Analysis of the Sulfur Dioxide 

Measurements from the 

Columbia Lake NJ Monitor

Draft

February 28, 2011

Bureau of Technical Services

Division of Air Quality

New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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Executive Summary

NJDEP evaluated data from a sulfur dioxide (SO2) air quality monitor located 1.2 miles 

northeast of the coal-fired Portland power plant in Knowlton Township, Warren County, 

New Jersey at the Columbia Lake Wildlife Management Area. Between September 23, 

2010 and February 17, 2011, the monitor measured 1-hour SO2 concentrations that 

exceeded the 1-hour SO2 NAAQS threshold on nine days. A trajectory analysis was used 

to determine the cause of the high monitored concentrations that exceeded the 1-hour SO2 

NAAQS during four episodes when concurrent hourly emissions data was available. The 

analysis found that Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2 were the likely cause of each high 

sulfur dioxide episode at the monitor. The other large source in the area, Martins Creek 

Power Plant, was either not operating or emitting sulfur dioxide at very low levels during 

the exceedance hours. In addition, the highest 10 1-hour sulfur dioxide concentrations 

monitored between September 23, 2010 and February 17, 2011 were compared to an 

estimate of what AERMOD would predict at that location. AERMOD predictions were 

generally lower than the measured 1-hour concentrations at the monitor.

Purpose of This Analysis

This report examines the elevated 1-hour concentrations being measured at the nearby 

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s (NJDEP) SO2 monitor located at 

the Columbia Lake Wildlife Management Area (WMA), New Jersey. Between 

September 23, 2010 and February 17, 2011, there were nine days where measured 1-hour 

SO2 concentrations at the Columbia Lake WMA ambient air monitor exceeded the 1-hour 

National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 75 ppb. 

A trajectory analysis was done to determine the cause of the elevated 1-hour SO2 

concentrations at this monitor. These air trajectories were calculated during the hours 

when measured SO2 concentrations at the monitor were above 75 ppb and the concurrent 

SO2 hourly emission rates data was available. Because this necessary hourly emissions 

data from the Portland and Martins Creek Power Plants is currently only available 

through December 31, 2010, only four of the nine exceedance days could be evaluated in 

this report. 

Predictions of the impacts from actual and allowable SO2 emissions from the Portland 

Power Plant to 1-hour SO2 concentrations in the vicinity of the Columbia Lake WMA 

monitor are documented in the NJDEP Bureau of Technical Services reports: AERMOD 

Modeling Analysis of the 1-Hour Sulfur Dioxide Impacts Due to Emissions from the 

Portland Generating Station (July 30, 2010. This document is an exhibit in NJDEP’s 

supplemental 126 Petition dated September 17, 2010. Using the modeling techniques and 

assumptions described in this report, AERMOD was run in several different emission 

scenarios and its predictions of the 10 highest 1-hour concentrations at the monitoring 

location were compared to the 10 highest measured values. 
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One-Hour Sulfur Dioxide National Ambient Air Quality Standards

EPA finalized a new 1-hour standard at 196 ug/m3(75 ppb) on June 3, 2010. 75 Fed. 

Reg. 35,581. The new standard was established in the form of the 99th percentile of the 

annual distribution of the daily maximum 1-hour average concentrations. 75 Fed. Reg. 

35,550. When a full year with 365 days of data is available, the 99th percentile will be 

represented by the fourth-highest daily maximum 1-hour concentration.

Columbia Lake WMA Ambient Air Monitor

The Columbia Lake WMA ambient air monitor is located in Knowlton Township, 

Warren County NJ. It is approximately 1.9 km (1.2 miles) to the northeast of the Unit 1 

and 2 stacks at Portland Power Plant. Figure 1 shows the locations of the monitor and 

power plant relative to each other. The monitor is 490 ft above mean sea-level (amsl), 

approximately 200 ft higher than Unit 1 and Unit 2’s stack base elevation of 294 ft amsl. 

NJDEP modeled the impacts of Portland’s emissions in the area where the monitor is 

located. The findings are exhibits to NJDEP’s November 17, 2010 126 petition and 

documented in the following report: AERMOD Modeling Analysis of the 1-Hour Sulfur 

Dioxide Impacts Due to Emissions from the Portland Generating Station (July 30, 2010) 

This modeling analysis predicts relatively high SO2 impacts in the area where the monitor 

is located. 

The hourly SO2 data collected from September 23, 2010 to February 17, 2011 is shown 

graphically in Figure 2. A listing of the same data in table format is given in Appendix A. 

