-Vento 

Homeless Assistance Act to reduce the incidence of homelessness in CoC communities, by assisting homeless 

individuals and families in quickly transitioning to self-sufficiency and permanent housing. These programs 

include the Supportive Housing Program, the Shelter Plus Care Program, and the Section 8 Moderate 

Rehabilitation for Single Room Occupancy Program. Grants for these programs are made available on a 

competitive basis through a notice of funding availability (NOFA) published by HUD. Eligible applicants include 

states, units of local government, public housing agencies, and private nonprofit organizations.

On May 20, 2009, President Obama signed the Homeless Emergency and Rapid Transition to Housing 

(HEARTH) Act of 2009. HUD is anticipating and preparing to implement the HEARTH Act in FY 2012. The 

HEARTH Act amends and reauthorizes the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act with substantial changes, 

including:

 A consolidation of HUD’s competitive grant programs;

 The creation of a Rural Housing Stability program;

 A change in HUD’s definition of homelessness and chronic homelessness;

 A simplified match requirement;

 An increase in prevention resources; and

 An increase in the emphasis on performance.

Supportive Housing Program

The Supportive Housing Program helps develop housing and related supportive services for people 

moving from homelessness to independent living. The Supportive Housing Program helps homeless persons 

achieve residential stability, increase their skill levels and/or income, and obtain greater self-determination.

Shelter Plus Care Program

The Shelter Plus Care Program provides rental assistance combined with social services for homeless 

persons with disabilities and their families. The program allows for a variety of housing choices, such as group 

homes or individual units, coupled with a range of supportive services (funded by other sources).

Single Room Occupancy Program

The Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy (SRO) program provides rental 

assistance to homeless individuals in connection with the moderate rehabilitation of residential properties that, 

when rehabilitation is completed, will contain multiple single room dwelling units. These units may contain 

food preparation or sanitary facilities, or both. SRO housing contains units for occupancy by one person. A 

public housing agency makes Section 8 rental assistance payments to the landlords on behalf of participants.

Table D.5 provides data on the race and ethnicity of participants that entered the Supportive Housing, 

Shelter Plus Care, or Single Room Occupancy programs. The table also provides data on the sex and age of 

participants and other family members that entered these programs. Table D.5 provides data for FY 2010, 

since these data were not included in the FY 2010 Annual Report on Fair Housing (due to the transition from a 
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paper reporting system to an electronic reporting system for CoC programs). Data for FY 2011 will be provided 

in the FY 2012 Annual Report on Fair Housing. 

 Table D.5: Protected Characteristics of Participants in Homeless Assistance Continuum of Care Programs, 

FY 2010

Percent of Participants

 Race of Participants Who Entered the Program

 American Indian or Alaska Native 1.8%

 Asian 1.0%

 Black or African American 40.5%

 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.8%

 White 49.1%

 Multi-Racial 6.9%

 Ethnicity of Participants

 Hispanic or Latino 17.3%

 Not Hispanic or Latino 82.7%

 Sex of Participants and Other Family Members 

 Female 56.0%

 Male 44.0%

 Age of Participants and Other Family Members

 Younger than 18 20.4%

 18–61 77.6%

 62 or Older 2.0%

Note: During the 2010 reporting period HUD transitioned from a paper reporting system to an electronic reporting system. Some of the 

fields were changed as a result and grantees were instructed how to map the data in the old reports to the new reports, which resulted in 

some data being reported in the “Missing Information” fields. HUD removed data in the “Missing Information” fields when it derived the 

data for the purpose of this report.

HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) 

 

HOME is authorized by the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act to provide annual 

grants on a formula basis for state and local governments to provide affordable housing for low-income 

households. States and localities may use their HOME allocations to construct or rehabilitate housing for sale 

or rental, rehabilitate eligible owner-occupied properties, and provide financial assistance to first-time or other 

qualified homebuyers. Under certain circumstances, a state or local government may use HOME funds to 

provide tenant-based rental assistance (TBRA). 

