COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA 

Present: Chief Judge Huff, Judges Petty and McCullough 

Argued by teleconference 

PETER ANTHONY DELUCA 

 MEMORANDUM OPINION*

 BY 

v. Record No. 1158-14-3 CHIEF JUDGE GLEN A. HUFF 

 MAY 19, 2015 

TRACIE ONDICH DELUCA 

 FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF AMHERST COUNTY 

J. Michael Gamble, Judge 

 Julie Hottle Day1

 (Michael A. Ward; Michael A. Ward, P.C., on 

briefs), for appellant. 

 Brian R. Moore (Phillips, Morrison, Johnson & Ferrell, on brief), 

for appellee. 

Peter Anthony Deluca (“husband”) appeals an order of the Amherst County Circuit Court 

(“trial court”) granting Tracie Ondich Deluca (“wife”) $4,373 per month in spousal support and 

finding husband failed to meet previous spousal support obligations in the net amount of 

$121,976. On appeal, husband raises four assignments of error: 

1. The [t]rial [c]ourt erred in ruling that the [h]usband’s 

 obligation(s) [p]ursuant to paragraph 4 of the parties’ 

 Separation and Property Settlement Agreement [(“agreement”)] 

 was a monetary obligation, namely, an [o]bligation to pay a 

 monthly monetary sum certain to [wife], as opposed to an 

 obligation for [h]usband to provide a lifestyle for [w]ife. 

2. Assuming arguendo that the [t]rial [c]ourt did not err when it 

 [r]uled that the [h]usband’s obligation(s) pursuant to paragraph 

 4 of the parties’ [agreement] was a monetary sum certain to 

 [w]ife, as opposed to an obligation to provide a lifestyle for 

 *

 Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 

1

 Julie Hottle Day participated in oral argument; she replaced Michael A. Ward after all 

briefs were submitted. 

UNPUBLISHED 
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 [w]ife, then the [t]rial [c]ourt erred in the amount calculated as 

 the monthly monetary sum certain owed by [h]usband to [w]ife 

 because, in making its calculation, the [t]rial [c]ourt erroneously 

 used as [h]usband’s income for the purpose of calculating his 

 support obligation amounts he earned while on military 

 deployment – when his income was both artificially high and 

 also non-taxable – rather than using [h]usband’s regular (non 

 deployment) military pay. 

3. Assuming arguendo that the [t]rial [c]ourt did not err when it 

 [r]uled that the [h]usband’s obligation(s) pursuant to paragraph 

 4 of the parties’ [agreement] was a monetary obligation, 

 namely, an obligation to pay a monthly monetary sum certain to 

 [w]ife, as opposed to an obligation to provide a lifestyle for 

 [w]ife, then the [t]rial [c]ourt erred by failing to take into 

 account that the language of paragraph 4 of the parties’ 

 [agreement] which states that the support of [w]ife is in 

 consideration of the “the need of [w]ife to educate and nurture 

 the minor child” and that at the time of the trial the parties’ 

 child was emancipated and not a minor. 

4. Assuming arguendo that the [t]rial [c]ourt did not err when it 

 [r]uled that the [h]usband’s obligation(s) pursuant to paragraph 

 4 of the parties’ [agreement] was a monetary obligation, 

 namely, an obligation to pay a monthly monetary sum certain to 

 [w]ife, as opposed to an obligation to provide a lifestyle for 

 [w]ife, then the [t]rial [c]ourt erred in awarding [w]ife support 

 arrears prior to the entry of the Final Decree of Divorce when 

 there was no specific reservation of jurisdiction in the Final 

 Decree of Divorce for the court to make a determination of 

 arrears. 

In an assignment of cross-error, wife asserts that the “trial court erred when it denied [w]ife’s 

request for attorney’s fees in reliance on Rutledge v. Rutledge, 45 Va. App. 56, 608 S.E.2d 504 

(2005) and Code § 20-109.” For the following reasons, this Court affirms the trial court’s 

rulings. 