The monitoring data from the Columbia Lake WMA indicates there is a relatively low 

background level of SO2 in the area. Superimposed on this low background are the 

occurrences of frequent, very high, short-term SO2 concentrations. This pattern strongly

suggests the existence of a nearby, high emitting point source of SO2 emissions. The 

variations in meteorology and, to a lesser extent, source emissions, result in the

monitoring pattern seen in Figure 2. There is a low baseline overlaid with frequent spikes 

as opposed to one of a continual measurement of high SO2 concentrations with little

variation. 

The monitoring data indicates that since the monitor began operation on September 23, 

2010, there are nine days when there is at least one hour with a measured SO2

concentration that exceeds the 1-hour SO2 NAAQS. As listed in Appendix A, these days 

were September 24, 2010, September 29, 2010, October 30, 2010, December 30, 2010, 

January 22, 2011, January 24, 2011, February 13, 2011, February 14, 2011, and February

16, 2011. The emissions information needed to conduct the trajectory analysis was 

available for the episodes on four of these days: September 24, September 29, October 

30, 2010 and December 30, 2010.
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Figure 1. Location of Columbia WMA Air Monitoring Station in Relation to the Portland

Power Plants (Warren County NJ, Northampton County PA)

Figure 2. Hourly Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations from the Columbia Lake WMA Monitor 
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Sources of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions in the Vicinity of the Portland 

Power Plant and the Columbia Lake WMA Monitor

There are two large sources of SO2 emissions located within 15 miles of the Columbia 

Lake WMA monitor, Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2 located 1.9 km (1.18 miles) to 

the southwest, and the Martins Creek Power Plant Units 3 and 4, located 14 km (8.7 

miles) to the south-southwest. Figure 3 shows the monitor’s location relative to the two 

large power plants. In 2009, the total SO2 emissions from Portland Power Plant were 

30,465 tons. All but 0.4 tons of these emissions were from Units 1 and 2. Unit 5 at 

Portland Power Plant, a 150 MW simple-cycle turbine, operates infrequently and 

normally fires natural gas. Between 2007 to 2010, on average Unit 1 operated 6,595 

hours per year and Unit 2 operated 7,022 hours per year.

The total 2009 SO2 emissions from Martins Creek Power Plant were 1,095 tons. These 

emissions are from the large oil-fired Units 3 and 4 at the facility. Units 3 and 4 operate 

much more infrequently than Units 1 and 2 at Portland Power Plant. The average annual 

operating hours at Martins Creek between 2007 and 2010 was 1,039 hours for Unit 3 and 

584 hours for Unit 4. 

The hourly emissions of SO2 from Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2 and the Martins 

Creek Power Plant Units 3 and 4 were taken from the EPA Clean Air Markets web site 

(http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/emissions/).
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Figure 3. Location of Columbia WMA Air Monitoring Station in Relation to Portland and 

Martins Creek Power Plants (Warren County NJ, Northampton County PA)

The other SO2 sources in the region are either much smaller and/or more distant from the 

Columbia Lake WMA monitor than the Portland Power Plant and the Martins Creek 

Power Plant. In New Jersey, the facilities in Warren, Sussex, Morris and Hunterdon 

Counties in New Jersey that emitted more than 1 ton/yr of SO2 in 2009 are listed in Table 

1. The emissions from the sources listed in the table are far below the roughly 31,000 

tons/year of SO2 Portland Power Plant has emitted in recent years. The largest, Warren 

County District Landfill located approximately 11.8 km from the Columbia Lake WMA 

monitor, emits 25.9 tons/yr, 0.08 percent of the Portland Power Plant’s total 2009 

emissions. 
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Table 1. 2009 Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Facilities in Warren, Sussex, and 

Hunterdon Counties in New Jersey

FACILITY NAME COUNTY MUNICIPALITY SO2 (TPY)

Warren County District Landfill Warren Oxford 25.9

Covanta Warren Energy Resource Co. L.P. Warren Oxford 10.6

Atlantic States Cast Iron Pipe Warren Phillipsburg 4.7

Mars Chocolate NA LLC Warren Hackettstown 4.3

Warren County Landfill Energy, LLC Warren Oxford 3.6

Mallinckrodt Baker Inc. Warren Phillipsburg 1.2

Sussex County Municipal Utilities Auth. Sussex Lafayette 2.1

Hamms Landfill Energy Recovery Project Sussex Lafayette 1.1

In Pennsylvania, besides the Portland and Martins Creek Power Plants, the other sources 

in the area that emitted more than 20 tons/yr of SO2 in 2009 are listed in Table 4. 2009 is 

the latest actual emissions data available in the PADEP eFACTS data base. As can be 

seen in Table 2, these sources are more distant and emit much less than the Portland 

Power Plant. The Green Knight/Plainfield Landfill Gas, which emits only 0.15 percent of 

Portland’s annual emissions, is located 12 miles west of the Portland Power Plant. The 

other four sources in the table are all located to the southwest of the Columbia Lake 

monitor along a 14 mile east-west line located approximately 4 miles north, and centered 

on, Bethlehem PA

Table 2. 2009 Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Facilities in Northampton County PA

