Fertilizer Use

and Crop Yields

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Agriculture Handbook No. 68

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Fertilizer Use

and Crop Yields

m?tbe ^33

The Fertilizer Work Group

National Soil and Fertilizer Research Committee

in cooperation with

The Soil and Water Conservation Research Branch

and the

Production Economics Research Branch

Agricultural Research Service

United States Department of Agriculture

Agriculture Handbook No. 68

Washington, D. C, December 1954

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Goyemment Printing Office

Washington 25, D. C. — Price 50 cents
CONTENTS

Page

Procedure 1

Evaluation 3

Fertilizer use by regions 4

Southern States 4

Consumption data 4

Opportunities for more efficient fertilizer use_ 5

North Central States 7

Consumption data 7

Opportunities for more efficient fertilizer use« 9

Northeastern States 10

Consumption data 10

Opportunities for more efficient fertilizer use. 11

Western States 13

Consumption data 13

Opportunities for more efficient fertilizer use. 15

Crop response tables (Nos. 12-115) 15

Southern States 16

Corn grain 16

Sorghum grain 17

Wheat 18

Rye 19

Barley 20

Oats 21

Soybeans 22

Peanuts 23

Lint cotton 24

Tobacco 25

Rice, flaxseed, sugarcane 26

Potatoes . 27

Vegetables 28

Fruits and nuts 29

Hay 30

Pasture and cover crops 31

North Central States 32

Corn grain 32

Wheat 33

Rye 34

Barley 35

Oats 36

Soybeans 37

II

Crop response tables (Nos. 12-115)—Continued

North Central States—Continued

Sorghum grain, lint cotton, and tobacco 38

Sugar beets 40

Flaxseed 41

Potatoes 42

Vegetables 43

Fruits 44

Dry beans, mint, and bromegrass seed 45

Hay 46

Pasture and cover crops 47

Northeastern States 48

Corn grain 48

Corn silage 49

Wheat 50

Rye 51

Barley 52

Oats 53

Buckwheat and soybeans 54

Tobacco 55

Potatoes 56

Vegetables 57

Fruits 58

Dry beans and peas 59

Improved legume-grass hay and pasture 60

Permanent grass hay and pasture 61

Western States 62

Corn grain 62

Wheat 63

Barley 64

Oats 65

Sorghum grain, rice, peanuts, and flaxseed... 66

Lint cotton, niint, and hops 68

Sugar beets 69

Potatoes 70

Dry beans and peas 71

Fruits and nuts and seed and specialty crops. 72

Vegetables 73

Hay 74

Pasture and cover crops 75
FOREWORD

The National Soil and Fertilizer Research Committee was organized in 1947 by memoranda of

understanding among the State agricultural experiment stations in each Land-Grant College Region;

the Soil Conservation Service; and the Office of

Experiment Stations and the Soil and Water Conservation Research Branch, Agricultural Research

Service, of the United States Department of Agriculture.^ The committee was directed to consider

the national aspects of soils research and to advise

the Experiment Station Section of the Land-Grant

College Association and the United States Department of Agriculture on soil, fertilizer, and water

research problems.

Most of the major activities of the national

committee are carried on by work groups, appointed

from time to time to make special studies and prepare reports on matters of national interest.

This handbook is the result of studies conducted

by the National Fertilizer Work Group, appointed

in March 1951. During that year four regional

reports analyzing crop production potentials in

relation to the use of fertilizers were prepared.

These were followed by a fifth report summarizing

the data on a national basis. The five reports were

then revised and combined into this report, which in

final manuscript form was approved by each of the

48 cooperating State agricultural experiment stations for publication as a handbook by the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The National Soil and Fertilizer Research Committee is grateful to the members of the Fertilizer

Work Group for undertaking and completingthis

difficult assignment. The membership of the Work

Group was as follows:

R. Q. Parks, Chairmao, Soil and Water Conservation Research

Branch, Agricultural Research Service, United States

Department of Agriculture.

K. C. Berger, Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station.

W. E. Colwell, North Carolina Agricultural Experiment

Station.

J. P. Conrad, California Agricultural Experiment Station.

Mack Drake, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station.

D. B. Ibach, Production Economics Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of

Agriculture.

The Work Group was assisted by A. L. Mehring,

J. R. Adams, and L. B. Nelson, Soil and Water Conservation Research Branch.

L. B. Nelson succeeded R. Q. Parks as chairman

of the Work Group after his resignation, April 1953.

L. B. Nelson and J. R. Adams made the final revision

of the tables and edited the text. A. L. Mehringspent a great amount of time and eflFort toward the

preparation of the original reports, and in the early

stages revised and consohdated them into bulletin

form.

The research data contained in this handbook

could not have been obtained without the wholehearted cooperation of many soil scientists, agronomists, horticultmists, and agricultural economists

throughout the country. One representative from

each State was selected by the experiment station

director and asked to assume responsibility for the

summarization of all data for that State. These

representatives were:

SOUTHERN STATES

Virginia S. S. Obenshain

North Carolina W. L. Nelson

South Carolina W. R. Paden

Georgia _ _ W. O. Collins

Florida F. B. Smith

Kentucky M. E. Weeks

Tennessee O. H. Long

Alabama R. D. Rouse

Mississippi W. B. Andrews

Arkansas D. A. Hinkle

Louisiana M. B. Sturgis

Oklahoma H. F. Murphy

Texas J. F. Fudge

m
NORTH CENTRAL STATES

jhio G. W. Volk

Indiana A. J. Ohlrogge

Illinois A. L. Lang

Michigan.. R. L. Cook

Wisconsin -- K. C. Berger

Minnesota C. 0. Rost

Iowa G. Stanford

Missouri A. W. Klemme

North Dakota E. B. Norum

South Dakota L. F. Fuhr

Nebraska- .. M. D. Weldon

Kansas F. W. Smith

NORTHEASTERN STATES

Maine G. L. Terman

New Hampshire L. T. Kardos

Vermont A. R. Midgley

Massachusetts-_- W. G. Colby

Rhode Island- D. A. Schallock

L. W. Swanson

New York D. J. Lathwell

Pennsylvania R. B. Pennington

New Jersey—- E. R. Purvis

Delaware C. E. Phillips

Maryland F. L. Bentz

West Virginia— G. G. Pohlman

WESTERN STATES

Washington H. M. Reisenauer

Oregon R. A. Pendleton

Idaho G. O. Baker

Montana J. A. Asleson

Wyoming M. Mortland

Colorado W. R. Schmehl

Utah H. B. Peterson

Nevada V. E. Spencer

California J. P. Conrad

Arizona W. T. McGeorge

New Mexico H. E. Dregne

Other members from each institution assisted the

State representatives and the regional committees.

Although it is not possible to mention each of those

who contributed, special acknowledgment is due

W. H. Allaway, J. W. Falloon, Arthur Hawkins,

T. R. Swanback, M. T. Vittum, W. G. Colby,

J. E. Steckel, E. R. Collins, F. S. Jamison, H. V.

Jordan, W. G. Woltz, and R. W. Pearson.

January 1954.

W. H. GARMAN, Chairman

National Soil and Fertilizer

Research Committee

IV
Fertilizer Use and Crop Yields

in the United States

The National Soil and Fertilizer Research Committee, recognizing the crucial relationship of

fertilizers to our national welfare, charged the

Fertilizer Work Group with the responsibility of

(1) assembling and analyzing experimental data

relating to the fertilizer requirements of crops and

sous and the crop responses to various rates of

fertilization, and (2) providing State and Federal

agencies with reports developed from thisinformation.

In response, the Work Group prepared five preliminary reports. These involved collecting all of

the available and usable data in the United States

through 1950, showing the effect of different rates

of fertilizer use on the principal crops. The data

were summarized by States and regions, and nationally. The preliminary reports were given widespread distribution to State and Federal agencies

and to the fertilizer industry. Initial use coiSirmed

the value of this type of summary. Now, after

thorough review and revision, the fertilizer data from

preliminary reports by States and regions have been

combined.

This assignment represented the first attempt to

make a nationwide summary of fertilizer-response

data and to estimate changes in yield that might

result from increases or decreases in fertilizer apphcation rates. It has thus been an experiment in itself.

Numerous gaps in information were encountered,

and many differences of opinion had to be

compromised.

The data as finally presented must be used and

interpreted with caution. As wiU be pointed out

later, the data are subject to certain limitations.

It is believed, however, that the final tables present

the most indicative picture possible on the basis of

existing information. Any future summaries not

only will have the benefit of this study but also that

of a rapidly expanding inventory of fertilizer field

experiments.

PROCEDURE

The United States was divided into four groups of

States or regions—Southern, North Central, Northeastern, and Western—to facilitate division of work

and to group information under more or less related

conditions. Each Work Group representative was

made responsible for the overall assemblage of data

from his region. The Work Group representative

was assisted by individual State representatives and

these, in turn, by other crop and sou fertility specialists within the State.

All pertinent published and unpublished field

fertilizer data through 1950 were summarized by

principal crops, usually according to soils or geographic regions within a State. Yield response

data then were selected for individual nutrients where

yields were not Umited by lack of other nutrients.

From these, weighted summary curves (Form A

response curves) were prepared on a statewide basis

for each principal crop as shown by the example in

figure 1. The Form A curves thus were a close

expression of the data from field experiments.

The Form A curves from each State usually were

reviewed by all of the State representatives within

a region. This review frequently showed inconsistencies within the curves or omissions of certain

crops and nutrients. In order to present a complete

pictiu*e, the inconsistencies were corrected and the

gaps filled by making a second set of curves called

Form B curves. The Form B curves thus were

based on available data, plus the experience, observations, and combined judgment of the technical

specialists of the State and region. Where experimental data were adequate, the Form A and Form

B curves were interchangeable. In some States

where data on a particular crop were lacking, Form

B curves for parallel situations elsewhere were used

to complete the tables.

The Form B curves were used as a basis in calculating the data presented in the tables (as illustrated

by tables 12 and 13 on p. 16). Sources of this

information and methods of calculation employed

in developing these tables are given below.

Estimated average yield from given application rate

oj Nj P2O5, and K2O,—The estimated yields generally were read directly from the Form B curves

for the designated nutrient application rate and for

the yield under average nutrient (1950) use.

Some differences in procedure existed between the

regional groups at the time the Form B curves were

drawn, and these differences are reflected in the

estimated yield tables. The Work Group representatives of the Southern, Northeastern, and Western

States considered the data given in the Form B

curves as yields at maximum operating eflSciency

levels, i. e., yields that were not limited by lack of

other nutrients or reduced by plant diseases, insects.
AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

FORMA

STATE SUMMARY OF

EXPERIMENTAL DATA

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3 200

FERTILIZER WORK GROUP Sto te : ALABAMA

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NATIONAL SOIL AND FERTILIZER

RESEARCH COMMITTEE Nutrient :

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Weighted Curve

Represents

52 Field Trials

20 40 60 60 IÔO 120 140 160 180 2Ô0 220 240

NUTRIENT^APPLICATION (POUNDS PER ACRE)

FIGURE 1.—Example, showing the preparation of a Form A response curve for nitrogen on potatoes in Alabama. The continuous lines are response curves for different areas of the State. The dashed line is the weighted summary, or Form

A curve. Phosphorus or potassium did not limit the response to nitrogen in the data selected.

or other situations such as improper plant population, cultivation, drainage, and harvesting methods.

The Work Group representatives for the North

Central States, on the other hand, believed that it

would be impossible to maintain factors other than

nutrients at maximum. Furthermore, they believed

that yield data obtained from small plots are higher

than under farm conditions, because experimental

plots generally are given the more favorable locations

in fields and, in addition, are not subject to normal

harvesting losses. As a result, the North Central

States adjusted their experimental yield data downward slightly when drawing the Form B curves.

Thus, the North Central data given in the estimated

yield tables may be somewhat conservative in comparison with other regions.

Planted acreage.—Obtained from ''Estimated Consumption of Fertilizer by Crops During Year Ending

June 30, 1950.'' Production and Marketing Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture. (Not

available for distribution.)

Harvested acreage,—Obtained from "Agricultural

Statistics, 1951.'' U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Total production,—Obtained from ''Agricultural

Statistics, 1951." U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Average yield,—The average yield is expressed in

customary units and is obtained by dividing total

production by total harvested acreage.

Average yield (percent oj potential),—The average

yield divided by the maximum estimated average

yield for a given plant nutrient indicates the level

of current operations or the percentage of the potential yield being obtained.

Total use (iV, P2O5, or ¿LSO) .—Obtained from

"Estimated Consumption of Fertilizer by Crops

During Year Ending June 30, 1950." Production

and Marketing Administration, U. S. Department

of Agriculture. (Not available for distribution.)

State fertilizer consumption figures are preliminary

estimates and are not always in agreement with the

figures given in the 1949-50 fertUizer consumption

survey made by the Department of Agriculture.

In some cases these figures have been modmed where

more complete information was available.

Average use (N, P2O6, or K2O),—Total weight of

nutrient divided by the planted acreage.

Planted acreage fertilized (N, PzO^, or K^O).--

Obtained from "Estimated Consumption of Fertilizer

by Crops Diuing Year Ending June 30, 1950."

Production and Marketing Administration, U. S.
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS

Department of Agriculture. (Not available for

distribution.)

Predicted percent change in yield with change in

N, P2O5J or K2O fertilizer rate,—The tabulated predicted percent change in yield with change in

nutrient rate was estimated from the Form B curves.

The average nutrient use was considered as zero

percent change in application, and the corresponding

crop yield read from the curve was taken as zero

percent change in yield. Percent increases or

decreases in crop yield over this figure were then

determined for the other rates of nutrient application. Where no nutrient was applied, the change in

application rate was —100 percent. In table 13, for

example, 21 poimds of nitrogen per acre in Virginia

gives an average yield of 49 bushels of corn. Increasing the nitrogen application 50 percent, or to

31.5 pounds per acre, would increase the yield 24

percent, or to 60.8 bushels. A decrease of 100 percent in the application rate of nitrogen (or no nitrogen) would cause a decrease of 44 percent in the crop

yield. This would mean a corn yield of only 27.4

bushels per acre with no nitrogen applied but with

other factors, including phosphate and potash, at

optimum levels.

In some of the newer fertilizer-using areas, however, current average rates of fertilizer use may be

only 0.1 to 0.2 pound per acre. In such areas, a

200-percent increase in apphcation rate gives no

indication of the real potential that may be achieved

from greatly increased fertilizer use. Thus, the

percentages are of limited value in areas where very

little fertilizer is being applied.

Weighted average for States reporting,—The data

for estimated average yields, percentage of planted

acreage fertilized with a nutrient, and predicted

percent change in yield are all weighted on planted

acreage basis. The data for average yield are

weighted on a harvested acreage basis. Where data

were missing for a given State, this State was not

included in the weighting.

EVALUATION

As previously pointed out, the data given in the

tables must be used and interpreted with caution.

The reader, therefore, is urged to give this section

careful study.

Although the tables represent what is believed the

best evaluation possible from the basic experimental

data, nevertheless there are certain limitations.

The compilation was seriously handicapped by incomplete experimental data for various crops on

many soils, and because some of the acreage estimates and current fertilizer usage data were not so

precise as might be wished. Most States, however,

have obtained considerable new and more pertinent

data since 1950, which, if it could have been included,

would have helped overcome this deficiency. The

compilation was handicapped further in that the

experimental data were not always adequate for

predicting statewide effects. Many areas and soils

within certain States have considerably different

fertilizer needs than are shown by the weighted

curves. Until such time as more accurate information

can be obtained, the data must be used advisedly

with these limitations in mind.

In Florida, for example, a soil and climatic situation exists that limits considerably the value of the

data from that State. Most Florida farming is done

on porous, sandy soils, and heavy and unpredictable

rains may occur in aU areas of the State. It is the

custom and recommendation of Florida Experiment

Station workers to take this into account, and two

or more split applications of fertilizer are ordinarily

recommended for row, tree, and pasture crop plants.

The amount of fertilizer applied either on experiments or in farm practice, therefore, is governed by

the current nutrient situation existing in the soil,

which is greatly influenced by leaching. As a result,

it has been almost impossible for the State to develop

valid Form B curves and the State workers have

little confidence in the data for predicting yields.

In many of the Western States where fertilizer

use and fertilizer research have been limited in the

past, insufficient experimental data reduce the vaUdity of that presented. Also, in several other States,

including Mississippi, the State representatives questioned seriously the value of the data when weighted

and placed on a statewide basis.

The study already has served a real purpose in

pointing out gaps in information where additional

research is needed.

The tables are of limited value in determining

fertilizer ratios or grades for particular crops or

situations, or for predicting relative quantities of

two or more nutrients required to produce a given

3rield. The data presented for a given nutrient apply

only to situations where adequate quantities of the

other two nutrients were present. If interactions

occurred between the nutrient in question and the

other nutrients, the effect of these interactions is

ascribed to the former. Thus, the combined effects

of any two or all three nutrients cannot be predicted

with sureness from the data. This could be done

only if one assumed that there were no interactions.

Although the data show the possibilities of much

larger crop production than presently exists, the

reader should not associate the large yield potentials

herein with overproduction of food. In addition to

adequate amounts of fertilizers, best systems of management, disease and insect control, and use of highyielding varieties will be required for maximum

production.

This study was initiated at a time when the problem appeared to be one of imminent shortages of

farm products. In view of rising trends in population without commensurate increases in land area
AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

suitable for crops, the long range problem is one of

meeting most economically the growing needs for

additional output. But there is always a current

need for determining the proper place of fertilizer,

whether the short-time problem is one of shortages

or of finding profitable outlets. When the problem

is mainly the finding of profitable outlets, the job of

balancing output to avoid surpluses and of managing

use of resources to obtain highest total net returns

is of paramount importance. Basic information on

response to fertilizers over a wide range in rates of

application is essential in making an intelligent approach to this problem. Only such information can

provide the basis for determining the rates of application that would be most profitable in combination

with other yield-influencing practices. This determination can be of even more importance to farmers

when the margin between gross returns and costs is

narrow than when it is wide. At such times it is

particularly important to maintain practices that

contribute most to net returns.

The limitations and restrictions on the use of the

data have been stressed, particularly in this introductory section. This has not been done to undermine the reader's faith in the report, but to acquaint

him with the various pitfalls that nadght result from

attempting to use the data for purposes for which

they are not adapted. With a proper understanding

of how the response data were derived, the report

should prove of great value in numerous ways.

FERTILIZER USE BY REGIONS

SOUTHERN STATES

(Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi,

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas)

By W. E. CoLWELL

Work Group Representative for the Southern States, and Head of Department of Agronomy, North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering and the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of North Carolina

CONSUMPTION DATA

The South is traditionally a heavy user of fertilizers, and in 1951 this region was still consuming 50

percent of the total fertilizer nutrients in the Nation.

So dependent is the farmer of the humid South upon

chemical fertilizers that he could not continue in

production for long without them. Percentagewise,

consumption has not increased as much as in other

regions, but the base tonnage in other parts of the

Nation is small in comparison to that of the South.

In terms of absolute quantities of plant nutrients,

usage has been increased sharply during 1940-50.

It is expected to increase rapidly during the next

period of years (table 1).

TABLE 1.—Estimates of quantities of commercial plant nutrients used in the Southern States in 1950 and those

needed for level of production attainable in 1955 ^

State

1950

N P2O5 K2O

1955 attainable

N P2O5 K2O

Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina.

Georgia

Florida

Kentucky

Tennessee

Alabama

Mississippi

Arkansas

Louisiana

Oklahoma

Texas

Total,-.

Tons

26, 862

92, 148

52, 126

63, 104

42, 704

21, 758

23, 343

61,711

84, 961

38, 700

30, 155

5,000

28, 643

Tons

80, 906

146, 276

72, 756

107, 101

64, 436

75, 221

56, 885

97, 669

46, 395

35, 500

25, 261

30, 000

78, 877

Tons

43, 723

104, 142

48, 243

67, 461

63, 584

27, 198

28, 834

53, 047

23, 807

23, 550

12, 084

3,000

11, 844

Tons

35, 877

133, 200

81, 644

100, 028

72, 494

28, 270

32, 728

106, 283

157, 031

66, 416

40, 634

29, 823

64, 667

Tons

104, 159

211, 567

123, 133

140, 073

80, 880

96, 505

68, 070

126, 475

95, 874

76, 873

30, 562

68, 298

122, 281

Tons

63,568

199, 268

89,735

125, 481

88,421

35, 915

43, 547

86, 393

48, 540

48, 025

14,101

7,060

19, 337

571,215 917, 283 510, 517 949, 095 1, 344, 750 869, 391

^ Estimates of quantities of commercial plant nutrients used in 1950 and of those needed for level and pattern of production

attainable in 1955. U. S. Dept. Agr. Jan. 31, 1952. [Processed.]
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS

The factors of climate and soils that were responsible for early use of fertilizer are the same

factors that now call for still greater quantities for

maximum production. For most crops grown extensively in the South, yields are only one-third to

one-half the production potential. However, the

average yields of tobacco and certain vegetable

crops now approach the potential yield. These

relatively high value crops receive heavy applications of plant nutrients through regular fertilization

practices. In spite of relatively heavy fertilizer

sales in the region, most crops are still greatly underfertilized. The low average usage of fertilizer, as

noted in table 2, may be related to the per capita

income of the region, which is the lowest in the

Nation.

The 1950 fertilizer consumption data, given in

table 1, show that North Carolina, Georgia, and

Alabama consume larger amounts of plant nutrients

than the other States. Lowest consumers are

Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma. Large parts of Texas and Oklahoma are

semiarid to arid; hence, fertilizer use is limited.

For the region, in 1950, consumption of nutrients

was divided as follows: N, 28.6 percent; P2O5, 45.9

percent; and K2O, 25.5 percent. This proportion,

however, varies between States, although North

Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and

Tennessee approach the region's average. Kentucky

and Virginia use less nitrogen and more phosphate,

while Florida uses less phosphate and more potash.

Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana depend heavily

on nitrogen. Texas and Oklahoma use more phosphate and less potash in their fertilizers than any

of the other States.

More than 70 percent of all nutrients consumed

in the region are as mixtures; however, this also

TABLE 2.—Planted acreage and average use of iV,

-P2O5, and K2O for major crops in the Southern

States during 1950

Crops

Corn

Sorghum

Wheat

Rye

Barley

Oats

Soybeans

Rice

Peanuts

Cotton

Tobacco

Sugarcane

Flaxseed

Potatoes

Vegetables

Fruits and nuts

Hay

Pasture and cover crops._

Total

acreage

1,000

acres

25, 556

8,185

14, 364

506

532

6,727

2,215

1,368

2,812

17, 142

1,462

353

245

338

1,717

1,891

11, 113

155, 343

Nutrients

N

Lb./acre

15

2*

5

8

8

1

11

3

15

37

31

5

59

43

42

2

P2O5

Lb./acre

13

4

14

18

8

8

8

14

15

90

6

6

85

72

45

11

3

K2O

Lb. /acre

9

.3

12

6

8

6

6

4

9

9

64

14

1

63

50

49

4

varies among States, ranging from well over 80 percent in east coast States to less than 50 percent in

Mississippi and in the western part of the region.

For the most part, the South derives its agricultural income from row crops, with corn, cotton,

tobacco, peanuts, and soybeans predominating.

Pasture improvement represents the best opportunity

for greater income in the future. Even in the humid

areas, average use of fertilizers on pasture and hay

crops is remarkably low.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EFFICIENT FERTILIZER USE

Careful study of all the experimental data available in the southern region reveals some striking

opportunities for higher production through greatly

increased quantities of fertilizer, as indicated by

table 3. Similarly, the data reveal situations where

fertilizer rates may be safely reduced without impairing crop production.

Increased use of phosphate and potash on pasture

and hay crops shows striking benefit. Yield increases of one-third can be expected on hay crops

through the use of approximately 40 pounds P2O5

per acre, which is four times the current average

rate. The same amount of potash will, on the average, also increase production by one-third. These

facts, together with greatly expanding acres of

improved hay and pasture in the South, are especially important in making future plans for fertilizer

use in this region. The phenomenal returns from

fertilizer applications on hay and pasture crops offer

an opportunity to supplement farm income from cash

crops by a livestock enterprise. Silage, haymaking,

299182—54 2

and in-the-pasture accumulation of manure for the

short winter season are all receiving widespread

attention in the region.

In the region as a whole, corn represents a great

opportunity. The average fertilization rate is 15

pounds N per acre, 13 pounds P2O5, and 9 pounds

K2O (table 2). Average yield is only 27 bushels per

acre, and it is estimated that this is only 37 percent

of the production potential. If State recommendations for nitrogen, for example, were followed

throughout the area on the 26 million corn acres,

nitrogen supplies would be inadequate even with the

anticipated expansion of facilities.

Cotton is receiving only 15 pounds of nitrogen

per acre on the average. Experimental data show

this to be far below optimum. Production is only

45 percent of the potential.

Wheat planted on 14 million acres receives an

average application of 2 pounds N per acre. If

Oklahoma and Texas are not considered, the average rate is near 15. In certain parts of the South,
6 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 3.—Production potential oj some major jeriilizer-using crops in the Southern States and yields in 1960

Crop and unit

Yield in 1950

Average Total for

region

Potential yield with

full fertilization

Average Total for

region

Increase

obtainable

with full

fertilization

Corn grain bu

Sorghum grain __bu

Wheat bu

Rye bu

Barley bu

Oats bu

Soybeans bu

Peanuts lb

Cotton lb

Tobacco lb

Potatoes bu

Hay tons

Units/acre

27

23

10

11

21

24

20

892

255

1,271

128

L2

1,000 units

638, 699

150, 786

91, 576

1,182

8,890

122, 982

34, 200

1, 998, 220

4, 060, 000

1,811,114

43, 027

15, 529

Units/acre

73

32

32

34

40

57

34

1,274

567

1,513

217

2. 1

IfOOO units

1, 726, 214

209, 425

295, 406

3,694

17, 096

292, 814

57, 966

2, 854, 600

9, 022, 000

2, 156, 088

72, 927

26, 774

IjOOO units

1, 087, 515

58, 639

203, 830

2,512

8,206

169, 832

23, 766

856, 380

4, 962, 000

344, 974

29, 900

11, 245

nitrogen rates of 60 to 75 pounds N per acre are

recommended.

Economies in fertilizer use can be made in some

places without materially affecting crop production.

These are important to recognize, and a few will be

pointed out. In general, phosphate applications

can be reduced on fruits, vegetables, potatoes,

tobacco, and certain specialty crops. Usually, the

soils producing these crops have been heavily

fertilized in the past. White potatoes, for example,

are receiving 85 pounds P2O5 per acre. Vegetables,

on the average, receive 72 pounds P2O6 per acre.

On fruit trees the average rate is 45 pounds P2O6

per acre per year, with individual State averages

going up as high as 92. Tobacco receives 90 pounds

P2O6 per acre. Evidence at hand shows that a

substantial saving of phosphate can be made on

this crop without aflFecting yields appreciably.

In carrying forward the program of more efficient

utilization of fertilizers, some markets for currently

accepted grades will need to be abandoned. Greater

efforts should be expended to develop new markets

in line with the opportunities for maximum production as revealed by the crop-response data.

Although the data summarizing all current information are included in this report, it has seemed

appropriate to call attention to a number of developments in the South that may well affect the

interpretation of these figures, expecially insofar as

future use of fertilizer is concerned. This is done at

the risk of omitting important considerations or

overemphasizing others. It is hoped, however, that

the bringing up of certain of these points for thought

and analysis will contribute somewhat to a clearer

understanding of the very important problem of

fertilizer use in the South.

As supplemental irrigation becomes more widely

practiced in the region, fertilizer rates will be stepped

up. A sharp increase in areas to be irrigated is

anticipated. Much of this wiU undoubtedly be on

heavily fertilized crops.

As methods develop for the control of insect pests

and plant diseases, particularly some of the soilborne diseases, factors previously limiting crop production wiU have been removed and new levels of

fertilization will become practical.

Though fertilizer use may be expected to decline

somewhat with falling prices, if such should prevail,

there is at hand now more reliable data on crop

response than there have been previously.

Credit agencies are making increased use of research findings. With an understanding of the true

role of adequate fertilization and other cultural

practices, it is expected that State recommendations

will be followed reasonably closely by these agencies.

Wider use of soil-testing services and the increasingly greater confidence that can be placed in the

interpretation of data will play a part in accelerating

the rate at which shifts in fertilizer practices can be

made. In many instances a soil may be particularly

deficient in one fertilizer nutrient; sou tests are

effective in pointing up this specific need. Soils in

the South are generally acid, and increased usage of

lime will make for more effective use of higher

quantities of fertilizer.

Neighboring States are giving more attention to

joint planning and interpreting of fertilizer experiments and matters pertaining to grades and ratios.

This tends to unify somewhat the recommendations

across State lines, with a correspondingly stronger

educational impetus being given to any new grade

or practice.

The introduction of high-analysis fertilizer materials, with a corresponding increase in average

plant nutrient content in mixed fertilizers, may be

expected to have a general effect of increasing the

pounds of nutrients per acre. It may follow also

that price per unit of plant nutrientwill decline. Ad-
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS

ditional sources of nitrogen for direct applications,

such as anhydrous ammonia and nitrogen solutions,

may provide nitrogen at a lower per-unit cost.

Continued expansion of southern pasture acreages

is expected. Tliis is essentially a new market.

With renewed emphasis on practical means of

improving the physical conditions of soil, there is

reason to believe that poor structural conditions

may limit crop growth less frequently than has been

the case in the past. If this is true, higher production ceilings with correspondingly higher usage of

plant nutrients would be expected.

Throughout the region. State, Federal, and private

plant breeders are developing improved crop varieties. In general, field experiments in the breeding

programs are being conducted at high levels of fertility and not at the average level. This is frequently

reflected in varieties that excel at high-fertility

levels.

Most States in the region have strong programs

for better seed. As seed quality improves and crop

stands are better, higher rates of fertilization become practical.

There is an increasing awareness on the part of

agricultural leaders and farmers in the southern region that high fertilization and conservation of the

capacity of the soil to produce go together. The

concept of fertilizing the land for the rotation is prevailing over the concept of fertilizing the crop. The

clear recognition of the part fertilizers play in a sustained high production may have a bearing upon

their future use.

Data for the various crops by individual States

are given in tables 12 through 40 (pp. 16 to 31).

NORTH CENTRAL STATES

(Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota.

Nebraska, and Kansas)

By K. C. BERGER

Work Group Representative for the North Central Statesj and Professor of Soils^ College of Agriculture and the

Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Wisconsin

CONSUMPTION DATA

W The North Central States contain some 225 million

acres of cropland and probably have the greatest potential for increased fertilizer consumption of any

region in the United States. These States produced

75 percent of the corn, slightly more than 54 percent

of the wheat, 68 percent of the rye, 81 percent of the

oats, 90 percent of the soybeans, and 47 percent of

the hay in the Nation during 1950. Production of

this magnitude exerts a heavy drain upon the nutrient supply in the soil.

Fertilizers have become an increasingly important

factor in crop production in the North Central States

during recent years. Consumption in 1941-50 has

increased nearly threefold, with a total annual usage

in 1951 of more than 4K million tons. Undoubtedly,

the consumption of fertilizers will continue to expand as crop production demands increase and as

the native supplies of plant nutrients dwindle.

Considerable variation exists in the pattern of

fertilizer nutrient consumption from one part of

the region to another. Greatest consumption is in

Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois (table 4). These three

States used approximately 57 percent of all fertilizer nutrients consumed in the region in 1950.

During the same year Michigan, Wisconsin, and

Missouri each consumed about 8 percent, while Iowa

and Minnesota each consumed between 5 and 6

percent. Consumption in the four Plains States was

considerably less.

Although nitrogen consumption roughly parallels

total fertilizer use, nevertheless considerable variation exists between States. With the exception of

North Dakota, which uses relatively more phosphate

than nitrogen, the States in the western part of the

region use a higher percentage of nitrogen in their

fertiUzer programs than do those to the east.

Nebraska, for example, consumes considerably more

nitrogen than either phosphate or potash. Kansas,

South Dakota, Missouri, and Iowa also use a

relatively high proportion of nitrogen.

Phosphate is used universally over the region, with

the highest consumption in Ohio, Indiana, and

Illinois. Except in Wisconsin and Nebraska, phosphate constitutes 50 percent or more of the total

fertilizer nutrients applied.

Potash, on the other hand, presents a different

picture. North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska

use practically none, and Kansas uses very Httle.

Iowa and Illinois, also comparatively light potash

consumers, applied only about 18 percent of the

total nutrients in 1950 as potash. Wisconsin used

more potash than phosphate. The other States are

intermediate with potash consumption, ranging from

27 to 37 percent of the total nutrients consumed.

These variations in nutrient consumption reflect,

in part, differences in climate, soils, and types of

agriculture. In general, soils developed in areas of

highest precipitation are more acid and leached and

lower in available plant nutrients. On the other

hand, those in the semiarid portions of the Plains

States are frequently calcareous, often alkaline in

reaction, and contain an abundance of potassium.

Moisture is frequently a major limiting factor in

plant growth. Although periods of drought may

occur throughout the region, lack of moisture is

common in the central and western parts of the four
8 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRIULTURE

TABLE 4.—Estimates of quantities of commercial plant nutrients used in the North Central States in 1950 and

those neededfor level of production attainable in 1955 ^

State

1950 1955 attainable

N P2O5 K2O N P2O5 K2O

Ohio -_

Tons

28, 860

34, 491

15, 804

9,548

12, 671

6,465

13, 616

21, 865

884

501

12, 450

16, 861

Tons

117,512

130, 464

201, 055

62, 738

49, 601

41, 542

48, 336

52, 641

6,037

1,347

1,495

34, 464

Tons

81, 520

97, 291

48, 688

39, 360

51, 243

20, 992

12, 736

28, 047

40

40

0

3,195

Tons

46, 585

141, 002

46, 340

16, 436

45, 162

12, 010

70, 069

90, 000

4,179

7,134

67, 960

50, 070

Tons

144, 409

227, 462

283, 760

92, 171

105, 702

63, 950

103, 105

130, 000

17, 575

10, 768

16, 580

55, 070

Tons

100,115

200,218

95, 086

69, 679

116, 250

31, 975

34, 943

70,000

150

Indiana _

Illinois

Michigan

Wisconsin

Minnesota

Iowa

Missouri

North Dakota

South Dakota 0

Nebraska 0

Kansas 5,925

Total 174, 016 747, 232 383, 152 596, 947 1, 250, 552 724, 341

1 Estimates of quantités of commercial plant nutrients used in 1950 and of those needed for level and pattern of production attainable in 1955. U. S. Dept. Agr. Jan. 31, 1952. [Processed.]

Plains States and greatly influences crop response to

fertilizers. As a general rule, going from north to

south in the region is accompanied by a decrease in

the organic matter content of the soils, except for

variations brought about through differences in

native vegetation. This undoubtedly has some

influence on present nitrogen requirements.

The length of time the lands have been JFarmed and

the type of farming practiced also have exerted

their influence upon fertilizer needs and consumption.

The States in the eastern part have been farmed

longer than those elsewhere in the region, with a

resultant greater depletion of native fertility. Dairy

farming, such as is practiced in Wisconsin and other

Northern States, results in a large loss of potash and

nitrogen through improper handling of manure.

The present large potassium requirements in Wisconsin probably are largely caused by this. Cash

grain farming in the semiarid portions of the Plains

States also has left its imprint. The combination

of low yields and less intensive farming caused by

lack of moisture, along with the practice of leaving

crop residues on the land, has resulted in slower

depletion of nutrients than elsewhere. Only recently has the original nitrogen supply of semiarid

lands become depleted to the point where nitrogen

responses have been observed.

Kates of fertilizer application vary with the crop

grown (table 5). The average annual application

rate in 1950 for the region as a whole was only 1.5

pounds of N, 6.8 pounds of P2O5, and 3.3 pounds of

K2O per acre. Heaviest fertilized crops are tobacco,

vegetables, and potatoes. Cotton, fruits, and beets,

with relatively small acreages, also receive large

amounts of fertilizer. Corn, wheat, rye, and oats

receive about the same amounts of nutrients as the

regional average for all crops. Hay, pasture, soybeans, barley, sorghum, and flax receive less.

About two-thirds of the total consumption of

nutrients is in the form of mixtures.

TABLE 5.—Planted acreage and average use of iV,

P2O5, and K2O for major crops in the North Central

States during 1950

Crops

Corn

Sorghum

Wheat

Rye

Barley

Oats

Soybeans

Cotton

Tobacco

Sugar beets

Flaxseed

Potatoes

Vegetables

Fruits

Hay

Pasture and cover crops. _

Total

acreage

1,000

acres

52, 734

3, 190

40, 132

904

6,407

28, 957

10, 134

445

30

351

2,008

565

956

798

31, 225

50, 248

Nutrients

N

Lb.¡acre

3

.5

2

1

.5

1

.4

13

43

8

.5

9

12

18

.5

.2

P2O5

Lb.¡acre

8

. I 7

8

2

8

3

13

118

37

3

37

42

19

7

7

K2O

Lbjacre

6

2

6

4

1

4

3

18

111

26

2

40

34

18

2

2
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS

OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EFFICIENT FERTILIZER USE

Data given in tables 41 through 67 (pp. 32 to 47)

show some interesting possibilities for increasing production through increased fertilizer use in the North

Central States. Increased use of nitrogen particularly would improve yields for the region as a whole.

For example, increasing the nitrogen application from

the 1950 average to 40 pounds per acre would result

in the following increases in yield: Corn, 31 percent;

sorghum, 45; wheat, 41; rye, 47; barley, 41; oats, 43;

flaxseed, 57; and potatoes, 30. Increases of lesser

magnitude would be obtained with soybeans and

tobacco. Bromegrass seed, fruits, and cotton would

benefit greatly.

Increasing the rates of phosphate application over

the average use would increase considerably yields

of several crops—corn, wheat, rye, barley, oats, flaxseed, potatoes, vegetables, and hay, particularly—if

large amounts were applied. Soybeans, sorghum

grain, tobacco, cotton, sugar beets, fruits, and pastures would benefit only slightly.

Increasing the application of fertilizer nutrients on

the currently high-fertilizer-using crop of tobacco

would have the least effect on yields. Greater use

of lime undoubtedly would increase the efficiency of

fertilizers generally.

Production potentials of the North Central States

for each of the major fertilizer-using crops show that

in an average year with full fertilization, corn yields

could be increased from 44 to 67 bushels per acre for

the entire region, an increase of more than 1 billion

bushels a year (table 6). Yields of rye and hay

could be more than doubled, wheat increased from

16 to 29 bushels per acre, barley from 24 to 34, oats

from 38 to 63, soybeans from 23 to 36, and pota^ioes

from 187 to 312 bushels per acre. The estimates of

the North Central yield potentials are very conservative and reflect generally only the increase that

could be expected from increased fertilizer use only.

The amount of fertilizer necessary to produce maximum jdelds is, of course, very large. In Wisconsin,

for example, estimates indicate that the total tonnage

required would be between 2 and 2% million tons

annually. Applications necessary for maximum

yields, however, would be much less after high rates

of application had been made for a few years, as

evidenced by the buildup of available phosphorus in

east coast soils. Recent Wisconsin experiments indicate that following high initial applications of phosphate and potash, the subsequent rates required are

less. It is expected, however, that rather high annual applications of nitrogen will be required to

maintain top yields.

If ''all-out'' food production becomes necessary,

it is believed that adequate fertilization accompanied

by other improved practices can double present yields

for the region as a whole.

