I 

116TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION H. R. 5470 

To ensure American leadership in low-Earth orbit and deep space exploration, 

and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

DECEMBER 17, 2019 

Mr. WEBER of Texas introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 

Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 

A BILL 

To ensure American leadership in low-Earth orbit and deep 

space exploration, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘U.S. Leadership in Space Act of 2019’’. 

6 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 

7 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Definitions. 

TITLE I—HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND EXPLORATION 

Sec. 101. Steppingstone approach to exploration. 

Sec. 102. Technical amendments relating to Artemis missions. 


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Sec. 103. Establishment of Artemis program management office. 

Sec. 104. Advanced cislunar and lunar surface capabilities. 

Sec. 105. Advanced spacesuits. 

Sec. 106. Life science and physical science research. 

Sec. 107. Value of International Space Station and capabilities in low-Earth 

orbit. 

Sec. 108. Extension and modification relating to International Space Station. 

Sec. 109. Commercial development in low-Earth orbit. 

Sec. 110. Maintaining a national laboratory in space. 

TITLE II—SAFETY AND TRANSPARENCY 

Sec. 201. Crew transportation safety. 

TITLE III—U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY 

Sec. 301. Cybersecurity. 

Sec. 302. Exemption from the Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation 

Act. 

Sec. 303. Limitation on cooperation with the People’s Republic of China. 

Sec. 304. Countering Chinese threats to U.S. activities in space. 

Sec. 305. Consideration of issues related to contracting with entities receiving 

assistance from or affiliated with the People’s Republic of 

China. 

1 SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

2 In this Act: 

3 (1) ADMINISTRATION.—The term ‘‘Administra4 tion’’ means the National Aeronautics and Space 

5 Administration. 

6 (2) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis7 trator’’ means the Administrator of the National 

8 Aeronautics and Space Administration. 

9 (3) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CON10 GRESS.—Except as otherwise expressly provided, the 

11 term ‘‘appropriate committees of Congress’’ 

12 means— 

13 (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 

14 and Transportation of the Senate; and 


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1 (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 

2 Technology of the House of Representatives. 

3 (4) CISLUNAR SPACE.—The term ‘‘cislunar 

4 space’’ means the region of space beyond low-Earth 

5 orbit out to and including the region around the sur6 face of the Moon. 

7 (5) DEEP SPACE.—The term ‘‘deep space’’ 

8 means the region of space beyond low-Earth orbit, 

9 including cislunar space. 

10 (6) DEVELOPMENT COST.—The term ‘‘develop11 ment cost’’ has the meaning given the term in sec12 tion 30104 of title 51, United States Code. 

13 (7) ISS.—The term ‘‘ISS’’ means the Inter14 national Space Station. 

15 (8) ISS MANAGEMENT ENTITY.—The term 

16 ‘‘ISS management entity’’ means the organization 

17 with which the Administrator has entered into a co18 operative agreement under section 504(a) of the Na19 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Au20 thorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(a)). 

21 (9) NASA.—The term ‘‘NASA’’ means the Na22 tional Aeronautics and Space Administration. 

23 (10) JOHNSON SPACE CENTER.—The term 

24 ‘‘Johnson Space Center’’ means the Lyndon B. 

25 Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. 


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1 (11) ORION.—The term ‘‘Orion’’ means the 

2 multipurpose crew vehicle described in section 303 of 

3 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

4 Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18323). 

5 (12) OSTP.—The term ‘‘OSTP’’ means the Of6 fice of Science and Technology Policy. 

7 (13) SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM.—The term 

8 ‘‘Space Launch System’’ means the Space Launch 

9 System authorized under section 302 of the National 

10 Aeronautics and Space Administration Act of 2010 

11 (42 U.S.C. 18322). 

12 (14) LUNAR GATEWAY.—The term ‘‘Lunar 

13 Gateway’’ means the Lunar Orbital Platform ref14 erenced in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 

15 2019 (Public Law 116–6). 

16 TITLE I—HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT 

17 AND EXPLORATION 

18 SEC. 101. STEPPINGSTONE APPROACH TO EXPLORATION. 

19 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 70504 of title 51, United 

20 States Code, is amended to read as follows: 

21 ‘‘§ 70504. Steppingstone approach to exploration 

22 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in sustain23 able steps, may conduct missions to intermediate destina24 tions, such as the Moon, in accordance with section 

25 20302(b), and on a timetable determined by the availVerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470

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1 ability of funding, in order to achieve the objective of 

2 human exploration of Mars specified in section 202(b)(5) 

3 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Au4 thorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(b)(5)), if the 

5 Administrator— 

6 ‘‘(1) determines that each such mission dem7 onstrates or advances a technology or operational 

8 concept that will enable human missions to Mars; 

9 and 

10 ‘‘(2) incorporates each such mission into the 

11 human exploration roadmap under section 432 of 

12 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

13 Transition Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 

14 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note). 

