116TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 5309 

AN ACT 

To prohibit discrimination based on an individual’s texture 

or style of hair. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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1 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

2 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Creating a Respectful 

3 and Open World for Natural Hair Act of 2020’’ or the 

4 ‘‘CROWN Act of 2020’’. 

5 SEC. 2. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS; PURPOSE. 

6 (a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 

7 (1) Throughout United States history, society 

8 has used (in conjunction with skin color) hair tex9 ture and hairstyle to classify individuals on the basis 

10 of race. 

11 (2) Like one’s skin color, one’s hair has served 

12 as a basis of race and national origin discrimination. 

13 (3) Racial and national origin discrimination 

14 can and do occur because of longstanding racial and 

15 national origin biases and stereotypes associated 

16 with hair texture and style. 

17 (4) For example, routinely, people of African 

18 descent are deprived of educational and employment 

19 opportunities because they are adorned with natural 

20 or protective hairstyles in which hair is tightly coiled 

21 or tightly curled, or worn in locs, cornrows, twists, 

22 braids, Bantu knots, or Afros. 

23 (5) Racial and national origin discrimination is 

24 reflected in school and workplace policies and prac25 tices that bar natural or protective hairstyles com26 monly worn by people of African descent. 
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1 (6) For example, as recently as 2018, the 

2 United States Armed Forces had grooming policies 

3 that barred natural or protective hairstyles that 

4 servicewomen of African descent commonly wear and 

5 that described these hairstyles as ‘‘unkempt’’. 

6 (7) In 2018, the United States Armed Forces 

7 rescinded these policies and recognized that this de8 scription perpetuated derogatory racial stereotypes. 

9 (8) The United States Armed Forces also rec10 ognized that prohibitions against natural or protec11 tive hairstyles that African-American servicewomen 

12 are commonly adorned with are racially discrimina13 tory and bear no relationship to African-American 

14 servicewomen’s occupational qualifications and their 

15 ability to serve and protect the Nation. 

16 (9) As a type of racial or national origin dis17 crimination, discrimination on the basis of natural 

18 or protective hairstyles that people of African de19 scent are commonly adorned with violates existing 

20 Federal law, including provisions of the Civil Rights 

21 Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.), section 1977 

22 of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1981), and the 

23 Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.). How24 ever, some Federal courts have misinterpreted Fed25 eral civil rights law by narrowly interpreting the 
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1 meaning of race or national origin, and thereby per2 mitting, for example, employers to discriminate 

3 against people of African descent who wear natural 

4 or protective hairstyles even though the employment 

5 policies involved are not related to workers’ ability to 

6 perform their jobs. 

7 (10) Applying this narrow interpretation of race 

8 or national origin has resulted in a lack of Federal 

9 civil rights protection for individuals who are dis10 criminated against on the basis of characteristics 

11 that are commonly associated with race and national 

12 origin. 

13 (11) In 2019 and 2020, State legislatures and 

14 municipal bodies throughout the United States have 

15 introduced and passed legislation that rejects certain 

16 Federal courts’ restrictive interpretation of race and 

17 national origin, and expressly classifies race and na18 tional origin discrimination as inclusive of discrimi19 nation on the basis of natural or protective hair20 styles commonly associated with race and national 

21 origin. 

22 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con23 gress that— 

24 (1) the Federal Government should acknowl25 edge that individuals who have hair texture or wear 
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1 a hairstyle that is historically and contemporarily as2 sociated with African Americans or persons of Afri3 can descent systematically suffer harmful discrimi4 nation in schools, workplaces, and other contexts 

5 based upon longstanding race and national origin 

6 stereotypes and biases; 

7 (2) a clear and comprehensive law should ad8 dress the systematic deprivation of educational, em9 ployment, and other opportunities on the basis of 

10 hair texture and hairstyle that are commonly associ11 ated with race or national origin; 

12 (3) clear, consistent, and enforceable legal 

13 standards must be provided to redress the wide14 spread incidences of race and national origin dis15 crimination based upon hair texture and hairstyle in 