TABLE 6.—Production potential ojsome majorjertilizer-using crops in the North Central States and yields in 1950

Crop and unit

Yield in 1950

Average Total for

region

Potential yield with full

fertilization

Average Total for

region

Increase obtainable

with full

fertilization

Corn grain bu

Sorghum grain bu

Wheat bu

Rye bu

Barley bu

Oats bu

Soybeans bu

Cotton lb

Tobacco lb

Sugar beets tons

Flaxseed bu

Potatoes bu

Hay tons

Units/acre

44

24

16

14

24

38

23

298

2,457

11

11

187

1.3

1,000 units

2, 095, 653

42, 568

600, 887

7,336

127, 553

1, 077, 939

226, 526

128, 000

37, 460

2,958

19, 480

104, 328

53, 960

Units/acre

67

32

29

31

34

63

36

828

3,413

16

14

312

3.3

1,000 units

3, 175, 232

56, 757

1, 073, 013

16, 302

182, 219

1, 796, 565

353, 947

356, 000

52, 028

4,287

24, 049

173, 880

138, 359

If000 units

1, 079, 579

14, 189

472, 126

8,966

54, 666

718, 626

127, 421

288, 000

14, 568

1,329

4,569

69, 552

84, 399
10 AGRICULTUEE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

NORTHEASTERN STATES

(Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey,

Delaware, Maryland, and West Virginia)

By

MACK DRAKE

Work Group Representative for the Northeastern States, and Research Professor of Chemistry, School of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Massachusetts

CONSUMPTION DATA

Fertilizers traditionally have played an important

role in crop production in the Northeast. During

recent years, more and more fertilizer is being applied;

and, as indicated by this and other studies, considerably more fertilizer is needed to achieve

the maximum production possible in the region.

However, fertilizers are not now being used to their

maximum efficiency. Certain changes in methods of

fertilizer application, in the amounts and kinds of

nutrients used on different crops, and in liming and

other contributing practices will undoubtedly improve the efficiency of fertilizer use. Furthermore,

the emphasis on overall fertilizer use will shift as

important changes in the agriculture of the region

occur.

At present, dairying, general livestock, and fruit,

vegetable, potato, and tobacco growing are important types of farming in the Northeast. Forage

crops, corn, and small grains are grown on both

general Hvestock and dairy farms. More than 65

percent of the farmland is in hay and pasture, either

rotated or permanent. Many farms, however, are

replacing corn silage with grass silage, especially in

the six New England States. Acreage of superior

legume-grass mixtures is increasing.

Fertilizer needs are associated closely with the

soils and their properties. Many soils of the region

are low in natural fertility and many soils are low in

organic matter. Many of the soils also have a low

water-holding capacity, and lack of moisture often

limits production during periods of low rainfall. As

a result, supplemental irrigation may be needed for

maximum production. Nearly all of the soils of the

region are acid and require periodic applications of

limestone for most crops. Lime is essential for

efficient utilization of fertilizer nutrients on most of

the soils.

The average annual fertilizer application rate for

1950 was 5.5 pounds of N, 16.5 pounds of P2O5,

and 9.7 pounds of K2O per acre. However, these

average values may be misleading, since many intensively cultivated crops, as tobacco, potatoes, and

vegetables (table 7), receive very high applications of

fertilizer. Corn and small grains and limited acreages of improved forage mixtures receive moderate

applications of fertilizers, but a very large acreage

of hay and pasture received little fertilizer.

For years farmers in the Northeast have made

heavy applications of phosphate to areas in potatoes.

vegetables, and other high acre-value crops. Experimental data, however, show that on areas that

have been well fertilized for many years, these

crops may still respond to applications of phosphate

fertilizer. Because soils of the Northeast are high

in active iron and aluminum, they have very high

phosphorus-fixation capacities. Fixation of applied

phosphorus into forms relatively imavailable to

plants presents a serious problem. The common

practice of using superphosphate in the dairy gutter

and on manure reduces phosphorus fixation to a

minimum and also reduces nitrogen losses from the

manure. Many of the decomposition products from

organic matter inactivate iron and aluminum,

thereby increasing phosphorus availability.

TABLE 7.—Planted acreage and average use of N,

P2OB, and K2O for major crops in the Northeastern

States during 1950

Crops

Corn grain

Corn silage

Wheat

Rye

Barley

Oats

Buckwheat

Soybeans

Tobacco

Potatoes

Vegetables

Dry beans and peas

Fruits

Legume-grass hay and

pasture

Permanent grass hay and

pasture

Total

acreage

1,000

acres

3,195

142

1,880

307

344

2,079

93

202

119

472

823

169

640

10, 295

12, 868

Nutrients

N

Lb.¡acre

14

11

10

6

9

6

2

4

76

83

68

8

20

P2O6

Lb.Iacre

34

29

42

27

40

31

32

27

79

156

129

17

10

7

5

K3O

Lb.lacre

20

14

22

6

17

14

5

23

130

178

92

Lack of nitrogen is a serious problem in crop production over most of the region. This problem is

the result of several factors. Low organic-matter

content of sandy soils and relatively figh rainfall,

especially during the fall and spring, cause serious

annual loss of nitrates by leaching. Also, many of

the soils are low in lime, phosphorus, and potassium
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 11

SO that grasses crowd out legumes to the extent that

many areas are referred to as ''natural grasslands."

Legumes generally are an inadequate source of nitrogen in all types of farming if maximum production

is to be achieved. With many intensively cultivated crops such as vegetables, legumes supply only

a small part of the nitrogen requirements. Even

with legume-grass associations, varying amounts of

applied nitrogen are needed for maximum production, particularly in establishing new seedlings on

soils low in nitrogen and where there is a low ratio of

legume to grass.

The total amoimt of fertilizer nutrients consumed

by different States in 1950 is most closely related

to the total agricultural acreage of the State (table 8)

and hence does not reflect differences in usage.

More than 80 percent of the fertilizer applied is

mixtures.

TABLE 8.—Estimates of quantities of commercial plant nvirients used in the Northeastern States in 1950 and

those needed for level of production attainable in 1955 ^

State

1950

N PaOfi K2O

1955 attainable

N PaOß K2O

Maine

New Hampshire

Vermont

Massachusetts..

Rhode Island.__

Connecticut

New York

Pennsylvania.-_

New Jersey

Delaware

Maryland

West Virginia. _

Total

Tons

12, 870

836

1,521

4,417

649

6,612

23, 913

20, 611

11,951

2,089

6,319

2,250

Tons

20, 593

3,837

6,911

8,875

1,554

8,277

81, 888

83, 820

24, 953

6,650

30, 252

17, 000

Tons

22, 470

2, 171

3,758

6,422

1,337

8,046

34, 053

41, 332

20, 890

4,886

17, 351

4,450

Tons

15, 980

1,082

2,323

4,465

877

7,963

33, 000

27, 191

18, 964

3,048

21, 433

3,700

Tons

25, 307

5, 150

10, 414

9,189

1,730

10, 567

90, 000

113,967

44, 731

7,213

74, 054

24, 500

Tons

26, 587

2,842

6,032

6,519

1,556

10, 688

40, 000

98, 087

45, 811

6,098

47, 094

6,200

94, 038 294, 610 167, 166 140, 026 416, 822 297, 514

1 Estimates of quantities of commercial plant nutrients used in 1950 and of those needed for level and pattern of production attainable in 1955. U. S. Dept. Agr. Jan. 31, 1952. [Processed.]

OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EFFICIENT FERTILIZER USE

Production of higher yields and improved quality

forage on fewer acres seems to be a sound objective.

The largest potential for increased fertilizer use in

the region is on forage crops. Table 9 shows that it

is possible to double yields of superior legume-grass

mixtures in the northeastern region by adequate

fertilization. Adequate fertilization of permanent

grass likewise will produce large increases in forage

yields. Such increases in forage production are

needed in the Northeast to help the dairy industry

reduce production costs and to keep pace with the

growing population.

The annual average use of fertilizer nitrogen for

the region's 12.8 million acres of permanent grass is

only 0.4 pound per acre. On most farms permanent

grass does not receive much manure. Increasing the

nitrogen rate to 40 pounds per acre on half this

acreage, together with adequate lime, phosphorus,

and potash, would increase grass production 50 percent, or the equivalent of an added 4 million acres of

land. However, this would require 110,000 additional tons of nitrogen, which would double the

nitrogen consumption for the Northeast.

Increasing the phosphate and potash use on mixed

loo-nmu-o-rflsq also offers strikinsr possibilities. The

1950 average use was only 7 pounds of P2O5 per acre

on 10 million acres of improved legume-grass. Increasing the rate to 40 pounds of P2O5 per acre with

adequate nitrogen, potash, and lime would increase

the yield of improved legume-grass hay by 18 percent or the equivalent of an added 1.8 million acres

of hay land. However, 165,000 additional tons of

P2O5 would be required, which is more than half of

all the phosphate now used in this region. This 18

percent increase in yield of improved legume-grass

would also require increasing the use of potash from

4 pounds per acre used in 1950 to 40 pounds K2O

per acre. For the 10 million acres, this increased

potash requirement is 180,000 tons K2O, which would

double the present potash use in this region. Large

quantities of lime would also be required.

Grain crops also would profit from increased fertilizer use in most of the States. Greatest improvement in grain yields would come from increased use

of nitrogen and, to a lesser extent, from potash.

Increasing phosphate rates would be of the least

benefit. For example, corn grain yields could be increased approximately 32 percent by raising the

nitrogen application rate from the current 14 pounds

per acre to 80. Raisins the averao-e USP, of nitrno-pn
12 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 9.—Production potential ofsome majorfertilizer-using crops in the Northeastern States and yields in 1950

Crop and unit

Yield in 1950

Average Total for

region

Potential yield with full

fertilization

Average Total for

region

Increase

obtainable

with full

fertilization

Corn grain bu

Corn silage tons

Wheat bu

Rye bu

Barley bu

Oats bu

Soybeans bu

Tobacco lb.

Potatoes bu.

Legume-grass hay and pasture. tons.

Units/acre

43

10

23

16

33

40

16

1,215

310

L4

1,000 units

96, 452

1,367

41, 790

1,339

12, 442

75, 885

1,963

145, 831

141, 486

15, 720

Units/acre

98

11

35

33

43

57

26

1,642

508

2. 8

IfiOO units

219, 209

1,470

63, 318

2,790

16, 371

108, 407

3,166

197, 069

231, 944

31, 440

If000 units

122, 757

103

21, 528

1,451

3,929

32, 522

1,203

51, 238

90, 458

15, 720

to 40 pounds per acre would increase wheat yields

26 percent; rye, 29 percent; and barley and oats, 33

percent. With potash, corn grain yields could be

increased about 15 percent by increasing the K2O

rate from the current 20 pounds per acre to 80.

Increasing the K2O rate to 40 pounds would increase

wheat yields 9 percent; rye, 13 percent; barley and

oats, 8 percent. More phosphate, however, would

not materially benefit corn, wheat, and rye in most

of the States. Barley and oat yields would benefit

to some extent.

The survey indicates that yields of corn silage

could be increased from greater use of each of the

three nutrients; particularly, if the rates were increased materially. Buckwheat in Pennsylvania

could profit from greater use of nitrogen and potash

but not from phosphate. With soybeans, too few

data are available to predict the effect of increasing

nitrogen. More potash, however, would be of red

benefit, while more phosphate appears desirable in

some States.

Tobacco, already a heavily fertilized crop, might

benefit from increased use of nitrogen and phosphate

in some States. Potatoes are receiving near maximum nitrogen fertilization in Maine, Rhode Island,

and Maryland; but more nitrogen appears desirable

elsewhere. Only Vermont and West Virginia might

benefit from greater usage of phosphate on potatoes.

More potash, which is now applied at an annual rate

of about 178 pounds of K2O per acre, would not be

expected to increase potato yields further.

Increased nitrogen use on fruits would materially

benefit yields, but there appears to be little need for

increasing the use of phosphate. Increased use of

potash would improve color and quality of apples.

Important reductions in fertilizer use on heavily

fertilized crops in some States might be accomplished

without serious reduction in yields. For example,

a 25-percent reduction could be made in phosphate

on potatoes in Maine, Rhode Island, and New York,

and in potash on potatoes in Maine, Rhode Island,

Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware,

and possibly New Jersey.

The production potential of some of the major

fertilizer-using crops of the region is given in table 9.

Yields and total production of corn grain, rye, hay,

and permanent grasses could be approximately

doubled. Similarly, wheat, soybeans, and potatoes

could be increased 33 percent or more; barley, oats,

and tobacco by approximately 25 percent; and com

silage by 10 percent.

In addition to the present and future prominence

of commercial fertilizers in the region, it is important to recognize that on dairy, livestock, and

poultry farms, a large amount of the plant nutrients comes from manure. More efficient and

effective use of manure would benefit crop production

and reduce somewhat the dependence upon fertilizers. At present, large amoimts of poultry manure

high in nutrients are wasted each year because of

problems in transporting and handling. Also, a

high percentage of the nutrients are lost from dairy

manures through improper management and loss

of the liquid fraction.

Data for the various crops by individual States are

given in tables 68 through 92 (pp. 48 to 61).
FERTILIZEK USE AND CROP YIELDS 13

WESTERN STATES

(Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, California, Arizona, and New Mexico)

By JOHN P. CONRAD

Work Group Representative for the Western States, and Professor of Agronomy and Agronomist, College of Agriculture

and Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of California

CONSUMPTION DATA

In the 11 Western States, which comprise about

one-third of the land area of the continental United

States, past geological forces have produced much

sharper relief than in other regions of the country.

Many of the mountains are higher and more rugged

and the valleys and canyons deeper. In consequence,

climate may change abruptly from place to place,

brought about in part by the resulting differences in

elevation as well as by the particular configuration

of the hiUs and mountains themselves. High mountain valleys may be subject to frost any month of

the year, while other locations have frosts only in

occasional years. Along the Pacific Ocean summer

temperatures are usually cool because of fogs, while

beyond the Coast Range in the interior the temperatures may be 30° to 40° F. higher. Winters in

the interior are usually colder than on the coast.

Rainfall varies from 2 inches to more than 100 inches

per year, coming mainly in the winter.

Along with the great variations in climate, the

fertility of the soil varies markedly within short

distances, often in the same orchard, pasture, or

field. As a result of the geological formations exposed to weathering and erosion, the parent materials of the western soils vary widely. Differences in

the duration of weathering, in topography, and in

plant cover (together with other biological factors)

in addition to the variations in climate have produced

soils showing marked differences in pH, in the presence of alkali, salines, or other toxic substances and

in the relative ability of each soil to furnish nutrients

to the crops being grown. As a whole, sous in the

Western States are deeper, are less leached during

development, and have been farmed for a shorter

time than soils elsewhere. In consequence, the depletion of their virgin fertility, except for nitrogen,

has usually not progressed as far as elsewhere, nor

has this depletion been uniform. Local areas do

occur, however, where deficiencies are just as acute

as anywhere else.

Throughout the West, droughts of about 6 months'

duration are usual. Many areas are desert. Before

irrigation, moisture rather than plant nutrients was, in

general, the most deficient factor in crop production.

Irrigation development during the last 100 years

has gradually brought intensive production to important segments of the region. Typically, part of a

valley may have been irrigated early. Subsequently

and progressively, other areas within the valley

may have become irrigated. In some sections at

least, moisture had been the hmiting factor and

from a fertility standpoint these lands were almost

virgin at the start of irrigating. Other lands when

first irrigated have, however, shown signs of nutrient

deficiencies from the start.

With the completion of the transcontinental railroads and the realization that many areas of the

West could produce fruits and vegetables of good

quality ^*out of season'' suitable for shipment to the

eastern markets, there has been a marked increase

in acreages planted to these crops—^first in citrus,

then in deciduous fruit, and somewhat later in

vegetables.

Historically, growers of these crops with their

high per-acre gross returns have applied adequate to

more-than-adequate amounts of fertilizers to obtain

reasonable responses in yield and quality of product.

As a result, the use of nitrogen except on the most

fertile soils has become widespread with these crops.

However, experimentation, aided by visual deficiency symptoms and at times by laboratory tests,

has demonstrated that many local areas need one

or more of the following elements to give crop

responses: Zinc, phosphorus, potassium, boron,

manganese, copper, iron, and magnesium. In fact,

the application of zinc in California and in the

Columbia Basin is second only to nitrogen in supplying nutrients to increase yields of certain crops.

At present, there is a large acreage used for small

grains, including wheat, barley, and oats, that is

usually dry-farmed by planting in the fall and winter

and where the period of growth normally extends into

the dry summers. These crops have generally been

grown by the fallowing system of 1 year (or more

accurately a summer) of cultivated fallow followed

by the planted small grains the next year. Recently,

in some areas other crops, including legumes, have

been planted "on the fallow." Irrigated rice as a

summer crop is locally important in California.

In recent years cotton, mostly under irrigation,

has become an important crop, especially in Arizona,

California, and New Mexico. The staple crops—

corn, sugar beets, dry beans, and peas—are generally

irrigated. In many States seed crops and mint,

hops, and other specialty crops are being produced.

Hay and pasture—both irrigated and nonirrigated—

are important.

Historically, growers of these field crops have

depended largely on the original fertility of the soil.

As dry farmed grain yields progressively declined,

intervening pasture or fallow for one or more years

was used. The virgin nitrogen supply was aug-
14 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 10.—Estimates of quantities of commercial plant nutrients used in Western States in 1950 and those

needed for level of production attainable in 1955^

State

1950 1955 attainable

N P2O5 K2O N P2O5 K2O

Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons

1,943 4,370 45 4,676 9,930 90

9,006 20, 760 555 14, 950 26, 276 555

386 1,752 0 2,320 3,839 0

2,432 6,350 0 6,116 10, 271 0

2,208 4,048 40 7,490 8,663 40

18, 068 8,779 2,185 27, 245 13, 115 2,185

2,286 2,453 0 4,893 4,339 0

131 550 0 876 2,476 0

8,839 9,743 3,443 23, 328 12, 733 3,988

15, 783 10, 594 2,557 27, 018 15, 556 4,659

125, 653 59, 867 12, 216 171, 985 101, 509 13,379

186, 735 129, 266 21, 041 290, 897 208, 707 24, 896

Montana

Idaho

Wyoming

Colorado

New Mexico

Arizona

Utah

Nevada

Washington.

Oregon

Calfiornia..-

Total.

* Estimates of quantities of commercial plant nutrients used in 1950 and of those needed for level and pattern of production

attainable in 1955. U. S. Dept. Agr. Jan. 31, 1952. [Processed.]

mented by leguminous crops. Under irrigation

alfalfa and other legumes in the rotation were generally depended on to maintain the nitrogen supply,

and applications of non-nitrogenous fertilizers were

added as deemed necessary to keep the legumes in

relatively high production. Carriers of sulfur,

phosphorus, potassium, boron, and other nutrients

have been used at various times and places in this

program.

Fertilizer consumption in the West always has

remained considerably below that of the other

regions. Consumption, however, has been increasing rapidly since the late 1930's, particularly for

nitrogen and phosphate. State consumption of

fertilizer depends on the acreage of farmlands within

the State and the intensity and type of agriculture

practiced. California, with more than 5 million

acres of irrigated land, traditionally has been the

big user, consuming approximately 59percent of all

of the fertilizer nutrients in the West in 1950.

Idaho, Arizona, and Oregon each consumed approximately 9 percent; Washington, 6 percent; Colorado,

Montana, and New Mexico, each 2 percent; Utah, 1

percent; and Wyoming and Nevada, each less than

1 percent.

For the West as a whole, nitrogen consumption

is about double that of phosphate. Considerably

more nitrogen than phosphate is used in California,

Arizona, and Oregon; about an equal amount in

Utah and Washington. However, considerably more

phosphate than nitrogen is used in Idaho, Montana,

Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and Nevada.

Potash consumption is low and limited largely to

Cahfornia, Oregon, Washington, and Arizona.

Highest per-acre use of fertilizers is on the highcash crops, such as cotton, sugar beets, potatoes,

fruits and nuts, vegetables, rice, and seed and

specialty crops (table 11). Grains, hay, and dry

beans and peas receive the least.

The pattern of nutrient consumption as mixed

fertilizers and as straight materials in the West

differs considerably from the other regions. Only

about 25 percent of the total consumption of nutrients is in the form of mixtures, as compared with

75 percent in the other States.

TABLE 11.—Planted acreage and average use of iV,

P2O6, and K2O for major crops in the Western

States during 1950

Crops

Corn grain

Wheat

Barley

Oats

Sorghum grain

Rice

Cotton

Sugar beets

Potatoes

Dry beans and peas

Fruits and nuts

Seed and specialty crops.

Vegetables

Hay

Pasture and cover crops _

Total

acreage

1,000

acres

723

14, 575

5,331

2,092

214

250

1,062

665

454

647

1,897

521

1,029

8,772

3,526

Nutrients

N

Lb./acre

4

1

5

1

10

31

50

45

44

3

58

37

54

1

5

P2O6

Lb./acre

4

.7

1

1

5

. 1

14

38

34

4

11

11

42

8

8

K2O

Lbjacre

2

.07

.1

.07

3

.004

.5

4

10

5

3

19

.2

.5
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 15

OPPORTUNITIES FOR MORE EFFICIENT FERTLIZER USE

Scrutiny of the data in tables 93 to 115 (pp. 62

to 75) shows some possibilities for expansion of

fertilizer consumption and, to a lesser extent, for

increasing the eflBiciency of its use. No blanket

statements relating responses to rates of application

of a fertilizer may be made that will be applicable

to all lands in a given crop on a regional basis.

Local areas within the region have possibilities of

substantial increases from the use of appropriate

fertilizers on field crops. In general, the nutrient

needs of the high-costs-per-acre vegetable, fruit, and

nut crops are being adequately met, or nearly so,

though in some areas there are undoubted opportunities for some substantial increases with these

crops.

Not all nonlegume crops respond to nitrogen on

all soils, but nitrogen deficiencies are very general

over the West. Substantial percentage increases

from applications of nitrogen on corn, cotton, hay,

small grains, and sugar beets can be made in various

areas throughout the West. Phosphorous deficiencies are not universal, but, where encountered, may

be acute.

Various hay and pasture legumes may show substantial response to phosphorus in certain areas

within the Western States. Other crops such as

hay- and pasture-nonlegumes, vegetables, potatoes,

and cotton may need adequate nitrogen before these

crops will give maximum responses to phosphate

applications.

Potash-deficient areas are infrequently found,

but when encountered may be as serious for many

crops as any other nutrient deficiency.

CROP RESPONSE TABLES

(Nos. 12-115)
16 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SOUTHERN STATES

TABLE 12.—Corn grain in the southern region: Estimated average yield (fiiishels per acre) from given application rate of N, P2OS,

and KiO^ 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates

(pounds per acre) Va. N.C. S. C. Qa. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. La. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 94

86

70

62

40

34

26

48

74

74

64

48

38

30

20

30

74

74

74

60

45

35

25

33

74

74

65

60

50

45

40

43

89

120 92

76

62

37

28

19

37

74

61

48

40

33

26

40

60

55

49

36

25

16

29

60

55

49

42

38

34

35

72

68

62

48

36

29

20

30

67

65

62

57

61

47

42

45

9Ö"

72

62

56

52

66

63

65

40

30

23

14

27

76

62

45

34

29

24

39

76

65

49

35

29

22

34

74

62

46

36

31

26

34

71

80 IV

42

38

32

41

68

60

42

37

33

34

63

40 60

20 40

10 33

0 26

Average use (cf. table 13) 37

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 72

120 74

68

60

55

62

49

57

95

94

90

83

80

76

85

90

90

90

86

76

72

68

76

65

56

46

34

28

22

34

4Ô"

31

22

16

9

19

76

80 57

65

62

60

48

60

52

46

44

42

40

41

52

46

42

40

38

38

68

40 68

62

58

62

62

61

56

54

51

62

56'

61

45

48

62

67

65

62

63

65

20 48

10 44

0 39

Average use (cf. table 13) _— 45

Potash rate:

160 78

120 77

80 - - 68

60

54

60

45

62

46

32

20

13

8

14

62

60

68

66

55

56

65

54

53

61

48

61

62

40 70

62

58

64

63

75

72

70

69

70

62*

43

31

37

80

74

72

68

69

49

48

48

47

47

49

48

48

47

47

68

20 53

10 49

0. 46

Average use (cf. table 13).. 49

TABLE 13.—Corn grain in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of N, P2O6, and K%Oj 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Va. N.C. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. La. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

j and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage do...

Total production 1,000 bushels.

Average yield. bushels per acre.

Do percent of potential.

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with N...percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+50-

+25

+10—

0, average use

-26*1I"""""""I"II"I"""""""!

—10Ô, no application...

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use... short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6.percent.

1,128

1,053

51,597

49

63

2,214

2,149

79,513

37

39

1,452

1,403

32,269

23

31

3,600

3,049

50,308

16

27

719

491

,874

14

19

2,396

2,087

77,219

37

61

2,153

2,072

70,448

34

38

2,845

2,643

59,468

22

32

2,357

2,220

68,830

26

35

1,418

1,394

37,638

27

866

830

19,090

23

29

1,334

1,239

30,975

25

48

3,174

3,070

64,470

21

25,556

23,700

638,699

27

37

11,640

21

38,709

36

76

15,028

21

90

25,270

14

95

3,595

10

40

3,176

3

26

7,480

7

72

25,490

18

92

34,891

30

80

12,762

18

60

7,126

16

75

1,940

3

3,995

2

10

191,102

15

65

Predicted percent change in yield with change In N fertilizer rate

+80

+47

+24

+11

+4

0

-4

-11

-24

-44

+68

+36

+19

+12

+4

0

-4

-8

-21

-46

+40

+20

+10

+7+5

0

-5

-10

-17

-38

+48

+34

+21

+12 +4

0

-9

-14

-28

-64

+47

+27

+13+7

+6

0

-2

-8

-13

-33

+5

+2

+1

+.8

+.2

0

-.3

-.9

-2

-4

+12

+6

+3

+2

+1

0

-.4

-1

-3

-6

+75

+45

+25

+18

+11

0

-3

-7

-16

+68

+39

+19

+10+4

0

-4

-9

-20

-39

+67

+37

+16+9

+1

0

-4

-10

-16

-33

+47

+24

+11+6+3

0

-5

-11

-23

+9

+6

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.6

-1

-3

-4

+6

+4

+3

+1

+.2

0

-.6

-1

-2

-3

+42

+25

+13

+8+3

0

-3

-7

-14

-29

19,400

34

29,453

27

76

13,721

19

90

;,600

15

95

2,876

8

40

15,000

12

42

12,240

11

72

25,605

18

92

6,658

6

80

4,254

6

60

1,900

4

75

2,910

4

36

,184

2

10

162,801

13

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100. -

+50..

+25

+10

0, average use

-25i"i"!!"""ii"iiiiii'iiiiii"""";

—10Ó, no application

Potash:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with KsO.percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+60...

+26

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

+23

+14

+7

+4

+1

0

-1

-4

-8

-16

+9

+6

+5

+2

+1

0

-1

-2

-7

-13

+62

+32

+14

+6

+3

0

-3

-8

-17

-37

+74

+41

+27

+18+8

0

-3

-9

-24

-53

+45

+27

+12+6+2

0

-2

-6

-12

-24

+55

+33

+17+8

+5

0

-3

-7

-15

-33

+7

+3

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.4

-1

-2

-3

+10

+10 +6

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-7

-16

+5

+2

+1

+.7

+.3

0

-.2

-.4

-1

-3

+12

+6

+3

+1

+.6

0

-2"

-4

-7

+4

+2

+.5

+.3

+.1

0

-.2

-2

-2

-3

+1

+1

+.7

+.4

+.2

0

-.2

-.5

-.9

-2

+2

+1

+.6

+.2

+.1

0

-.3

-.6

-.8

-1

+25

+15

+8

+5+2

0

-1

-4

-8

-18

12,125

22

21,879

20

76

^801

14

90

19, 950

11

95

2,157

6

40

7,300

6

30

,160

8

72

14,225

10

92

4,715

4

80

3,829

6

900

2

76

1,212

2

786 107,039 >,

9

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+12 +12 +16 +107 +16 +12 +4 +6 +1 +28 +1 +1 +0.2

+11 +8 +10 +67 +9 +6 +2 +4 +.7 +13 +.8 +.9 +.06

+6 +4 +6 +31 +4 +3 +.9 +2 +.4 +7 +.5 +.6 +.04

+3 +2 +2 +24 +2 +2 +.5 +.7 +.2 +3 +.4 +.4 +.02

+21

+12+6+4
FERTILIZER ií'JÜUTlJjiZiJíiJtt USE UÖJÜ AND AJNJJ CROP fJJlUJ:' YIELDS xx^ju^«

TABLE 14.—Sorghum grain in the southern region: Estimated average yield {bushels per acre) from given application

P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

17

rate of N,

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) N. C. S. C. Ga. Tenn. Ala. Tex.

Weighted

average for

States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 -

120 75

68

55

42

32

21

68

76

80 - 68

40 80

71

64

62

68

86

76

66

62

64

55

63

48

42

62

32

28

25

22

22

33

20 62

40

22

32

29

10 26

0 22

Average use (of. table 15) 33

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

120

80 "' 79

71

66

43

29

62

79

40 97

93

88

81

92

89

88

84

80

84

78

67

68

48

68

66

66

63

61

64

29

28

27

26

26

30

20 29

10 _ 28

0 - 27

Average use (cf. table 15).. 27

Potash rate:

160

120 _

80

40..._ _ _ 46

41

38

32

41

69

63

66

46

66

99

96

93

86

91

80

83

80

73

82

64

63

62

60

62

28

27

26

25

25

29

20 _.._ 28

10 27

0 26

Average use (cf. table 15) _ 26

TABLE 15.—Sorghum grain in the southern min regiont,: ti^siimaiea percentage cnange m yieia resuw

average application rate of iV, P2Ö6, and K^O, 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use N. C. S. C. Ga. Tenn. Ala. Tex.

Weighted

average for

States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage

Harvested acreage, 1,000 acres:

Grain _

-1,000 acres.. 49

29

25

8

2

18

6

34

152

10

27

318

19

5

2

63

20

42 34 77

44

6

25

13

87

946

35

36

868

22

7

1

66

39

7,968

6,474

79

1,687

4

8,244

148,818

364

2,271

200

23

6

1

60

72

8,186

6,665

Silage 5

25

12

42

7

21

0

37

98

Forage .... 16

10

66

870

1,792

Sirup 64

Total 8,499

Total production:

Grain. _ 1,000 bushels.-

1,000 tons..

160,786

Süage _ 25

34

672

52

44

640

486

Forage

Sirup_...

Average yield:

- do.-..

1,000 gallons--

bushels per acre..

tons per acre..

35

720

30

2,446

3,308

23

Süage _ 5

1

66

8

2

60

6

Forage do 2

72

38

1

Sirup

Average yield _

gallons per acre..

-.percent of potential-.

61

72

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons-- 1,098

45

80

80

6

80

100

6

60

132

8

65

682

18

99

79

.02

1

2,171

Average use pounds per acre.. .6

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.. 3

Change in application rate, percent: Predicted percent change in yield witl1 change in N fertilizer rate

-1-200 +30

+23

+14

+9

--4

0

-3

-9

-24

-63

+67

+31

+17

+8

+?

-3

-8

-16

-31

+19

+10

+4

+3

+.8

0

-.9

-3

-6

-10

+26

+14

+7

+4

+2

0

-2

-4

-9

-18

+0.04

+.03

+.014

+.004

0

0

Î

-1-0.6

+100 ... t1V

-1

-4

-8

-19

+.4

+50 _ +.2

+25...: :..:: ::::::::..::::::::::: :...: : +.1

+10 :: :.:.::::::::..:..: +.05

0, average use 0

—10. . _ . -.06

-25 -.1 1

-50 _ -.31

—100. no aoDlication _ -.8'

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.. 627

26

80

200

16

80

200

10

60

396

23

65

693

18

99

395

.1

1

2,511

Average use pounds per acre.. .6

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6- percent.. 3

Change in application rate, percent:

-1-200

Predicted percent change iia yield with change in P2O5 fertilizer rate

+27

--24

--14

n

-3

-11

-24

-63

+6

--4

--3

+2

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-12

+4

tí

+1

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-2

-6

+14

+16

+12

+8

+4

0

-2

-5

-13

-30

+3

+3

ÍÍ

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-3

-8

+0.08

+.057

+.038

+.019

+.0038

0

-.019

-.038

-.057

-.08

+0.4

+100 _ +.3

+50 — +.2

+25 . +.1

+10 +.05

0. average use _ -- 0

-10 -.06

—25 -.2

—60 -.3

—100. no annlicatlon -.7

Potash:

Total u«?e short tons.. 470

19

80

120

10

80

160

7

60

264

16

65

386

10

99

39

.01

1

1,428

Avôragô US6 --- --- - pounds per acre.. .3

Planted acreage'fertilized with KaO percent.. 3

Change in application rate, percent:

A.onn

Predicted perc ent change i Q yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+21

+4

+6 -6

-.7

+1

+2

+4

+2

+.9

+.6

+0.036

+.024

+.016

+.008

+0.2

_|_100 -- - +11 +.2

+7

+3

+.1

4-25 +.06
18 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 16.—Wheat in the southern region: Estimated average yield (hiisheU per acre) from given application rate of N, PTP^^ and

K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds

per acre) Va. N. 0. S.O. Qa. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120

80 36

29

23

19

15

20

33

27

19

15

11

19

36

40 37

28

21

14

25

24

17

13

7

18

30

25

21

17

19

28

25

22

17

18

31

26

22

17

21

26

21

16

11

28

36

29

20

12

29

32

27

23

16

16

27

23

21

18

18

30

20 _ 25

10 22

0 16

Average use (cf. table 17)

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

17

120 28

28

18

12

8

3

15

28

80 28

24

17

13

9

20

28

40 24

19

13

10

18

20

17

16

12

16

30

30

28

27

29

26

22

19

15

22

33

31

28

24

31

41

36

27

16

41

35

25

20

15

16

24

24

23

21

21

29

20 22

10 - 20

0 17

Average use (cf. table 17)

Potash rate:

160

19

120 29

28

27

26

24

20

24

29

80 29

27

23

21

19

23

28

40 15

13

12

11

13

23

21

18

15

20

33

33

31

29

31

26

28

27

24

27

34

33

31

29

31

41

38

33

20

38

24

20 23

10 21

0 19

Average use (cf. table 17) 22

TABLE 17.—Wheat in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of N, P2O6, and K^O^ 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Va. N. C. S.O. Ga. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage do—.

Total production __1,000 bushels.

Average yield bushels per acre.

Do percent of potential.

Nitrogen:

Total use... short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 _

+100

+50

+25

+10

0, average use _

-10

-6oi"iiiiiiiiii"iiiiii"iiiiii'iii"iiii""";

—100, no application

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use _ short tons.

Average use_ pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with PaOs .percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+60 _

+25

+10

0, average use.—

-10

-25

-50

—100, no application

Potash:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with KjO percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+60

+25

+10

0, average use

451

425

7,862

18

60

471

375

5,438

14

161

156

2,184

14

68

172

162

1,900

12

36

420

260

3,900

16

62

294

270

3,375

12

13

12

180

15

44

11

6

126

21

75

19

19

285

15

6,117

4,846

43,614

9

26

6,235

2,839

22,712

8

30

14,364

9,360

91,676

10

31

2,842

13

90

3,393

14

80

1,759

22

95

652

6

80

665

3

1,050

7

76

130

20

98

300

64

96

190

20

100

650

11*

.2

1,029

.3

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+41

+23

+12

+6

+2

0

-4

-6

-13

-26

+51

+24

+15

+7

+5

0

-7

-9

-17

-46

+63

+37

+19

+10

+4

0

-5

-14

-29

-59

+26

+15

+10

+4

+2

0

-3

-5

-7

-14

+10

+5

+3

+2

+1

0

-1

-3

-4

-8

+16

+8

+2

+.9

+.5

0

-6

-8

-16

+63

+39

+22

+11

+4

0

-2

-8

-22

-40

+.6

+.9

0

-4

-8

-14

-62

+39

+27

+15

+9

+6

0

-6

-17

-31

-67

+3

+3

+1

+.7

+.3

0

-.3

-.7

-1

-3

+2

+1

+.6

--.2

--.1

0

-0

-.6

-1

-3

12,450

2

15

+7

"4

--2

+1

+.5

0

-.7

-2

-3

1,090

27

90

4,524

19

1,377

17

95

1,104

13

80

6,666

31

54

2,550

17

75

130

20

380

40

100

7,150

2

11

623

.2

Predicted percent change tn yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

+42

--33

--20

--10

+4

0

-5

-14

-26

-66

4,060

18

90

+41

+28

+17+9+4

0

-5

-13

-24

-45

2,545

11

80

+31

+22

+10

+6

+4

0

-2

-6

-11

-30

1,377

17

95

+3

+4

+3

+2

+.7

0

-.7

-1

-2

-7

833

10

80

+86

+65

+37

+17

+7

0

-7

-19

-33

-84

1,764

8

28

+24

+16

+8

+3

+.9

0

-1

-8

-15

-31

1,600

10

76

+8

+6

+6

+2

+1

0

-1

-4

-9

-20

78

12

+3

+3

+.6

0

-.8

-6

-14

-69

190

20

100

+13

+7

+3

+.9

+.3

0

-2

-3

-4

-8

+1

+.9

+.4

+.1

0

-.1

-1

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+22

+13

+7

+3

+2

0

30,493

4

16

+12

+8

+4

+2

+.7

0

-1

-3

-5

-11

12,347

12

72

+12

+7

0

+12

+9

+7

+4

+2

0

+5

+4

+2

+.9

+.6

0

+12

+3

+1

+.8 +.4

0

+5

+7

+2

+1

0

+8

+5

+3

+2

+.6

0

.—-— n 0 0

+12

+7

+4

+2

+1

0
TABLE

FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 19

18.—Rye in the southern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, P^Oi^ and

K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Va. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 -

120 -

80 - _ 43

31

24

20

16

17

43

40 48

36

29

20

22

31

26

22

18

20

31

26

22

18

19

30

26

22

18

19

34

28

23

18

20

33

20 - - 27

10 22

0 18

Average use (cf. table 19)._ 19

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

120— - 30

30

18

12

8

2

16

30

80 29

26

19

14

9

12

30

40 - - ___ 30

26

23

20

21

31

31

30

28

30

31

31

30

28

29

28

23

20

17

20

25

26

24

22

24

25

20 20

10 16

0 _ 12

Average use (cf. table 19) _. 18

Potash rate:

160

120

80 - 31

28

25

22

20

21

23

40 - 23

21

19

17

18

38

35

33

30

32

35

35

33

30

31

30

29

27

25

27

28

31

29

26

28

29

20 - 28

10 - 26

0 - 24

Average use (cf. table 19) 25

TABLE 19.-r-Rye in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of N, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Va. S. C. Ga. Fia. Ky. Tenn. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage _

Harvested acreage

Total production

1,000 acres..

—do-..

..1,000 bushels..

136

26

390

15

35

32

9

90

10

21

20

4

44

11

30

10 136

21

242

12

40

140

22

220

10

29

32

28

196

7

28

506

110

1,182

Average yield _.

Do

bushels per acre..

percent of potential..

11

32

Nitrogen:

Total ii«5fi short tons.-

pounds per acre..

percent..

135

2

20

38

2

30

48

5

60

8

2

10

180

3

26

243

4

74

652

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with N.._.

6

40

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

j-9/in +8

+4

+2

+1

+.6

0

-1

-2

-4

-6

+19

+10

+6

0

-1

-3

-5

-9

+23

+13

+7

+4

+2

0

-1

-4

-7

-9

+7

+3

+3

+1

+.4

0

-.4

-2

-5

-6

+10

+6

+2

+1

+.6

0

-1

-3

-5

-6

+18

+9

+4

+2

+.6

0

-1

-2

-5

-9

+13

+100 +7

4-60 +3

+25 +1

+10 +.6

0, average use . ... 0 0

-10 -1

—25 -2

—50 -5

—100. no aDDÜcation -7

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with PaO«

short tons..

pounds per acre..

percent..