15 ‘‘(b) CISLUNAR SPACE EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES.— 

16 In conducting a mission under subsection (a), the Admin17 istrator shall— 

18 ‘‘(1) use a combination of launches of the Space 

19 Launch System and space transportation services 

20 from United States commercial providers, as appro21 priate, for the mission; 

22 ‘‘(2) plan for not fewer than one Space Launch 

23 System launch annually beginning after the Artemis 

24 II mission; and 


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1 ‘‘(3) establish an outpost in orbit around the 

2 Moon that— 

3 ‘‘(A) demonstrates technologies, systems, 

4 and operational concepts directly applicable to 

5 the space vehicle that will be used to transport 

6 humans to Mars; 

7 ‘‘(B) has the capability for periodic human 

8 habitation; and 

9 ‘‘(C) can function as a point of departure, 

10 return, or staging for Administration or non11 governmental or international partner missions 

12 to multiple locations on the lunar surface or 

13 other destinations. 

14 ‘‘(c) COST-EFFECTIVENESS.—To maximize the cost15 effectiveness of the long-term space exploration and utili16 zation activities of the United States, the Administrator 

17 shall take all necessary steps, including engaging non18 governmental and international partners, to ensure that 

19 activities in the Administration’s human space exploration 

20 program are balanced in order to help meet the require21 ments of future exploration and utilization activities lead22 ing to human habitation on the surface of Mars. 

23 ‘‘(d) COMPLETION.—Within budgetary consider24 ations, once an exploration-related project enters its devel25 opment phase, the Administrator shall seek, to the maxVerDate Sep 11 2014 19:22 Jan 09, 2020 Jkt 099200 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H5470.IH H5470

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1 imum extent practicable, to complete that project without 

2 undue delay. 

3 ‘‘(e) INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION.—To achieve 

4 the goal of successfully conducting a crewed mission to 

5 the surface of Mars, the Administrator shall invite the 

6 partners in the ISS program and other nations, as appro7 priate, to participate in an international initiative under 

8 the leadership of the United States.’’. 

9 (b) DEFINITION OF CISLUNAR SPACE.—Section 

10 10101 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by add11 ing at the end the following: 

12 ‘‘(3) CISLUNAR SPACE.—The term ‘cislunar 

13 space’ means the region of space beyond low-Earth 

14 orbit out to and including the region around the sur15 face of the Moon.’’. 

16 (c) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 

17 Section 3 of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis18 tration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18302) is 

19 amended by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting 

20 the following: 

21 ‘‘(2) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CON22 GRESS.—The term ‘appropriate committees of Con23 gress’ means— 

24 ‘‘(A) the Committee on Commerce, 

25 Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and 


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1 ‘‘(B) the Committee on Science, Space, 

2 and Technology of the House of Representa3 tives. 

4 ‘‘(3) CISLUNAR SPACE.—The term ‘cislunar 

5 space’ means the region of space beyond low-Earth 

6 orbit out to and including the region around the sur7 face of the Moon.’’. 

8 SEC. 102. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS RELATING TO 

9 ARTEMIS MISSIONS. 

10 (1) Section 421 of the National Aeronautics 

11 and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2017 

12 (Public Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20301 note) is 

13 amended— 

14 (A) in subsection (c)(3)— 

15 (i) by striking ‘‘EM–1’’ and inserting 

16 ‘‘Artemis I’’; 

17 (ii) by striking ‘‘EM–2’’ and inserting 

18 ‘‘Artemis II’’; and 

19 (iii) by striking ‘‘EM–3’’ and inserting 

20 ‘‘Artemis III’’; and 

21 (B) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ‘‘EM– 

22 3’’ and inserting ‘‘Artemis III’’. 

23 (2) Section 432(b) of the National Aeronautics 

24 and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2017 


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1 (Public Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note) is 

2 amended— 

3 (A) in paragraph (3)(D)— 

4 (i) by striking ‘‘EM–1’’ and inserting 

5 ‘‘Artemis I’’; and 

6 (ii) by striking ‘‘EM–2’’ and inserting 

7 ‘‘Artemis II’’; and 

8 (B) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking ‘‘EM– 

9 3’’ and inserting ‘‘Artemis III’’. 