Facility Name Municipality

Distance from

Columbia Lake 

WMA Monitor

SO2

(TPY)

Hercules Cement Co. Stockertown 19 mi 1,862

Keystone Portland Cement East Allen Township 25 mi 685

ESSROC Nazareth 22 mi 799

Northampton Generating Station Northampton 28 mi 490

Green Knight/

Plainfield Landfill Gas

Plainfield Township 13 mi 46

Air Trajectory Analysis and HYSPLIT Model

The trajectory analysis was conducted with the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory’s 

(ARL) HYSPLIT Trajectory Model. Access to the interactive trajectory model is 

available at: http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/. Below is a description of the HYSPLIT model 

from the web site:
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The Air Resources Laboratory’s HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated 

Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model is a complete system for computing both simple air 

parcel trajectories and complex dispersion and deposition simulations. The model 

calculation method is a hybrid between the Lagrangian approach, which uses a 

moving frame of reference as the air parcels move from their initial location, and 

the Eulerian approach, which uses a fixed three-dimensional grid as a frame of 

reference. In the model, advection and diffusion calculations are made in a 

Lagrangian framework following the transport of the air parcel, while pollutant 

concentrations are calculated on a fixed grid. Through a joint effort between 

NOAA and Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology, the model uses advection 

algorithms, updated stability and dispersion equations, a graphical user interface, 

and the option to include modules for chemical transformations. HYSPLIT can be 

run interactively on ARL’s READY (Real-time Environmental Applications and 

Display sYstem) web site, or it can be installed on a PC and run using a graphical 

user interface.

The model is designed to support a wide range of simulations related to the 

atmospheric transport and dispersion of pollutants and hazardous materials, as 

well as the deposition of these materials (such as mercury) to the Earth’s surface. 

Some of the applications include tracking and forecasting the release of 

radioactive material, volcanic ash, wildfire smoke, and pollutants from various 

stationary and mobile emission sources. Operationally, the model is used by 

NOAA’s National Weather Service through the National Centers for 

Environmental Prediction and at local weather forecast offices.

Several forecast meteorological data sets are available at the web site to use with the 

HYSPLIT Trajectory Model. Because of its denser grid spacing, the NAM (Eta) 12 km 

grid forecast meteorological data was selected for use in this analysis. The following start 

location coordinates were input into HYSPLIT to estimate the forward and backward air 

trajectories:

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor; latitude = 40.924607 N, 

longtitude = 75.067825 W

Portland Power Plant; latitude = 40.909797 N

longitude = 75.07875 W

All times referenced in the trajectory analysis below are based on local time Eastern 

Daylight Time (EDT) or Eastern Standard Time (EST), not Greenwich Mean Time 

(GMT) or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). EDT is - 4 hours different than GMT or 

UTC. EST is - 5 hours different than GMT or UTC. 

Trajectories were calculated at three heights above ground level. One trajectory

represents a parcel of air located 221 meters above ground. This is the approximation of 

the height of the plume emitted from the Portland Power Plant stacks (121 meter stack 

height and a 100 meter plume rise). A second trajectory was tracked for a parcel of air 10 
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meters above ground (the lowest height allowed by the HYSPLIT Trajectory Model). 

This level is used to represent the height of the Columbia Lake WMA monitor. A third 

trajectory of 100 meters was also used in order to better track the SO2 transport at a 

height between the plume height and the monitor’s height. 

The trajectories at the three different levels were calculated for a one hour period. The 

large dots on some of the trajectories indicate the distance traveled in a 5 minute 

increment of time during that hour. The closer the circles are to each other, the lower the 

wind speed.

The SO2 emitted from the Portland Power Plant stacks will initially start near the 221 

meter level above ground (i.e., plume height). However, as the plume is advected 

downwind towards the Columbia Lake WMA monitor, it will quickly move to the 100 

meter level as the terrain rises and the plume disperses vertically downward. As the 

plume approaches the monitor it will reach the 10 m level (i.e., ground-level). Therefore, 

the path of SO2 emitted from the Portland Power Plant stack plumes traveling and 

dispersing horizontally and vertically towards the Columbia Lake WMA monitor is best 

represented by a combination of the 10 meter and 100 meter trajectories. 

The NAM (Eta) 12 km forecast meteorological data was selected for use in this analysis 

because of the data options in HYSPLIT, it provides the finest grid resolution. However, 

a 12 km grid resolution will sometimes have difficulty giving an exact representation of 

the wind directions at the scale of this report (1.9 km between Portland Power Plant and 

the Columbia Lake monitor). In addition, the plume will spread laterally as it is 

transported downwind due to dispersion. Lack of an exact match of the air trajectory

from Portland to the monitor does not imply the source is not impacting the monitor. 