405

6

20

53

3

30

96

10

60

8

2

10

2,126

31

54

729

10

74

160

10

60

3,577

14

48

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O5 fertilizer rate

+41

+21

+10

+7

+2

0

-3

-7

-12

-27

+8

+5

+2

+1

+.6

0

-1

-2

-3

-5

+4

+3

+2

+.6

+.3

0

-.7

-2

-4

-8

+2

+.9

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.7

-.9

+84

+65

+36

*n

-7

-17

-37

-84

+33

+16

+9

+5

+2

0

-2

-4

-8

-18

+6

+6

+3

+.9

+.3

0

-.4

-1

-3

-7

+44

+100 —- — --28

+50 --16

+25 - +8

+10 --- +3

0 averasre use 0

-10 -3

—25 -8

—50 -- -16

—100, no application.-- -36

Potash:

Total use short tons.. 270

4

20

53

3

30

72

7

60

6

1

10

572

8

28

486

7

74

1,459

pounds per acre.. 6

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O. percent.. 40

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

j_onn H

-

H

H

h8

-4

-2

hl

+9

+6

+2

+1

+.3

0

-.6

-1

-2

+7

+5

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.4

-2

-2

+2

+.9

+.7

+.5

+.3

0

-.3

-.7

-2

+10

XI

+2

+.7

0

-.4

-1

-3

+10

+6

+3

+1

+.5

0

-.6

-2

-3

+9

«_ioo +5

+50 _ - +3

+25 - +1

4_in +.2

0

-.4

-1

-2

+.4

0 0

1Q _ — 5

25 —1

-fin - -3
20 AGKICULTUEE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 20.—Barley in the southern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of AT, P2O6, and

K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Va. N. C. S. C. Ga. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Ark. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 __

120 _.__ _

80 . .. 46

36

29

24

19

27

42

33

24

20

14

24

46

40 _ _ 46

35

27

18

31

30

21

16

10

26

37

31

27

21

26

35

30

27

21

23

40

32

27

22

27

46

34

25

14

29

34

29

26

23

23

36

20 _ _ 30

10 26

0 21

Average use (cf. table 21) _ 25

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 _

120 35

34

23

14

9

3

19

35

80 35

29

23

17

10

27

34

40 30

23

18

12

23

35

35

34

32

35

37

37

35

33

36

33

28

24

20

28

41

38

35

30

38

51

44

33

22

46

30

30

28

26

26

30

26

22

20

10 _

0 17

Average use (cf. table 21) 26 Potash rate:

160

120 _ _

80 36

32

29

26

24

29

36 40 29

24

21

19

23

41

40

39

36

39

35

33

31

28

28

33

35

33

30

34

43

41

38

34

38

61

48

41

25

41

33

32

29

27

30

20

10

0.-

Average use (cf. table 21)..

TABLE 21.—Barley in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rafe of iV, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acresHarvested acreage.- do...

Total production _ 1,000 bushels.

Average yield bushels per acreDo percent of potential.

Nitrogen:

Total use .short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+50

+25

+10-..

0, average use..

-10

-25

-50 ;

—100, no application

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use ..short tons.

Average use.. ...pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with P2O6- percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100 " " "

+50

+25 _

+10 _ :::::::::::::::::::::::

0, average use ._

-10 .

-25 " "

-60 III""!""!.""-]^!""""

—100, no application _

Va.

103

95

2,898

30

66

882

17

95

N. C.

306

14

80

s. c.

26

22

440

20

57

370

28

95

Ga.

5

110

22

54

24

8

100

Ky.

63

,480

23

118

3

26

Tenn.

87

66

1,221

18

45

350

8

95

Ala. Ark. Tex.

172

133

1,729

13

28

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

427

8,890

21

52

2,131

8

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+46

+25

+14

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-14

-31

Potash:

Total use _ _ short tons.

Average use ..pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with K2O percent

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100 "

+50

+25_. ::::::::::::

+10 _

0, average use .,

-10

-25

-50 '".".'.'.'.

— inn Tío orkT-»H/»Qtir.-n

1,764'

34

95"

+55

+30

+15

+7

+3

0

-6

-12

-20

-42

408

19

80

+18

+8

+2

0

-11

-14

-30

-61

247

19

95

+28

+14

+8

+4

+1

0

-2

-5

-9

-16

48

16

100

+11

+6

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.6

-1

-3

-7

,391

31

64

+27

+14

+6

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-9

-19

850

20

95

+60

+36

+19

+8

+2

0

-3

-9

-20

-42

+64

+41

+24

+14

+5

0

-4

-12

-22

-62

+2

+2

+1

+.8

+.4

0

-.5

-.9

-1

-2

17

+27

+26

+16

+8

+3

0

-4

-11

-25

1,176

23

96

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PjOs fertilizer rate

+22

+12

+7

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-8

-18

4,793

18

+40

+27

+16

+8

+3

0

-6

-12

-22

-47

+0.3

+.3

+.3

+.3

0

-.6

-1

-2

-7

247

19

96

+0.5

+.9

+2

+1

+.9

0

-.9

-2

-3

-8

12

100

+80

+61

+36

+18

+7

0

-7

-17

-37

-83

37

.1

28

+19

+18

+12

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-12

-27

500

11

96

+11

+8

+6

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-9

-20

+10

+10

+8

+6

+3

0

-4

-11

-24

-66

+2

+2

+.8

+.4

+.2

0

-.2

-.4

-.8

-2

+27

+21

+13

+6

+2

0

-3

-7

-15

-36

13

76

+22

+14

+8

+6

+2

0

-2

-5

-10

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+22

+12

+8

+2

0

-2

-3

-9

+6

+6

+3

+2

+.4

0

-.4

-2

-4

+2

+2

+1

+.7

+.4

0

-.2

-.4

-.5

-0.(

+4

+4

+2

+.(

0

-.(

-2

-6

+11

+7

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-5

+21

+16

+10

+5

+2

0

-3

-8

-19

+9

+8

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-3
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 21

TABLE 22.—Oats in the southern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, PzO^t and K2O,

1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates

(pounds per acre) Va. N. C. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. La. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120

80 65

41

35

31

29

34

61

50

36

28

22

36

68

40 70

52

40

27

46

47

36

26

16

35

65

46

40

32

37

65

46

40

31

36

62

46

40

32

35

69

46

41

32

37

48

39

32

23

42

68

62

38

22

44

48

35

28

20

36

59

60

42

28

28

51

43

39

34

35

54

20 44

10 37

0 28

Average use (of. table 23) 3Ô

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

120 63

62

36

22

14

4

29

63

80 - 52

44

33

25

16

41

62

40 60

56

54

50

54

65

56

63

49

64

56

56

62

60

62

49

41

36

30

38

62

67

62

46

67

76

66

60

31

69

64

52

44

33

36

48

36

29

22

24

46

44

42

39

40

61

20 42

10 38

0 36

Average use (cf. table 23) 42

Potash rate:

160

120 41

39

38

36

36

32

34

26

26

26

26

26

26

26

43"

41

40

38

38

28

80 - 64

49

43

39

36

44

31

40 - 66

46

38

32

38

61

60

67

63

67

61

60

58

63

65

49

62

60

44

48

64

61

67

51

57

"'.'..'.'.'.

77

72

61

38

72

50

46

44

38

40

47

20 - 44

10 _ 42

0 .- 38

Average use (of. table 23) 41

TABLE 23.—Oats in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of Nt P2O5, and K2OJ 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Va. N. C. S.C. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. La. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage - do

Total production 1,000 bushels._

196

160

5,200

32

58

615

402

11,869

30

43

768

678

18,984

28

47

816

597

16,119

27

44

123

16

288

18

30

187

118

2,832

24

45

325

239

6,976

26

42

263

168

4,108

26

41

302

249

7,719

31

64

221

212

6,264

30

39

71

71

1,952

27

42

1,146

838

14,665

18

30

1,806

1,386

27,027

20

39

6,727

5,124

122,982

Average yield _ . .bushels per acre-- 24

Do percent of potential.. 42

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.. 1,767

18

95

3,708

14

80

7,163

20

90

2,608

6

80

295

6

30

247

3

26

893

6

76

2,620

20

98

4,756

29

80

1,768

14

80

750

21

96

171

.3

10

694

.7

2

27,340

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N percent..

8

47

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 _ +36

+18

+9

+3

+1

0

-4

-10

-16

+56

+31

+16

+10

+4

0

-3

-10

-10

-31

+34

+17

+7

+2

0

-8

-16

-25

-64

+23

+13

+6

+4

+2

0

-2

-4

-7

-14

+18

+10

+4

+4

+1

0

-2

-4

-6

-13

+10

+6

+2

+1

V-.6

-2

-3

-6

+22

+11

+3

+1

+.6

0

-4

-6

-9

-14

+60

+38

+20

+10

+4

0

-3

-8

-18

-40

+23

+15

+9

+3

0

-4

-9

-18

-46

+57

+40

+26

+13

+4

0

-4

-12

-26

-62

+56

+37

+22

+11

+3

0

-4

-9

-19

-62

+3

+2

+2

+1

+.3

0

-.4

-1

-2

-3

+2

+2

+1

+.6

+.2

0

-.6

-.9

-1

-3

+19

+100 --

+14

+50 "7

+26 "4

+10 --1

0, average use 0

—10 -2

-25 -

-6

-50 -8

-100, no application --

-19

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.. 3,348

34

95

3,752

10

90

5,216

13

80

296

6

30

2,923

31

54

2,167

13

76

2,630

20

98

2,652

24

100

3

96

1,368

2

10

360

.4

2

24,811

Average use pounds per acre.. 8

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6 percent.. 1 80 43

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O5 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+28

+26

+17

+9

"t

-4

-16

-26

-62

Ö

+8

+4

+3

+2

+1

0

-.4

-2

-3

-7

+2

+3

+2

+.9

+.3

0

-.8

-2

-3

-8

+6

+2

+1

+.6

+.4

0

-.5

-.7

-1

-2

+78

+69

+33

+16

+6

0

-6

-18

-40

-87

+30

+15

+8

+6

+.7

0

-1

-8

-12

-21

+10

+8

+6

+4

+2

0

-2

-4

-9

-20

Ó

+13

+12

+9

+6

+2

0

-4

-11

-26

-65

+16

+8

+4

+1

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-4

-8

+13

+6

+3

+2

+.8

0

-.8

-2

-4

-6

+2

+1

+1

+.6

+.2

0

-.3

-.6

-.8

-1

+11

+100 - --

-7

+50 " '

"4

+25 --

"2

+10 +.9

0. averaee use 0

-10 " --

-1

—26 -3

-50

-100, no application - -

-6

-12

Potash: ^ ^ ^

Total use short tons.. 2,232

23

95

3,762

10

90

3,912

10

80

222

4

30

785

8

28

1,276

8

76

1,578

12

98

2,210

20

80

100

3

96

285

.6

10

18

.02

2

16,369

Average use ' ' pounds per acre.. 6

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent- 42

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

jL.o(\r\ +22

+13

+7

+4

+1

0 ñ

+30

+17

+10

+4

+2

n

+8

+6

+4

+3

+.3fl

+6

--3

--1

+.6

+.2

0

+7

+6

"3

--2

+.7

0

--4

--3

+2

0

+11

+7

--4

"3

--1

0

+7

+3

+1

+.9

+.4

0

+0.4

+.2

+.2

+.1

+.08

n

+1

+1

+.7

+.6

+.2

n

+8

J_100

Ó

+8

B0

+5

.^50 +3

4.0K - +2

+10 .7

n
22 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 24.—Soybeans in the southern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, PiO^^

and KiOf 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds

per acre) Va. N. 0. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. La.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120

80 .

40 32

32

32

30

32

32

32

32

30

32

32

32

32

30

32

23

22

21

20

20

27

27

26

24

27

28

28

28

26

28

31

31

31

29

31

30

20 30

10— 30

0 28

Average use (cf. table 25)

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160__ .

30

120 .. . - 27

26

22

19

18

15

23

27

80 _ 32

30

27

26

24

26

35

30

28

26

24

26

32

30

27

26

23

26

32

30

27

26

23

24

32

30

27

25

22

24

32

32

31

31

30

30

32

30

27

26

23

27

35

32

29

28

25

26

32"

30

29

27

28

33

40 32

32

31

30

31

31

20...- 29

10 28

0 26

Average use (cf. table 25)

Potash rate:

160...

27

120

80 32

30

28

26

25

27

32

30

28

26

25

28

37

30

28

26

24

27

37

30

28

26

24

25

27

25

23

22

20

25

32

31

30

29

28

28

32

32

31

31

30

30

37

30

28

26

24

26

32

32

32

32

31

31

32

32

31

31

30

30

33

40... 34

33

32

30

30

32

20 30

10 29

0 28

Average use (cf. table 25) 29

TABLE 25.- -Soybeans in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of N, P2O6, and K20y 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Va. N. C. B.C. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. La.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage... 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do

Total production 1,000 bushels

153

133

2,527

19

59

403

301

5,117

17

48

44

44

628

12

32

118

24

204

8

22

8 225

108

1,890

18

56

260

150

3,150

21

66

190

90

1,620

18

49

293

282

6,768

24

75

500

556

11,676

21

60

121

40

720

18

56

2,215

1,728

34,200

20

59

Average yield bushels per acre..

Do percent of potential..

Nitrogen:

Total use... _ short tons.. 46

.6

60

100

.6

50

26

1

60

142

2

60

96

24

100

200

2

18

180

1

40

790

Average use. pounds per acre.. 1

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.. 45

Predicted percent change in 3rield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+0.3

+.3

+.3

+.3

+.3

0

-.3

-1

-1

-8

0

0

0

0

0

0

-.7

-2

-5

-8

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-2

-8

+2

+2

+2

+.8

+.2

0

-.08

-.2

-.3

-.4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-.8

-1

-21

+0.7

+.7

+.7

+.7

+.3

0

-1

-2

-4

-6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-.4

-2

-6

+0 4

+100 + 4

+50 +4

+25 + 2

+10 +.1 0, average use 0 0 0 0 0

-10...... ::: :: — 5

-25 ._ —1

-50 -3

—100, no application -6

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons 1,150

15

60

2,814

14

60

317

14

60

284

5

60

200

60

100

984

9

35

540

4

40

816

18

99

470

3

16

1,500

6

30

214

4

28

9,289

Average use Dounds oer acre g

Planted acreage>rtilized with P2O6 percent. . 41

Predicted percent change in yield with change irI P2O5 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 :. +16

+9

+5

+2

+1

0

-.8

-2

-8

-10

+14

Î!

+.9

0

-1

-2

-5

-10

+15

+9

+5x\

0

-1

-2

-5

-11

+8

+4

+2

+1

+.6

0

-.5

-2

-3

-6

+16

+17

+10

+4

+2

0

-3

-8

-16

-35

+16

+8

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-2

-3

-7

+2

+2

0

0

-.1

-.2

-.9

-2

+lV

+10

+6

+3

+.6

0

-.9

-2

-6

-13

+0.8

+.4

+.2

+.1

+.05

0

-.1

-.3

-.7

-2

+10

+5

+3

+2

+.4

0

-.4

-2

-3

-5

+4

+3

+2

+1

+.7

0

-.4

-.8

-1

-2

+10

+5

+3

+2

+ 5

0

+100

+50..

+25

+10 .

0, average use

-10..-.. .:..::..: 6

-25 . 2

-60 3

—100, no application _ -6

Potash:

Total use short tons 920

12

60

3,216

16

60

317

14

60

213

4

60

160

40

100

180

2

18

360

3

40

442

10

99

235

2

16

450

2

30

57

.9

28

6,550

Average use Dounds ner acre

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent.. 39

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+11

+6

+4

+2

+.3

0

-.4

-2

-4

+14

+7

+3

+2

+1

0

-1

-3

-4

t

+2

+.9

0

-1

-3

-5

+6

+2

+.2

0

-.2

-.7

-2

+9

+5

+3

+2

0

-2

-4

-8

+2

?.,

+.3

0

-.4

-.8

-1

+2

+.9

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.6

+7

+6

+4

+2

+.8

0

-.8

-2

-3

+2t\

+.2

+.08

0

-.08

-.2

-.4

+2

+1

+.6

t.\

0

-.1

-.2

-.5

+0.9

+.5

+.3

+.1

+.04

0

-.04

-.1

-.3

+5

Î?

+ 9

+3

0

+100

+60

+25

+10

0, average use _

-10 4

-25_- 1

-50. -2
FEETILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 28

TABLE 26.—Peanuts in the southern region: Estimated average yield {pounds per acre) from given application rate of iV, P20ftt

and KiOj 1960 basis

Average fertUlzer rates (pounds per acre) Va. N. C. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ala. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120 -

80 -

40 - 1,720

1,690

1,650

1,600

1,610

1,650

1,630

1,675

1,430

1,430

1,320

1,290

1,216

1,100

1,160

1,400

1,337

1,278

1,226

1,249

1,200

1,150

1,100

1,000

1,013

880

810

745

650

660

886

843

760

659

706

1.270

20 1,219

10 1,167

0 - 1,075

Average use (of. table 27) __ 1,098

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

120

80 - 870

865

829

769

646

802

870

40 1,830

1,790

1,700

1,600

1,830

1,650

1,610

1,640

1,430

1,465

1,290

1,270

1.200

1,100

1,280

1,233

1,225

1,216

1,174

1,223

1,200

1,100

1,000

900

980

1,355

1,310

1,250

1,150

1,330

880

800

730

645

726

1,223

20 1,187

10 1,136

0 _ _ 1,055

Average use (cf. table 27) 1,166

Potash rate:

160

120 - 1,360

1,440

1,480

1,475

1,465

1,440

1,460

1,360

80 - - - 1,355

1,320

1,180

1,140

1,050

1,160

1,389

40 1,710

1,680

1,640

1,600

1,710

1,225

1,295

1,150

1,100

1,220

1,416

1,360

1,326

1,280

1,324

1,200

1,150

1,100

1,000

1,040

860

790

725

648

664

875

798

735

650

675

1,262

20 - 1,198

10. 1,156

0 1,091

Average use (cf. table 27) _ 1,139

TABLE 27.—Peanuts in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of AT, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Va. N. C. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ala. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage __do

Total production 1,000 pounds..

Avç,r?^gft 3nelf1 ^ ^ ponTiils per fti^ro

165

146

224,110

1,535

84

253

231

246,016

1,065

64

21

20

15,800

790

60

1,014

735

679,875

926

66

262

72

69,040

820

68

381

332

325,360

980

72

204

216

126,280

680

66

622

490

323,400

660

75

2,812

2,242

1,998,880

892

Do percent of potential.. 70

Nitrogen:

Total UPO sh^rt tons 310

4

80

9

.07

12

67

6

90

3,020

6

76

160

1

25

122

1

60

678

3

66

4,346

Average use .. _ pounds per acre. . 4

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.. 60

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+2

--1

+.6

0

-.1

-.3

-.9

-2

+0.2

+.1

+.07

+.04

+.02

0

0

0

0

0

+8

"4

--3

--2

--1

0

-.9

-2

-4

-6

+6

+3

+2

+.9

+.1

0

-.3

-.7

-2

-2

+2

+1

+.5

--.3

--.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.6

-1

il

-.3

--.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.7

-1

+6

+3

^'

-.8

-2

-4

-7

+4

+100 "2

+60 --1

+26 --.6

+10 +.1

0, average use 0 10

—10 -.3

-26 -.8

—60 -2

—100 DO aDDlIcation -3

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.. 3,100

40

80

180

1

12

340

32

90

6,080

12

75

750

6

25

4,672

24

98

976

10

60

4,068

16

65

20,066

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with PaOß percent..

14

65

Predicted percent change in yield with change In PaOs fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 +1

ti

+.06

0

-.07

-.4

-2

-2

+2

+1

+.9

+.5

+.3

0

-.3

-.7

-2

-4

+11

+6tl

+J

-.2

-1

-3

-6

+14 +8

-1

-4

-8

-19

+6

+100.. . — - +0.3

+.3

+.2

+.05

0

-.1

-.2

-2

-13

+0.6

+.4

+.3

+.2

0

-.4

-.8

-4

-13

+2

+2

Ï.8

0

-.8

-2

-6

-14

;

h8

-4

h2

+3

+50. --2

+25 --

--1

+10 +.6

0

-.7

-2

-5

-10

+.6

0, average use . . 0

-10 _. —- -.6

-25 - - --

-2

-60 --

-4

-100, no application -9

Potash:

Total use short tons.. 3,100

40

80

460

4

12

340

32

90

4,560

9

76

600

4

26

2,476

13

98

305

3

60

847

3

66

12,678

Average use ..pounds per acre.. J9

Planted acreage fertülzed with KaO percent.. 66

Predicted percent change in yield with change In KjO fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+1

+.6

+.2

+.1

+.06

0

-.1

-.4

+4

+3

Î1

0

-.4

-.4

Í5

+.8

0

-.4

-1

+14

+7

XI

+.9

0

-.9

-2

+8

+4

+2

+.9

+.4

0

-.4

-.8

+4

+2

V

-.8

-2

+7

+100 - +0.3

+.3

+.2

+.1

0

-.1

-.2

+0.08

+.08

+.3

+.08

0

-.4

-2

+50 +2

-j-25 - +1

+10 —- +.6

fl ftvftrac^fi use ____- - 0

—10 —.5

-25 -— -1
24 AGRICULTUEE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 28.—Lint cotton in the southern region: Estimated average yield {pounds per acre) from given application rate of iV, P2O6,

and KiOf 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds

per acre) Va. N.C. S.O. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. La. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 478

500

490

427

376

350

318

427

488

600

498

460

429

411

400

494

640

662

648

569

500

464

424

604

553

574

567

525

500

480

469

546

634

120 655

80 466

416

369

324

287

416

660

642

491

455

410

525

660

642

491

455

408

490

626

536

466

396

316

434

666

40 402

366

341

318

385

233

206

184

161

219

455

372

315

234

420

607

441

394

343

497

542

462

410

350

422

376

346

324

285

287

681

648

617

681

688

562

20 612

10 474

0 428

Average use (cf. table 29) . 493

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 660

120 455

425

350

304

278

250

371

502

80 537

608

480

465

430

508

640

506

476

455

429

477

472

460

438

408

357

464

489

40 333

332

328

317

332

205

199

192

175

201

465

441

424

410

434

669

643

534

525

628

399

360

315

280

308

312

301

285

261

264

665

647

629

609

611

531

20 511

10 493

0 472

Average use (cf. table 29) 497

Potash rate:

160

120 494

500

475

454

438

426

486

588

598

567

539

625

508

560

604

474

429

385

346

289

404

536

80 522

40 339

324

310

301

332

231

219

200

182

227

472

440

420

385

455

474

440

420

385

441

623

497

464

396

497

468

461

448

433

448

644

490

463

385

444

374

332

304

280

292

360

348

332

303

308

637

629

614

583

686

531

20 512

10 491

0 456

Average use (cf. table 29) 485

TABLE 29.—Lint cotton in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of iV, P2O5, and K2O, 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Va. N.C. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. La. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage do...

Total production 1,000,000 pounds.

Average yield pounds per acreDo percent of potentialNitrogen:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N percentChange 1Q application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+50

+26

+10 --

0, average use _

-10

-25

-60..

—100, no application

23

18

2

111

22

670

675

90

1376

57

876

866

202

234

46

1,052

1,030

244

237

31

193

90

14

15

6

400

78

650

615

204

332

1,330

1,305

288

220

42

2,085

2,030

666

328

65

1,686

1,670

645

326

58

775

730

213

292

47

1,060

795

121

162

40

7,000

6,700

1,473

219

32

17,142

16,379

6,040

255

45

460

40

99

6,099

21

100

17,325

40

16,043

30

100

471

29

98

210

30

86

6,270

19

90

19,940 39,319

38

92

10,116

12

60

6,000

16

76

1

21

6,400

2

16

128.313

15

54

Predicted 'percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+17

+16

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-12

-26

+23

+14

+8

+5

+1

0

-0.7

-4

-9

-16

+13

+8

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-23

-31

+11

+10

+6

+3

+.9

0

-1

-3

-9

-18

+14

+11

+6

+2

+.7

0

-3

-6

-13

-27

+8

+6

+4

+2

+1

0

-2

-4

-9

-23

+13

+9

+6

+3

+1

0

-2

-6

-9

-17

+20

+12

+7

+3

0

-4

-9

-18

-44

+8

+5

+2

0

-3

-6

-12

-31

+26

+14

+8

+3

+1

0

-1

-4

-9

-17

+30

+18

+11

+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-9

-27

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.4

-.6

-1

+1

+.6

+.3

+.2

+.05

0

-.2

-.3

-.6

-1

+9

+7

+5

+2

+.Í

0

-1

-3

-7

-14

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tonsAverageuse. pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with PaOs—percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200 ,

+100

+60

+25

+10

0, average use

-10

-26

-60.

—100, no application

805

70

99

15,676

66

100

20,790

48

99

19,462

37

100

471

29

98

280

40

6,840

21

27,930

42

15,344

15

92

5,058

6

60

2,900

8

76

,540

3

21

10,800

3

15

127,895

16

54

Predicted ¡percent change in yield with change in P2O5 fertilizer rate

+.4

+1

+1

+.4

0

-.8

-4

-9

-19

+2

+5

+4

+2

+1

0

-1

-4

-6

-15

+26

+21

+13

+8

+3

0

-3

-8

-15

-32

+.6

+.3

+.2

+.1

0

-.4

-.4

-1

-6

+2

+2

+.8

+.3

0

-.4

-5'

-14

+6

+4

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-16

+11

+6

+3

+1

+.6

0

-2

-3

-4

-10

+2

+2

+1

+1

+.5

0

-.8

-2

-6

-23

+5

+4

+2

+1

+.7

0

-1

-2

-3

+2

+2

+.7

+.6

+.2

0

-.1

-.3

-.4

-.7

+18

+10

+5

+2

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-10

+4

+2

+.

+.4

+.2

0

-.3

-.7

-1

-2

+2

+1

+.

+.2

+.1

0

-.2

-.3

-.6

-1

+5

+3

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.6

-1

-3

-7

Potash:

Total use short tons..

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with KjO..percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+60

+26 :.:::::::::::::"

+10

0, average use

-10 "

-26

675

60

10,203

36

100

11,694

27

14,728

28

100

471

29

210

30

6,840

21

90

13,300

20

99

10,649

10

92

6,727

8

1,900

5

76

660

1

21

2,700

0.7

15

80,557

9

54

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K3O fertilizer rate

+3

+3

+2

+.8

0

-1

+6

+6

+4

+2

+.

0

-1

o

+12

+9

+4

+2

0

-2

+4

+3

+2

+.6

0

-1

+4

+2

+.7

+.6

0

-2

+6

+6

+6

+3

+1

0

+9

+8

+4

+2

+1

0

-1

+5

+5

+3

+2

+.7

0

-.8

+4

+3

+2

+.9

+.4

0

-.4

+12

+7

+4

+2

+.<

0

-1

+8

+3

+2

+.9

+.3

0

-.3

+6 +1

--2 +.8

+.8 +.5

+.4 +.3

+.2 +.1

0 0

-.2 -.06

+4

+3

+2

0

-.5
FEKTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 25

TABLE 30.—Tobacco in the southern region: Estimated average yield (pounds per acre) from given application rate of N, P2O5,

and K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre)

Nitrogen rate:

160

120

80

40

20

10

0..

Average use (cf. table 31).

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

120

80

40

20

10

Average use (cf. table 31).

Potash rate:

160

120

80 -

40 -

20

10

0

Average use (cf. table 31).

Va.

1,050

930

830

700

930

1,160

1,050

940

850

715

1,140

1,040

1,040

990

920

870

800

1.000

N. C.

1,430

1,620

1,476

1,320

1,220

1,100

1,476

1,430

1,430

1,425

1,410

1,370

1,330

1,170

1,430

1,400

1,390

1,325

1,245

1,185

1,100

1,395

S. C.

1,400

1,265

1,150

990

1,400

1,350

1,340

1,310

1,280

1,190

1,340

1,450

1,420

1,340

1,250

1,200

1,125

1.430

Ga.

1,168

1,066

996

900

1,168

1,142

1,142

1,078

900

775

610

1,142

1,265

1,250

1,128

1,001

928

855

1.210

Fla.

1,170

1,068

1,000

900

1,210

1,149

1,139

1,076

950

801

600

1,145

1,263

1,240

1,127

1,000

938

850

1,259

Ky.

1,822

1,748

1,615

1,436

1,325

1,262

1,200

1,426

1,800

1,660

1,476

1,276

1,160

1,000

1,620

1,800

1,770

1,600

1,476

1,360

1,275

1,200

1,400

Tenn.

1,800

1,800

1,726

1,648

1,674

1,498

1,680

1,800

1,800

1,748

1,669

1,625

1,550

1,800

1,800

1,798

1,775

1,724

1,660

1,630

1,576

1,750

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

1,82.'2

1,666

1,576

1,418

1,288

1,200

1,095

1,403

1,430

1,642

1,459

1,388

1,291

1,220

1,076

1,424

1,800

1,482

1,446

1,348

1,264

1,193

1,116

1,377

TABLE 31.—Tobacco in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of AT", P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Va. N.C. s. c. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage.-

Harvested acreage

Total production

l,000acres_-

do_.__

1,000 pounds..

119

119

165,496

1,393

120

654

651

875,990

1,347

89

113

114

150,480

1,320

91

93

93

102,120

1,096

87

22

22

23,268

1,048

83

360

322

361,665

1,122

62

101

104

132,105

1,270

70

1,462

1,425

1,811,114

Average yield pounds per acre.. 1,271

Do .-percent of potential.. 84

Nitrogen:

Total use. -_short tons.- 1,160

20

98

12,970

40

100

2,316

41

100

1,864

40

100

663

60

100

7,056

39

98

1,344

27

98

27,373

Average use . pounds pftr anr« 37

Planted acreage fertilized with N -percent-_ 99

Predicted percent change in yield with changellnlN fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+18

+14

+8

XÍ

0

-2

-5

-11

-23

+3

+3

+4

+3

+1

0

-1

-4

-10

-25

+21

+12

+6

-2

-4

-7

-16

+8

+6

+4

+2

+1

0

-.7

-2

-4

-21

+10

J-Ï00 '" . . - ______ XI

+2

+.7

0

-2

-4

-9

-29

+2

+3

+2

+.8

0

-3

-4

-9

-22

+6

-f.50 +6

+25 "_"_ Till" — -1

+.9

0

-.9

-2

-7

-26

+3

+10 - +1

0. average use __ 0

—10 -2

—26 -4

—50 - - -9

^100 no aDDÜcation -22

Phosphoric oxido:

Total use short tons— 4,176

70

98

37,308

114

100

6,554

116

100

3,728

80

100

1,105

100

100

8,820

49

98

4,032

80

98

65,723

Average use pounds per acre-. 90

Planted acreage fertlüzed with PaOj.. percent- 99

Predicted percent change in yield with change In PJOô fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

_L9nn

4-1 nn +3

tl

+.8

0

-1

-4

-10

-37

+0.4

+.4

+.4

+.2

0

-.6

-1

-6

-46

+14

+8

+3

+2

0

-1

-4

-13

-33

+0.5

0

0

0

0

-.0

-1

-3

-14

+8

J_fiO

+.2

0

-.3

-.8

-3

-46

+6

J_25 0

0

0

0

-.1

-.7

-17

+1

4-10 0

0

0

0

-.2

-13

+.6

0. averaee use 0

-10 -.4

—2»; __ - -2

-60

-100, no application

-6

-24

Potash:

Total use -

short tons-_ 2,610

44

98

27,543

84

100

6,254

93

100

2,796

60

100

995

90

100

6,292

30

98

2,688

53

98

47,178

pounds per acre.. 64

Plantod acisago fertilized with K2O... -percent-. 99

Predicted percent change in yield with change hi K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent: +4

__4

"3

"2

+ 5

0

-1

-4

+21

+12

+8

+4

+1

0

-1

-3

+4

+3

+2

+1

+.8

0

-.3

-2

+14

+8

+3

+2

TMJU +4

+4

+2

+1

0

-2

-6

+0.3

+.3

+.3

0

-.4

-1

+.4

0

-.8

-2

+60 -— - - -

J_OK - +0.6

+.3

0

-.7

-4

_L10 _ +.6

0

10 -.7

oe —9
26 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 32.—Äice, flaxseed, and sugarcane in the southern region: Estimated average yield from given application rate of N, P2O5,

and K2OJ 1960 basis

Rice (bags per acre) Flaxseed

(bushels

per acre)

Sugarcane (tons per acre)

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre)

Ark. La. Tex.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Fla. La.

Weighted

average for

States reporting Tex.

Nitrogen rate:

160 46

46

46

46

46

34

22

28

46

46

46

40

33

28

20

31

46

38

29

18

12

7

3

31

46

120 - 46

80 -. 34

32

29

26

24

28

34

34

30

27

24

27

26

21

15

11

6

9

30

23

20

18

16

22

32

40 36

32

30

27

30

35

31

27

23

25

26

20 23

10 20 0 17

Average use (cf. table 33) 23

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 46

120 36

36

36

35

35

34

34

36

36

33

31

30

28

29

46

80 . — 46

40 30 31

28

26

23

26

34

32

31

30

30

18

16

14

12

14

20

18

17

16

16

20 __ 20

10 - 18

0 __ 16

18

46

38

29

Average use (cf. table 33) .

Potash rate:

160

120

80 - - -

40 _ -- 36

35

34

33

33

28

27

25

23

24

30

30

30

30

30

31

30

28

28

28

17

16

16

16

15

20

18

16

15

16

20

20 - 17

10 15

13

18

0

Average use (cf. table 33) - _. -

TABLE 33.- -Rice, flaxseed, and sugarcane in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or

decreases from average application rate of AT, P2O6, and 2^20, 1950 basis

Rice

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Ark. La. Tex.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Flaxseed

Tex.

Sugarcane

Fla. La.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage

Harvested acreageTotal production...

Do

Do -..

Average yield

Do

Do —.

Do

1,000 acres-

__.do...

1,000 bags1,000 bushels1,000 tons-

...bags per acre.

bushels per acre.

..tons per acre.

-percent of potential.

330

343

7,975

557

545

10,491

481

481

11,544

1,368

1,369

30,010

245

211 276

353

313

1,266

23

64

19

'54"

24

'7Ó'

22

'62'

1,169 5,307 6,476

6

"23"

19

63

21

64

Nitrogen:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with N..

short tons.

.pounds per aero.

percent.

1,485

9

30

1,500

5

50

4,860

20

50

7,835

11

39

610

5

26

118

5

92

6,374

35

95

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 __-

+100..

+50

+25..

+10 —

0, average use.. ._

-10 .-

-25-. -

-50..

—100, no application

+14

+8

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.8

-4

-5

-8

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

5,492

31

95

+15

+8

+4

+1

+.6

0

-.6

-1

-5

-9

+18

+12

+6

+3

+.8

0

-2

-4

-7

-14

+16

+9

+4

+2

+.6

0

-1

-3

-6

-10

+47

+26

+11

+6

+3

0

-3

-8

-17

-31

+21

+11

+7

+3

0

-4

-11

-14

-21

+42

+31

+15

+7

+2

0

-2

-7

-16

-29

+30

+14

+7

+2

0

-2

-8

-16

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use

Average use -_-_..

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O5.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100 -

+50.

+25

+10

0, average use..

-10

-25

-50-

—100, no application j.

short tons.

.pounds per acre.

percent.

495

3

2,900

10

60

1,940

8

50

5,335

8

762

6

25

266

11

92

762

5

95 95

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

+1

+.9

+.6

+.2

+.07

0

-.1

-.2

-.3

-.6

+12

+8

+4

+1+.'

0

-1

-3

-5

-11

+6

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.3

-.8

-2

-3

+7

+5

+2

+.8

+.4

0

-.5

-2

-3

-6

+16

+7

+4

+2+.9

0

-.9

-3

-5

-8

+25

+16

+8

+5

+2

0

-2

-7

-12

-34

+7

+4

+3

+2

+1

0

-1

-2

-6

-8

+9

+5

+4

+2

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-11

Potash:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200..

+100

+50...

+25

+10..- .-

0, average use.

-10..-.

-25..

..short tons.

.pounds per acre.

.percent496

3

30

1,900

7

50

485

2

60

2,880

4

152

1

25

2,005

86

92

460

3

96

2,455

14

95

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+2

+.8

+.4

+.2

+.1

0

-.1

+10

+5

+3

+2

+.(

0

—.(

-2

+0.4

+.3

+.2

+.1

+.05

0

-.05

-.1

+6

+2

+1

+.9

+.3

0

-.3

-.9

+1

+.7

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.6

+90

+63

+29

+14

+6

0

-10

-20

+4

+3

+2

+1

+.6

0

.7

-1

+15

+10

+6

+3

+1

0

-2

-4
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 27

TABLE 3A.—Potatoes in the southern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of Ny P^O^j

and K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Va. N. C. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Ark. La. Tex.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 - — 280

290

271

242

228

219

210

236

360

360

348

318

298

288

275

339

361

360

348

320

303

292

276

327

280

120 191

180

160

144

132

120

181

290

271

242

228

219

210

276

360

360

348

318

298

288

275

360

361

360

348

320

303

292

276

352

305

305

270

250

225

208

315

360

360

341

320

300

287

272

360

368

362

350

312

300

276

268

370

180

175

160

142

131

120

175

170

157

138

122

111

100

137

170

157

138

122

111

100

126

173

160

135

116

103

90

135

176

160

136

104

80

62

47

140

174

172

165

150

132

122

110

159

150

140

120

94

77

50

126

180

164

150

134

124

110

134

160

165

140

124

114

100

128

207

80 195

40 - - - 173

20 - -- - 156

10 - . 144

0 - . 131

Average use (cf. table 35) . 183

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160.__ 310

120 .. 202

198

183

178

170

164

200

160

150

130

107

95

80

160

164

150

126

107

96

80

128

164

150

126

107

96

80

139

152

128

94

72

60

45

103

161

150

128

107

95

80

128

135

130

120

112

106

100

115

220

80 _ 207

40 184

20 _. . 166

10 .. 156

0 143

Average use (cf. table 35) _. _ 204

Potash rate:

160__ _ 311

120 - 180

174

158

142

132

120

172

156

149

135

124

118

110

153

180

175

158

140

130

120

153

180

175

158

140

130

120

153

148

142

126

111

103

93

126

163

157

143

130

122

110

143

110

107

104

100

104

228

80 - __ . 210

40 _ 192

20 _ 177

10 _ 168

0 166

Average use (cf. table 35) _ 204

TABLE 35.- -Potatoes in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of Nj P2OS, and K2O, 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Va. N. C. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Ark. La. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do

Total production 1,000 bushels

55

55

9,405

171

85

60

64

10, 368

162

45

17

17

1,768

104

28

16

16

1,248

78

22

26

26

5,664

217

120

31

26

2,418

93

52

23

22

2,200

100

56

135

35

3,955

113

64

23

23

1,863

81

63

20

21

1,386

66

37

32

32

2,752

86

54

338

337

42,027

Average yield bushels per acreDo percent of potential-_

128

59

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.-

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N percent2,295

83

99

2,700

90

100

841

99

99

256

32

100

1,056

80

100

589

38

95

280

24

96

700

40

99

676

50

100

200

20

90

420

26

65

9,912

69

95

Change in application rate, percent:

Predicted percent chac ge in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+18

+10

+5

+2

+.8

0

-1

-3

-6

-11

"" "il"

+1

0

-1

-3

-9

-22

+23

H-3

-3

-6

-12

-27

+22

+14

+8

+4

+s

-2

-5

-10

-21

+27

+18

+11

+5

-4

-7

-15

-33

+20

+15

+9

+6

+2

0

-2

-8

-21

-61

+18

+12

+7

+3

+1

0

-1

-4

-8

-18

+20

+13

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-6

-9

-22

+22

-flOO _ — +1

+7

+6

^t

-.4

-3

-9

-23

-3

0

0

0

-4

-12

-34

+11

4-50 - ... +3

+2

+.5

0

-2

-4

-9

-31

+7

+25 - +4

-1-10 - +2

0, average use 0

-10-..— - -2

-25 ._ _ -5

-50 - -11

—100, no application -28

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use .short tons..

Average use. pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6 percent..