10 SEC. 103. ESTABLISHMENT OF ARTEMIS PROGRAM MAN11 AGEMENT OFFICE. 

12 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con13 gress that— 

14 (1) the Johnson Space Center was established 

15 in 1961 to serve as the centralized location to house 

16 the organizations that led the Apollo program; 

17 (2) the Johnson Space Center has decades of 

18 experience working with international partners, 

19 other Federal agencies, and partners in industry and 

20 academia to study, develop, and carry out the 

21 human spaceflight priorities of the United States; 

22 (3) the Johnson Space Center’s architecture 

23 and program roles include crewed mission manage24 ment, program definition and management, systems 


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1 analysis and concepts, as well as overall crewed des2 tination system development integration; 

3 (4) NASA has documented its lessons learned 

4 for complex program management within the NASA 

5 Policy Directive (NPD 7120.4) for Program/Project 

6 Management and NASA Space Flight Program and 

7 Project Management Requirements (NPR 7120.5). 

8 These documents delineate the scope and expecta9 tions for successful program implementation in 

10 NASA; and 

11 (5) the Artemis program should leverage the ex12 pertise unique to Johnson Space Center. 

13 (b) ESTABLISHMENT OF ARTEMIS PROGRAM MAN14 AGEMENT OFFICE.— 

15 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall es16 tablish the Artemis program management office at 

17 Johnson Space Center. 

18 SEC. 104. ADVANCED CISLUNAR AND LUNAR SURFACE CA19 PABILITIES. 

20 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con21 gress that— 

22 (1) NASA developed the Artemis program— 

23 (A) to fulfill the goal of landing United 

24 States astronauts, including the first woman 

25 and the next man, on the Moon by 2024; and 


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1 (B) to collaborate with commercial and 

2 international partners to establish sustainable 

3 lunar exploration by 2028; and 

4 (2) in carrying out the Artemis program, the 

5 Administration should ensure that the entire 

6 Artemis program is inclusive and representative of 

7 all people of the United States, including women and 

8 minorities. 

9 (b) LANDER PROGRAM.— 

10 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall fos11 ter the flight demonstration of not more than 2 

12 human-class lunar lander designs through public-pri13 vate partnerships. 

14 (2) INITIAL DEVELOPMENT PHASE.—The Ad15 ministrator may support the formulation of more 

16 than 2 concepts in the initial development phase. 

17 (c) LUNAR GATEWAY PROGRAM.— 

18 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall es19 tablish an outpost in orbit around the Moon that— 

20 (A) demonstrates technologies, systems, 

21 and operational concepts directly applicable to 

22 the space vehicle that will be used to transport 

23 humans to Mars; 

24 (B) has the capability for periodic human 

25 habitation; and 


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1 (C) can function as a point of departure, 

2 return, or staging for Administration or non3 governmental or international partner missions 

4 to multiple locations on the lunar surface or 

5 other destinations. 

6 (d) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the programs 

7 under subsection (b) and subsection (c), the Administrator 

8 shall— 

9 (1) enter into industry-led partnerships using a 

10 fixed-price, milestone-based approach; 

11 (2) to the maximum extent practicable, encour12 age reusability and sustainability of systems devel13 oped; 

14 (3) ensure availability of one or more lunar 

15 polar science payloads for a demonstration mission; 

16 and 

17 (4) to the maximum extent practicable, offer ex18 isting capabilities and assets of NASA centers to 

19 support these partnerships. 

20 (e) FULL UTILIZATION OF SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM, 

21 EXPLORATION UPPER STAGE, AND EXPLORATION

22 GROUND SYSTEMS.—In carrying out the program under 

23 subsection (b), the Administrator shall— 

24 (1) to the maximum extent practicable, make 

25 use of the Space Launch System, Exploration Upper 


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1 Stage, Exploration Ground Systems, and associated 

2 facilities and infrastructure available for the launch 

3 of an integrated Human Landing System; and 

4 (2) as space allows, add secondary payload ca5 pacity on the Space Launch System to support on6 going Human Landing Systems and Lunar Gateway 

7 elements. 

8 SEC. 105. ADVANCED SPACESUITS. 

9 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con10 gress that next-generation advanced spacesuits are a crit11 ical technology for human space exploration and use of 

12 low-Earth orbit, cislunar space, the surface of the Moon, 

13 and Mars. 

14 (b) DEVELOPMENT PLAN.—The Administrator shall 

15 establish a detailed plan for the development and manu16 facture of advanced spacesuits, consistent with the deep 

17 space exploration goals and timetables of NASA. 

18 (c) DIVERSE ASTRONAUT CORPS.—The Adminis19 trator shall ensure that spacesuits developed and manufac20 tured after the date of the enactment of this Act are capa21 ble of accommodating a wide range of sizes of astronauts 

22 so as to meet the needs of the diverse NASA astronaut 

23 corps. 


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1 (d) ISS USE.—Throughout the operational life of the 

2 ISS, the Administrator should fully use the ISS for testing 

3 advanced spacesuits. 