 

Table D.6 contains data on the race, ethnicity, and familial status of households that received 

assistance from the HOME Investment Partnerships Program in FY 2011. 

 
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FY 2011

Table D.6: Protected Characteristics of Beneficiaries of the HOME Investment Partnerships Program, FY 2011

Rental Homebuyer Homeowner TBRA

Total Occupied Units or Total Assisted 

Households (TBRA Only) 25,936 24,287 10,205 16,761

Race or Ethnicity

 American Indian or Alaska Native 0.7% 0.4% 0.5% 2.1%

 Asian 3.1% 3.4% 0.8% 0.8%

 Black or African American 36.8% 32.0% 27.1% 34.8%

 Hispanic or Latino 20.0% 20.5% 10.2% 13.3%

 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.3% 0.5% 0.9% 0.7%

 White 36.1% 41.0% 59.0% 46.7%

 American Indian or Alaska Native and 

 White 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3%

 Asian and White 0.0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0%

 Black or African American and White 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4%

 American Indian or Alaska Native and

 Black or African American 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1%

 Other Multi-Racial 2.3% 1.4% 0.7% 0.7%

Familial Status

 Families with Children 26.4% 57.0% 31.0% 50.2%

Percentages may not total 100 percent due to rounding.

Source: Integrated Disbursement and Information System (IDIS)

Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)

CDBG is authorized by Title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, as amended, to 

provide annual grants on a formula basis to states, entitled metropolitan cities, and urban counties for activities 

that benefit persons of low and moderate income and aid in the prevention or elimination of slums or blight. 

CDBG funds may be used for a wide variety of activities, including homeownership assistance, rehabilitation of 

residential structures, economic development, community planning, construction or rehabilitation of 

community facilities, and the provision of public services, including fair housing activities. Generally, the 

construction of new housing by units of general local government is ineligible for CDBG assistance; however, 

new housing construction may be carried out by eligible Community Based Development Organizations under 

24 CFR 570.204(a).

Table D.7 contains information on the race and ethnicity of households that benefited from CDBG’s 

owner-occupied housing rehabilitation, rental housing rehabilitation, and homeownership assistance in 

FY 2011. The number of participants represents only those beneficiaries that have submitted data. Additional 

CDBG activities also had beneficiaries.
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FY 2011

Table D.7: Protected Characteristics of Beneficiaries of CDBG’s Owner-Occupied Housing Rehabilitation, 

Rental Housing Rehabilitation, and Homeownership Assistance Programs, FY 2011

Owner-Occupied 

Housing 

Rehabilitation

Rental 

Housing 

Rehabilitation

Homeownership 

Assistance

Number of Participants 74,991 17,497 2,429

Race 

 American Indian or Alaska Native 0.6% 0.8% 0.6%

 Asian 1.5% 5.9% 2.6%

 Black or African American 30.2% 28.5% 26.1%

 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.3% 0.5% 0.2%

 White 57.9% 54.1% 62.3%

 American Indian or Alaska Native and 

White 0.3% 0.2% 0.2%

 Asian and White 0.1% 0.1% 0.3%

 Black or African American and White 0.4% 3.6% 0.5%

 American Indian or Alaska Native and Black 

or African American 0.1% 0.2% 0.2%

 Other Multi-Racial 8.7% 6.2% 7.0%

Ethnicity 

 Hispanic or Latino 15.0% 15.8% 22.8%

 Not Hispanic or Latino 85.0% 84.2% 77.2%

Percentages may not total 100 percent due to rounding.

Source: Integrated Disbursement and Information System (IDIS)

Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA) 

HOPWA is authorized by the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act to assist states, local 

governments, and nonprofit organizations in addressing the housing needs of low-income persons with 

HIV/AIDS and their families. In addition to providing rental assistance subsidies, funds may be used to develop 

and operate community residences and other housing facilities that offer on-site support for activities of daily 

living and other needed services. 