16 schools, workplaces, housing, federally funded insti17 tutions, and other contexts; 

18 (4) it is necessary to prevent educational, em19 ployment, and other decisions, practices, and policies 

20 generated by or reflecting negative biases and 

21 stereotypes related to race or national origin; 

22 (5) the Federal Government must play a key 

23 role in enforcing Federal civil rights laws in a way 

24 that secures equal educational, employment, and 
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1 other opportunities for all individuals regardless of 

2 their race or national origin; 

3 (6) the Federal Government must play a central 

4 role in enforcing the standards established under 

5 this Act on behalf of individuals who suffer race or 

6 national origin discrimination based upon hair tex7 ture and hairstyle; 

8 (7) it is necessary to prohibit and provide rem9 edies for the harms suffered as a result of race or 

10 national origin discrimination on the basis of hair 

11 texture and hairstyle; and 

12 (8) it is necessary to mandate that school, 

13 workplace, and other applicable standards be applied 

14 in a nondiscriminatory manner and to explicitly pro15 hibit the adoption or implementation of grooming re16 quirements that disproportionately impact people of 

17 African descent. 

18 (c) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this Act is to institute 

19 definitions of race and national origin for Federal civil 

20 rights laws that effectuate the comprehensive scope of pro21 tection Congress intended to be afforded by such laws and 

22 Congress’ objective to eliminate race and national origin 

23 discrimination in the United States. 
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1 SEC. 3. FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROGRAMS. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—No individual in the United 

3 States shall be excluded from participation in, be denied 

4 the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under, 

5 any program or activity receiving Federal financial assist6 ance, based on the individual’s hair texture or hairstyle, 

7 if that hair texture or that hairstyle is commonly associ8 ated with a particular race or national origin (including 

9 a hairstyle in which hair is tightly coiled or tightly curled, 

10 locs, cornrows, twists, braids, Bantu knots, and Afros). 

11 (b) ENFORCEMENT.—Subsection (a) shall be en12 forced in the same manner and by the same means, includ13 ing with the same jurisdiction, as if such subsection was 

14 incorporated in title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 

15 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.), and as if a violation of sub16 section (a) was treated as if it was a violation of section 

17 601 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 2000d). 

18 (c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 

19 (1) the term ‘‘program or activity’’ has the 

20 meaning given the term in section 606 of the Civil 

21 Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d–4a); and 

22 (2) the terms ‘‘race’’ and ‘‘national origin’’ 

23 mean, respectively, ‘‘race’’ within the meaning of the 

24 term in section 601 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 2000d) 

25 and ‘‘national origin’’ within the meaning of the 

26 term in that section 601. 
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1 SEC. 4. HOUSING PROGRAMS. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—No person in the United States 

3 shall be subjected to a discriminatory housing practice 

4 based on the person’s hair texture or hairstyle, if that hair 

5 texture or that hairstyle is commonly associated with a 

6 particular race or national origin (including a hairstyle in 

7 which hair is tightly coiled or tightly curled, locs, corn8 rows, twists, braids, Bantu knots, and Afros). 

9 (b) ENFORCEMENT.—Subsection (a) shall be en10 forced in the same manner and by the same means, includ11 ing with the same jurisdiction, as if such subsection was 

12 incorporated in the Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 3601 

13 et seq.), and as if a violation of subsection (a) was treated 

14 as if it was a discriminatory housing practice. 

15 (c) DEFINITION.—In this section— 

16 (1) the terms ‘‘discriminatory housing practice’’ 

17 and ‘‘person’’ have the meanings given the terms in 

18 section 802 of the Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 

19 3602); and 

20 (2) the terms ‘‘race’’ and ‘‘national origin’’ 

21 mean, respectively, ‘‘race’’ within the meaning of the 

22 term in section 804 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 3604) 

23 and ‘‘national origin’’ within the meaning of the 

24 term in that section 804. 
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1 SEC. 5. PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—No person in the United States 

3 shall be subjected to a practice prohibited under section 

4 201, 202, or 203 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 

5 U.S.C. 2000a et seq.), based on the person’s hair texture 

6 or hairstyle, if that hair texture or that hairstyle is com7 monly associated with a particular race or national origin 

8 (including a hairstyle in which hair is tightly coiled or 

9 tightly curled, locs, cornrows, twists, braids, Bantu knots, 

10 and Afros). 