Evaluation of the Episodes

Episode I (September 24, 2010)

The first episode occurred on September 24, 2010 during the middle of the day. The 1-

hour SO2 concentrations measured during this episode exceeded the new 1-hour SO2

NAAQS for four hours. The measured values before, during, and after the exceedances 

are listed in Table 3. The SO2 values measured during this episode are shown graphically 

in Figure 4.

The hourly SO2 emissions from the Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2 and the Martins 

Creek Power Plant Units 3 and 4 starting at Hour 10 (10 am) on September 24, 2010 and 

continuing through 2 pm are also listed in Table 3. As can be seen, the hourly emissions 

from Portland Units 1 and 2 were significant during this time period. The values range 

from 50 to 60 percent of each unit’s maximum allowable emission rate (Unit 1 allowable 

emission rate = 5,820 lbs/hr, Unit 2 allowable emission rate = 8,900 lbs/hr). During the 

period of monitored exceedances of the 1-hour SO2 NAAQS, the emissions from Martins 

Creek Units 3 and 4 were negligible. 
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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Table 3. Hourly Measured Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations at the NJDEP Columbia 

Lake WMA Monitor - Hours 10 thru 15 September 24, 2010 a

Hour

(EDT)

SO2

(ppb)

SO2

(μg/m3)

Portland 

Unit 1

(lbs/hr)

Portland 

Unit 2

(lbs/hr)

Martins Creek 

Units 3 & 4

(lbs/hr)

10 35 91 2,985 4,771 40

11 98 256 3,140 5,447 44

12 109 285 3,133 5,995 44

13 136 355 3,005 4,933 77

14 89 233 3,034 4,858 243

15 69 179 3,231 5,103 1,809

a. Exceedance of 1-Hour SO2 NAAQS of 75 ppb (196 ug/m3) in bold.

7

35

109

89

69

18

98

6

136

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

8:00

AM

9:00

AM

10:00

AM

11:00

AM

12:00

PM

1:00

PM

2:00

PM

3:00

PM

4:00

PM

5:00

PM

September 24, 2010 Episode

Sulfur Dioxide Conc. (ppb)

Figure 4. Hourly Sulfur Dioxide Measurements at the Columbia Lake Monitor from 8:00 

to 17:00 September 24, 2010.

Figures 5 through 8 show the forward, downwind trajectories of three parcels of air at 

different heights starting at the Portland Power Plant stacks. The four hours shown are 

those when the Columbia WMA monitor recorded 1-hour SO2 above the 75 ppb 

threshold. The circles on the three trajectories indicate the distance transported downwind 

every 5 minutes. 
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Figure 5 shows the first hour of this episode (11 am) when the 1-hour SO2 NAAQS 

threshold of 75 ppb was exceeded. While there is some directional wind shear, there is a 

relatively consistent moderate wind speed at all three levels. The plume starts on a 

trajectory that would carry the plume to the east of the monitor, but is brought back 

towards the west at the lower levels. This pattern continues during the next three hours, 

as shown by the trajectories in Figures 6 through 8. 
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Figure 5. September 24, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the Portland Power 

Plant (starting time of 11am EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 98ppb
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Figure 6. September 24, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the Portland Power 

Plant (starting time of 12pm EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 109 ppb
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Figure 7. September 24, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the Portland Power 

Plant (starting time of 1pm EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 136 ppb
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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Figure 8. September 24, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the Portland Power 

Plant (starting time of 2pm EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 89 ppb
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Episode II (September 29, 2010)

A 1-hour high SO2 episode that occurred on September 29, 2010 was evaluated. The SO2 

concentrations monitored from hours 10 thru14 EDT (10:00 am to 2:59 pm EST) on 

September 29, 2010 are listed in Table 4. During hour 11 the measured 1-hour SO2

concentration in this episode exceeds the 1 hour SO2 NAAQS. The SO2 values measured 

before, during, and after this one hour exceedance are shown graphically in Figure 9.

The hourly SO2 emissions from the Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2 and Martins 

Creek Power Plant Units 3 and 4 during Episode II are also listed in Table 2. Portland 

Unit’s 1 and 2 emitted between 50-60 percent of their allowable SO2 during this episode. 

Martins Creek Units 3 and 4 were not in operation.

Table 4. Hourly Measured Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations at the NJDEP Columbia 

Lake WMA Monitor - Hours 10 thru 14 September 29, 2010

Hour

(EST)

SO2

(ppb)

SO2

(μg/m3)

Portland 

Unit 1

(lbs/hr)

Portland Unit 

2 (lbs/hr)

Martins Creek 

Units 3 & 4

(lbs/hr)

10 14 37 3,117 4,926 0

11 92 240 3,197 4,951 0

12 46 120 2,700 4,327 0

13 22 58 3,154 4,854 0

14 5 13 3,218 4,993 0

a. Exceedance of 1-Hour SO2 NAAQS of 75 ppb (196 ug/m3) in bold.