 Table D.8 provides data on the race, ethnicity, age, and sex of persons receiving assistance from 

HOPWA in the 2010-2011 program year. The total represents only those beneficiaries that have submitted 

information to HUD. 
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FY 2011

Table D.8: Protected Characteristics of Persons Provided with Housing Assistance through HOPWA Formula 

Grants and Competitive Grants, 2010-2011 Program Year

Formula Grants Competitive Grants

 Number of Recipients of Housing Assistance186,104 7,330

 Persons with HIV/AIDS 65.4% 66.9%

 Family Members of Participants with HIV/AIDS 34.6% 33.1%

 Race

 American Indian or Alaska Native 0.6% 2.2%

 Asian 0.4% 0.6%

 Black or African American 52.7% 39.9%

 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.3% 1.0%

 White 36.6% 51.1%

 American Indian or Alaska Native and White 0.3% 0.6%

 Asian and White 0.1% 0.2%

 Black or African American and White 1.2% 1.2%

 American Indian or Alaska Native and Black or African American 0.1% 0.1%

 Other Multi-Racial 7.9% 3.2%

 Ethnicity

 Hispanic 18.2% 14.3%

 Non-Hispanic 81.8% 85.7%

 Age

 Younger than 18 19.3% 18.8%

 18-30 14.0% 13.4%

 31-50 45.7% 49.4%

 51 or Older 21.0% 18.3%

 Sex2

 Female 40.8% 36.6%

 Male 59.2% 63.4%

1 Data on the number of beneficiaries of HOPWA Formula and Competitive Projects in Program Year 2010-2011 with corresponding demographic 

data comes in reports submitted by 215 of 217 grantees. 

2 Sex demographics do not include information on transgender beneficiaries. 

Percentages may not total 100 percent due to rounding.

Source: CAPER/IDIS Beneficiary Verification Worksheets (Formula Grants)

Annual Progress Reports (Competitive Grants)
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FY 2011

Housing Choice Vouchers

The Housing Choice Voucher program is authorized by the U.S. Housing Act of 1937 to provide rental 

subsidies to low- and very-low income families to help them afford decent, safe, and sanitary housing in the 

private market. The participant pays the difference between the subsidy and the rent charged by the landlord. 

Under certain circumstances, a participant may use his or her voucher to purchase a home.

Public Housing

The Low-Income Public Housing program is authorized by the U.S. Housing Act of 1937 to provide safe 

and decent rental housing for low-income families, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. Public housing 

comes in a variety of forms, from scattered-site single-family houses to high-rise apartments. 

Moderate Rehabilitation

The Moderate Rehabilitation program provides project-based rental assistance for low-income families. 

This program began in 1978 as an expansion of the rental certificate program after HUD determined that at 

least 2.7 million rental units had deficiencies requiring a moderate level of upgrading. The program was 

repealed in 1991, but assistance is provided to properties previously rehabilitated.

Table D.9 provides data on the race, ethnicity, age, sex, disability, and familial status of households 

receiving assistance from Housing Choice Vouchers, Public Housing, or Moderate Rehabilitation in the 18-

month period ending September 30, 2011. The data for race, ethnicity, age, and sex were provided for the 

head of household only, regardless of the composition of the household. The number of households 

represents only those beneficiaries that submitted data to HUD.
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FY 2011

Table D.9: Protected Characteristics of Beneficiaries of the Housing Choice Voucher Program, the Public 

Housing Program, and the Moderate Rehabilitation Program, for the 18-Month Period Ending 

September 30, 2011

Housing Choice Vouchers1Public Housing Mod. Rehab.