2,700

98

99

3,600

120

100

1,683

198

99

612

64

100

1,584

120

100

663

43

95

680

59

96

1,500

86

99

675

50

100

400

40

90

420

26

65

14,317

85

95

Change in application rate, percent:

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

+0.5

+.5

+.5

+.5

+.5

0

-1

-2

-6

-19

+6

+6

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-4

-9

-18

0

0

-3

-4

-11

-50

+28

+18

+10

+5

+2

0

-3

-8

-16

-37

+58

+38

+20

+11

+5

0

-4

-11

-25

-56

+26

+17

+10

+6

+2

0

-2

-7

-17

-38

+14

+8

+6

+3

+.8

0

-2

-3

-5

-12

+19

-1-100-- +18

+10

+2

+1

0

-3

-6

-17

-42

+27

+16

+8

+3

0

-5

-11

-2G

-66

+15

+50 - .- - 0

0

0

0

-.6

-2

-7

-23

0

0

0

0

-3

-24

+7

+25 +3

+10 +1

0, average use 0

-10 -2

-25 „ -. -5

-50 . - -12

—100 no application _ -33

Potash:

Total use short tons-. 2,025

74

99

2,700

90

100

1, 262

148

99

384

48

100

1,256

95

100

515

33

95

400

35

96

1,050

60

99

460

40

100

400

40

90

168

10

65

10,620

Average use pounds per acre.. 63

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent.. 95

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 --- +2

+2

+2

+2

+1

0

-.6

-4

-8

-

0

0

-2

-7

0-7

+10

+8

+5

+2

+.9

0

-1

-3

-6

Iß

+3

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-10

OQ

+18

+12

+7

+5

+2

0

-2

-5

-13

+17

+12

+7

+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-11

no

+9

+9

+5

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-11

on

+17

+12

+7

+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-12

oc

+14

+10

+6

+3

+1

0

-1

-4

-9

+5

+3

+2

+.9

+.4

0

=:?

-1

+10

+100 - +6

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-4

-9

Of»

+7

+50 - +4

+25 _ -- +3

+10 ._ +10

—10 -- —1

—25 - --- —4

-50 - -9
28 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRIUXTURE

TABLE 36.—Vegetables in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreasesfrom average

application rate of N, P2O5Í and K^O^ 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Va. N. C. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. La. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage -1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do

Total production . . 1,000 tons..

88

60

176

4

123

66

178

3

120

66

141

2

187

114

302

3

365

255

1,113

4

17

4

8

2

42

19

68

4

67

24

66

3

71

22

62

3

58

38

71

2

133

29

67

2

35

30

46

2

411

343

785

2

1,717

1,060

3,083

Average yield tons per acre.. 3

Tin nftrpftnt of Dotential

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons-. 2,175

50

99

3,304

54

100

2,415

40

99

2,992

32

100

14,600

80

100

323

38

95

636

26

93

1,763

63

99

1,911

54

100

1,300

46

100

2,876

43

95

490

28

81

2,670

13

65

37,355

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with

N - —percent--

43

90

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

-1-200 +40

+25

+14

+8

+3

0

-3

-8

-18

-42

+45 +29

+21

+13

+7

+2

0

-3

-8

-16

-36

+37

+22

+11

+9

+1

0

-4

-6

-14

-27

+54

+35

+20

+10

+4

0

-4

-12

-24

-53

+30

+23

+15

+7

+3

0

-3

-8

-18

-45

+22

+14

Vz

+1

0

-2

-4

-9

-22

+18

+10

+5

3

-12

+30

4-100 - +42

+28

+16

+7

0

-8

-22

-46

-100

+24

+14

+8

+g

-3

-9

-18

-47

h28

[-16

+20

+13

+6

-3

-9

-19

-44

+22

+14

+8

+3

0

-3

-10

-21

-48

+21

+50 +13

+7

+3

0

-4

-10

-22

-54

+13

-j-25 _ _-

0

-4

-9

-19

-43

+7

-flO +3

0 averase use 0

-lio -3

—25 — - - -8

-50 -18

—100, no application -41

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons-. 4,350

99

99

4,284

70

100

6,389

89

99

5,984

64

100

25, 550

140

100

363

43

95

1,276

61

93

2,040

66

99

1,704

48

100

1,081

38

100

4,854

73

95

560

32

81

4,272

21

65

61,707

Average use. pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with

P2O6 percent72

90

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

-f200 ... +31

+22

+13

+7

+3

0

-3

-8

-17

-38

+53

+34

+18

«

-5

-13

-25

-55

+16

+11

+6

+2

0

-3

-8

-20

-46

+2

+2

"il

0

-.3

-.7

-2

-10

+3

+1

+.7

+.6

+.2

0

-.7

-2

-2

-8

+8

+100 - - h2

-2

-2

1-1

+24

+14

+8

+3

0

-3

-8

-18

-39

+15

+9

+4

0

-4

-11

-21

-47

+17

+8

+5

+2

0

-2

-7

-16

-36

+7

+50 +2

+2

+0.6

0

-.6

-5

-7

-19

0

0

0

-.5

-2

-6

-20

+0.3

+.2

+.08

0

-.9

-3

-7

-20

+4

+25 - +2

+10 - — +.9

0, average use 0

-4

-11

-37

-100

0

-.9

-5

-15

-64

0

—10 -1

—25 —5

—50 —12

—100, no application -34

Potash:

Total use . -- short tons. 3,263

74

99

3,213

62

100

4,090

69

99

4,488

48

100

21,900

120

100

283

33

95

740

35

93

1,287

40

99

1,032

29

100

719

25

100

2,911

44

95

280

16

81

2,136

10

65

46,342

50

90

Average use.. pounds per acre.-

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O

percent-.

Predicted percent change ir1 yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 +19

+13

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-4

-4

-20

+14

+7

+4

+1

0

-2

-5

-9

-19

+4

+7

+5

+3

+.9

0

-2

-5

-10

-16

+13

+11

+6

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-6

-14

+46

+30

+18

+8

+4

0

-4

-9

-22

-43

-2

+6

+5

+3

+.9

0

-1

-3

-9

-20

XI

+2

+1

+.6

0

-.6

-1

-2

-8

+4

+3

+1

0

-.7

-1

-2

-6

+7

+100 -0.9

-.3

+.2

+.08

0

-.3

-.7

-2

-12

0

0

0

0

0

0

-1

-8

+11

+9

+6

+2

0

-2

-4

-10

-27

+6

+6

+5

+2

0

-3

-9

-23

—fi4

+7

+60 +4

+25- _ +3

+10 - - 0

0

+7

+7

-7

-19

+1

0, average use .-_ 0

-10.- —1

-25 -3

—60 —9

—100, no application _ —25 1 1
FEHTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 29

TABLE 37.—Fruits and nuts in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreasesfrom

average application rate of N, P2O5 ,and K2O, 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Va.i N. C. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ky.i Tenn.i Ala. Miss.» Ark. La. Okla.i Tex.i

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres.-

Harvested acreage do

85 139 72 243 551 81 73 73 90 87 80 117 200 1,891

Total production 1,000 tons--

Average yield ..tons per acre.-

Do -percent of potential..

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.. 1,375

32

65

1,875

27

90

71G

20

47

2,916

24

100

22,969

83

97

400

10

20

123

3

29

1,314

36

82

1,870

42

97

1,125

26

75

1,666

42

84

308

5

22

3,012

30

32

39,669

42

74

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N

percentPredicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 — - — +67

+42

+24

+11

+4

0

-4

-16

-33

-62

+15

+10

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-2

-5

-10

+142

+58

+25

+12

+4

0

-4

-9

-17

-35

+56

+32

+16

+8

+2

0

-6

-10

-21

-48

+37

+18

+9

+4

+1

0

-1

-3

-8

-18

+67

+36

+16

+11

+3

0

-4

-10

-23

-25

+70

+42

+22

+11

-2

-9

-17

-28

+24

+16

+9

+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-13

-29

+17

+10

+7

+3

+1

0

-1

-4

-7

-10

+28

+16

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-6

-10

-18

+32

+100 +13

ÍI

+2

+0

-2

-6

-13

-28

+14

+6

+3

+1

0

-2

-6

-15

-32

+17

11

0*

+50 - - +18

+10

+4

0

-4

-11

-22

-40

+25

+10

0, average use

-10 — —3^

-25 —8-

-50 - 17

—100, no application —32:

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons 688

16

65

1,500

22

90

1,103

31

47

5,832

48

100

25,390

92

96

195

5

29

1,472

40

82

609

14

97

1,127

26

75

2,200

55

84

380

6

22

625

6

32

41,121

46

76

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with

PaOs percentPredicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

Change in apphcation rate, percent:

+200 +110

+60

+30

+15

+5

0

-5

-15

-25

-55

+21

+12

+6

+2

+1

0

-1

-3

-8

-14

+147

+100

+53

+23

+7

0

-10

-17

-27

-47

+6

+4

+3

+2

+1

0

-2

-6

-14

-40

+8

+2

+.8

+.6

-.4

-.7

-2

-3

""+12'

+6

+4

+2

0

-3

-6

-14

-32

+20

+14

+3

+1

V

-.6

-2

-10

-17

+192

+117

+50

+25

+'?

-4

-17

-34

-68

+8

--7

--6

--5

+2

0

-2

-6

-13

-34

+39

+15

+7

+4

+2

0

-2

-4

-8

-15

+3

+2

+.2

0

-.5

-.7

-1

-2

+28

+100 +18

+50 +8

+25 +2

+.8

0

-1

-3

-6

-14

-

+5

+10 _ +2

0, average use __ 0'

—2'

-25 —5-

-50 -_ _ —10-

—100, no application —23-

Potash:

Total use short tons..

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertihzed with

K2O percent.-

550

13

60

1,125

16

90

1,074

30

47

4,374

36

100

32, 546

118

97

195

5

29

1,191

33

82

435

10

97

766

18

75

1,600

38

84

190

3

17

12

0.1

10

43,968-

49^

73.

Predicted percent change in yielcI with change in ]ECsO fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 . _.- +94

+49

+28

+8

+2

0

-3

-10

-30

-45

+68

+34

til

"4

0

-4

-8

-19

-34

+54

+46

+27

+14

+4

0

-6

-12

-27

-51

+35

--32

--15

+!

-8

-12

-37

-74

+3

+2

tL

+.2

0

-.07

-.4

-.9

-2

Ô"

+56

+24

+12

+11

+2

0

-2

-4

-11

-12

+17

+13

+6

+2

0

-4

-8

-16

-33

+22

+3

+1

0

-2

-3

-9

-15

+89

+67

+24

+8

+2

0

-3

-6

-11

-19

+20

+18

+11

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-13

,-36

+24

+12

+6

--3

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-12

+0.1 tl

+.009

+.004

0

-.005

-.01

-.03

-.06

+28-

+100 +19

+50 +11

+25 _ +6

+10 - +2

0, average use 0

-10 —2

-25_ —6

-50 _ —12

—100, no application -23

» Fruit only. 2 Nuts only.
30 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 38.—Hay in the southern region: Estimated average yield {tons per acre) from given application rate of N, P2O5, and K2O,

1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Va. N. C. S. C. Ga. Ky. Tena. Ala. Miss. Ark. La. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 - _-

120

80 - - 2.3

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

2.2

1.9

1.7

1.4

1.2

1.3

2.2

2.0

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.3

2.0

2.0

1.6

1.5

1.2

1.3

2.2

2.0

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.4

2.2

2.0

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.4

40 -.- 2.5

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.4

20 -

10 --

0

Average use (cf. table 39) ...

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 - -.

120 - - 3.6

3.4

3.2

2.6

2.2

1.7

2.7

3.5

2.2

1 9

80 2.4

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.9

2.7

2.5

2.1

1.8

1.5

1.8

""î.T

1.5

1.3

1.0

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.3

40 - - 1.8

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.3

1.6

1.4

1.2

.8

.9

2.0

1.6

1.3

.9

1.3

1.6

1.4

1.1

1.0

1.1

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.2

1.9

1.6

1.4

1.0

1.2

20 - 1 6

10 _ 1 4

0 - 1 2

Average use (cf. table 39). 1 4

Potash rate:

160 --- -

120 3.4

3.3

3.1

2.6

2.4

2.0

2.6

3 4

80 2.Ö

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.2

1.3

2.8

2.5

2.1

1.9

1.2

1.4

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1 9

40 - - -- — 1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.1

2.4

2.1

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.9

20 - - - - 1.7

10 -- 1.6

0 - - 1.4

Average use (cf. table 39) 1.5

TABLE 39.—Hay in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of iV, P2O5, and K^Oy 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage —do.-.

Total production ...1,000 tons.

Average yield.- _ tons per acre.

Do percent of potential.

1,066

1,351

1,719

1.3

66

Va. N. C.

1,181

1,140

1,246

1.1

S. C.

722

422

344

.8

33

Ga.

268

979

604

25'

Ky.

1,870

1,898

2,633

1.4

70

Tenn.

1,680

1,611

2,126

1.3

54

Ala.

467

717

616

26*

Miss.

654

748

1,041

1.4

Ark.

1,070

1,273

1,623

1.

59

La.

153

316

441

1.4

50

Okla.

982

1,331

1,855

1.4

78

Tex.

1,000

1,149

1,281

1.1

50

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

11,113

12,935

15,529

1.2

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N percent.

Change In application rate, percent:

+200 -

+100

+50 -

+25

+10

0, average use.

-10 -.-

-25 ---

-50 -

—100, no application ._ ._ _

239

.4

236 422

1

25

564

4

70

1,080

2

20

60

25"

.8

2,500

5

50

5,101

2

29

Predicted percent change hi yield with change In N fertilizer rate

+0.4

+.2

+.2

+.1

+.09

0

-.01

-.04

+4

+2

+.6

+.5

+.06

0

-.1

-.6

-1

-3

+10

+5

+3

+2

+-

0

-2

-5

-10

+6

+3

+1

+.

+.2

0

-.3

-2"

-2

+2

+1

+.

+.

+.

0

-2

+15

+9

+3

+1

+.6

0

-.4

-3

-4

-10

+6

+4

+1

+.6

+.2

0

-.2

-1

-2

-4

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use - short tons.

Averageuse - .pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with P2O6..- percent.

Change In application rate, percent:

+200 --

+100 —- - -

+60 - -

+25 -

+10 -

0, average use -

-10 -

-25

-60 .-

—100, no application _

6,736

11

20

708

1

20

4,055

11

25

1,128

8

70

4,220

4

12, 000

14

35

6,237

27

25

,017

9

13

1,906

4

20

900

12

25

8,190

17

28

15,000

30

50

63,097

11

Predicted percent change in yield with change In PaOs fertilizer rate

+22

+11

+6

+3

+.3

0

-1

-2

-5

-11

Potash:

Total use short tonsAverage use ..pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percentChange ÎQ application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+50 - -

+25....

+10

0, average use

-10

-25 -

-50 -

2,151

4

20

+11

+6

+3

+1

+.5

0

-.4

-1

-3

-7

3,068

5

20

+34

+20

+10

+5

+2

0

-2

-6

-15

-30

2,133

6

25

+41

+18

+9

+3

+2

0

-3

-7

-12

846

6

70

+17

+10

+5

+2

+1

0

-1

-2

-5

-10

530.(

3

+14

+7

+4

+2

+.7

0

-.8

-2

-4

-8

+26

+18

+10

+6

+3

0

-3

-8

-16

-36

4,730

20

25

+18

+10

+6

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-5

-11

+23

+12

+6

+3

+1

0

-1

-12

1,016

2

20

+29

+17

+9

+6

+2

0

-2

-5

-10

-19

222

3

24

+22

+14

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-6

-12

-33

+17

+14

+9

+6

+2

0

-3

-5

-11

-26

1,250

2

60

+20

+11+6

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-7

-16

15,946

4

22

Predicted percent change in yield with change In KjO fertilizer rate

+2

+1

+.7

+.4

0

-.2

-1

-2

+13

+8

+4

+2

+.8

0

-1

-3

-5

+17

+11

+6

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

+20

+11

+6

+4

+1

0

-2

-3

-7

+0.5

+.2

+.2

+.0}

+.03

0

-.03

-.1

-.2

+11

+7

+4

+2

+1

0

+6

+3

+1

+.7

+.3

0

-.4

-1'

+25

+12

+6

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-7

+.7

+.6

+.4

+.2

+.1

0

-.1

-.2

+7

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.5

-1

-2
FERTILIZER USB AND CROP YIELDS 31

TABLE 40.—Pasture and cover crops in the southern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average application rate of iV, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer

use

Va. N. C. S. C. Ga. Fla. Ky. Tenn. Ala. Miss. Ark. La. Okla. Tex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage—.1,000 acresTTArvp^tßd arrfíasre do

4,336 1,577 957 3,626 875 8,298 4,435 »2,600 4,208 2,000 3,725 16,467 102,339 166,343

T'fttÄl 'nrotîiirtion 1 000 tons

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.. 873

.4

20

947

1

40

2,000

4

35

3,747

2

20

938

2

25

1,804

.4

1

3,536

16

4,940

4

388

.2

10

1,200

1

20

240

.1

5

408

.06

1

2,825

.06

1

23,846

Average use.-pounds per acre

Planted acreage fertilized with

N percent.-

.3

4

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change In application rate,

percent:

+200

+100

+3

+2

t:l

+.05

0

-.2

-.3

-.5

-1

+0.6

tí

+.2

+.2

0

-.2

-1

-2

-4

+2

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-4

-8

+8

+4

+2

+.9

+.5

0

-.8

-2

-2

-4

+9

+4

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.7

-1

-3

-5

+1

+.8

+.5

+.2

+.06

0

-.07

-.2

-.5

-1

+6

+3

+.3

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

+13

+7

+4

+1

+.7

0

-.7

-2

-5

-8

+0.3

+.2

+.08

+.05

+.02

0

-.02

-.07

-.08

-.3

+4

+2

+.9

+.4

+.1

0

-.2

-.5

-1

-2

+0.6 i:l

+.07

+.02

0

-.02

-.08

-.2

-.4

+0.9

+.4

+.2

+.08

+.03

0

-.03

-.08

-.2

-.4

+1

+.7

+.5

i:?

0

-.2

-.4

-.6

-.8

+2

+1

-1-50 --.6

-1-25 --.3

+10 --.1

0, average use... _

0

-10 —-

-.2

-25 -.4

-50

—100, no application.

-.7

-1

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons..

Average use..pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilised with

PaOs percent26,155

12

20

15,144

19

40

13,239

28

35

24,848

14

20

4,218

10

25

25,379

6

8

10,608

5

16

18,685

15

25

17,077

8

10

4,000

4

20

4,760

3

5

6,160

1

35,900

.7

1

206,063

3

4

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PaOa fertilizer rate

Change in application rate,

percent:

+200 +43

+27

+16

+9

+6

0

-2

-5

-12

-31

+48

+31

+16

+11

+4

0

-3

-9

-20

-44

+38

+26

+16

+8

+4

0

-4

-9

-20

-49

+44

+25

+13

+8

-3

-7

-17

-36

+68

+39

+20

+10

+4

0

-4

-11

-22

-42

+9

+4

+2

+2

+1

0

-.3

-.6

-2

-6

+10

+5

+3

+1

+.4

0

-.5

-1

-3

-7

h58

-35

-17

hll

+19

+11

+6

+1

+.7

0

-2

-4

-7

-21

+1

+6

+3

+1

V

-.6

-2

-3

-6

+10

+5

+3

-.4

-1

-2

-4

+3

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.4

-.7

-1

+2

+1

ii

0

-.3

-.7

-.9

-1

+7

-i-100 +4

+50 +2

+25 +1

+10 +2

0

-6

-9

-22

-44

+.7

0, average use -

0

—10 -.6

-25 -1

-50 .-

-3

—100, no application. -5

Potash:

Total use short tons.. 7,969

4

20

11,358

15

40

7,294

15

35

7,987

4

20

1,250

3

25

1,594

.4

6

3,572

2

16

8,673

25

6,550

3

10

1,600

2

20

1,200

.6

6

104

.01

1

2,860

.06

1

61, Oil

Average use..pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with

KjO percent-

.8

4

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate,

percent:

+5

+3

+1

+.9

+.3

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

+22

+15

+8

+6

+?

-2

-6

-11

-27

+21

+14

+7

+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-10

-24

+15

+8

?..

0

-.7

-2

-4

-7

+28

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-8

-16

+1

+.5

+.3

+.1

+.05

0

-.05

-.1

-.2

-.7

+0.7

+.3

+.2

+.1

+.02

0

-.1

-.2

-.4

-.6

+11

+5

0

-2

+2

+.3

+.2

0

-.2

-.3

-.6

-1

+2

+1

+.7

+.4

+.08

0

-.09

-.3

-.7

-1

+6t\

+.6

+.2

0

-.3

-.7

-2

-3

+0.1

+.07

+.03

+.02

+.006

0

-.006

-.02

-.04

-.08

+0.8

+.6

+.4

Í:?

0

-.1

-.2

-.3

-.4

+2

+100 +1

+60 --.7

+25 --.4

+10 -.2

0, average use 0

—10 -

-.2

-25

-50

-100, no application

-4

-7

-8

-.4

-.8

-1

1 Revised, Does not include 1,300,000 acres of cover crops.
32 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

NORTH CENTRAL STATES

TABLE 41.—Corn grain in the north central region: Estimated average yield {bushels per acre) from given application rate of iV,

P2O5, and K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertUizer rates (pounds per acre) Ohio Ind. 111. Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa Mo. N. Dak. S. Dak. Nebr. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 82

78

74

62

54

47

40

44

82

82

80

66

52

44

35

58

82"

78

68

63

59

52

57

¿2'

77

70

60

43

70

96

90

85

77

62

67

61

62

96

90

86

80

74

70

66

70

94

90

86

80

76

70

66

69

45"

43

40

38

35

36

45'

44

42

40

38

40

45'

44

42

40

38

39

82

80

73

62

63

48

42

43

79

73

64

62

46

40

35

42

87

81

71

67

47

42

34

44

90

120 80

70

60

38

34

29

32

80

77

70

60

62

48

44

47

84

80 66

63

60

62

60

60

76

76

72

69

66

66

60

40

36

32

30

30

60

40

36

32

30

30

37

36

33

30

26

27

39

36

30

26

20

20

66

40 59

20 - 63

10 - --- 48

0 - - - 44

Average use (cf. table 42). 46

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 87

120 66

66

60

66

62

60

62

76"

76

74

72

69

70

79

80 --- --- 76

40 __ - 24

22

22

21

22

48'

46

40

40

38

38

38

38

38

41

41

41

41

41

63

20 - —- 68

10 - 64

0 60

•• Average use (cf. table 42) 65

Potash rate:

160 -- - 92

120 --- --- - • 84

78

68

64

60

57

64

82

81

76

69

64

59

68

86

80 66

66

63

62

60

60

76"

74

72

70

71

80

76

70

68

66

66

38

38

38

38

38

38

40'

38

36

36

35

69

40 66

20 --- --- 62

10 - 69

0 -- 66 Average use (cf. table 42) 56

TABLE 42.—Corn grain in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or

nty/)'^nn/3 nnnmlñmi'inn TCitp f\i ?J P«D. n/nrf ir«0_ 1 QEf) hnsis

central region: ¿Lstimatea percentage cnange in yieia resui

average application rate of N, P2OÄ, and ^20, 1950 basis

decreases from

Acreages, yields, andfertilizer use

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres. .

Harvested acreage -do...

Total production. .1,000 bushels

Average yield.-bushels per acre.

Do percent of potential..

Ohio

3,373

3,206

166,712

52

62

Ind.

4,293

4,233

209, 534

50

61

Dl.

8,180

7,987

407,337

51

54

Mich.

1,708

1,346

52,494

39

87

Wis.

2,644

1,221

63,724

44

61

Minn.

5,171

3,936

166,472

40

61

Iowa

9,721

9,402

441,894

47

62

Mo.

4,200

4,033

181,486

46

66

N.

Dak.

600

422

9,284

22

44

S. Dak.

3,600

3,072

86,016

28

66

Nebr.

6,694

6,672

243,164

37

97

660

494

637

36

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

62,734

47,924

2,096,663

44

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.

Average use...pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with

N .percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200.. —-

+100...

+60

+26

+10... - - - -

0, average use

-10 - -

-25

-50-...

—100, no application11,214

7

95

13,523

6

11,046

3

30

1,281

2

50

3,562

71

1,810

.7

35

8,416

2

32

10,080

6

30

750

2

60

160

.08

8,026

2

663 70,700

3

37

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+20

+10

+4

+2

+.7

0

-1

-3

-6

-10

+9

+4

+2

+1

+.3

0

-.9

-2

-3

+8

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.4

-1"

-1

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-1"

+10

+6

+2

+.9

+.2

0

-.7

-1

-2

-2

+1

+.7

+.4

+.2

+.07

0

-.07

-.1

-.4

-.7

+2

+2

+1

+1

+.6

0

-.3

-.6

-.9

-1

+16

+7

+4

+2

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-4

-8

+2

+1

+.6

+.2

0

-.2

-.5

-1

-2

+0.2

+.1

+.06

+.03

+.01

0

-.01

-.03

-.06

-.1

+6

+3

+1

+.7

+.3

0

-.6

-1

-2

-3

+1

+.7

+.3

+.1

+.04

0

-.08

-.2

-.6

-1

+6

+3

+2

+.9

+.4

0

-.4

-1

-2

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with

P2O6 percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200- -

+100

+60-... --

+25

+10-..-

0, average use

-10 --- — -

-26 '. --

-60

—100, no application

48,060

28

95

46,365

22

42, 960

10

30 50

17,808

14

71

18,100

7

36

18,033

4

33

16,380

8

30

4,600

16

60

226 369 633

.6

221,109

8

36

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P3O5 fertilizer rate

+36

+25

+15

+8

+4

0

-4

-9

-19

-40

+16

+11

+6

+4

+1

0

-2

-6

-12

-38

+11

+7

+4

+2

+.4

0

-2

-3

-4

-7

+7

+5

+2

+•'

+.:

0

-1'

-2

-5

+24

+13

+6

+4

+1

0

-I

-4

-7

-17

+7

+3

+2

+.8

+.3

0

-.3

-.8

-2

-3

+3

+2

+1

+.6

+.1

0

-.6

-.8

-1

-2

+13

+6

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.5

-2

-3

-7

+13

+6

+3

+2

+.4

0

-.6

-2

-3

+0.02

+.01

+.006

+.003

+.001

0

-.001

-.003

-.006

-.01

+9

--6

--3

--2

+.6

0

-1

-2

-4

-9

Potash:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with

K2O percent-.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+60

+26

+10 - -

0, average use -

-10

38,448

22

95

40,569

19

90

30, 720 5,124

6

50

17,808

14

4,626

2

36

9,616

2

27

6,040

2

30

30

.009

132 162,012

6

37

Predicted percent change in yield with change In KjO fertilizer rate

+18+9+5+2

+.

0

+16

+10

+6

+2

+10

-1

A

+10

+6

+3

+1+.4

0

-1

0

+6

+3

+2

+.9

+.3

0

-.3

1

+31

+16

+9

+6

+3

0

-3

e

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1 +.06

0

-.07

1

ti.5

+.2

+.1

+.06

-%5

1

+.4

+.2

+.07

0

-.08

0

0 0

0 0 +7

0 0 +4

0 0 +2

0 0 +.9

0 0 +.4

0 0 0

0 0 -.6
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 33

TABLE 43.—Wheat in the north central region: Estimated average yield {bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, P2O5,

and K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Ohio Ind. ni. Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa Mo. N.Dak. S. Dak. Nebr. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 45

42

40

35

30

28

25

26

45

40

35

30

28

26

25

28

45

45

42

40

38

34

30

35

45

120 40

39

35

31

28

25

26

41

80 - 38

34

30

26

18

24

37

35

32

30

28

28

24'

22

21

20

20

31

29

25

22

19

20

31

30

28

26

22

22

31

30

28

26

22

23

32

40 - 33

25

22

18

22

34

30

27

22

24

28

22

18

15

15

31

20 27

10 _ 25

0 21

Average use (cf. table 44) 22

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 45

120 - 40

37

32

25

20

15

25

38

36

32

22

22

15

23

40

80 36

30

22

18

14

28

34"

29

23

13

33

25'

23

22

20

21

30

29

28

27

25

26

35

28

22

18

13

25

35

40 20

19

18

16

16

28

23

22

20

20

31

30

28

26

26

31

30

28

26

27

28

20 26

10 23

0

21

Average use (of. table 44) _ ._ 24

Potash rate:

160 -

45

120 40

40

36

35

32

30

34

38

38

36

33

32

29

32

43

80 36

35

35

34

34

34

26

26

26

26

25

25

37

40 34

32

28

25

32

31

31

31

31

31

34

32

31

30

31

27

26

26

24

24

30

20 29

10 28

0 26

Average use Tcf table 44^ 27

TABLE 44.—Wheat in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases jrom

average application rate of iV, P2O6, and K-iO^ 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Ohio Ind. ni. Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa Mo. N. Dak. S. Dak. Nebr. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage... 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do

Total production 1,000 bushels..

Average 3rield bushels per acre..

Do ..percent of potential..

2,139

2,118

46,596

22

61

1,509

1,479

31,798

22

58

1,442

1,376

27,638

20

44

1,186

1,141

29,666

26

65

87

86

2,073

24

63

1,005

921

15,410

17

65

2.58

262

5, 740

22

71

1.700

1,362

24,516

18

51

9,500

8,706

120, 724

14

70

3,500

3,278

33,978

10

36

3,999

3,879

84,788

22

71

13,807

12,280

178,060

14

45

40,132

36,888

600,887

16

56

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons 7,336

9

98

7,168

10

95

2,811

4

65

2,016

3

85

44

1

50

627

1

25

120

.9

16

2,650

3

76

5

.003

1

417

.2

1

33,807

2

20

36,901

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N

percent..

2

32

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+30

+16

+.9

0

-1

-4

-9

-19

+33

+23

+11

+4

+3

0

-3

-7

-13

-25

?..

t.i

0

-.8

-2

-2

-4

+8

+4

+2

+1

V-.5

-1

-2

-4

4..

+.4

+!06

0

-.06

-.2

-.4

-.7

+6

+2

+1

+.7

+.3

0

-.2

-.5

-.9

-2

+10

+5

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.6

-1

-2

-6

+0.04

+.02

+.008

+.004

+.002

0

-.002

-.004

-.008

-.02

+0.8

+.3

+.2

+.09

+.04

0

-.1

-.2

-.3

-.4

+6

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

+8

+100 K8

-.4

-.1

\- OR

+5

+50 +2

+25 +1

+10 +.5

0, average use . . 0

-.1

-.2

0 0

-10 -.5

-25-. __

—50

-1

-2

—100, no apolication.. -5

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons..

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with PsOs-.--

percent..

33,636

31

98

25,087

33

95

16,397

23

65

12,096

20

86

622

12

60

2,610

5

26

820

6

16

25, 500

30

75

3,500

.7

4

10

.006

.1

489

.2

1

27,614

4

20

148,081

7

26

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PaOj fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+34

+23

+14

+9

-5

-11

-24

-49

...„-..

+7

n-2

-6

-17

-69

+21

+10

+5

+4

+2

0

-.7

-1

-6

-9

+41

+23

+12

+6

^l

-3

-8

-18

-39

+37

+21

+13

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-15

-35

+8

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.4

-.9

-2

-4

+6

+3

+1

+.6

+.2

0

-.4

-1

-2

-5

+41

+28

+14

+8

+2

0

-3

-9

-20

-48

+1

+.6

+.3

+.2

+.06

0

-.06

-.2

-.3

-.8

+0.02

+.009

+.004

+.002

+.0007

0

-.0009

-.002

-.005

-.01

+0.8

+.4

+.2

+.1

+.03

0

-.04

-.1

-.2

-.6

+5

+3

+1

+.9

+.4

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

+8

+100 +5

+50 +3

+25 +2

+10 +1

0. averase use 0

-10-.

-25-..

-.8

_2

-50-._ -4

-100, no application... -10

Potash:

25,152

21

98

14,335

19

95

9,370

13

65

9.072

15

85

522

12

50

1,265

2

25

80

.6

31

6.375

8

75

2,761

.4

20

68.922

Average use... pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O

percent..

6

42

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+14

+8

—1

"it

+7

+4

+1

0

- fi

+7

+4

+2

+.8

+.4

0

-.4

+4

+3

+1

0

-1

+12

+7

+4

+2

+1

0

-1

+1

+1

+.5

+.2

+.1

0

-.1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+5

+2

+1

+.8

+.4

0

-.4

+0.8

+.4

+.1

+.08

+.04

0

-.2

+4

j-inn +2

MRn +1

-LOR +1

-Lin +.3

0 0 0 0

-.4
34 AGRICULTUEE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 45.—Rye in the north central region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of iV, PzOi,

and K'20, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Ohio Ind. 111. Mich. Wis. Minn. Mo.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 40

38

35

30

26

23

20

20

40

38

35

30

26

23

20

20

40

40

40

40

35

32

30

30

40

120 --. 38

80 38

34

30

25

18

20

32

28

23

18

18

18

37

35

32

30

28

28

25

20

14

12

8

8

33

40 - 32

26

22

18

18

24

22

21

20

20

28

20 24

10 --- 21

0 . 18

Average use (of. table 46) . . -- 19

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 40

120 38

36

32

27

22

15

16

38

80 36

30

22

18

14

18

28

25

20

18

15

18

25

20

15

12

10

15

31

40 - -- 34

29

23

13

23

25

23

22

20

21

28

20 ... - - 23

10..__ _ __. _ 20

0— __ 16

Average use (cf. table 46) 19

Potash rate:

160 40

120 38

38

36

33

32

29

30

39

80 36

35

35

34

34

34

30

29

27

26

25

26

26

26

26

26

25

25

33

40 - - - 34

32

29

25

27

22

22

22

20

21

31

20 - 29

10 _ _ 28

0 27

Average use (of. table 46) - 27

TABLE 46.—Rye in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of N, P2O5, and K^O^ 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage.-. 1,000 acres

Harvested acreage do...

Total production 1,000 bushels

Average yield—. bushels per acre

Do ..percent of potential

Nitrogen:

Total use .short tons

Average use pounds per acre

Planted acreage fertilized with N - percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100 -

+50 - - -

+26.-.-

+10.. - - - - -

0, average use -

-10 - - -

-25-

-50 -

—100, no application.-- -

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use - - - short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with PjOs percent.

Change In application rate, percent:

+200 -

+100..- - - -

+50 - -

+26 - - - —

+10 - -

0, average use

-10

-25..-.

-60.. .-

—100, no application

Potash:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent.

Change In application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+60

+25 -.

+10 - .-

0, average use..

-10

Ohio

55

35

665

19

63

Ind.

146

69

826

14

37

111.

120

62

868

14

35

Mich.

180

66

1,040

16

60

Wis.

97

92

1,150

12

Minn.

186

162

2,349

14

54

Mo.

120

36

468

13

62

Weighted

average I

for States

reporting

904

511

7,366

14

45

44

2

40

175

2

40

12 144

2

40

19

20'

115

1

26

120

2

60

629

1

31

Predicted percent change in yield with change In N fertilizer rate

+8

+5

+2

+.9

+.3

0

-.3

-.6

-1

-5

+14

+7

+4

+2

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-5

-8

+1

+.4

+.3

+.2

+.1

0

-.09

-.2

-.4

-.5

+6

+3

+2

+.8

+.3

0

-.6

-1

-2

-3

+0.7

+.4

+.2

+.07

+.04

0

-.04

-.08

-.2

-.4

+1

+.7

+.3

+.2

+.08

0

-.06

-.2

-.3

-.7

+18

+9

+4

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-12

+7

+3

+2

+1

+.3

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

264

10

40

701

10

40

54

5"

864

10

40

2

20

460

6

25

1,200

20

60

3,631

Predicted percent change in yield with change In P2O6 fertilizer rate

+44

+22

+11

+5

+ 1

0

-2

-6

-11

-23

+44

+28

+13

+8

+3

0

-3

-8

-20

-41

+1

+.4

+.3

+.2

+.04

0

-.04

-.2

-.3

-.6

+26

+14

+7

+4

+1

0

-2

-4

-7

-14

+16

+8

+4

+2

+.8

0

-.8

-2

-4

+8

+4

+2

+1

+.-

0

-1"

-2

-4

+60

+33

+17

+8

+3

0

-3

-8

-17

+25

+15

+7

+4

+1

0

-2

-4

-8

-17

132

5

40

701

10

40

54

5"

648

7

40

175

4

20 25

300

6

60

2,240

4

31

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+10

+4

+2

+.9

+.7

0

+2

+.7

+.4

+.2

+.04

0

-.1

+0.3

+.2

+.1

+.1

+.07

0

-.03

+6

+3

+2

+.6

+.2

0

+6

+3

+1

+.6

+.3

0

-.4

+1

+1

+.6

+.2

+.1

0

-.1

+3

+2

+.8

+.4

+.1

0

-.2

+3

+2

+.Ö

+.4

+.2

0

-.2
PEETILIZER USB AND CHOP YIELDS 35

TABLE 47.—Barley in the north central region: Estimated average yield {Jbushels per acre) from given application rate of iV, ^20«,

and K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Ohio Ind. 111. Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa N.Dak. S.Dak. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 - - - 48

48

48

41

33

29

25

25

48

48

48

42

38

35

30

33

48

48

48

46

44

42

40

41

9Ö"

88

85

79

70

73

9Ö'

88

82

75

68

60

75

66

62

61

65

48

45

42

61

60

63

38

30

26

20

27

66

120 - 60

80 - 47

42

37

30

23

28

35'

33

31

29

29

38

36

31

28

24

25

50

37

29

26

22

22

36

33

30

28

26

26

50

40 33

28

27

25

26

38

20 - -

34

10 31

0 28

Average use (cf. table 48) 27

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160- 69

120 34

34

32

31

30

29

29

42

80 - 38

30

24

21

18

25

42"

36

29

17

40

38

36

34

33

31

32

40

40 28

26

25

23

23

45

40

38

35

35

36

33

31

28

28

36

20 - - -- - 32

10 _ _ 30

0 - _ 28

Average use (cf. table 48) 29

Potash rate:

160 - -- - 48

120

9Ö'

87

82

77

70

79

60

69

52

48

45

42

46

68

80 44

43

43

42

41

42

35

35

34

34

34

34

42

40 35

30

27

22

29

38

38

38

38

38

41

20 39

10 38

0 . .. - 37

Average use (cf. table 48) _ _. 39

TABLE 48.—Barley in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of N, P2O5, and ÍV2O, 19Ô0 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Ohio Ind. 111. Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa N. Dak. S. Dak. Kans,

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and 3^elds:

Planted acreage 1,non arres - 37

26

728

28

74

26

25

675

27

67

40

48

1,344

28

68

120

115

3,910

34

38

214

216

8,856

41

66

1,316

1,252

36,934

30

86

54

60

1,920

32

84

2,700

2,112

60, 688

24

86

1,400

1,148

18,942

16

32

500

264

3,666

14

39

6,407

Harvested acreage-- —do....

Total production _ 1,000 bushels..

Average yield - bushels per acre..

Do percent of potential..

5,256

127,563

24

70

Nitrogen:

Tfttal ii^p short tons 112

7

96

111

8

95

24

1

30

204

3

85

198

.3

10

40

2

17

7

.01

1

250

1

5

946

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent..

.6

10

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 +9

+4

+2

+1

+.8

0

-.7

-2

-3

-5

+32

+21

+10

+4

+2

0

-3

-4

-10

-21

+4

+2

+2t.l

0

-.3

-.8

-2

-2

+8

+4

+2

+1

+.3

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

._..--..

+0.6

+.2

+.1

+.07

+.02

0

-.02

-.07

-.2

-.4

+4

+2

+.9

+.6

+.1

0

-.2

-.6

-1

-2

+0.05

+.03

+.02

+.006

+.003

0

-.003

-.006

-.02

-.04

+2

+1

+.6

+.2

+.1

0

-.1

-.2

-.6

-1

+1

-flOO +.6

+50 +.3

+25 . . - +.2

+10 -— - -

0, average use

+.06

0 0

—10 .. -.07

—25 . -.2

—50 -.4

—100 no aDDlication -.7

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons..

Average use poimdsS per anre

420

23

95

370

28

95

108

6

30

1,224

20

85

1,541

14

60

1,320

2

10

180

7

17

1,200

.9

4

16

.02

.2

313

1

6

6,691

2

Planted acreage "fertilized with P2O5 percent.. 9

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O8 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent :

+200 . - +45

+28

+16

+8

+3

0

-2

-7

-15

-30

+10

+7

+4

+.7

0

-3

-7

-21

-68

+6

+6

+2

0

-.8

-2

-5

-8

+18

+12

+6

+3

+1

0

-1

-4

-8

-18

+44

+23

+11 tl

0

-2

-6

-13

-27

+3

+2

+.8

+.4

+.1

0

-.1

-.4

-.8

-2

+9

+.6

+.3

0

-.4

-.8

-2

-4

+1

+.7

+.4

+.2

+.06

0

-.09

-.2

-.4

-.8

+0.01

+.005

+.002

+.001

+.0002

0

-.0003

-.0009

-.002

-.002

+3

+1

i:t

+.1

0

-.1

-.4

-.8

-2

+4

+100 — - - +2

+60 +11

+25 +.6

+10 : ::. +.2

0. averaee use 0

—10 -- - -.2

—26 --- -.6

—50 —1

—100. no anolication _- -3

Potash:

Total use short tons.. 315

17

96

247

19

96

108

6

30

918

16

85

1,541

14

60

660

1

10

10

.4

34

3,799

Average use""'"""" pounds per 4 acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent- " 26

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+26

+16

+8

+4

+3

0

+3

+2

+1

+.6

+.2

0

+6

+2

+1

0

+11

+7

+14

+8

+3

+2

+1

9

+0.6

+•2

+.1

+.06

+.02

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+3

+2

+.9

+.6

+.3

0

j_10o

J_5Q

-j_25

- _io

0, average use - - 0 0 0
36 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 49.—Oats in the north central region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, P2O5,

and K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Ohio Ind. ni. Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa Mo. S. Dak. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 85

80

76

60

50

42

35

35

85

85

84

66

55

50

45

46

85

85

85

82

78

77

75

77

60'

60

55

48

44

40

41

67"

60

56

52

49

45

49

6Ö'

58

55

50

53

65

78

81

70

60

52

46

49

75

68

62

50

43

40

35

40

80

76

69

62

57

54

50

56

77

120 69

69

68

60

53

46

48

75

80 62

53

45

40

35

37

75

60

44

35

25

27

52"

43

40

35

36

39

36

32

30

28

28

70

40 _ 64

60

46

40

40

55

63

50

45

46

67

20 - - 60

10 45

0 39

Average use (of. table 50) - -- 40

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 81

120 75

74

65

55

50

45

54

76

80 61

55

45

40

34

44

74

74

72

68

61

70

52

49

45

43

40

41

54"

62

50

47

49

66

40 - - - 39

37

34

30

32

66

20 - 60

10 - - 47

0 .. . . _ .._ 43

Average use (cf. table 50) _. 46

Potash rate:

160 - 83

120 81

80 . -- 74

73

73

73

72

72

56

56

56

56

55

55

69

40 . . - 58

55

60

45

50

55

54

54

54

54

73

70

68

67

68

63

20 - - 61

10 - 60

0 58

Average use (cf. table 50) 60

TABLE 50.—Oats in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield from increases or decreases from average application rates of N, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Ohio Ind. 111. Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa Mo. S. Dak. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage-- - do...

Total production 1,000 bushels.

Average yield bushels per acre.

Do -- percent of potentialNitrogen:

Total use _ _ short tons.

Average use - pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100.. - -.,

+50

+25

+10

0, average use

-10-...

-25 .—

-50...-

—100, no application

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O5 percent

1,181

1,147

41,292

36

58

1,487

1,421

52, 577

37

50

4,048

3,911

166, 218

42

49

1,517

1,480

58,460

40

60

2,880

2,924

141,814

48

59

5,278

5,101

188,737

37

6,520

6,457

264, 737

41

74

1,746

1,782

55,242

31

41

3,100

3,311

87,742

26

50

1,200

960

21,120

22

56

28,957

28,494

1,077,939

38

1,890

3

2,045

3

55

1,620

20"

1,092

1

48

5,040

4

70

892 _

10"

5,000

2

17

1,284

2

37

12

.008

.4

1,200

2

20

20,075

1

27

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertlllzei- rate

+9

+5

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.5

-2"

-4

+9 +3 +2 +8 +0.8

+5 +1 +.9 +5 +.4

+1 +.8 +.3 +3 +.2

+1 +.6 +.1 +1 +.1

+.4 +.3 +.04 +1 +.04

0 0 0 0 0

-.7 -.1 -.05 -.6 -.04

-1 -.2 -.3 -2 -.1

-2 -.4 -.8 -5 -.3

-3 -.6 -2 -6 -.4

9,814 7,290 6,552 20,160 5,280

13 4 9 14 2

55 20 48 70 10

+6

+4

+3

+2

+.4

0

-.06

-.3

-.4

-.7

+10

+5

+3

+2

+.4

0

-.2

-2

-3

-7

+0.05

+.02

+.01

+.005

+.002

0

-.002

-.006

-.01

-.03

+6

+3

+1

+.6

+.2

0

-.7

-1

-3

+4

+2

+1

+.9

+.3

0

-.2

-.6

-1

-2

11, 340

19

80

23,433

7

17

12,840

15

37

i,000

5

20

1,709

8

30

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 -

+100

+50...

+25

+10 -

0, average use - -

-10..

-25

-50 .--

—100, no application-- _

Potash:

Total use - -.short tons

Average use— pounds per acre

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent

Change in application rate, percent

+200 -

+100

+50

+25- -..

+10.. -

0, average use

-10

9K

+30

+18

+11

+5

+2

0

-2

-6

-11

-22

+5

+4

+3

+2

+1

0

-1

-2

-5

-12

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

+8

+3

+2

+.6

+.4

0

-1'

-2

-2

+10

+Ö

+3

+2

+.5

0

-.5

-2

-4

-8

+23

+12

+6

+4

+1

0

-1

-4

-7

-14

+3

+2

+.8

+.3

+.08

0

-.08

-.3

-.7

-2

+6

+3

+1

+.3

+.2

0

-2

-3

-4

-5

+27

+14

+7

+4

+2

0

-2

-4

-7

-14

+6

+3

+2

+.8

+.3

0

-.5

-1

-2

-3

+10

+5

+3

+1+.Í

0

-1

-2

-4

-7

5,670

10

80

,134

8

55

7,290

4

20

4,368

6

20,160

14

70

2,640

1

10

2,480

.8

35

3,210

4

37

51,962

4

36

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+11

+7

+4

+2

+1

0

-1

+0.5 +2 +8 +14 +0.5

-.4 +1 +4 +7 --.3

-.3 +.6 +2 +4 --.1

-.1 +.3 +.9 +2 --.07

-.07 +.3 +.6 +.9 --.02

0 0 0 0 0

-

-.1

1

-.1

0

-.5

n

-.9

n

-.02

+0.1

+.07

+.06

+.02

+.009

0

-.01

+2

+.8

+.4

+.2

+.07

0

-.1

+3

+.9

+.5

+.2

-.2
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 37

TABLE 51.—Soybeans in the north central region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, P2O5,

and K'lOy 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Ohio Ind. lU. Mich. Wis. Iowa Mo. N. Dak. S. Dak.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 45

45

45

42

40

39

38

38

45

45

44

40

35

33

30

30

45

45

41

36

32

30

28

28

45

120 - - 32

32

30

28

27

25

25

46

80 - -- - 28

28

28

27

27

27

40

40 _.. 34

32

31

30

30

37

20 - 35

10 _... 34

0 - — 34

Average use (cf. table 62).._ _ _ _ 34

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 - 45

120 32

32

30

28

26

25

27

32

32

30

28

26

25

25

44

80 - 32

32

28

27

25

26

41

40 28

28

27

26

27

32

31

30

29

29

32

31

30

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

29

34

20 32

10 30

0 28

Average use (of. table 52) 29

Potash rate:

160 _ 45

120 - -- 28

28

27

26

25

24

24

32

32

30

29

27

24

26

32

32

31

29

27

24

24

39

80 32

30

29

28

24

26

36

40 32

32

32

31

31

32

20 30

10 29

0 - 27

Average use (of. table 52). 27

TABLE 52.- -Soybeans in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of N, P/Os, and KiO^ 1960 basis

Acreages, yields,''and fertilizer use Ohio Ind. 111. Mich. Wis. Iowa Mo N. Dak. S. Dak.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres—

Harvested acreage do

Total production __ 1,000 bushels

1,118

1,056

23,232

22

69

1,797

1,591

35, 002

22

78

3,965

3,948

94, 752

24

53

115

117

2,282

20

62

61

24

348

14

44

1,818

1,921

42, 262

22

69

1,175

1,191

27, 393

23

68

50

41

430

10

34

35

66

825

12

41

10,134

9,955

226,526

Average yield _. bushels per acre 23

Do percent of potential.. 64

Nitrogen:

Total use.. short tons.. 808

.9

45

357

.2

3

57

1

60

117

0.2

5

5

.3

S

1,344

Average use .. _ pounds per acre .4

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent 15

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

Predicted percent change in yield with change In N fertilizer rate

+0.7

+.3

+.2

+.1

+.07

0

-.04

-.1

-.2

-.3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1

+.03

0

-.2

-.4

-.6

-.9

+0.2

+.08

+.05

+.02

+.008

0

-.006

-.02

-.05

-.08

+0.2

+100 _ +.1

+50 _. +.06

+25 +.03

+10 . . - +.02

0, average use . 0 0 0 0 Ó 0

-10. —.01

-25 —.04

-50... . -.07

—100, no application —.1

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.-

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with PzOs ...percent..

3,686

7

20

8,0S7

9

45

1,428

.7

3

862

15

50

61

2

10

500

.5

2

705

1

5

300

12

50

7

.4

3

15, 636

3

13

Change in application rate, percent:

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O5 fertilizer rate

+7

+4

+2

+2

+.4

0

-.4

-.8

-2

-5

+4

+3

+2

+1

+.3

0

-.4

-2

-3

-4

-1-0.9 +11

+5

+3

+.9

+.5

0

-.9

-2

-4

-8

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.6

-1

+0.4

+.3

+.2

+.1

+.06

0

-.07

-.2

-.3

-.4

+0.8

+.4

+.3

+.1

+.03

0

-.04

-.1

-.2

-.5

+0.1

+.04

+.03

+.03

+.02

0

-.4

-.5

-.8

-1

+0.06

+.03

+.02

+.01

+.003

0

-.004

-.007

-.01

-.03

+2

+100 -

-

-

-i

K7

-.5

-.3

kOB

+1

+50 -. -- +.9

+25 +.6

+10 +.1

0, average use 0

-.06

-.2

-.3

-.7

0

-10 . —.2

-25 .- —.6

-50.. . -1

— 100, no application -2

Potash:

Total use short tons.. 3,686

7

20

8,087

9

45

1,428

.7

3

431

8

60

61

2

10

300

.3

2

13,993

Average use pounds per acre.. 3

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O .percent.. 13

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 -

Predicted percent change in yield with change In K2O fertilizer rate

+10

+6

+4

+2

+1

0

-1

+5

+3

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.5

+0.3

+.2

+.1

+.07

+.03

0

-.04

+11+6

-3

--1

+.5

0

-.6

tl +0.05+.03

+.01

+.007

+.003

0

-.001

+3

+1

+1

+.6

+.2

0

+100 -

+60 K9

-.4

k2

+25 -

+10 -

0

-.2

0 0 0

-10 --- - —.2
38 AGEICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 53.—Sorghum grain, lint cotton, and tobacco in the north central region: Estimated average yield from given application

rate of N^ P2OB, and Ä^20, 1960 basis

Sorghum grain (bushels per acre) Lint cotton (pounds per acre) 1 Tobacco (pounds per acre)

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Mo. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

ni. Mo.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Ohio Ind.

Weighted

average tor

States reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 1,822

1,748

1,615

1,432

1.325

1,262

1,200

1,648

1,495

1,496

1,488

1,410

1,320

1,248

1,100

1,495

1,343

1,300

1,182

1,020

916

850

800

1,343

1,822

1748

1,615

1,644

1,462

1,421

1,370

1,666

1,496

1,625

1,439

1,277

1,117

1,003

833

1,422

1,343

1,600

1,461

1,383

1,288

1,223

1,167

1,614

120 826

766

662

604

424

350

456

826

766

662

604

424

350

456

80

40 32

28

25

22

24

32

28

25

22

22

32

28

25

22

22

1,600

1,630

1,600

1,466

1,625

20

10

• 0

Average use (cf. table 64)

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

120 _. 1,640

1,415

1,210

1,016

880

700

1,386

80 640

609

476

455

429

444

816

770

742

724

700

732

813

767

739

721

697

729

40 29

28

27

26

26

29

28

27

26

26

29

28

27

26

26

20

10

0

Average use (cf. table 54)

Potash rate:

160

120 _ 794

780

735

704

690

665

700

794

780

732

701

687

662

697

1,600

1,600

1,665

1,475

1,410

1,350

1,600

80

40 28

27

26

25

25

28

27

26

25

25

474

440

420

385

402

20 -

10

0

Average use (cf. table 54)
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 39

TABLE 54.—Sorghum grain, lint cotton, and tobacco in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting

from increases or decreases from average application rate of N, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

•use

Sorghum grahi Lint cotton Tobacco

Acreages, yields, and fertllizei

Mo. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

111. Mo.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Ohio Ind.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Aijreages and yields:

Planted acreage

Harvested acreage, 1,000 acres;

Orftin_ __ _ _

-1,000 acres.. 150

23

38

64

4

119

472

361

124

180

3,040

1,754

408

860

2

3,024

42,096

3,468

1,806

100

3,190

1,777

446

914

6

3,143

42,568

3,829

1,930

280

6 440 445 20 10 30

Silage - -

Forage ..- -

Sirup

Total 4 425 429 21 10 31

Total production:

Grain ._ 1,000 bushels1.000 tons.-

do—.

1,000 gallons..

1,000,000 pounds

Silage -

Forage

Sirup -_

Cotton. 1 127 128

Tobacco - 1,000 pounds.. 24,610 12,850 37,460

Average yield:

Grain. bushels per acre..

tons per acre..

do - .

20

10

2

45

24

8

2

60

24

8

2

47

Silage

Forage.

Sirup -- gallons per acre..

Cotton or tobbaco pounds per acre.. 271

50

298

36

298

36

1,172

73

1,285

70

2,457

Average vield -- percent of potential-. 62 75 75 72

Nitrogen:

Total use.

Average use

short tons..

. pounds per acre

300

4

25

480

.3

2

780

.6

3

3

1

20

2,904

13

60

2,907

13

60

180

18

100

472

90

100

652

43

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.. 100

Change in application rate, percent: Predicted percent change in yield with change In N fertilizer rate

4-om _ _ +10

+5

+3

0

-.8

-2

-3

-7

+1

+.4

+.2

t:J4

0

-.04

-.1

-.3

-.4

Ï.6

+.3

+.2

+.06

0

-.08

-.2

-.4

-.7

+35

+20

+9

-2

-6

-11

-23

+36

+20

+9

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-11

-23

+8

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

+8

+100... +12

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-6

-12

-27

+7

+50 +4

4-25 . +2

+10 . +.9

0, average use.. 0 0

-10 -.9

-25... -2

-60 -5

—100, no application -12

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use -

Average use

short tons_-

pounds per acre..

450

6

25

480

.3

2

930

.6

3

12

5

20

2,904

13

60

2,916

13

60

720

72

100

1,050

200

100

1,770

118

Planted acreage fertiUzed with P2O6 percent.- 100

Change In applicatioTi rate, percent: Predicted percent change in yield with change in PaOs fertilizer rate

-4-2m +6

+3

+2

+.8

+.5

0

-.4

-2

-2

-6

+0.4

+.2

+.1

+.06

+.02

0

-.02

-.04

-.08

-.2

+0.6

+.3

+.2

+.09

+.04

0

-.04

-.1

-.2

-.4

+5

+3

+.3

0

-.3

-.6

-1

-3

H-6

+3

+2

+.9

+.4

0

-.4

-.9

-2

-4

+2

+.9

+.4

0

-.4

-.9

-2

-4

+23

+16

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-6

-15

-60

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-26

+15

+100 +11

+60 +5

+25 +3

+10 . +1

0, average use 0

-10 -1

—25 -4

—60 -10

—100, no application _. -42

Potash:

Total use short tons.. 150

2

25

150

2

25

12

6

20

3,960

18

60

3,972

18

60

720

72

100

945

180

100

1,665

Average use pounds per acre.. 111

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent.- 100

Change In application rate, percent:

-Loon

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K3O fertilizer rate

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.6

-2

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.6

-2

+5

+3

+2

+.7

+.3

0

-.3

-.9

-2

-4

+8

H-4

+2

+.7

+.2

0

-.6

-1

-2

-5

+8

+4

+2

+.7

+.2

0

-.5

-1

-2

-6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-2

-10

-41

0

+100 0

I

0

0

0

-16

0

+60 0

+26 0

+10 0

0. average use . 0 0

—10 0

—25 - --

-1

—60 -6

—100 no aDDÜcation . - - -- -24
40 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF.AGRICULTURE

TABLE 55.—Sugar heels in the north central region: Estimated average yield {tons 'per acre) from given application rate of N*

P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Ohio Ind. Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa N. Dak. S. Dak. Nebr. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 17

16

15

12

11

10

9

10

17

16

14

11

8

7

6

10

17

15

13

9

7

6

6

10

17

120 17

17

16

14

12

11

11

17

17

16

14

12

11

12

17

16

15

14

13

12

12

13

17

16

15

12

11

11

10

11

17

17

16

14

12

11

15

17

80 - - 16

15

13

12

10

12

15

12

11

11

10

10

16

14

13

12

12

12

15

16

15

15

14

14

16

15

16

15

14

16

16

40--- - 15

20 14

10 12

0 - _ -

Averaee use fcf table 56)

11

12

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 17

120 16

15

12

8

7

6

12

17

16

14

12

10

7

8

17

17

16

14

12

11

10

10

17

16

14

12

10

7

15

17

17

16

14

12

11

10

14

17

16

14

12

10

7

17

17

17

16

14

12

11

10

17

16

80 13

13

12

12

11

13

15

14

14

13

13

13

15

15

15

14

14

15

15

15

15

14

14

15

15

40 14

20 12

10 _ 11

0 10

Average use (cf. table S6) 14

Potash rate:

160 - 17

120 17

15

14

11

10

9

14

17

80 13

13

13

12

12

12

15

15

15

15

15

15

16

40 - 13

20 12

10 11

0 11

Average use (cf. table 56)-- - 13

TABLE 56.—Sugar beets in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases

from average application rate of AT, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Ohio Ind. Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa N.Dak. S. Dak. Nebr. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage

Harvested acreage..

Total production--.

Average yield

Do1,000 acres.

--do—

-.1,000 tons.

--tons per acre-

-percent of potential.

30

22

277

13

76

12

70

122

98

1,020

10

59

63

43

437

10

6

9

53

35

22

222

10

67

10

4

49

12

75

61

59

812

14

10

4

45

11

73

351

261

2,958

11

Nitrogen:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with N.

short tons-

- pounds per acre-

-percent150

10

100

1

10

649

9

100

32

27

90

5

100

7

1

10

167

5

11

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 -

flOO

+50 -

+25 - -

+10-—

0, average use

-10 —

-25 -.

-60 -

—100, no application -

+21

+13

+6

+2

+1

0

-2

-3

-7

-13

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

167

32

80

1,220

8

76

+7

+1

+.6

+.2

+.09

0

- 09

-.3

-.7

-2

+23

+12

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-12

+14

+6

+4

+3

+1

0

-1

-2

-4

-7

+14

+11

+8

+6

+2

0

-3

-7

-15

-28

+6

+4

+2

+.8

+.6

0

-.6

-.8

-2

-4

+2

+1

+.7

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.6

-1

+3

+2

+1

+.7

+.3

0

-.3

-.8

-2

-5

+14

+8+3

0

-.8

-2

-4

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use - —

Average use -

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6-.

short tons

.pounds per acre.

percent.

600

40

100

2

4

10

3,294

54

100

276

32

90

620

20

50

182

162

90

840

48

100

10

2

10

479

16

31

167

32 37

75

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2OJ fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 -

+100— -

+50 -

+25 -

+10

0, average use

-10-

-25

-50

—100, no application

+42

+27

+16+8

+3

0

-4

-11

-22

-50

+28

+16

+7

+4

+1

0

-2

-3

-7

-16

+16

+13

+9

+4

+2

0

-2

-6

-14

-53

+50

"29

—16

--11

+4

0

-8

-14

-21

-36

+12

+6

+3

+2

+.8

0

-.9

-2

-4

-7

+1

+1

+.7

+.2

+.06

0

-.09

-2

-6

-16

+0.9

+.4

+.2

+.2

+.06

0

-.05

-.1

-.2

-.5

+4

+2

+1

+.7

+.3

0

-.4

-1

-2

+3

+2

+1

+.7

+.3

0

-.3

-1

-2

-8

+14

+10+6+3

+i

-2

-4

-10

Potash:

Total useAverage use

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O.

short tons-

-pounds per acre-

--- percent.

600

40

100

2

4

10

2,196

36

100

413

49

90

310

10

50

546

466

90

175

10

100 10

4,272

26

71

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100 -

+60 -.

+26

+10 —-

0, average use

-10 -

+23

+14+7

+4

+J

-2

+10

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.4

+24

+18

+10+6

-3

+62

+41

+21

+11

+4

0

-4

+12

+6

+3

+2

+.7

0

-.9

+3

+3

+2

+.8

+.4

0

-.4

+0.07

+.04

+.02

+.008

+.003

0

-.004

+17

+11+6+3

+2

0

-2
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 41

TABLE 57.—Flaxseed in the north central region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of

N, P2O5, and K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa S. Dak. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 . - ..

120

80 — . . . 26

21

15

11

6

8

26

40 - - 10

9

8

6

6

10

9

8

6

7

10

9

8

6

7

Ï3

11

8

6

6

11

20 -- 10

10 . . .. 8

0 - . 6

Average use (cf. table 68) _._ _ 7

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

120 - - .. -

80 - — .. . . 13

10

8

8

6

6

13

10

8

8

ti

6

13

10

8

8

6

7

13

10

1

6

7

13

10

8

8

6

6

la

40 - - 10

20 8

10 8

0 - 6

Average use (c^. table 68) . 7

Potash rate:

160

120 -

80 -- - - 7

7

7

7

6

6

7

7

7

7

6

6

7

7

7

7

6

6

7

7

7

7

6

6

7

40 - T

20 7

10 _ _ _ 7

0 . . _. 6

Averaee use Ccf. table 68) 6^

TABLE 58.—Flaxseed in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases

from average application rate of iV, P2Ô5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fert-ilizer use Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa S. Dak. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted anrp.a?« 1,000 acres. _ 6

5

30

6

46

14

9

126

14

108

1,184

1,206

13,265

11

85

68

82

1,353

16

123

700

603

4,627

9

69

37

27

189

7

27

2.008

Harvested acreage

Total production. _'. _ - -

do.—

.1,000 bushels.-

1,831

19,480

Average yield — bushels per acre.. 11

Do -— —. ..percent of potential.. 81

Nitrogen:

Toteluse - short tons.. 1

.4

10

444

.8

25

40

1

15

4

.01

.2

37

2

10

626

Average use. - — pounds per acre.. .6-

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.. 16

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change In application rate, percent:

+2

+1

+.4

+.3

+.2

0

-.3

-.4

-.7

-1

+4

+2

+1

+.6

+.2

0

-.2

-.6

-1

-2

+6

+4

-1-2

+.9

+.4

0

-.4

-.9

-2

-3

+0.2

+.2

+.1

+.09

+.07

0

-.03

-.09

-.2

-.3

+27

+14

+8

+4

-2

-4

-8

-16

+3

+100 — - +2

+50 _ +.8

+25 +.4

+10 +.2'

0. average use . 0 0

—10 -.2

_25 -

-.4

—50 - -.9-

-loo, no application -2

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use . short tons.. 6

2

10

8

1

15

2,960

6

25

200

6

15

7

.02

.2

3,181

pounds pp-T* apTfi 3

Planted acreage"fertiiiised with PVÓ¿V"""/^^^.. percent.. 16

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PjOs fertilizer rate

Change In application rate, percent:

-l_onn +9

+4

+2

+1

+.4

-1

-2

-4

+4

+2

+1

+.4

+.2

0

-.2

-.6

-1

-2

+14

+7

+4

0

-.7

-2

-4

-8

+15

+10

+6

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-9

+0.8

+.4

+.2

+.09

+.04

0

-.02

-.07

-.2

-.4

+9

_Linn - +6

4.fin +3

4.0K +1

+10 +.5

0. average use - --- 0 0

-.6

OK -1

go - -3

-100, no application -6

Potash:

_ short tons.. 3

1

10

8

1

16

1,480

2

25

10

.3

15

1,601

pounds per acre.. 2

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent.. 24

Predicted percent change In yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change In appUcation rate, percent: +4

f.

+.1

0

-.1

+4

+2

+.9

+.4

+.1

0

-.2

+5

+4

+2

+.9

+.4

0

-.6

+.2

+.1

+.07

0

-.07

+6

- -inn*" * +4

4_»tf\ _ +2

4_OK +.8

j_in . +.4

0 0 0

—in - --- -.5
42 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 59.—Potatoes in the north central region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of

N, P2O6, and K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertUizer rates (pounds per acre) Ohio Ind. 111. Mich. Wis.

410

365

307

230

180

145

108

145

412

404

358

269

200

150

88

196

405

349

263

159

104

75

50

188

Minn. Iowa Mo. N.Dak. S. Dak. Nebr. Kans.

Weighted

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate;

160 . 320

300

246

186

149

126

100

139

325

300

260

185

150

125

100

202

350

300

250

150

117

105

94

133

""'362'

325

275

203

164

125

200

""4ÔÔ'

383

325

275

212

150

377

"""4ÖÖ"

374

322

260

200

150

375

410

365

307

226

180

145

108

112

368

337

280

187

133

104

70

104

375

325

263

185

138

106

75

106

198

198

197

179

164

156

150

152

190

190

190

180

170

160

150

155

202

196

182

168

160

164

150

160

390

120 353

80 387

338

285

243

200

325

500

475

446

422

398

418

476

442

390

306

239

197

160

331

359

314

255

188

150

119

100

277

600

475

446

422

398

403

476

442

390

306

239

197

150

187

359

314

255

188

150

119

100

103

350

332

300

276

257

322

""'228'

212

203

193

196

330

40 194

186

183

180

181

194

186

183

180

185

253

20 214

10 189

0 163

Average use (cf. table 60) -.. 196

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 - — 382

120 362

300

225

162

128

100

362

354

326

280

260

248

230

272

""232'

225

218

213

230

370

80 - - 329

40 187

179

175

165

178

187

179

175

165

183

242

20 - - 203

10 - 173

0 141

Average use (cf. table 60) 233

Potash rate:

160 - 370

120 - 362

300

200

160

125

100

362

347

80 .. 350

300

276

264

252

291

" "239"

225

222

214

219

296

40 _,. 194

194

192

192

192

222

20 183

10 __ 160

0 137

Average use (cf. table 60) 228

TABLE 60.—Potatoes in the north central region: Estimated

average application rate

percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

of Nj PiOf,, and KiOy 1960 basis

Acreages, 3rields, and fertilizer use

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage-.- 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage do-._

Total production 1,000 bushels.

Average yield bushels per acre

Do— percent of potentialNitrogen:

Total use. short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with N...percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 --

+100

+60 —-

+25.---

+10

0, average use -

-10 —

-25 - -

-50 - -

—100, no application

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use _ short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with PiOs. percent.

Ohio

39

38

7,600

200

52

Ind.

19

19

4.845

255

51

111.

10

9

882

98

28

Mich.

97

97

17,460

180

45

Wis.

75

77

15,015

195

47

Minn.

100

98

17,640

180

44

Iowa

10

1,300

130

Mo.

17

17

2,346

138

39

N. Dak.

120

117

22,230

190

79

S. Dak.

15

15

2,250

150

74

Nebr.

53

52

11,700

225

116

Kans.

11

10

1,060

106

55

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

565

559

104,328

187

585

30

100

76

8

80

855

18

98

338

9

60

62

1

25

7

2

20

272

32

50

150

2

42

26

4

23

83

3 16

80

2.622

9

54

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+21

+15

+8

+4

+2

0

-4

-12

-15

+8 +43 +45 +37 +10 +2 +20 +2 +3 +2 +3

--5 +25 +26 +21 +6 --1 +12 +2 +2 --1 --2

--2 +12 +14 +10 +2 +.7 +7 +1 +.7 --.4 --1

+1 +7 +8 --4 +1 +.4 +4 +.5 +.4 --.3 +.7

+.4 +2 +3 --2 +.4 +.2 +2 +.2 +.1 —.1 +.3

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-.8 -1 -3 -2 -.4 -.2 -2 -.3 -.1 -.1 -.7

-1 -7 -8 -6 -1 -.4 -4 -.6 -.4 -.2 -1

-2 -16 -16 -14 -2 -.7 -9 -.8 -.8 -.4 -3

-5 -28 -37 -28 -5 -2 -20 -1 -2 -1 -4

456 240 3,420 720 500 30 272 1,800 35 359 176

48 48 70 19 10 7 32 30 5 14 32

80 80 98 60 25 28 50 42 23 27 80

+18

+11

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-7

-16

2,340

120

100

10,348

37

56

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PaOs fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+60

+25

+10 - -

0, average use

-10

-25 - - -...

—100, no application

Potash:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O.percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100 -

+50 -

+25 - -

+10- — -

0, average use

-10-—

-25 -

+13

+13

+13

+9

+4

0

-4

-13

-27

-73

+42

+23

+16

+9

+3

0

-4

-11

-23

-55

+58

+36

+18

+11

+4

0

-7

-13

-22

-50

+6

+6

+6

+4

+1

0

-3

-7

-19

-61

+60

+34

+15

+9

+6

0

-5

-11

-24

-55

+57

+28

+14

+7

+2

0

-2

-7

-17

-31

+30

+16

+7

+4

+1

0

-3

-4

-8

-19

+26

+13

+6

+3

+.9

0

-1

-3

-8

-15

+2

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.6

-2

-3

-7

+6

+3

+2

+1

+.3

0

-.6

-1

-2

-3

+5

+3

+2

+1

+.3

0

-.4

-1

-2

-8

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.5

-1

-3

-11

+32

+14

+8

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-14

-34

2,340

120

100

912

96

80

160

32

4,275 2,025

54

500

10

25

7

2

20

272

32

50

450

8

41

9

1

23

32

1

10,982

40

63

Predicted percent change in yield with change in KaO fertilizer rate

+24

+16

+11

+5

0

-4

-13

+64 +107 +4 +116 +48 +8 +25 +4 +0.8 0

+38 +56 +4 +72 "25 +4 +12 --2 +.4 0

+20 +31 +4 +40 "13 +2 +6 "1 +.2 0

+11 +12 +2 +24 +6 +1 +3 +.6 +.08 0

+4 +4 +1 +12 +2 +.4 +1 +.2 +.03 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-7 -3 -2 -3 -3 -.5 -1 -.2 -.05 0

-14 -7 -6 -15 -8 -1 -3 -.6 -.1 0

+33

+20

+11

+6

+3

0

-2

-6
FEETILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 43

TABLE 61.—Vegetables in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases

from average application rate of N, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Ohio Ind. ni. Mich. Wis. Minn. Iowa Mo. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do

Total production 1,000 tons

76

60

310

6

113

120

490

4

146

122

376

3

175

106

476

4

246

239

589

2

120

126

332

3

46

24

73

3

26

18

43

2

11

1

1

1

966

806

2,689

Average yield « tons'ner acre 3

Do percent of potential..

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons 600

16

100

799

14

88

1,310

18

90

1,212

14

100

1,096

9

85

162

3

18

178

8

78

125

10

100

100

18

90

6,582

12

82

Average use pounds per acre. .

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent..

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+44

+24

+3

0

-3

-6

-12

-24

+20

+13

+8

+5

-.6

-2

-6

-19

+8

+4

+2

+1

+.6

0

-.5

-1

-2

-7

+25

+16

+8

+2

0

-2

-4

-9

-18

+6

+3

^7

+.3

0

-.4

-.8

-1

-4

+2

K

0

-.07

-.2

-.7

-2

+13 ÎI

0

-.8

-4

-6

-16

+34

Ç?

+3

+1

0

-2

-3

-8

-16

+21

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-8

-16

+16

+100 +9

+50 +4

+25 _ +2

+10 ::.:.:.. +1

0, average use 0

-10 _ -1

-25 -2

-50 .- -4

—100, no application -11

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.. 1,500

40

100

2,621

46

88

3,930

64

90

6,112

70

100

4,113

33

85

650

11

18

595

26

78

375

30

100

200

36

90

20,096

Averageuse pounds per acre.. 42

Planted acreage fertilized with PjOs — percent.. 82

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 +40

+24

+16

+8

+3

0

-3

-7

-17

-36

+11

+8

+5

+3

+.9

0

-1

-4

-8

-21

+35

+25

+14

í¡

0

-2

-9

-18

-41

+26

+16

+8

-2

-6

-12

-28

+10

+6

+3

1-

-.5

-1

-3

-6

+40

+22

+10

+6

+3

0

-2

-6

-12

-26

+14

+25

+16

+6

^%

-3

-9

-17

-37

+1

+1

+1

Î:ï

0

-.7

-2

-2

-10

+26

+100 +27

-4

-10

-21

-50

+17

+50 +10

+26 +6

+10 - +2

0, average use.. ._ . _. ... 0

-10

-25

-2

-6

-50 -13

—100, no application -29

Potash:

Total use short tons.. 1,312

35

100

2,621

46

88

2,620

36

90

4,600

51

100

4,113

33

85

650

11

18

218

10

78

125

10

100

50

9

90

16,209

Average use pnnnilp per acr« 34

Planted acreage fertilized with KsO percent. _ 82

Predicted percent change in yield with change hi KaO fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+14

+7

+2

0

-3

-8

-16

-34

+24

+17

+10

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-11

-32

+8

+6Îî

+.6

0

-.9

-2

-4

-10

+29

+23

+3

0

-3

-7

-16

-34

+29

+15 x%

+2

0

-2

-4

-10

-20

+7ÎI

+.8

+.3

0

-.5

-.9

-2

-6

+16

+3

+.7

0

-1

-3

-6

-14

+8

+2

+.7

+.3

0

-.6

-1

-2

-5

+4

+3

-.2

-1

-2

-6

+23

+100 +14

+50 - -7

+25 -4

+10 -2

0, average use _ .. 0

—10 -2

-25 -4

-50 -9

—100, no application -21

1
44 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 62.—Fruits in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of N, P2O5, and K2O, i960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Ohio Ind. lU. Mich. Iowa Mo. Kans.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage _ 1,000 acres 291 65 76 271 4 85 16 798

Harvested acreage _do

Total production 1,000 tons..

Average yield _ tons per acre..

Do percent of potential.-

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons..

Avfiragft iL«îft _ _ _ ,..,pounds per ^çT(\

1,314

9

74

96

4

35

460

12

60

4,880

36

90

28

14

25

266

6

100

13

2

5

7,057

18

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.. 77

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 __ +17

+8

+5

+1

+.7

0

-1

-5

-8

-16

+34

+18

+10

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-11

-22

+3

tí

+.6

V

-.2

-.6

-1

-2

+35

+24

+14

+7

-4

-10

-21

-62

+44

+26

+16

+7

+2

0

-3

-10

-19

-60

+30

+17

+10

tl

0

-2

-6

-10

-20

+14

+7

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-4

-7

+24

li

+1

0

-2

-6

-12

-31

+100 _

+50

+25.

+10 __.

0, average use _

—10

-25.— __

-50

—100, no application . _

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use _ short tons.. 1,256

9

74

48

2

35

1,380

36

60

4,880

36

90

1

.6

25

7,565 Average use— 22 _ pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with PaOs percent- 76

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O5 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+2

+1

î:l

+.2

0

-.3

-.8

-1

-4

+0.6

+.3

+.2

+.07

+.03

0

-.05

-.08

-.2

-.3

+1

--1

+.7

--.2

--.1

0

-.2

-.7

-2

-3

+2

tt

+.2

0

-.2

-.7

-1

-3

+0.2

+.09

+.04

+.01

+.006

0

-.01

-.03

-.05

-.1

+2

+9

+ 7

+.3

V2

+100 _ _

+50 _.._

+25-

+10

0, average use 0 0

-10....

-25 7

-60 I

-100, no application _.

-3

Potash:

Total use short tons.. 1,247

9

74

48

2

35

920

24

60

4,880

36

90

7,095 Average 20 use. _ pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with KaO percent.. 76

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 +6

+2

+.7

V

-.6

-1

-2

-6

+.2

+!06

0

-.05

-.1

-.2

-.5

+43

+27

+15

+9

+3

0

-4

-9

-20

-67

+3

+2

-.2

-.8

-2

-6

+8

Î!

+.6

0

-.7

-2

-4

11

+100 _

+60

+25

+10

0, average use _ 0 0 Ö""

-25 _ :.

-60

—100, no application
PEETILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 45

TABLE 63.—Dry hearts and mint in the north central region:

Estimated average yield {pounds per acre) from given application rate of N, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre)

Michigan

Dry beans Mint

Nitrogen rate:

160

120

80 -

40 1,545

1,524

1,422

1,230

1,282

20

10 _ - -- _

0 -

Average use (cf. table 64)

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 -

120

80 1,626

1,660

1,440

1,350

1,250

1,422

40 42

20 - 37

10 32

0 25

Averaee use (cf. table 64) 42

Potash rate:

160

120

80 46

40 1,485

1,425

1,350

1,272

1,350

37

20 -- 27

10 --- 20

0 17

Averaee use (cf. table 64) 44

TABLE 64.—Dry beans^ mint^ and bromegrass seed in the north

central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting

from increases or decreases from average application rate of

N, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Di-y

beans Mint Bromegrass seed

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use

Mich. Mich. Iowa Nebr.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do

Total production-.l,000,000 pounds..

Do 1,000 pounds

481

420

399

16

15

10 35 45

386

26

56

Average yield pounds per acre..

Do .percent of potential..

950

58

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons..

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with N

percent..

577

2

80

250

50

167

5

417

18

Predicted percentage change in yield

with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200-.-. _ +9

+5

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-4

-4

.......

+44

+42

+27

+14

+6

0

-5

-15

-30

-62

+50

+30

+20

+10

+4

0

-4

-10

-20

-30

+49

+100 +33

+50 -- - - _ +22

+25 +11

+10... _ +4

0, average use 0

—10 -4

—25 -11

-50 -22

—100, no application -37

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons 4,620

19

80

280

Average use pounds per acre.. 37

Planted acreage fertilized with

P2O5 percent..

Predicted percentage change in yield

with change in PzOs fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 +13

+8

+5

+3

+2

0

-1

-2

-5

-12

+100 +12

+6

+2

+.5

0

-1

-4

-14

-40

+50

+25

+10

0, average use 0 0 0

—10

—25

—50

—100, no application

Potash:

Total use short tons 2,310

10

80

560

Average use.. pounds per acre.. 75

Planted acreage fertilized with K3O

percent--

Predicted percentage change in yield

with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 +9

+6

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.5

-1

-3

-6

+100 +2

+5

+6

+2

0

-3

-7

-20

-62

+50

+25

+10

0, average use . 0 0 0

—10

—25

-50 -

—100, no application
46 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF.AGRICULTURE

TABLE 65.—Hay in the north central region: Estimated average yield (tons per acre) from given application rate of N, P20ß, and

K20y 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Ohio Ind. 111. Mich. WIs. Minn. Iowa Mo. N. Dak. S. Dak. Nebr. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 ... 4.0

3.5

3.0

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.6

4.0

120 3.4

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.7

3.3

3.2

2.8

2.4

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.6

3.2

3.1

2.7

2.0

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.2

2.7

2.4

1.9

1.6

1.3

1.1

1.1

3 3

80 -. 3.7

3.0

2.4

2.0

1.6

1.6

3.9

3.6

3.3

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.2

3.9

3.7

3.3

2.7

2.3

2.0

1.8

1.8

3.3

2.6

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.6

3.6

3.3

2.9

2.2

1.6

1.2

.8

.9

3.3

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

3 3

40 - 3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.7

20 ... 2 4

10 2 2

0 2 0

Average use (cf. table 66).. _.- . 2 0

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.1

2.6

2.1

3.4

4.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.6

"'TV

3.5

3.2

2.8

2.5

2.0

2.3

""s.V

3.4

3.1

2.7

2.3

2.0

2.2

3 7

120 - - 3.5

3.0

2.3

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.6

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.4

2.0

1.7

1.4

1.5

3 6

80 _ _. 2.8

2.2

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.2

2.0

2.1

3.0

2.6

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.0

3 1

40 2.1

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.6

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.6

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.8

2 7

20 - 2 3

10 2 1

0 1 8

Average use (cf. table 66) 2.0

Potash rate:

160 3 7

120 3.6

3.1

2.6

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.9

3 6

80 ..- 2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.6

""'2.'9'

2.8

2.8

2.8

/2.8

3.2

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.2

2.3

3 1

40 2 6

20 2 4

10 2 2

0 _- 2.0

Average use (cf. table 66) 2.1

TABLE 66.—Hay in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in'yields resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of AT", P2O5, and KiOj 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Ohio Ind. m. Mich. Wis. Minn, Iowa Mo. I N.Dak. S. Dak. Nebr. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage.. 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage do

Total production 1,000 tons..

Average yield tons per acre..

Do _,.percent of potential

2,577

2,680

3.994

1.6

43

1,740

1,850

2.622

1.4

41

2,363

2,797

4,602

1.

40

2,683

2,735

3,794

1.4

40

3,862

3,946

7,051

1.8

46

2,651

3,812

5.494

1.4

35

3,677

3,648

6,347

L7

67

3,686

3,686

4.823

1.3

36

750

3,679

3,440

4,600

4,677

3,405

21'

1,420

4,532

6,115

1.1

1.316

1.950

3,273

1.7

52

31,225

39,992

63,960

1.3

39

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N percent.

174

. 10"

.2

1,236

.6

891 25 1,152

2

35

4,658

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

H-200

+100-.- -

+50 - -.

+26-

+10

0, average use

-10 — -_

-25--

-50 -

—100, no application

+0.6

+.4

+.3

+.2

+.3

0

-. 1

-.2

-.3

-.4

+0.4

+.3

+.2

+.1

+.06

0

-.Oí

-.2

-.2

-.3

+0.5

+.2

+.1

+.07

+.04

0

-.04

-.08

-.2

-.3

+3

+1

+.8

+.5

+.2

0

-.1

-.3

-.6

-.7

+0.05

+.03

+.01

+.006

+.003

0

-.003

-.007

-.02

-.04

+6

+3

+2

+.7

+r

0

-.5

-.9

-2

-4

+1

+6

+.4

+.2

+.09

0

-.09

-.2

-.4

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use - short tons.

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with P2O6 percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 - - -.

+100 -

+50 —

+25

+10

0, average use -

-10. - -__

-25 -

-60 -

—100, no application.

3,354

3

10

3,480

4

10

59,100

50

26

8,040

6

10

1,854

1

5,300

4

10

5,040

3

7

4,455

2

4

1,126

3

4

800

.3

,161

2

3

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O5 fertilizer rate

,212

14

35

102,921

7

+7

+4

+2

+1

+.6

0

-.6

-1

-2

-3

Potash:

Total use _ -_ short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200-.- - --

+100 —-

+60.-

+26 —

+10

0, average use

-10 --

-25

2,838

2

10

+12

+6

+3

+1

+.4

0

-.7

-1

-2

-4

,740

2

10

+19

+19

+12

+7

+4

0

-4

-8

-23

-55

+23

+14

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-4

-8

-12

2,680

2

10

+2

+.9

+.4

+.2

+.04

0

-.1

_ 2

-A

1,854

1

+10

+5

+2

+1

+9.5

0

-.6

-1

-3

-6

5,300

4

10

+8

+3

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.5

-1

-2

-4

480

+22

+11

+7

+3

+1

0

-2

-3

-4

-6

2,227

1

4

+6

+3

+2

+.

+.2

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

+0.1

+.06

+.03

+.01

+.004

0

-.008

-.02

-.04

-.08

+2

+1

+.5

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.5

+9

+4

+2

+.7

+.3

0

-.4

-.9

+6

+2

+1

+.8

+.3

0

-.5

-.9

Predicted percent change in yield with change in KjO fertilizer rate

+10

+6

+3

1

+.4

0

-.7

-2

-4

-10

1,152

2

35

+10

+6

+3

+2

+.7

0

-.9

-2

-4

-8

18,271

2

10

+5

+4

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.5

-1

+4

+2

+.8

+.4

+.2

0

-.2

-.5

+6

+3

+2

+.8

+.4

0

-.4

-.8

+0.2

+.1

+.05

+.03

+.02

0

-.02

-.04

+2

+.5

+.4

+.4

+.3

0

-.5

+6 +4

--4 +2

--4 +1

+.9 +.6

+.4 +.3

0 0

-.9 -.4

-1 -.7
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 47

TABLE 67.—Pasture and cover crops in the north central region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases

decreases from average application rate of iV, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

or

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Ohio Ind. El. Mich. Wis. Mum. Iowa Mo. N. Dak. Nebr. Kans.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do

4,000 4,751 5,200 1,800 3,600 1,316 8,012 200 260 1,800 19,309 60,248

Total production 1,000 tons..

Average yield tons per acre..

Do percent of potentialNitrogen:

Total use short tons.. 238

.1

5

1,080

.6

5

660

1

10

120

.03

1

1,080

11

90

259

.3

4 1

4,885

Average use pounds per acre- .2

Planted acreage fertilized with N

percent-- 3

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

if..

+.3

+.1

0

-.2

-.3

-.6

-1

it

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.5

-1

-2

-4

+5

+3

+1

+.6

+.3

0

-.3

-.7

-2

-3

+0.06

+.04

--.02

+.01

+.004

0

-.005

-.01

-.02

-.06

+32

+18

+9

+5

+1

0

-1

-5

-10

-19

^^.6

+.3

+.1

+.05

0

-.06

-.1

-.3

-.6

"le

+.3

+.2

+.06

0

-.07

-.2

-.3

-.6

+1

+100 - +1

+50 +.5

+25 - - +.3

+10 +.1

0, average use.. -_ 0 0 0 0 0

-10 __ -.1

-25 - -.3

-50 _ -.5

—100, no application -1

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons 11,200

6

20

4,751

2

6

78,000

30

15

5,400

6

10

1,080

.6

6

2,640

4

10

1,260

.3

1

6,400

54

90

500

4

19

2,636

3

9

112,867

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with P3O6—

percent— 9

Predicted percent change hi yield with change in P2O5 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 +25

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-13

+3

+1

+.5 th

0

-.08

-.2

-.5

-.9

+9

+9

+7

+4

+?

-2

-5

-9

-18

+31

+14

+8

+4

+1

0

-1

-4

-9

-19

+0.9

+.4

+.2

+.1

+.05

0

-.05

-.1

-.2

-.4

+18

+6

+5

+2

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-3

-6

+7

+4

+2

+.9

+.5

0

-.5

-1

-2

-5

+33

+25

+13

+8

+2

0

-4

-12

-29

-67

+5

+3

ÎÎ

-.3

-.8

-2

-3

+6

+3

+2

0

-.6

-2

-3

-5

+10

+100 +6

+50 +3

+25 - +2

+10 _ +.7

0, average use 0 0

—10 -.8

—25 . - -. -2

—50 -4

—100. no aDolication -8

Potash:

Total use short tons 9,600

5

20

1,188

.5

5

1,800

2

10

1,080

.6

5

1,320

2

10

120

.03

1

2,700

27

90

17,808

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertüized with KaO—

percent-.

2

8

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 +7

+4

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.5

-1

-2

-4

+0.2

+.2

+.1

+.1

+.05

0

-.03

-.07

-.1

-.2

5"

+4

+1

+.8

0

-.06

-.3

-.8

-1

+2

+2

+.8

+.4

+.08

0

-.08

-.2

-.2

-.4

+1

+.7

+.3

+.2

+.07

0

-.08

-.2

-,4

-.6

+0.006

+.003

+.002

+.001

0

0

0

-.001

-.003

-.005

+21

+13

+6

+4

+1

0

-1

-3

-8

-17

+2

+100 +1

A-i)0 +.6

-1-25 +.3

+10 +.1

0, average use - . .

0 0 0 0

—10 -.2

—25 -.4

—50 -.7

—100 no annlipation -1
48 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

NORTHEASTERN STATES

TABLE 68.—Corn grain in the northeastern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of N,

P2O6, and K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Mass. N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W. Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

IRft 70

68

68

64

68

62

45

48

61

69

66

61

48

46

45

48

78

76

72

62

62

46

36

47

70

68

68

64

68

62

45

65

61

69

66

51

48

46

45

54

78

76

72

62

52

46

35

65

70

120 -- 89

67

44

32

26

20

29

85

76

60

50

46

40

45

83

80

74

67

61

65

69

80

78

76

74

72

71

70

75

80

80

76

68

60

65

60

70

80

80 . _. -- 86

82

78

74

66

71

75

40 72

71

70

66

69

66

20 . _ 60

10 _ - 56

0 - 60

Averaere use fcf table 69) - 67

Phosphoric oxide rate:

65

120 .- - - 66

64

68

64

62

60

69

70

66

60

56

52

60

67

95

92

88

85

83

80

87

71

80 - 72

71

70

70

70

71

68

40 _ 64

20 - 61

10 _ 69

0 _.. - 67

Averasre use fcf. table 69) 63

Potash rate:

160 78

120 - 70

66

59

55

62

60

53

85

85

82

78

74

66

72

74

80 66

53

42

36

30

40

70

40 . _ --- 70

70

69

68

69

66

20 - 60

10 - 67

0 - - 62

Average use (cf.table 69) 61

TABLE 69.—Corn grain in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of N^ P^O^, and ¿20, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Mass.

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage. - -- 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage do...

Total production _..1,000 bushels.

Average yield- bushels per acre.

Do - - percent of potential.

Nitrogen:

Total use - -- short tons.

Average use ...pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100 - -

+50

+25

+10 -

0, average use -

-10... —- .—

-25 -

-50 -

—100, no application

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.

Average use - pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with P3O6 percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+50

+25

+10 - - -

0, average use

-10

-25

-50 -

—100, no application

Potash:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 - -

+100

+50

+25

+10 -

0, average use

37

5

200

40

45

N. Y.

710

220

9,460

43

Pa.

1,355

1,076

48,958

46

54

N.J.

177

123

6,642

64

65

Del.

143

142

6,112

36

46

Md.

473

430

17,200

40

51

W. Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

300

240

37

39

3,195

2,236

96,452

43

44

280

15

90

8

75

5,760

9

85

2,300

26

100

313

4

60

10,199

43

75

960 22,474

14

74

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+57

+32

+15

+10

+1

0

-2

-9

-16

-30

+4

+3

+2

+.6

+.2

0

-.3

-.7

-2

-4

+18

+9

+4

+2

+1

0

-1

-2

-5

-11

+16

+10+6

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-8

-20

+13

+7

+4

+3

+.6

0

-.5

-2

-3

-7

+6

+5

+4

+2

+.8

0

-1

-4

-9

-31

+9

+5

+3

+2

+.7

0

-.7

-2

-4

-7

+12

+7

+4

+2

+.7

0

-.9

-2

-5

-12

840

45

90

11,981

34

75

17,280

26

85

4,600

62

100

1,437

20

60

14,420

61

75

4,200

28

80

64,768

34

74

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PjOj fertilizer rate

+13

+9

+5

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-7

-16

+3

+2

+.7

+.4

+.1

0

-.4

-.6

-1

-2

+16

+9

+5

+2

+.9

0

-1

-3

-6

-12

+6

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.6

-2

-3

+11

+5

+3

+1

+.5

0

-1

-2

-4

-7

+16

+10

+6+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-7

-13

+7

+4

+2

+1

+.3

0

-.6

-2

-4

+11+7+4

+2

+.Í

0

-,i

-2

-5

-9

280

15

90

2,662

8

75

10,368

15

85

4,600

52

100

832

12

60

11,606

40

76

1,200

8

80

31,548

20

74

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+39

+25

+11

+4

+2

0

+1

+.8

+.4

+.3

+.07

0

+12

+6

+3

+2

+.)

0

+13

+10

+6

+4

+2

0

+26

+14

+7

+4

+1

0

+21

+15

+9

+5

+2

0

+8

+6

+3

+2

+1

0

+12

+7

+4

+2

+1

0
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 49

TABLE 70.—Corn silage in the northeastern region: Estimated

average yield (tons per acre) from given application rate of iV,

P2O5, and K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds

per acre) Maine N.H. Vt. R.I. Conn.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 6

5

6

5

4

4

3

4

6

5

5

5

5

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

4

4

3

4

6

120 5

80 14

12

11

10

9

11

13

12

10

10

9

10

""iV

12

11

10

11

18

16

14

14

12

15

19

19

16

14

12

11

10

14

19

19

17

15

14

14

13

15

9

40 11

20 9

10 9

0 - 8

Average use (cf. table 71)

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

9

7

120 12

12

11

10

9

7

12

12

12

12

12

11

10

9

12

"15"

12

10

8

6

10

"20"

19

18

18

17

17

8

80 12

11

11

10

10

11

11

40 -.. 10

20 - 9

10 7

0 6

Average use (cf. table 71)

Potash rate:

160 -

9

8

120 8

80 14

40 - 12

12

12

12

12

13

20 12

10 12

0 11

Average use (cf. table 71) 12

TABLE 71.—Corn silage in the northeastern region: Estimated

percentage change in yield resulting from increases or de^

creases from average application rate of N, P2O51 ûwd K2O,

1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer

use

Maine N.H. Vt. R.I. Conn.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage.-.1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do

Total production...1,000 tons..

Average yield...tons per acre..

Do.--percent of potential..

17

11

110

10

71

11 61

11 64

110 672

10 10

77 50

8

6

67

10

53

45

38

418

11

183

142

130

1,367

10

93

Nitrogen:

Total use ...short tons..

Average use. .pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with

N - .percent..

159

19

75

100 180

18 6

90 25

106

26

80

225

10

50

770

11

47

Predicted percent change in 3^eld with

change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate,

percent:

+22

+12

+7

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-8

-16

+19

s+.9

0

-.9

-3

-5

-18

+13

+7

"4

"2

+.8

0

-.8

-2

-4

-8

+22

+12

+6

+2

+2

0

-2

-3

-7

-15

+24

+14

+8

+3

+1

0

-3

-6

-11

-19

+18

4-100 +11

+50 +6

+25 +2

+10 +1

0. average use 0

—10 -2

—25 -3

-50 -7

—100, no application. -14

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons..

Average use..pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with

P2O6 ...percent..

382

45

75

400

73

90

600

20

25

201

50

80

450

20

50

2,033

29

47

Predicted percent change in yield with

change in P3O4 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate,

percent:

+200 +10

+7

+5

+2

+1

0

-2

-4

-9

-42

+36

+20

+12

i¡

-2

-7

-17

-38

+35

+26

+14

+7

+3

0

-3

-6

-13

-26

+7

+5

+3

+2

+.8

0

-3

-5

-10

-26

+23

+100 . +4

+3

ti.6

0

-.6

-1

-3

-14

+13

+50 +8

-1-25 +4

-1-10 +1

0, average use. 0

—10 -2

—25 -5

—50 -13

—100, no application -31

Potash:

Total use 255

30

75

225

41

90

188

6

25

174

44

80

225

10

50

1,067

Average use..pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with

KaO percent..

14

47

Predicted percent change in yield with

change in K3O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate,

percent:

-|-2G0 - +3

+3

+2

0

-1

-4

-8

-25

+3

+2

+.9

ti

0

-.2

-.6

-.9

-2

+23

+13

+6

+3

+2

0

-2

-3

-7

-14

+23

+16

+11

tl

0

-2

-5

-12

-28

+11

-1-100 +0.04

+.03

+.002

+.008

0

-.009

-.017

-.035

-.85

+7

-j-50 -.. +4

-f25 +1

+10 +.6

0, average use 0

—10 -.9

—25 -2

—50 -5

—100, no application . -13
50 AGRICULTUKE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 72.—Wheat in the northeastern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, P2O5,

and K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Maine N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W.Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120

80

40 42

38

34

30

36

42

38

34

30

34

35

30

28

24

28

27

26

25

24

25

28

27

26

25

24

22

20

24

16

12

8

6

10

29

22

18

16

20

27

25

23

19

22

34

20 - 29

10 24

0 23

Average use (cf. table 73) ._ 27

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 28

120 18

17

14

12

11

10

16

20

80 26

24

22

22

21

24

23

40 32

31

28

26

30

32

32

28

25

32

11

10

9

8

11

29

28

27

26

29

24

20 22

10 - 21

0 - 20

Average use (cf. table 73) _ -_ - 24

Potash rate:

160

120

80 24

23

22

21

20

22

27

26

25

23

20

24

16

16

13

11

9

14

24

40 25

25

25

24

25

25

25

25

24

25

23

20

18

16

22

27

26

24

22

24

24

20 22

10 21

0- -- _ 20

Average use (cf.'table 73) .. - . 22

TABLE 73.—Wheat in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of AT, P2OB1 and 2^20, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use

Acreages and 3^elds:

Planted acreage

Harvested acreage..

Total production.-.

Average yield

Do

1,000 acres.

- do...

1,000 bushels.

bushels per acre.

.percent of potential.

Maine N. Y.

421

435

12,685

29

Pa.

872

19,184

22

63

N.J.

78

78

1,677

22

78

Del. Md.

61

61

1,037

17

94

329

329

6,086

18

62

W.Va.

90

66

1,221

18

62

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

1,880

1,841

41,790

23

66

Nitrogen:

Total use...

Average use..

Planted acreage fertilized with N..

short tons.

.pounds per acre.

percent.

14

14

45

1,612

8

76

3,884

9

96

340

9

70

392

13

2,410

16

262

6

83

8,914

10

90

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100 -

+60

+26

+10

0, average use.. _

-10.... - - _

-25 -

-60

—100, no application

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+17

+11

+6

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-8

-16

+16

+7

+4

+2

+.7

0

-2

-3

-6

-12

+16

+8

+4

+2

+.9

0

-.9

-3

-6

-13

+4

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.6

+47

+29

+16

+7

+2

0

-4

-10

-20

-43

+61

+26

+14

+7

+2

0

-2

-7

-14

+13

+7

+4

+2

+.6

0

-1

-3

-6

-13

+22

+11

+6

+3

+1

0

-1

-4

-8

-16

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with P3O5.

short tons.

.pounds per acre.

percent14

14

46

9,675

45

75

15,966

35

96

1,020

26

70

1,312

43

9,642

59

1,500

33

39,129

42

90

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100.. _

+50

+25..

+10 -

0, average use... _

-10

-26

-60

—100, no application

Predicted percent change in yield with change In PjOj fertilizer rate

+9

+8

+5

+2

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-14

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-3'

-23

-.4

+4

+2

+2

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

+8

+6

+3

+2

+.6

0

-1

-3

-5

-18

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-2

+20

+20

+17

+7

+3

0

-4

-9

-18

-37

+9

+5

+3

+2

+.4

0

-.9

-2

-4

-10

+8

+6

+4

+2

+1

0

-1

-3

-7

Potash:

Total use _

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with K20_

short tons.

.pounds per acre.

percent14

14

46

1,375

30

76

7,767

17

96

17

70

747

24 29

375

8

83

20,778

22

90

Change in application rate, percent:

+200-..-

"100

"60 - -

"25 —

+10 -

0, average use.

-10..

Predicted percent change In yield with change in KsO fertilizer rate

0 0 +8 +10 +20 +14 +8

0 0 "6 +8 +17 +14 --6

0 0 --3 +4 +11 +9 --3

0 0 +1 +2 +6 +6 --2

0 0 +.6 +.8 +2 +2 --1

Ü

n

0

0

0

-.6

0

-1

0 0

—2

0

+8

+6

+4

+2

+.8

0
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 51

TABLE 74.—Rye in the northeastern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of iV, P2OB,

and K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Conn. 1 N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W. Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120 - -

80 - _ 72

64

52

45

36

42

33

25

20

16

12

14

40

40 - 42

38

34

30

33

35

30

28

24

27

27

26

25

23

25

28

27

26

25

24

22

20

23

29

22

18

15

18

27

25

22

19

21

36

20 - 32

10 - - - 29

0 - . 26

Average use (cf. table 75) 28

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 28

120- - - _ 18

17

13

12

11

10

13

25

80 _... 67

58

50

46

40

47

25

25

22

22

22

24

26

40 - _-. 32

31

28

28

32

24

23

23

22

23

29

28

27

26

28

28

20 27

10 —. 25

0 23

Average use (cf. table 75) 27

Potash rate:

160 - _

120 _ 66

64

57

51

49

45

47

66

80 - _._ _ 24

23

22

21

20

22

27

26

25

23

20

22

27

40 _ _ _ 25

25

25

24

24

30

28

25

22

25

23

20

18

15

20

29

28

26

26

26

26

20 25

10 __ 24

0 — _ __ 22

Average use (cf. table 75) 23

I Oats and rye.

TABLE 75.—Rye in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of AT, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Conn.» N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W. Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage _..

Harvested acreage

Total production

1,000 acres..

- — do-...

1,000 bushels..

3

1

18

18

25

160

18

360

20

48

20

13

202

16

46

86

14

245

18

64

15

18

234

13

39

18

18

252

14

48

5

2

28

14

48

307

84

1,339

Average yield--

Do

bushels per acre-

.percent of potential.-

16

48

Nitrogen:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with N

short tons..

pounds per acre..

percent--

7

5

100

480

6

75

81

8

90

276

6

80

36

5

28

92

10

65

10

4

100

982

6

75

Predicted percent change in yield with chang e in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

-i-onn +16

+8

+4

+2

+.6

0

-2

-4

-7

-14

+13

+7

+3

0

-.7

-2

-4

-9

+16

+9x\

+.9

0

-.9

-3

-6

-12

+6

+4

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-4

-6

+23

+12

+5

+3

+.5

0

-1

-4

-9

-18

+41

+5

+2

0

-2

-5

-10

-19

+12

+7

+4

+2

+.7

0

-1

-2

-5

-10

+13

+100 - +7

+50 +4

+25 _ — +2

+10 +.8

0, average use 0

-10... . - -.8

-25 -2

-60-- - -5

—100, no application -9

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use —

Average use -

Planted acreage fertilized with PaOsshort tons—

—.pounds per acre..

percent..

19

12

100

2,400

30

75

333

33

90

828

19

80

86

12

28

368

41

65

62

25

100

4,096

27

75

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PaOs fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

4-9/10 +21

+11

+5

+2

+1

0

-2

-3

-7

-15

+5

+4

+2

+1

+.6

0

-2

-3

-6

-13

+10

+6

+3

+1

+.6

0

-.8

-3

-5

-15

+3

+2

+.8

+.4

V

-.2

-.6

-1

-2

+35

+28

+14

+6

+3

0

-3

-7

-15

-28

+8

+5

+3

+1

+.5

0

-.5

-2

-3

-8

+12

+100 — +8

+50- +0.8

+.5

-.8

-2

-7

-21

+2

+25 - +1

+10 +.6

0. averase use - . 0

-10 -1

—25 - --- -3

—50.- - -- -6

—100 no aDDlication . -18

Potash:

Total use short tons.. 11

7

100

300

4

75

102

16

90

207

5

80

61

8

28

184

20

65

12

5

100

937

Average use pounds per acre— 6

Planted acreage fertüized with K2O- percent- 75

Predicted percent change in yield with change in KaO fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+10

+5

+3

+2

+.6

n

+2

+1

+.8

+.5

+.2

n

+9

+5

+3

\%fí

+9

+4

+2

+.8

+.4

0

+14

+7

+4

+2

+.6

0

+23

+16

X\

+1

n

+4

tl

+.6

+.3

+6

+100 - +3

+50 +2

+25 - - +1

j-in -- - - +.3

f\ ^ »~» .'.r.A n
52 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 76.—Barley in the northeastern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, P2O6,

and K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Maine Vt. N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W. Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120

80 66

62

46

42

37

40

33

25

20

16

12

16

36

40 62

47

42

38

42

62

47

42

38

41

44

38

34

30

34

33

32

31

29

31

35

34

33

31

29

28

25

31

42

32

27

22

28

33

32

30

24

20

18

15

26

44

20 26

24

22

23

37

10 33

0 . „ . 29

Average use (cf. table 77) ._. 33

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 33

120 32

80 31

30

28

27

26

30

31

40 41

40

36

32

35

40

37

35

31

34

64

64

64

64

64

62

60

62

4Í

40

36

31

41

24

23

23

22

24

37

35

34

32

36

31

20 25

10 23

0 _ 21

Average use (of. table 77) _ 32

Potash rate:

160.. 54

120 54

80 _ 30

29

28

26

25

27

34

33

31

29

25

28

35

32

29

26

22

30

32

40 _ 31

31

31

30

31

31

31

31

30

31

30

28

26

22

28

28

26

24

21

24

27

20 25

10 24

0. _ 22

Average use (cf. table 77) _ 25

TABLE 77.—Barley in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreasesfrom average

application rate of iV, P2O6, and K^Oy 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Maine Vt. N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W. Va.

Weighted

averse

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage _.do...

Total production 1,000 bushels.

Average yield bushels per acre.

Do _ percent of potential.

Nitrogen:

Total use. .short tons.

Average use _ ..pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+50. _

+26 :::::::::::::::::

+10 _.

0, average use

-10. \l "

-25 _

-50 """I"".^^11; —100, no application

Phosphoric oxide

Total use... short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6 .percent.

2

6

210

36

67

2

1

27

27

49

75

2,550

34

66

127

169

5,644

36

16

16

612

32

91

12

12

348

29

88

2,759

31

74

16

14

392

28

76

344

372

12,442

33

76

25

4

4

10

240

6

75

491

8

86

78

10

90

71

12

95

587

13

90

42

5

75

1,521

9

84

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+15

+8

+4

+2

+.7

0

-.8

-2

-6

-10

25

+10 +13 +16 +6 +46 +46 +8

+5 +7 +8 --4 +23 +24 --4

+3 +2 +4 "3 +11 +11 --2

+2 +1 +2 "2 +6 +6 --2

+.5 +.7 +.9 +.6 +2 +3 +.8

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-.6 -.7 -1 -.8 -2 -3 -1

-2 -2 -3 -2 -6 -6 -3

-3 -4 -5 -3 -12 -12 -4

-5 -9 -12 -8 -30 -24 -6

7 1,800 2,617 234 261 2,348 240

8 46 32 29 42 53 30

10 75 86 90 95 90 75

+23

+12

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-4

-7

-15

1,905

40

84

Change in application rate, percent:

+200.

+100

+50 '.'.'.'/" "

+26. _::::

+10--

0, average use

-10.

-25-.

-50. II..I.IIIII1IIII

—100, no application

Potash:

Total use short tons.

Average use.— pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+50. .—

+25.

+10 - ":::::::::::::::::::

0, average use --

—in

Predicted percent change in 3neld with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

+12

+6

+4

+2

+.8

0

+11

+6+3+2+.8

0

-.9

-2

-4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-.8

-3

-22

+6

+4

+3

+2

+.Í

0

-1

-3

-6

-13

+9

+5

+4

+2

+1

0

-1

-2

-6

-18

+6

+3

+2

+.3

0

-.7

-3

-4

-6

+29

+23

+14+8+3

0

-4

-9

-18

-42

+6

+5

+3

+2

+.7

0

-.7

-2

-4

-10

+11

+8

+5

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-8

-22

8

8

25

6

6

10

600

16

76

15

62

6

90

127

21

95

1,174

26

90

8

76

3,007

17

84

Predicted percent change in yield with chang in K2O fertilizer rate

+0.7

+.7

+.6

+.5

+.2

0

+3 0 +9 +10 +20 +17 +12

+2 0 --6 "5 +12 +12 "8

+1 0 --3 —2 +7 +7 --3

+.3 0 --1 +.4 +4 +4 --2

+.09 0 +.4 +.2 +1 +2 +.8

0

0

0

A

0 0

A

0

1

0

0

0

1

+9

+6

+4+2+.7

0

a
FEETILIZEE USE AND CROP YIELDS 53

TABLE 78.—Oats in the northeastern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, P^Ohy

and KiOy 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Maine N. H. Vt. Mass. R.I. Conn. 1 N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W.Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120

80 46

40

36

33

30

33

45

40

36

33

30

32

126

111

91

79

62

79

33

25

20

16

12

16

33

25

20

16

12

16

47

38

32

29

25

28

40

40

38

35

33

32

30

34

6Ö"

50

44

35

40

6Ö'

64

50

48

45

52

69

40 76

69

64

60

64

65

60

45

40

49

65

50

45

40

44

36

30

25

20

24

48

20 42

10 37

0 _.. _._ 32

Average use (cf. table 79) . 36

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 40

120 - 63

63

63

61

60

60

60

65

80 - - _.. 45

40

34

28

20

36

45

40

34

28

20

25

40

40

37

37

35

40

40

40

37

37

35

39

118

102

88

81

70

116

75

73

68

65

60

73

38

30

23

20

15

26

67

40 24

23

23

22

24

24

23

23

22

24

62

20 46

10 43

0 38

Average use (cf. table 79) _ 60

Potash rate:

160 - -

120 - - -- 63

63

62

61

60

60

60

115

113

100

90

86

78

97

77

80 45

42

38

37

35

40

45

42

38

37

35

36

36'

36

36

36

36

46

42

39

35

30

37

40

38

35

33

30

35

60

53

49

47

45

46

60

40 - 36

36

36

36

36

31

28

25

22

25

31

28

25

22

27

42

20 - -- 40

10 _ 38

0 35

Average use (cf. table 79) __ 39

1 Oats and rye (nurse crop).

TABLE 79.—Oats in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of AT, P2O6, and 2^20, 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage _ 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage do._-

Total production 1,000 bushels.

Average yield- _ bushels per acre _

Do percent of potential.

Maine

107

49

N. H.

12

5

210

42

93

Vt.

22

37

1,295

35

78

Mass.

7

231

33

82

R.I.

4

1

33

33

60

Conn, '

40

5

190

38

30

N. Y.

850

787

33,841

43

57

Pa.

855

788

29, 944

38

83

N.J.

52

43

1,077

39

118

Del.

224

28

85

Md.

56

55

,870

34

72

W.Va.

70

55

1,568

28

47

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

2,079

1,889

75,885

40

70

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with N percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200.

+100

+60

+25

+10..

0, average use

-10

-26

-60

—100, no application

481

9

30

54

9

60

25

2

10

36

18

60

200

10

60

2,650

6

76

2,736

6

80

294

11

95

28

9

92

244

9

66

150

4

71

6,798

6

74

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+14

+6

+3

+2

+.5

0

-.6

-2

-3

-6

+14

+8

+4

+2

+.8

0

-.8

-2

-4

+4

+2

+1

+.6

+.1

0

-.2

-.6

-1

-2

+13

+9

+5

+2

+1

0

-2

-4

-9

-19

+29

+16

+8

+4

+1

0

-2

-4

-8

-21

+12

+6

+3

+2

+.7

0

-1

-2

-5

-9

+24

+13

+7

+4

+1

0

-2

-5

-9

-16

+45

+23

+12

+5

+2

0

-2

-5

-12

+40

+22

+11

+6

+2

0

-2

-5

-11

-26

+19

+10

+5

+2

+.9

0

-.9

-2

-6

-12

+14

+7

+4

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-12

+18

+10

+5

+3

+.9

0

-1

-3

-7

-12

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6 percentChange in application rate, perceut:

+200

+100

+50

+25

+10 .-.-

0, average use.

-25'''""""I""IIIIII1]III]^I

-60

—100, no application

321

6

30

144

24

60

60

4

10

216

72

90

72

36

60

1,500

75

50

15,300

36

75

11,628

27

882

34

95

33

92

876

35

66

1,000

29

71

32,087

31

74

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

+1

+.7

+.4

+.2

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.4

Potash:

Total use... .short tons.

Average use.- .pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100 - —

+60.

+26.

+10.

321

6

30

+24

+16

+10

+5

+1

0

-3

-7

-17

-44

162

27

60

+28

+16

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-4

-9

-17

60

6

10

+1+.4

+.1

0

-.2

-.9

-2

-12

+3

+2

+1

+.6

+.1

0

-.6

-2

-3

-10

72

36

60

+5

+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-14

-40

700

35

50

+3

+2

+2

+.3

0

-.8

-4

-8

-18

6,375

15

75

+47

+29

+16

+8

+3

0

-3

-8

-18

-42

6,156

14

80

+10

+5

+2

+1

+.

0

-.5

-1

-2

-5

196

8

95

+9

+5

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.6

-1

-2

-5

67

19

92

+14

+8

+4

+2+.'

0

-1

-3

-5

-13

488

18

65

+16

+12

+6

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-6

-13

250

7

71

+37

+14

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-6

-12

-27

14,837

14

74

A »....-....

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+1 +13

+8

+4

+2

+5

+3

+1

+.6

+.2

n

+17

+11

+7

+4

+2

0

+0.4

+.2

+.1

+.06

+.02

0

+16

+11

+6

+3

+10

+13

+7

+3

+1

+.6

0

+20

+12

+6

+3

+10

+13

+8

+4

+2

+.7

0

+6

+3

+2

+1+.4

0

+8

+.5 +5

+.2

--.1

+.06

n ñ"

+0.3

+.1

+.07

0

+3

+1

+.5

n
54 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 80.—Buckwheat and soybeans in the northeastern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application

rate of iV, P2O6, and K^O^ 1950 basis

Buckwheat Soybeanfl

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre)

Pa. N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md.

Weighted

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120

80

40 35

30

28

24

25

20

10 9

5

5

0

0 5

Averaee use fcf table 81^ 5

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160. - .

120 26

26

24

19

14

8

13

26

80 25

25

22

22

22

24

25

23

20

14

5

18

25

23

20

14

5

21

25

23

20

14

5

23

26

24

20

16

8

23

28

40 24

20 20

10 15

0 7

Average use (cf. table 81) >_ . . - _. _ _.. __. 20

Potash rate:

160 . .

120 24

23

22

19

16

10

13

24

80 24

23

22

21

20

21

23

21

18

16

12

15

23

21

18

16

12

17

23

21

18

16

12

21

24

22

19

15

8

22

23

40 _ _ 22

20 18

10 _ 16

0 _ 10

Average use (of. table 81) _ 18

TABLE 81.—Buckwheat and soybeans in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or

decreases from average application rate of Nj P2O5, and K1O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage

Harvested acreageTotal production..

Average yield

Do

1,000 acres.

do...

1,000 bushelsbushels per acre.

.percent of potential.

Buckwheat

Pa.

81

1,620

20

67

Soybeans

N. Y.

108

18

72

Pa.

46

17

289

17

N.J.

29

14

266

19

76

Del.

45

46

644

14

54

Md.

76

41

656

16

62

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

202

124

Nitrogen:

Total use.

Average use...

Planted acreage fertilized with N.

short tons.

.pounds per acre.

percent.

2

95

130

5

24

1

20

176

4

52

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 -

+100 _

+50

+25

+10

0, average use

-10..._

-25 _

-50

—100, no application

+6

+3

+2

+.8

+.3

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

+15

+8

+3

+2

+.4

0

-1

-2

-4

-35

+15

+8

+3

+2

+.4

0

-1

-2

-4

-35

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with PaOj..

short tons.

.pounds per acre.

percent.

32

95

655

24

80

576

40

90

200

9

20

1,312

34

70

2,688

27

64

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+60

+25..._

+10

0, average use

-10 -

-25

-60 _

—100, no application

+6

+4

+3

+2

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-13

+40

+29

+20

+13+6

0

-6

-15

-30

-71

+20

+16

+10

+6

+3

0

-4

-9

-28

-76

+9

+7

+6

+4

+2

0

-2

-6

-16

-78

+64

+38

+9

+7

+6

0

-6

-11

-25

-43

+11

+9

+7

+4

+1

0

-3

-6

-15

-35

+25

+17+8

+5+3

0

-4

-12

-21

-53

Potash:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with ZjO.

short tons.

.pounds per acre.

percent.

220

5

95

333

14

80

676

40

90

93

4

20

1,312

34

70

2,336

23

64

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 _

+100 -

+50

+25

+10...- -

0. avfirafffi use

Predicted percent change In yield with change in KaO fertilizer rate

+4 +23 +26 +11 +29 +10 +18

+2 "13 "15 +7 +18 +8 +12

+1 --6 +9 +5 +8 +4 --6

--.7 --3 +5 +4 +6 +2 --4

+.3

n

+2

n

+2

n

+2

n n +.7 +2n
FEETILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 55

TABLE 82.—Tobacco in the northeastern region: Estimated average yield (pounds per acre) from given application rate of N,

P2O6, and KiOy 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Mass. Conn. Pa. Md. W. Va.

Weighted average for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 1,685

1,675

1,425

1,075

805

650

600

1,750

1,640

1,515

1,475

1,250

1,000

725

600

1,490

1,595

1,675

1,545

1,440

1,320

1,225

1,100

1,580

1,930

1,800

1,580

1,280

1,050

976

800

2,001

1,650

1,660

1,425

1,249

1,070

950

850

1,510

1,599

1,590

1,646

1,460

1,360

1,300

1,240

1.590

1,930

1,800

1,680

1,280

1,050

975

800

1,265

1,660

1,560

1,425

1,249

1,070

950

850

1,400

1,599

1,590

1,645

1,460

1,360

1,300

1,240

1,590

1,900

120 1,773

80 1,158

1,062

925

812

700

1,065

1,188

1,163

1,125

1,076

1,040

1,025

1,000

1,113

1,125

1,125

1,099

1,006

919

861

800

1,120

1,690

1,502

1.450

1,415

1,375

1,465

1,565

1,642

1,530

1,517

1,505

1,502

1,500

1,620

1,699

1,590

1,560

1,454

1,380

1,350

1,300

1,454

1,392

40 -

1,180

20 - -_ 991

10 896

0 752

Average use (of. table 83) 1,336

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 1,453

120 1,390

80 1,306

40 - 1,183

20 1,064

10 980

0 — _ 913

Average use (cf. table 83) ... . . 1,306

Potash rate:

160 1,402

120 1,394

80 1,358

40.. 1,263

20 1,172

10 1,112

0 _ _ 1,047

Average use (cf. table 83) 1,388

TABLE 83.—Tobacco in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of N, P2O5, and KzO, 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Mass. Conn. Pa. Md. W. Va.

Weighted average for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres.. 8

8

13,675

1,709

98

19

19

27, 412

1,443

72

39

40

61,365

1,634

79

50

50

40,000

800

67

3

3

3,379

1,126

70

119

Harvested acreage do 120

Total production 1,nnO ponnris 146,831

Average yield pnnnrts per ao^ft 1,215

Do... _ ...percent of potential.. 74

Nitrogen:

Total use

Average use

short tons.-

pounds per acre..

820

200

100

1,900

200

100

741

38

100

1,056

42

98

40

25

100

4,667

76

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.. 99

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+44

+24

+12

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-15

-36

+12

tl

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-12

-34

il

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.7

-1

-3

-6

+100

+50 +2

+2

+J

-1

-15

-16

-60

+7

+25 - +4

+10 +1

0

-2

-6

-14

-72

+1

0, average use 0

-10 -2

-26 -6

-50 - ---

-14

—100, no application.. _ -41

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.- 410

100

100

1,000

105

100

1,462

75

100

1,760

70

98

80

50

100

4,712

Average use pounds per acre— 79

Planted acreage fertilized with PaOs — percent.. 99

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PjOs fertilizer rate

Change hi application rate, percent:

+20

+15

+9

+3

-1

-6

-14

-60

+19

+16

+10

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-14

-44

+26

+17

+10

+5

+2

0

-2

-6

-15

-39

+8

+6

+3

+1

+1

0

-1

-2

-4

-10

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.2

-.3

-.7

-1

+16

+100 +12

+50 +7

+25 +3

+10 - - — +1

0, average use 0

—10 -1

—25 -4

—50 -10

—100. noaoDlication.-- -

-28

Potash:

Total use .short tons.. 820

200

100

1,900

200

96

2,340

120

100

2,640

106

98

64

40

100

7,764

Average use pounds per acre.. 130

Planted acreage fertüized with KaO... percent-. 98

Predicted percent change in yield with change hi KjO fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent: +0.7

+.6

+.6

+.5

+.2

0

-.3

+9

+7

+4

+2

+.7

0

-1

+1

j_inn .

-2

+.3

+.6

+.3

0

-.3

+1

4.50 - -

-11

-3

-1

0

+.3

-12

-2

-1

0

-.6

+3

4-25 --- +1

4-10 -j-J^u - +.4

0

1A — d
56 AGEICULTUBE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 84.—Potatoes in the northeastern region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, P2O5,

and KiO^ 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Maine N.H. Vt. Mass. R.I. Conn. N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W.Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160- _. 680

665

625

415

360

330

300

660

680

675

615

450

400

375

350

690

585

580

630

465

435

420

400

685

600

477

418

338

299

275

250

437

480

412

353

297

262

246

225

475

449

437

380

320

280

270

250

461

491

473

413

334

290

270

250

383

459

414

352

289

260

243

225

424

475

431

383

328

291

275

250

445

560

600

390

280

240

210

180

415

600

465

385

300

250

230

200

605

495

445

350

260

210

200

172

500

452

426

377

299

250

226

200

460

463

438

381

300

250

226

200

465

451

419

352

290

255

244

225

447

666

600

394

285

235

201

178

508

499

476

400

311

256

230

200

500

498

450

355

265

220

199

175

600

452

438

411

374

350

338

325

402

426

426

401

362

338

325

310

426

427

425

403

371

349

338

325

427

455

436

416

379

360

340

326

403

463

438

412

375

350

338

325

450

457

449

436

413

393

387

375

454

455

438

389

312

227

177

100

387

442

425

390

357

327

317

300

439

443

429

400

348

275

223

150

440

461

438

388

316

272

238

210

370

418

400

363

315

271

250

227

412

414

382

355

312

279

267

250

393

452

438

382

315

268

238

205

443

418

400

363

312

276

255

227

404

415

386

357

312

286

268

250

400

" "376"

335

265

215

189

157

212

392

372

333

286

250

227

200

276

391

368

328

287

2.58

238

218

275

494

120 _ 472

80 . 485

40 368

20 _ _. 328

10 303

0 277

Average use (cf. table 85) 439

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 479

120 466

80 427

40-. 378

20 344

10 - -- 327

0 307

Average use (cf. table 85) 474

Potash rate:

160 479

120 469

80 - 436

40 _ _ 390

20-- 360

10 344

0 — 323

Average use (cf. table 85) 473

TABLE 85.- -Potatoes in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of iV, P2O5J and K^O^ 1950 basis

Acreages, jâelds. and fertilizer use Maine N.H. Vt. Mass. R.I. Conn. N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W.Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage.- 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage - do

Total production . 1,000 bushels

125

130

61,760

475

81

5

4

980

245

49

6

6

1,092

182

37

13

13

2,816

215

38

6

5

1,275

255

56

8

12

3,481

290

51

130

113

34,315

304

67

100

95

18,525

196

43

44

44

12,980

295

65

6

4

628

157

34

13

13

1,664

129

28

18

18

1,980

110

28

472

457

141 486

Average yield bushels per acre..

Do _ percent of potential..

310

61

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons 7,094

114

100

207

90

100

206

64

85

580

88

100

360

150

100

500

125

100

4,631

71

95

3,185

64

98

1,700

77

100

153

68

95

819

128

98

160

18

88

19,695

83

97

Average use pounds per acre. .

Planted acreage fertilized with N percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+14

+14

+12

ÍI

0

-4

-10

-21

-43

+11

+11

+7

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-9

-20

+10

+6

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-10

-19

+20

+19

-Ï?

+3

0

-3

-8

-20

-74

+38

+21

+9

+5

+3

0

-2

-6

-14

-27

+16

-flOO...- - +26

+15

+8

+3

0

-3

-8

-16

-34

+40

+25

+13

-6

-14

-28

-56

+21

+14

+7

+3

0

-4

-9

-18

-45

""+2

-2

-7

-18

-54

+4

+1

0

+50 +4

+2

+.9

0

-2

-4

-18

-46

-9

0

+1

0

-2

-6

-18

-57

+16

+10

+4

0

-6

-15

-32

-65

+25

+10-.. :::::::::::::::::::::

0, average use _

-10— 2

-25 - - 5

-60— - 14

—100, no application. -36

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons 13,135

210

100

414

180

100

412

129

85

1,160

177

100

600

250

100

700

175

100

9,262

142

95

6,860

137

98

3,400

154

100

329

146

95

819

128

98

320

36

88

36,811

156

97

Average use - --pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6 percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PjOs fertilizer rate

0

0

0

0

0

0

-.5

-4

-20

-61

+31

ïi

+5

+2

0

-2

-6

-12

-27

+18

Q

+100 +15

+13

+8

+4

0

-4

-11

-22

-47

+60-. h4

-4

k9

0

0

0

0

-.2

-.8

-8

-27

+2

+2

+1

0

-1

-4

-11

-28

+.9

0

-1

-4

-10

-32

+2

+2

+1

0

-2

-5

-15

-45

+4

+3

+2

0

-2

-6

-15

-43

--25 0

0

0

-.3

-2

-7

-40

0

0

0

-.4

-1

-6

-57

0

0

0

-.6

-3

-17

-60

+10

0, average use 0

-3

-10

-22

-53

-10... 7

-25 -3

-10

-34

-50— -

-100, no application

Potash:

Total use short tons 17,470

280

100

414

180

100

412

129

85

1,160

177

100

600

250

100

800

200

100

9,262

142

95

7,105

142

98

3,400

154

100

300

130

95

819

128

98

280

31

88

42,022

178

97

Average use.- .pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent. .

Change in application rate, percent:

+200..

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K20 fertilizer rate

0

0

0

0

0

0

-1

-8

-26

+4

+2

+.9

0

-1

-2

-4

""i!

+2

0

-3

-7

-16

+24

+13

+6

+4

+2

0

-2

-6

-9

+1

+2

+6

0

g

+100 . +11

+10

+7

+3

0

-4

-9

-19

+50.. +0.2

+.2

+.1

0

-.5

-2

-7

+0.8

+.6

+.3

0

-.8

-2

-5

+.8

0

-2

-3

-10

+25- -6

-.9

0

+.3

+2

+1

0

-2

-7

-23

-17

-2

0

+2

+2

-4

0

0

0

0

-2

-19

+10—

0, average use -

-10 -

-25 2

-50— -6
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 57

TABLE 86.—Vegetables in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yitld resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of iST, P2O6, and K2O, 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Maine N.H. Vt. Mass. R.I. Conn. N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W.Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do

Total production 1,000 tons

34

18

35

2

11

.6

2

3

3

.7

2

3

40

3

15

5

5 25

.2

.6

3

276

237

1,369

6

89

89

399

4

168

158

664

4

48

40

95

2

121

110

416

4

3

.2

2

10

823

657

3,000 Average yield tons per acre

Do percent of potentialNitrogen:

Total use .. short tons 759

45

82

165

30

100

48

32

71

1,000

50

100

144

64

100

1,250

100

100 ICK,

2,740

62

100

6,015

72

100

769

32

98

2,860

47

94

35

23

100

28,080

A vftrage 1155e _ , _ _ _ pnnnrts per acre 68

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent- 98

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change m application rate, percent:

+27

+18

+10

+6

4-2

0

-3

-8

-17

-52

+12

+12

+8

+5

+2

0

-2

-7

-17

-71

+25

+19

+12

+6

+2

0

-4

-8

-18

-58

+33

+28

+19

+9

+4

0

-4

-12

-25

-62

+35

+25

+16

+9

+4

0

-4

-9

-23

-66

+30

+100 +34

+20

+10

+á

-5

-13

-28

-75

+32

+18

+9

+4

0

-5

-14

-28

-71

+10

+8

"4

--2

0

-3

-7

-15

-42

+6

+5

+3

+1

0

-3

-6

-15

-80

+17

+60 +8

+5

+2

0

-2

-7

-16

-55

+23

+12

+5

0

-5

-14

-31

-70

+16

+8

+3

0

-3

-10

-24

-64

+16

+25 +8

+10 +3 0, average use . _ 0

-10 -4

-25

-50

-11

—24

—100, no application -68

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use. . short tons 1,197

70

82

550

100

100

96

64

71

1,600

80

100

338

150

100

2,188

175

100

23,615

171

100

4,505

101

100

12,030

143

100

2,006

84

98

4,918

81

94

60

40

100

63,103

129

98

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with Pa06—percent. .

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PaOs fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 +18

+16

+10

ii

-4

-11

-27

-84

+44

+30

+18

«

-4

-11

-25

-75

+20

+100 +11

+9

+6

-3

-8

-23

-85

+29

+18

^^i

-5

-13

-29

-88

+14

+10

+6

+2

0

-3

-9

-21

-87

+3

+2

0

-2

-7

-20

-93

+15

+10

+6

+2

0

-3

-9

-27

-84

+21

+12

+8

+3

0

-4

-8

-22

-90

+17

+50 +7

+2

0

-3

-9

-22

-100

+0.3

+.3

0

-.6

-4

-12

-69

+25

+12

+5

0

-6

-15

-35

-78

+17

+25 +9

+4

0

-4

-11

-25

-78

+&

+10 +3

0, average use 0

—10 -4

-25 -10

-50 —26

—100, no application -84

Potash:

Total use short tons__ 1,056

62

82

400

73

100

96

64

71

1,400

70

100

338

150

100

1,876

150

100

11,806

86

100

3,721

84

100

12,030

143

100

2,008

84

98

3,261

54

94

52

35

100

38,043

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with KaO.-percent92

98

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K3O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+29

+24

+15

i'

-3

-9

-22

-69

+18

+12

+8

+4

0

-3

-10

-24

-69

+29

+21

+13

+8

+3

0

-4

-11

-23

-69

+43

+34

+20

+10

^t

-5

-12

-25

-66

+41

+29

+16

+9

+4

0

-4

-10

-27

-63

+39

+100 +53

+29

+14

+6

0

-7

-16

-32

-68

+22

+16

+10

+4

0

-4

-12

-25

-73

+5

+3

0

-4

-10

-26

-95

+19

+3

0

-4

-10

-23

-71

+39

+14

+7

+3

0

-4

-10

-21

-57

+4

+3

+J

-2

-8

-20

-90

+5

+2

+.8

0

-2

-6

-15

-75

+21

+25 +10

+10 +4

0, average use 0

-10..... : — -6

-25 -12

-50... -27

100, no application... -74
58 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 87.—Fruits in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of Nj PzOi, and K^Oy 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Maine N. H. Vt. Mass. R.I. Conn. N. Y. Pa. Del. Md. W.Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted ani'Pagfi - 1,000 acres . 40 10 7 35 4 17 290 175 6 37 20 640

Tnfal nrodtiption 1 000 tons

A vpraiTo XTIAIH tons T)ßr aorß

T\f\ nfirnfiiit of DotentlAl

Nitrogen:

Total use - short tons.. 645

27

71

75

15

50

30

9

24

450

26

70

64

32

80

240

29

80

3,262

22

90

1,050

12

60

91

36

96

491

26

31

197

20

53

6,495

Average use potrnds pftr anrn 20

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.. 73

Predicted percent change In yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change hi application rate, percent:

+200 - +21

tí?

+6

+2

0

-2

-5

-9

-27

+21

+12

+6

+4

+2

0

-2

-4

-7

-20

+16

+9

+4

+2

+.4

0

-1

-3

-6

-16

+22

+14

+8

+5

^^

-2

-5

-10

-27

+21

-ïi

+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-11

-30

+22

+14

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-10

-28

+22

+13

+8

n

-2

-4

-10

-25

+19

+11

V

-1

-3

-7

-18

+21

+13

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-6

-11

-31

+12""""

+2

0

-2

-4

-8

-26

V

-6

-14

-25

-50

+23

+100 +13

+60 +8

+25 +4

+10 +2

0, average use.. 0

—10 -2

—25 - -4

-60 -9

—100, no application » .. -24

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.. 282

14

71

15

3

50

30

9

24

88

5

70

216

108

80

120

14

80

1,044

90

626

6

60

75

30

96

635

29

31

255

25

53

3,185

Average use . . pounds pe»* ac»"« 10

Planted acreage fertilized with PaO« percent. . 73

Predicted percent change in yield with change In PiO« fertilizer rate

Change In application rate, percent:

XI

+.8

+.6

+.1

0

-.1

-.7

-1

-6

t\

+.9

+.6

+.3

0

-.3

-.6

-1

-2

XI

+.7

+.4

+.1

0

-.2

-.5

-2

-4

+2

+1

+1

+.6

+.3

0

-.3

-.6

-1

-3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-7

+2

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

0

-.3

-.6

-2

-6

+2

tí.«

+.6

+.3

0

-.3

-.6

-2

-4

+3

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

0

-.3

-.6

-2

-3

+0.8

+.8

+.7

X:l

0

-.2

-.5

-2

-6

XI

+.8

-.2

-5

+65

+31

+14

-7

-14

-28

-57

+4

+100 - +3

+50 +2

+26 +1

+10 +.4

0, average use 0

-10 -.ß

-25 - -1

—60 - -3

—100, no application -5

Potash:

Total use short tons.. 282

14

71

20

4

50

30

9

24

88

5

70

148

74

80

91

11

76

1,305

9

90

420

6

60

60

20

96

283

16

31

85

8

63

2,802

Average nse _. , . ponnHs por aci*« g

Planted acreage fertilized with KaO percent.. 73

Predicted percent change In yield with change hi KjO fertilizer rate

Change In application rate, percent:

+4

+3

+2

+1

V

-.6

-2

-3

-9

tí+.9

+.6

V

-.3

-.9

-2

-4

XI

%.

V

-.3

-.9

-2

-6

xt

+2

+.9

+.3

0

-.3

-.9

-2

-4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-.3

-1

-13

+5

+4

+2

+1

+.6

0

-.6

-1

-2

-7

+6

+3

+1

+.6

+.3

0

-.6

-1

-2

-7

+4

+2

+.9

+.6

V

-.6

-1

-2

-5

+3

+2

+.9

+.6

0

-.6

-.9

-3

-7

+4

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.5

-.9

-2

-7

+17

+7

--4

0

-4

-9

-17

-35

+6

+100 +4

+50 +2

+26 +.9

+10 +.4

0, average use .. .. 0

—10 -.7

-26 -1

—60 -2

—100, no application ._ -7
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 59

TABLE 88.—Dry beans and peas in the northeastern region: Estimated average yield {pounds per acre) from given application

rate of iV, P2O0, and K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Maine Vt. N. Y.i

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 -

120 ---

80 - 2,245

2,212

2,125

2,075

2,000

2,175

2,245

40 --- 1,860

1,464

1,050

540

1,122

1,860

1,464

1,050

540

945

1,877

20 - - 1,495

10 1,099

0 _ 609

Average use (cf. table 89) 1,004

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

120 —

80 - —- 2,300

2,187

2,050

1,935

1,825

2,237

2,300

40 -- 1,590

1,086

828

585

1,248

1,590

1,086

828

585

960

1,618

20 1,132

10 880

0 _ 644

Average use (cf. table 89) 1,028

Potash rate:

160 -

120 2,337

2,337

2,187

2,100

2,060

2,000

2,187

2,337

80 2,337

40 -- - 1,845

1,458

1,200

900

1,638

1,845

1,458

1,200

900

1,125

1,861

20 1,488

10 1,241

0 952

Averase use fcf. table 89) 1,177

1 Does not include dry peas.

TABLE 89.—Dry beans and peas in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average application rate of AT, P2Ö6, and K2O,

1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage ._.1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage __ do...

Total production 1,000,000 pounds.

Average yield pounds per acre.

Do percent of potential.

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.

Average use ..pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with N

percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 -

+100

+50

+25....

+10 —

0, average use

-10

-25

-50

—100, no application

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with PjO«

percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200 - -

+100 -

+50

+25

+10 -

0, average use

-10

-25

-50 -. -

—100, no application

Potash:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with KjO

percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 -

+100 - -

+50... - - -

+25 -

+10 - —

0, average use.. --

-10 -

-25 -

-50...

—100, no application

Maine

8

5

4

800

34

120

30

100

Vt.

0.7

.7

.5

714

38

4

11

50

N. Y.i

160

131

135

1,030

55

600

8

76

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

168.7

136.7

139.5

1,020

54

724

8

76

Predicted percent change in yield

with change in N fertilizer rate

+3

+3

+2

+1

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-3

-8

200

50

100

+54

+34

+20

+13+5

0

-6

-16

-30

-52

9

26

50

+62

+38

+21

+10

+3

0

-3

-10

-21

-43

1,200

16

76

+69

+36

+20

+10+3

0

-3

-10

-20

-41

17

76

Predicted percent change in yield

with change in PjOj fertilizer rate

+4

+3

+2

+.6

0

-1

-3

-7

-18

160

40

100

+48

+26

+12

+6

0

-8

-12

-28

-53

10

29

50

+78

+39

+19

+11

+60

-5

-11

-20

-39

600

8

76

+78

+37

+18

+10

+6

0

-6

-11

-19

770

9

76

Predicted percent change in yield

with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+7

+7

+3

+2

+.<

0

-1

-2

-4

+40 +35

--28 +19

--16 +9

+8 +4

+4 +1

0 0

-3 -1

-9 -4

-18 -8

-45 -20

+34

+18

+9

+4

+1

0

-1

-4

-8

-20

1 Does not include dried peas.
60 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 90.—Improved legume-grass hay and pasture in the northeastern region: Estimated average yield (tons per acre) from

given application rate of N, P2O5, and K^O, 1960 basis

Average feitilizer rates (pounds per acre) Maine N. H. Vt. Mass. R.I. Conn. N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W.Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120 3.5

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.1

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.0

.9

.8

.8

""T9'

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

3.5

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.6

24

2.3

2.2

2.2

3.5

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.1

2.2

80 1.9

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

3.5

3.4

3.2

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.0

2.2

3.2

3.2

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.1

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.2

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.1

2.8

2.4

2.1

2.2

4.4

4.2

3.9

3.1

2.5

2.1

1.8

1.9

40 _ 3.5

4.0

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.8

3.8

3.8

2.8

3.2

20

10

0

Average use (of. table 91)

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 - - 2.1

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.6

"""2."2"

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

120 3.6

3.4

2.9

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.5

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.2

"""3."7'

3.6

3.4

3.0

3.4

""2.T

1.5

.9

.6

.3

.5

3.6

3.3

2.9

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.1

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

1.8

1.6

1.2

1.0

.9

.8

.8

80 - 3.8

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.7

3.5

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

40

20

10 _ .- -

0

Average uso (cf. table 91).

Potash rate:

160

120

"""î."9'

1.6

1.3

1.1

.9

1.0

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.4

"""2.3"

2.1

1.9

1.6

1.7

80 3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.3

40 - 3.8

3.0

2.7

2.3

2.4

3.9

3.0

2.4

1.5

1.7

20

10 .. _

0 -_

Average use (cf. table 91)

TABLE 91.—Improved legume-grass hay and pasture in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting

from increases or decreases from average application rate of Nj P2O5, and ÜL2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Maine N.H. Vt. Mass. R.I. Conn. N. Y. Pa. N.J. Del. Md. W.Va.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do...

Total production _ 1,000 tons.

Average yield tons per acre.

Do - percent of potential..

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.

Aver^euse pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with N percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200 _.._

+100

+60

+25..

+10.—

0, average use _

-10

-25 _

-50

—100, no application

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use. short tons..

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O5 percent..

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 ..__

+100

+60

+26.- _

+10

0, average use

-10 .

-25 _

-50

—100, no application

Potash:

Total use short tons..

Average use .pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent..

Change in application rate, percent:

+200...

+100

+60

+26

+10

0, average use

-10 ._

-25....

300

890

788

350

357

410

LI

29

991

1,019

1,397

1.4

39

392

374

590

L5

42

36

37

66

L6

39

187

287

481

L7

47

3,776

3,848

6,100

L6

46

2,434

2,468

3,641

L5

71

290

260

467

L;

41

96

L4

67

472

472

644

L4

67

1,000

820

1,050

L3

56

10,295

10.901

16,720

L4

50

400

3

10

2

20

166

33"

.3

915

5

29

4

25

360

4

20

377

.2

767

.6

29

15

.8

2,802

12

200 6,358

1

13

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-. 1

-.4

-.6

-1

1,200

8

10

1,575

9

20

+0.7

+.4 +.2

+.1

+.06

0

-.06

-.1

-.2

-.5

4,125

8

3,989

20

29

+15

+11+6+3

+2

0

-2

-3

-6

-14

207

12

25

1,100

12

18

+0.2

+.1

+.07

+.03

+.02

0

-.02

-.03

-.04

-.06

4,630

2

4

+2

+.9

+.4

+.3

+.06

0

-.1

-.3

-.5

-1

644

4

8

+3

+1

+.7

+.3

+.1

0

-.2

-.4

-.8

-2

178

5

15

10,507

44

30

3,000

6

20

+1

+.5

+2

+ 2

+.05

0

-.06

-.2

-.3

-.5

35,445

7

13

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PaOs fertilizer rate

+15

+7

+5

+2

+1

0

-2

-3

-5

-11

800

5

10

+12

+6

+3

+1

+.4

0

-.6

-2

-3

625

3

20

+7

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.6

-1

-2

-4

1,660

3

33

+29

+16 +9+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-9

-19

2,260

12

+8

+6

+4

+1

+.7

0

-.7

-2

-6

-12

128

7

25

+23

+12 +6

+3+.!

0

-1

-12

480

5

20

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1

+.03

0

-.06

-.2

-.3

-.6

1,510

.8

+13

+6

+3

+1

+.5

0

-.6

-2

-4

-7

2,190

+12

+7

+3+2

+.

0

-.8

-2

-4

-9

644

4

8

+7

+3

+1

+.7

+.3

0

-.4

-.8

-2

-4

118

4

15

+27

+19

+11+6

+3

0

-14

-31

9,106

39

30

+4

+2

+1

+.7

+.3

0

-.7

-1

-2

-3

1,000

2

20

+8

+5

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.6

-1

-3

20,411

4

13

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+8

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.4

-1

+11 +35 +16 +84 +9 +0.4 +6 +17 +12 +23 +9

+6 +18 +9 +43 +4 +.2 +3 +9 "7 +15 +6

+5 +12 +4 +22 +2 +.1 +1 +6 --4 +8 +2

+3 +6 +2 +10 +1 +.08 +.6 +2 "2 +4 +1

+.6 +3 +.8 +4 +.6 +.06 +.3 +1 --1 +2 +.5

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-.6 -1 -1 -5 -.6 -.04 -.3 -1 -1 -2 -.6 -2 -4 -3 -12 -1 -.09 -.6 -3 -2 -6 -1

+9

+5

+3

+1

+.6

0

-.6

-1
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 61

TABLE 92.—Permanent grass hay and pasture in the northeastern region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from

increases or decreases from average application rate of Nj PzOs, and K2O, 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do.

Total production 1,000 tons.

Average yield tons per acre.

Do percent of potential.

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons..

Average use— pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with N. percent..

Change In application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+50 _

+25

+10

0, average use

-10

-25

-60

—100, no application

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use... short tons

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6 percent,

Change in application rate, percent:

+200...

+100

+50....

+25

+10 - -

0, average use

-10

-25

-50....

—100, no application

Potash:

Total use- short tons

Average use.. pounds per acre

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent

Maine

623

765

2

50

N.H.

200

60

20'

.6

Vt.

1,973

295

20"

.3

Mass.

400

50

R.I.

46

48

2

15

Conn.

266

30

10"

.2

N. Y.

2,600

150

Pa.

2,300

690

.1

12

N.J.

307

130

.8

17

Del.

60

50

2

20

Md.

993

W. Va.

3,200

19

.01

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Predicted percent change in jrield with change in N fertilizer rate

+2

+1

+.5

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.5

-1

1,770

6

50

+1

+.7

+.4

+.2

+.1

0

-.1

-.2

-.3

900

9

20

+7

+5

+2

+1

+.1

0

-2

4,530

4

20

+2

+.9

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.6

-1

160

.8

+14

+7

+4

+2

+.

0

-2*

-4

-7

158

7

15

+1

+.7

+.3

+.1

+.04

0

-.1

-.2

-.4

-.8

300

2

10

+1

+.8

+.6

+.4

+.2

0

-.2

-2

-3

-5

4,000

3

4

+2

+1

+.5

+.2

+.1

0

-.1

-.2

-.4

-1

,660

8

12

+0.6

+.3

+.1

+.07

+.03

0

-.03

-.07

-.1

-.3

1,560

10

17

+4

+2

+.7

+.3

+.1

0

-.2

-.4

-2*

271

9

20

7,151

14

+0.02

+.01

+.005

+.002

+.0005

0

-.001

-.002

-.004

-.008

3,000

2

5

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O5 fertilizer rate

+5

+3

+1

+.

+.3

0

-.4

-2

-5

+5

+3

+1

+.7 +.'

0

-.3

-.9

-2

-3

+19

+10

+5

+3

+.€

0

-2

-3

-5

-11

+2

+.9

+.4

+.2

+.07

0

-.1

-.2

-.4

-1

+10

+5

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.9

-2

-4

-9

+3

+2

+.8

+.4

+.2

0

-.2

-.5

+2

+1

+.5

+.3

+.1

0

-.2

-.4

-.8

-1

+22

+12

+6

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-7

-15

+9

+5

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.5

-2

-4

-8

+16

+8

+3

+1

+.4

0

-.6

-2

-4

+22

+11

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-7

-14

+4

+1

+.6

+.2

+.09

0

-.2

-.4

-.8

-1

12,868

2,287

12'

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

+.2

0

-.1

-.6

-1

-2

i,460

5

12

+11

+5

+3

+1

+.4

0

-.9

-2

-3

-6

1,530

5

50

300

3

20

1,970

2

20

100

4

15

75.(

10

1,000 1,380

1

12

1,560

10

17

161

5

20

3,576

7

300

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+60

+25....

+10

0, average use

-10

-25.-..

-50

—100, no application

+6

+3

+2

+.8

+.4

0

-.4

-.8

-2

-4

+3 +2 +4 +85 +3 +0.6 +4 +52 +18 +21 +0.2

+1 +.9 +1 --52 +1 +.3 --2 --28 +10 +13 +.1

+.7 +.4 +.7 --36 +.6 +.1 --1 --14 --6 +8 +.06

+.3 +.2 +.3 --12 +.3 +.08 +.6 --7 --3 +5 +.03

+.1 +.07 +.1 +6 +.05 +.04 +.1 --3 --1 +2 +.02

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-.2 -.1 -.2 -6 -.1 -.06 -.2 -3 -1 -1 -.02

-.4 -.2 -.6 -9 -.3 -.1 -.5 -7 -3 -3 -.03

-.7 -.4 -.9 -12 -.9 -.2 -1 -14 -5 -6 -.06

-2 -.8 -2 -18 -2 -.3 -2 -29 -15 -16 -.1

12,051

2

12

+5

+3

+2

+.8

+.3

0

-.3

-.7

-1

-3
62 AGRICULTUEE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

WESTERN STATES

TABLE 93.—Corn grain in the western region. Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of iNT, P2O5,

and K2O1 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Wash. Oreg. Idaho Colo. Utahi Nev. Calif. Ariz. N.Mex.

Weighted

for Stetes

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 103

101

95

78

69

64

60

67

65

68

60

47

39

36

30

39

64

65

66

65

63

62

62

62

68

65

66

44

37

32

27

31

60

57

61

41

35

31

27

35

107

98

80

60

49

43

35

48

90

120 20.0

18.5

17.5

17.0

16.6

16.0

16.0

60

46

38

34

32

28

28

60

46

38

34

32

28

28

60

46

38

34

32

28

28

68

80 48

41

33

29

24

24

63

40 - 44

20 - -- - - . 36

10 32

0 27

Average use (cf. table fl4) 30

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 62

120 102

102

96

90

88

85

90

44

41

36

32

30

28

34

44

41

36

32

30

28

28

44

41

36

32

30

28

28

52

80 20.1

20.0

19.9

19.8

19.7

19.7

50

40 48

46

45

43

44

105

99

94

90

91

64

20 60

10 48

0 46

Average use (cf. table 94) 47

Potash rate:

160

120

80

40 -_ 106

106

105

105

105

105

20 105

10 105

0 105

Average use (cf. table 94) 105

1 Oorn silage shown in tons; not Included in averages for western region.

TABLE 94.—Corn grain in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of iV, AOs, and K2OJ 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Wash. Oreg. Idaho Colo. Utahi Nev. Calif. Ariz. N. Mex.

Weighted

average

for Stetes

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage --do.-_

Total production _ 1,000 bushels.

Average yield .bushels per acreDo __- _ -percent of potential.

17

6

360

60

58

28

2 26

2975

38

58

34

16

752

47

2399

371

8,633

23

48

25

18

162

9

45

42

38

36

39

27

310

11

22

118

76

1,102

14

28

723

664

13,628

24

44

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

H-lOO - - -

+50- -— -

+25 -

+10 - - —.-

0, average use

-10 -

-25 -_-

-60

—100, no application _.-

127

15

2280

20

40

140

8

47

230

1

10

790

18

29

40

2

4

24 1,633

4

14

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+19 +39

+10 --20

+4 +7

+3 +6

+.8 +2

0 0

-.8 -2

-3 -6

-4 -11

-10 -24

163 224

18 16

30 40

+22 +5 +0.06

+12 +1 +.03

+6 --.4 +.02

+3 --.2 +.01

+2 --.08 +.003

0 0 0

-2 -.08 -.004

-3 -.2 -.01

-7 -.2 -.02

-15 -.4 -.04

320 402 6

19 2 .4

47 10 1

+6

+3

+2

+.8

+.4

0

-.4

-.9

-2

-3

+42

+22

+11+7

+2

0

-2

-7

-12

-27

+7

+3

+2

+.9

+.4

0

-.4

-.9

-2

-4

+1

+.7

+.4

+.2

+.09

0

-.4

-.8

+11

+5

+2

+1

+.5

0

-.5

-1

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with PjOs percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200

+100- -

+60 _ -

+26

+10- -—

0, average use -

-10- - -

-25 - -_

-50- -.- -

—100, no application- - -_

32

30

16

146

3

7

16

.8

24 1,317

4

11

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O5 fertilizer rate

+9

+6

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.7

-2

-3

+4

+3

+1

+.3

+.2

0

-.08

-.2

-.3

-2

+30

+16+9+4

+1

0

-2

-6

-12

-24

+3

+2

+.4

+.1

+.05

0

-.1

-.3

-.4

+0.1

+.04

+.02

+.01

+.004

0

-.006

-.01

-.03

-.05

+23

+14

+7+4

+1

0

-2

-4

-9

-20

+3

+2

+.9

+.4

+.2

0

-.3

-.4

-.8

-2

+1

+.7

+.4

+.2

+.09

0

-.1

-.2

-.4

+0.8 +.4 +.2

+.09

+.03

0

-.06

-.1

-.2

-.4

+4

+2

+.9

+4

+.1

0

-.2

-.6

-1

Potash:

Total use - _- short tons.

Averageuse - pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with K2O percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200 — -

+100 -

+50 -

+25 —

+10 -

0, average use -

64

9

30

28

2

40

24

.6

156

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 63

TABLE 95.—Wheat in the western region: Estimated average yield {bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, P2OB, and

K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Colo. Utah Nev. Calif. Ariz.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120

80 - 28

32

28

25

21

21

21

21

21

20

17

17

22

40 30

28

24

20

20

29

27

26

23

23

22

^ 20

I 17

t , 17

25

18

16

16

16

29

28

26

24

26

29

28

26

24

26

24

16

12

8

14

25

20 23

10 22

0 19

Average use, (cf. table 96) 19

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

120

80 19

19

19

18

16

16

28

28

27

26

24

25

20

40 27

27

27

27

27

24

22

21

20

21

25

25

24

24

24

21

20 21

10 20

0 10

Average use (cf. table 96) 19

Potash rate:

160

120

80 -—

40 -

20

10 -

0

Average use, (cf. table 96)

TABLE 96.—Wheat in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of AT, P2O6, and K^Oy 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont.

1,060 1,400 5.000

962 1,342 4,862

23,693 37, 350 93,958

25 28 19

78 96 90

11,252 699 392

2.5 1 .2

10 4 1

Colo. Utah Nev. Calif. Ariz.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres...

Harvested acreage do—.

Total production 1,000 bushels.

Average yield- bushels per acre.

Do percent of potential.

1 2,729

»2,547

67,582

26

87

1 3,226

2,362

39,924

17

77

424

408

8,008

20

80

16

17

471

28

700

651

13,671

21

72

30

28

672

24

96

H 575

13,169

285,329

22

86

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with N. percentChange in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+50 -

+25 -

+10 -

0, average use

-10

-25

-50_ _-_

—100, no application

407

.3 .05

254

1

3

51

6

13

2,111

6

17

225

15

30

5,474

.8

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+2

+1

+.5

+.3

+.09

0

-.1

-.3

-.6

-1

+11

+6

+3

+.5

+.1

0

0

-.6

-1'

+1+•8

6

4

2

2

4

6

+0.7

+.3

+.2

+.1

+.09

0

-.06

-.2

-.4

-.5

+0.04

+.03

+.02

+.01

+.005

0

-. 005

-.02

-.02

-.04

-2

-1

-.6

-.3

-.1

0

+.08

+.2

+.5

+1

+8

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

+7

+4

+2

+1

+.4

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

+80

+39

+17+8

+3

0

-4

-10

-18

-44

+2

+1

+.6

+.2

+.1

0

-.09

-.3

-.5

-.9

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.

Averageuse pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with P3O0 „percent.

.9

712 69

9

13

180

12

30

2,499

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PjOs fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

"100

"60

"25

+10 -

0, average use—

-10

-25

-50 _

—100, no application -

+1+.5 +.2

+.09

+.05

0

-.04

-.2

-.3

-.5

+7

+3+2-

+. +.4

0

-.4

-1

-2

-3

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

+.2

0

-.2

-.2

-.6

-1

+2

+1

+.9

+.5

+.2

0

-.07

-.1

-.8

-2

+0.6

+.3

+.1

+.06

+.03

0

-.03

-.1

-.2

Potash:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with KaO percent.

10

.001

35

4

29

.08

.4

74

.07

.4

Predicted percent change in yield with change In K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100 -

+50 - ---

+25 -

+10 - -—

0, average use— -
64 AGKICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 97.—Barley in the western region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, P2O5J and

K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Colo. Nev. Calif. Ariz.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 - - .

120

80 . 44

45

40

35

28

34

44

45

46

46

45

44

44

32

32

30

30

27

27

72

62

56

63

50

61

72

62

56

63

60

66

41

40 - 54

47

45

39

40

60

46

41

35

35

33

30

27

25

25

36

34

33

31

32

39

20 36

10 - 34

0 31

Average use (cf. table 98) 32

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 44

120 - 45

80 35

34

33

32

30

31

37

40 . . 48

42

38

36

37

30

28

27

25

26

29

26

23

20

20

34

20 . --. 74

74

73

73

73

73

34

10 - - 33

0 _ _- 31

Average use (cf. table 98) - - - - 31

Potash rate:

160- -

120 -

80 -

40

20-- -

10

0_ __ __ _

Average use (cf. table 98)

TABLE 98.—Barley in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of N, P2O6, and K20y 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Colo. Nev. Calif. Ai-iz.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage - 1.000 acres 278

250

8,750

36

65

1398

«337

' 10. 784

32

71

410

386

13,896

36

72

900

849

23, 772

28

88

•822

490

9,656

20

50

25

30

1,060

35

47

2,300

1,800

57,600

32

89

198

163

6,620

40

64

5,331

4,305

131,927

31

78

Harvested acreage.. do--

Total production _ 1,000 bushels..

Average yield

Do.... - —

bushels per acre..

percent of potential..

Nitrogen:

Total use -

Average use

short tons.-

pounds per acre

83

.6

2

11, 359

7

20

156

.8

4

66

.12

1

60

.1

2

20

2

9

9,030

8

19

1,800

18

30

12,563

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.- 12

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+2

+2

+1

+.5

+.2

0

-.5

-1

-2

-2

+19

+12

+7

+1

+.6

0

-3

-5

-11

-17

+0.8

+.6

+.3

+.3

+.3

0

-.3

-.6

-.8

-1

+0.2

+.1

+.07

+.03

+.01

0

-.01

-.03

-.06

-.1

+0.2

+.1

+.06

+.04

+.02

0

-.02

-.04

-.06

-.1

+2

+1

+.4

+.2

+.08

0

-.2

-.3

-.6

-1

+8

+5

+3

+1

+.6

0

-.5

-1

-3

-6

+18

+10

+5

+2

+1

0

-1

-2

-6

-10

+.3

0

+100 - _

+60. -

+25 -

+10 __

0, average use _

-10 — : . — 5

-25.. —1

-50 2

—100, no application .. —4

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use _ short tons 260

1

4

110

.2

1

106

.3

2

69

5

9

2,334

2

8

600

6

30

S 469

Average use pounds per acre 1

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O5..- - -percent.. 6

Predicted percent change In yield with change in P2O5 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+1

+.6

+.4

+.3

+.1

0

0

-.06

-.1

-.3

+0.6

+.2

+.1

+.06

+.02

0

-.02

-.06

-.1

-.2

+0.8

+.6

+.3

+.2

+.1

0

-.1

-.2

-.2

-.3

+0.6

+.3

+.1

+.1

+.04

0

-.06

-.1

-.3

-.6

+2

+.9

+.4

+.2

+.06

0

-.1

-.3

-.5

-1

+0.7

+.3

+.2

+.1

+.05

0

-.06

-.2

-.3

-.6

+1

+ 6

+.3

+.2

+.06

0

-.07

-.2

-.3

-.6

+100

+60.

+25

+10

0, average use 0 0

-10. _

-25

-60

—100, no application

Potash:

Total use short tons.. 37

3

9

137

.1

1

174 Average use pounds per acre.. 1

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O.... .- percent-. 1

Predicted percent change in yield with change in KjO fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+100

+60 .-

+25

+10-

0, average use 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-10.— -

-25.
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 65

TABLE 99.—Oats in the western region: Estimated average yield (bushels per acre) from given application rate of A/", P2O5, and

K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Colo. Nev. Calif. Ariz.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 - -

120 - ---- _

80 - - 62

60

56

51

42

42

60

52

47

44

40

40

44

41

39

38

38

38

61

40 - 76

70

65

60

61

40

37

34

32

32

59

55

51

45

45

""54"

52

49

46

46

54

52

49

46

47

56

20 -- 62

10 - 49

0 _ 44

Average use (cf. table 100) 44

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 - -

120 - --

80 — 67

67

65

62

60

61

51

44

38

34

31

31

53

52

50

48

46

46

53

52

50

48

46

46

45

45

45

44

44

44

57

40 - - 75

74

71

68

68

57

52

50

45

45

53

20 - 55

10 - _ 53

0 _ 50

Average use (cf. table 100) ___ 50

Potash rate:

160... - -

120 .

80

40 -- -

20

10 ._ -

0 __ __ __

Average use (cf. table 100)... _.

TABLE 100.—Oats in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of N, P2O5, and 2^20, 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Colo. Nev. Calif. Ariz.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Plantp-rl ftcreage 1,000 acres.- 235

167

8,183

49

64

292

281

8,992

32

42

230

212

9,540

45

76

450

444

15,984

36

54

1248

190

4,940

26

43

12

8

360

45

83

600

196

6,272

32

59

25

10

300

30

67

2,092

Harvested acreage do... 1,508

Total production . 1,000 bushels— 54,571

Average yield

Do _

bushels per acre..

...-percent of potential..

36

55

Nitrogen:

Total use _ _-.

Average use

Planted acreage fertUized with N

short tons..

pounds per acre.-

percent-.

294

2

10

183

1

82

.7

8

45

.2

2

27

.2

2

2

.3

1

739

2

9

75

6

15

1,447

1

6

Predicted percent change h1 yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent: +4

\%+.5

+.2

0

-.2

-.5

-1

-2

+2

+1

+.5

+.2

+.08

0

-.08

-.2

-.5

-1

+2

+.7

+.3

+.2

+.1

0

-.1

-.2

-.3

-.4

+0.9

+.5

+.2

+.1

+.05

0

-.05

-.1

-.3

-.6

+0.4

+.2

+.1

+.05

+.02

0

-.02

-.05

-.1

-.2

+0.4

+.2

+.09

+.06

+.02

0

-.04

-.06

-.1

-.3

+3

+2

+.8

+.4

+.2

0

-.09

-.4

-.9

-2

tl

+.8

+.6

+.2

0

-.4

-.7

-.8

-2

+2

+100 +1

+50 — +.5

+25 - — +.3

+10 _ - +.1

0, average use - -

0

-10 -.09

—25 -

-.3

—50 -.6

—100, no application -

-1

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use

Avfirapp nsf»

short tons--

pniiTids pp.r ftPTft

117

1

10

280

2

8

90

.4

2

47

.4

2

5

.8

1

487

2

7

56

4

15

1,082

1

Planted acreage fertilized with P:05 percent- 6

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O0 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

j_onn +0.8

+.2

+.04

+.03

+.01

0

-.01

-.03

-.06

-.07

+6

+3

+1

+.4

+.2

0

-.1

-.2

-.3

-.7

+0.2

+.09

+.04

+.02

+.007

0

-.008

-.03

-.06

-.1

+1

+.6

+.3

+.04

+.02

0

-.05

-.1

-.3

-.4

+0.2

+.1

+.06

+.02

+.006

0

-.007

-.03

-.06

-.1

+2

+.8

+.4

+.3

+.2

0

-.05

-.1

-.3

-.7

+1

+.6

+.3

+.2

+.07

0

-.08

-.2

-.3

-.6

+2

+100 +.8

+50 +.3

4-'2R +.2

-Lin +.1

0. average use 0 0

in -.04

9"^ -.09

50 « - -_

-.2

—10Ö, no application --- -

-.4

Potash: short tons 20

.07

1

20

Dounds Der acre .07

Planted acreage fertüized with KaO.... percent.- 1

Predicted percent change in yield with change in KaO fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+100lI"l""--^"II----'------

1 EA -r«ju

+25 -

+10 —- - -

-— .....

5""

..... Ó"" Ó""" 5""' 5""" Ö""
66 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 101.—Sorghum graiuj rice, peanuis^ andflaxseed in the western region: Estimated average yield from given application rate

of Nf P2O6, and K2O, 1960 basis

Sorghum grain

(bushels per acre)

Rice

(bags per

acre)

Peanuts

(pounds

per acre)

Flaxseed (bushels per acre)

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre)

Calif. Ariz.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Calif. N.Mex. Oreg. Calif. Ariz.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 - .

120

80 78

65

63

64

62

65

78

60

66

60

47

60

28

24

22

21

20

20

28

24

22

21

20

24

28

24

22

21

20

24

28

40 68

62

48

45

48

46

43

39

36

44

24

20 .- 22

10 21

0 20

Averaee use fcf. table 102). _ -_ - -- -. 24

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160

120 - - - ..

80 76

62

41

36

30

34

76

67

62

49

45

47

876

870

829

759

650

762

28

24

22

21

20

20

28

24

22

21

20

24

28

24

22

21

20

23

28

40- 60

68

66

63

64

43

43

43

42

42

24

20 22

10 21

0 20

Average use (cf. table 102) 24

Potash rate:

160

120 -

80

40 60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

20

10

0-

Average use (cf. table 102)
FERTLLIZEE USE AND CROP YIELDS 67

TABLE 102.—Sorghum grain, rice, peanuts, and flaxseed in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from

increases or decreases from average application rate of N, P2O6, and K2O, 1950 basis

^r use

Sorghum grahi Rice Peanuts Flaxseed

Acreages, yields, and fertllJ

Calif. Ariz.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Calif. N. Mex. Oreg. Calif. Ariz.

Weighted

average

for States

reporthig

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage

Harvested acreage, 1,000 acres:

Grain

1,000 acres.. 142

136

4

2

72

86

9

5

214

222

13

7

250 7 2 60 14 76

Silage

Forage

Sirup

Tntiîl _ _ _ 142

6,304

40

7

100

3,784

90

10

242

9,088

130

17

232 7 2 59 13 74

Total production:

Grain 1,000 bushels..

1,000 tons..

do—.

SUage

Forage

Sirup _ 1,000 gaUons..

Rice 1,000 bags.. 7,772

Peanuts _ 1,000 pounds..

.

6,545

Flaxseed 1,000 bushels.. 16 1,416 247 1,679

Average yield:

Grain bushels per acretons per acre..

do

39

10

4

44

10

2

41

10

2

SUage

Forage

Sirup - gallons per acre..

Rice bags per acre.. 34

Peanuts _ pnimds per íiííre 936

Flaxseed bushels per acre.. 8

24

24

86

19

68

23

Average yield ...percent of potential.. 65 66 62 74 107 81

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.-

pounds per acre..

percent.-

618

9

23

450

12

25

1,068

10

24

3,830

31

77

3

3

10

1,332

44

88

300

43

85

1,636

Average use 43

85

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Ohange in application rate, percent:

+13

+8x\

+.6

0

-.6

-1

-3

-6

+16

c

-.7

-2

-3

-6

+14

+8

+4

+2

+1

0

-.6

-1

-3

-6

+3

+2

+.7

+.2

V

-.2

-.4

-.8

-2

-1-100 - +5

+3

+2

+.3

0

-1

-3

-7

-20

+18

+9

+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-10

-19

+18

+9

*i

-2

-4

-9

-18

+18

+50 +9

+25 +4

+10 - . - +2

0, average use 0 0

-10 -2

—25 -6

—50 . _ -10

—100, no application _ - -18

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.. 305

4

8

270

8

25

576

5

14

15

.1

.3

32

9

21

1

1

10

1,282

43

86

240

34

85

1,623

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with PaO«..

pounds per acre..

percent..

40

84

Predicted percent change in yield with change hi PaOe fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+6

+3

+1

+.7

+.2

0

-.4

-.7

-1

-3

+22

+11

+6

+4

+1

0

-.9

-3

-6

-12

+3

+2

+.5

0

-.6

-1

-3

-6

+0.1

+.05

+.03

+.01

+.003

0

-.01

-.02

-.03

-.06

+14

+9

+6

+2

+1

0

-1

-2

-6

-14

+1

+.5

+.2

+.1

+.04

0

-.06

-.1

-.3

-.8

+100 +18

+9

«

-2

-6

-10

-18

+16

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-4

-8

-16

+17

-1-60 --8

+25. --4

+10.. +2

0, averse use - 0

—10 -2

—26 -6

-50.. -9

—100, no application --- -17

Potash:

Total use short tons 233

3

6

233

3

6

.5

.004

.01

pounds of anrfi

Planted acreage" fertuïzedwîth'KaO'.."..". percent..

1 Predicted percent change in yield with change in KaO fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent: 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-i-inn Xm " """I'"::::

4.0c

4.10 -.-

0. averaffA USA - --..—-

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

in _

OK

fin .
68 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUXTURE

TABLE 103.—Lint cotton, mint, and hops in the western region: Estimated average yield (pounds per acre) from given application

rate of N, P2O5, and K2O, 1950 basis

Lint cotton Mint Hops

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Calif. Ariz. N. Mex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Wash. Oreg.

Weighted

average

for States

reporthig

Wash. Oreg. Calif.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 963

945

919

858

816

784

744

886

962

962

945

910

833

798

744

802

901

901

901

901

901

901

901

901

""Í,"Í8Í"

1,020

934

909

893

1,125

1,093

1,086

998

875

796

752

700

798

1,104

1,045

964

800

683

605

500

635

"Í,"ÍÍ5'

1,090

985

900

860

800

849

997

969

994

889

823

784

739

902

1,003

1,021

984

914

835

788

743

809

901

901

901

901

901

901

901

901

2,050

2.050

2,000

1,850

1,670

1,580

1,500

1,760

1,476

1,383

1,263

1,143

1,050

1,000

900

1,100

1,600

1,475

1,440

1,390

1,360

1,326

1,300

1,375

2,050

2,050

2,000

1,850

1,670

1,680

1,600

1,860

"2,'525"

1,995

1,942

1,920

1,900

1,942

1,816

120 63

62

67

38

30

20

61

63

49

42

38

36

34

44

66

52

46

38

34

30

48

1,779

80 - - - 1,701

40 1,563

20 — - 1,418

10 1,345

0 1.256

Average use (cf. table 104) _ _ 1,514

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 - 1,500

120 100

96

88

70

61

61

61

44'

43

43

42

44

100

96

56

60

48

44

48

"2,"Ô25"

1,996

1,942

1,920

1,900

1,920

1,475

80 1,787

40 1,749

20 _ - 1,702

10 ._ _ 1,678

0 1,656

Average use (cf. table 104) -.. ___ 1,704

Potash rate:

160

120

80 - - .-_

40

20 _ _

10

0 .

Average use (cf. table 104).- ._.

TABLE 104.—Lint cotton, mint, and hops in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases

or decreases from average application rate of N, P2O5, and K2O, 1960 basis

Lint cotton Mmt Hops

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use

Calif. Ariz. N. Mex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Wash. Oreg.

Weighted

average

for States

reportmg

Wash. Oreg. Calif.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage.— ..1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do

Total production 1,000,000 pounds..

600

581

489

273

275

237

189

170

94

1,062

1,026

820

6

5

14

16

19

20

14

14

15

16

8

9

37

38

Do _ .1,000 pounds.. 306

61

61

657

44

83

963

48

78

24.081

1,720

84

16,279

1,085

72

16,121

1,791

87

56,481

Average yield . pounds per acre 842

87

862

73

550

49

799

77

1 486

Do percent of potential.. ' 80

Nitrogen:

Total use.. short tons 16,383

56

78

9,000

66

73

1,323

14

20

26,706

50

66

150

60

342

48

492

52

210

30

225

30

172

43

607

Average use _ pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent..

33

Change in application rate, percent:

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+9

+7

+4

+3

+.8

0

-1

-6

-6

-16

+11

+6

+2

0

-2

-7

-13

-21

+27

+16

+8

+6

-2

-5

-8

-21

+13

+9

+6

+4

+1

0

-1

-6

-8

-18

+.9

+.5

0

-.7

-3

-21

-67

+23

+15

+9

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-11

-21

+23

+12

+7

+4

+2

0

-2

-5

-14

-33

+14

+10

+6

+4

+1

0

-2

-4

-8

-15

+18

+10

+6

+2

+2

0

-2

-3

-6

-18

+10

+8

+4

+2

+.8

0

-1

-5

-10

-19

+15

+100 - - . - +10

+50 . +5

+25 +3

+10.„_ _ +1

0, average use. __ 0

-2

-25 -4

~60 - -8

—100, no application -17

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons 3,614

12

20

3,200

23

73

832

9

20

7,646

14

34

25

10

274

38

299

31

70

10

225

30

82

20

377

Average use pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6 percent..

20

Change in application rate, percent:

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

+11 tl

+1

+.6

0

-.7

-2

-4

-7

+20

+12

+6

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-12

+10

+6

+3

+2

+1

0

-.7

-1

-3

-6

+13

+8

+4

+2

+.8

0

-.8

-2

-4

-8

+30

+14

+7

+3

+1

0

-2

-4

-8

-17

+10

+5

+3

+1

+.6

0

-.7

-2

-3

-6

+15

+7

+4

+2

+.7

0

-1

-2

-4

-8

+2

+1

+.6

+.3

+.1

0

-.2

-.4

-.7

-1

+5

+2

tl

+.4

0

-.4

-1

-4

-5

+3

+2

+1

+.5

+.2

0

-.3

-.8

-1

-2

+3

+100 ._ +2

+50... - .. +1

+25 _ +.6

+10 .. . +.2

0, average use 0

-10... ^.^:..^::::vv -.3

-25 -.7

-50 . -2

—100, no application _ _ -3

Potash:

Total use short tons 158

.5

4

158

.5

4

140

20

140

20

30

4

33

8

63

Average use pounds per acre.. 4

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent..

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

A

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+100 -.

+50 _

+25

+10 - -

0, average use.. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-10

OR
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 69

TABLE 105.—Sugar heets in the western region: Estimated average yield (tons per acre) from given application rate of N, PTPH

and K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Wyo. Colo. Utah Calif. Ariz. N. Mex.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 - 29

28

26

20

15

12

10

20

25

25

24

23

22

22

21

24

25

24

23

20

18

17

16

23

25

25

25

25

24

24

24

24

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

24

23

20

18

17

16

25

25

25

25

25

24

24

24

25

is'

14

13

13

12

14

17'

16

15

15

15

16

25

120

19"

18

18

18

18

15

14

14

13

13

12

14

18

18

17

16

15

14

15

18

18

17

16

15

15

14

15

---

14

13

13

13

14

Í7'

16

15

15

15

16

21

80 20

40 - - 18

20 - 17

10 16

0 - - 15

Average use (of. table 106) _ 19

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 - - 22

120 - 27

26

25

22

22

20

25

16

16

16

15

15

14

16

16

16

15

13

12

10

15

21

80 - - 21

21

21

21

21

21

19

18

18

18

18

19

20

40—_ - 20

20 - - 19

10 19

0 18

Average use (of. table 106) 19

Potash rate:

160 -— 25

120 16

16

16

16

16

16

16

23

80 - _ 21

21

21

21

21

21

23

40 _ 23

20 -.- - 23

10 - _ 23

0 —- 23

Average use (of. table 106) 23

TABLE 106.—Sugar beets in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of AT, P2O6, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Wyo. Colo. Utah Calif. Ariz. N. Mex.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage

Harvested acreage

Total production __.

1,000 acres.-

r"""IIIIIÍ,"()00toñs'I

21

14

295

21

72

26

16

341

21

84

97

87

1,511

17

89

65

62

744

12

75

38

36

454

13

81

U54

»146

2,190

15

83

39

38

535

14

82

219

209

3,898

19

76

4

.5

8

16

64

2

.2

2

10

59

665

609

9,978

Average yield _ tons per acre.. 16

Do.— - -.percent of potential.. 62

Nitrogen:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with N

short tons..

pounds per acre-.

percent..

420

40

100

683

52

70

960

20

80

1,300

40

81

355

5

50

600

31

76

9,460

86

88

380

190

100

32

32

100

14,190

45

76

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

-1-200 +37

+30

+15

+6

+?

-7

-12

-26

-51

+7

+5

+3

+2

+.8

0

-.4

-2

-5

-10

+4

+2

+2

+1

+.2

0

-.5

-1

-2

-2

+4

+4

+3

+2

+.8

0

-1

-2

-6

-14

........

+4

+2

+1

+1

+.7

0

-.7

-1

-2

-3

+14

+6

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.6

-2

-4

-6

+8

+8

+5

+3

+1

0

-2

-10

-15

-31

+0.4

+.2

0

-.2

-1

-6

-36

+15

+7

+4

+2

+.8

0

-.8

-2

-3

-8

+7

+100 +6

+50 +3

+25 +2

+10—. +.8

0, average use. 0

-10 . .. —1

-25 . —5

-50 ... -8

—100, no application. -16

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6--

.short tons.-

pounds per acre..

percent-.

420

40

100

728

56

70

2,360

49

80

1,950

60

100

900

48

80

1,775

23

50

600

31

76

3,777

34

39

170

85

100

44

44

100

12, 724

38

52

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+8

+5

+5

+2

+2

0

-2

-6

-10

-20

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+1

+.5

0

0

-.5

-2

-2

-3

+0.6

+.6

+.6

+.6

+.6

0

-.4

-1

-3

-10

+6

+5

+3

+2

+.7

0

-1

-3

-10

-34

+10

+6

+3

+2

+.3

0

-.3

-2

-4

-8

+13

+6

+3

+2

+.6

0

-.7

-2

-3

-7

+3

+2

+1

+.6

+.2

0

-.3

-.5

-1

-2

0

0

0

0

0

-.4

-.8

-2

-5

+17

+10

+5

+2

+.9

0

-.8

-2

-4

-9

+6

+100. +3

+60 -. +2

+25 . +1

+10 +.3

0, average use . . . . 0

-10... . -.4

-25 .- -2

—50 -3

-100, no application -7

Potash:

Total use __ short tons.. 40

3

70

25

.8

8

616

6

10

681

_ pounds per acre.. 4

Planted acreagê'fei tïiizêd with K2Ö— percent.- 15

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent: +0.2

+.1

+.06

+.03

--.009

0

-.02

-.04

-.06

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+0.04

4.inn . 0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

....-—

+.02

+.01

+ 006

4-m

.1.25 -- J-IQ + 002

0 0 0 5 0 0 0

_10 — 003

—25 - — 01

en m
70 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 107.—Potatoes in the western region: Estimated average yield {bushels per acre) from given application rate of N, PiOi

and K2O, 1960 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Colo. Utah Nev. Calif. Ariz. N. Mex.

Weighted

average

for Stetes

reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160 606

600

483

433

346

293

240

400

442

463

424

331

255

205

160

276

456

460

449

425

412

405

400

425

450

457

457

450

448

446

443

444

365

412

416

356

348

344

340

346

""386"

375

369

366

366

370

600

600

600

472

462

447

432

600

600

600

472

436

400

390

375

432

600

600

600

483

458

441

427

446

600

600

600

472

462

447

432

600

600

600

472

436

400

390

375

500

600

500

600

472

458

441

427

600

"""485"

469

402

359

329

300

418

453

424

382

349

326

313

300

361

435

120 409

373

282

212

174

126

212

412

406

368

319

269

230

176

319

485

459

402

356

329

300

349

463

424

382

349

326

313

300

350

400

360

312

310

310

310

310

453

424

382

349

326

313

300

326

485

459

402

366

329

300

479

463

424

382

349

326

313

300

376

467

80 - 448

40 395

20 368

10 348

0 _ 328

Average use (cf. table 108) -- -- 383

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 — . 475

120 490

476

420

366

333

300

416

470

80 422

40 -- 394

20 372

10 361

0 350

Average use (cf. table 108) - .- -- 391

Potash rate:

160 488

120 600

496

480

460

463

446

470

491

80 332

330

328

327

324

326

421

40 . 412

20 - 399

10 393

0 _ 386

Average use (cf. table ÎÔ8) 396

TABLE 108.—Potatoes in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreasesfrom average

application rate of N, P2O5, and K2Ö, 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Colo. Utah Nev. Calif. Ariz. N. Mex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres.

Harvested acreage —do.„

Total production... 1,000 bushels.

Average yield bushels per acre.

Do percent of potential.

38

11,780

310

61

41

40

13,200

330

72

161

158

1,610

295

71

12

112

12,700

225

65

167

156

118,200

325

67

16

14

3,335

238

63

1

2

468

234

48

123

123

48,075

391

78

4

6

1,704

341

68

2

3

240

80

16

454

451

146,312

324

70

Nitrogen:

Total use short tonsAverage use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+50

+25

+10

0, average use

-10 _

-25

-60

—100, no application

670

30

75

1672

33

80

1,042

13

65

120

20

95

488

17

75

75

10

60

76

109

90

6,687

109

89

210

120

100

9,988

44

76

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

+22

+18

+13

+6

+3

0

-4

-11

-21

-40

+43 +3 +57 +21 0 0 +19

+29 +.7 +33 +11 0 0 0 +14

+17 +.5 +18 +5 0 +3 0 0 +8

--9 +.2 +10 +3 0 +2 0 0 +4

--2 +.06 +3 +1 0 +1 0 0 +2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-5 -.2 -2 -2 0 -2 0 0 -2

-10 -.8 -11 -4 0 -6 0 -.6 -6

-23 -1 -18 -7 0 -12 -.9 -2 -13

-61 -2 -41 -14 0 -38 -14 -14 -28

1840 1,865 240 1,209 150 46 2,321 280 48

41 23 40 42 20 65 38 160 48

80 65 95 75 50 90 63 100 60

+11

+7

+4

+2

+.7

0

-1

-3

-6

-16

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.

Average use pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6 percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

+100

+60....

+25.

+10

0, average use

-10

-25

-50

—100, no application

713

38

76

7,712

34

Predicted percent change in yield with change hi PaOs fertilizer rate

+18

+14 +7+4

+2

0

-2

-4

-11

-26

+8 +3 +27 +22 +14 +26 +14 +24

--6 +2 +16 +12 +7 +16 +10 +11

+4 --.6 +11 +7 +3 +8 +5 0 +7

+3 --.3 +6 +4 +2 +4 +3 0 +4 +1 --.05 +4 +1 +.6 +2 +2 0 +1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-.2 -.1 -2 -2 -.9 -2 -.8 0 -2

-1 -.6 -6 -4 -2 -6 -3 0 -4

-3 -.8 -16 -7 -4 -10 -6 -4 -8

-6 -.09 -45 -14 -8 -20 -13 -26 -16

85

4

80

150

2

728

12

21

250

143

100

+11

+7

+4

+2

+1

0

-.Í

-2

-5

-10

Potash:

Total use short tons.

Average use _ pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with KaO percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

--200

—100

-60

—25

+10

0, average use.

-10

570

30

76

1,783

10

44

Predicted percent change in yield with change in KaO fertüizer rate

--6 +0.6

+.3

+.2

+.2

+.04

0

-.07

+0.6

+.6

+.6

+.2

+.1

0

-.09

. h7

-4

-2

h2

4- R

+5

+2 0

0

0

0

0

Ö'

+1

+.4

0

-.7

0 0 0 0 0

-.5

+3

+2

•?..

+.2

0
FEKTILIZER USE AND CEOP YIELDS 71

TABLE 109.—Dry beans and peas in the western region: Estimated average yield (pounds per acre) from given application rate of

Nj P2O6, and K2O, 1950 basis

Average fertUlzer rates (pounds per acre) Wash.i Idaho Mont. Wyo. Calif. Ariz.i

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120 3,180

3,040

2,700

2,495

2,374

2,250

2,276

3,180

3,040

2,700

2,495

2,374

2,250

2,298

3,180

3,040

2,700

2,495

2,374

2,250

2,288

3,180 80 1,725

1,725

1,725

1,725

1,725

1,725

2,557 40 ". " " 2,342

20 2,212

10 " "" 2,136

0 2,057 Average use (cf. table 110) 2,087 Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 _

120 ■■ 2,310

2,208

1,980

1,740

1,590

1,380

1,440

2,310

2,208

1,980

1,740

1,690

1,380

1,485

2,310

80 " "" 3,000

2,925

2,720

2,600

2,600

2,540

1,725

1,725

1,725

1,725

1,725

1,725

3,000

2,925

2,720

2,600

2,600

2,646

3,000

2,925

2,720

2,600

2,500

2,540

2,474

2,394

2,244

2,155

2,066

2,106

40

20 "..

10

0

Average use (cf. table 110)

Potash rate:

160

120 \

80 \

40

20

10 ".

0

Average use (cf. table 110)

1 Does not include dried peas.

TABLE 110.—Dry beans and peas in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases

from average application rate of Nj P2O5, and KiO^ 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Wash.» Idaho Mont. Wyo. Calif. Ariz.i

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage

Harvested acreage

1,000 acres..

do

6

12

23

1,883

69

195

193

333

1,725

100

30

21

29

1,381

60

86

71

96

1,352

69

319

320

462

1,443

46

11

12

6

500

16

647

629

Total production.. 1.000.000 Dounds 949

Average yield pounds ppr fl-crfi 1,508

Do ...percent of potential.. 64

Nitrogen:

Total use __ short tons 6

2

10

67

.7

45

600

4

8

16

3

10

689

Average use poTindg per ftf^rpi 3

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.. 22

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+2

+1

+.5

Í:?

0

-.1

-.3

-.6

-1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+4

+2

+.2

0

-.2

-.6

-1

-2

+3

Í:?

0

-.2

-.4

-.8

-2

+2

+100 +1

--50 +.6

"25 +:3

--10 +.1

0, average use 0 0 0

-10..... :..: .:..: : -.1

-25 —.4

-60 -.6

—100, no application... -1

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.. 12

4

10

254

3

45

22

1

6

200

5

10

698

4

8

22

4

10

1,208

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with PjOs

pounds per acre..

percent..

4

19

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PaOs fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

-1-200, +3

+2

+.8

+.4

+.2

0

-.2

-.4

-.8

-2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+6

+2

+1

+.6

+.2

0

-.2

-.6

-1

-2

+11

+6

+3

+1

+.2

0

-1

-2

-4

-7

+3

+2

+.8

+.4

+.2

0

-.2

-.5

-.9

-2

+3

+2

+.8

+.4

+.2

0

-.2

-.4

-.8

-2

+3

+100 +2

+60 +.9

+25 ::.::.::.:".:::.:....:..::... :..:..:: +.4

+10 :...:.:::.:::..::..::_.::.__:...: +.1

0, average use. 0

-.2

-25 _ -.6

-50 -1

—100, no application -. -2

Potash:

Total use short tons

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with KjO

pounds per acre.

percent.

Change in application rate, percent:

-j-2nn

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+100

+60 _

+26

+10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-10 ""..
72 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

TABLE 111.—Fruits and nuts, and seed and specialty crops in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting

from increases or decreases from average application rate of iV, Pzft, and K2O, 1960 basis

zer use

Fruits and nuts Seed and specialty crops

Acreages, yields, and fertlh

Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Utah Calif. Ariz. N.

Mex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Wash.

Oreg.

Weighted

Leg.

gume

seed

Grass

seed

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage

Harvested acreage

1,000 acres..

do....

155 167 15 3 20 1,499 20 18 1,897 42 298 181 621

Total production _ 1,000 tons..

Do ... 1,000 pounds,

Average yield tons per acre..

Do nnnnrls ni>r ñorñ

Do nercp.nt of notftntial

Nitrogen:

Total use- short tons.. 1,504

19

62

6,208

74

54

104

14

35

25

17

66

125

12

25

46,354

62

810

81

90

3

0.3

1

55,133

58

54

766

36

3,318

37

4,084

Average use 37

Planted acreage fertilized with N

.pounds per acre..

percent..

Predicted percent change in yield with change In N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+86

+55

+27

+13

+5

0

-6

-14

-28

-84

+30

+20

+10

+7

+2

0

-2

-7

-13

-37

+14

+8

+4

+2

+.9

0

-1

-3

-6

-13

+100

+60

+29

+14

+6

0

-6

-15

-27

-58

+14

+8

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-6

-12

+11

+10

+5

+3

+1

0

-2

-5

-12

-25

+8

+4

+2

+.2

0

-2

-4

-8

-20

+0.6

+.3

+.2

+.08

+.04

0

-.07

-.1

-.2

-.4

+19

+14

+7

+4

+1

0

-2

-6

-13

-30

+66

+37

+19

+10

+3

0

-6

-10

-21

-49

+66

+32

+17

+9

+3

0

+100 - +12

+8

+5

+2

0

-4

-8

-18

-35

.......

+50

+25... -

+10

0, average use _

—6

-25 —10

-50 _ -20

—100, no application _ . . . . —46

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with PjO«.

short tons..

.pounds per acre..

percent..

1,617

21

62

1,605

19

54

52

7

35 66

50

5

25

7,222

10

4

0.4

1

10,550

11

53

1,199

57

1,032

7

538

6

2,769

11

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PaOs fertilizer rate

Ohange in application rate, percent:

+0.3

+.3

+.2

+.2

+.06

0

-.03

-.08

-.2

-.4

+2

+2

+.8

+.4

+.2

0

-.2

-.6

-1

-4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Ö

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+1

+1

+.4

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.5

-2

+3

+2

+2

0

-2

-4

-8

-20

+8

+3

+2

+.8

+.2

0

-.4

-.8

-2

-5

Ö

+8

XI

+.9

+ 4

+100

+50 -

+25

+10 -. ._

0, average use 0 0 0

-10— — 6

-25.. _ _1

-50 -3

—100, no application -7

Potash:

Total use short tons.-

.pounds per acre..

percent..

424

5

62

960

11

54

13

2

35

13

1

25

3,293

4

4,703

5

55

200

10

130

1

330

Average use 3

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O.

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertüizer rate

Change m application rate, percent:

+200 +0.3

+.2

+.2

+.08

+.03

0

0

-.08

-.2

-.3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+0.2

+.2

+.2

+.06

+.02

0

0

-.06

-.2

-.2

+100

+50.-_ _

+25..._ _.

+10

0, average use .. .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

»

0 0

-10

-25

-50

—100, no application
FERTILIZER USE AND CROP YIELDS 73

TABLE 112.- 'Vegetahles in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from

average application rate of Nj P2O5, and K2Ô, 1960 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Wash. Oreg. Idaho Colo. Utah Nev. Calif. Ariz. N. Mex.

Weighted

average

for States

reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage _ 1,000 acres..

Harvested acreage do

Total production 1,000 tons

106

96

289

3

90

84

299

4

41

23

114

5

155

52

328

6

29

28

142

5

1

.8

9

11

627

537

3,773

7

75

89

538

6

6

6

41

7

1,029

915.8

5,533

Average yield tons per acre.. 6

Do percent of potential

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons 1,109

21

52

2,090

46

58

567

28

64

622

23

52

143

10

45

13

26

75

19,340

62

72

4,000

107

100

156

62

100

28,040

Average ii«?ft_ poiiTids per acre '54

Planted acreage fertilized with N percent.. 69

Predicted percent change in yield with change hi N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+56

+30

+16

+10

+3

0

-4

-12

-22

-47

+23

+15

+8

+5

+2

0

-2

-6

-11

-20

+32

+20

+12

+7

+3

0

-5

-8

-13

-32

+64

+28

+14

+7

+3

0

-3

-7

-15

-32

+16

+12

+11

+8

+3

0

-7

-16

-31

-63

+13

+9

+5

+3

+1

0

-1

-3

-7

-17

+31

+17

+9

+6

+2

0

-2

-4

-8

-13

+22

+100 +19

0

_2

-8

-16

-40

+13

+11

+8

+3

0

-3

-8

-16

-27

+14

+50 +8

+25 +5

+10 +2

0, average use _ 0

-2

-25 -5

-50 -10

—100, no application -23

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.. 1,388

26

52

2,090

46

58

981

48

64

323

12

54

257

18

45

18

36

75

15,169

48

63

1,500

40

100

119

48

100

21,845

Average use _ _ pouTids ppr fvcre 42

Planted acreage fertilized with P3O5 percent.. 63

Predicted percent change in yield with change hi PjOe fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+29

+19

+10

ii

0

-2

-6

-14

-29

+12

+6

+4

+2

+.4

0

-.5

-2

-3

-6

+21

+12

+5

+3

+1

0

-.8

-3

-7

-14

+34

+22

+10

+6

+3

0

-3

-6

-11

-25

+2

+2

+1

+.6

+.2

0

-.3

-.7

-2

-6

+0.5

+1

+2

+1

-.5

-1

-2

-4

+0.2

+.8

+.2

0

-.3

-1

-2

-4

+8

+100 _ +20

+10

+6

+2

0

-2

-6

-15

-37

+12

+8

+4

+2

0

-2

-6

-15

-41

+6

+3

+25 +2

+10 +.6

0, aver£^e use. - 0

—10 -.7

-25... -2

-50 ... .... -4

—100, no application.. -10

Potash:

Total use ... .. . _ .. _-. .. short tons 971

18

52

1,125

25

58

280

14

64

23

2

11

5,241

17

41

1,600

43

100

9,240

Avpragfi nsft ., pnnnrlji pp.r n,r».rfi 19

Planted acreage fertilized with K2O percent.. 65 49

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+18

+11

+7

+3

+J

-2

-5

-9

-18

+4

+2

+1

+.6

-.3

-.6

-1

-2

+0.6

+.4

+.3

+.2

+.08

0

-.09

-.2

-.6

-2

"Is

+.4

+.3

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.4

-1

+3

+100 +2

+50 +1

+25 - +.6

+10 +.2

0, average use. . . 0 0 0 0 0 0

—10 -.3

-25 -.8

—50 -2

—4

» Revised.
74 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 68, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF.AGRICULTURE

TABLE 113.—Hay in the western region: Estimated average yield (tons per acre) from given application rate of Nj P2O5, andKiO

1950 basis

Average fertilizer rates (pounds per acre) Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Wyo. Colo. Utah Nev. Calif. Ariz. N.Mex.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Nitrogen rate:

160

120

80 3.0

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

6.2

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.6

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

6.0

4.6

4 3

40 2.4

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.2

20

10

0

Averaffe use let table 114^

Phosphoric oxide rate:

160 4.4

4.2

3.6

2.7

2.1

1.6

1.0

1.1

4.7

4.4

4.1

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.0

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.8

""'7.'Ö'

6.6

6.6

6.3

6.2

5.0

6.3

7.0

6.9

6.7

6.1

6.6

6.3

4.9

6.7

120 - . - 2.7

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

4.2

4.2

3.7

3.2

2.9

2.6

3.0

""2'V

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.4

4.4

4.0

3.3

2.8

2.6

2.2

2.4

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.1

80 -

40 3 6

20 3 3

10 3 1

0 _ 2.8

Average use (cf. table 114)._ _ _> 3.0

Potash rate:

160

120

80

40 -

20 -

10-

0

Average use (of. table 114) 1 ::::;

TABLE 114.—Hay in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resulting from increases or decreases from average

application rate of iST, P2O6, and KiOy 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Wyo. Colo. Utah Nev. Calif. Ariz. N. Mex.

Weighted

average for

States reporting

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage 1,000 acres.-

Harvested acreage do

Total production - 1,000 tons..

540

873

1,737

2

67

800

1,123

1,904

1.7

33

1,000

1,144

2,424

2.1

50

1,450

2,601

2,999

1.2

41

1,120

1,119

1,150

23

11,600

1,347

1,984

L5

34

451

665

1,062

L9

63

218

450

662

L6

32

1,216

2,127

6,442

3

58

267

257

653

2.5

36

211

229

640

2.4

34

8,772

11,825

21,657

Average yield tons ner acre 18

Do - percent of potential— 44

Nitrogen:

Total use short tons.. 405

2

5

200

.6

6

376

.8

18

160

.2

2

1,682

3

10

2,812

Average use pounds per acrePlanted acreage fertilized with N percent- 8

Predicted percent change in yield with change In N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200 I.

+.4

+.1

0

-.1

-.3

-.6

-1

—.—

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

+0.2

+.09

+.05

+.02

+.009

0

-.01

-.04

-.07

-.1

+0.4

+100 +2

+50 + 1

+25 - +.08

+10 - +.06

0, average use.. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-10 -.02

-25 -.07

-50 -.1

—100, no application -.2

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use short tons.. 810

3

6

600

2

6

7,031

14

18

1,200

2

3

600

1

2

4,038

6

17

1,604

10

403

4

3

12,470

20

34

2,000

16

30

2,437

23

35

33 093

Average use. pounds per acre..

Planted acreage fertilized with PaO» percent.. 14

Predicted percent change in yield with change in P2O6 fertilizer rate

Change hi application rate, percent:

+3

+1

+.7

+.4

+.1

0

-.2

-.6

-1

-2

+2

+.9

+.4

+.2

+.09

-.04

-.09

-.2

-.2

+23

+13

í¡

+3

0

0

-3

-8

-13

+3

+.4

+.1

0

-.2

-.4

-\

+13

+7

+3

+2

+.7

0

-.7

-2

-4

-8

+14

+6

+.8

0

-.8

-2

-3

-6

+9

+4

+2

+1

Y

-.4

-1

-2

-6

¥.8

+.4

+.2

+.08

0

-.09

-.2

-.4

-.8

+6

+5

+2

0

-.4

-1

-2

-4

+7

+4

+2

-.2

-1

-2

-6

+16

+9

+5

+3

+.9

0

-.8

-3

-7

-14

+9

+100 +5

+3

+2

+.7

0

+60

+26

+10

0, average use

-10 -.4

-25 -1

-50- -3

—100, no application -6

Potash:

Total use.- short tons.. 155

.2

2

155

Average use pounds per acre.. .2

Planted acreage fertilized with KjO percent.. . . 2

Change in application rate, percent: Predicted percent change hi yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

--200 .:.

+100

+60

+26

+10

0, average use 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0

-26

-50
FEBTILIZEB USE AND CROP YIELDS 75

TABLE 115.—Pasture and cover crops in the western region: Estimated percentage change in yield resultingfrom increases or decreases

from average application rate of N, P2O6, and K2O, 1950 basis

Acreages, yields, and fertilizer use Wash. Oreg. Idaho Mont. Utah Nev. CaJlf. N. Mex.

Acreages and yields:

Planted acreage—

Harvested acreage.

Total production..

Average yield

Do

1,000 acres.

do...

1,000 tons.

tons per acre.

-percent of potential.

736 1,100 325 200 260 7C 750 85

Nitrogen:

Total use

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with N.

short tons.

.pounds per acre.

percent.

792

2

7

3,780

7

15

175

1

4

45

.4

78

.6 .06

2,980

8

13

527

12

20

Predicted percent change in yield with change in N fertilizer rate

Change in application rate, percent:

+200

-100

"60

"25

+10

0, average use

-10

-25

-50

—100, no application

+6

+4

+3

+1+.(

0

-1

-2

+29 +1 +2 +0.4 +0.06 +6 +10

"16 +1 +.8 +.3 -.03 +3 +4

+8 ".2 +.5 +.1 -.02 +2 +2

+3 --.07 +.3 +.05 --.008 +.8 +1

+1 --.04 +.1 +.02 --.003 +.3 +.4

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-2 -.2 -.07 -.03 -.003 -.4 -.6

-4 -.4 -.1 -.07 -.01 -.8 -1

-8 -1 -.3 -.1 -.02 -2 -3

-14 -2 -.8 -.3 -.04 -3 -6

3,780 325 300 390 50 7,167 374

7 2 3 3 1 19 9

15 4 6 2 2 36 20

Phosphoric oxide:

Total use _

Average use

Planted acreage fertilized with P2O6..

short tons.

.pounds per acre.

percent..-

1,944

5

11

Predicted percent change in yield with change in PaOs fertilizer rate

Change tn application rate, percent:

+200

+100 -

+50 _

+25 _

+10

0, average use _

-10 _

-25

-50-.._

—100, no application

Potash:

Total use ._ short tons

Average use _ pounds per acre.

Planted acreage fertilized with K3O percent.

Change in application rate, percent

+200

+100

+60

+26.

+10

0, average use

-10

-26

-60

—100, no application

+5 +5 +0.3 +2 +3 +0.6 +11 +14

--2 +3 --.3 +1 +2 --3 +6 +8

--1 +2 --.2 +1 +1 --.2 +2 +4

+.7 +1 --.2 +.6 +.6 --.1 +1 +2

+.2 +.3 --.2 +.3 +.2 --.03 +.6 +.6

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-.4 -.3 -.04 -.3 -.2 -.03 -.6 -.6

-.9 -.5 -.07 -.6 -.6 -.1 -2 -2

-.2 -2 -.1 -.8 -1 -.2 -4 -4

-.2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -.3 -9 -11

324 13

.4

2

52

.1

1

.9

11

Predicted percent change in yield with change in K2O fertilizer rate

+0.2

0

0

0

0

0

-.1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-.1

-.1

—.1

o