0.022

0.014

0.092

0.046

0.005 0.000

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00

September 29, 2010 Episode

Sulfur Dioxide Conc. (ppm)
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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Figure 9. Hourly Sulfur Dioxide Measurements at the Colombia Lake Monitor from 9:00 

to 14:00 September 29, 2010.

Figure 10 shows the three forward trajectories of the air at different heights for the one 

hour during this episode that the monitor’s measurement exceeded the 1-hour 75 ppb 

threshold. Little directional or speed wind shear is shown. The wind speed at all three 

levels is relatively low, approximately 3 mph. The plume trajectory carries directly to the 

monitor. 

Figure 10. September 29, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the Portland 

Power Plant (starting time of 11 am EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 92 ppb
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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Episode III (October 30, 2010)

The extended period of high SO2 concentrations that occurred on October 30, 2010 was 

evaluated. The SO2 concentrations monitored from hours 7 - 23 EDT (7:00 am to 11:59 

pm EDT) on October 30, 2010 are listed in Table 5. During three of the hours of this 

episode the measured 1-hour SO2 concentration exceeded the 1 hour SO2 NAAQS. The 

concentration on hour 20 (183 ppb or 479 ug/m3) is the highest 1-hour concentration 

measured between September 23 and February 17, 2011. In addition, the 1-hour SO2

concentration measured on hours 13 and 21 also exceed the 1-hour NAAQS. The SO2 

values measured during this episode are shown graphically in Figure 11.

Portland Unit’s 1 and 2 emitted between approximately 25- 45 percent of its allowable 

SO2 during the exceedances of the NAAQS that occurred during this episode, while Unit 

2 emitted between approximately 35- 45 percent of its allowable SO2 emission rate. 

These emissions Units 1 and 2 are lower than Episodes I and II. As in the previous 

episodes, Martins Creek Units 3 and 4 were not in operation.

Table 5. Hourly Measured Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations at the NJDEP Columbia 

Lake WMA Monitor - Hours 7 thru 23 October 30, 2010

Hour

(EST)

SO2

(ppb)

SO2

(μg/m3)

Portland 

Unit 1

(lbs/hr)

Portland 

Unit 2

(lbs/hr)

Martins Creek 

Units 3 & 4

(lbs/hr)

7 3 8 1,830 3,728 0

8 22 58 2,477 3,788 0

9 72 189 2,594 3,830 0

10 31 81 2,618 4,011 0

11 3 8 2,579 3,752 0

12 61 160 1,688 3,428 0

13 83 217 1,553 3,359 0

14 7 18 1,542 2,024 0

15 8 21 1,527 1,960 0

16 5 13 1,514 2,087 0

17 6 16 1,946 3,824 0

18 3 8 2,818 4,276 0

19 68 178 2,527 3,805 0

20 183 479 2,552 3,848 0

21 149 390 2,202 3,449 0

22 39 102 1,599 2,812 0

23 3 8 1,667 2,085 0

a. Exceedance of 1-Hour SO2 NAAQS of 75 ppb (196 ug/m3) in bold.
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33 31

61

83

68

183

149

39

3 3

8 5 6

7

3 3

72

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

7:00 AM

9:00

11:00 AM

1:00 PM

15:0017:0019:0021:0023:00

October 30, 2010 Episode

Sulfur Dioxide Conc. (ppb)

Figure 11. Hourly Sulfur Dioxide Measurements at the Colombia Lake Monitor from 

7:00 to 23:00 October 30, 2010.

The trajectory for the first hour of exceedance (hour 13) is shown in Figure 12. Though 

not shown to be directly impacting the monitor, the winds are in a general direction that 

transports the plume towards the monitor. The winds are relatively strong with no vertical 

wind shear. Unfortunately, there is no NAM wind trajectory data available from the 

HYSPLIT web site for the other two hours episode when the 1-hour NAAQS is exceeded 

(hours 20 and 21). Data is available from the previous hour, hour 19 (7 pm). The 

trajectories for this hour are shown in Figure 13. The trajectories at all three levels are 

toward the monitor.
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Figure 12. October 30, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the Portland Power 

Plant (starting time of 1 pm EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 83 ppb
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Figure 13. October 30, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the Portland Power 

Plant (starting time of 7 pm EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 68 ppb, next hour (8 pm) = 183 ppm
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Episode IV (December 30, 2010)

The final episode evaluated occurred on December 30, 2010 during the middle of the day. 

The 1-hour SO2 concentrations measured during this episode exceeded the new 1-hour 

SO2 NAAQS during one hour, hour 12 (EST). The measured values before, during, and 

after the exceedances are listed in Table 6. 