Number of Reported Households22,117,773 1,072,252 34,964

Race of Head of Household3

 American Indian or Alaska Native 0.8% 0.6% 1.2%

 Asian 2.1% 2.1% 1.5%

 Black or African American 43.7% 43.8% 43.6%

 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific 

 Islander 0.5% 0.4% 0.5%

 White 52.2% 52.5% 52.9%

 Multiple Race 0.7% 0.6% 0.4%

Ethnicity of Head of Household

 Hispanic or Latino 17.3% 23.5% 26.5%

 Not Hispanic or Latino 82.7% 76.5% 73.5%

Age of Head of Household

 Younger than 31 16.7% 18.8% 18.4%

 31-41 25.4% 17.5% 14.4%

 42-51 20.5% 16.6% 22.6%

 52-61 17.4% 17.6% 25.2%

 62 or Older 20.0% 29.4% 19.4%

 Unknown 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%

Sex of Head of Household

 Female 81.4% 75.5% 54.8%

 Male 18.5% 24.4% 45.2%

Disability

 Households Reporting a Disability440.5% 35.0% 45.3%

Families with Children

 Households with Children549.9% 40.8% 24.2%

Data are from the PIC system for the 18-month period ending on September 30, 2011. A household was excluded if their record 

showed a head of household younger than 15 years of age or older than 105 years of age or if the record showed either “end of 

participation” or “portability move-out.”

1. Vouchers include a small number of Section 8 Certificates.

2. “Reported Households” reflects the number of households with tenant data reports in the PIC system after exclusions for end of 

participation and age of household head below 15 years and over 105 years.

3. Entries for race are mutually exclusive and sum to 100 percent. There is no missing data for race or ethnicity as the PIC system 

forces the user to choose one ethnicity and at least one race.

4. “Households Reporting a Disability” reflect households where the head, spouse, or co-head reported a disability.

5. “Households with Children” reflect households with at least one child younger than 18 years of age.
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FY 2011

Community Development Block Grant-Recovery (CDBG-R)

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 appropriated $1 billion to carry out the 

Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program on an expedited basis. This program is commonly 

referred to as the CDBG Recovery (CDBG-R) program. Pursuant to the Recovery Act, HUD distributed $980 

million via formula grants to states, entitled metropolitan cities, and urban counties that received CDBG 

funding in FY 2008. (The remaining funds were used for the Indian CDBG program and for HUD administrative 

costs.) 

While grantees had the full range of CDBG eligible activities at their disposal for CDBG-R, the Recovery 

Act clearly intended that CDBG-R funds primarily be used for economic development, housing, infrastructure,

and public facilities activities that will quickly spur economic investment and job creation or retention. 

Table D.10 contains information on the race and ethnicity of households that benefited from CDBG-R’s 

owner-occupied housing rehabilitation and rental housing rehabilitation in FY 2011. The number of 

participants represents only those beneficiaries that have submitted data. Additional CDBG-R activities also 

had beneficiaries.

Table D.10: Protected Characteristics of Beneficiaries of CDBG-R’s Owner-Occupied Housing Rehabilitation 

and Rental Housing Rehabilitation, FY 2011

Owner-Occupied 

Housing Rehabilitation

Rental Housing 

Rehabilitation

Number of Participants 3,911 2,547

Race

 American Indian or Alaska Native 0.2% 1.0%

 Asian 1.0% 5.0%

 Black or African American 60.8% 16.2%

 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0.0% 0.7%

 White 35.1% 68.4%

 American Indian or Alaska Native and White 0.1% 0.7%

 Asian and White 0.1% 0.0%

 Black or African American and White 0.1% 0.6%

 American Indian or Alaska Native and Black or 

African American 0.0% 0.0%

 Other Multi-Racial 2.6% 7.4%

 Ethnicity

 Hispanic or Latino 9.5% 13.1%

 Not Hispanic or Latino 90.5% 86.9%

Percentages may not total 100 percent due to rounding.

Source: Integrated Disbursement and Information System (IDIS)
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FY 2011

Glossary

Administrative Closure: An administrative closure occurs when a complainant withdraws the complaint, fails 

to cooperate, or can no longer be located. HUD and FHAP agencies also administratively close complaints 

when, after accepting the complaint, it is determined that they lack jurisdiction.

Architectural Barriers Act of 1968: A federal law that requires that buildings and facilities designed, 

constructed, altered, or leased with certain federal funds after September 1969 be accessible to and usable by 

persons with disabilities.