4 (e) PRIOR INVESTMENTS.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—In developing an advanced 

6 spacesuit, the Administrator shall, to the maximum 

7 extent practicable, leverage prior and existing invest8 ments in advanced spacesuit technologies to maxi9 mize the benefits of such investments and tech10 nologies. 

11 (2) AGREEMENTS WITH PRIVATE ENTITIES.—In 

12 carrying out this subsection, the Administrator may 

13 enter into one or more agreements with one or more 

14 private entities for the manufacture of advanced 

15 spacesuits, as the Administrator considers appro16 priate. 

17 (f) BRIEFING.—Not later than 180 days after the 

18 date of the enactment of this Act, and semiannually there19 after until NASA procures advanced spacesuits under this 

20 section, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate com21 mittees of Congress on the development plan in subsection 

22 (b). 


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1 SEC. 106. LIFE SCIENCE AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE RE2 SEARCH. 

3 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con4 gress that— 

5 (1) the 2011 decadal survey on biological and 

6 physical sciences in space identifies— 

7 (A) many areas in which fundamental sci8 entific research is needed to efficiently advance 

9 the range of human activities in space, from the 

10 first stages of exploration to eventual economic 

11 development; and 

12 (B) many areas of basic and applied sci13 entific research that could use the microgravity, 

14 radiation, and other aspects of the spaceflight 

15 environment to answer fundamental scientific 

16 questions; 

17 (2) given the central role of life science and 

18 physical science research in developing the future of 

19 space exploration, NASA should continue to invest 

20 strategically in such research to maintain United 

21 States leadership in space exploration; and 

22 (3) such research remains important to the ob23 jectives of NASA with respect to long-duration deep 

24 space human exploration to the Moon and Mars, and 

25 developing a commercial space economy in low-Earth 

26 orbit. 


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1 (b) PROGRAM CONTINUATION.— 

2 (1) IN GENERAL.—In support of the goals de3 scribed in section 20302 of title 51, United States 

4 Code, the Administrator shall continue to implement 

5 a collaborative, multidisciplinary life science and 

6 physical science fundamental research program— 

7 (A) to build a scientific foundation for the 

8 exploration and development of space; 

9 (B) to investigate the mechanisms of 

10 changes to biological systems and physical sys11 tems, and the environments of those systems in 

12 space, including the effects of long-duration ex13 posure to deep space-related environmental fac14 tors on those systems; 

15 (C) to understand the effects of combined 

16 deep space radiation and altered gravity levels 

17 on biological systems so as to inform the devel18 opment and testing of potential counter19 measures; 

20 (D) to understand physical phenomena in 

21 reduced gravity that affect design and perform22 ance of enabling technologies necessary for the 

23 space exploration program; 


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1 (E) to provide scientific opportunities to 

2 educate, train, and develop the next generation 

3 of researchers and engineers; and 

4 (F) to provide state-of-the-art data reposi5 tories and curation of large multi-data sets to 

6 enable comparative research analyses. 

7 (2) ELEMENTS.—The program under para8 graph (1) shall— 

9 (A) include fundamental research relating 

10 to life science, space bioscience, and physical 

11 science; and 

12 (B) maximize intra-agency and interagency 

13 partnerships to advance space exploration, sci14 entific knowledge, and benefits to Earth. 

15 (3) USE OF FACILITIES.—In carrying out the 

16 program under paragraph (1), the Administrator 

17 may use ground-based, air-based, and space-based 

18 facilities in low-Earth orbit and beyond low-Earth 

19 orbit. 

20 (c) LUNAR DISCOVERY PROGRAMS.— 

21 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator may 

22 carry out a program to conduct lunar science re23 search, including missions to the surface of the 

24 Moon, that materially contributes to the objective 


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1 described in section 20102(d)(1) of title 51, United 

2 States Code. 

3 (A) COMMERCIAL LANDERS.—In carrying 

4 out a program under subsection (a), the Admin5 istrator may procure the services of commercial 

6 landers developed primarily by United States 

7 industry to land science payloads of all classes 

8 on the lunar surface. 

9 (B) LUNAR SCIENCE RESEARCH.—The Ad10 ministrator shall ensure that lunar science re11 search carried out under subsection (a) is con12 sistent with recommendations made by the Na13 tional Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 

14 Medicine. 

15 (C) LUNAR POLAR VOLATILES.—In car16 rying out a program under subsection (a), the 

17 Administrator shall, at the earliest opportunity, 

18 consider mission proposals to evaluate the po19 tential of lunar polar volatiles to contribute to 

20 sustainable lunar exploration. 