The hourly SO2 emissions from the Portland Power Plant Units 1 and 2 and Martins 

Creek Power Plant Units 3 and 4 during Episode IV are also listed in Table 6. Unit 1’s 

SO2 emissions were at approximately 55 percent of its allowable rate when high SO2

values were measured at the monitor. The emissions from Unit 2 were dropping from 45 

percent of its allowable in the previous hour to 0 percent in the subsequent hour after 

exceedance. The Martins Creek units were not in operation. The SO2 values measured 

before, during, and after this episode are shown graphically in Figure 14.

Table 6. Hourly Measured Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations at the NJDEP Columbia 

Lake WMA Monitor - Hours 9 thru 15 December 30, 2010

Hour

(EDT)

SO2

(ppb)

SO2

(μg/m3)

Portland 

Unit 1

(lbs/hr)

Portland 

Unit 2

(lbs/hr)

Martins Creek 

Units 3 & 4

(lbs/hr)

9 0 0 3,992 6,365 0

10 17 45 3,890 6,158 0

11 56 147 3,403 3,942 0

12 83 217 3,330 1,713 0

13 39 102 3,213 0 0

14 8 21 3,255 0 0

a. Exceedance of 1-Hour SO2 NAAQS of 75 ppb (196 ug/m3) in bold.
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17

56

83

39

8

8

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00

December 30, 2010 Episode

Sulfur Dioxide Conc. (ppb)

Figure 14. Hourly Sulfur Dioxide Measurements at the Colombia Lake Monitor from 

10:00 to 16:00 December 30, 2010.

Figure 15 shows the three forward trajectories of the air at different heights for the one 

hour during this episode that the monitor’s measurement exceeded the 1-hour SO2

NAAQS level of 75 ppb. A great deal of vertical directional and speed wind shear is 

shown. The wind speeds at the 10m level are low, approximately 3 mph. As the plume 

travels down through the atmosphere, the lower level winds transport it in a westerly 

direction towards the monitor. 
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Bureau of Technical Services

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Figure 15. December 30, 2010 Forward 1-Hour Trajectory from the Portland 

Power Plant (starting time of 11 am EDT)

Red Line = 10 meter above ground trajectory (approximate monitor height)

Blue Line = 100 meter above ground trajectory

Green Line = 221 meter above ground trajectory (approximate initial plume height)

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor = 83 ppb
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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25

Comparison of the Concentrations Measured at the Columbia Lake 

WMA Ambient Air Monitor with AERMOD Model Predictions

Predictions of the 1-hour SO2 impacts from SO2 emissions from the Portland Power Plant 

are documented in the NJDEP Bureau of Technical Services reports: AERMOD Modeling 

Analysis of the 1-Hour Sulfur Dioxide Impacts Due to Emissions from the Portland 

Generating Station (July 30, 2010). Using the model setup and assumptions described in 

this document, an additional AERMOD model run was conducted with a receptor located 

at the Columbia Lake WMA monitor. 

To our knowledge, meteorological data suitable for use in AERMOD that is concurrent 

with the September 23, 2010 to February 17, 2011 monitoring period is not being 

collected at this time. Therefore, concentrations at the Columbia Lake WMA monitor had 

to be estimated using the September 23, 1993 to February 17, 1994 meteorological data. 

Three emission scenarios were modeled.

Emission Scenario #1 (Average Emissions)

The first scenario used the average hourly SO2 emission rates of Portland Units 1 and 2 

during the period when Columbia Lake WMA monitoring is available. The hourly SO2

emissions data is only available from 2010; there is no 2011 data. Therefore, 

concentrations at the Columbia Lake WMA monitor were estimated using the average 

hourly SO2 emission rate of Portland Units 1 and 2 from September through December

2010. As in the trajectory analysis, the hourly emissions of SO2 from Portland Power 

Plant Units 1 and 2 and the Martins Creek Power Plant Units 3 and 4 were obtained from 

the EPA Clean Air Markets web site (http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/emissions/). 

The average hourly SO2 emission rate from September through December 2010 was as 

follows:

Unit 1 = 1,749 lb/hr (30 percent of the allowable emission rate of 5,820 lb/hr),

Unit 2 = 3,426 lb/hr (38.5 percent of the allowable emission rate of 8,900 lb/hr)

The average hourly heat input for the two units in MMBtu was also available from the 

EPA Clean Air Markets web site. The average hourly heat input during the September 

through December 2010 time period was as follows:

Unit 1 = 665 MMBtu/hr (40 percent of the maximum heat input of 1,657 

MMBtu/hr),

Unit 2 = 1,281 MMBtu/hr (51 percent of the maximum heat input of 2,512

MMBtu/hr)