Age Discrimination Act of 1975: A federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of age in programs or 

activities receiving federal financial assistance.

Charge of Discrimination: Under the Fair Housing Act, unless a conciliation agreement is reached during the 

course of the investigation, HUD issues a charge of discrimination after it conducts a full investigation and 

determines that reasonable cause exists to believe that a discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is 

about to occur.

Conciliation Agreement: Under the Fair Housing Act or substantially equivalent state or local law, a

conciliation agreement is an agreement between a complainant and respondent that is approved by HUD or 

the FHAP agency. A conciliation agreement seeks to protect the rights of the complainant and the respondent 

and satisfy the public interest. HUD or the FHAP agency does not issue a determination in a complaint if a 

conciliation agreement is reached prior to the completion of the investigation.

Design and Construction Requirements of the Fair Housing Act: The Fair Housing Act requires that particular 

multifamily dwellings constructed for first occupancy after March 13, 1991, contain seven design and 

construction features that increase the property’s accessibility to persons with disabilities. The accessibility 

requirements apply to all units in covered multifamily buildings with an elevator and to the ground floor units 

in covered multifamily buildings without elevators. Common spaces, such as exercise rooms, lobbies, 

mailboxes, laundry rooms, parking lots, and sidewalks of covered multifamily dwellings, must be accessible 

regardless of building type.

DOJ Referral: HUD refers to the U.S. Department of Justice housing discrimination matters that involve 

criminal allegations, a suspected pattern or practice of discrimination, or possible zoning or land use violations.

Equal Credit Opportunity Act: A federal law that prohibits any creditor from discriminating against any 

applicant with respect to any aspect of a credit transaction on the following bases: race, color, religion, 

national origin, sex, marital status, or age (provided that the applicant has the capacity to contract); because all 

or part of the applicant’s income derives from any public assistance program; or because the applicant has 

exercised any right under the Consumer Credit Protection Act.

Executive Order 11063: An executive order that prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, 

national origin, sex, disability, or familial status in the sale, leasing, rental, or other disposition of properties and 

facilities owned or operated by the Federal Government or provided with federal funds.

Executive Order 11246: An executive order that prohibits federal contractors and federally assisted 

construction contractors and subcontractors, who do more than $10,000 in Federal Government business in 

one year, from discriminating in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national 
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FY 2011

origin. This Executive Order also requires Federal Government contractors to take affirmative action to ensure 

that equal opportunity is provided in all aspects of their employment.

Executive Order 11625: An executive order that requires each federal agency to develop comprehensive plans 

and specific program goals for a national Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) contracting program.

Executive Order 12250: An executive order that requires consistent and effective implementation of various 

laws prohibiting discriminatory practices in programs receiving federal financial assistance.

Executive Order 12259: An executive order that gave the Secretary of HUD the responsibility of ensuring that 

all federal programs and activities related to housing and urban development are administered in a manner to 

affirmatively further fair housing. Executive Order 12259 also amended Executive Order 11063 to prohibit 

discrimination based on sex. On January 17, 1994, Executive Order 12259 was revoked and replaced by 

Executive Order 12892.

Executive Order 12432: An executive order that requires each federal agency with substantial procurement or 

grant-making authority to develop a Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) development plan.

Executive Order 12898: An executive order that requires that each federal agency conduct its programs, 

policies, and activities that substantially affect human health or the environment in a manner that does not 

exclude persons on the basis of race, color, or national origin.

Executive Order 13166: An executive order that directs federal agencies to provide meaningful access to 

federally conducted and federally assisted programs and activities for persons who, as a result of national 

origin, are limited English proficient.

Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968): A federal law that prohibits discrimination on the 

basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, or disability in the sale, rental, and financing of 

dwellings and in certain other housing-related transactions. The Fair Housing Act also makes it unlawful to 

coerce, threaten, intimidate, or interfere with any person for exercising or enjoying their fair housing rights or 

encouraging or aiding others in the exercise or enjoyment of their fair housing rights.