21 SEC. 107. VALUE OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AND 

22 CAPABILITIES IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT. 

23 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con24 gress that— 


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1 (1) it is in the national and economic security 

2 interests of the United States to maintain a contin3 uous human presence in low-Earth orbit; 

4 (2) low-Earth orbit should be used as a test bed 

5 to advance human space exploration and scientific 

6 discoveries; and 

7 (3) the ISS is a critical component of economic, 

8 commercial, and industrial development in low-Earth 

9 orbit. 

10 (b) HUMAN PRESENCE REQUIREMENT.—The United 

11 States shall continuously maintain the capability for a 

12 continuous human presence in low-Earth orbit through 

13 and beyond the useful life of the ISS. 

14 SEC. 108. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION RELATING TO 

15 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 

16 (a) POLICY.—Section 501(a) of the National Aero17 nautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 

18 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18351(a)) is amended by striking 

19 ‘‘2024’’ and inserting ‘‘2030’’. 

20 (b) MAINTENANCE OF UNITED STATES SEGMENT

21 AND ASSURANCE OF CONTINUED OPERATIONS.—Section 

22 503(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administra23 tion Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18353(a)) is 

24 amended by striking ‘‘September 30, 2024’’ and inserting 

25 ‘‘September 30, 2030’’. 


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1 (c) RESEARCH CAPACITY ALLOCATION AND INTE2 GRATION OF RESEARCH PAYLOADS.—Section 504(d) of 

3 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Au4 thorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(d)) is amend5 ed— 

6 (1) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence— 

7 (A) by striking ‘‘As soon as practicable’’ 

8 and all that follows through ‘‘2011,’’ and in9 serting ‘‘The’’; and 

10 (B) by striking ‘‘September 30, 2024’’ and 

11 inserting ‘‘September 30, 2030’’; and 

12 (2) in paragraph (2), in the third sentence, by 

13 striking ‘‘September 30, 2024’’ and inserting ‘‘Sep14 tember 30, 2030’’. 

15 (d) MAINTENANCE OF USE.— 

16 (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 70907 of title 51, 

17 United States Code, is amended— 

18 (A) in the section heading, by striking 

19 ‘‘2024’’ and inserting ‘‘2030’’; 

20 (B) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘Sep21 tember 30, 2024’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 

22 2030’’; and 

23 (C) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ‘‘Sep24 tember 30, 2024’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 

25 2030’’. 


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1 (e) TRANSITION PLAN REPORTS.—Section 

2 50111(c)(2) of title 51, United States Code, is amended— 

3 (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), 

4 by striking ‘‘2023’’ and inserting ‘‘2028’’; and 

5 (2) in subparagraph (J), by striking ‘‘2028’’ 

6 and inserting ‘‘2030’’. 

7 (f) ELIMINATION OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE STA8 TION NATIONAL LABORATORY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.— 

9 Section 70906 of title 51, United States Code, is repealed. 

10 (g) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Chapter 709 of 

11 title 51, United States Code, is amended— 

12 (1) by redesignating section 70907 as section 

13 70906; and 

14 (2) in the table of sections for the chapter, by 

15 striking the items relating to sections 70906 and 

16 70907 and inserting the following: 

‘‘Sec. 70906. Maintaining use through at least 2030.’’. 

17 SEC. 109. COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN LOW-EARTH 

18 ORBIT. 

19 (a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 

20 United States to encourage the development of a thriving 

21 and robust United States commercial sector in low-Earth 

22 orbit. 

23 (b) PREFERENCE FOR UNITED STATES COMMERCIAL

24 PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.—The Administrator shall con25 tinue to increase the use of assets, products, and services 


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1 of private entities in the United States to fulfill the low2 Earth orbit requirements of the Administration. 

3 (c) NONCOMPETITION.— 

4 (1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para5 graph (2), the Administrator may not offer to a for6 eign person or a foreign government a spaceflight 

7 product or service relating to the ISS, if a com8 parable spaceflight product or service, as applicable, 

9 is offered by a private entity in the United States. 

10 (2) EXCEPTION.—The Administrator may offer 

11 a space-flight product or service relating to the ISS 

12 to the government of a country that is a signatory 

13 to the Agreement Among the Government of Can14 ada, Governments of Member States of the Euro15 pean Space Agency, the Government of Japan, the 

16 Government of the Russian Federation, and the 

17 Government of the United States of America Con18 cerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space 

19 Station, signed at Washington January 29, 1998, 

20 and entered into force on March 27, 2001 (TIAS 

21 12927). This includes any foreign nationals that are 

22 sponsored by the signatories of the Agreement. 

23 (d) SHORT-DURATION COMMERCIAL MISSIONS.—To 

24 provide opportunities for additional transport of astro25 nauts to the ISS and help establish a commercial market 


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1 in low-Earth orbit, the Administrator may permit short2 duration missions to the ISS for commercial passengers. 