I. BACKGROUND 

“When reviewing a trial court’s decision on appeal, we view the evidence in the light 

most favorable to the prevailing party, granting it the benefit of any reasonable inferences.” 

Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255, 258, 578 S.E.2d 833, 835 (2003). “That principle 
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requires us to ‘discard the evidence’ of the [husband] which conflicts, either directly or 

inferentially, with the evidence presented by [wife] at trial.” Id. (quoting Wactor v. 

Commonwealth, 38 Va. App. 375, 380, 564 S.E.2d 160, 162 (2002)). So viewed, the evidence is 

as follows. 

Husband and wife were married on October 3, 1992. On January 9, 1995, husband and 

wife had a son (“N.D.”). On January 25, 2008, husband and wife entered into the agreement. 

Ultimately, the agreement was incorporated into but not merged with the final divorce decree. 

Under the agreement, wife received sole legal custody of N.D. Additionally, the agreement 

stated “[h]usband shall support [w]ife in the manner to which she is accustomed and is currently 

being supported, recognizing the need of [w]ife to educate and nurture [N.D.].” Moreover, the 

agreement provided that “[e]ach party shall pay his or her attorney’s fees and the parties shall 

divide equally the costs of any uncontested divorce proceeding filed by either [h]usband or 

[w]ife.” 

On January 3, 2013, husband and wife legally divorced. Upon wife’s motion, on May 29, 

2013, the trial court issued a rule to show cause why husband should not be found in contempt 

for failing to comply with the spousal support obligation in the agreement. On November 19, 

2013, the trial court issued an opinion letter to the parties and determined under Code 

§ 20-109(C) that “because the [agreement] does not set a specific amount of spousal support to 

be paid each month, the court must perform a retrospective analysis to determine whether or not 

[husband] has complied with this portion of the decree.” 

An evidentiary hearing regarding the matter occurred on April 15, 2014. Wife testified 

that for many years the family lived abroad but decided to purchase a farm in Amherst County. 

Moreover, wife indicated that N.D., while no longer a minor, still lives at the farm while 

attending college at Randolph-Macon. Husband testified that purchasing the farm represented a 
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“change in the life-style that the family had.” Specifically, husband stated “[w]e liquidated 

mutual fund holdings and savings in order to pay the down payment. It was definitely a life-style 

change.” Additionally, husband testified that “[i]t was a decision to make a living, a life on a 

permanent place that was our own, not traveling from place to place to place as we had been 

doing in the army to that point in time.” 

Moreover, husband testified that his military pay fluctuated during the period after the 

parties signed the agreement. Specifically, husband indicated that his “military pay fluctuates 

with allowances according to whether [he was] deployed away from the United States in a 

combat zone or a hostile fire zone.” Consequently, while deployed husband’s income “was 

federally tax-free” and he received “hostile fire pay, separation pay, and other allowances that 

added considerably to [his] paycheck.” 

On May 22, 2014, the trial court entered a final order incorporating its opinion letter 

dated April 25, 2014. In its opinion letter, the trial court indicated that the parties lived in many 

different places due to husband’s military assignments but decided to settle in Amherst County 

“in order to provide more stability for wife and N.D.” Furthermore, the trial court determined 

that “at the time the parties entered into the agreement in 2008, they were seeking to ensure that 

[wife] and [N.D.] would continue to live in the manner as to which they were accustomed and 

currently being supported by [husband].” Accordingly, the trial court determined that “the key 

period of time is the year prior to the time that the agreement was signed” and “focused on the 

monetary support received by [wife] in 2007 and the lifestyle she had during that year.” In 

making its ruling, the trial court explained 

Exhibit E sets forth the amounts that were paid to [wife] from 

[husband] during 2007. The average monthly net amount she 

received during the thirteen months beginning December 29, 2006 

and December 31, 2007 is $4,373 per month. Her lifestyle during 

that period of time was the lifestyle of an upper-middle class 
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family in Central Virginia. The type of automobile driven by 

[wife], the type of home she lived, the type of grocery store where 

she shopped, and the general lifestyle of the parties supports this 

finding. 