Fair Housing Enforcement Organization (FHO): Any organization, whether or not it is solely engaged in fair 

housing enforcement activities, that: (1) Is organized as a private, tax-exempt, nonprofit, charitable 

organization; (2) Is currently engaged in complaint intake, complaint investigation, testing for fair housing 

violations and enforcement of meritorious claims; and (3) Upon the receipt of FHIP funds will continue to be 

engaged in complaint intake, complaint investigation, testing for fair housing violations and enforcement of 

meritorious claims. See 24 CFR 125.103. 

Familial Status: A protected class under the Fair Housing Act defined to include one or more children under 

the age of 18 domiciled with a parent or another person having legal custody over such children, or the 

designee of such parent or other person having such custody with the written permission of such parent or 

other person, and persons who are pregnant or in the process of obtaining legal custody of a child less than 18 

years of age.

No Reasonable Cause Determination: Unless a conciliation agreement is reached during the course of the 

investigation, HUD or the FHAP agency issues a no reasonable cause determination, if, after it conducts a full 

investigation, it finds no reasonable cause exists to believe that a discriminatory housing practice in violation of 
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FY 2011

the Fair Housing Act or substantially equivalent State or local law has occurred or is about to occur.

Qualified Fair Housing Enforcement Organization (QFHO): Any organization, whether or not it is solely 

engaged in fair housing enforcement activities, that: (1) Is organized as a private, tax-exempt, nonprofit, 

charitable organization; (2) Has at least 2 years experience in complaint intake, complaint investigation, testing 

for fair housing violations and enforcement of meritorious claims; and (3) Is engaged in complaint intake, 

complaint investigation, testing for fair housing violations, and enforcement of meritorious claims at the time 

of application for FHIP assistance. For the purpose of meeting the 2-year qualification period, it is not 

necessary that the activities were conducted simultaneously, as long as each activity was conducted for 2 years. 

It is also not necessary for the activities to have been conducted for 2 consecutive or continuous years. An 

organization may aggregate its experience in each activity over the 3 year period preceding its application to 

meet the 2-year qualification period requirement. See 24 CFR 125.103.

Reasonable Accommodation: A change in rules, policies, practices, or services required to afford an equal 

opportunity to a person with a disability to use and enjoy a dwelling. For example, an apartment manager 

would make a reasonable accommodation for a tenant with a mobility disability by granting the tenant’s 

request for an assigned parking space in front of the entrance to his or her unit, even though the apartment 

complex is not in the practice of assigning parking spaces to tenants.

Reasonable Cause Determination: Unless a conciliation agreement is reached, after the conclusion of an 

investigation, HUD or a FHAP agency issues a determination of reasonable cause if it determines that, under 

the Fair Housing Act or substantially equivalent state or local law, reasonable cause exists to believe that a 

discriminatory housing practice has occurred or is about to occur.

Reasonable Modification: Under the Fair Housing Act, it is unlawful to refuse to allow persons with disabilities 

to make reasonable modifications, at their own expense, to the premises occupied or to be occupied by such 

persons, if the modification is necessary to allow such person the full enjoyment of the premises. Reasonable 

modifications may be made to common areas, such as lobbies and main entrances, and the interior of units. 

For example, a person with a mobility impairment may need to install grab bars in order to be able to use his or 

her toilet or shower. 

Redlining: A practice prohibited under the Fair Housing Act by which lenders or insurers refuse to do business 

in certain neighborhoods because members of a protected class live there.

Section 3 Business Concern: A business that meets at least one of three criteria: (1) 51 percent or more 

owned by Section 3 residents; (2) At least 30 percent of permanent, full-time employees are currently Section 3 

residents, or within 3 years of the date of first employment with the business concern were considered 

Section 3 residents; or (3) Provide evidence of a commitment to subcontract more than 25 percent of the dollar 

award of all subcontracts to businesses that meet one of the qualifications described above for Section 3 

business concerns.