3 (e) PROGRAM AUTHORIZATION.— 

4 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall 

5 establish a low-Earth orbit development program to 

6 encourage the fullest commercial use and develop7 ment of space by private entities in the United 

8 States. 

9 (2) ELEMENTS.—The program established 

10 under paragraph (1) shall, to the maximum extent 

11 practicable, include activities— 

12 (A) to stimulate demand for— 

13 (i) space-based commercial research, 

14 development, and manufacturing; 

15 (ii) spaceflight products and services; 

16 and 

17 (iii) human spaceflight products and 

18 services in low-Earth orbit; 

19 (B) to improve the capability of the ISS to 

20 accommodate commercial users; and 

21 (C) subject to paragraph (3), to foster the 

22 development of commercial space stations and 

23 habitats. 

24 (3) COMMERCIAL SPACE STATIONS AND HABI25 TATS.— 


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1 (A) PRIORITY.—With respect to an activity 

2 to develop a commercial space station or habi3 tat, the Administrator shall give priority to an 

4 activity for which a private entity provides a 

5 share of the cost to develop and operate the ac6 tivity. 

7 (B) LIMITATION.—The Administrator may 

8 not provide funding for the development of a 

9 commercial space station or habitat until after 

10 the date on which the Administrator awards a 

11 contract for the use of a docking port on the 

12 ISS. 

13 (C) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days 

14 after the date that an award or agreement is 

15 made to carry out an activity to develop a com16 mercial space station or habitat, the Adminis17 trator shall submit to the appropriate commit18 tees of Congress a report on the development of 

19 the commercial space station or habitat, as ap20 plicable, that includes— 

21 (i) a business plan that describes the 

22 manner in which the project will— 

23 (I) meet the future requirements 

24 of NASA for low-Earth orbit human 

25 space-flight services; and 


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1 (II) fulfill the cost-share funding 

2 prioritization under subparagraph (A); 

3 and 

4 (ii) a review of the viability of the 

5 operational business case, including— 

6 (I) the level of expected Govern7 ment participation; 

8 (II) a list of anticipated non9 governmental and international cus10 tomers and associated contributions; 

11 and 

12 (III) an assessment of long-term 

13 sustainability for the nongovernmental 

14 customers, including an independent 

15 assessment of the viability of the mar16 ket for such commercial services or 

17 products. 

18 SEC. 110. MAINTAINING A NATIONAL LABORATORY IN 

19 SPACE. 

20 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con21 gress that— 

22 (1) the United States segment of the Inter23 national Space Station (as defined in section 70905 

24 of title 51, United States Code), which is designated 


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1 as a national laboratory under section 70905(b) of 

2 title 51, United States Code— 

3 (A) benefits the scientific community and 

4 promotes commerce in space; 

5 (B) fosters stronger relationships among 

6 NASA and other Federal agencies, the private 

7 sector, and research groups and universities; 

8 (C) advances science, technology, engineer9 ing, and mathematics education through use of 

10 the unique microgravity environment; and 

11 (D) advances human knowledge and inter12 national cooperation; 

13 (2) after the ISS is decommissioned, the United 

14 States should maintain a national microgravity lab15 oratory in space; 

16 (3) in maintaining a national microgravity lab17 oratory in space, the United States should make ap18 propriate accommodations for different types of own19 ership and operation arrangements for the ISS and 

20 future space stations; 

21 (4) to the maximum extent practicable, a na22 tional microgravity laboratory in space should be 

23 maintained in cooperation with international space 

24 partners; and 


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1 (5) NASA should continue to support funda2 mental science research on future platforms in low3 Earth orbit and cislunar space, orbital and sub4 orbital flights, drop towers, and other microgravity 

5 testing environments. 

6 (b) REPORT.—The Administrator, in coordination 

7 with the National Space Council and other Federal agen8 cies as the Administrator considers appropriate, shall 

9 issue a report detailing the feasibility of establishing a 

10 microgravity national laboratory federally funded research 

11 and development center to carry out activities relating to 

12 the study and use of in-space conditions. 

13 TITLE II—SAFETY AND 

14 TRANSPARENCY 

15 SEC. 201. CREW TRANSPORTATION SAFETY. 

16 (a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con17 gress that— 

18 (1) ensuring the safety of American astronauts 

19 is the top priority of NASA’s human spaceflight pro20 gram; 

21 (2) in efforts to meet deadlines to return hu22 mans to the Moon, NASA should take all steps nec23 essary to mitigate any and all risk to crew; and 

24 (3) it is the role of Congress to exercise pru25 dence in the use of taxpayer dollars and ensure 


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1 transparency to the taxpayer to the greatest extent 

2 possible. 

3 (b) IN GENERAL.—To ensure that NASA’s human 

4 exploration systems comply with the direction in this Act 

5 to have a shared safety standard that is consistent across 

6 all elements of the architecture, the Administrator shall— 

7 (1) implement a program to ensure that best 

8 practices, lessons learned and other information is 

9 shared across all elements of the human exploration 

10 program, including public-private partnerships and 

11 commercial service procurement; 

12 (2) require that any entity receiving funding for 

13 the development or operation of a human spaceflight 

14 element or activity make all necessary information 

15 available to NASA and the appropriate government 

16 oversight entities, including the NASA Advisory 

17 Committee and its subcommittees, the Aerospace 

18 Safety Advisory Committee and the relevant commit19 tees of Congress; and 

20 (3) produce a public report twice a year detail21 ing progress towards meeting or sustaining the 

22 shared safety standards and identifying areas, pro23 grams, or services where these standards have not 

24 been met or maintained, and the associated correc25 tive action to address these issues. 


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1 (c) REPORT.—Within 120 days of enactment, the Ad2 ministrator shall provide a report to the Committees on 

3 the implementation of this direction and how it plans to 

4 ensure these comparable safety standards are met 

5 throughout the development, test and operation of such 

6 systems. 

7 (d) CONGRESSIONAL NOTICE.— 

8 (1) Should any element of human exploration 

9 system architecture, whether owned and operated by 

10 NASA, developed and operated as a public-private 

11 partnership or procured as a commercial service, 

12 fails to meet the common safety standards estab13 lished, Congress shall be notified and receive a re14 port on corrective actions and options available to 

15 improve safety and resiliency of such system(s) with16 in 30 days. 

17 TITLE III—U.S. NATIONAL 

18 SECURITY 

19 SEC. 301. CYBERSECURITY. 

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 20301 of title 51, United 

21 States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol22 lowing: 

23 ‘‘(c) CYBERSECURITY.—The Administrator shall up24 date and improve the cybersecurity of NASA space assets 

25 and supporting infrastructure.’’. 


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1 (b) SECURITY OPERATIONS CENTER.— 

2 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall 

3 maintain a Security Operations Center, to identify 

4 and respond to cybersecurity threats to NASA infor5 mation technology systems, including institutional 

6 systems and mission systems. 

7 (2) INSPECTOR GENERAL RECOMMENDA8 TIONS.—The Administrator shall implement, to the 

9 maximum extent practicable, each of the rec10 ommendations contained in the report of the Inspec11 tor General of NASA entitled ‘‘Audit of NASA’s Se12 curity Operations Center’’, issued on May 23, 2018. 

13 (c) CYBER THREAT HUNT.— 

14 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in co15 ordination with the Secretary of Homeland Security 

16 and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, 

17 may implement a cyber threat hunt capability to 

18 proactively search NASA information systems for 

19 advanced cyber threats that otherwise evade existing 

20 security tools. 

21 (2) THREAT-HUNTING PROCESS.—In carrying 

22 out paragraph (1), the Administrator shall develop 

23 and document a threat-hunting process, including 

24 the roles and responsibilities of individuals con25 ducting a cyber threat hunt. 


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1 (d) GAO PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS.—The Ad2 ministrator shall implement, to the maximum extent prac3 ticable, the recommendations for NASA contained in the 

4 report of the Comptroller General of the United States 

5 entitled ‘‘Information Security: Agencies Need to Improve 

6 Controls over Selected High-Impact Systems’’, issued May 

7 18, 2016, including— 

8 (1) re-evaluating security control assessments; 

9 and 

10 (2) specifying metrics for the continuous moni11 toring strategy of the Administration. 

12 SEC. 302. EXEMPTION FROM THE IRAN, NORTH KOREA, AND 

13 SYRIA NONPROLIFERATION ACT. 

14 Section 7(1) of the Iran, North Korea, and Syria 

15 Nonproliferation Act (Public Law 106–178; 50 U.S.C. 

16 1701 note) is amended, in the undesignated matter fol17 lowing subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘December 31, 

18 2020’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2030’’. 