The exit velocity of each stack will be a function of the unit’s heat input. Therefore, each 

unit’s maximum load exit velocity was reduced by 60 percent for Unit 1 and 49 percent 

for Unit 2. Using these adjusted emission rates and exit velocities, the AEMOD model 

was run and predictions made at the location of the Columbia Lake WMA monitor. 
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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Emission Scenario #2 (50 Percent of Allowable Emissions)

The trajectory analysis found that during the monitored exceedances of the 1-hour SO2

NAAQS, Portland Units 1 and 2 on average typically were emitting SO2 at approximately

50 percent of their allowable rate. Therefore, AEMOD model was run with Portland 

Units 1 and 2 were emitting SO2 at 50 percent of their allowable rate. The exit velocities 

from the previous scenario were also used.

Emission Scenario #3 (Allowable Emissions)

The third scenario was run using the allowable SO2 emission rate of both Unit 1 and Unit 

2 and an exit velocity representative of 100 percent load. 

Results

Table 7 compares the 10 highest AERMOD 1-hour predictions for the three emission 

scenarios with the top 10 monitored 1-hour SO2 concentrations. Because the time period 

of the meteorology (September 23, 1993 thru February 17, 1994) is not the same year as 

the monitoring data (September 23, 2010 thru February 17, 2011), these results should be 

considered an approximation of model accuracy in reproducing observed concentrations 

at the Columbia Lake WMA monitor. That said, AERMOD using the Emission Scenario 

#1 (average actual SO2 emissions) and Emission Scenario #2 (50 percent of allowable 

SO2 emissions) predict lower concentrations than the monitored values. Emission 

Scenario #3 (allowable SO2 emissions) provides the most accurate model predictions. 

This suggests that in the reports: AERMOD Modeling Analysis of the 1-Hour Sulfur 

Dioxide Impacts Due to Emissions from the Portland Generating Station (July 30, 2010), 

the model predictions made assuming Portland Unit 1 and 2 are emitting at their 

allowable SO2 emission rate may most accurately reflect actual SO2 concentrations in the 

vicinity of the plant.

Table 7. Comparison of Top 10 AERMOD Predicted 1-Hour SO2 Concentrations to 

Monitored Values a, b

Ranked 1-Hour 

SO2

Modeled 

Avg. SO2

Emissions

(ug/m3)

Modeled 50 % of 

Allowable SO2

Emissions 

(ug/m3)

Modeled

Allowable SO2

Emissions 

(ug/m3)

Monitored 

Concentrations

(ug/m3)

1 312 443 774 480

2 206 296 463 427

3 189 271 405 390

4 162 234 337 356

5 139 202 289 349

6 133 200 259 291

7 131 192 259 286

8 130 189 257 275

9 125 182 246 257

10 125 181 245 241

# of Exceedence 

Days

2 4 10 9

a. Model predictions based on meteorology from Sept. 23, 1993 through Feb. 17, 1994. 

b. Monitored values measured from Sept. 23, 2010 through Feb. 17, 2011.
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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CONCLUSION

Monitoring data from the Columbia Lake Wildlife Management Area in Knowlton 

Township, Warren County, New Jersey showed exceedances of the 1-hour SO2 

NAAQS on nine days between September 23, 2010 and February 17, 2011. Of these nine 

exceedances, four episodes when concurrent hourly emissions data was available were

evaluated. NJDEP’s trajectory analysis combined with hourly emissions data determined 

that the Portland Power Plant in Northampton County, Pennsylvania was the likely cause 

of these exceedances. In addition, a comparison of AERMOD model runs with the 

monitoring data showed that AERMOD generally predicted lower concentrations than the 

monitored values. AERMOD predictions were most accurate when compared to 

allowable SO2 emission rates at Portland’s Units 1 and 2 suggesting that the allowable 

SO2 emission rates most accurately reflect actual SO2 concentrations at the Plant. 
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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Appendix A

Hourly Sulfur Dioxide 

Concentrations Measured at the

Columbia Lake WMA Monitor

(September 23, 2010 through 

February 17, 2011)
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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9/23/2010 **   **  **   **  **   **  41 15 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41

9/24/2010 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 6 7 35 98 109 136 89 69 18 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 136

9/25/2010 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 2

9/26/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

9/27/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9/28/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 16 5 9 3 1 1 0 0 0 16

9/29/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 92 46 22 5 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92

9/30/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 0 7

10/1/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ** ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/2/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/3/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/4/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

10/5/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/6/2010 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 36 10 35 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36

10/7/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/8/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 **  1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

10/9/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

10/10/200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

10/11/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ** ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/12/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/13/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/14/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/15/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/16/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/17/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

10/18/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/19/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 15 10 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15

10/20/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 27 38 6 66 39 27 31 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 66

10/21/2010 0 5 25 7 0 0 44 57 58 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58

10/22/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/23/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 5 14 8 7 5 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 14

10/24/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 2 19 28 14 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 28

10/25/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 17 52 28 14 32 33 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 30 52

10/26/2010 2 1 0 **  **   0 0 0 4 **  **   **  **   **  **   0 4

10/27/2010 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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Date hr 

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MAX

10/28/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 41 28 40 67 65 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 67

10/29/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 **  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10/30/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 22 72 31 3 61 83 7 8 5 6 3 68 183 149 39 3 183

10/31/2010 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

11/1/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/2/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/3/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 22 11 19 72 43 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 72

11/4/2010 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

11/5/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/6/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/7/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/8/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 **   **  **   **  **   **  0

11/9/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/10/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ** ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/11/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/12/2010 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

11/13/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/14/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

11/15/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 12 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12

11/16/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/17/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

11/18/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

11/19/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/20/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/21/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9

11/22/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 12 4 16 28 16 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28

11/23/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 24 33 17 16 10 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 33

11/24/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/25/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 70 22 16 10 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70

11/26/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 12

11/27/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7

11/28/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11/29/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 **  0 0 0 0 32 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32

11/30/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/1/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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MAX

12/2/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   **  ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/3/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   **  **   **  **   **  ** ** 0

12/4/2010   **  **   **  **   **  **   **  ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/5/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/6/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/7/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/8/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/9/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/10/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ** 9 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9

12/11/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 7 8 52 58 7 4 1 1 1 0 4 6 2 58

12/12/2010 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 16 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 16

12/13/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/14/2010 0 0 ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/15/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/16/2010 0 0 0 0 1 2 11 38 5 5 54 20 35 8 36 5 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 54

12/17/2010 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1

12/18/2010 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 3 2 5 32 22 14 4 8 4 1 1 0 0 0 32

12/19/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

12/20/2010 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

12/21/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/22/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/23/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/24/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/25/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/26/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/27/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/28/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 **  ** ** 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

12/29/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12/30/2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 56 83 39 8 8 9 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 83

12/31/2010 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 23 71 9 6 6 5 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 71

1/1/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 7 12 16 33 16 3 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 33

1/2/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1/3/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1/4/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 4 7 8 30 19 5 1 2 4 4 3 2 0 0 30

1/5/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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MAX

1/6/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 12 20 35 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 35

1/7/2011 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 10 2 4 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

1/8/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 23 22 6 5 2 2 3 3 2 1 0 23

1/9/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1/10/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 **  **   **  0

1/11/2011 **   **  **   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

1/12/2011 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 7 7 6 5 1 0 0 **  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7

1/13/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1/14/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

1/15/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 6 4 21 5 5 18 14 2 2 2 2 2 21

1/16/2011 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

1/17/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 3 2 4

1/18/2011 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

1/19/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

1/20/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 7

1/21/2011 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

1/22/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 20 43 133 21 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 133

1/23/2011 0 0 1 0 2 5 11 10 8 5 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11

1/24/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   163 33 76 32 57 7 2 2 3 4 5 6 163

1/25/2011 6 6 7 9 6 5 4 8 6 8 21 14 33 28 27 13 6 6 5 4 4 5 4 4 33

1/26/2011 4 3 4 5 4 5 6 7 6 6 6 6 5 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 7

1/27/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1/28/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 6 26 26 21 15 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 26

1/29/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 2 42 13 15 14 3 1 2 2 2 1 0 0 42

1/30/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

1/31/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2/1/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2/2/2011 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 **  **   **  ** ** 0 1 1 1 1 0 1

2/3/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 ** 0 0 0 1 0 1

2/4/2011 2 6 4 2 4 3 2 2 4 11 11 19 13 15 4 31 44 17 4 4 3 1 1 1 44

2/5/2011 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 10 8 5 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 12 7 0 12

2/6/2011 4 5 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5

2/7/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 12 37 21 50 46 7 16 17 16 8 3 1 0 0 50

2/8/2011 0 0 0 0 0 ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2/9/2011 0 0 0 0 0 ** 1 1 26 7 9 3 42 33 54 48 4 1 12 7 35 30 14 ** 54
NJDEP Division of Air Quality 2/28/2011

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23

MAX

2/10/2011 1 6 4 4 4 4 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 6 6 15 15

2/11/2011 22 31 40 7 3 ** 2 2 3 18 51 66 ** 49 54 37 7 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 66

2/12/2011 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 3 20 8 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20

2/13/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 61 78 85 111 56 71 71 11 3 1 11 1 1 1 111

2/14/2011 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 23 38 78 38 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 78

2/15/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 **  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2/16/2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 32 64 105 33 39 21 33 1 4 1 1 0 0 0 1 105

2/17/2011 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 3

** = missing or bad data