11 (b) ENFORCEMENT.—Subsection (a) shall be en12 forced in the same manner and by the same means, includ13 ing with the same jurisdiction, as if such subsection was 

14 incorporated in title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 

15 and as if a violation of subsection (a) was treated as if 

16 it was a violation of section 201, 202, or 203, as appro17 priate, of such Act. 

18 (c) DEFINITION.—In this section, the terms ‘‘race’’ 

19 and ‘‘national origin’’ mean, respectively, ‘‘race’’ within 

20 the meaning of the term in section 201 of that Act (42 

21 U.S.C. 2000e) and ‘‘national origin’’ within the meaning 

22 of the term in that section 201. 

23 SEC. 6. EMPLOYMENT. 

24 (a) PROHIBITION.—It shall be an unlawful employ25 ment practice for an employer, employment agency, labor 

26 organization, or joint labor-management committee con-
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1 trolling apprenticeship or other training or retraining (in2 cluding on-the-job training programs) to fail or refuse to 

3 hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to dis4 criminate against an individual, based on the individual’s 

5 hair texture or hairstyle, if that hair texture or that hair6 style is commonly associated with a particular race or na7 tional origin (including a hairstyle in which hair is tightly 

8 coiled or tightly curled, locs, cornrows, twists, braids, 

9 Bantu knots, and Afros). 

10 (b) ENFORCEMENT.—Subsection (a) shall be en11 forced in the same manner and by the same means, includ12 ing with the same jurisdiction, as if such subsection was 

13 incorporated in title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 

14 (42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.), and as if a violation of sub15 section (a) was treated as if it was a violation of section 

16 703 or 704, as appropriate, of such Act (42 U.S.C. 

17 2000e–2, 2000e–3). 

18 (c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section the terms ‘‘per19 son’’, ‘‘race’’, and ‘‘national origin’’ have the meanings 

20 given the terms in section 701 of the Civil Rights Act of 

21 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e). 

22 SEC. 7. EQUAL RIGHTS UNDER THE LAW. 

23 (a) IN GENERAL.—No person in the United States 

24 shall be subjected to a practice prohibited under section 

25 1977 of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1981), based on 
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1 the person’s hair texture or hairstyle, if that hair texture 

2 or that hairstyle is commonly associated with a particular 

3 race or national origin (including a hairstyle in which hair 

4 is tightly coiled or tightly curled, locs, cornrows, twists, 

5 braids, Bantu knots, and Afros). 

6 (b) ENFORCEMENT.—Subsection (a) shall be en7 forced in the same manner and by the same means, includ8 ing with the same jurisdiction, as if such subsection was 

9 incorporated in section 1977 of the Revised Statutes, and 

10 as if a violation of subsection (a) was treated as if it was 

11 a violation of that section 1977. 

12 SEC. 8. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 

13 Nothing in this Act shall be construed to limit defini14 tions of race or national origin under the Civil Rights Act 

15 of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000a et seq.), the Fair Housing Act 

16 (42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.), or section 1977 of the Revised 

17 Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1981). 

18 SEC. 9. DETERMINATION OF BUDGETARY EFFECTS. 

19 The budgetary effects of this Act, for the purpose of 

20 complying with the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010, 

21 shall be determined by reference to the latest statement 

22 titled ‘‘Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation’’ for this 

23 Act, submitted for printing in the Congressional Record 

24 by the Chairman of the House Budget Committee, pro-
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1 vided that such statement has been submitted prior to the 

2 vote on passage. 

Passed the House of Representatives September 21, 

2020. 

Attest: 

Clerk. 

116TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 5309 

AN ACT 

To prohibit discrimination based on an individual’s 

texture or style of hair.