The average net amount received by [wife] during this thirteen 

month period is the amount leftover after the payment of the 

mortgage, monthly expenses of [husband], and child support. 

Accordingly, I find that the basic level of support that [wife] can 

expect each month is $4,373 per month. During the period from 

February 1, 2008, through May 4, 2010 [husband] paid or 

exceeded this amount. From May 4, 2010 until the present 

[husband] has paid 4,373 or more for only one month. 

Accordingly, I find that [wife] should have been paid a total of 

$214,277 for thirteen months from May 4, 2010 through April 1, 

2014. I find that the actual amount she was paid was $92,301. 

The difference is $121,976. 

Based on its analysis, the trial court ordered husband to pay $4,373 per month in spousal support 

payments and previous spousal support obligations in the net amount of $121,976. Additionally, 

the trial court denied wife’s request for an award of attorney’s fees and reasoned that “[t]he 

[agreement] does not provide for an award of attorney’s fees except under paragraph 17 it 

provides that the parties shall divide equally the cost of any uncontested divorce proceeding.” 

 On May 21, 2014, husband filed a motion to reconsider the trial court’s letter opinion. 

On May 22, 2014, the trial court entered a final order consistent with its April 25, 2014 letter 

opinion and overruled husband’s motion. This appeal followed. 

II. Analysis 

1. Interpretation of the Agreement 

 On appeal, husband contends that the trial court erred by ruling that husband’s obligation 

under paragraph 4 of the agreement was a monetary obligation, namely an obligation to pay a 

monthly monetary sum to wife, as opposed to an obligation for husband to provide a lifestyle for 

wife. Specifically, husband argues that in its February 4, 2014 order, the trial court declined to 

award a specific amount of support for wife under Code § 20-109 and improperly overturned this 
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order in the later proceedings. Additionally, husband asserts that the trial court improperly 

awarded an arbitrary dollar amount on husband’s obligations and should have considered wife’s 

lifestyle during their marriage. 

 Husband first argues that the trial court originally declined to determine a spousal support 

award under Code § 20-109 at the November 15, 2013 hearing and then improperly overruled its 

order. This argument, however, is not supported in the record. Code § 20-109(C) provides, “no 

decree or order directing payment of support and maintenance for the spouse . . . shall be entered 

except in accordance with that stipulation or contract.” After considering this language, the trial 

court stated “because the property settlement agreement dated January 25, 2008 does not set a 

specific amount of spousal support to be paid each month, the court must perform a retrospective 

analysis to determine whether or not [husband] has complied with this portion of the decree.” 

Accordingly, rather than ordering that no specific amount of support was required pursuant to the 

agreement, the trial court deferred such ruling pending a retrospective analysis. 

 Next, husband asserts that the trial court improperly interpreted paragraph 4 of the 

agreement and awarded an arbitrary dollar amount. “Property settlement agreements are 

contracts, and the rules of interpretation for contracts in general apply.” Recker v. Recker, 48 

Va. App. 188, 192, 629 S.E.2d 191, 193 (2006). Thus, “[o]n appeal, the Court reviews a trial 

court’s interpretation of a contract de novo.” Plunkett v. Plunkett, 271 Va. 162, 166, 624 S.E.2d 

39, 42 (2006) (citing Eure v. Norfolk Shipbuilding & Drydock Corp., 263 Va. 624, 631, 561 

S.E.2d 663, 667 (2002)). Paragraph 4 of the agreement provides, “[h]usband shall support [w]ife 

in the manner to which she is accustomed and is currently being supported, recognizing the need 

of [w]ife to educate and nurture [N.D.].” 

When interpreting an agreement that “is unambiguous, its meaning and effect are 

questions of law. Ordinary words are given their ordinary meaning when constructing the 
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contract.” Recker, 48 Va. App. at 192, 629 S.E.2d at 193 (citing Tiffany v. Tiffany, 1 Va. App. 

11, 15, 332 S.E.2d 796, 799 (1985)). Moreover, in Virginia, “‘[i]t is axiomatic that when the 

terms in a contract are clear and unambiguous, the contract is construed according to its plain 

meaning.’” Cabral v. Cabral, 62 Va. App. 600, 609-10, 751 S.E.2d 4, 9 (2013) (quoting TravCo 

Insur. Co. v. Ward, 284 Va. 547, 552, 736 S.E.2d 321, 325 (2012)). Further, “[t]hat meaning . . . 

derives from the text as well as the context of the agreement.” Id. 

Husband argues that the language “in the manner to which she is accustomed and is 

currently being supported” does not specify any monetary amount and contends that wife “was 

being supported by [h]usband in the usual and regular way . . . which she was supported when 

the parties signed their [agreement].” Accordingly, husband argues it was error to fix a dollar 

amount on husband’s obligations under the agreement. 

At trial, however, the trial court concluded that “at the time the parties entered into the 

agreement in 2008, they were seeking to ensure that [wife] and [N.D.] would continue to live in 

the manner as to which they were accustomed and currently being supported by [husband].” At 

the evidentiary hearing, both parties agreed that the couple experienced a change in lifestyle after 

purchasing the Amherst property in 2006. The trial court determined wife received a monthly 

average of $4,373 during the thirteen months immediately preceding execution of the agreement 

and that her lifestyle during that period was that of an upper-middle class family in central 

Virginia. Moreover, the trial court found from May 4, 2010 until the trial, husband paid $4,373 

to wife only once. After considering all of these factors, the trial court ruled that an award of 

$4,373 in spousal support was appropriate based on the plain and ordinary meaning of the 

language of the agreement. 

The agreement provided that “[h]usband shall support [w]ife in the manner to which she 

is accustomed and is currently being supported, recognizing the need of [w]ife to educate and 
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nurture [N.D.].” During the time immediately preceding the execution of the agreement, wife 

received a monthly average of $4,373 from husband. Husband, however, failed to continue 

making the same monthly payments after May 4, 2010. We agree that the agreement is 

unambiguous and the plain and ordinary meaning of the language of the agreement required 

husband to pay a sum certain in monthly spousal support and that the trial court’s determination 

of that amount was supported by the evidence. Accordingly, husband failed to support wife in 

the manner to which she was accustomed at the time parties signed the agreement. Therefore, 

the trial court did not err in awarding a specific dollar amount for spousal support pursuant to 

paragraph 4 of the agreement. 

2. Rule 5A:20(e) 

Husband presents three additional assignments of error on appeal. Specifically, husband 

contends the trial court erred in calculating the amount of income husband owed wife; in failing 

to consider that N.D. was emancipated and not a minor at the time of the trial; and in awarding 

wife support arrears covering a period of time prior to the entry of the final decree of divorce. 

Husband fails to cite any authority or principles of law relating to these assignments of error. 

Rule 5A:20(e) provides, “the opening brief of appellant shall contain: . . . [t]he standard 

of review and the argument (including principles of law and authorities) relating to each 

assignment of error.” Moreover, “Rule 5A:20(e) requires that an appellant’s opening brief 

contain ‘[t]he principles of law, the argument, and the authorities relating to each question 

presented. Unsupported assertions of error ‘do not merit appellate consideration.’” Jones v. 

Commonwealth, 51 Va. App. 730, 734, 600 S.E.2d 343, 345 (2008) (quoting Buchanan v. 

Buchanan, 14 Va. App. 53, 56, 415 S.E.2d 237, 239 (1992)). 

Furthermore, “[i]f the parties believed that the [trial court] erred, it was their duty to 

present that error to us with legal authority to support their contention.” Fadness v. Fadness, 52 
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Va. App. 833, 851, 667 S.E.2d 857, 866 (2008). In the current matter, husband fails to cite any 

authority in his argument regarding his remaining assignments of errors. Accordingly, husband 

“waived [his] right to have these issues reviewed by this Court.” Id. 

3. Attorney’s Fees 

 Lastly, wife asserts that the trial court erred by denying wife’s request for attorney’s fees. 

Specifically, wife argues that the agreement does not address the parties’ rights in enforcement 

proceedings. She argues, therefore, that the trial court erred in finding that the absence of an 

applicable fee provision in the agreement prevented the trial court from awarding fees. “An 

award of attorney’s fees is a matter submitted to the trial court’s sound discretion and is 

reviewable on appeal only for an abuse of discretion.” Graves v. Graves, 4 Va. App. 326, 333, 

357 S.E.2d 554, 558 (1987). The key to determining a “proper award of [attorney’s] fees is 

reasonableness under all the circumstances.” Joynes v. Payne, 36 Va. App. 401, 429, 551 S.E.2d 

10, 29 (2001). 

 The trial court relied on this Court’s opinion in Rutledge v. Rutledge, 45 Va. App. 56, 

608 S.E.2d 504 (2005), and Code § 20-109(C) in denying wife’s request for attorney’s fees. 

Wife argues that Rutledge is distinguishable because that case “involved a modification of 

support” and “[t]he parties’ agreement expressly provided for attorney’s fees in certain 

circumstances that did not include modification proceedings.” Conversely, she reasons that “the 

agreement in this case does not address anything remotely related to future enforcement 

proceedings.” 

 In Rutledge, this Court affirmed the trial court’s refusal to award attorney’s fees in a 

modification of spousal support proceeding when the parties’ property settlement agreement 

expressly allowed an award of attorney’s fees in two specific circumstances, neither of which 

were modification of spousal support proceedings. 25 Va. App. at 65, 608 S.E.2d at 508. 
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Similarly, in the current matter, the agreement indicates that “[e]ach party shall pay his or her 

attorney’s fees and the parties shall divide equally the costs of any uncontested divorce 

proceedings filed by either [h]usband or [w]ife.” Consequently, the agreement in the current 

case contemplates an award of fees in certain limited circumstances, but does not provide for an 

award of attorney’s fees in an enforcement proceeding. 

 Code 20-109(C) provides that in cases where the parties have executed a property 

settlement agreement prior to the entry of a final decree of divorce, “no decree or order directing 

the payment of . . . counsel fee[s] . . . shall be entered except in accordance with that stipulation 

or contract.” Moreover, 

[i]n order to find in this agreement a requirement for attorney’s 

fees in other unspecified instances, we “would have to insert words 

into the writing contrary to the elementary rule that the function of 

the court is to construe the contract made by the parties, not to 

make a contract for them.” 

Rutledge, 45 Va. App. at 65, 608 S.E.2d at 508 (quoting Cave Hill Corp. v. Hiers, 264 Va. 640, 

646, 570 S.E.2d 790, 793 (2002)). Consequently, awarding wife attorney’s fees in the instant 

enforcement proceeding would violate Code § 20-109(C) and contradict this Court’s decision in 

Rutledge. Accordingly, this Court finds that the trial court did not err in denying wife’s request 

for attorney’s fees. 

III. CONCLUSION 

Based on the foregoing, this Court finds that the trial court did not err by ruling that 

husband’s support obligation under paragraph 4 of the agreement included an obligation to pay a 

monthly monetary sum to wife. Additionally, husband’s second, third, and, fourth assignments 

of error are procedurally barred under Rule 5A:20(e). Lastly, this Court holds that the trial court 
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did not err in denying wife’s request for attorney’s fees, and this Court similarly declines to 

award fees and costs. Accordingly, this Court affirms the trial court’s rulings. 

 Affirmed.