19 SEC. 303. LIMITATION ON COOPERATION WITH THE PEO20 PLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 

21 (a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided by subsection 

22 (b), the Administrator, the Director of the Office of 

23 Science and Technology Policy, and the Chair of the Na24 tional Space Council, shall not— 


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1 (1) develop, design, plan, promulgate, imple2 ment, or execute a bilateral policy, program, order, 

3 or contract of any kind to participate, collaborate, or 

4 coordinate bilaterally in any manner with— 

5 (A) the Government of the People’s Repub6 lic of China; or 

7 (B) any company— 

8 (i) owned by the Government of the 

9 People’s Republic of China; or 

10 (ii) incorporated under the laws of the 

11 People’s Republic of China; and 

12 (2) host official visitors from the People’s Re13 public of China at a facility belonging to or used by 

14 NASA. 

15 (b) WAIVER.— 

16 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, the Di17 rector, or the Chair may waive the limitation under 

18 subsection (a) with respect to an activity described 

19 in that subsection only if the Administrator, the Di20 rector, or the Chair, as applicable, makes a deter21 mination that the activity— 

22 (A) does not pose a risk of a transfer of 

23 technology, data, or other information with na24 tional security or economic security implications 


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1 to an entity described in paragraph (1) of such 

2 subsection; and 

3 (B) does not involve knowing interactions 

4 with officials who have been determined by the 

5 United States to have direct involvement with 

6 violations of human rights. 

7 (2) CERTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—Not later 

8 than 30 days after the date on which a waiver is 

9 granted under paragraph (1), the Administrator, the 

10 Director, or the Chair, as applicable, shall submit to 

11 the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans12 portation and the Committee on Appropriations of 

13 the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, 

14 and Technology and the Committee on Appropria15 tions of the House of Representatives a written cer16 tification that the activity complies with the require17 ments in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of that para18 graph. 

19 SEC. 304. COUNTERING CHINESE THREATS TO U.S. ACTIVI20 TIES IN SPACE. 

21 (a) FINDINGS.— 

22 (1) The Government of the People’s Republic of 

23 China maintains, as a national priority, a global pro24 gram of theft and other misappropriation of intellec25 tual property, and unacceptable technology transfer 


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1 requirements, particularly in fields of high tech2 nology. 

3 (2) China is taking steps to establish a com4 manding position in the commercial launch and sat5 ellite sectors relying in part on aggressive state6 backed financing that market-driven companies can7 not match. 

8 (3) China has engaged in an aggressive cam9 paign to dominate sensitive markets such as germa10 nium wafer production, used for nearly all special11 ized satellite solar panels, allowing China ownership 

12 of over 70 percent of global germanium mining, re13 fining, and production. 

14 (4) China has begun focusing on the lunar sur15 face and cislunar space as priorities in its space pro16 gram, which is indistinguishable from its armed 

17 forces. 

18 (b) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date 

19 of enactment, the Executive Secretary of the National 

20 Space Council shall submit to the appropriate committees 

21 of Congress a report that includes: 

22 (1) How China is harming the U.S. commercial 

23 space industry’s competitiveness and threatening 

24 U.S. national security. Specifically, the Executive 

25 Secretary shall investigate— 


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1 (A) theft of intellectual property through 

2 technology transfer requirements or otherwise; 

3 (B) Chinese efforts to seize control over 

4 critical elements of the space industry supply 

5 chain; 

6 (C) Chinese efforts to seize control over 

7 space industry companies, sister companies with 

8 shared leadership, or supply chain; and 

9 (D) U.S. cybersecurity weaknesses. 

10 (2) Current steps the United States is taking to 

11 protect its domestic space industry from Chinese in12 fluence. 

13 (3) Recommendations to Congress on legislative 

14 action necessary to address Chinese threats to the 

15 U.S. domestic commercial launch and satellite indus16 tries and improve U.S. efforts to counter threats to 

17 U.S. activities in space. 

18 (4) Recommendations on how the U.S. Govern19 ment can best utilize existing Federal entities to in20 vestigate and act against potentially harmful Chi21 nese investment into the U.S. commercial space in22 dustry, and how the U.S. Government can bolster 

23 domestic investment in critical U.S. space industry 

24 technologies. 


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1 SEC. 305. CONSIDERATION OF ISSUES RELATED TO CON2 TRACTING WITH ENTITIES RECEIVING AS3 SISTANCE FROM OR AFFILIATED WITH THE 

4 PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 

5 In considering any response to a request for a pro6 posal, request for information, broad area announcement, 

7 or any other form of request or solicitation, and in consid8 ering or undertaking any negotiation or conclusion of any 

9 contract, agreement, or other transaction with any com10 mercial or non-commercial entity, the Administrator shall, 

11 in consultation with appropriate Federal departments and 

12 agencies, take into account the implications of any benefit 

13 received by such commercial or non-commercial entity (or 

14 any other commercial or non-commercial entity related 

15 through ownership, control, or other affiliation to such en16 tity) as a result of a significant loan or other financial 

17 assistance provided by— 

18 (1) any governmental organization of the Peo19 ple’s Republic of China; or 

20 (2) any other entity that is— 

21 (A) majority owned or controlled by, or 

22 otherwise affiliated with, any governmental or23 ganization of the People’s Republic of China; or 

24 (B) organized under, or otherwise subject 

25 to, the laws of the People’s Republic of China. 

Æ 


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