Section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968: A federal law that requires that employment 

and other economic opportunities generated by certain HUD financial assistance shall, to the greatest extent 

feasible, be directed to low- and very low-income persons, particularly those who are recipients of government 

assistance for housing, and to business concerns that provide economic opportunities to low- and very lowincome persons.

Section 3 Resident: A Section 3 resident is a public housing resident or low- or very low-income person residing 
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in the metropolitan area or nonmetropolitan county in which Section 3-covered assistance is expended.

Section 8(a) of the Small Business Act: A federal law that authorizes the Small Business Administration (SBA) 

to enter into contracts with other federal agencies. The SBA then subcontracts the actual performance of the 

work to small businesses owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals. 

Through a memorandum of understanding, SBA delegated the authority to HUD to contract directly with 8(a) 

firms. 

Section 109 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974: A federal law that prohibits 

discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, or religion in programs and activities receiving 

financial assistance under Title I of the Act, including the Community Development Block Grant program, Urban 

Development Action Grants, Economic Development Initiative Grants, Special Purpose Grants, and the Section 

108 Loan Guarantee program. While Section 109 does not include discrimination based on age or disability on 

the list of prohibited bases, the statute makes applicable to these programs the prohibitions against 

discrimination on the basis of age found in the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 and the prohibitions against 

discrimination on the basis of disability found in Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. On 

December 30, 2005, Section 109 was amended by the Support our Scouts Act. The Support our Scouts Act 

prohibits states or units of general local government that receive assistance under Title I of the Housing and 

Community Development Act and have designated open forums, limited public forums, or nonpublic forums, 

from discriminating against or denying equal access to any youth organization, including the Boy Scouts of 

America, that wishes to conduct a meeting or otherwise participate in any of the aforementioned forums.

Section 282 of the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act: A federal law that prohibits 

discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin under any program or activity 

receiving assistance from the HOME Investment Partnerships program. While Section 282 does not directly 

prohibit discrimination based on age or disability, the statute states that the prohibitions against discrimination 

on the basis of age found in the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 and the prohibitions against discrimination on 

the basis of disability found in Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 apply to HOME programs or 

activities.

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973: A federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of 

disability in any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. 

Section 527 of the National Housing Act: A federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any 

federally related mortgage loan, or federal insurance, guaranty, or other assistance in connection therewith.

Section 1978 of the Revised Statutes: A federal law that gives all citizens of the United States, regardless of 

race, the same rights in every state and territory to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and 

personal property.

Settlement Agreement: A settlement agreement is a private agreement between the complainant and 

respondent in a case brought under the Fair Housing Act or a substantially equivalent state or local law. A 

private settlement is not submitted for approval to HUD or the FHAP agency and typically does not contain 

public interest relief. HUD or the FHAP agency does not issue a determination of reasonable cause or no 

reasonable cause if a settlement agreement is reached prior to the completion of the investigation.

Steering: The practice, prohibited under the Fair Housing Act, of directing persons to certain neighborhoods, 

loans, or insurance products because of their race or other protected characteristic. For example, a real estate 
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agent who automatically limits the home search of an African-American couple to neighborhoods with large 

minority populations would be engaging in unlawful steering.

Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990: A federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis 

of disability in programs, services, and activities provided or made available by public entities. The U.S. 

Department of Justice has primary enforcement responsibility for Title II of the ADA. HUD enforces Title II of 

the ADA when it relates to state and local public housing, housing assistance, and housing referrals. 

Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: A federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or 

national origin in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance.

Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972: A federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of 

sex in education programs or activities that receive federal financial assistance. The U.S. Department of 

Education has primary enforcement responsibility for Title IX. HUD enforces Title IX in HUD-funded educational 

and training programs and activities.
WWW.HUD.GOV/FAIRHOUSING

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

451 7th St. SW, Washington, DC 20410

Housing Discrimination Hotline

1.800.669.9777 (Voice)

1.800.927.9275 (TTY)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT