¡963
CHECK LIST

OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED

TREES

OF THE UNITED STATES

(INCLUDING ALASKA)

by

ELBERT L. LITTLE, JR., Forester (dendrology)

Prepared under the direction of

The Forest Service Tree and Range Plant

Name Committee

Agriculture Handbook rNo, 4^'"'"" "^

i

(Supersedes Miscellaneous Circular 92, Check

of the United States, Their Names and Ranges)

Forest Service

Washington, D. C 1953

For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents U. S. Government

Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C, Price $2.00
UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE

TREE AND RANGE PLANT NAME COMMITTEE

WILLIAM A. DAYTOI^, Chairman

Chief, Division of Dendrology and Range Forage Investigations

RAYMOND D. CARVER

Director, Forest Survey, Division of Forest Economics

BERT R. LEXEN

Assistant Chief, Division of Forest Management Research

ELBERT L. LITTLE, JR.

Forester (dendrology), Division of Dendrology and Range Forage

Investigations

LAWRENCE W. SMITH

Technologist (wood). Division of Forest Products
CONTENTS

Page

Introduction ^

Plan of the check list 2

Symbols ^

Trees, native, naturalized, and cultivated • 4

Previous lists of forest trees of the United States 5

History of Forest Service tree nomenclature 6

How this check list was prepared 7

Scientific names 10

Common names, or English plant nomenclature 14

Citations 1'7

Ranges 17

Statistical summary 19

Acknowledgments • • 22

Request for additional information 23

Literature cited 24

Check list of native and naturalized trees of the United States

(including Alaska) 27

Commercial names for lumber 440

Botanical index of plant families and genera 444

Alphabetical list of plant families. 444

Botanical index 445

Index of common names 451
INTRODUCTION

This check list aims to compile the accepted scientific names

and current synonyms, approved conmion names and others in

use, and ranges of the native and naturalized trees of the United

States of America (including Alaska). It is primarily a reference for foresters, botanists, students, and all others interested

in trees. One of its important objects is to encourage uniform

usage of names for trees. The third in a series, this is the

official standard for tree names in the Forest Service.

There are four outstanding reasons for issuing a new check

list. First, the former standard for tree names in the Forest

Service, Check List of Forest Trees of the United States by

George B. Sudworth {MY issued in 1927, is out-of-print, antiquated, and moreover, chiefly under the obsolete "American

Code" of nomenclature. Second, some changes in scientific names

have been required to conform to the International Code of

Botanical Nomenclature (I^a), formerly the International Rules

of Botanical Nomenclature (1, i, 30) which incorporated certain

desirable features of the "American Code" when the two were

consolidated in 1930. These rules were officially adopted by the

United States Department of Agriculture on April 30, 1940, and

were revised slightly in 1950. Third, the common names have

been revised by the Forest Service Tree and Range Plant Name

Committee. Finally, much additional information about the trees

of the United States, their taxonomy or dendrology, has become

available through numerous investigations and researches by

botanists and foresters during this 25-year interval.

Critical field, herbarium, and experimental studies have resulted

in taxonomic revisions of various genera of trees and better

understanding of the different kinds of trees and their relationships. Botanical exploration of the country including even the

most remote regions has been advanced greatly by numerous

plant collectors and field workers, aided by improved automobile

transportation. A few new species of local range and additional

varieties and natural hybrids have been named among the native

trees. Likewise, many former varieties and some species have

been found upon further study not to be distinct and have been

reduced to synonymy. Range extensions northward of Mexican

and tropical species along the southern boundary have been

recorded, and with the passing of time more introduced trees

have escaped from cultivation and have become naturalized.

Tree individuals have been found among si)ecies previously

known only as shrubs.

Many good State and local floras and publications on trees

have contributed much valuable information on distribution, so

that the ranges of individual tree species are now known more

accurately and in much greater detail. However, as much of the

1 Italic numbers in parentheses refer to Literature Cited, p. 24.
2 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

newer information is scattered in technical publications and not

readily available to many, the need for compilation of a new

check list is obvious.

PLAN OF THE CHECK LIST

The area covered is North America north of Mexico, the

same as in Sargent's Silva of North America (Si) and his

Manual (35, 36, 37). Alaska has been included merely by the

addition of 2 species (Salix) and a few varieties and hybrids.

The trees of Alaska are described and illustrated in another

Forest Service publication by Taylor and Little (^2). To include

the great area of Canada required only a few more additions

(chiefly in Crataegus and Salix). The native trees of Canada

have been described, illustrated, and mapped in an excellent

publication by the Canada Dominion Forest Service (5),

Briefly, this check list contains native and naturalized trees,

the same as forest trees of previous check lists, and omits other

woody plants, the shrubs and vines. Genera, species, important

varieties, and named hybrids of native trees are included, but

minor and weak varieties, shrubby varieties, varieties distinguished in cultivation, forms, and hybrids without binomial names

are excluded. Naturalized tree species, or introduced species

thoroughly established as though wild, have been accepted, but

their varieties and forms have not been distinguished. Cultivated

trees and introduced species escaping from cultivation or persisting and spreading slightly after planting have been omitted.

The trees of the United States (genera, species, varieties,

and hybrids) are listed in a single alphabetical order under

accepted scientific names, instead of by families as in manuals

and floras. The accepted scientific name and the approved

common name are in boldface type. Capitals and small capitals

designate naturalized trees. Each generic name is followed by

family name in parentheses.

Immediately following the scientific name is the synonymy in

chronological order; that is, the accepted scientific name and

other scientific names, or synonyms, and the abbreviated citations. Transfers of the present name, such as a specific name

originally in another genus or a species first distinguished as

a variety, are included as necessary to show conformity of the

name to priority and other rules of nomenclature. Synonyms

in current use are cited and all accepted names of the 1927 Check

List have been accounted for. The check list also cites new

names of species, varieties, and hybrids of native trees of the

United States published after 1920 to the end of 1951. It is

the only publication aside from the Gray Herbarium Card-Index

where these citations of trees have been assembled. Generic

synonyms still in use are cross indexed, as are synonymous

specific names in genera of four or more species. However,

older generic names not currently used and synonymous varietal

names have not been cross indexed.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 3

Brief explanatory notes on nomenclature, particularly of

recently changed scientific names or of confused or misapplied

names, have been inserted as in the 1927 Check List. Derivations

of scientific names are included; where possible these are given

from original publication sources, though many names were

unexplained there. Notes on added species, such as shrubby

species known to reach tree size, or cultivated species recorded

as naturalized, have been included, in many cases with citation

of authority for the records.

Common names other than the accepted ones are English

names also in use, often in certain regions rather than general,

or names adopted in botanical manuals and tree publications.

A common name in Standardized Plant Names (li), if different

from the approved name, is listed first and designated by

"(SPN)." Any Spanish common names of trees from the

Mexican border region are mentioned last.

Range is given in outline form by States along the corners

and irregular limits of distribution, generally from northeast

to northwest, southwest, and southeast. However, distribution

of species in some regions, such as the southeastern and southwestern, is more clearly cited in other directions.

Selected references have been added. Under genera the latest

generic monographs, important taxonomic contributions, articles

on nomenclature, and special publications, such as keys, are

cited. References under species include notes on nomenclature,

varieties, and range extensions and distribution records of rare

or local species.

Hybrids with binomial names are listed in the regular alphabetical order with mention also under both parent species.

Following the alphabetical check list is the list of Commercial

Names for Lumber (p. 440). The latter, like a similar one in

the 1927 Check List, shows the commercial names for lumber

and the common names and scientific names for the corresponding trees as accepted here.

The Botanical Index of Plant Families and Genera (p. 444)

correlates the alphabetical order with the natural arrangement

of families and genera according to Dalla Torre and Harms and

numbers used in that reference. Like a table of contents it has

page numbers of all accepted genera. An Alphabetical List of

Plant Families has been inserted to aid in finding families in

the Botanical Index of Plant Families.

Last is the Index of Common Names (p. 451), which includes

approved common names, other common names, and common

names of other trees mentioned in notes.

SYMBOLS

ASTERISK.—^The asterisk (*) is used as in the 1927 Check List

to designate important forest trees, the tree species commercially

useful for lumber or other products or in a few cases noteworthy

in forestry for other values.
4 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DAGGER.—The dagger (f) indicates a name accepted in the

1927 Check List. For scientific names the daggers are placed

in the synonymy, where the accepted name also appears. Daggers

by two or more names in the synonymy mean that those names

were accepted as distinct in the 1927 Check List but now have

been united. Absence of this symbol before all scientific names

is evidence that this genus, species, variety, or hybrid was not

accepted in the 1927 Check List and is an addition or was merely

mentioned there in a note. A dagger in front of an approved

common name confirms that no change has been made in the

common name adopted in the 1927 Check List, while the same

symbol before one of the other common names shows which

name was used there. Thus, this symbol correlates the nomenclature of this check list with the 1927 Check List.

STANDARDIZED PLANT NAMES.—(SPN), the abbreviation of

Standardized Plant Names {lU), is placed after a common name

found in that reference which difl'ers from the one approved by

the Forest Service.

TIMES SIGN.—^The times sign (X) designates a hybrid. In a

hybrid with a binomial name the times sign now precedes the

second word, or specific epithet, following a change in the rules

of nomenclature in 1950, though formerly and in the 1927 Check

List the symbol was placed before the generic name. When

the two parent species of a cross are listed, the times sign is

inserted between the two names.

TREES, NATIVE, NATURALIZED, AND CULTIVATED

There is no uniform definition of a tree, and the distinction

between the woody plants known as trees and those called shrubs

is a gradual one. Obviously, the number of tree species in a region

or publication depends somewhat upon the definition used. Some

references omit the species which are generally shrubby. In

1876 Vasey {JÍ8) placed a size limit in his title: A catalogue

of the forest trees of the United States which usually attain a

height of 16 feet or more.

Sargent (^4, 1: viii. 1891) in his Silva of North America

separated trees and shrubs on basis of habit and "considered as

trees all woody plants which grow up from the ground with

a single stem, excluding all such as habitually branch at the

ground into a number of stems, whatever size or height they

may attain."

Sudworth's Check List {AS, p, 7) of 1898 had a similar interpretation, ''the designation of *tree' being applied to all woody

plants which produce naturally in their native habitat one main,

erect stem bearing a definite crown, no matter what size they

attain.*' In the 1927 Check List (-4^, p. iO), he had the following

statement: "The general rule applied by the author in defining

a tree includes woody plants having one well-defined stem and

a more or less definitely formed crown, and attaining a height

of at least 8 feet and a diameter of not less than 2 inches/'
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 5

He noted that most trees had a single trunk but some, such as

willows produced several trunks from the same root but were

classed as trees on account of their large size.

It has seemed desirable to raise the minimum limits slightly,

as some foresters adopt a minimum height of 20 feet and as

increasing numbers of shrubby species are found to meet occasionally the definition of the 1927 Check List. Trees are defined

here as woody plants having one erect perennial stem or trunk

at least 3 inches in diameter at breast height (4i/^ feet), a more or

less definitely formed crown of foliage, and a height of at least 12

feet. However, large willows with several trunks from the

same root and species generally shrubby but rarely or in certain

localities becoming small trees have been included.

Naturalized trees have been included, as in previous check lists

and most regional and State tree publications. Sargent's Manual,

however, contains only native trees. Naturalized species are

increasing in number and those not found in the 1927 Check

List have been added mainly from regional manuals and ñoras.

Smairs Manual of the Southeastern Flora Ul) has recorded

several additions, particularly of tropical and subtropical tree

species naturalized in southern Florida. Fernald's Manual (10)

has contributed others from the northeastern States.

Cultivated trees not also native or naturalized have been

omitted. Most of these are ornamentals or fruit trees, rather

than forest trees, and their many improved varieties are treated

in horticultural publications. Horticultural varieties of native

tree species distinguished in cultivation were included in Sudworth's two check lists but have been omitted here.

PREVIOUS LISTS OF FOREST TREES OF THE

UNITED STATES

The number of publications attempting to list or describe the

forest trees of the entire United States is not large. The earlier

ones, which had smaller boundaries or vaguely covered North

America, were reviewed by Sargent (Si, 1: v-ix. 1891). Noteworthy are the following: Marshall's Arbustrum Americanum

(18) in 1785, Wangenheim's illustrated German work on North

American woody species (iO) in 1787, F. A. Michaux's North

American Sylva (21, 22) in 1810-13, a 3-volume work with

colored plates limited to the eastern part, Browne's compiled

Sylva Americana (^) in 1832, and NuttalFs 3-volume, illustrated

North American Sylva (2Jf) of 1842-49, prepared as a supplement to Michaux's and reprinted with it in 1857 as a 5-volume

North American Sylva (28).

Several lists of the trees of the country have been issued by

agencies of the United States Government at various times up to

the present one. About 1850 the Smithsonian Institution began

an extensive work with text by Asa Gray and colored plates by

Isaac Sprague. The project was abandoned, but the 22 plates

prepared were published later (11). Early Government lists of
6 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

trees of the United States were by J. G. Cooper (6) in 1859,

George Vasey (W in 1876, and Charles Sprague Sargent {32,

S3) in 1880 and 1883. The last, a detailed catalog of the forest

trees of the United States prepared for the tenth census of

1880, included the work of several field agents in different regions

and was an important work preliminary to its author's Silva of

North America. Among the later lists may be mentioned Van

Dersal's publication in 1938 on the native woody plants and

their values in erosion control and for wildlife {U7).

Most elaborate of the works on the forest trees of the United

States was Charles Sprague Sargent's Silva of North America

{3JÍ, 14 volumes, 1891-1902), which described and illustrated

585 native tree species. Condensed from this silva was his

Manual of the Trees of North America (Exclusive of Mexico)

{35) in 1905, which had smaller drawings and some additional

species, mostly of Crataegus. The second edition of Sargent's

Manual {36), which appeared in 1922 and which was reprinted

with corrections in 1926 {37) and afterwards without further

revision, remains the latest and most detailed descriptive and

illustrated manual of the native trees of the entire United States.

Another one-volume, illustrated work covering the whole

country was Britton and Shafer's North American Trees {2).

The native trees also in cultivation, except in the warmer regions,

have been included in Rehder's {27, 28) Manual of Cultivated

Trees and Shrubs in 1927, revised in 1940, and in his Bibliography

of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs {29) in 1949. Publications on

tree identification, national, regional, State, and local, issued since

1900 have been listed in the bibliography by Dayton, United States

Tree Books (P).

HISTORY OF FOREST SERVICE TREE NOMENCLATURE

The Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture,

and its predecessor before 1905, the Division of Forestry, has

for many years exercised leadership in the nomenclature of the

trees of the United States. One of the earliest objectives of the

Bureau of Forestry was to arrive at uniform, stable scientific

names and vernacular names of trees.

George B. Sudworth, who was dendrologist from 1886 until

his death in 1927, issued in 1897 his Nomenclature of the

Arborescent Flora of the United States {JÍ2). That reference

contained the accepted scientific and common names as well as

other common names in use and was especially important for its

synonymy, a compilation of the scientific names applied to each

species or variety and their citations. The next year it was

followed by Sudworth's Check List of Forest Trees of the United

States, Their Names and Ranges {U3), a shorter, similar bulletin

containing the same scientific and common names with very few

changes, omitting the synonymy while adding ranges. In 1927

Sudworth {U) published a revision or second check list with

the same title as the first.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 7

Dendrological activities of the Forest Service lapsed between

May 1927, when Sudworth died, and February 1942, when the

Section of Range Forage Investigations of the Division of Range

Research was reorganized as the Division of Dendrology and

Range Forage Investigations, with William A. Dayton as chief

and Elbert L, Little, Jr., as forester (dendrology).

In 1923 the first edition of Standardized Plant Names (25)

appeared, prepared by a committee which included Frederick V.

Coville, of the United States Department of Agriculture. That

reference on names of trees and other plants was approved in

1928 by the Government Printing Office, by the Department of

Agriculture, and by the Forest Service with ten exceptions.

William A. Dayton, of the Forest Service, in 1939 was appointed

representative of the Department of Agriculture on the editorial

committee which prepared the second edition of Standardized

Plant Names (H), issued in 1942.

The Forest Service Tree and Range Plant Name Committee

worked to reduce the discrepancies between Sudworth's 1927

Check List and Standardized Plant Names to a minimum before

the second edition of the latter was published. As a result, three

extensive mimeographed lists were issued by the committee:

(1) Memorandum of Proposed Changes in Sudworth's Check

List (S8) dated May 20, 1939, containing in its foreword a statement of the more important considerations involved in a satisfactory code of English plant nomenclature; (2) Summary of

Comment on Tree Name Committee Memorandum of May 20,

1939, (S9) dated September 23, 1939, containing criticism and

comment; and (3) Approved Changes in Sudworth's Check List,

(jíO)y Jan. 23, 1940, with a little over 700 changes, mostly of

common names.

Earlier, the following changes in the 1927 Check List had been

approved: 36 changes for certain small trees on Sept. 26, 1930;

adoption of the common name ponderosa pine on Jan. 5, 1932;

and five others on March 30, 1936.

HOW THIS CHECK LIST WAS PREPARED

This check list has been prepared under the supervision of the

Forest Service Tree and Range Plant Name Committee, which

has selected the approved common names. Homer L. Shantz

was chairman from 1937 until his retirement in 1944, and

William A. Dayton has been chairman since that date. MemJDership of the committee, which has changed from time to time,

has included representatives from different Forest Service

divisions. " ^^.^

Compilation of this check list was started in December 1940

and continued during parts of the next 3 years. A preliminary,

mimeographed edition. Check List of the Native and Naturalized

Trees of the United States Including Alaska U6), was issued in

April 1944. That edition was limited in number of copies by

wartime paper restrictions and was intended primarily for official
8 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

use and circulation to foresters and botanists for review and

corrections. The work was interrupted during the war and was

not resumed until 1946, when additional copies were distributed

for review. Since that time the revision has been brought to

its present form.

This check list is largely a compilation of published researches

on the nomenclature and ranges of the trees of the United States

and was prepared mostly in the library, and only in small part

in the field and herbarium. Thus, it is not a monograph of the

trees of the United States, though a few groups have been'studied

critically. During the course of this work a limited amount of

field work was done in Florida and other southeastern States

and in the Southwest. Some specimens have been examined,

chiefly at the herbarium of the United States National Museum

and the Forest Service Herbarium, both in Washington, D. C.

Preparation of other publications during the work, including

Important Forest Trees of the United States (17) with distribution maps of 165 species, revision of Pocket Guide to Alaska

Trees U5), and Southwestern Trees (18), has contributed helpful information for the check list.

A major task of this revision involved the checking of scientific

names to determine their status under the present, changed rules

of nomenclature and included examination of the original publication of each name and search for possible earlier synonyms and

Ixomonyms. Two previous detailed compilations of the nomenclature and synonymy of the trees of the United States have

been made, one by Sudworth (^2) and the other by Sargent

(3i), both more than 50 years ago. They are still very useful

and were consulted to verify place of publication of scientific

names.

The citations of specific names in the 1927 Check List were

first checked in Index Kewensis (IS), the classical work listing

citations of species of seed plants from 1753 to 1885, and citations

of new species of trees of the United States in the ten supplements

covering the years 1886 to 1940 were copied on cards for further

checking. Rehder's Bibliography of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs

(29), which appeared after most of the checking was finished,

has been consulted also.

Similarly, citations of new names of species, varieties, and

hybrids of United States trees were copied from the Gray

Herbarium Card-Index (31), a card catalog of the newly

described and renamed plants of the New World. That index

originated in the Library of the United States Department of

Agriculture, where it was prepared from 1894 to 1903, but since

that time has been published quarterly by the Gray Herbarium

of Harvard University. Covering the period from 1886 to the

present, as well as older varieties, it has been an invaluable aid,

especially for locating names below the rank of species.

The botanical catalog of the Library of the United States

Department of Agriculture, a unique card catalog of articles in

serials as well as books, has been an important bibliographic
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 9

aid, especially in listing monographs and other important taxonomic contributions on the genera and for information on citations, editions, and dates of publication of botanical works.

The accepted names were further checked against homonyms

of fossils in the card catalog of fossil plants of the United States

Geological Survey located in the Division of Paleobotany, United

States National Museum, Washington, D. C, as reported elsewhere (15).

Particular attention was given to compiling and including all

new names published after Sudworth's 1927 Check List and the

second edition of Sargent's Manual in 1922 (corrected in 1926),

that is, from Jan. 1, 1921, to the end of 1951. Those references,

though without citations and with very few synonyms, together

with regional and State floras and monographs, accounted for

new names appearing after the two earlier compilations of

nomenclature by the same authors. Important earlier synonyms

and other names in use have also been verified, and a few names

of 1952 have been inserted.

The bibliographic work was done almost entirely at the Library

of the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington,

D. G., which includes the former separate library of the Forest

Service. This excellent library, the best general collection on

plant sciences in the United States, is one of the very few

libraries of the country where a detailed check of the nomenclature of the trees of the United States could have been made.

Because of its broader coverage of general scientific publications,

it probably contains more of the volumes cited in this check list

than do the few excellent specialized libraries at botanical institutions in this country.

The Library of Gongress, also at Washington, D. G., has been

consulted particularly for certain old scientific serials and rare

books. A few rare books have been examined at other libraries

in this city and at libraries of the New York Botanical Garden,

Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, and Gray Herbarium

of Harvard University.

With a very few exceptions, most of which were not found in

United States libraries, it has been possible to verify personally

in the original publications the citations of all the accepted scientific names and synonyms of this check list, although a very few

had to be consulted in photographic reproductions.

The more important nomenclatural changes made during this

study and needed for this check list have been explained in a

series of journal articles and notes on nomenclature, which have

been cited as references under the respective genera and species.

Among these were articles on Carya, Fraxinus, Pinaceae, and

Pseudotsuga, and miscellaneous notes.

No new names or new combinations are published in this

check list. In nearly all cases where changes were necessary,

other published names were available. About 25 new combinations and new names have been published along with this work,
10 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

and one new species, one new variety, and one new hybrid have

been discovered.

SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Botanical nomenclature, or the science of naming plants, aims

to establish uniform and stable scientific names for the different

kinds of plants of the world. Nomenclature is a foundation

tool of plant sciences. It is not an end in itself but a means

towards progress in all other fields of knowledge about plants,

including cultivation of plants and commerce of plant products.

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE.—The binomial system of nomenclature now in use throughout the world dates from Carolus

Linnaeus's Species Plantarum, published in 1753. Scientific

names are in Latin, a dead, international language, and usually

are taken from Latin or Greek but may be formed in an arbitrary manner. They are free from the limitations of common

names, which change in different languages and areas and which

may be applied to different kinds of plants in other localities

or by other persons. Moreover, many kinds* of wild plants have

been given no individual common names to distinguish them

from all other kinds.

The scientific name of a species, or kind of plant, consists of

two words, the name of the genus (generic name) and the name

of the species (specific epithet). In some technical publications

the author (erroneously called authority), the botanist who

named the plant, is added usually in abbreviated form. For

example, all kinds of pines belong to the genus Finns, Ponderosa

pine is Pinus ponderosa or with the author Lawson added, Pinus

ponderosa Laws.

If a variety of a species is distinguished, the varietal name

preceded by the abbreviation var. (variety or Latin, varietas)

is added as a third word. Thus, the variety Arizona pine is

Piniis ponderosa var. arizonica (Engelm.) Shaw. The two

authors, known as double citation of authors, mean that Engelmann first named the pine arizonica but in a different combination, as a species Pinus arizonica Engelm., and that Shaw reduced

it to the variety as cited.

INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE.—Scientific

names of plants are based upon the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Ha), formerly International Rules of

Botanical Nomenclature (1, hy SO), a detailed set of rules adopted

by systematic botanists meeting together in international

congresses. These rules were last revised at the Seventh International Botanical Congress at Stockholm in 1950 and as the

democratic decisions of majorities are accepted around the world.

It is outside the scope of this check list to summarize the

history of botanical nomenclature, a subject reviewed elsewhere

by Weatherby (51), Formerly there were two rival codes of

nomenclature. The Forest Service and Sudworth's Check Lists

of 1898 and 1927 followed the so-called "American Code" which

appeared under different names. Sudworth (39, pp. Sil-34^9)
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 11

published early editions of both codes. In 1930 the best features

of the ''American Code" were incorporated into the International

Rules, and the former ceased to exist. One of these rules from

the "American Code" was the type method. That is, the name

of a species (or variety) is based not merely upon a published

description but upon a preserved specimen, the type.

One of the main differences between the two codes is the

acceptance under International Code of nomina conservanda,

generic names which either are not the oldest or which are later

homonyms (that is, used before for different plants) but which

are well established in usage. The only large genus of native

trees affected is hickory, Hicoria Raf., which has become Carya

Nutt. under the International Code. The other generic names

affected are listed under the statistical summary.

TYPICAL VARIETIES.—An important change made in 1950 and

adopted in this check list is the logical rule that a species is

considered as the sum of its varieties. Whenever, a first variety

in a species is named, another variety, the typical variety, is

automatically created to contain the type and bears the specific

epithet repeated without author or citation. For example, the

typical variety of ponderosa pine, or ponderosa pine (typical),

is Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa. However, in forestry practice where there is no risk of confusion it will be simpler to

retain present usage instead of typical varieties.

CONSERVATIVE NOMENCLATURE.—The scientific nomenclature of

this check list follows conservative modern usage, with emphasis

on names useful to foresters and other field workers, rather

than on names based upon minute differences distinguished only

by specialists in plant taxonomy.

FAMILIES.—As the genera are arranged alphabetically, grouping of genera into families under controversial systems is avoided.

However, the conservative classification of Dalla Torre and Harms

(7) has been followed in the Botanical Index of Plant Families

and Genera (p. 444). For example, the familiar families Pinaceae

and Leguminosae, which some authors have divided, have been

preserved«

GENERA.—Similarly, an attempt has been made to retain the

familiar, large conservative genera which have advantages of

stability and convenience over the smaller ones formed by

segregation. If the practice of splitting genera continues, the

genus will come to have a much narrower meaning. Several

generic names have been changed to conform to the rules and

usage, as listed under the statistical summary.

SPECIES AND VARIETIES.—^A conservative course has been followed in the recognition of species and varieties, especially those

recently proposed and minor variations. The statistical summary reveals that the total number of species, varieties, and

hybrids almost doubled from the 1898 Check List to the 1927

Check List. Part of the increase was in the genus Crataegus,

but nearly three times as many varieties were accepted in 1927

as in 1898. In the interpretation of species and varieties the
12 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

1927 Check List largely followed Sargent's Manual (86) of 1922

though with some additions. However, Sargent described fully

and illustrated only a few important varieties, mentioning many

others briefly in the text, while Sudworth listed all varieties alike.

It seems reasonable that nearly all the important variations of

native trees of the United States have already been discovered

and named, although systematic botanists may continue to name

slighter and slighter variations of native trees.

Since this check list is intended primarily for foresters for

whom a conservative nomenclature is desirable, it seems wise

to remand to synonymy numerous twentieth century specific and

varietal names of trees based on fine distinctions of pubescence,

leaf shape and size, etc., and which, at best, represent hardly

more than racial or ecological conditions. Therefore, only the

more important varieties have been accepted here. Each recog«

nizable variation does not require a separate scientific name.

Minor variations, including all forms and variations regarded

both as forms and varieties, have been placed in synonymy.

Many of these are not separated geographically from the typical

elements, and a few tested experimentally were not constant.

However, these names are still available for use if needed.

Some of the older synonymy, including part of that compiled

by Sargent and Sudworth more than half a century ago, has

not been reviewed critically in recent years following important

changes in the rules of nomenclature. Under the type method

the scientific name of a species or variety is associated with a

type specimen, even though the specimen may not agree closely

with the original description. Further, any later combinations

or transfers of the specific or varietal epithet must be associated

with the original type and are nomenclaturally synonymous, even

if the later authors applied the epithet to wholly different plants.

Type specimens of the older names of United States trees are

largely in European herbaria, if still preserved, and many have

been examined and photographed by contemporaneous workers.

Additional study of these types may result in slight revisions of

the synonymy and in a few changes of names. In this check

list the synonymy of more recent names of minor variations has

been partly compiled from other publications and in part based

on descriptions and study of herbarium specimens.

Variations below the rank of species are called varieties in

this check list. Some modern workers have substituted the

category subspecies for geographical variations commonly designated as varieties. However, introduction of this new category

apparently has caused additional confusion in nomenclature.

Besides, that usage is contrary to the International Code, under

which a subspecies would be a group of varieties and used in

genera with many varieties. Rehder (26) has reviewed the

history of varieties; present usage of varieties and subspecies

has been summarized by Weatherby (50).

HYBRIDS.—^Natural tree hybrids having binomial names have

been included, as in the 1927 Check List, being listed alpha-
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 13

betically with species and again under both parent species. Most

of these are in the genus Quercus, and a few are in Carya. As

explained under symbols, the times sign (x) denotes a hybrid.

This sign now precedes the second word, or specific epithet of a

binomial, following a change in the rules in 1950, though formerly

placed before the generic name. One binomial is sufficient to

cover all intermediate individuals between two parent species

and their varieties except individuals closer to one parent.

Varietal names of hybrids are unnecessary.

Hybrids without binomial names have not been mentioned.

Artificial hybrids and those appearing rarely among cultivated

trees are outside the scope of this check list. Additional, rare

hybrids amiong the native species may be expected and doubtless

will be discovered and named in time.

Use of binomials for hybrids is not to be encouraged except

in special studies, such as tree breeding investigations. It is

much simpler and clearer to designate supposed hybrids merely

by the names of the two parent species joined by the times sign.

Sometimes binomials are shifted from one cross to another after

progeny tests from the type tree reveal one of the parents was

incorrectly named in the beginning.

SPELLING OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES.—The original spelling of scientific names must be retained under the International Code, except

in case of typographical errors or clearly unintentional orthographic errors. It is simpler and clearer to follow the original

spelling than to attempt to correct it, as different persons may

not agree upon the changes. Where the spelling has been

changed, the original spelling has been quoted under the citation.

In several names the later spelling established in use has been

replaced by the original spelling. Examples are Albizia, the

original spelling, instead of Albizzia, and Ziziphus rather than

Zizyphns. Original spelling of geographic names must be retained also, even though the name of the place may have changed

and the spellings lack uniformity. For example, the forms

'^pennsylvanicus'' and ''pensylvanicus'' both were used, and the

original spelling is maintained, as in Fraxinus pennsylvanica and

Prunus pensylvanica.

Specific and varietal names taken from persons usually have

the Latin masculine genitive ending "-i'^ or '^-ii" or the feminine

equivalent "-ae" or ''4ae." A recommendation adopted in 1950

permits uniform correction of the original spelling to the longer

ending except that the shorter suffix is used after a vowel or

after "-er."

CAPITALIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES.—Family names and

generic names are always capitalized, but specific and varietal

names are not capitalized in this check list. A recommendation that specific and varietal names begin with small letters

was adopted in 1950. Decapitalization is also required in publications of the United States Government and was practiced in

previous check lists.

LATIN TERMS.—^A few citations are followed by Latin terms in
14 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

italics which explain the status of the scientific names under the

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Nomen nudum,

meaning bare name, is one published without description and thus

not validly published at the reference cited. (Except in special

cases, nomina nuda have been omitted from this check list.) An

illegitimate name, nomen illegitimum, is one contrary to a rule

and which must be rejected. Nomen provisorium, a name proposed provisionally in anticipation of later acceptance of the group

or rank, is not validly published.

As previously mentioned, nomen conservandum, or a conserved

name, is a generic name in general use which has been approved

officially as an exception to the rules, such as one not the oldest or

one used before for a different genus (later homonym). A generic

name proposed for conservation and retained pending official

action is designated nomen conservandum propositum. A generic

name rejected because another is conserved is called nomen

rejiciendum.

COMMON NAMES, OR ENGLISH PLANT NOMENCLATURE '

The importance of uniform common names of trees was early

recognized by the Forest Service, as shown in its check lists

and other publications. Sargent, however, in his valuable works

did not attempt to adopt distinctive English names for the

different kinds of trees. An early landmark in formulating

sound principles for the standardization of English tree names

was set up by B. F. Fernow, chief of the Division of Forestry, in

his introductions to Sudworth's bulletins {í2, I^S) of 1897 and

1898 previously cited.

The more important considerations involved in a satisfactory

code of English plant nomenclature have been discussed also

in the prefaces to the 1923 and 1925 editions of Standardized

Plant Names (25, H), in the section on Forest Service policy in

selecting standard names for trees and woods in Sudworth's

1927 Check List {Hy P- 237) y and in Dayton's Standardizing

Range Plant Names for the Forest Service (8).

Sudworth (U, pp. 3-7, 237-239) in 1927 published also the

"Forest Service policy in selecting standard names for trees and

woods,'' listing seven principles. However, the 1927 Check List

was inconsistent in adopting such homonymous and misleading

names as "buckthorn" for species of Bumelia, "myrtle" for

Ceanothus, "privet" for Forestiera, and the much overworked

vernacular name "ironwood" for trees of six different native

genera.

Adoption of standardized English plant names increases clarity

and reduces confusion, conduces to uniformity of usage, and, if

the names are carefully and properly selected, contributes to best

usage. Some of the more important considerations in a suitable

philosophy or "code" of English plant nomenclature are :

* This material has been adapted from the Tree and Range Plant Name

Committee's introduction to the 1944 mimeographed Check List (4-6y PP» 3-5),
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 15

1. The avoidance of a provincial outlook. For example,

names like "gum" and "ironwood'' may be well understood in

a dozen different localities and yet each of these two names

might apply to a dozen species in those localities. For this

reason also, unless such terms are sanctioned by long usage,

less ambiguous terms should be substituted for indefinite geographical terms such as "northern" and "southern." One

should bear in mind the wide interest in plant names, covering

practically all the world and numerous lines of work.

2. Adoption of the best-established usage, wherever possible

and wherever such usage is not definitely in conflict with other

essential considerations.

3. Avoidance of the use of homonyms, that is, the same

name should not be used for more than one kind of plant or

plant group. For example, only one genus should be called

oak, and only one species of oak should be called willow oak.

4. Where, under well-defined usage, the terminal element

of the allotted name of a genus is properly restricted to

another genus, the name should be written solid or, if necessary for visual reasons, hyphened. For example, apple is

MalMSy so pineapple (for Ananas comosus) is written solid;

willow is Salix, hence desertwillow for Chilopsis is written

solid; hazel is Corylus, so witch-hazel for Hamamelis is

hyphened.

5. Admittedly, some species (for example, avocado in the

genus Persea and dahoon in Ilex), especially in the larger

genera, have well-established names of their own. In general,

however, it is desirable to have names on a generic or at least

a subgeneric basis. Thus, all species of Fraxinus are various

kinds of ash ; all species of Picea are various kinds of spruce.

In a large, polytypic genus such as Prunus, however, whose

sections or subgenera are regarded by some botanists as distinct genera, well- and long-established usage compels us to

recognize subgeneric common names, as cherry for the section

or subgenus Cerasus, peach for the section or subgenus Amygdalus, plum for true Prunus, laurelcherry for Laurocerasus,

and so on.

6. Generic names should be monomial or at least hyphened,

as connoting a unit idea, and corresponding to the monomial

Latin generic name. Thus, calabashtree or calabash-tree for

Enallagma, and not calabash tree.

7. In general, and in the interest of brevity, nouns are preferable to participles in English specific names. Thus, lanceleaf (rather than lance-leaved) cottonwood; blueberry (rather

than blue-berried) elder.

8. For the sake of brevity and for typographical and visual

considerations it is desirable to eliminate the apostrophe from

English plant names, following the leadership of Fernow in

Sudworth's first lists of 1897 and 1898, the American Pomological Society, and the American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature. Thus, Engelmann spruce, not
16 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Engelmann's spruce. A similar tendency, in fact, may be

observed in geographic names. For example. Prince George's

County (Maryland) has now officially become Prince Georges

County.

9. Where there is danger of confusion between the name of

a person and of an idea or thing, the personal name should

be written in the possessive form and preferably without the

apostrophe. Thus, Browns hickory. Bushes oak.

The Tree and Range Plant Name Committee has kept the

above basic considerations in mind in connection with its

handling of the English plant nomenclature of this book.

In cases where genera are monotypic so far as the United

States is concerned, but of which other species occur in other

parts of the world, the Committee feels that, in the interest of

brevity, approval should be given to abbreviating the name of

the United States species, when desired, where the context clearly

shows that only the United States species is indicated. Cases

of this sort include the genera Fagus and Libocedrus, and our

only American chestnut (Castanea dentata). For example, in a

publication on American beech (Fagus grandifolia) it might be

desired to state at the outset that the word "beech" used in

the discussion is understood to refer to American beech only.

Common names of families and genera have been inserted in

this check list, though omitted in previous ones. A definite

common name has been assigned to each tree species, with the

exception of some of the numerous species of Crataegus, which

are readily distinguished only by specialists. In this respect

the nomenclature is more precise than in the 1927 Check List,

which sometimes used the same common name for a group of

related species and left a few species unnamed.

For hybrids and varieties some common names have been

approved, particularly where already used or easily derived from

the scientific names. However, some varieties do not have

distinctive English names in use and may be grouped under

the name of the species. As common names of species normally

consist of two words and varieties of three, the longer trinomials

may become objectionable. In forestry practice the specific

common name is applicable also to any included varieties. Typical

varieties have been designated merely by mention of the word

"(typical)" after the specific common name, but this addition

is unnecessary where there is no confusion with other varieties.

Names of horticultural varieties of trees are adequately covered

in Standardized Plant Names (IJí).

Common names of trees may be written either with only proper

names capitalized, as in this check list, or with all words capitalized, as in the 1927 Check List. The former method is more

useful in a reference and perhaps is more widely adopted, though

some prefer capitals for approved common names clearly equivalent to scientific names, and to avoid ambiguity.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 17

CITATIONS

Citations of place of publication of accepted names and synonyms have been included. They were omitted from the Check

Lists of 1898 and 1927 but were given in full in Sudworth's

{JÍ2) earlier compilation of nomenclature upon which the first

Check List was based. These citations are for reference in

summarizing the nomenclature and to show that the names conform to the rules. In several cases the place of publication has

been corrected to an earlier or later one from that usually quoted.

Some dates of publication have been revised from later sources.

Authors' names have been abbreviated unless short or uncommon. In most cases abbreviations stop before the second

vowel. Explanations of authors' names, including dates and

nationalities, can be found in botanical floras and manuals, such

asRehder {28),

Double citation of authors has been followed where the scientific name has been changed from one group to another, the

first author being cited in parentheses. This standard practice

is in accord with previous check lists and the International Code

of Botanical Nomenclature. However, Sargent's Silva of North

America and his Manual cited only a single author, the second

where there were two.

Abbreviations of current periodicals and of single words from

other titles follow Whitlock {52), the standard adopted in publications of the United States Department of Agriculture.

RANGES

The ranges, or distribution, of the trees are given in outline

form, as in previous check lists. The States and Canadian

provinces along the corners and irregular limits of distribution

have been listed, generally from northeast to northwest, southwest, and southeast, as noted under the plan of the check list.

However, ranges of species confined to the Coastal Plain of southeastern United States are cited from northeast to southeast and

southwest. Also, distribution of southwestern trees of the

Mexican border region is indicated from southeast to northeast,

northwest, and southwest. In many cases oceans form natural

boundaries on one side. Portions of States, especially large

ones, along the corners and limits have been mentioned where

the distribution within those States is not widespread.

Distribution is more or less continuous in a line connecting the

States named. For example, a species listed from Indiana and

Missouri occurs also in Illinois, or another cited from Washington

to California is found also in Oregon. A species ranging from

Texas to Florida is found in all the States between, and one

recorded from Maine westward and back across to Florida is

widely distributed northward back to Maine through the States

along the Atlantic coast. Isolated stations have been omitted.

Counties or other geographical divisions have been cited in a

few instances, mostly trees of local or restricted distribution.
18 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Entire ranges of species occurring also outside the area of

this check list, mostly tropical and introduced, have not been

given in detail. For the trees ranging southward in Mexico

the Mexican States forming the outlines of distribution have

been cited where known. Likewise, species native also in West

Indies, Central America, and South America, have been so designated. For trees naturalized from the Old World the continent

of origin is mentioned.

Ranges in this check list have been compiled from numerous

published sources back to the 1927 Check List. The latter assembled data on ranges from Sargent's Manual (36) and other

publications. Various current regional and State floras, manuals, floras, and tree publications have been consulted freely

for further information on tree distribution. For those genera

in which recent taxonomic monographs have been published,

accurate summaries, including maps in many cases, have been

available. Several States have excellent publications showing

geographic distribution of trees by maps. Some local floras and

local tree lists were examined for more detailed information on

ranges, particularly in States not adequately covered otherwise.

Three publications with tree distribution maps of the United

States, Alaska, and Canada, respectively, may be consulted for

further information. The article. Important Forest Trees of

the United States, by Little (17) in Trees, Yearbook of Agriculture, 1949, contains small distribution maps of 165 important

tree species which summarize the ranges much more clearly and

in greater detail than this check list. The ranges of trees in

Alaska have been mapped by Hultén (12) in his Flora of Alaska

and Yukon. Native Trees of Canada, by the Dominion Forest

Service (5), contains maps of the trees of Canada also.

Accuracy of the compiled ranges is limited by that of the

original published sources. Caution has been exercised in accepting broad range extensions from older references unless confirmed by more recent sources. Many helpful corrections of

the ranges in the preliminary 1944 Check List have been received

and incorporated into this published revision. Additional corrections and range extensions will be welcome for future use.

As explained in a separate article (19), s, publication containing

maps of the native tree species is in preparation.

The distribution of certain kinds of trees in the United States

is still imperfectly known. These are mostly the newly described

varieties and hybrids. Ranges of many naturalized species have

not been compiled accurately and may be expected to expand.

Likewise, the local distribution of the native trees within some

States is not available in published form.

Detailed, local distribution of trees is beyond the scope of this

check list and can be recorded best by competent local observers,

especially foresters, botanists, and field naturalists who are

familiar from field experience with the exact limits, irregularities,

and disjunct stations. Such observers should be urged to make

their observations generally available by publication. More
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 19

State tree publications with maps and local ranges are needed,

especially in some States where tree distribution records of many

species are still meager.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY

Statistical data on the kinds of native and naturalized trees

of the United States (including Alaska and Canada) accepted

in this and the two previous check lists are summarized in table 1.

TABLE 1.—Statistical summary of the Check Lists of 1953, 1927,

and 1898, by botanical classification

Year of

check list Families Genera Species Varieties Hybrids Total species, varieties, and hybrids

1953

1927

1898

77

78

60

252

227

167

865

862

504

161

228

80

101

87

20

11,027

1,117

604

^Not including; 45 typical varieties.

Naturalized trees in this 1953 Check List, also have been

counted separately as follows: 6 families, 81 genera, and 78

species. The 45 typical varieties, bearing the specific epithet

repeated, do not represent different kinds of trees from those

previously listed and have not been included in the table.

The statistical summary confirms the conservative treatment

of the present check list, which has accepted fewer kinds of

trees than the 1927 Check List. Though 27 genera and a larger

number of species have been added, mainly shrubby species now

recorded as trees and naturalized trees, the number of accepted

species has remained almost the same. Wild tree hybrids with

binomial names have become more numerous, more having been

detected and formally named in recent years.

Perhaps the greatest change revealed by the table is the reduction of varieties (excluding typical varieties) to slightly more

than one-fourth the total accepted in the 1927 Check List and

even fewer than in the 1898 Check List.

FAMILIES.—^The 77 plant families of trees of the United States

under the Dalla Torre and Harms (7) classification are cited

in the alphabetical list of plant families (p. 444). The 6 introduced families, each with a single naturalized genus, are so

designated. Two other families, Apocynaceae and Malvaceae,

are represented by native herbs and shrubs, but only naturalized

trees.

Three families are additions to the 1927 Check List, but 4

others have been united or omitted. Clethraceae, represented by

Clethra, and Elaeagnaceae, by Shepherdia, each with a shrubby

species becoming a small tree, have been inserted. Guttiferae

has been included with a rare rediscovered species of Chisia from

the Lower Florida Keys.
20 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Under the Dalla Torre and Harms classification, Surianaceae

has been united with Simaroubaceae and Nyssaceae with

Cornaceae. Scrophulariaceae, with numerous native herbaceous

species, has been left out because its single, naturalized, tree

species in the United States, Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.)

Steud., is now placed by some authors in Bignoniaceae. Likewise, Lagerstroemia indica L., which escapes from cultivation but

perhaps is not naturalized, has been omitted with its family of

native herbs, Lythraceae.

GENERA.—The 27 genera added here, each with a single tree

species in the United States except as indicated, are: Andira,

Artemisia, Callitris, Clethra, Clusia, Corylus, Crescentia, Daubentonia, Erythrina (2), Esenbeckia, Holacantha, Illicium (2),

Ligustrum, Melaleuca, Nicotiana, Nolina, Phoenix, Pisonia, Pondrus, Psidium, Ricinus, Schinus, Serenoa, Shepherdia, Stewartia

(2), Terminalia, and Ziziphus. Ten of these genera and tree

species of two more are naturalized, and most of the other additions are native shrubs recorded also as small trees. Three others

are native trees in southern Florida, while another is a species

described from southern Texas.

Two generic additions represent segregates, Delonix from Poinciana and Toxicodendron from Rhus. Amygdalus, of the 1927

Check List, has been united here with Prunus, and Mimusops,

with Achras. As noted above, Lagerstroemia has been omitted.

Pouteria (Lúcuma) and Talisia, introduced genera of southern

Florida, are omitted as probably not sufficiently established to be

classed as naturalized.

Changes in generic names of the 1927 Check List have been

kept at a minimum of only 18 despite differences in rules of

nomenclature followed. Of these accepted names, 6 are nominxi

conservanda, or conserved names under the International Code

of Botanical Nomenclature, 2 are older names, 1 replaces a

rejected provisional name, and the others represent combinations

and segregations of genera according to modern, conservative

usage. Fortunately, only 29 species are involved. The only

large genus changed is Hicoria to Carya, with 12 species. Generic

names affected, with names formerly used, number of tree species

in the United States, and reasons for change are summarized

in table 2.

About 25 generic names of this check list are nominxi conservanda, or conserved names. They have been retained under

the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature as exceptions

to the rules of priority or homonyms because of established usage

and are designated in the citations by the abbreviation nom,

con^erv. Fifteen of these had already been accepted in the 1927

Check List.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 21

TABLE 2.—Generic names in 1953 Check List changed from those

in 1927 Check List

Accepted name in

1953 Check List

Name in 1927

Check List

Number

of tree

species

Reason for change

Ardista Sw

Broussonetia L'Her.

Carya Nutt

Cereus Mill.

Crossopetalum

P. Br.

Delonix Raf

Firmiana Marsili..

Licaria Aubl

Madura Nutt.

Nectandra Roland..

Paurotis O. F. Cook

Photirda Lindl

Phyllanthvs L ..

Piscidia L

Prunus L

Torreya Arn

Toxicodendron Mill.

Rhus L.

Icacorea Aubl

Papyrius Lam

Hicoria Raf

Carnegiea Britten &

Rose.

Rhacoma L

Poinciana L

Sterculia L

Misanteca Cham. &

Schlecht.

Toxylon Raf

Ocotea Aubl

Acoelorraphe H.

Wendl.

Heteromeles Roem...

Cicca L

Ichihyomethjß P. Br.

(Prunus L

[Amygdalus L.

Tumion Raf

\Rhus L

12

Conserved name (nomen conservandum).

Conserved name.

Conserved name.

Carnegiea united with older

genus.

Crossopetalum is older mane.

Proposal to conserve Rhacoma was rejected.

Delonix segregated from older genus.

Firmiana segregated from

older genus.

Older name now accepted.

Conserved Name.

Nectandra generally accepted as segregate.

Acoelorraphe rejected as a

provisional name inadequately described.

Heteromeles united with older genus.

Cicca united with older genus.

Conserved name.

Amygdalus united with Prunus.

Conserved name.

Toxicodendron segregated

from Rhus.

When the names of the 1927 Check List were verified and

checked against the different rules of nomenclature, 6 additional

generic names were observed to need conservation. Proposals

to conserve these names were approved by a jury of American

plant taxonomists and, with that of another name added later,

were submitted formally to the Seventh International Botanical

Congress at Stockholm in 1950 (16). Pending final action by

an international committee, these 7 names (nomina conservanda

proposita) have been retained here: Bucida L., Cephalocereus

Pfeiif., Coccoloba P. Br., Condalia Cav., Dipholis A. DC, Fremontia Torr. ( 1853), and Halesia Ellis.

The five genera with greatest numbers of tree species in this

check list are: Crataegus, 149 species (including 1 naturalized) ;

Quercus, 59 (including 1 naturalized) ; Salix, 42 (including 4

naturalized); Pinus, 36 (including 1 naturalized); and Prunus,

25 (including 7 naturalized). Other genera with 10 or more tree

species in the United States are: Fraxinus, 16 species; Acer, 13;

Carya, Ilex, and Juniperus, 12 each; Yucca, 11; and Populus, 10.

These 12 genera together have 397 species, nearly half the total

number for the country.
22 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

ALASKA TREES.—Though about one-fifth as large as the United

States, Alaska has a relatively small number of tree species

because of its far northern location. A count based upon Pocket

Guide to Alaska Trees by Taylor and Little (i5) reveals the

following low totals: 6 families, 16 genera, 31 species (including

1 naturalized), 2 important varieties, and 4 named hybrids.

CANADA TREES.—From the Checklist of the Native Trees of

Canada, published in Native Trees of Canada (5, pp. xiii-xvii), the

following summary, which omits naturalized trees, has been

compiled: 24 families, 48 genera, 153 species, and 18 varieties.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Grateful acknowledgment is due the Forest Service Tree and

Range Plant Name Committee, including former members, for

its guidance and assistance and especially for the careful work

in the selection of the approved common names. The chairman,

William A. Dayton, has contributed valuable assistance on many

subjects throughout the preparation and has devoted much work

to the revision and improvement of the common names. In reviewing the manuscript he has made numerous important suggestions and corrections. His detailed notes on the derivations of

scientific names have been a significant contribution.

Other persons in the Forest Service have assisted in various

ways. The work of compiling names and citations from botanical

indexes was done chiefly by Lola M. Ratterree.

Acknowledgment is due Ralph R. Shaw, librarian, and to

various staff members of the Library of the United States Department of Agriculture for their helpful cooperation and

assistance.

Ernest J. Palmer of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, has examined the preliminary manuscript of the very

large and difficult genus Crataegus, of which he is the outstanding

authority, and has made various important suggestions, particularly on synonymy and ranges. Similarly, the manuscript

of Salix has been reviewed by the recognized authority on the

genus, Carleton R. Ball, of the Department of Agriculture, who

has prepared the revised ranges in Salix.

Leslie N. Goodding, Richard J. Preston, Jr., Joseph L. Stearns,

and others have suggested the inclusion of several additional

shrubby species which become arborescent. E. Shirley Bliss,

formerly of the Forest Service, has contributed Spanish common

names in use for trees of the Mexican border region of southwestern United States. Information on the naturalized trees of

southern Florida was furnished by Roy Woodbury.

Many persons, including Forest Service personnel and other

foresters and botanists, have responded to the request for constructive criticism and corrections of the preliminary, mimeographed 1944 Check List. The interest and cooperation of all

these persons in making this check list more accurate is deeply

appreciated.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 23

As the check list is a compilation, grateful acknowledgment is

due the authors of numerous publications on trees of the United

States for the information assembled here. Some of these

publications are mentioned under references and citations.

REQUEST FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Suggestions, corrections, and additional information about the

subjects covered in this check list may be sent to the Forest

Service at any time and will be useful in preparation of the next

revision. More accurate information on tree ranges will be

especially welcome. Data on trees that should be added, on

validity of species, and varieties worthy of recognition will be

appreciated.
LITERATURE CITED

(1) BRIQUET, JOHN.

INTERNATIONAL RULES OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE. ED. 3, 151

pp. Jena. 1935.

(2) BRITTON, NATHANIEL LORD, and SHAPER, JOHN ADOLPH.

NORTH AMERICAN TREES; BEING DESCRIPTIONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF

THE TREES GROWING INDEPENDENTLY OP CULTIVATION IN NORTH

AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO AND THE WEST INDIES. 894 pp., illus.

New York.

(3) BROWNE, D. J.

THE SYLVA AMERICANA; OR, A DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST TREES INDIGENOUS TO THE UNITED STATES, PRACTICALLY AND BOTANICALLY

CONSIDERED. 408 pp., illus. Boston. 1832.

(4) CAMP, W. H., RICKETT, H. W., AND WEATHERBY, C. A., COMPILERS.

INTERNATIONAL RULES OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE; UNOFFICIAL

SPECIAL EDITION, Brittonia 6: 1-120. 1947.

(5) CANADA, DOMINION FOREST SERVICE.

NATIVE TREES OF CANADA. Bul. 61, Ed. 4, 293 pp., illus. 1949.

(6) COOPER, J. G.

ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FORESTS AND TREES OP NORTH AMERICA,

WITH NOTES ON ITS PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. Smithsn. Inst. Ann. Rpt.

1858: 246-280. [Map,] 1859.

(7) DALLA TORRE, C, G. DE, AND HARMS, H.

GENERA SIIPHONOGAMARUM AD SYSTEMA ENGLERIANUM CONSCRIPTA.

921 pp. Lipsiae. 1900-07.

(8) DAYTON, WILLIAM A.

STANDARDIZING RANGE PLANT NAMES FOR THE FOREST SERVICE.

Forest Worker 6(6): 13-14. 1930.

(9) _

UNITED STATES TREE BOOKS ; A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TREE IDENTIFICATION.

U. S. Dept. Agr. Bibliog. Bul. 20, 32 pp. 1952.

(10) FERNALD, MERRITT LYNDON.

GRAY'S MANUAL OF BOTANY; A HANDBOOK OF THE FLOWERING

PLANTS AND FERNS OF THE CENTRAL AND NORTHEASTERN UNITED

STATESi AND ADJACENT CANADA. Ed. 8, 1632 pp., illus. New York,

Cincinnati, etc. 1950.

(11) GRAY, ASA.

PLATES PREPARED BETWEEN THE YEARS 1849 AND 1859, TO ACCOMPANY A REPORT ON THE FOREST TREES OP NORTH AMERICA, BY ASA GRAY.

Smithsn. Inst. Pub. 800, 4 pp., illus. Washington, D. C. 1891.

(12) HuLTÉN, ERIC

FLORA OF ALASKA AND YUKON. Lunds Univ. Arsskr., N. F., Avd.

2, 37(1): 1-127, illus. 1941; 38(1): 129-412, illus. 1942; 39(1):

413-567, illus. 1943; 40(1): 569-795, illus. 1944; 41(1): 797-978,

illus. 1945; 42(1): 979-1066, illus. 1946; 43(1): 1067-1200, illus.

1947; 44(1): 1203-1341, illus. 1948; 45(1): 1345-1481, illus.

1949; 46(1): 1485-1902, illus. 1950.

(13) JACKSON, B. DAYDON.

INDEX KEWENSIS PLANTARUM P^ANEROGAMARUM ... AN ENUMERATION OP THE GENERA AND SPECIES OP FLOWERING PLANTS PROM THE

TIME OP LINNAEUSI TO THE YEAR 1885 INCLUSIVE. 2 V. Oxford.

1895. (Also Supplementa 1-10. 1901-47.)

(14) KELSEY, HARLAN P., AND DAYTON, WILLIAM A.

STANDARDIZED PLANT NAMES. 675 pp. Harrisburg, Pa. 1942.

(14a) LANJOUW, J., AND OTHERS.

INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE. 228 pp. Utrecht,

Netherlands, and Waltham, Mass. 1952,

(15) LITTLE, ELBERT L., JR.

HOMONYMS AMONG NAMES OF TREES AND FOSSIL PLANTS. Wash.

Acad. Sei. Jour. 33: 130-135. 1943.

(16)

(17)

24

NOMINA CONSERVANDA PROPOSALS FOR TEN GENERA OP TREES AND

SHRUBS. Madroño 7: 240-251. 1944.

IMPORTANT FOREST TREES OP THE UNITED STATES. U. S. Dept. Agr.
(18)

(19)

CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 25

Yearbook 1949: 763-814, illus. 1949. (Reprinted as Yearbook

Separate 2156, pp. 763-814, illus. 1950.)

SOUTHWESTERN TREES; A GUIDE TO THE NATIVE SPECIES OP NEW

MEXICO AND ARIZONA. U. S. Dept. Agr. Handb. 9, 109 pp., illus. 1950. 1-6 FP

MAPPING RANGES OP THE TREES OP THE UNITED STATES. Rhodora

53: 195-203. 1951.

(20) MARSHALL, HUMPHRY.

ARBUSTRUM AMERICANUM : THE AMERICAN GROVE, OR, AN ALPHABETICAL CATALOGUE OF FOREST TREES AND SHRUBS, NATIVES OP THE

AMERICAN UNITED STATES, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE LINNAEAN

SYÍ3TEM. 174 pp. Philadelphia. 1785.

(21) MICHAUX, FB. ANDRE.

HISTOIRE DES ARBRES FORESTIERS DE L'AMéRIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE. 3 V.,

illus. Paris. 1810-13.

(22)

(23)

THE NORTH AMERICAN SYLVA, OR A DESCRIPTION OP THE FOREST

TREÎES OF THE UNITED STATES, CANADA AND NOVA SCOTIA. 3 V.. illus.

Philadelphia. 1817-19.

THE NORTH AMERICAN SYLVA; OR, A DESCRIPTION OP THE FOREST TREES

OP THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, AND NOVA SCOTIA. 5 V, illus.

Philadelphia. 1857.

(24) NuTTALL, THOMAS.

THE NORTH AMERICAN SYLVA; OR, A DESCRIPTION OP THE FOREST TREES

OF THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, AND NOVA SCOTIA, NOT DESCRIBED

IN THE WORK OP P. ANDREW MICHAUX. 3 V., illus. Philadelphia.

1842-49.

(25) OLMSfTED, FREDERICK LAW, COVILLE, FREDERICK V., AND KELSEY, HARLAN

STANDARDIZED PLANT NAMES; A CATALOGUE OP APPROVED SCIENTIFIC

AND COMMON NAMES OF PLANTS IN AMERICAN COMMERCE. 546 pp.

Salem, Mass. 1923.

(26) REHDER, ALFRED.

THE VARIETAL CATEGORIES IN BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE AND THEIR

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 8: 56-68. 1927.

(27)

(28)

(29)

MANUAL OF CULTIVATED TREES AND SHRUBS HARDY IN NORTH AMERICA

EXCLUSIVE OF THE SUBTROPICAL AND WARMER TEMPERATE REGIONS.

930 pp., illus. (Map.) New York. 1927.

MANUAL OP CULTIVATED TREES AND SHRUBS HARDY IN NORTH AMERICA

EXCLUSIVE OP THE SUBTROPICAL AND WARMER TEMPERATE REGIONS.

Ed. 2, 996 pp., illus. (Map.) New York. 1940.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CULTIVATED TREES AND SHRUBS HARDY IN THE

COOLER TEMPERATE REGIONS) OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE. 825 pp.

Jamaica Plain, Mass. 1949.

(30) RiCKETT, H. W.

SOME CHANGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL RULES OF BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE MADE AT STOCKHOLM IN 1950. Torrev Bot. Club Bul. 78:

1-10. 1951.

(31) ROBINSON, B. L., AND WILCOX, LESLEY C.

THE GRAY HERBARIUM CARD INDEX. Science, New Ser., 71: 253-256-

1930.

(32) SARGENT, CHARLES SPRAGUE.

A CATALOGUE OP THE FOREST TREES OP NORTH AMERICA. U. S. CENsus, 10th, Forestry, 93 pp. Washington, D. C. 1880.

(33)

REPORT ON THE FORESTS OP NORTH AMERICA (EXCLUSIVE OF MEXICO).

U. S. Census, 10th, 1880, v. 9. 612 pp., illus. (Also folio v. of

maps.) Washington, D. C. 1884.
26

(34)

(35)

(36)

(37)

AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

THE SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA; A DESCRIPTION OP THE TREES WHICH

GROW NATURALLY IN NORTH AMERICA EXCLUSIVE OF MEXICO. 14 V.,

illus. Boston and New York. 1891-1902.

MANUAL OF THE TREES OP NORTH AMERICA (EXCLUSIVE OP MEXICO)

826 pp., illus. Boston and New York. 1905.

MANUAL OP THE TREES OP NORTH AMERICA (EXCLUSIVE OP MEXICO)

Ed. 2, 910 pp., illus. Boston and New York. 1922.

MANUAL OP THE TREES OP NORTH AMERICA (EXCLUSIVE OP MEXICO).

Ed. 2, reprinted with corrections. 910 pp., illus. Boston and New

York. 1926. (Reprinted 1933.)

(38) SHANTZ, H. L., AND OTHERS.

PROPOSED CHANGES IN SUDWORTH'S CHECK LIST. 104 pp. U S. Forest

Serv. [Washington, D. C] 1939 (May 20). [Processed.]

(39)

(40)

SUMMARY OP COMMENT ON TREE NAME COMMITTEE MEMORANDUM OP

MAY 20, 1939. 89 pp. U. S. Forest Serv. [Washington, D. C]

1939 (Sept. 23). [Processed.]

APPROVED CHANGES IN SiUDWORTH's CHECK LIST. 98 pp. U. S. Forest

>. X « ^^^^- [Washington, D. C] 1940 (Jan. 23). [Processed.]

(41) SMALL, JOHN KUNKEL.

MANUAL OP THE SOUTHEASTERN FLORA. 1554 pp., illus. NeW York.

J.9oo.

(42) SuDwoRTH, GEORGE B.

NOMENCLATURE OP THE ARBORESCENT FLORA OF THE UNITED STATES.

U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Forestry Bui. 14, 419 pp. 1897.

(43)

(44)

CHECK LIST OF THE FOREST TREES OF THE UNITED STATES THEIR

NAMES AND RANGES. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Forestry Bui. 'l7, 144

pp. 1898.

CHECK LIST OF THE FOREST TREES OF THE UNITED STATES», THEIR

NAMES AND RANGES. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Cir. 92, 295 pp. 1927.

(45) TAYLOR, RAYMOND F., AND LITTLE, ELBERT L., JR.

POCKET GUIDE TO ALASKA TREES. U. S. Dept. Agr. Handb. 5, 63

pp., illus. 1950.

(46) U. S. FOREST SERVICE.

CHECK LIST OP THE NATIVE AND NATURALIZED TREES OP THE UNITED

STATES, INCLUDING ALASKA. 325 pp. U. S. Forest Serv. Washington,

D. C, 1944. [Processed.]

(47) VAN DERSAL, WILLIAM R.

NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OP THE UNITED STATES; THEIR EROSIONCONTROL WILDLIFE VALUES. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 303, 362

pp. [Maps.] 1938.

(48) VASEY, GEO.

POREST-TREES OF THE UNITED STATES. U. S. [Dept. Agr.] Commr.

Agr. Rpt. 1875: 151-186. 1876. (Reprinted as: A CATALOGUE OP

THE FOREST TREES OP THE UNITED STATES WHICH USUALLY ATTAIN

A HEIGHT OP SIXTEEN FEET OR MORE. [U. S. Dept. Agr. Rpt 11]

38 pp. Washington. 1876.)

(49) WANGENHEIM, FRIEDERICH ADAM JULIUS VON.

BEYTRAG ZUR TEUTSCHEN HOLZGERECHTEN FORSTWISSENSCHAFT, DIE

ANPFLANZUNG NORDAMERICANISCHER HOLZARTEN, MIT ANWENDUNG

AUF TEUTSCHE PORSTE. 124 pp., illus. Göttingen. 1787.

(50) WEATHERBY, CA.

SUBSPECIES. Rhodora 44: 157-167. 1942.

(51)

BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE SINCE 1867. Amer. Jour. Bot. 36: 5-7.

1949.

(52) WHITLOCK, CAROLYN.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR TITLES

OF PUBLICATIONS. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 337, 278 pp. 1939.
CHECK LIST OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED

TREES OF THE UNITED STATES

(INCLUDING ALASKA)

Abies Mill. (Family Pinaceae) fir

jAbies Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 1. 1754.

DERIVATION.—^The classic Latin name of the silver fir, Abies

alba Mill., of Europe.

REFERENCES.—Franco, Joao do Amaral. Abetos. Inst. Super.

Agron. (Lisboa) v. 17, 260 pp., illus. 1950.

Fulling, Edmund H. Identification, by leaf structure, of the

species of Abies cultivated in the United States. Torrey Bot.

Club. Bui. 61: 497-524, illus. 1934.

Lamb, William H. A conspectus of North American firs

(exclusive of Mexico). Soc. Amer. Foresters Proc. 9: 528-538,

illus. 1914.

Viguié, Marié-Thérèse, and Gaussen, Henri. Révision du genre

Abies. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bui. 57: 369-434, illus. 1929;

58: 245-564, illus. 1929. Reprinted as Lab. Forest. Toulouse

Trav. tome 2, v. 2, art. 1, 386 pp., illus. 1928-29.

Wyman, Donald. A simple foliage key to the firs. Arnoldia

3: 65-71, illus. 1943.

*Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes Pacific silver fir

Pinus amabilis Dougl., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 93. 1836 ; nomen

nudum.

Picea amabilis Dougl. ex Loud., Arb. Frut. Brit. 4: 2342,

figs. 2247-2248. 1838; in part.

-JAbies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes, Pinet. Woburn. 125, pi. 44.

1839.

DERIVATION.—Lovely.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Cascades fir (SPN), amabilis fir,

lovely fir, red fir, fsilver fir (lumber), white fir (lumber).

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from southern part of southeastern Alaska south through western British Columbia to

western Washington and western Oregon. Local in northwestern

California (Salmon Mountains, Siskiyou County).

*Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. fbalsam fir

Abies balsamea var. balsamea balsam fir (typical)

Pinus balsamea L., Sp. PI. 1002. 1753.

'\Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Abies No. 3.

1768.

\Abies balsamea var. macrocarpa Kent, Veitch Man. Conif.

New ed. 492. 1900.

DERIVATION.—Ancient word for balsam tree, referring to the

resinous pockets or blisters in the bark.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^balsam, Canada balsam, eastern fir

(lumber).

27
28 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Labrador, west to northeastern

Alberta, and south to Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, southern

Ontario, northern Pennsylvania, New York, and New England.

Also local in northeastern Iowa.

Abies balsamea var. phanerolepis Fern. bracted balsam fir

Abies balsamea var. phanerolepis Fern., Rhodora 11: 203.

1909. ^ , „ ^

Abies intermedia Fulling, [Castanea] South. Appal. Bot.

Club Jour. 1: 93, fig. 1. 1936. Not A. intermedia

Saporta, [Paris] Acad. des Sei. Compt. Rend. 94: 1021.

1882; fossil, Pliocene, France.

DERIVATION.—With visible scales, referring to the exposed

bracts of the cones. ^ ^ . , ^ir .

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Labrador to Ontario and Mame

and high mountains of New Hampshire, Vermont, and New

York. Also local on high mountains of northern Virginia (Blue

Ridge in Page and Madison Counties) and West Virginia (Grant,

Tucker, Randolph, and Pocahontas Counties).

The trees of Virginia and West Virginia may be intermediate between

Abies balsamea and A, fraseri.

REFERENCES.—Core, Earl L. Torreya 40: 6. 1940.

Fosberg, F. R. Va. Jour. Sei. 2: 106. 1941.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 33: 132. 1943.

Abies bracteata D. Don fbristlecone fir

Pvmts bracteata D. Don, Linn. Soc. London Trans. 17: 442.

1836 (before July). ^ ^^^^ ^_^

Pinus venusta Dougl., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 152. 1836 (Dec.

Abies bracteata D. Don ex Poit., Rev. Hort, Ser. 2, 4: 7.

1845 (April). ^ ^ ^ o .orr

Abies bracteata (D. Don) Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 137,

pi. 118. 1849. . • ^,^^ ^^^

-fAbies venusta (Dougl.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 2(2): 210.

1873.

This species, which generally has been known as Abies venusta, must now

bear the slightly older name, Abies bracteata, as shown by Dayton.

DERIVATION.—With bracts, referring to the very long bristlelike tips of the cone bracts.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Santa Lucia fir, silver fir.

RANGE.—Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey County, Calif.

REFERENCES.—Dayton, William A. Rhodora 54: 74-76. 1952.

Keck, David D. Bibliographic notes on Abies bracteata and

Pinus coulteri. Madroño 8: 177-179. 1946.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Amer. Jour. Bot. 31: 592. 1944.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Lambert's "Description of the Genus

Pinus," 1832 edition. Madroño 10: 33-47. 1949.

Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. fwhite fir

Abies concolor Lindl. & Gord., Hort. Soc. London Jour. 5:

210. 1850; nomen niidum.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 29

Picea concolor Gerd. & Glend., Pinetum 155. 1858.

•fAbies concolor (Gerd. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr., Verbr.

Conif. 261. 1861.

Picea lowixina Gord., Pinetum Sup. 53. 1862.

Abies lowiana (Gord.) A. Murr., Roy. Hort. Soc. Proc. 3:

317. 1863.

Abies grandis var. lowiana (Gord.) Hoopes, Book Evergreens

212. 1868.

•fAbies concolor var. lowiana (Gord.) Lemm., Handb. W.-

Amer. Cone-Bearers. Ed. 3, 64. 1895.

DERIVATION.—Of uniform color, referring to the needles, which

are pale blue green on both sides.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^white balsam, balsam fir, silver fir,

pino real bianco.

RANGE.—Mountains from western Wyoming and southern Idaho

to southern Oregon, and south to southern California, southern

Arizona, and southern New Mexico. Also in northern Lower California, Mexico.

REFERENCES.—Franco, Joao do Amaral. Soc. Broter. (Coimbra) Bol., Ser. 2, 23: 160. 1949.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Amer. Jour. Bot. 31: 590. 1944.

Rehder, Alfred. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 20: 287. 1939.

Abies excelsior Franco, see A. grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser fir

Pinus fraseri Pursh, Fl. Amer, Sept. 2: 639. 1814.

iAbies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot.

Sup. 5: 35. 1817.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, John Fraser (1750-

1811), a Scotchman who traveled extensively in North America

and introduced it and many other plants to Europe.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.-—Fraser balsam fir (SPN), balsam fir

(lumber), eastern fir (lumber), southern fir, fsouthern balsam

fir, she-balsam.

RANGE.—Appalachian Mountains at high elevations in southwestern Virginia, western North Carolina, and eastern Tennessee.

Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. grand fir

lAbies aromática Raf., Med. Fl. 2:182. 1830; nomen nudum.

IPinus grandis Dougl. ex D. Don in Lamb., Descr. Genus

Pinus. Ed. 3 (8°), v. 2, unnumbered extra p. between

p. 144 and p. 145. 1832.

lAbies aromática Raf., Atlant. Jour. 1: 119. 1832.

t?A6ies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl, Penny Cycl. 1: 30. 1833.

Abies excelsior Franco, Soc. Broter. (Coimbra) Bol., Ser.

2, 23: 162. 1949.

There is some uncertainty about the identity of the names Ahies grandis

and A. amabilis, which may be reversed from Douglas' original application.

Franco has taken up A» grandis for the species universally known as A,
30 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

amabilis and has published the new name A. excelsior for the species known

as A. grandis. However, specimens regarded as types support present

usage, according to photographs examined. Some of the original material

may have become mixed and part was reported as lost. It seems best to

retain the established usage in the absence of more definite original evidence

to the contrary.

DERIVATION.—Large.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—balsam fir, lowland fir, flowland

white fir, silver fir, white fir (lumber), yellow fir.

RANGE.—^Western Montana west of Continental Divide, northern and western Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and eastern Washington, north to southern British Columbia, and south in Pacific

coast region to western Washington, western Oregon, and northwestern California (to Sonoma County).

REFERENCES.—Franco, Joao do Amaral. Soc. Broter. (Coimbra) Bol., Ser. 2, 23: 159-162. 1949.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Amer. Jour. Bot. 31: 591-592. 1944.

Abies intermedia Fulling, see A. balsamea var. phanerolepis Fern.

*Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. subalpine fir

Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa subalpine fir (typical)

Pinus lasiocarpa Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 163. 1839.

Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Hook, ex Endl., Synops. Conif.

325. 1847; in index; as synonym.

fAbies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt,, No. Amer. Sylva 3: 138.

1849.

DERIVATION.—Hairy-fruited.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^balsam, white balsam, falpine fir, balsam fir, white fir (lumber), pino real bianco de las sierras.

RANGE.—^Western Northwest Territories, Yukon, and southeastern Alaska (Copper River Valley and southeastward locally),

south in British Columbia and southeastern Alberta and in

mountains of western United States from western Washington

and western Oregon east to Idaho, western Montana, and western

Wyoming, south to central Colorado, western New Mexico, and

southeastern Arizona. Also local in northeastern Nevada.

Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica (Merriam) Lemm. fcorkbark fir

fAbies arizonica Merriam, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 10: 116,

figs. 24-25. 1896.

Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica (Merriam) Lemm., Sierra

Club Bui. 2: 167. 1898 ; Lemm. ex Masters, Gard. Chron.,

Ser. 3, 29: 86, 134, figs. 52-53. 1901.

DERIVATION.—Of Arizona, where it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—álamo de la sierra.

RANGE.—Central Colorado to southwestern New Mexico and

eastern and northern Arizona.

Abies lowiana (Gord.) A. Murr., see A. concolor (Gord. &

Glend.) Lindl.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 31

Abies magnifica A. Murr. fCalifornia red fir

Abies magnifica var. magnifica California red fir (typical)

fAbies magnifica A. Murr., Roy. Hort. Soc. Proc. 3: 318,

figs. 25-33. 1863.

DERIVATION.—Magnificent, referring to the cone.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—red fir (SPN), golden fir (lumber),

white fir (k"ii^iber).

RANGE.—Southwestern Oregon (Cascade Mountains) south to

north Coast Ranges of California and through Sierra Nevada to

central California and western Nevada.

Abies magnifica var. shastensis Lemm. fShasta red fir

-fAbies magnifica var. shastensis Lemm., Calif. State Bd.

Forestry Bien. Rpt. 3: 145. 1890.

DERIVATION.—Of Shasta.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Shasta fir.

RANGE.—Same as typical variety.

Abies nobilis (Dougl.) Lindl., see A. procera Rehd.

Abies procera Rehd. fnoble fir

Pinus nobilis Dougl. ex D. Don in Lamb., Descr. Genus Pinus.

Ed. 3 (8°), V. 2, unnumbered extra p. between p. 144 and

p. 145, illus. 1832.

"^Abies nobilis (Dougl.) Lindl., Penny Cycl. 1: 30. 1833.

Not A. nobilis A. Dietr., Fl. Berlin 793. 1824.

Abies procera Rehd., Rhodora 42: 522. 1940.

This species was universally known as Abies nobilis until 1940, when

Rehder showed that the name was a later homonym and untenable under

the changed rules of nomenclature.

DERIVATION.—^Tall.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^red fir, white fir (lumber).

RANGE.—^^Vestern Washington from Cascade Mountains and

high peaks of Coast Range southward to southwestern Oregon.

REFERENCE.—Rehder, Alfred. Abies procera, a new name for

A. nobilis Lindl. Rhodora 42: 522-524. 1940.

Abies venusta (Dougl.) K. Koch, see A. bracteata (D. Don) Nutt.

Acacia Mill. (Family Leguminosae) acacia

^Acacia Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 1. 1754.

Acacia Trew, PI. Select, pi. 36. 1754.

Vachellia Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 272. 1834.

Poponax Raf., Sylva Tellur. 118. 1838.

Senegalia Raf., Sylva Tellur. 119. 1838.

Acaciopsis Britton & Rose, No. Amer. Fl. 23: 93. 1928.

DERIVATION.—The classical Greek name of a thorny tree of

Egypt, supposed to be of this genus.

REFERENCE.—Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Rose, Joseph

Nelson. Acacieae. No. Amer. Fl. 23: 84-120. 1928.
32 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Two additional southwestern species of Acacia are recorded as becoming

small trees to 16 feet high but apparently reach tree size only in Mexico

and are known only as shrubs in the United States. These shrubby species

are mentioned here to call attention to the possibility of discovering

individuals of tree size in this country. Acacia amentácea DC. (Acaciopsis

rigidula (Benth.) Britton & Rose), blackbrush acacia, is distributed in

southern to central and Trans-Pecos Texas and northeastern Mexico.

Acacia millefolia S. Wats. {Senegalia millefolia (S. Wats.) Britton & Rose),

milfoil acacia, is found in southeastern Arizona and northern Mexico.

Acacia emoryana Benth. Emory acacia

fAcacia emoryana Benth., Linn. See. London Trans. 30:

522. 1875.

Senegalia emoryana (Benth.) Britton & Rose, No. Amer.

Fl. 23: 109. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Named for Lt. Col. William Hemsley Emory

(1811-87), leader of two military and scientific expeditions in

the Southwest and a major general in the Civil War.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fcatclaw.

RANGE.—Southwestern Texas.

Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. sweet acacia

Mimosa farnesiana L., Sp. PL 521. 1753.

fAcacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., Sp. PI., Ed. 4, 4: 1083.

1806.

Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind.

Orient. 1: 272. 1834.

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of Cardinal Odoardo Farnese

(1573-1626), of Rome. This species was first introduced to

Europe in his gardens (Hortus Farnesianus) in 1611.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cassie, fhuisache.

RANGE.—Southern Texas and rare and local in southern

Arizona and southern California (San Diego County). Also in

Mexico, Central America, and South America to Chile. Widely

cultivated and naturalized from Florida to Louisiana, in central

and western Texas, and in southern California. Naturalized in

the tropics generally.

Acacia greggii A. Gray catclaw acacia

fAcacia greggii A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 65. 1852.

Senegalia greggii (A. Gray) Britton & Rose, No. Amer.

FL 23: 110. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Named for Josiah Gregg (1806-50), early

American explorer, who collected plants in the Southwest and

northern Mexico.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fcatclaw, devilsclaw, paradise-flower,

uña de gato, uñas del gato.

RANGE.—Southern, central, and Trans-Pecos Texas, west to

central New Mexico, northwestern Arizona, southwestern Utah,

southeastern Nevada, and southeastern California, south to

northern Mexico (Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, and

Coahuila).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 33

Acacia subtortuosa Shafer, see A. tortuosa (L.) Willd.

Acacia tor^ttiosa (L.) Willd. twisted acacia

Mimosa tortuosa L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 1312. 1759.

-fAcacia tortuosa (L.) Willd., Sp. PL 4: 1083. [1806.]

Poponax tortuosa (L.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 118. 1838.

Pithecellobium schaffneri S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sei. Proc. 17: 352. 1882; as 'Tithecolobium:'

Acacia subtortuosa Shafer in Britten & Shafer, No. Amer.

Trees 524, fig. 485. 1908.

Poponax schaffneri (S. Wats.) Britton & Rose, No. Amer.

Fl. 23: 89. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Twisted, referring to the branches.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Rio Grande acacia, fcatclaw, huisachillo.

RANGE.—Southwestern Texas, south to southern Mexico. Also

widely distributed in West Indies and in Venezuela and Galapagos

Islands.

Acacia wrightii Benth. Wright acacia

1fAcacia wrightii Benth. in A. Gray, PL Wright. 1: 64. 1852.

Senegalia wrightii (Benth.) Britton & Rose, No. Amer. Fl.

23: 110. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Named for Charles Wright (1811-56), American

botanical collector, who collected it in western Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fcatclaw, Texas catclaw, tree catclaw.

RANGE.—Central to southern and Trans-Pecos Texas and

northern Mexico (Tamaulipas to Sonora and Lower California).

Acer L. (Family Aceraceae) maple

fAcer L., Sp. PI. 1054. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 474. 1754.

Negundo Ludw. & Boehm., Del Gen. PI. 508. 1760.

Rulac Adans., Fam. PL 2: 383. 1763.

Acer subg. Sacharodendron Raf., New Fl. No. Amer. 1:

47. 1836.

Saccharodendron (Raf.) NieuwL, Amer. Midland Nat. 3:

182. 1914.

Argentacer Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 825, 1505. 1933.

Rufacer Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 825, 1505. 1933.

DERIVATION.—The classic Latin name of maple.

Additional cultivated species of Acer have been recorded as escaping and

becoming established locally in eastern United States. In time they may

become naturalized. These include Acer platanoides L., Norway maple,

native of Europe, and A. pseudoplatanus L., planetree maple, of Europe

and western Asia.

Acer barbatum Michx. Florida maple

Acer saccharinum Wangenh. var. floridanum Chapm., Fl.

South. U. S. 81. 1860.

^Acer floridanum (Chapm.) Pax, Bot. Jahrb. 7: 243. 1886.

Acer barbatum Michx. var. floridanum (Chapm.) Sarg.,
M AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, Ü. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Gard. & Forest 4: 148. 1891; Silva No. Amer. 2: 100, pL

91, fig. 4. 1891.

Acer saccharum var. floridanum (Chapm.) Small & Heller,

Torr. Bot. Club Mem. S: 24. 1892.

Saccharodendron barbatum (Michx.) NieuwL, Amer. Midland Nat. 3: 182. 1913; as to name but not description.

Saccharodendron floridanum (Chapm.) NieuwL, Amer. Midland Nat. 3: 182. 1913.

iAcer floridanum var. villipes Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and

Shrubs 2: 255. 1913.

Acer floridanum var. longii Fern., Rhodora 44: 426, pi. 726.

1942.

Acer barbatum var. longii (Fern.) Fern., Rhodora 47: 160.

1945.

Acer barbatum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 252. 1803; in

part, flowers but excluding leaves and fruit.

Long known as Acer floridanum, A. barbatum was applied also to the

sugar maple by a few authors (Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 2: 97, pi. 90. 1891).

A few others have rejected the name as based upon a mixture.

DERIVATION.—Of Florida.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fsouthern sugar maple, sugar maple.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to central

Florida, west to eastern Texas and north in Mississippi Valley

to southeastern Missouri.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. The identity of Michaux's Acer

barbatum. Rhodora 47: 156-160. 1945.

Acer brachypterum Woot. & Stand!., see A, grandidentatum Nutt.

Acer califomicum (Torr. & Gray) D. Dietr., see A. negundo L.

Acer carolinianum Walt., see A, rubnim L.

Acer circinatum Pursh fvine maple

iAcer circinatum Pursh, FL Amer. Sept. 1: 267. 1814.

DERIVATION.—Rounded or circular, from the general shape of

the leaves.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from southwestern British

Columbia to western Washington, western Oregon, and northern California. Also in Wallowa Mountains of northeastern

Oregon.

Acer diffusum Greene, see A. glabrum Torr.

Acer douglasii Hook., see A. glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dipp.

Acer drummondii Hook., see A. rubrum var. drummondii (Hook.

& Am.) Sarg.

Acer floridanum (Chapm.) Pax, see Acer barbatum Michx.

Acer fraxinifolium Nutt, see A. negundo L.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 35

Acer glabrum Torr. Rocky Mountain maple

Acer glabrum var. glabrum Rocky Mountain maple (typical)

iAcer glabrum Torr., N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. Ann. 2: 172.

1828.

Acer tripartitum Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 1 :

247. 1840.

Acer glabrum var. tripartitum (Nutt.) Pax, Bot. Jahrb. 7:

218. 1886.

Acer diffuMim Greene, Pittonia 5: 2. 1902.

Acer neo-mexicanum Greene, Pittonia 5:3. 1902.

Acer torreyi Greene, Pittonia 5: 2. 1902.

Acer glabrum var. diffusum (Greene) Smiley, Calif. Univ.

Pubs. Bot. 9: 261. 1921.

Acer glabrum var. torreyi (Greene) Smiley, Calif. Univ.

Pubs. Bot. 9: 261. 1921.

Acer glabrum var. neomexicanum (Greene) Kearney &

Peebles, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 29: 486. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Glabrous, or hairless, referring to the foliage.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^fdwarf maple, mountain maple,

Sierra maple.

RANGE.—Black Hills of South Dakota and northwestern

Nebraska west to Wyoming, southeastern Idaho, Utah, Nevada,

and southwestern Oregon, and south to southern California,

southeastern Arizona, and southern New Mexico.

REFERENCE.—Keller, Allan C. Acer glabrum and its varieties.

Amer. Midland Nat. 27: 491-500, illus. 1942.

Acer glabrum var. douglasii (Hook.) Dipp. Douglas maple

Acer douglasii Hook., London Jour. Bot. 6: 77, pi. 6. 1847.

Acer glabrum subsp. douglasii (Hook.) Wesmael, Soc. Roy.

de Bot. de Belg. Bul. 29:46. 1890.

fAcer glabrum b douglasii (Hook.) Dipp., Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 438. 1892.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, David Douglas (1798-

1834), Scotch botanical explorer.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Douglas Rocky Mountain maple

(SPN), fdwarf maple, mountain maple.

RANGE.—Southeastern Alaska, southeast to western and southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, western Montana, and

northwestern Wyoming, and west to Idaho, Washington, and

Oregon.

Acer grandidentatum Nutt. fbigtooth maple

Acer grandidentatum var. grandidentatum

bigtooth maple (typical)

fAcer grandidentatum Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer.

1:247. 1838.

Acer barbatum Michx. var. grandidentatum (Nutt.) Sarg.,

Silva No. Amer. 2: 100, pi. 92. 1891.

Acer brachypterum Woot. & Standl., U. S. Nati. Mus.
36 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 16: 146, 1913.

Acer graTididentatum var. brachypterum (Woot. & Standl.)

Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 10: 40. 1929.

DERIVATION.—Large-toothed, referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—sugar maple.

RANGE.—^Western Wyoming and southeastern Idaho, south to

Utah, southwestern Colorado, southeastern Arizona, southern

New Mexico, and Trans-Pecos Texas. Local in southwestern

Oklahoma (Wichita Mountains, Comanche County). Also in

northern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua).

Acer grandidentatum var. sinuosum (Rehd.) Little

Uvalde bigtoath maple

Acer sinuosum Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 255, pi.

195. 1913.

fAcer saccharum var. sinuosum (Rehd.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz.

67:234. 1919.

Acer barbatum sinuosum (Rehd.) Ashe, Rhodora 24: 78.

1922.

Acer subglaucum sinuosum (Rehd.) Bush, Amer. Midland

Nat. 12: 503. 1931.

Acer saccharophorum var. sinuosum (Rehd.) Rousseau, Nat.

Canad. 67: 221. 1940.

Acer grandidentatum var. sinuosum (Rehd.) Little, Rhodora

46: 449. 1944.

DERIVATION.—^With a sinus, referring to the curve at the base

of the leaf blades.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fsugar maple.

RANGE.—Central Texas including Edwards Plateau.

Acer interius Britton, see A, negundo L.

Acer kingii Britton, see A. negundo L.

Acer leucoderme Small chalk maple

Acer floridamtm var. acuminatum Trel., Sugar Maples 12,

pi. 11. 1894. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 5: 99, pi. 11.

1894.

IfAcer leucoderme Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 22: 367.

1895.

Acer saccharum var. leucoderme (Small) Sarg., Silva No.

Amer. 13: 7, pi. 624. 1902.

Saccharodendron leucoderme (Small) NieuwL, Amer. Midland Nat. 3: 182. 1913.

DERIVATION.—^White-skinned, referring to the whitish bark.

RANGE.—^Rare and local from North Carolina to southeastern

Tennessee, southern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma, south

to Louisiana, northwestern Florida, and Georgia.

*Acer macrophyllum Pursh fbigleaf maple

-fAcer macrophyllum Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 267. 1814.

Acer macrophyllum var. kimballi Sudw. ex Harlow & Harrar,
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 37

Textb. Dendrol. 449. 1937; without Latin diagnosis.

Acer macrophyllum var. kimballiae Harrar, Jour. Forestry

38: 728, fig. 1. 1940; as ''kimballi."

DERIVATION.—Large-leaved (literally long-leaved).

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^broadleaf maple, Oregon maple.

RANGE.—^Pacific coast region of western British Columbia,

western Washington, and western Oregon, south in Sierra Nevada

and Coast Ranges to southern California. Reported from southern end of southeastern Alaska, apparently in error.

*Acer negando L. fboxelder

fAcer negundo L., Sp. PL 1056. 1753.

Negundo aceroides Moench, Meth. PI. 334. 1794.

Acer fraxinifoUum Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PL 1: 253. 1818.

Negundo californicum Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 1: 250.

1838.

Acer californicum (Torr. & Gray) D. Dietr., Synops. PL 2 :

1283. 1840.

Negundo aceroides var. violaceum Kirchn, in Petzold &

Kirchn., Arboretum Muscav. 190. 1864.

Negundo negundo (L.) Karst., Deut. Fl. Pharm.-Med. Bot.

596. 1880-83.

Acer negundo var. texanum Pax, Bot. Jahrb. 7: 212. 1886.

Negundo aceroides var. californicum (Torr. & Gray) Sarg.,

Gard, and Forest 2: 364. 1889.

Acer negundo var. violaceum Jaeg. & Beissn., Ziergehölze

Gärt. Park. Ed. 3, 6. 1889.

Acer negundo subsp. californicum (Torr. & Gray) Wesmael,

Soc. Roy. de Bot. de Belg. Bul. 29: 43. 1890.

Acer negundo var. californicum (Torr. & Gray) Sarg., Gard.

and Forest 4: 148. 1891; Silva No. Amer. 2: 112, pL

97. 1891.

Acer negundo var. violaceum (Kirchn.) Schwer., Gartienfl.

42: 204,711. 1893.

Rulac negundo (L.) Hitchc, Key Spring Fl. Manhattan 25.

1894.

Rulac texana (Pax) Small, FL Southeast. U. S. 743, 1334.

1903.

Acer interius Britton in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer. Trees

655, fig. 608. 1908 ; as ''interior:'

Acer kingii Britton in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer. Trees

656, fig. 609. 1908.

Rulac nuttallii NieuwL, Amer. Midland Nat. 2: 137. 1911.

Negundo interius (Britton) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

40: 56. 1913.

Negundo kingii (Britton) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

40: 56. 1913.

Negundo nuttallii (NieuwL) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

40: 55. 1913.

Negundo texanum (Pax) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 40:

56. 1913.
38 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Acer negundo var, arizonicum Sarg., Bot Gaz. 67: 240.

1919.

Acer negundo var. interius (Britton) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67:

239. 1919; as ''interior:'

Negundo fraxinifolium (Nutt.) Farwell, Amer. Midland Nat.

10: 37. 1926.

Acer nuttallii (Nieuwl.) Lyon, Amer. Midland Nat. 12: 39.

1930.

This very widespread species includes several intergrading

races which differ chiefly in hairiness and shape and thickness

of leaflets and which are not distinguished here.

DERIVATION.—^From the Malayan common name of Vitex

negundo L., negundo chastetree, later applied to this species.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fCalifornia boxelder, ashleaf maple,

boxelder maple, Manitoba maple.

RANGE.—^Throughout most of the United States. New Jersey,

Pennsylvania, extreme southern and western Ontario, Michigan,

Wisconsin, and Minnesota, north to central Manitoba, central

Saskatchewan, and southern Alberta, and south to central Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and California, and east to southern Texas

and central Florida. Also local in Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Idaho, and Nevada. Naturalized northeastward to Maine, southern Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia,

and Prince Edward Island, and in southeastern Washington and

eastern Oregon.

Acer neo-mexicanum Greene, see A. glabmm Torr.

"'Acer nigrum Michx. f. fblack maple

^Acer nigrum Michx. f., Hist. Arbr. For. Amer. Sept. 2:

238, pi. 16. 1812.

Acer saccharinum ß nig^nim (Michx. f.) Torr. & Gray, Fl.

No. Amer. 1: 248. 1838.

Acer saccharum var. nigrum (Michx. f.) Britton, N. Y. Acad.

Sei. Trans. 9: 10. 1889.

Acer barbatum Michx. var. nigrum (Michx. f.) Sarg., Gard,

and Forest 4: 148, fig. 27. 1891; Silva No. Amer. 2: 99,

pi. 91, figs. 1-5, 1891.

Acer nigrum var. palmeri Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour.

2: 166. 1921.

Saccharodendron nigrum (Michx. f.) Small, Man. Southeast.

Fl. 824,1505. 1933.

Acer saccharophorum var. nigrum (Michx. f.) Rousseau,

Nat. Canad. 67: 221. 1940; nom. illegit

DERIVATION.—Black, from the common name black sugar

maple, probably referring to the dark green foliage and dark

bark of mature trees.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^black sugar maple, hard maple

(lumber), rock maple, sugar maple.

RANGE.—^Vermont, extreme southern Quebec, New York and

southern Ontario to southern Michigan, Wisconsin, and south-
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 39

eastern Minnesota, south to Iowa, northeastern Kansas, and

Missouri, and east to Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, western North

Carolina, western Virginia, Maryland, and New Jersey, Also

local in New Hampshire and northeastern South Dakota.

Acer nuttallii (Nieuwl.) Lyon, see A. negundo L.

Acer pensylyanicum L. fstriped maple

fAcer pensylvanicum L., Sp. PI. 1055. 1753.

Acer striatum Du Roi, Harbk. Baumz. 1: 8, pi. 1. 1771.

The original spelling was **pensylvanicum/* based upon an early spelling

of the colony, though **pennsylvanicum" has been used in some references,

including the 1927 Check List.

DERIVATION.—Of Pennsylvania.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—moosewood.

RANGE.—-Nova Scotia and Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec to Ontario and central Michigan, south to Ohio, Pennsylvania, and

New England, and in mountains to northern Georgia.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. Pensylvanicus or pennsylvanicus? Rhodora 42: 94-95. 1940.

Acer rubrum L. fred maple

Acer rubrum var. rubrum red maple (typical)

iAcer rubrum L., Sp. PI. 1055. 1753.

Acer carolinianum Walt., Fl. Carol. 251. 1788.

Acer rubrum 8 trilobum Torr. & Gray ex K. Koch, Hort.

Dendrol. 80. 1853; nomen illegit.

fAcer rubrum ß tridens Wood, Class-book Bot, "1860" Ed.,

286. 1861.

fAcer rubrum tomentosum Desf. ex Kirchn. in Petzold &

Kirchn., Arboretum Muscav. 186. 1864.

Acer stenocarpum Britton in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer.

Trees 647, fig. 598. 1908. Not Acer stenocarpum Ettinghausen, K. Bayer. Akad. der Wiss. München Denkschr.

50: 20, pi. 31, figs. 10-12. 1885 (fossil, Miocene, Carniola).

Rufacer carolinianum (Walt.) Small, Man. Southeast. Fl.

826, 1505. 1933.

Rufacer rubrum (L.) Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 826, 1505.

1933.

DERIVATION.—^Red, appropriate as the color of the flowers,

petioles, and autumnal foliage.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Carolina red maple, scarlet maple,

soft maple (lumber), swamp maple, water maple, white maple.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Quebec to Ontario, southeastern

Manitoba, and Minnesota, south to Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri,

eastern Oklahoma, and eastern Texas, east to southern Florida.

Acer rubrum var. drummondii (Hook. & AmO Sarg.

Drammond red maple
40 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Acer drummondii Hook., Jour, Bot. 1: 200. 1834 ; nomen

Provisorium.

Acer drummondii Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva

2: 83, pi. 70. 1846.

fAcer rubrum var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) Sarg., U. S.

Census lOth, v. 9 (Rpt. Forests No. Amer.) : 50. 1884.

Rufacer drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) Small, Man. Southeast.

Fl, 826. 1933.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Thomas Drummond

(1780-1835), Scotch nurseryman and botanical explorer, who

collected extensively in Canada and in southern United States.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Drummond maple, fred maple.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from New Jersey to Florida and eastern

Texas, north in Mississippi Valley to southeastern Missouri,

southern Illinois, and southwestern Indiana.

Acer rugelii Pax, see A, saccharum Marsh.

Acer saccharinum L. fsilver maple

-fAcer saccharinum L., Sp. PI. 1055. 1753.

Acer sacchatum Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 6, Acer

No. 6. 1771; in part.

Acer dasycarpum Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 4: 24. 1789.

Argentacer saccharinum (L.) Small, Man. Southeast. Fl.

825, 1505. 1933.

DERIVATION.—Sweet, or sugary, referring to the sap.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^river maple, silverleaf maple, soft

maple (lumber), swamp maple, water maple, white maple.

RANGE.—New Brunswick, Maine, southern Quebec, and southern Ontario to Michigan and Minnesota, south to southeastern

South Dakota, eastern Nebraska, and eastern Oklahoma, and

east to Mississippi and Georgia. Also local in Louisiana and

northwestern Florida.

Acer saccharophorum K. Koch, see A. saccharum Marsh.

Acer saccharum Marsh. fsugar maple

fAcer saccharum Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 4. 1785 ; perhaps

misspelling or orthographical error of A. saccharinum.

Acer saccharinum Wangenh., Beytr. Teutsch. Holzger,

Forstwiss. Anpflanz. Nordamer, Holz. 26, pi. 11, fig. 26.

1787. Not A. saccharinum L., Sp. PI. 1055. 1753.

Acer saccharinum var. glaucum Schmidt, Anleit. Erzieh.

Vermehr. Ahornart. 1812 (not seen).

Acer saccharophorum K. Koch, Hort. Dendrol. 80. 1853.

Acer rugelii Pax, Bot. Jahrb. 7: 243. 1886.

Acer saccharinum var. glaucum Pax, Bot. Jahrb. 7: 242.

1886.

Acer saccharinum var. pseudo-platanoides Pax, Bot. Jahrb.

7: 242. 1886.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 41

iAcer saccharum var. schneckii Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and

Shrubs 2: 256. 1913.

iAcer saccharum var. rugelii (Pax) Rehd. in Bailey, Stand.

Cyclop. Hort. 1: 203. 1914.

fAcer saccharum var. glaucum (Pax) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 77:

233. 1919.

Acer barbatum glaucum (Pax) Bush, Amer. Midland Nat.

11: 116. 1928.

Acer barbatum rugelii (Pax) Bush, Amer. Midland Nat. 11:

116, 1928.

Acer barbatum schneckii (Rehd.) Bush, Amer. Midland Nat.

11: 116. 1928.

Acer subglaucum Bush, Amer. Midland Nat. 12: 502. 1931.

Acer subglaucum rugelii (Pax) Bush, Amer. Midland Nat.

12: 503. 1931.

Acer subglaucum schneckii (Rehd.) Bush, Amer. Midland

Nat. 12: 503. 1931.

Acer treleaseanum Bush, Amer. Midland Nat. 12: 502.

1931.

Saccharodendron saccharum (Marsh.) Moldenke, Rev.

Sudamer. de Bot. 5: 2. 1937.

Acer saccharophorum var. rugelii (Pax) Rousseau, Nat.

Canad. 67: 220. 1940.

Acer saccharophorum var. schneckii (Rehd.) Rousseau, Nat.

Canad. 67: 220. 1940.

Acer nigrum var. pseudoplatanoides (Pax) Fosberg, Amer.

Midland Nat. 26: 695. 1941; as "f. var.'' Fosberg in

Fosberg & Walker, Castanea 6: 117. 1941.

Acer saccharophorum K. Koch var. subvestitum MarieVictorin & Rolland, Montréal Univ. Inst. Bot. Contrib. 42 :

17, figs. 5-8. 1942.

Acer harhatiim, A, lettcoderme, ñná A, nigrum all are closely related

to A, saccharum and possibly should be regarded as varieties of the latter.

DERIVATION.—Sugar, referring to the sweetish sap, from which

maple sugar is made.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—hard maple (lumber), rock maple.

RANGE.—Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Quebec, west to

Ontario, southwestern Manitoba, and Minnesota, south to Iowa,

eastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and northeastern Texas, east

to Louisiana and northern Georgia, and north to Virginia and

New Jersey. Also local in southeastern North Dakota

(formerly?), northeastern South Dakota, and central Oklahoma.

REFERENCES.—^Anderson, Edgar, and Hubricht, Leslie. The

American sugar maples. I. Phylogenetic relationships, as

deduced from a study of leaf variation. Bot. Gaz. 100: 312-323,

illus. 1938.

Dansereau, Pierre, and Desmarais, Yves. Introgression in

sugar maples—IL Amer. Midland Nat. 87: 146-161, illus.

1947.

Gleason, H. A. The preservation of well known binomials.

Phytologia 2: 201-212. 1947.
42 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Phytologia 2: 460-463. 1948.

Mackenzie, Kenneth K. Technical name of sugar maple.

Rhodora 28: 233-234. 1926.

Marie-Victorin, Frère, and Rousseau, Jacques. Univ. Montreal Inst. Bot. Contrib. 36: 36-37. 1940.

Rousseau, Jacques. L'histoire de la nomenclature de TAcer

saccharophorum Koch (A. saccharum Marsh.) depuis 1753. Nat.

Canad. 67: 161-200, 201-224, illus. 1940.

Sprague, T. A. The botanical name of the sugar maple. Kew

Roy. Bot. Gard. Bul. Misc. Inform. 1929: 81-82. 1929,

Acer saccharum var. sinuosum (Rehd.) Sarg., see A. grandidentatum var. sinuosum (Rehd.) Little

Acer sacchatum Mill., see A. saccharinum L.

Acer sinuosum Rehd., see A. grandidentatum var. sinuosum

Rehd.) Little

Acer spicatum Lam. fmountain maple

iAcer spicatum Lam., Encyl. Méth. Bot. 2: 381. 1788.

DERIVATION.—Spiked, referring to the elongated spikelike inflorescence.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Quebec to central Ontario, central

Manitoba, and eastern Saskatchewan, south to Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, central Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New

Jersey. Also south in mountains to northern Georgia.

Acer stenocarpum Britton, see A. rubrum L.

Acer subglaucum Bush, see A. saccharum Marsh.

Acer torreyi Greene, see A. glabrum Torr.

Acer treleaseanum Bush, see A. saccharum Marsh.

Acer tripartitum Nutt., see A, glabrum Torr.

Achras L. (Family Sapotaceae) achras

_ fAchras L., Sp. PI. 1190. 1753 ; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 497. 1754 ;

in part.

fMimusops L., Sp. PI. 349. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 165.

1754.

Sapota Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 3. 1754; in

part.

Achras L. emend. Loefl. ex L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 988, 1381.

1759. Nom. conserv. propos,, Little, Brittonia 7: 48-49.

1949.

Manilkara Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 116. 1763. Emend. Gilly,

Yale Univ., School Forestry Trop. Woods 73: 8. 1943.

DERIVATION.—Ancient Greek name for the wild ancestor of

the common pear (Pyrus communis L.) iii accord with a fre-
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 43

Quent usage of Linnaeus in transferring classical plant names to

other genera.

REFERENCES.—Cronquist, Arthur. Studies in the Sapotaceae

—IV. The North American species of Manilkara. Torrey Bot.

Club Bui. 72: 550-562. 1945.

Gilly, Charles L. Studies in the Sapotaceae, II. The

Sapodilla—^lííspero complex. Yale Univ., School Forestry Trop.

Woods 73: 1-22. 1943.

Monachino, Joseph V. The South American Species of Manilkara. Phytologia 4: 94-118. 1952.

Achras emarginata (L.) Little fwild-diUy

Sloanea emarginata L., Sp. PI. 512. 1753.

Achras zapotilla ß parvifolia Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 28.

1849.

Mimusops jaimiqui Wright in Griseb., Cat. PI. Cub. 64.

1866.

Achras bahamensis Baker in Hook., Icon. PI. 18: pi. 1795.

1888.

^Mimusops parvifolia (Nutt.) Radlk. ex Pierre, Not. Bot.

Sapot. 37. 1891. Not Mimusops parvifolia R. Br., Prodr.

FL Nov. Holl. 1: 531. 1810. Not Mimusops parvifolia

Kurz, Forest Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 124. 1877.

Mimusops emarginata (L.) Britton, Torreya 11: 129. 1911.

Manilkara jaimiqui (Wright) Dubard, Col. Inst. Mars. Ann.,

Ser. 3, 3: 16. 1915.

Manilkara emarginata (L.) Britton & Wils., Sei. Surv. Puerto

Rico 6: 366. 1926. Not Manilkara emarginata H. J.

Lam, Buitenzorg Jard. Bot. Bul., Ser. 3, 7: 241. 1925.

Manilkara bahamensis (Baker) Lam & Meeuse, Blumea 4:

351, 354. 1941.

Manilkara jaimiqui subsp. emarginata (L.) Cronquist,

Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 73: 467. 1946.

Achras emarginata (L.) Little, Rhodora 49: 292. 1947.

DERIVATION.—Emarginate, the leaves with a small notch at

the apex.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^wild sapodilla.

RANGE.—Cape Sable at southern end of Florida and Florida

Keys. Also Bahama Islands, Cuba, and Hispaniola. Reported

from Puerto Rico.

At one time referred to Mimusops seiberi A. DC, of the West

Indies.

REFERENCES.—Britton, N. L. The botanical name of the wild

sapodilla. Torreya 11: 128-129. 1911.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. The name of the wild dilly of Florida.

Rhodora 49: 289-293. 1947.

ACHRAS ZAPOTA L. ISAPODILLA

-^Achras zapota L., Sp. PI. 1190. 1753; in part. Emend.

L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 988. 1759.

Achras zapota ß zapotilla Jacq., Stirp. Amer. 57, pi. 41. 1763.
44 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Sapota achras Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Sapota No. 1. 1768.

Achras zapotilla P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica Ed. 2,

Index. 1789.

Achras zapotilla Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 28, pi. 90. 1849.

Manilkara zapotilla (Jacq.) Gilly, Yale Ui:iiv., School Forestry

Trop. Woods 73: 20. 1943.

The scientific name for this species has been the subject of considerable

controversy. In the article cited below, Gilly rejected Achras L. (1753, 1754)

as a nomen ambiguum et confusum and took up Manilkara Adans. Under his

interpretation the scientific name of the sapodilla becomes Manilkara zapotilla (Jacq.) Gilly. However, Achras zapota L. is the name now established

in use.

DERIVATION.—From the Mexican Indian name, sapote.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^nispero.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and sparingly naturalized

in southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also introduced

in West Indies, Mexico, Central America, northern South

America, and tropical portions of the eastern hemisphere. Native

in southern Mexico and Central America south to Costa Rica.

REFERENCES.—Cook, Orator F. Nomenclature of the sapote

and the sapodilla. U. S. Nati. Museum, Contrib. U. S. Nati.

Herbarium 16: 277-285, illus. 1913.

Gilly, Charles L. Studies in the Sapotaceae, II. The

Sapodilla—Níspero complex. Yale Univ., School Forestry Trop.

Woods 73: 1-22. 1943.

Lawrence, G. H. M. Gentes Herbarum 8: 59-61. 1949.

Pittier, Henry. Zapotes and zapotillas. U. S. Nati. Museum,

Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 18: 76-86, illus. 1914.

Ponce de León, Antonio. La denominación científica de los

zapotes. Soc. Cubana de Bot. Rev. 2: 116-122, illus. 1945.

Acoelorraphe H. Wendl., see Paurotis O. F. Cook

Acrodiclidium Nees, see Licaria Aubl.

Aesculus L. (Family Hippocastanaceae) buckeye

-fAesculus L., Sp. PL 344, 1753; Gen. Pl. Ed. 5, 161, 500.

1754.

DERIVATION.—^Ancient Latin name of a European oak or other

mast-bearing tree.

OTHER COMMON NAME,—^horsechestnut (SPN).

HYBRIDS.—Five hybrids of Aesculus in the 1927 Check List

are known only in cultivation and have not been included in

this list. They are: t-A. Xarnoldiana Sarg. (A. glabra X hybrida

DC.) ; fA. Xdupontii Sarg. (A. neglecta X pavia) ; t^. X

mutabilis (Spach) Schelle {A. discolor var. mollis X neglecta var.

georgiana) ; fA. X mutabilis var. induta Sarg. (A. discolor var.

mollis X neglecta) ; t-^. Xmutabilis var. penduliflora Sarg. (A.

discolor var, mollis X neglecta).

Aesculus arguta Buckl. Texas buckeye

Aesculus arguta Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 1860

[v. 12] : 443. 1860.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 45

Aesculus glabra var. arguta (Buckl.) Robins, in A. Gray,

Synopt. Fl. No. Amer. 1(1): 447. 1897; in part and

as to name.

Aesculus glabra var. buckleyi Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 14:

99. 1902; in part and as to name.

Aesculus buckleyi (Sarg.) Bush, Amer. Midland Nat. 12:

24. 1930.

DERIVATION.—Shining, or bright, perhaps referring to the

foliage. ^ X 1 m

RANGE.—Southern Oklahoma and eastern and central Texas

to Edwards Plateau.

A tall shrub or small tree, according to Bush (Amer. Midland Nat.

12: 21. 1930; as Aesculus buckleyi (Sarg.) Bush).

Aesculus austrina Small, see A. pavía L.

Aesculus buckleyi (Sarg.) Bush, see A. arguta Buckl.

Aesculus Xbushii Schneid.

Aesculus glabra X pavia

Aesculus Xbushii Schneid., lUus. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 251.

1909; as A. glabra X austrina?

Aesculus Xmississippiensis Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour.

2: 121. 1920; as A. glabra X pavia.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Benjamin Franklin

Bush (1858-1937), botanist of Missouri.

COMMON NAME,—^Arkansas buckeye (SPN).

RANGE.—Mississippi and Arkansas.

Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt, fCalifornia buckeye

Calothyrsus californica Spach, Ann. des Sei. Nat, Bot.,

Ser. 2, 2:62. 1834.

1[Aesculus californica (Spach) Nutt., in Torr. & Gray, Fl,

No. Amer. 1: 251. 1838.

DERIVATION.—Of California.

RANGE.—Northern to southern California in Coast Ranges and

Sierra Nevada foothills.

Aesculus discolor Pursh, see A, pavia L.

Aesculus georgiana Sarg., see A. sylvatica Bartr.

Aesculus glabra Willd. fOhio buckeye

1iAesculus glabra Willd., Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. 1: 405.

1809.

Aesculus pallida Willd., Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. 1: 406.

1809.

-fAesculus glabra pallida (Willd.) Kirchn. in Petzold &

Kirchner, Arboretum Muscav. 166. 1864.

Aesculus glabra var. arguta (Buckl.) Robins, in Gray,

Synopt. Fl. No. Amer. 1(1) : 447. 1897; in part.
46 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

IfAescultis glabra var. buckleyi Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 14:

99. 1902; in part.

fAesculus glabra var. leucodermis Sarg., Trees and Shrubs

2: 262. 1913.

Aesculus glabra var. sargenta Rehd., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 7: 241. 1926.

DERIVATION.—Glabrous, or hairless, referring to the foliage.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fetid buckeye.

RANGE.—^Western Pennsylvania and Ohio to Illinois, Iowa,

and southeastern Nebraska, south to central Oklahoma, and east

to Arkansas, northern Mississippi, central Alabama, and north

to eastern Tennessee and West Virginia.

IlYBRlD.'--Aesculu$ Xbushii Schneid. {A. glabra X pavia).

Aesculus hippocastanum L,, horsechestnut, which has been widely planted

across the United States, has escaped from cultivation in various places

in the Northeast but apparently is not naturalized. It is native in Balkan

Peninsula of southeastern Europe. Mentioned in a note in the 1927 Check

List.

Aesculus X mississippiensis Sarg., see A. Xbushii Schneid.

Aesculus neglecta Lindl., see A. sylvatica Bartr.

Aesculus octandra Marsh. fyellow buckeye

^Aesculus octandra Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 4. 1785.

Aesculus octandra var. virginica Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 2: 119. 1920.

fAescuhis octandra var. vestita Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 5: 42. 1924.

DERIVATION.—^With eight stamens.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—sweet buckeye.

RANGE.-—Southwestern Pennsylvania, Ohio, southern Indiana,

and southern Illinois, south to northern Alabama, northern

Georgia, and western North Carolina, and north to West Virginia.

Aesculus pallida Willd., see A. glabra Willd.

Aesculus pavia L. fred buckeye

-fAesculus pavia L., Sp. PI. 344. 1753.

ÎAescuhis discolor Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 255. 1814.

Pavia mollis Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 71. 1838.

Aescultis austrina Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui, 28: 359.

1901.

fAesculus discolor var. mollis (Raf.) Sarg., Trees and Shrubs

2: 267. 1913.

Aesculus discolor Pursh and A. discolor var. mollis (Raf.) Sarg, have

been reduced to synonymy by Coker and Totten (Trees Southeast. States

286. 1934) and Brown (La. Trees Shrubs 175. 1945) and were not mentioned

by Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 822. 1933). However, Fernald (Gray's Man.

Bot. Ed. 8, 989. 1950) recognized A. discolor.

DERIVATION.—Old generic name of buckeye honoring Peter

Paaw (died 1617), of Leyden.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—tscarlet buckeye, fwoolly buckeye,

firecracker-plant.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 47

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to northern

Florida and eastern and central Texas west to Edwards Plateau,

and north in Mississippi Valley to southeastern Oklahoma, southeastern Missouri, and southern Illinois.

HYBRID»—Aesculus Xbushii Schneid. (A. glabra X pavia).

Aesculus sylvatica Bartr. painted buckeye

Aesculus sylvatica Bartr., Trav. No. So. Car. Ga. Fla. 476.

1791.

"^Aesculus neglecta Lindl., Edwards' Bot. Reg. 12: No. 1009,

pi. 1009. 1826.

Aesculus georgiana Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 259, pi. 197.

1913.

Aescuhis georgiana var. pubescens Sarg., Trees and Shrubs

2: 259. 1913.

fAesculu^ neglecta var. pubescens (Sarg.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 5: 45. 1924.

Aesculus georgiana var. lanceolata Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 2: 120. 1920.

\Aesculus neglecta var. georgiana (Sarg.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 5: 45, 1924.

Aesculus neglecta var. lanceolata (Sarg.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 5: 46. 1924.

'\Aesculus neglecta var. tomentosa Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 5: 46. 1924.

DERIVATION.—Of the woods.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—dwarf buckeye, fGeorgia buckeye.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain and outer Piedmont from southeastern

Virginia to Georgia, Alabama, and northwestern Florida.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 46: 47-48. 1944.

Agati Adans., see Sesbania Scop.

AiLANTHUS Desf. (Family Simaroubaceae) AILANTHUS

Pongelion Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 319. 1763; nomen rejiciendum.

jfAilanthus Desf., Acad. Sei. Paris Mem. Math. Phys. 1786:

265, pl. 8. 1788; nomen conservandum.

DERIVATION.—Said to be from a Moluccan name meaning treeof-heaven, referring to the height of the tree.

AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA (Mill.) Swingle tAILANTHUS

Toxicodendron altissimum Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Toxicodendron No. 10. 1768.

Ailanthus glandulosa Desf., Acad. Sei. Paris Mém. Math.

Phys. 1786: 265, pl. 8. 1788.

iAilanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour.

6: 495. 1916.

Ailanthus peregrina (Buc'hoz) Barkley, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann.

24: 264, pl. 9. 1937.

DERIVATION.—Very tall.
48 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—treeofheaven ailanthus (SPN),

tree-of-Heaven, copal-tree.

RANGE.—Cultivated and widely naturalized as a "weed'' tree

from Massachusetts to southern Ontario, Iowa, and Kansas, south

to southern Texas and Florida and established to a lesser extent in

western United States from southern Rocky Mountains to Pacific

States. Native of China but established elsewhere from cultivation.

ALBIZIA Durazz. (Family Leguminosae) ' ALBIZZIA

iAlbizia Durazz., Mag. Tose. 3(4) : 10, 13, pi 1772.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to Cavalier Filippo degF Albizzi, of

an old and noble Italian family and who introduced this genus

into Europe.

The original spelling *'Albizia" should be restored for this

genus, though ''Albizzia" has been in general use and was in the

1927 Check List.

REFERENCE.—Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Rose, Joseph Nelson.

Albizzia. No. Amer. Fl. 23: 43-48. 1928.

ALBIZIA JULIBRISSIN Durazz. fsiLKTREE

^Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Mag. Tose. 3(4): 10, 11, 13,

pi. 1772 ; as ''iulibrissin/' except on pi.

DERIVATION.—From the native Persian name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—silktree albizzia (SPN), mimosa-tree.

RANGE.—^Widely planted for ornament and escaped from

cultivation, from Maryland to Kentucky and Indiana, south to

Louisiana and Florida. Native from Persia to China.

ALBIZIA LEBBEK (L.) Benth. LEBBEK

Mimosa lebbek L., Sp. PL 516. 1753; as 'Hebbeck."

Acacia lebbek [L.] Willd., Sp. PI. 4: 1066. 1806; as ''lebbeck."

Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth., Hook. London Jour. Bot. 3: 87.

ISU; as "Albizzia."

DERIVATION.—^The Arabic common name.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—lebbek albizzia (SPN).

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation in the Florida Keys, according to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 653. 1933), and mentioned

in a note in the 1927 Check List, Native probably of tropical

Asia but widely planted in the tropics as a shade tree. Introduced from Egypt into southern Florida about 1900.

AInus B. Ehrh. (Family Betulaceae) alder

•fAlnus B. Ehrh., Oecon. Pflanzenhist. 2: 211. 1753.

DERIVATION.—^The classical Latin name of the alder.

Alniis acuminata H. B. K., see note under A. oblongîfolia Torr,

Alnus alnus (L.) Britton, see A. GLUTINOSA (L.) Gaertn.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 49

Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh, see note under A. sinuata (Keg.) Rydb.

Alnus Xfallacina Call, see A, serrulata (Ait.) Willd.

Alnus fruticosa Rupr., see note under A. sinuata (Reg.) Rydb.

ALNUS GLUTINOSA (L.) Gaertn. EUROPEAN ALDER

Betula alnus L., Sp. PL 983. 1753.

Betula alnus a glutinosa L., Sp. PI. 983. 1753.

Betula glutinosa L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1265. 1759.

Alnus rotundifolia Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Alnus No. 1.

1768.

-fAlnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. PI. 2: 54, pi. 90,

fig. 2. 1791.

Alnus alnus (L.) Britton in Britton & Brown, lUus. Fl.

North. States Can. Ed. 2, 1: 613, fig. 1509. 1913.

DERIVATION.—Gummy, or gluey, referring to the young twigs

and young leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^black alder, fEuropean black alder.

RANGE.—Naturalized locally from Newfoundland and southeastern Canada south to Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.

Native of Europe, northern Africa, and Asia.

Alnus incana (L.) Moench, see note under A. rugosa (Du Roi)

Spreng.

Alnus marítima (Marsh.) Muhl. fseaside aider

Betula-alnus maritima Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 20. 1785.

^Alnus maritima (Marsh.) Muhl. ex Nutt, No. Amer. Sylva

1: 34, pi. 10 (bis). 1842.

DERIVATION.—Maritime, or seaside, because of its typical occurrence near the coast.

RANGE.—Delaware and eastern Maryland, and in southern

Oklahoma (Johnston and Bryan Counties).

Alnus noveboracensis Britton, see A. serrulata (Ait.) Willd.

Alnus oblongifolia Torr. Arizona alder

iAlnus oblongifolia Torr., U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. Bot. 204.

1859; as *'oblongifolius"

DERIVATION.—Oblong-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—New Mexican alder (SPN), fMexican

alder.

At one time not distinguished from A. acuminata H. B. K., of Mexico

and Central America.

RANGE.—Southwestern New Mexico to central Arizona, south

to northern Mexico (Sonora).

Alnus oregona Nutt., see A. rubra Bong.

Alnus Xpurpusii Call., see note under A. tenuifolia Nutt.
50 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

*AIiius rhombifalia Nutt. twhite alder

-fAlmcs rhombifolia Nutt, No. Amer. Sylva 1: 33. 1842.

Alnus rhombifolia var. bernardina Münz & Johnst., Torrey

Bot. Club Bui. 52: 222. 1925.

DERIVATION.—Rhombic-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Sierra alder (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern interior British Columbia, south in Idaho,

Washington, Oregon, and Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges of

California to northern Lower California.

Alnus rotundifolia Mill, see A. GLUTINOSA (L.) Gaertn.

*Alnus rubra Bong. fred alder

fAlnus rubra Bong., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mem,, Ser. 6, Sei,

Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 162. 1832. Not Betula-Alnus rubra

Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 20. 1785.

Alnus oregona Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 28, pi. 9. 1842.

Ahms rubra var. pinnatisecta Starker, Jour. Forestry 37:

415, fig. 1. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Red, the sapwood turning reddish when freshly

cut.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Oregon alder, western alder.

RANGE,—Pacific coast region from southeastern Alaska southeast to western British Columbia and south through western

Washington and western Oregon to southern California.

Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. speckled alder

Betula alnus (rugosa) Du Roi, Obs. Bot. 32. 1771.

Betula rugosa (Du Roi) Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 3: 21. 1788.

Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng., Syst. Veget. 3: 848. 1826.

Almis incana ß americana Reg., Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou Nouv.

Mém. 13: 155. 1861. (Monog. Betul. 97.)

Alnus incana var. tomophylla Fern, ex Rehd., Man, Cult.

Trees Shrubs 147. 1927.

Ahvus rugosa var. americana (Reg,) Fern., Rhodora 47: 350,

pis. 980-981. 1945.

Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) R. T.

Clausen, Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem. 291: 8.

1949.

This shrubby species sometimes becomes a small tree 15 to 26 feet hi^h.

Formerly it was included with the Eurasian species Alnus incana (L.)

Moench and its variety A. incana var. glauca Ait. f., and by some authors

not separated. Fernald in the reference cited below showed that the American alder is distinct. In the 1927 Check List A. incana was mentioned in a

footnote as a shrub. The name A. rugosa formerly was applied to Aw serrulata (Ait.) Willd.

DERIVATION.—^Wrinkled.

RANGE.—^Newfoundland and Labrador west to Hudson Bay

and central Saskatchewan, south to eastern North Dakota, northeastern Iowa, northern Indiana, northeastern Illinois, northern

Ohio, and Massachusetts, and in mountains to West Virginia

and Maryland.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 51

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. Eastern North American representatives of Alnus incana. Rhodora 47: 333-361, illus. 1945.

Alnus sernilata (Ait.) Willd. hazel alder

IBetula-Alnus rubra Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 20. 1785;

nornen subnudum,

Betula serruMa Ait., Hort. Kew. 3: 338. 1789.

Alnus serruMa (Ait.) Willd., Sp. PL 4(1) : 336. 1805.

Alnus rubra (Marsh.) Tuckerman, Amer. Jour. Sei. 45: 32.

1843. Not Alnus rubra Bong., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém.,

Ser. 6, Sei. Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 162. 1832.

Alnus noveboracensis Britton, Torreya 4: 124. 1904.

lAlnus Xfallacina Call., Report. Spec. Novarum Regni Veg.

10: 232. 1911; as A. rugosa X serrulata.

Alnus serrulata var. subelliptica Fern., Rhodora 47: 358, p!.

986. 1945.

DERIVATION.—Finely saw-toothed, referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^black alder, common alder, smooth

alder.

RANGE.—Southwestern Nova Scotia and central Maine, west

to New York, southern Michigan, Indiana, and Missouri, south

to southeastern Oklahoma, Louisiana, and northern Florida.

REFERENCE.—See Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng.

This shrubby species sometimes becomes a small tree to 26 feet high,

according to Fernald (Rhodora 47: 359. 1945), and reaches a height of 30

feet in Louisiana, according to Cocks (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 174.

1922). In the 1927 Check List it was omitted except for a reference to Alnus

noveboracensis Britton in a footnote. This species has generally been known

as A. rugosa. However, Fernald showed that the name A. rugosa (Du Roi)

Spreng, belongs instead to speckled alder, which had been included under

the Eurasian species A. incana (L.) Moench. The name A, serrulata

(Ait.) Willd. was adopted earlier by Britton and Shafer (No. Amer. Trees

261. 1908).

Alnus sînuata (Reg.) Rydb. fSitka alder

Alnus viridis ß sibirica lusus b sitchensis Reg., Soc. Nat.

Moscou Nouv. Mém. 13(2) : 138. 1861. (Monog. Betul,

80.)

Alnus viridis 8 sinuata Reg., Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou Bul.

38(2): 422. 1865.

-^Alnus sinuata (Reg.) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 24:

190. 1897.

Alnus sitchensis (Reg.) Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 14: 61, pi.

727. 1902.

Alnus fruticosa Rupr. var. sinuata (Reg.) Reg. ex Hultén,

Fl. Aleutian Is. 153. 1937.

Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh subsp. sinuxita (Reg.) Hultén, Fl.

Alaska Yukon, Lunds Univ. Ârssk. N. F. Avd. 2, 40(1) :

587. 1944.

Alnus crispa subsp. sinuata var. Zaciníaía Hultén, Fl. Alaska

Yukon, Lunds Univ. Ârssk. N. F. Avd. 2, 40(1): 589.

1944.

DERIVATION.—Sinuate, referring to the wavy-margined leaves.
52 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^mountain alder, wavyleaf alder.

RANGE.—Yukon to southern and western Alaska, southeast to

British Columbia and southwestern Alberta, and in the United

States from Washington to western Montana, south to northeastern and western Oregon and northern California. Also in

eastern Asia.

According to Raup (Arnold Arboretum Contrib. 6: 152. 1934) and others,

this species should be included in the shrubby species Alnus crispa (Ait,)

Pursh, American green alder, with which it intergrades in the far North.

A. sinuata also has been united with A, fmucosa Rupr., a shrub of eastern

Asia.

Alnus sitchensis (Reg.) Sarg., see A. sinuata (Reg.) Rydb.

Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. thinleaf alder

-fAlnus tenuifolia Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 32, pi. 10. 1842,

DERIVATION.—Thin-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fmountain alder, river alder, baraña.

RANGE.—Yukon to central and southern Alaska, southeast to

British Columbia and southwestern Saskatchewan, and in United

States from western Montana to Washington, south to Oregon

and in Sierra Nevada to central California and western Nevada,

and east to eastern Arizona and northern New Mexico.

By Raup (Arnold Arboretum Contrib. 6: 153. 1934) and others Alnus

tenuifalia has been regarded as a synonym of A. incana (L.) Moench. However according to Fernald (Rhodora 47: 333. 1945) the latter is a

Eurasian species.

A reported natural hybrid of Alnus tenuifolia with an unidentified species

is A, Xpurpusii Call. (ex. Schneid., Illus. Handb, Laubholzk. 1: 132. 1904;

&a **purpusi**; as A. rugosa X tenuifolia). It was discovered in British

Columbia by Carl Albert Purpus (1853-1941) and afterwards recorded from

Montana and Washington, outside the range of the other suspected parental

species.

Alvaradoa Liebm. (Family Simaroubaceae) alvaradoa

-fAlvaradoa Liebm., Naturhist. For. Kjöbenhavn Vidensk.

Meddel. 1853:100. 1854.

DERIVATION.—In commemoration of Pedro de Alvarado, an

explorer with Hernando Cortez' expedition in the conquest of

Mexico.

REFERENCE,—Cronquist, Arthur. Studies in the Simaroubaceae—IV. Resume of the American genera. Brittonia 5:

128-147. 1944.

Alvaradoa amorphoides Liebm. Mexican alvaradoa

-fAlvaradoa amorphoides Liebm., Naturhist. For. Kjöbenhavn

Vidensk. Meddel. 1853: 101. 1854.

Alvaradoa psilophylla Urban, Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni

Veg. 20: 304. 1924.

Alvaradoa amorphoides subsp. psilophylla (Urban) Cronquist, Brittonia 5: 135. 1944.

DERIVATION.—Like Amorpha, from the resemblance of the

leaves.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 53

RANGE.—Southern Florida, local in a few hammocks. Also

in Bahama Islands, Cuba, Mexico from Chihuahua and Sonora

southward, and Central America.

Amarolea Small, see Osmanthus Lour.

Amelanchier Med. (Family Rosaceae) fserviceberry

fAmehnchier Med., Phil. Bot. 1: 135, 155. 1789.

DERIVATION.—^The common name of a European species.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^juneberry, sarviceberry, shadblow,

shadbush.

In addition to the one named hybrid included here, various

other unnamed hybrids are common in this genus.

REFERENCES.-—Jones, George Neville. American species of

Amelanchier. 111. Biol. Monog. 20(2), 126 pp., illus. 1946.

Nielsen, Etlar L. A taxonomic study of the genus Amelanchier in Minnesota. Amer. Midland Nat. 22: 160-206, illus.

1939,

Amelanchier alabamensis Britton, see A. arbórea (Michx. f.)

Fern.

Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. saskatoon serviceberry

Aronia alnifolia Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PL 1: 306. 1818.

Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila.

Jour. 7: 22. 1834 ; nomen nudum.

Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. J. Roem., Fam.

Nat. Reg. Veg. Syn. Mon. 3: 147. 1847.

Amelanchier carrii Rydb., Brittonia 1: 98. 1931.

Amelanchier alnifolia var. dakotensis Nielson, Amer. Midland

Nat 22: 168, pi. 2a. 1939.

DERIVATION.—^With leaves like Alnus, or alder-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^juneberry, saskatoon, western shadbush.

RANGE.—^Western, Ontario, western Minnesota, eastern North

Dakota, and southern Manitoba northwest to Yukon, south to

southern Oregon, northern Utah, Colorado, central Nebraska,

and northwestern Iowa.

A shrub or small tree to 13 feet tall, according to G. N. Jones (111. Biol.

Monog. 20(2) : 68. 1946). In the 1927 Check List regarded as a shrub.

Amelanchier amabilis Wieg., see A. sanguínea (Pursh) DC.

Amelanchier arbórea (Michx. f.) Fern. downy serviceberry

Mespilus arbórea Michx. f.. Hist. Arbr. For. Amér. Sept.

3: 68, pi. 11. 1813.

Amelanchier alabamensis Britton in Britton & Shafer, No.

Amer. Trees 439, fig. 386. 1908.

Amelanchier arbórea (Michx. f.) Fern., Rhodora 43: 563,

pi. 672, fig. 2. 1941.

Amelanchier arbórea var. alabamensis (Britton) G. N. Jones,

111. Biol. Monog. 20(2) : 41. 1946,
54 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Fernald (Rhodora 43: 559-567, illus. 1941) has shown that the name

Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Med., by which this species has long been

known, should be applied to the shrubby species formerly known as A,

oblongifolia (Torr. & Gray) M. J. Roem.

DERIVATION.—^Tree-like.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—shadblow serviceberry (SPN),

fserviceberry.

RANGE.—New Brunswick, Maine, and southern Quebec, west

to southern Ontario, northern Michigan, and eastern Minnesota,

south to southeastern Nebraska, eastern Oklahoma, eastern Texas,

Louisiana, and northern Florida.

HYBRID.—Amelanchier Xgrandiflora Rehd. (.4, arbórea X

laevis).

Amelanchier australis Standl., see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier bakeri Greene, see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch) M. J. Roem. (Fam. Nat.

Reg. Veg. Syn. 3:145. 1847), Bartram serviceberry, is a severalstemmed shrub less than 10 feet high in the United States but

becomes a small tree in Nova Scotia, according to A. E. Roland.

Its range is from Labrador and Newfoundland to Quebec, Ontario, northern Michigan, and northeastern Minnesota, and south

in East to northeastern Pennsylvania, New York, and Maine.

Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Med., see note under A« arbarea

(Michx. f.) Fern.

Amelanchier carrii Rydb., see A. alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt.

Amelanchier covillei Standl., see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier crenata Greene, see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier elliptica A. Neis., see A, utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier ephemerotricha Suksd,, see A. florida Lindl.

Amelanchier florida Lindl. Pacific serviceberry

-[Amelanchier florida Lindl., Edwards' Bot. Reg. 19: No.

1589, pi. 1589. 1833.

Amelanchier ephemerotricha Suksd., Werdenda 1: 20. 1927.

Amelanchier ephemerotricha var. silvicola Suksd., Werdenda

1: 21. 1927.

Amelanchier vestita Suksd., Werdenda 1: 22. 1927.

Amelanchier florida var. humptulipensis G. N. Jones, Wash.

Univ. Pub. Biol. 5: 181. 1936.

DERIVATION.—Flowering, full of flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fwestern serviceberry.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from Alaska Peninsula (Katmai

region) of southern Alaska southeast to southwestern British

Columbia, western Washington, and northwestern California

(Mendocino County).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 55

REFERENCES.—Nielsen, Etlar L. The identity of Ämelanchier

florida Lindley. Madroño 4: 17-21, illus. 1937.

Nielsen, Etlar. A note concerning the identity of Amelanchier

florida Lindley and A. alnifolia Nuttall. Amer. Midland Nat.

22: 207-208. 1939.

Amelanchier goldmanii Woot & Standl, see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier Xgrandiflora Rehd.

Amelanchier arbórea X laevis

Amelanchier Xgrandiflora Rehd., Arnold Arboretum Jour.

2: 45. 1920 (Sept. 6); as A. canadensis [arbórea] X

laevis.

DERIVATION.—^Large-flowered.

COMMON NAME.—^apple serviceberry (SPN).

RANGE.—Recorded from New Hampshire to New York, southern Ontario, and Michigan, south to Missouri, Georgia, and

North Carolina. Also in cultivation.

Amelanchier huronensis Wieg., see A. sanguínea (Pursh) DC.

Amelanchier interior Nielsen inland serviceberry

Amelanchier interior Nielsen, Amer. Midland Nat. 22: 185,

pi. 13. 1939.

Amelanchier wiegandii Nielsen, Amer. Midland Nat. 22: 180,

pi. 10. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Inland.

RANGE.—Northern Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and northeastern Iowa.

A straggling shrub or small tree sometimes 26 to 83 feet high, described

in 1939.

Amelanchier jonesiana Schneid., see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier laevis Wieg, Allegheny serviceberry

Amelanchier laevis Wieg., Rhodora 14: 123, 154, pi. 96,

fig. 7. 1912.

DERIVATION.—Smooth, referring to the hairless foliage.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^juneberry, fserviceberry, shadbush.

RANGE.—Newfoundland west to southern Quebec, Maine, Ontario, and Minnesota, south to eastern Kansas, Missouri, Indiana,

Ohio, and Delaware and in mountains to Georgia and Alabama.

HYBRID.—Amelanchier Xgrandiflora Rehd. (A. arbórea X

laevis).

Amelanchier mormonica Schneid., see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier nitens Tidestrom, see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier oreophila A. Neis., see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier plurinervis Koehne, see A. utahensis Koehne
56 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Amelanchier prunifolia Greene, see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier purpusii Koehne, see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier rubescens Greene, see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. roundleaf serviceberry

Pyrus sanguinea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 340. 1814.

Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC., Prodr. 2: 633. 1825.

Amelanchier grandiflora Wieg., Rhodora 22: 149. 1920

(Oct. 29). Not Amelanchier Xgrandiflora Rehd., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 2: 45. 1920 (Sept. 6).

Amelanchier huronensis Wieg., Rhodora 22: 150. 1920.

Amelanchier amabilis Wieg., Rhodora 23: 48. 1921.

DERIVATION.—Bloody, from the red twigs.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—roundleaf juneberry, shore shadbush,

Huron serviceberry.

RANGE.—Maine and southern Quebec, west to New York, Ontario, and northern Minnesota, south to northern Iowa, southern

Michigan, northern Ohio, and New Jersey. Also in mountains

of western North Carolina.

A shrub or occasionally a small tree 10 to 23 feet high, according to

Nielsen (Amer. Midland Nat. 22: 170. 1939) and G. N. Jones (111. Biol.

Monog. 20(2): 60. 1946).

Amelanchier utahensis Koehne Utah serviceberry

Amelanchier utahensis Koehne, Wissensch. Progr. FalkRealgymnasiums Berlin 95: 25, pi. 2, fig. 20e. 1890.

Amelanchier alnifolia var. utahensis (Koehne) M. E. Jones,

Calif. Acad. Sei. Proc, Ser. 2, 5: 679. 1895.

Amelanchier prunifolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 21. 1899.

Amelanchier venulosa Greene, Pittonia 4: 21. 1899.

Amelanchier bakeri Greene, Pittonia 4: 128. 1900.

Amelanchier crenata Greene, Pittonia 4: 127. 1900.

Amelanchier rubescens Greene, Pittonia 4: 128. 1900.

Amelanchier elliptica A. Neis., Bot. Gaz. 40: 66. 1905.

Amelanchier oreophila A. Neis., Bot. Gaz. 40: 65. 1905.

Amelanchier mormonica Schneid., Illus. Handb. Laubholzk.

1: 740, fig. 414, n-o. 1906; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni

Veg. 3:182. 1906.

Amelanchier jonesiana Schneid., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni

Veg. 3: 182. 1906.

Amelanchier goldmanii Woot. & Standl., U. S. Nati. Mus.

Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 16: 131. 1913.

Amelanchier australis Standl., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 26:

116. 1913.

Amelanchier covillei Standl., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 27: 198.

1914.

Amelanchier plurinervis Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. 52: 277. 1915.

Amelanchier purpusii Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. 52: 277. 1915.

Amelanchier nitens Tidestrom, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 36 :

182. 1923.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 57

Amelanchier alnifolia var, covillei (Standl.) Jeps., Man. FL

PI. Calif. 510. 1925.

Amelanchier alnifolia var. venulosa (Greene) Jeps., Man.

FL PI. Calif. 510. 1925.

Amelanchier alnifolia var. nitens (Tidestrom) Munz, South.

Calif. Acad. Sei. Bul. 31: 65. 1932.

Amelanchier utahensis subsp. covillei (Standl.) Clokey,

Madroño 8: 57. 1945.

Amelanchier utahensis subsp. oreophila (A. Neis.) Clokey,

Madroño 8: 58. 1945.

Amelanchier alnifolia var. oreophila (A. Neis.) R. J. Davis,

Madroño 11: 144. 1951.

Most of the many specific names in the synonymy above were given to

shrubby variations of this widespread species.

DERIVATION.—Of Utah, where it was first distinguished.

RANGE.—Southeastern Wyoming to southern Montana, Idaho,

and southeastern Oregon, south to southern California, southern

New Mexico, and Trans-Pecos Texas (Guadalupe Mountains).

Also in northern Lower California, Mexico.

A shrub or small tree up to 16 feet high, according to G. N. Jones (111.

Biol. Monog. 20(2): 88. 1946).

Amelanchier venulosa Greene, see A. utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier vestita Suksd., see A. florida Lindl.

Amelanchier wiegandii Nielsen, see A. interior Nielsen

Amygdalus L., see Prunus L.

Amyris P. Br. (Family Rutaceae) amyris

^Amyris P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 208. 1756.

DERIVATION.—Probably a Latinized version of Greek words

meaning not myrrh, the author believing that the genus was

related to Old World myrrh but was not true myrrh.

Amyris balsamifera L. balsam amyris

•\Amyris balsamifera L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1000. 1759 ;

as''&aísamí/.''L., Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 496. 1762 ; as''oaZsamifera.''

DERIVATION.—Balsam-bearing.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fbalsam torchwood.

RANGE.—Coastal hammocks of southern Florida, north to central Florida (Volusia County). Also in West Indies, Mexico

(Sinaloa to Guerrero), and South America.

Amyris elemifera L. sea amyris

iAmyris elemifera L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1000. 1759;

as '^elemifer/'

Amyris marítima Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 23. 1760.

DERIVATION.—Bearing elemi, a fragrant resin or balsam.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—ftorchwood, candlewood, palo de tea.
58 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.^—Coastal hammocks of southern Florida, north to

central Florida (Volusia County), and Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies and Central America.

Anamomis Griseb., see Eugenia L.

Andira Lam. (Family Leguminosae) angelin

Vouacapotui Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane Franc., v. 2 (Sup.) :

9, pi. 373. 1775 ; nomen rejiciendum.

Andira Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 171. 1783; nomen

conservandum.

DERIVATION.—From the Brazilian name.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^angelintree (SPN).

Andira inermis (W. Wright) H. B. K. cabbage angelin

Geoffraea jamaicensis inermis W. Wright, Roy. Soc. London,

Phil. Trans. 67: 512, pi. 10. 1777; rejected as not a

binomial.

Geoffraea inermis W* Wright, Lond. Med. Jour. 8: 256.

1787.

Andira inermis (W. Wright) H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 6:

385. 1824.

Andira jamaicensis (W. Wright) Urban, Symb. Ant. Fund.

Fl. Ind. Occ. 4: 298. 1905.

DERIVATION.—^Unarmed; that is, without spines.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cabbage angelintree (SPN), moca.

RANGE.—Bahia Honda Key, southern Florida, according to

Small (Man. Fl. Southeast. U. S. 712. 1933), apparently rare

and local. This is the only known locality in the United States.

Also in West Indies and from central Mexico (Michoacán) south

through Central America to South America. Also recorded

from western tropical Africa.

Annona L. (Family Annonaceae) annona

fAnnona L., Sp. PI. 536, 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 241. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From the aboriginal Indian name.

This generic name has been spelled **Anona" by some authors, including

the 1927 Check List.

Annona glabra L. fpond-apple

iAnnona glabra L., Sp. PI. 537. 1753.

Annona palustris L., Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 757. 1762.

DERIVATION.—Glabrous, or hairless.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^alligator-apple, custard-apple.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also

widely distributed in tropical America, in West Indies and from

southern Mexico south through Central America to South

America. Also recorded from western Africa.

ANNONA SQUAMOSA L. SUGAR-APPLE

Annonxi sqtuimosa L., Sp. PI. 537. 1753.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 59

DERIVATION.—Covered with scales.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—sweetsop.

RANGE.—Naturalized on Florida Keys, according to Small

(Man. Southeast. Fl. 533. 1933), and mentioned in a note m

the 1927 Check List. Native of tropical America and widely

cultivated for its fruit and naturalized in tropical regions.

Apinus Neck., see Pinus L.

Aralia L. (Family Araliaceae) aralia

iAraUa L., Sp. PI. 273. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 134. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From the French-Canadian name.

Aralia spinosa L. fdevils-walklngstick

1i Aralia spinosa L., Sp. PI. 273. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Spiny.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^angelica-tree, Hercules-club, pricklyash.

RANGE.—New Jersey to Pennsylvania, western New York,

Ohio, southern Indiana, and southeastern Missouri, south to southeastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas, and east to northern

Florida. Also escaping from cultivation from southern New

England to Michigan and naturalized locally in Connecticut and

perhaps elsewhere.

Arbutus L. (Family Ericaceae) madrone

iArbutus L., Sp. PI. 395. 1753 ; Gen. PI. Ed. 5,187. 1754.

DERIVATION,—The classical Latin name of Arbutus unedo L.,

strawberry madrone, of southern Europe.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^madroño.

Arbutus arizonica (A. Gray) Sarg. Arizona madrone

Arbutus xalapensis H. B. K. var. arizonica A. Gray, Synopt.

Fl. No. Amer. Ed. 2, Sup., 2(1) : 396. 1886.

iArbutus arizonica (A. Gray) Sarg., Gard, and Forest 4:

317, fig. 54. 1891.

DERIVATION.—Of Arizona, where it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fArizona madroño.

RANGE.—^:Mountains of extreme southwestern New Mexico,

southern Arizona, and northern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua

to San Luis Potosí and Jalisco).

Arbutus menziesii Pursh Pacific madrone

fArbutus menziesii Pursh, Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 282. 1814.

DERIVATION,—Named for its discoverer, Archibald Menzies

(1754-1842), Scotch physician and naturalist who accompanied

Captain Vancouver on his voyage of discovery in the Northwest.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^madroño.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from southwestern British Columbia south to western Washington, western Oregon, and Coast

•
60 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U, S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Ranges and Sierra Nevada to central California and local in

southern California.

Arbutus texana Buckl. Texas madrone

fArbutus texana BuckL, Acad. Nat Sei. Phila. Proc. 1861

[v. 13] : 460. 1862.

Arbutus xalapensis H. B. K. var. texana (Buckl.) A. Gray,

Synopt. Fl. No. Amer. Ed. 2, Sup., 2(1): 397. 1886.

DERIVATION.—Of Texas, where it was first collected.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fTexas madroño.

RANGE.—Central Texas (Edwards Plateau) to Trans-Pecos

Texas, southeastern New Mexico (Guadalupe Mountains), and

northeastern Mexico (Nuevo León).

At one time united with Arbutus xalapensis H. B. K., of Mexico.

Arctostaphylos Adans. (family Ericaceae), manzanita, a genus of shrubs,

contains a few species in the Pacific Coast region that may have rare individuals becoming small trees. Sargent (Man. Trees No. Amer. Ed. .2, Corr.

910 pp., illus. 1926) omitted the genus. Sudworth (Forest Trees Pacif. Slope

418. 1908) in a footnote suggested that three or four species eventually

should be included among the Pacific trees. However, in the 1927 Check List

(p. 218, footnote), he excluded these treelike forms with some reluctance.

Certainly some individuals of Arctostaphylos reach larger size than do

several generally shrubby species accepted here as small trees, as heights of

12 to 20 feet (or even 25 feet) have been recorded. Trunks up to 1 foot

(rarely over 2 feet) in diameter have been reported. However, the trunks

are short and branch usually within 3 feet from the ground and thus do not

meet the definition of a tree, which should have a single trunk 3 inches

in diameter at breast height (4^^ feet above the ground). Further information is desired, particularly of any large individuals with single trunks.

Photographs, as well as botanical specimens, would be helpful for confirmation.

It seems best at present to postpone acceptance of Arctostaphylos as

trees until more evidence is available. These five species of the Pacific

Coast region which become treelike and which are to be sought as small

trees may be mentioned: A, columbiana Piper, hairy manzanita; A. diversifolia (Parry) Parry, toothed manzanita; A. glauca Lindl., bigberry manzanita; A, manzanita Parry, big manzanita; A. viscida Parry, whiteleaf

manzanita.

Ardisia Sw. (Family Myrsinaceae) ardisia

Katoutheka Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 159. 1763 ; nomen rejiciendum.

Wedela Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 502. 1763; nomen rejiciendum,

ilcacorea Aubl., Hist. PL Guiane Franc, v. 2, Sup.: 1, pi. 368.

1775; nomen rejiciendum.

Bladhia Thornstedt in Thunb. & Thornstedt, Nov. Gen. PI.

Part. Prim. 6, illus. 1781 ; nomen rejiciendum.

Ardisia Sw., Nov. Gen. PI. Prodr. 3, 48. 1788; nomen

conservandum.

DERIVATION.—From Greek ardis (arrow-point), referring to

the sagittate anthers.

Ardisia escallonioides Schiede & Deppe marbleberry

Cyrilla paniculata'Nntt., Amer. Jour. Sei. and Arts 5: 290.

1822.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 61

Ardisia escallonioides Schiede & Deppe ex Schlecht. & Cham.,

Linnaea 6: 393. 1831.

Ardisia pickeringii Torr. & Gray ex A. DC, Prodr. 8: 124.

1844.

ilcacorea paniculata (Nutt.) Sudw., Gard, and Forest 6:

324. 1893.

Ardisia paniculata (Nutt.) Sarg., Man, Trees No. Amer.

Ed. 2, 806. 1922. Not Ardisia paniculata Roxb., Fl.

Indica 2: 270. 1824. Not Ardisia paniculata (Roxb.) A.

DC., Prodr. 8: 139. 1844.

DERIVATION.—Like Escallonia Mutis, a genus of South American trees and shrubs with leathery leaves and showy flowers

named for Escallon, a Spanish traveler.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—marble ardisia (SPN), fmarlberry.

RANGE.—Hammocks of southern Florida and Florida Keys.

Also in West Indies and from northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas

and San Luis Potosí) southward to Guatemala.

REFERENCE.—Sargent, C. S. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 5:

48-49. 1924.

Argentacer Small, see Acer L.

Artemisia L. (Family Compositae) sagebrush

Artemisia L., Sp. PI. 845. 1753 ; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 367. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From the classical Greek and Latin name of mugwort, an Old World species. The name of that species, in turn,

derives (some say) from the Greek goddess Artemis (Roman,

Diana) or, according to others, Artemisia, wife of Mausolus,

King of Caria.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—wormwood (SPN).

Artemisia tridentata Nutt. big sagebrush

Artemisia tridentata Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans., Ser.

2, 7: 398. 1841.

DERIVATION.—Three-toothed, referring to the apex of the leaf.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—sage, black sage, blue sage, sagebrush,

basin sagebrush, common sagebrush.

RANGE.—Southwestern North Dakota and Montana west to

southern British Columbia and central Washington, south to

central Oregon, eastern and southern California, northern

Arizona, and northern New Mexico, and north to western

Nebraska and western South Dakota. Also in northern Lower

California.

This widespread species, probably the most abundant shrub in western

United States, rarely becomes a small tree and therefore is included here.

A few shrubby varieties have been named.

On favorable moist sites Artemisia tridentata has been recorded as a

small tree as much as 12 to 20 feet high with a single trunk 4 to 14 inches

d. b. h., though irregular in shape. Preston (Rocky Mt. Trees 280-281,

pi. 1940) accepted this species as reported to reach tree size in southern

Colorado and New Mexico. Billings (Nevada Trees. Nev. Univ. Agr. Ext.

Serv. Bui. 94:, 85. 1945) also cited this species as a small tree in Nevada.

Joseph H. Robertson likewise has called attention to this species as a tree

in Nevada, as has R. F. Daubenmire in Wyoming.
62 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Asimina Adans. (Family Annonaceae) pawpaw

fAsimina Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 365. 1763.

DERIVATION.—From the American Indian name.

Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal pawpaw

Annona triloba L., Sp. PI. 537. 1753.

fAsimina triloba (L.) Dunal, Monog. Anon. 83. 1817.

DERIVATION.—^Three-lobed, doubtless referring to the threeparted perianth with three sepals and two rows of three petals

each.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—common pawpaw (SPN).

RANGE.—New Jersey and western New York west to extreme

southern Ontario, southern Michigan, Illinois, southern Iowa,

and southeastern Nebraska, south to eastern Kansas and eastern

Texas, and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia.

Avicennia L. (Family Verbenaceae) black-mangrove

"^Avicennia L., Sp. PL 110. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 49.

1754.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Abu Sina, Latinized as Avicenna

(980-1036), of Bokhara, a distinguished oriental physician and

philosopher.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fblackwood.

REFERENCE.—^Bakhuizen van den Brink, R. C. Revisio generis

Avicenniae (cum annotationibus diversis). Buitenzorg Jard.

Bot. BuL, Ser. 3, 3: 199-226, illus. 1921.

Avicennia nítida Jacq. black-mangrove

fAvicennia nitida Jacq., Enum. PL Carib. 25. 1760.

DERIVATION.—Shining, referring to the bright evergreen leaves.

RANGE.—Coasts of southern to northern Florida (north to St.

Johns and Levy Counties) and coast from southern Louisiana to

southeastern and southern Texas. Also widely distributed on

coasts of West Indies, Mexico (Tamaulipas and Lower California

southward). Central America, South America, and Africa.

Baccharis L. (Family Compositae) baccharis

iBaccharis L., Sp. PL 860. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 370.

1754.

DERIVATION.—^Ancient Greek name of a plant with a fragrant

root.

iBaccharis glomeruliflora Pers. (Synops. PL 2: 423. 1807),

southern baccharis, distributed along the coast from North Carolina to southern Florida and in West Indies, was accepted in

the 1927 Check List. Pending further evidence it is here considered as a shrub not meeting the raised minimum limits of a

tree. Small (Fla. Trees 102. 1913) included this species as

becoming 10 feet tall, but later he (Man. Southeast. Flora 1398.

1933) cited it as a shrub of the same height. Sudworth added
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 63

it to the 1927 Check List (p. 237) on authority of Small that

it reached 4 inches in trunk diameter in Florida.

Baccharis halimifolia L. eastern baccharis

fBaccharis halimifolia L., Sp, PL 860, 1753.

DERIVATION.—^With leaves of Halimus, an old synonym of saltbush, Atriplex.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fgroundsel-tree, sea-myrtle.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, generally near coast, from Massachusetts south to southern Florida and west to southern Texas.

Batodendron Nutt., see Vaccinium L.

Betula L. (Family Betulaceae) birch

Wetula L., Sp. PI. 982. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 422. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name of birch.

REFERENCES.^—Butler, Bertram T. The western American

birches. Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 36: 421-440, illus. 1909.

Fernald, M. L. Some North American Corylaceae (Betulaceae). I. Notes on Betula in eastern North America. Rhodora

47: 303-329, illus. 1945.

fBetula Xjackii Schneid. (B. lenta X pumila), included in the

1927 Check List, is omitted here because it is a hybrid known

only in cultivation.

BetuUi alaskana Sarg., see B. papyrifera var. humilis (Reg.) Fern.

& Raup

*BetuIa alleghaniensis Britton fyellow birch

Wetula lutea Michx. f., Hist. Arbr. For. Amér. Sept. 2: 152,

pi. 5. 1812; as to description; nom. illegit

Betula alleghaniensis Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 31:

166. 1904.

Betula lutea alleghaniensis (Britton) Ashe, Charleston Mus.

Bul. 14: 11. 1918.

Betula lutea var. macrolepis Fern., Rhodora 24: 170: 1922.

Betula lutea var. alleghaniensis (Britt.) Rehd., Bibliog. Cult.

Trees Shrubs 96. 1949.

The familiar name Betula lutea Michx. f. must be rejected because

technically it was superfluous when published, being originally proposed

as a new name for B. excelsa Ait., which had been misapplied by other

authors to this species.

DERIVATION.—Of the Allegheny Mountains.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—birch (lumber), gray birch, silver

birch, swamp birch.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and southern Quebec to Maine, Ontario, northern Michigan, southeastern Manitoba, and Minnesota,

south to northeastern Iowa, northern Illinois, northern Ohio, and

Delaware, and in mountains to North Carolina, northern Georgia

and Tennessee. '

BYTSRU).—Betula Xpurpusii Schneid. (B. alleghaniensis X

pumila var. glandulifera).
64 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S, DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Betula andrewsii A. Neis., see B. papyrifera Marsh.

Betula beeniana A. Neis., see B. Xhornei Butler

Betula borealis Spach (Ann. des Sei. Nat., Bot., Ser. 2,15: 196.

1841; formerly referred to Betula microphylla Bunge of Asia),

generally an upright to depressed shrub 1 to 6 feet high, has

been recorded also as a shrubby small tree (size not stated) by

Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 536. 1950). Range from

Newfoundland and Labrador to Ungava, south to northern Vermont, Maine (Mount Katahdin), and Cape Breton Island.

Perhaps not reaching tree size in the United States.

Betula Xcaerulea Blanchard

Betula caerulea-grandis X populifolia

iBetula caerulea Blanchard, Betula 1(1) : [1]. 1904 (May

7).

Originally described as a species but reduced to a hybrid by Fernald

(Rhodora 24: 172. 1922) and by Woodworth (Bot. Gaz. 87: 336. 1929).

DERIVATION.—Sky-blue.

COMMON NAMES.—^blueleaf birch (SPN), blue birch.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia, Maine, Vermont, and elsewhere within

range of both parent species.

Betula caerulea-grandis Blanchard fWueleaf birch

Betula caerulea-gravMs Blanchard, Betula 1(1): [1] 1904

(May 7).

Betula caerulea var. grandis Blanchard, Betula 1 (2) : [3]

1904 (May 13).

iBetula caerulea var. blanchardi Sarg., Man. Trees No.

Amer. 202, fig. 168A. 1905.

DERIVATION.—Literally blue-large; apparently a typographical

error for a large variety of Betula caerulea.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Blanchard birch (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern Quebec south to eastern New York, Maine,

and Nova Scotia.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 24: 171-173. 1922.

HYBRID.—Betula Xcaerulea Blanchard (J5. caerulea-grandis

X populifolia).

Betula Xcommixta Sarg., see B. Xeastwoodiae Sarg.

Betula cordifolia Reg., see B. papyrifera var. cordifolia (Reg.)

Fern.

Betula Xeastwoodiae Sarg. Yukon birch

Betula glandulosa X papyrifera var. humilis

fBetula eastwoodae Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 216. 1919.

Betula Xcommixta Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 216. 1919; as B.

alaskana X glandulosa^

Betula glandulosa X resinífera {Betula eastwoodae Sarg.) ;

Hultén, FI. Alaska Yukon, Lunds Univ. Ârssk. N. F. Avd.

2, 40(1): 575. 1944.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 65

One of the parental species, Betula glandulosa Michx., resin

birch, is a shrub.

DERIVATION.—Named for Alice Eastwood, California botanist,

who collected the type specimen in 1914.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—tAlaska red birch.

RANGE.—^illberta, Yukon, and Alaska.

Betula fontinalis Sarg., see B. occidentalis Hook.

Betula guthriei Sudw., see B, occidentalis Hook.

Betula Xhornei Butler Home birch

Betula nana X papyrifera

Betula hornei BvLtleYy Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 36: 425. 1909.

Betula kenaica X nana exilia {Betula hornei Butler) ; Hultén,

Fl. Alaska Yukon, Lunds Univ. Ârssk. N. F. Avd. 2, 40

(1) : 577. 1944.

Betula beeniana A. Neis., Amer. Jour. Bot. 32: 284. 1945.

Betula nana exilis X resinifera (B. beeniana A. Neis.) ; J.

P. Anderson, Fl. Alaska, Iowa State Col. Jour. Sei. 20:

219. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Named for W. T. Hörne, who discovered it in

1902.

RANGE.—Central and southern Alaska.

In Alaska, Betula nana L., dwarf arctic birch, a low shrub, hybridizes

with both B, papyrifera var. humilis and B, papyrifera var. kenaica to

produce intermediate birches varying in size froni shrubs to small trees.

These two crosses were originally described as tree species, B, beeniana and

i?. hornei, respectively. However, as one binomial is sufficient to include

hybrids between the different varieties of two parental species, the older

name B, xhornei is adopted here.

Betula kenaica W. H. Evans, see B. papyrifera var. kenaica (W. H.

Evans) Henry

*Betula lentai L. fsweet birch

Betula lenta var. lenta sweet birch (typical)

^Betula lenta L., Sp. PL 983. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Flexible or tough, referring to the twigs.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^birch (lumber), black birch, cherry

birch.

RANGE.—Southern Maine to New York, extreme southern

Quebec, and southern Ontario, south to eastern Ohio, Maryland,

and Delaware and in mountains to northern Alabama and northern (Georgia.

Betula lenta var. über Ashe

Betula lenta var. über Ashe, Rhodora 20: 64. 1918.

Betula über (Ashe) Fern., Rhodora 47: 325, pi. 974, figs.

1-5. 1945.

DERIVATION.—Fruitful.
66 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Southwestern Virginia (Smyth County).

A poorly known local variety meriting additional study.

Betula lutea Michx., see B. alleghaiiiensis Britton

Betula microphylla Bunge, see note under B. occidentalis Hook.

Betula montanensis Butler, see B. papyrifera var. commutata

(Reg.) Fern.

Betula neoalaskana Sarg., see B. papyrifera var. humilis (Reg.)

Fern. & Raup

Betula nigra L. friver birch

-fBetula nigra L., Sp. PI. 982. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Black.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^black birch, red birch, water birch.

RANGE.—Connecticut, southern New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio,

Indiana, southwestern Wisconsin, and southeastern Minnesota,

south to eastern Iowa, southeastern Kansas, and eastern Texas,

and east to northern Florida. Also local in New England northeast to southeastern New Hampshire.

Betula occidentalis Hook. water birch

Betula occidentalis var. occidentalis water birch (typical)

Betula occidentalis Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 155. 1839.

fBetula fontinalis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 239. 1901.

Betula utahensis Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 31: 165.

1904.

Betula papyrifera var. occidentalis (Hook.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 63. 1919.

Betula fontinalis var. inopina (Jeps.) Jeps., Man. Fl. PI.

Calif. 270. 1923.

Wetula guthriei Sudw., Amer. Forests and Forest Life 33 :

286, fig. 1927.

Betula papyrifera subsp. occidentalis (Hook.) Hultén, Fl.

Alaska Yukon, Lunds Univ. Ârssk. N. F. Avd. 2, 40(1) :

582. 1944.

Fernaid (Rhodora 47: 312-517, illus. 1945) showed thoX Betula occidentalis Hook, is the correct name for the water birch, which has been

known as B. fontinalis Sarg. It was necessary to reject B, papyrifera var.

occidentalis (Hook.) Sarg, for the western paper birch and to take up for

it the name B, papyrifera var. coonmutata (Reg.) Fern. Raup (Arnold

Arboretum Contrib. 6: 152. 1934) and a few other authors listed B. fontinalis as a synonym of the Asiatic species, B. microphylla Bunge.

DERIVATION.—^Western.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^black birch, fred birch.

RANGE.—Southwestern Manitoba and southern Saskatchewan

west to northeastern British Columbia, south to Washington,

Oregon, and in Sierra Nevada to central California, east to southern Nevada (Charleston Mountains), northeastern Arizona, and

northwestern New Mexico, and north to Black Hills and North

Dakota.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 67

Betula occidentalis var. fecunda Fern.

Betula piperi Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 31: 165. 1904;

as to description but not type.

-fBetula fontinalis var. piperi (Britton) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 65. 1919; in part.

Betula occidentalis var. fecunda Fern., Rhodora 47: 317, pi.

966. 1945.

DERIVATION.—^Fertile, apparently because of the clustered,

slender flower clusters.

COMMON NAME.—fred birch.

RANGE.—^Western Montana to eastern Washington.

Betula papyrifera Marsh. fpaper birch

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—canoe birch, silver birch, white birch.

RANGE.—^Widely distributed from Newfoundland and Labrador

across Canada to northwestern Alaska, south in northwestern

United States to northern Washington, east to northwestern

Montana, and south in northeastern United States from northern

North Dakota to Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, northern Illinois,

Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New England. Also local southward to northwestern Oregon, northern Colorado, and northern

Nebraska, and in East in northwestern Indiana, West Virginia,

and western North Carolina.

HYBRIDS.—Betula Xeastwoodiae Sarg. (B. gUmdulosa X

papyrifera var. humilis) ; B. Xhornei Butler (B. nana X papyrifera) ; B. Xsandbergii Britton (B. papyrifera X pumila var^

glandulifera).

Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera paper birch (typical)

-fBetula papyrifera Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 19. 1785.

Betula alba e papyrifera (Marsh.) Spach, Ann. des Sei.

Nat, Bot, Ser. 2, 15: 188. 1841.

Betula andrewsii A. Neis., Bot. Gaz. 43: 281, fig. 1907;

nomen provisorium.

Betula andrewsii A. Neis, in Coult. & Neis., New Man. Bot.

Central Rocky Mts. 140. 1909.

Betula papyrifera andrewsii (A. Neis.) Daniels, Fl. Boulder,

Colo. 101. 1911.

Betula alba var. elobata Fern., Rhodora 15: 169. 1913.

^Betula papyrifera var. elobata (Fern.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 63. 1919.

Betula papyrifera var. pensilis Fern., Rhodora 47: 318, pi.

967. 1945.

Betula papyrifera var. macrostachya Fern., Rhodora 47: 318,

pi. 968, figs. 1-3. 1945.

DERIVATION.—Paper-bearing, referring to the whitish papery

bark.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Labrador west to Manitoba, south

to northern North Dakota, Minnesota, and northeastern Iowa,

and east to northern Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York,
68 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

and New England. Local southward to Black Hills of South

Dakota and northeastern Wyoming, northern Colorado (Boulder

County), northern Nebraska, northwestern Indiana, and West

Virginia.

Betula papyrifera var. commutata (Reg.) Fern.

fwestem paper birch

Betula occidentalis Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 155. 1839; in

part.

Betula alba L. subsp. occidentalis (Hook.) Reg. ß commutata

Reg., Soc. Nat. Moscou Bul. 38(2): 401, pi. 7, figs. 6-10.

1865.

1Betula montanensis Butler, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 36: 438,

fig. 17. 1909.

fIBetula papyrifera var. montanensis (Butler) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 64. 1919.

•fBetula papyrifera var. occidentalis (Hook.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 63. 1919 ; in part.

Betula papyrifera subsp. occidentalis (Hook.) Hultén, Fl.

Alaska Yukon, Lunds Univ. Ârssk. N. F. Avd. 2, 40(1) :

582. 1944; in part.

Betula papyrifera var. commutata (Reg.) Fern., Rhodora

47: 312, pi. 965. 1945.

DERIVATION.—Changeable.

RANGE.—In Northeast from Labrador to southwestern Quebec,

south to northern New York, Massachusetts, and Nova Scotia.

In Northwest from Saskatchewan to western Northwest Territories, southern Yukon, and southeastern Alaska (northern part

from Junean to Skagway), south to Washington, northern Idaho,

and Montana. Also in central Nevada (Toiyabe Mountains, Lander

County), according to W. D. Billings (Nev. Univ. Agr. Ext. Serv.

Bui. 94: 50. 1945; as Betula papyrifera var. occidentalis),

Betula papyrifera var. cardifolia (Reg.) Fern.

mountain paper birch

Betula cordifolia Reg., Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou Nouv. Mem.

13: 86, pi. 12, figs. 29-36. 1861.

Betula alba subsp. papyrifera ß cordifolia (Reg.) Reg., Soc.

Imp. Nat. Moscou Bul. 38(2) : 401. 1865.

iBetula papyrifera var. cordifolia (Reg.) Fern., Rhodora

3: 173. 1901; without basonym; validated by Gray Herbarium Card-Index. Fern, ex Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 14:

55, pi. 724. 1902.

Betula papyrifera var. ß cordifolia (Reg.) Winkler, Pflanzenreich 19 (IV. 61) : 84. 1904.

DERIVATION.—Heart-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fpaper birch.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Labrador, west to Quebec and

central Ontario, south to northern Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan,

northern New York, and New England. Also in western North

Carolina (Black Mountains and Mount Mitchell).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 69

Betula papyrifera var. humilis (Reg.) Fern. & Raup

Alaska paper birch

Betula alba L. subsp. papyrifera var. y humilis Reg. in DC,

Prodr. 16(2): 166. 1868.

Betula alaskana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 236. 1901. Not B.

alaskana Lesq., U. S. Nati. Mus. Proc. 5: 446, pi. 6, fig.

14. 1883 (fossil, Miocene, Alaska).

IfBetuUi neoalaskana Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 206.

1922.

Betula papyrifera var. neoalaskana (Sarg.) Raup, Arnold

Arboretum Contrib. 6: 152. 1934.

Betula papyrifera var. humilis (Reg.) Fern. & Raup, Rhodora

47: 321, pis. 971-972. 1945.

DERIVATION.—Dwarf, or low-growing.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Alaska birch, fAlaska white birch,

canoe birch.

RANGE.—^Western Northwest Territories and Yukon, west to

northwestern Alaska, and south to southern (but not southeast)

Alaska, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan.

Another name misapplied to this variation is Betula resinífera (Reg.)

Britton (N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 2: 165. 1901), from B, alba subsp. verrucosa

var. resinífera Reg. (Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou Bul. 38(2): 398. 1865). However as the latter was based upon a specimen from eastern Siberia, the combination B, resinífera (Reg.) Britton must be retained for the Asiatic

plants.

Betula papyrifera var. kenaica (W. H. Evans) Henry

fKenai birch

fBetula kenaica W. H. Evans, Bot. Gaz. 27: 481. 1899.

Betula papyrifera var. kenaica (W. H. Evans) Henry in

Elwes & Henry, Trees Great Brit. Ireland 4: 984. 1909.

DERIVATION.—From Kenai Peninsula in southern Alaska.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Kenai paper birch (SPN), black

birch, red birch.

RANGE.—Central and southern Alaska, from Tanana and

Yukon Rivers, south to Katmai, Kodiak Island, and Kenai

Peninsula.

Betula papyrifera var. subcordata (Rydb.) Sarg.

northwestern paper birch

Betula subcordata Rydb. ex Butler, Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

36: 436, fig. 15. 1909.

-fBetula papyrifera var. subcordata (Rydb.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 63. 1919.

DERIVATION.—Slightly heart-shaped, referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fpaper birch.

RANGE.—^Alberta and British Columbia, and from eastern

Washington and northeastern Oregon (Wallowa Mountains) east

to northern Idaho and western Montana.

Betula piperi Britton, see B. occidentalis var. fecunda Fern.
70 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

*Betula populifolia Marsh. tgray birch

IfBetula populifolia Marsh., Arbustr, Amer. 19. 1785.

DERIVATION.—^Poplar-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^white birch, wire birch.

RANGE.—Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia to southern

Quebec and southern Ontario (west to Huron County), south to

Pennsylvania and Delaware. Also local in northwestern Indiana,

northern Ohio, and northern Virginia (Blue Ridge Mountains).

HYBRID.—Betula Xcaerulea Blanchard (B. caerulea-grandis

X populifolia).

Betula Xpurpusii Schneid. Purpus birch

Betula alleghaniensis X pumila var. glandulifera

fBetula Xpurpusii Schneid., lUus. Handb. Laubholzk. 1:

102. 1904 ; as B. lutea X pumila.

One of the supposed parental species, Betula pumila L. var. glandulifera

Reg., low birch, is a shrub.

DERIVATION.—Named for Joseph Anton Purpus (1860-1933)

of the Darmstadt Botanical Garden, Germany, who cultivated

this hybrid from material found by his brother in Michigan.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Minnesota birch (SPN).

RANGE.—Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois,

and Indiana.

REFERENCE.—See Betula Xsandbergii Britton

Betula resinifera (Reg.) Britton, see note under B. papyrifera

var. humilis (Reg.) Fern. & Raup

Betula Xsandbergii Britton Sandberg birch

Betula papyrifera X pumila var. glandulifera

'fBetula sandbergi Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 31: 166.

1904.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, John Herman Sandberg (1848-1917),

RANGE.—^Wisconsin to Minnesota, Saskatchewan, and Montana.

REFERENCES.—Rosendahl, C. 0. Observations on Betula in

Minnesota with special reference to some natural hybrids.

Minn. Bot. Stud. 4: 443-450, illus. 1916.

Rosendahl, C. O. Evidence of the hybrid nature of Betula

sandbergi. Rhodora 30: 125-129, illus. 1928.

This hybrid between a tree species and a shrub species is a shrub or

small tree up to 33 feet high.

Betula subcordata Rydb. ex Butler, see B. papyrifera var. subcordata (Rydb.) Sarg.

Betula über (Ashe) Fern., see B. lenta var. über Ashe

Betula utahensis Britton, see B, occidentalis Hook.

Biota (D. Don) Endl., see Thuja L.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 71

Bourreria P. Br, (Family Boraginaceae) strongbark

•fBourreria P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 168, pi. 15, fig.

2. 1756 ; nomen conservandum. Also spelled "Beiireria''

and ''Beurreria/' Not Beureria Ehret, PI. Papil. Rar. pi.

13. 1755.

Morelosia La Llave & Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. 1:1. 1824;

nomen rejiciendum.

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of J. A. Beurer, apothecary at

Nuremberg, Germany.

Bourreria ovata Miers Bahama strongbark

Wourreria ovata Miers, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4,

3: 203. 1869.

Formerly referred to B. havanensis (Roem. & Schult.) Miers.

DERIVATION.—Ovate, perhaps referring to the oval leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—ovalleaf strongbark (SPN), fstrongback.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies.

Bourreria revoluta H. B. K. rough strongbark

Bourreria revoluta H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 67. 1818; as

''BeurreriaJ'

Formerly referred to B, radula (Poir.) G. Don.

DERIVATION.—Revoluto or rolled back.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—rough strongback.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies and Mexico.

Not in 1927 Check List, though added here as a small tree or shrub,

according to Small (Man. Southeast Fl. 1129. 1933), Buswell (Native

Trees and Palms So. Fla. Miami Univ. Bui. 19(6): 44. 1945), and West

and Arnold (Native Trees Fla. 189, fig. 1946).

Brasiliopuntia (K. Schum.) Berger, see Opuntia Mill.

BROUSSONETIA L'Hér. (Family Moraceae) PAPER-MULBERRY

fPapyrius Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. Rec. PI. 4: pi. 762.

1798 ; plate without description ; nomen rejiciendum.

Broussonetixi L'Hér. ex Vent., Tabl. Regn. Veget. 3: 547.

1799; nomen conservandum. Not Broussonetia Ortega,

Hort, Matr. Dec. 61, pi. 7. 1798.

DERIVATION.—Named for Auguste Broussonet (1761-1807),

physician and naturahst of Montpellier, France.

BROUSSONETIA PAPYRIFERA (L.) Vent. IPAPER-MULBERRY

Morus papyrifera L., Sp. PI. 986. 1753.

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent., Tabl. Regn. Veget. 3 :

547. 1799. ^ ^ o

fPapyrus papyrifera (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 629. 1891.

DERnTATiON.—Paper-bearing, referring to the use of the inner

bark m making paper.
72 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

OTHER COMMON NAME.—common paper-mulberry (SPN).

RANGE.—Naturalized in eastern United States from New York

to Missouri and southeastern Kansas, south to eastern and southern Texas and Florida. Native of eastern Asia in Siam, Burma,

and China, possibly Japan, and perhaps elsewhere.

Bucida L. (Family Combretaceae) bucida

Buceras P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 221, pi. 23, fig. 1.

1756.

iBucida L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1025. 1759. Norn, conserv.

propos., Little, Madroño 7: 250. 1944 ; Brittonia 7: 47-48.

1949.

DERIVATION.—From ox, referring to the resemblance to ox

horns of the hornlike galls of the fruit caused by a mite,

Bucida buceras L. oxhorn bucida

fBucida buceras L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1025. 1759.

Buceras bucida Crantz, Inst. Rei Herbar. 1: 33. 1766; as

''Bvceras."

Terminalia buceras C. Wright in Sauv., Fl. Cub. 38, 1868.

DERIVATION.—Ox horn, suggested by the elongated fruit galls.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—black-olive, fblack olive-tree.

RANGE.—Upper Florida Keys. Also in West Indies, and from

southern Mexico (Campeche) through Central America to Panama.

Bumelia Sw. (Family Sapotaceae) bumelia

IRobertia Scop., Introd. Hist. Nat. 154. 1777; nomen rejiciendum.

bumelia Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PL Prodr. 3, 49. 1788 ; nomen

conservandum.

DERIVATION.—From an ancient Greek name for the European

ash.

REFERENCES.—Clark, Robert Brown. A revision of the genus

Bumelia in the United States. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 29: 155-182,

illus. 1942,

Cronquist, Arthur. Studies in the Sapotaceae, III. Dipholis

and Bumelia. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 26: 435-471. 1945.

Four tree species of Bumelia are accepted here, largely in accordance

with Cronquist's conservative monograph. A fifth native species is a low

shrub, B, reolinata (Michx.) Vent., of Florida and southern Georgia.

Bumelia angustifolia Nutt., see B. celastrina H. B. K.

Bumelia anómala (Sarg.) Clark, see B. tenax (L.) Willd.

Bumelia cassinifolia Small, see B, lycioides (L.) Pers.

Bumelia celastrina H. B. K. fsaffron-plum

Bumelia celastrina H. B. K., Nov. Gen, Sp. 7: 212, 1825.

Bumelia spiniflora DC. ex A. DC. in DC, Prodr. 8: 191.

1844.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 73

'^Bumelia angustifoUa Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 38, pi. 93.

1849.

Bumelia schottii Britten in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer.

Trees 777. 1908.

DERIVATION.—^From the ancient Greek name of an evergreen

tree.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—saffronplum bumelia (SPN), antswood, tropical buckthorn, downward-plum, coma.

RANGE.-~Coasts of central Florida south to Florida Keys and

in southern Texas. Also in Bahama Islands and Cuba and from

northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas and Nuevo León) south through

Central America to Colombia and Venezuela.

This species of southern Florida, long known as Bumelia angustifoUa

Nutt., has been united with two older Mexican species, B. celastrina H.

B. K. by Cronquist (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 26: 467. 1945) and B. spiniflora

A« DC. earlier by Standley (Trees Shrubs Mexico 1117. 1924).

Bumelia lacuum Small, see B. itenax (L.) Willd.

Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers. gum bumelia

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—wooUybucket bumelia (SPN), buckthorn, chittamwood, fgum elastic.

RANGE.—Southern Georgia and northern Florida, west to

Louisiana, southern Illinois, central Missouri, eastern and southern Kansas, and southern Arizona, south through Texas to

northern Mexico.

Bumelia laimginosa var. lanuginosa gum bumelia (typical)

Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 122.

1803.

•\Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers., Synops. PI. 1: 287.

1805.

Bumelia rufa Raf., New Fl. No. Amer. 3: 29. 1836.

DERIVATION.—^Woolly, referring to the young leaves.

RANGE.—Southern (Georgia and northern Florida, west to

southeastern Louisiana.

Bumelia lanuginosa var. albicans Sarg.

Bumelia ohlongifolia Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PI. 1: 135.

1818.

-^Bumelia lanuginosa var. albicans Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 2: 168. 1921.

Bumelia lanuginosa var. ohlongifolia (Nutt.) Clark, Mo. Bot.

Gard. Ann. 29: 165. 1942.

Bumelia lanuginosa subsp. ohlongifolia (Nutt.) Cronquist,

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 26: 453. 1945.

DERIVATION.—Becoming white, referring to the hairy leaves.

COMMON NAMES.—^gum wooUybucket bumelia (SPN), fgum

elastic.

RANGE.—Southeastern Illinois, central Missouri, easterrn aiid

southern Kansas, south to central and southern Texas, and east

to Louisiana. Also in northeastern Mexico (Nuevo León).
74 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Bumelia lanuginosa var. rígida A. Gray

fBumelia montícola Buckl., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 10: 90.

1883.

Bumelia texana Buckl., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 10: 91. 1883.

•fBumelia lanuginosa var. rigida A. Gray, Synopt. Fl. No.

Amer. Ed. 2, 2(1) : 68. 1886.

Bumelia rigida (A. Gray) Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 1 :

444. 1900.

Bumelia riograndis Lundell, Mich. Univ. Herbarium Contrib.

8: 77. 1942.

Bumelia lanuginosa subsp. rigida (A. Gray) Cronquist,

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 26: 453. 1945.

Bumelia lanuginosa subsp. rigida var. texana (Buckl.) Cronquist, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 26: 454. 1945.

DERIVATION.—Rigid, referring to the stiff spring branches.

COMMON NAMES.—fbuckthorn, Brazos bumelia, Texas bumelia,

tgum elastic.

RANGE.—Southern Oklahoma (Arbuckle Mountains, Murray

County), central to southern and southwestern Texas, extreme

southwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona, south to

northern Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila).

Bumelia lucida Small, see B. lycioides (L.) Pers.

Bumelia lycioides (L.) Pers. buckthorn bumelia

Sideroxylon lycioides L., Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 279. 1762.

fBumelia lycioides (L.) Pers., Synops. PI. 1: 237. 1805.

Bumelia cassinifolia Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 1: 442.

1900.

Bumelia lucida Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 443. 1900. Not

Bumelia lucida Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 4: 499. 1819.

Bumelia lycioides var. virginiana Fern., Rhodora 38: 439.

1936.

Bumelia lycioides var. ellipsoidalis Clark, Mo. Bot. Gard.

Ann. 29: 172. 1942.

Bumelia smallii Clark, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 29: 172. 1942.

DERIVATION.—Like Lycium, wolfberry, a genus of spiny shrubs

of similar appearance.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fbuckthorn, smooth bumelia, ironwood.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to northern

Florida, west to southeastern Texas, and north to southeastern

Missouri, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, and western

Kentucky.

Bumelia megacocca Small, see B. tenax (L.) Willd.

Bumelia monticola Buck! ^ee B, lanuginosa var. rigida A. Gray

Bumelia oblongifolia Nutt., see B. lanuginosa var. albicans Sarg.

Bumelia, rigida (A. Gray) Small, see B. lanuginosa var. rígida

A. Gray
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 75

Bumelia riograndis Lundell, see B. lanuginosa var. rigida A. Gray

Bumelia rufa Raf,, see B. lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers.

Bumelia schottii Britten, see B. celastrina H. B. K.

Bumelia smallii Clark, see B. lycioides (L.) Pers.

Bumelia spiniflora A. DC, see B. celastrina H. B. K.

Bumelia ;teiiax (L.) Willd. tough bumelia

Sideroxylon tenax L., Mant. PL 48. 1767.

Wumelia tenax (L.) Willd., Sp. PI. 1: 1085. 1798.

Bumelia megacocca Small, N. Y. Bet. Gard. Bul. 1: 441.

1900.

Bumelia lanuginosa var. anómala Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 2: 168. 1921.

Bumelia lacuum Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 1034,1507. 1933.

Bumelia anómala (Sarg.) Clark, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 29:

169. 1942.

DERIVATION.—Holding, or tough, referring to the flexible young

branches which are not easily broken.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—ftough buckthorn, ironwood.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain of southeastern South Carolina and

eastern Georgia, south to southern Florida.

Bumelia texana Buckl., see B. lanuginosa var. rigida A. Gray

Bursera Jacq. (Family Burseraceae) bursera

Terebinthus P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 345. 1756. Not

Terebinthus Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 3.

1754.

Elaphrium Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 3. 1760 ; nomen rejiciendum.

iBursera Jacq. ex L., Sp. PL Ed. 2, 471. 1762; Gen. PI.

Ed. 6, 174. 1764; nomen conservandum. Also Bursera

Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 94, pi. 65. 1763. Not

Burseria Loen., Iter Hispan. 194. 1758.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Joachim Burser (1593-1649),

German botanist and physician.

Bursera fagaroides (H. B. K.) Engler fragrant bursera

Elaphrium fagaroides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 7: 27, pi. 611.

1824:

Bursera fagaroides (H. B. K.) Engler in DC, Monog. Phaner.

4: 48. 1883.

Bursera odorata T. S. Brandegee, Calif. Acad. Sei. Proc,

Ser. 2, 2: 138. 1889.

Elaphrium odoratum (T. S. Brandegee) Rose, No. Amer. Fl.

25: 250. 1911.

DERIVATION.—^Like Fagara, here regarded as a synonym of

Zanthoxylum, prickly-ash.
76 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Known in the United States in one locality in Southern Arizona (Baboquivari Mountains, Pima County), which was

first recorded by Kearney (Wash. Acad, Sei. Jour. 21: 72. 1931).

Also in Mexico from Lower California and Sonora to Durango

and Puebla. A shrub or small tree 7 to 15 feet high.

Bursera microphylla A. Gray elephanttree

^Bursera microphylla A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei.

Proc. 5: 155. 1861.

Elaphrium microphyllum (A. Gray) Rose, No. Amer. Fl. 25:

250. 1911.

DERIVATION.—Small-leaved, referring to the minute leaves

and leaflets.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—elephant bursera (SPN), small-leaved

elephanttree, copal, torote.

RANGE.—Desert mountains of southwestern Arizona and southeastern California (local west of Saltón Sea Basin in Imperial

County). Also in northwestern Mexico from Lower California

and Sonora south to Zacatecas and Puebla.

Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. fgumbo-limbo

Pistacia simaruba L., Sp. PI. 1026. 1753.

-fBursera simaruba (L.) Sarg., Gard, and Forest 3: 260.

1890.

Elaphrium simaruba (L.) Rose, No. Amer. Fl. 25: 246.

1911.

DERIVATION.—Simarouba, the Carib Indian name of another

tree and also used as a generic name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^West Indian birch, gum-elemi.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys, near coasts

and north on east coast to Cape Canaveral. Also in West Indies

and Mexico from Tamaulipas and Sinaloa southward to Central

America and northern South America.

Byrsonima Rich. (Family Malpighiaceae) byrsonima

-fByrsonima Rich, ex Juss., Paris Mus. d' Hist. Nat. Ann.

18: 481. 1811.

DERIVATION.—From Greek hide and name, referring to the

use of the bark in tanning. (Accordingly the gender is neuter

instead of feminine.)

Byrsonima lucidum DC. Long Key. byrsonima

Malpighia lucida Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Malpighia No. 9.

1768; excluding notes.

Malpighia lucida Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. Prodr. 74. 1788.

fByrsonima lucida DC, Prodr. 1: 580. 1824.

Malpighia cuneata Turcz., Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou Bul. 31 (2) :

390. 1858.

Byrsonima cuneata (Turcz.) P. Wils., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul.

8: 394. 1917.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 77

DERIVATION.—Bright or shining, referring to the leathery

leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^locust-berry.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies. In Florida generally a shrub but rarely a small

tree.

REFERENCE.~-Sargent, C. S. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 166.

1921.

CALLITRIS Vent. (Family Pinaceae) CYPRESS-PINE

Callitris Vent., Decad. 10. 1808.

DERIVATION.—From Greek beautiful and three, referring to the

arrangement of leaves and cone scales in threes.

CALLITRIS GLAUCA R. Br. BLUE CYPRESS-PINE

Callitris glauca R. Br. ex Mirb., Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Mém.

13: 74. 1825.

DERIVATION.—Glaucous, referring to the bluish leaves.

RANGE.—Naturalized locally in Brevard and Indian River

Counties of middle east coast of Florida, according to Arthur

S. Rhoads. Planted in Florida and California and native of

Australia.

Commonly referred to Callitris robusta R. Br., a related species of Australia.

Calyptranthes Sw. (Family Myrtaceae) lidfiower

Chytraculia P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 239, pi. 37, fig.

2. 1756; nomen rejiciendum.

Chytralia Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 80. 1763 ; nomen rejiciendum,

^Calyptranthes Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. Prodr. 5, 79. 1788;

nomen conservandum.

DERIVATION.—Lid-flower, referring to the lidlike cover over

the calyx in the bud.

Calyptranthes pallens Griseb. pale lidfiower

Eugenia pallens Poir., Encycl. Méth. Bot. Sup. 3:122. 1813.

Calyptranthes chytraculia 8 pauciflora Berg, Linnaea 27:

27. 1856.

^Calyptranthes pallens Griseb., K. Gessell. der Wiss. Gottingen Abhandl. 7:215. 1857.

DERIVATION.—Pale.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^spicewood, fwhite spicewood.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies.

At one time referred to Calyptranthes chytraculia Sw.

Calyptranthes zuzygium (L.) Sw. myrtle-of-the-river

Myrtus zuzygium L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1056. 1759; as

*'zuzygiu"

fCalyptranthes zuzygium (L.) Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. Prodr.

79. 1788,
78 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—Zuzygium, or now spelled Syzygium, the name

of a related genus, from Greek, paired or yoked together, and

referring to united petals.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^myrtle-of-the-river lidflower (SPN),

tspicewood.

RANGE.—^Southern Florida, including Key Largo. Also in

West Indies.

Canella P. Br. (Family Canellaceae) canella

iCanelUi P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 275, pi. 27, figs. 2, 3.

1756; nomen conservandum.

Winterana L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1045. 1759; nomen

rejiciendum.

DERIVATION.—From the Latin word meaning small cane or

reed, first applied to the bark of an Old World tree which formed

a roll upon drying.

Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn. canella

Laurus winterana L., Sp. PI. 371. 1753.

Canella alba Murray in L., Syst. Veg. Ed. 14, 4: 443. 1784.

^Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. PL 1: 373,

pL 77, fig. 2. 1788.

DERIVATION.—From Winterania L., an old (and untenable)

Linnaean name for Canella; Winterania, in turn, commemorated

Capt. John Winter, who introduced the medicinal "Winter's bark"

{Drimys winteri) from South America into England in 1579.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cinnamon canella (SPN), fcinnamonbark, wild cinnamon.

RANGE.—Cape Sable region of extreme southern Florida and

Florida Keys. Also in West Indies.

Canotia Torr. (Family Celastraceae) canotia

-^Canotia Torr., U. S. Rpts. Expl. Surv. Miss. Pacif. 4(5) : 68.

1857; as "anotia''; ''Canotia'' in index, p. 171.

DERIVATION.—The Mexican name.

Canotia holacantha Torr. fcanotia

^Canotia holacantha Torr., U. S. Rpts. Expl. Surv. Miss.

Pacif. 4(5) : 68. 1857; as ''anotia"; ''Canotia'' in index, p.

171.

DERIVATION.—From Greek wholly and thorn, referring to the

spiny leafless branches.

OTHER COMMON NAME.^—crucifixion-thorn.

RANGE.—Central to western and northwestern Arizona and

southern Utah (Rainbow Bridge Canyon). Reported from southeastern California (Providence Mountains, but Munz (Man.

South. Calif. Bot. 295. 1935) was unable to find any specimen

from California. Also in northern Sonora, Mexico.

Capparis L. (Family Capparidaceae) caper

fCapparis L., Sp. PI. 503. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 222. 1754.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 79

DERIVATION.—^The classical Greek name of Capparis spinosa

L., common caper, of the Mediterranean region and Asia, the

greenish flower buds of which are eaten pickled in vinegar.

Capparis cynophallophora L. Jamaica caper

Capparis cynophallophora L., Sp. PI. 504. 1753. Not Capparis cynophallophora L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2:1071. 1759.

fCapparis jamaicensis Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 23. 1760.

DERIVATION.—Dog phallus, alluding to the shape of the fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fcaper-tree.

RANGE.—Southern Florida north on east coast to Cape

Canaveral and including Florida Keys. Also in West Indies,

southern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.

REFERENCE.—Fawcett, William. Notes on Jamaican Species of

Capparis. Jour. Bot. 52: 142^-144. 1914.

Linnaeus used the name Capparis cynophallophora L, at different times

for both this and the following species, and the nomenclature has become

reversed. C cynophallophora L. should be associated with this species, which

has long been known as C, jamaicensis Jacq. The following species, formerly bearing the name C. cynophallophora L. (1759), is now known as C

flexuosa L. The nomenclature used here was adopted by Small (Man.

Southeast. Fl. 577. 1933).

Capparis flexuosa (L.) L. limber caper

•^Capparis cynophallophora L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1071.

1759, Not C. cynophallophora L., Sp. PI. 504. 1753.

Morisonia flexuosa L. in L. & Elmgren, Pug. Jamaic. PL

1759; Amoen. Acad. 5: 898. 1760.

Capparis flexuosa (L.) L., Sp. PL Ed. 2, 722. 1763.

DERIVATION.—Limber.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—dog caper (SPN), bay-leaved caper.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies and from northern Mexico (Tamaulipas to Sinaloa

southward) south to Central America and South America.

Generally a shrub, but included in the 1927 Check List; cited as a shrub

or small tree by Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 577. 1933).

CARICA L. (Family Caricaceae) PAPAYA

iCarica L., Sp. PL 1036. 1753 ; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 458. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From the Latin word for a dried fig (from Carya

in Asia Minor, the reputed ancestral home of the cultivated fig),

perhaps from the fancied resemblance of the fruit.

CARICA PAPAYA L. PAPAYA

iCarica papaya L., Sp. PI. 1036. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Thought to be from the Carib Indian name

"ababai."

OTHER COMMON NAME.—pawpaw.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys, probably

naturalized. Native in tropical America, the original home unknown. Widely cultivated and naturalized in West Indies, Mexico,

Central America, and South America, and in the Old World

tropics.
80 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Carpinus L. (Family Betulaceae) hornbeam

iCarpinus L., Sp. PL 998. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 432.

1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name.

Carpinus caroliniana Walt. American hornbeam

Carpinus betulus virginiana Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 25.

1785.

-^Carpinus caroliniana Walt., Fl. Carol. 236. 1788.

Carpinus caroliniana var. virginiana (Marsh.) Fern.,

Rhodora 37: 425, pi. 395. 1935.

DERIVATION.—Of Carolina, where it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fblue beech, water beech, ironwood.

RANGE.—Central Maine to southern Quebec, southern Ontario,

northern Michigan, and eastern Minnesota, south to eastern Iowa,

Missouri, eastern Oklahoma, and eastern Texas, and east to

central Florida. Also in northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) and

from southern Mexico to Guatemala and Honduras.

Carya Nutt. (Family Juglandaceae) thickory

Scoria Raf., Med. Repos. 11 (Ser. 2, v. 5): 352. 1808;

nomen nudum; nomen rejiciendum.

^Hicoria Raf., Fl. Ludov. 109. 1817; as ''Hicorius;'' nomen

reiic^endum

Carya Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PI. 2: 220. 1818; nomen

conservandum.

Carya Nutt., nomen conservandum under International Code,

has replaced Hicoria Raf., the name by which this genus has been

known under the American Code. Therefore, the species of

Hicoria have been transferred here, with slight changes, to

Carya.

Carya is a difficult genus for identification, because it contains many

minor intergrading variations in shape and size of fruits and in hairiness

and other characters of foliage to which numerous names have been given,

largely by C. S. Sargent and W. W. Ashe. It seems unnecessary to recognize most of these varietal names, which are listed here in synonymy along

with a few specific segregates accepted by some authors.

DERIVATION.—From the Greek name used for nut.

REFERENCES.—Little, Elbert L., Jr. Notes on the nomenclature of Carya Nutt. Amer. Midland Nat. 29: 498-508. 1943.

Manning, Wayne E. A key to the hickories north of Virginia

with notes on the two pignuts, Carya glabra and C. ovalis.

Rhodora 52: 188-199. 1950.

Murrill, William A. Florida hickories. Fla. Acad. Sei. Jour.

9: 115-122, illus. 1947.

Sargent, C. S. Notes on North American Trees. II. Carya.

Bot Gaz. 66: 229-258. 1918.

Carya alba (Mill.) K. Koch, see C. tomentosa Nutt.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 81

Carya aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt. twater hickory

Juglans aquatica Michx. f., Hist. Arbr. For. Amer. Sept. 1 :

182, pi. 5. 1810.

Carya aqvxiUca Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PI. 2: 222. 1818;

nomen nvdum.

Carya aquatica (Michx. f.) Nutt. ex EIL, Sketch Bot. S.-Car.

Ga. 2: 627. 1824.

Hicoria aquatica Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 66. 1838; nomen and

perhaps irregular new combination.

-fHicoria aquatica (Michx. f.) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

15: 284. 1888.

Carya aquatica var. australis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 232. 1918.

iHicoria aquatica australis (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr.

Misc. Cir. 92: 53. 1927.

DERIVATION.—^Aquatic, from its habitat in river bottoms and

swamps.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—swamp hickory, pecan (lumber),

bitter pecan, wild pecan.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia and eastern

North Carolina south to southern Florida and west to eastern

Texas, north in Mississippi Valley to southeastern Oklahoma,

southeastern Missouri, and extreme southern Illinois.

HYBRIDS.—Carya Xlecontei Little {C. aquatica X illinoensis) ;

C. Xludoviciana (Ashe) Little (C aquatica X texana).

Carya arkansana Sarg., see C. texana Buckl.

Carya ashei (Sudw.) Kelsey & Dayton, see C. glabra var.

megacarpa (Sarg.) Sarg.

Carya australis Ashe, see C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch

Carya au^trina (Small) Murrill, see C. glabra var. megacarpa

(Sarg.) Sarg.

Carya Xbrownii Sarg. fBrowns hickory

Carya cordiformis X illinoensis

Carya Xbrownii Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 195, pi. 178.

1913 ; as C. cordiformis X pecan.

Carya Xbrownii var. varians Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2:

196. 1913.

fHicoria Xbrownii (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart.

1(2): 29. 1925.

fHicoria Xbrownii varians (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus.

Quart. 1(2): 29. 1925.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, George M. Brown.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Mayfield nut.

RANGE.—Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.

Carya buckleyi Durand, see C. texana Buckl.

Carya carolinae-septentrionalis (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn., see C.

ovata (Mill.) K Koch
82 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Carya eordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch fbittemut hickory

Juglans alba minima Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 68. 1785.

Juglans eordiformis Wangenh., Bejrtr. Texitsch. Holzger.

Forstwiss. Nordamer. Holz. 25, pi. 10, fig. 25. 1787; as

''luglans."

Garya eordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 1: 597.

1869.

Hicoria minima (Marsh.) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

15: 284. 1888.

-fHicoria eordiformis (Wangenh.) Britton in Britton &

Shafer, No. Amer. Trees 228, fig. 186. 1908.

Carya eordiformis var. latifolia Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2:

206. 1913.

Carya eordiformis var. elongata Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul.

14: 12. 1918.

-fHicoria eordiformis elongata (Ashe) Ashe, Elisha Mitchell

Sei. Soc. Jour. 34: 136. 1918.

Hieoria eordiformis latifolia (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus.

Quart. 1(2): 29. 1925.

DERIVATION.—Heart-shaped, perhaps referring to the fruit but

not particularly appropriate.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^bitternut, swamp hickory, pecan

(lumber), pignut.

RANGE.—New Hampshire to New York, extreme southern

Quebec, southern Ontario, Michigan, and Minnesota, south to

southeastern Nebraska and eastern Texas, and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia.

HYBRIDS.—Cari/a Xbrownii Sarg. (C. eordiformis X illinoensis) ; C. Xdemareei Palmer (C. eordiformis X glabra) ; C. Xlaneyi

Sarg. (C, eordiformis X ovata).

Carya Xdemareei Palmer Demaree hickory

Carya eordiformis X glabra

Carya Xdemareei Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 18:

135. 1937; as C. eordiformis X ovalis.

DERIVATION.—Named for Delzie Demaree, botanist of Arkansas,

who collected the type specimen.

RANGE.—Northeastern Arkansas.

This hybrid, published after the 1927 Check List, for the cross Carya

eordiformis X ovalis also represents the cross C eordiformis X glabra

when C ovalis is reduced to synonymy.

Carya Xdunbarii Sarg. fDunbar hickory

Carya laeiniosa X ovata

Carya Xdunbarii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 254. 1918 ; as C.

laeiniosa X ovata,.

fHicoria Xdunbarii (Sarg.) House, N. Y. State Mus. Bul.

233/234: 14. 1921.

DERIVATION.—Named for John Dunbar, Asst. Supt. of Parks,

Rochester, N. Y., who discovered it.

RANGE.—Western New York.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 83

Garya femowiana Sudw., see C. myristicaeformis (Michx. t)

Nutt.

Carya floridana Sarg. scrub hickory

Carya floridana Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 193, pi. 177.

1913.

Hicoria floridana (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Cir.

92: 59. 1927.

DERIVATION.—Of Florida.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Florida hickory.

RANGE.—Central to northwestern Florida.

Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet tpignut hickory

HYBRID.—Carya XdemareeiPalmer (C. cordiformis X glabra).

Carya glabra var. glabra pignut hickory (typical)

Juglans glabra Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Juglans No. 5. 1768.

Juglans alba odorata Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 68. 1785.

Juglans ovalis Wangenh., Beytr. Teutsch. Holzger. Forstwiss.

Nordamer. Holz. 24, pi. 10, fig. 23. 1787; as ''luglans

oiialis."

Juglans obcordata Muhl., Index Fl. Lancastr. 180. 1793;

nomen nudum.

Juglans obcordata Muhl. & Willd., Gesell. Naturf. Freunde

Berlin Neue Sehr. 3: 392. 1801; Muhl. ex Willd., Sp. PL

Ed. 4, 4: 458. 1805. Not J. obcordata Lam., Encycl.

Méth. Bot. 4: 504. 1798 (?).

Juglans porcina a obcordata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 638.

1814.

Carya microcarpa Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PI. 2: 221. 1818.

Carya glabra [Mill.] Sweet, Hort. Brit. 97. 1827.

IfHicoria glabra (Mill.) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 15:

284. 1888.

Hicoria microcarpa (Nutt.) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

15: 283. 1888.

Hicoria glabra var. odorata (Marsh.) Sarg., Silva No. Amer.

7: 167, pi. 354. 1895.

Hicoria glabra var. hirsuta Ashe, Notes on Hickories 1.

1896.

Carya ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 207.

1913.

Carya ovalis var. obcordata (Muhl. & Willd.) Sarg., Trees

and Shrubs 2: 209. 1913.

Carya ovalis var. obovalis Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 209.

1913.

Carya ovalis var. odorata (Marsh.) Sarg., Trees and Shrubs

2: 208. 1913.

•fHicoria ovalis (Wangenh.) Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc.

Jour. 34: 133. 1918.

1[Hicoria ovalis obcordata Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc.

Jour. 34: 134. 1918.
84 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

IfHicoria ovalis obovalis (Sarg.) Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei.

Soc. Jour. 84: 134. 1918.

iHicoria ovalis odorata Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

34: 134. 1918.

Hicoria similis Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 34: 135.

1918.

Carya ovalis var. hirsuta (Ashe) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 247.

1918.

Hicoriu ovalis var. acuta (Sarg.) House, N. Y. State Mus.

Bul. 233/234: 13. 1921.

Carya ovalis var. mollis Ashe, Rhodora 25: 180. 1923.

Hicoria gUhra acuta (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart.

1(2): 29. 1925.

Hicoria glabra reniformis (Ashe) Ashe, Charleston Mus.

Quart. 1(2): 29. 1925.

Hicoria glabra similis (Ashe) Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart.

1(2): 28. 1925.

Hicoria ovalis vestita (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart.

1(2): 29. 1925.

IfHicoria ovalis hirsuta (Ashe) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc.

Cir. 92: 59. 1927.

-fHicoria ovalis mollis (Ashe) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc.

Cir. 92: 59. 1927.

DERIVATION.—Smooth, or hairless, referring to the foliage.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—hickory (lumber), oval pignut

hickory, red hickory, redheart hickory, small-fruited hickory,

pignut, sweet pignut.

RANGE.—Southern New Hampshire and Massachusetts, west

to New York, extreme southern Ontario, southern Michigan,

Illinois, and northeastern Kansas, south to southeastern Oklahoma, and east to Arkansas, Mississippi, northwestern Florida,

and Georgia.

The binomial Carya ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg., red hickory, was established by Sargent in 1913 for a segregate of C. glabra. Since it is doubtful

whether the two species can be maintained, and also whether many persons

will wish to do so, C. ovalis is here reduced to synonymy. The principal

difference ascribed is in the husk of the fruit, opening late and partly or

remaining closed in C glabra but promptly splitting to the base in C ovalis,

but many trees have intermediate fruits. The recorded ranges are almost the

same. Wayne E. Manning (Rhodora 52: 188-199. 1950), while accepting

both species, stated that the two could be distinguished with certainty only

in November.

Carya glabra var. megacarpa (Sarg.) Sarg, coast pignut hickory

Carya megacarpa Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 201, pi. 180.

1913.

Carya ovalis megacarpa (Sarg.) Ashe, Torreya 18: 74. 1918

Hicoria ovalis megacarpa (Sarg.) Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei

Soc. Jour. 34: 134. 1918.

Carya glabra var. megacarpa (Sarg.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66

244. 1918.

-fHicoria ashei Sudw., Amer. Forests and Forest Life 30

334. 1924.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 85

fHicoria glabra megacarpa (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr.

Misc. Cir. 92: 57. 1927.

Hicoria austrina Small, Man. Southeast. FI. 406,1504. 1933.

Carya ashei (Sudw.) Kelsey & Dayton, Stand. PL Names,

Ed. 2, 92. 1942. Murrill, Fla. Acad. Sei. Jour. 9: 118.

1947.

Carya austrina (Small) Murrill, Fla. Acad. Sei. Jour. 9:

119. 1947.

?Carya magnifloridana Murrill, Fla. Acad. Sei. Jour. 9:

119, figs. 4, 7, 8,10. 1947.

ÎHicoria magnifloridana Murrill, Fla. Acad. Sei. Jour. 9 :

119. 1947; nom. altern.

DERIVATION.—Large-fruited.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^Ashes hickory, hammock hickory,

southern pignut hickory.

RANGE.—^Western New York to southern Ohio and southern

Illinois, south to Louisiana and central Florida.

The three following variations proposed as distinct species in Florida

are tentatively placed under Carya glabra var. megacarpa (Sarg.) Sarg,

pending further field studies: C. ashei (Sudw.) Kelsey & Dayton, C. austrina

(Small) Murrill, and C. magnifloridana Murrill.

*Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch pecan

Juglans pecan Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 69. 1785; nomen

subnudum.

Juglans illinoinensis Wangenh., Beytr. Teutsch. Holzger.

ForstvvTiss. Nordamer. Holz. 54, pi. 18, fig. 43. 1787; excluding fruit.

Juglans olivaeformis Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 192. 1803.

Carya olivaeformis [Michx.] Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PI. 2:

221. 1818.

Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 1: 593.

1869.

Carya peean (Marsh.) Engl. & Graebn. in Engl., Berlin K.

Bot. Gart. u. Mus. Notizbl, App. 9: 19. 1902. Not Carya

pecan (Walt.) Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 41. 1842.

Hicoria pecan (Marsh.) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 15:

282. 1888.

DERIVATION.—Of Illinois.

RANGE.—Mississippi River Valley from Fountain County, Ind.,

Joe Daviess County, III., and Clinton County, la., south to eastern

Kansas and central Texas including Edwards Plateau, and east to

Mississippi and western Tennessee. Also local in southwestern

Ohio, Kentucky, and Alabama. Sargent (Bot. Gaz. 66: 230-231.

1918) believed that the northern and more southeastern range was

probably due to original plantings by Indians. Also native and

spread by cultivation in northern Mexico (Nuevo León to

Coahuila, south to Jalisco, Guanajuato, and Hidalgo, and in

Oaxaca).

REFERENCES.—Fernald, M. L. The inadequate basis of the

name Carya pecan. Rhodora 49: 194-196. 1947.

Rehder, Alfred. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 22: 571-572. 1941,
86 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S, DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

HYBRIDS.—Car^/a Xbrownii Sarg. (C. cordiformis X illinoensis) ; C. Xlecontei Little {C. aqnatica X illinoensis) ; C. XntLsshaumeri Sarg. (C illinoensis X laciniosa) ; C. Xschneckii Sarg.

(C illinoensis X tomentosa).

*Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) Loud. shellbark hickory

Julians laciniosa Michx. f., Hist. Arbr. For. Amér. Sept. 1:

199, pi. 8. 1810.

Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) Loud., Hort. Brit. 384. 1830.

•fHicoria laciniosa (Michx. f.) Sarg., Torrey Bot. Club Mem.

5: 354. 1894.

DERIVATION.—Full of flaps or folds, referring to the plates of

shaggy bark.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^hickory (lumber), fbigleaf shagbark

hickory, kingnut, big shellbark, bottom shellbark, thick shellbark,

western shellbark.

RANGE.—Ohio and Mississippi Valleys, from western New York,

Pennsylvania, and extreme southern Ontario to southern Iowa,

south to eastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma, and east to

Arkansas, northern Mississippi, northern Georgia, and western

North Carolina, and West Virginia. Also local in Louisiana,

Alabama, and Virginia.

HYBRIDS.—Carya Xdunbarii Sarg. (C laciniosa X ovata) ;

C. Xnusshaumeri Sarg. (C illinoensis X laciniosa).

Carya Xlaneyi Sarg. fLaney hickory

Carya cordiformis X ovata

Carya Xlaneyi Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 196. 1913; as

C. cordiformis X ovata,

Carya Xlaneyi var. chateaugayensis Sarg., Trees and Shrubs

2: 197. 1913.

fHicoria Xlaneyi (Sarg.) House, N. Y, State Mus. Bul.

233/234: 14. 1921.

fHicoria Xlaneyi chateaugayensis (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S. Dept.

Agr. Misc. Cir. 92: 53. 1927.

DERIVATION.—Named for C. C. Laney, superintendent of parks

at Rochester, N. Y., where it was discovered.

RANGE.—Recorded from southern Quebec, southern Ontario,

Vermont, New York, and Pennsylvania.

REFERENCE.—Manning, Wayne E. A hybrid between shagbark

and bitternut hickory in southeastern Vermont. Rhodora 50:

60-62. 1948.

Carya Xlecontei Little fbitter pecan

Carya aquatica X illinoensis

fHicoria texana Le Conte, Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 6: 402,

illus. 1853; as ''HickoreaJ'

?Carya texana C. DC, Ann. des Sei. Nat., Bot., Ser. 4, 18:

33. 1862. Not C. texana Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila.

Proc. 1860 [v. 12] : 444. 1860.

Carya Xlecontei Little, Amer. Midland Nat. 29: 503. 1943.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 87

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of Major John Eaton Le Conte

(1784-1860), American naturalist, who described a new species of

hickory which may have been the same.

RANGE.—Missouri, Arkansas, eastern Texas, Louisiana, and

Mississippi.

REFERENCES.—See also Carya texana Buckl.

Palmer, Ernest J. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 18: 133-135.

1937,

Palmer has submitted evidence to show that this is a hybrid between

Carya aquatica and C, illinoensis. Unfortunately, when the names are

transferred to Carya, the name C texana, by which this hybrid has been

known, must be used instead for the species Hicoria buckleyi (Durand)

Ashe. Accordingly, the hybrid has been renamed Carya Xlecontei Little.

Carya leiodermis Sarg. swamp hickory

Carya leiodermis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 239. 1918.

Carya leiodermis var. callicoma Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 240,

1918.

-fHicoria mollissima Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

40: 46. 1924.

fHicoria leiodermis (Sarg,) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc.

Cir. 92: 56. 1927.

fHicoria leiodermis callicoma (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S. Dept.

Agr. Misc. Cir. 92: 56. 1927.

Hicoria leiodermis var. mollissima (Ashe) Ashe, Torrey Bot.

Club Bui. 55: 465. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Smooth-skinned, referring to smoothish bark.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—buckeye hickory, fpignut hickory,

smoothbark hickory.

RANGE.—Northern Florida (Levy County), western Alabama,

Mississippi, southern Arkansas, Louisiana, and eastern Texas.

Carya Xludoviciana (Ashe) Little Louisiana hickory

Carya aquatica X texana

Hicoria Xludoviciana Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 54: 582,

1927 ; as H, aquatica X buckleyi var. arkansana.

Carya Xludoviciana (Ashe) Little, Amer. Midland Nat. 29:

504. 1943 ; as C aquatica X texana var. arkansana.

DERIVATION.—Of Louisiana.

RANGE.—Northern and central Louisiana.

Additional field study of Carya Xludoviciana is needed. According to

Clair A. Brown (La. Trees Shrubs 51-52. 1945), it may not be distinct

from C leiodermis.

Carya magnifloridana Murrill, see C. glabra var. megacarpa

(Sarg.) Sarg.

Carya megacarpa Sarg., see C. glabra var. megacarpa (Sarg.)

Sarg.

Carya mexicana Engelm., see C ovata (Mill.) K. Koch

Carya microcarpa Nutt, see C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet
88 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

*Carya myristicaeformis (Michx. f.) Nutt. fnutmeg hickory

Jiiglans myristicaeformis Michx. f., Hist. Arbr. For. Amer.

Sept. 1: 211, pi. 10. 1810.

Carya myristicaeformis Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PL 2: 222.

1818 ; nomen nudum.

Carya myristicaeformis (Michx. f.) Nutt. ex Ell., Sketch

Bot. S.-Car. Ga. 2: 628. 1824.

fHicoria myristicaeformis (Michx. 1) Britton, Torrey Bot.

Club Bui. 15: 284. 1888.

IHicoria fernowiana Sudw. in Sudw. & Fernow, Trees Wash.,

D. C. [6]. 1891.

?Carya fernowiana Sudw. in Sudw. & Fernow, Trees Wash.,

D. C. [6]. 1891; nom. altern.

DERIVATION.—With the shape of Myristica, nutmeg, referring

to the fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^bitter water hickory, swamp hickory,

pecan (lumber).

RANGE.—Eastern South Carolina and in central Alabama, and

from Mississippi to Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma, south

to eastern Texas and Louisiana. Also in northeastern Mexico

(Nuevo León).

REFERENCE.—Dayton, W. A. Fernow hickory (Hicoria fernowiana Sudw.). Jour. Forestry 35: 859-864, illus. 1937.

Carya fernowiana Sudw. may be distinct but is known from a single

cultivated tree "from the South" in Washington, D. C. However, Dayton,

in the reference cited, suggested that C. myristicaeformis of late dendrological literature is in part C. fernowiana.

Carya Xnussbaumeri Sarg. Nussbaumer hickory

Carya illinoensis X laciniosa

Carya Xnusshaumerii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 254. 1918; as C.

laciniosa X pecan.

IfHicoria Xnusshaumerii (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr.

Misc. Cir. 92: 51. 1927.

DERIVATION*—Named for its discoverer, J. J. Nussbaumer, of

Okawville, 111.

RANGE.—Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri. Also in cultivation.

Carya olivaeformis (Michx.) Nutt., see C. illinoensis (Wangenh.)

K. Koch

Carya ovalis (Wangenh.) Sarg., see C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet

*Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch fshagbark hickory

Jugkms alba L., Sp. PI. 997. 1753 ; in part ; nomen ambiguum.

Juglans ovata Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Juglans No. 6. 1768.

Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 1: 598. 1869.

Carya mexicana Engelm. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent. Amer. Bot.

3: 162. [1883.]

"^Hicoria ovata (Mill.) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 15:

283. 1888.

Hicoria borealis Ashe, Notes on Hickories 1. 1896.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 89

-fHicoria carolinae-septentrionalis Ashe, Notes on Hickories

1. 1896.

Carya carolinae-septentrionalis (Ashe) Engl, & Graebn. in

Engl., Berlin K. Bot. Gart. u. Mus. Notizbl., App. 9: 19.

1902.

Carya ovalis var. borealis (Ashe) Sarg., Trees and Shrubs

2: 209. 1913; nomen provisonum. Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66:

246. 1918.

Carya ovata var. fraxinifolia Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2:

207. 1913.

Carya ovata var. nuttalUi Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 207.

1913.

Carya australis Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul. 14: 12, 1918.

fHicoria ovata fraxinifolia (Sarg.) Ashe, Elisha Mitchell

Sei. Soc. Jour. 34: 133. 1918.

fHicoria ovata nuttallii (Sarg.) Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei.

Soc. Jour. 34: 132. 1918.

Carya ovata var. complanata Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 235. 1918.

Carya ovata var. ellipsoidalis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 235. 1918.

Carya ovata var. pubescens Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 236. 1918.

-fHicoria carolinae-septentrionalis var. australis (Ashe) Ashe,

Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 40: 46. 1924.

-fHicoria ovalis borealis (Ashe) Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart.

1(2): 29. 1925.

-fHicoria ovata complanata (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus.

Quart. 1<2) : 29. 1925.

•fHicoria ovata ellipsoidalis (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus.

Quart. 1(2): 29. 1925.

-fHicoria ovata pubescens (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr.

Misc. Cir. 92: 54. 1927.

Carya alba subsp. ovata (Mill.) Schwerin, Deut. Dendrol.

Gesell. Mitt. 44: 378. 1932.

Carya ovata var. borealis (Ashe) Manning, Rhodora 51: 89.

1949.

Carya ovata var. mexicana (Engelm.) Manning, Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 30: 431. 1949.

Carya carolinaeseptentrionalis (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn., Carolina hickory, was united with C ovata by Robinson and Fernald

(Gray's New Man. Bot. Ed. 7, 331. 1908) and apparently does

not merit further recognition.

DERIVATION.—Ovate, or egg-shaped, referring to the fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—hickory (lumber), Carolina hickory,

scalybark hickory, shellbark hickory, fsouthern shagbark hickory,

upland hickory, shagbark.

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine to New York, extreme southern

Quebec, southern Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, and southeastern

Minnesota, south to southeastern Nebraska and eastern Texas,

and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia. Also in northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí,

Querétaro, Hidalgo, and Puebla).

REFERENCE.—See Carya tomentosa Nutt
90 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

HYBRIDS.—Garya Xdunbarii Sarg. (C. laciniosa X ovata) ; C.

Xlaneyi Sarg. (C. cordiformis X ovata).

Carya paluda (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn. sand hickory

fHicoria pallida Ashe, Notes on Hickories 1. 1896.

Carya pallida (Ashe) Engl. & Graebn, in Engl., Berlin K.

Bot. Gart. u. Mus. Notizbl., App. 9: 19. 1902.

DERIVATION.—^Pale, referring to the leaflets.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^pale hickory, pallid hickory, fpignut

hickory.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern New Jersey south to

northwestern Florida and Louisiana, and north to Tennessee. Also

recorded from Connecticut.

Carya pecan (Marsh.) Engl., see C. illinoensis (Wangenh.) K.

Koch

Carya Xschneckii Sarg. fSchneck hickory

Carya illinoensis X tomentosa

Carya Xschneckii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 253. 1918; as C. alba

X pecan.

-fHicoria Xschneckii (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S. Dept, Agr. Mise.

Cir. 92: 56. 1927.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Jacob Schneck (1843-

1906), of Mount Carmel, 111.

RANGE.—Illinois and Iowa.

Carya texana Buckl. black hickory

Carya texana Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 1860 [v.

12] : 444. 1860. Not C. texana C. DC, Ann. des Sei.

Nat., Bot., Ser. 4, 18: 33. 1862. Not Hickorea texana he

Conte, Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 6: 402, illus. 1853.

Carya buckleyi Durand, Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 1860

[v. 12] : 547. 1861.

Hicoria glabra var. villosa Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 7: 167, pi.

355. 1895.

fHicoria villosa (Sarg.) Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 24: 481.

1897.

Carya villosa [Sarg.] Schneid., Illus. Handb. Laubholzk. 1 :

803. 1906.

Carya glabra var. villosa (Sarg.) Robinson, Rhodora 10:

32. 1908.

Carya arkansana Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 203, pi. 181.

1913.

fHicoria buckleyi (Durand) Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc.

Jour. 34: 131. 1918.

Carya buckleyi var. arkansana (Sarg.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66:

249. 1918.

Carya buckleyi var. villosa (Sarg.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz, 66: 251.

1918.

fHicoria buckleyi arkansana (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus.

Quart. 1(2): 29. 1925.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 91

Hicoria buckleyi pachylemma (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus.

Quart. 1(2): 29. 1925.

Hicoria buckleyi villosa (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart.

1(2): 29. 1925.

Carya texana var. arkansana (Sarg.) Little, Amer. Midland

Nat. 29: 502. 1943.

Carya texana var. villosa (Sarg.) Little, Amer. Midland Nat.

29: 503. 1943.

DERIVATION.—Of Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Buckley hickory, fpignut hickory.

RANGE.—Southern Indiana, southern Illinois, Missouri, and

eastern Kansas, south to eastern Oklahoma, central Texas including Edwards Plateau to southern Texas, and Louisiana.

REFERENCE.—^Little, Elbert L., Jr. Amer. Midland Nat. 29:

502-504. 1943.

HYBRID.—Carya Xhidoviciana (Ashe) Little (C. aqtiatica X

texana).

When transferred to Carya under International Code, Hicoria buckleyi

(Durand) Ashe is rejplaced by the older specific name C texana Buckl.,

instead of the later name commonly used, C, buckleyi Durand. This species

is not to be confused with the hybrid C. Xlecontei Little, which has been

known as C. texana and under the American Code as H. Xtexana Le Conte.

Carya texana C. DC, see C. Xlecontei Little

*Carya tomentosa Nutt. fmockernut hickory

Juglans alba L., Sp. PI. 997. 1753 ; in part ; nomen ambiguum.

Juglans tomentosa Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 4: 504. 1798.

Juglans tomentosa Michx. f., Hist. Arbr. For. Amér. Sept. 1 :

184, pi. 6. 1810.

Carya tomentosa Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PI. 2: 221. 1818.

Carya alba (Mill.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 1: 596. 1869. Not

Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex EH., Sketch Bot. S.-Car. Ga. 2:

624. 1824.

fHicoria alba (L.) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 15: 283.

1888.

Carya alba var. ficoides Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 206.

1913.

Carya alba var. subcoriacea Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2:

207. 1913.

Carya alba var. anómala Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 238. 1918.

Carya alba var. ovoidea Sarg., Bot. Gaz, 66: 238. 1918.

Hicoria alba anómala (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart.

1 (2) : 29. 1925 ; as ''amomalaJ'

Hicoria alba ovoidea (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart.

1(2): 29. 1925.

^Hicoria alba ficoides (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc.

Cir. 92: 56. 1927.

^Hicoria alba subcoriacea (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr.

Misc. Cir. 92: 56. 1927.

Carya alba subsp. tomentosa (Lam.) Schwerin, Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 44: 378. 1932.
92 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Carya tomentosa var. subcoriacea (Sarg.) Palm. & Steyerm.,

Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 515. 1935.

DERIVATION.—^Tomentose, or densely hairy with short matted

wool, referring to the leaflets.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—bullnut, hickory (lumber), white

hickory, whiteheart hickory, hognut, mockernut.

RANGE.—Southern New Hampshire and Massachusetts to New

York, extreme southern Ontario, southern Michigan, and southeastern Iowa, south to Missouri, eastern Oklahoma, and eastern

Texas, and east to northern Florida.

REFERENCE.—Rehder, Alfred. Carya alba proposed as nomen

ambiguum. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 26: 482-483. 1945.

HYBRro.—Carya Xschneckii Sarg. (C. illinoensis X tomentosa).

This species formerly was known as Carya alba» However, Rehder, in the

reference cited above has rejected the basonyra Juglans alba L. as a nomen

ambiguum. The latter included two species and when transferred as C. alba

has been applied through the years by some authors for C. tomentosa and

by others for C. ovata with obvious confusion.

Carya villosa Schneid., see C, texana Buckl.

Caryopitys Small, see Pinus L.

Casasia A. Rich., see Genipa L.

Cassia suffruticosa Koenig (ex Roth, Nov. PI. Sp. Ind. Occ.

213. 1821; Psilorhegma swffruticosa (Koenig) Britton; family

Leguminosae) is naturalized in and about Brickell Hammock,

Miami, Florida, according to a note by Small (Man. Fl. Southeast.

U. S. 662. 1933). This species was recorded as naturalized in

Florida also by Britton and Rose (No. Amer. Fl. 23: 255. 1930).

It is a shrub or small tree native of southern Asia and Australasia.

In time it may become sufficiently established in other localities

to merit acceptance as definitely naturalized.

Castanea Mill. (Family Fagaceae) chestnut; chinkapin

fCastanea Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 1. 1754.

REFERENCE.—Camus, A. Les châtaigniers. Monographie des

genres Castanea et Castanopsis. 604 pp., illus. 1929. (In Encyclopédie Économique de Sylviculture, v. 3.)

DERIVATION.—^The classical Greek and Latin name of chestnut

The common name chinkapin is also spelled chinquapin.

Castanea Xalabamensis Ashe Alabama chinkapin

Castanea alnifolia? X dentata

fCastanea alabamensis Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart. 1(2) :

30. 1925.

DERIVATION.—Of Alabama.

RANGE.—Northern Alabama.

Camus (Châtaigniers 239. 1929) regarded this as probably a hybrid,

Castanea dentata X floridana mxirgaretta?, but the latter supposed parent

is here placed as a synonym of C alnifolia var. floridana Sarg.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 93

Castanea alnifalia var. fleridana Sarg. Florida chinkapin

-fCastanea alnifolia var. floridana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 242.

1919.

Castanea floridana (Sarg.) Ashe, Torrey Bot Club Bui. 49:

266. 1919.

Castanea pumila var. margaretta Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club.

Bui. 49: 265. 1922,

Castanea margaretta (Ashe) Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 50:

359. 1923.

Castanea margaretta var. angustifolia Ashe, Elisha Mitchell

Sei. Soc. Jour, 40: 46. 1924; as ''angustifolia.''

Castanea margaretta var. arcuata Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei.

Soc. Jour. 40: 46. 1924.

Castanea floridana angustifolia (Ashe) Ashe, Charleston

Mus, Quart. 1(2): 31. Í925.

Castanea floridana arcuata (Ashe) Ashe, Charleston Mus.

Quart. 1(2): 30. 1925.

-^Castanea floridana margaretta (Ashe) Ashe, Charleston

Mus. Quart. 1(2) : 30. 1925.

DERIVATION.—^With leaves like Alnus, or alder-leaved; the

varietal name, of Florida.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—running chinkapin, trailing chinkapin.

RANGE.—(Coastal Plain from North Carolina to northern Florida

and southeastern Louisiana.

Castanea alnifolia Nutt. (Gen. No. Amer. PI. 2: 217. 1818), trailing

chinkapin, in its typical variety, Castanea alnifolia var. alnifolia, is a low

shrub which spreads by underground rootstocks. This shrubby variety has

about the same range as the arborescent variety, var, floridana Sarg. Hybrid

of C. alnifolia Nutt.: C. Xalabamensis Ashe (C. alnifolia? X dentata),

Castanea arkansana Ashe, see C, ozarkensis Ashe

Castanea ashei (Sudw.) Sudw., see C. pumila var. ashei Sudw.

*Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. American chestnut

FaguS'Castanea dentata Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 46. 1785.

-fCastanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh., Handb. Forst. Bot. 1:

741. 1800.

DBRIVATION.—Toothed, referring to the leaf margins.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fchestnut.

RANGE.—Central Maine to New York, extreme southern Ontario, and southeastern Michigan, south to Ohio, southern Indiana,

western Kentucky, central Tennessee, northeastern Mississippi,

Alabama, and Georgia. Formerly also in extreme southern Illinois

(Pulaski County), where now extinct, and in northwestern Florida. Now almost exterminated by the chestnut blight, but stump

sprouts persist.

HYBRIDS.-—Casiano Xalabamensis Ashe (C alnifolia? X dentata) ; C. Xneglecta Dode (C. dentata X pumila).

Castanea floridana (Sarg.) Ashe, see C, alnifolia var. floridana

Sarg.
94 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Castanea margaretta (Ashe) Ashe, see C. alnifolia var. floridana

Sarg.

Castanea Xneglecta Dode chinknut

Castanea dentata X pumila

jCastanea neglecta Dode, Soc. Dendrol. de France Bui. 8:

155. 1908.

DERIVATION.—Neglected, or overlooked.

RANGE.—^Recorded from Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Alabama.

Originally published as a possible hybrid and formally reduced to a

hybrid by Ashe (Tofrey Bot. Club BuL 49: 266. 1922). However, Fernald

(Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 541. 1950) suggested that C, neglecta may be

merely a shade form of C, pumila.

Castanea ozarkensis Ashe Ozark chinkapin

^Castanea ozarkensis Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 50: 360.

1923.

Castanea arkansana Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 50: 361.

1923.

Castanea ozarkensis var. arkansana (Ashe) Ashe, Elisha

Mitchell Sei. Soc. eTour. 40: 45. 1924.

DERIVATION.—Of the Ozarks.

RANGE.—Southern Missouri, Arkansas, and eastern Oklahoma.

*Castanea pumila Mill. Allegheny chinkapin

HYBRID.—Castanea Xneglecta Dode (C dentata X pumila).

Castanea pumila var. pumila Allegheny chinkapin (typical)

Fagus pumila L., Sp. PI. 998. 1753.

-\Castanea pumila Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Castanea No. 2.

1768.

DERIVATION.—Dwarf.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fchinkapin.

RANGE.—New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania southwest to

Tennessee, Arkansas, and eastern Texas, and east to Florida.

Also local in eastern Massachusetts.

Castanea pumila var. ashei Sudw. Ashe chinkapin

Castanea pumila ashei Sudw., Amer, Forestry 28: 301, fig.

1922.

fCastanea ashei (Sudw.) Sudw. ex Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club

Bui. 49: 267. 1922.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, William Willard Ashe

(1872-1932), pioneer forester of the United States Forest Service, who named several variations in Castanea.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to northern

Florida and eastern Texas, north to Arkansas.

Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach (Family Fagaceae) chinkapin

Quercus [sect.?] Castanopsis D, Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 56.

1825.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 95

Balanoplis Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 29. 1838.

Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach, Hist. Vég. Phanér. 11: 185.

1842. Nom. conserv. propos., Little, Phytologia 3: 81-82.

1949,

Chrysolepis Hjelmqvist, Bot. Not. Sup. 2(1) : 117. 1948.

DERIVATION.—^Resembling Castanea, chestnut, a related genus.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—evergreen-chinkapin (SPN).

*Castanopsis chrysophylla (Dougl.) A. DC. fgolden chinkapiii

Castanea chrysophylla Dougl., Comp. Bot Mag. 2: 126.

18B6 ; nomen subnudum.

Castanea chrysophylla Dougl. ex Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:

159. 1839.

Castanea chrysophylla var. minor Benth., PI. Hartw. 337.

1857.

^Castanopsis chrysophylla (Dougl.) A. DC. in Hance, Jour.

Bot. [London] 1: 182. 1863.

Castanopsis chrysophylla ß minor (Benth.) A. DC, Prodr.

16(2): 110. 1864.

Chrysolepis chrysophylla (Hook.) Hjelmqvist, Bot. Not. Sup.

2(1): 117. 1948.

DERIVATION.—Golden leaf, referring to the golden yellow scales

coating the under surface of young leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—giant evergreen-chinkapin (SPN),

goldenleaf chestnut, chinkapin, giant chinkapin.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region in western Washington (Mason

and Skamania Counties), western Oregon, and south in Coast

Ranges to central California. Also local in Sierra Nevada, California (Plumas County to Eldorado County).

CASUARINA L. (Family Casuarinaceae) CASUAEïNA

iCasnarina L. in L. & Stickman, Herbar. Amboin. 1754;

Amoen. Acad. 4: 143. 1759.

DERIVATION.—From the Malay word kasiiari, cassowary, because of a fancied resemblance of the leafy twigs to the plumage

of that bird of Australia and New Guinea.

OTHER COM:MON NAMES.—^beefwood (SPN), ''Australian-pine."

CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA L. HORSETAIL CASUARINA

iCastuirina equisetifolia L. in L. & Stickman, Herbar. Amboin. 1754 ; Amoen, Acad. 4: 143. 1759 ; as ''equisefolia."

DERIVATION.—^With leaves like Equisetitm, horsetail.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—horsetail beefwood (SPN), "Australian-pine,'* fbeefwood.

RANGE.—Naturalized in southern Florida including Florida

Keys and in various tropical regions. Native of tropical Asia and

Australasia.

REFERENCE.—Merrill, E. D. Philipp. Bur. Sei. Pub. 9: 179-180.

1917.

Catalpa Scop. (Family Bignoniaceae) cataipa

iCatalpa Scop., Introd. Hist. Nat. 170. 1777.
96 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—The American Indian name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—catawba, Indian-bean.

Catalpa bignonioides Walt. southern catalpa

Bignonia catalpa L., Sp. PI. 622. 1753.

-fCatalpa bignonioides Walt., Fl. Carol. 64. 1788.

Catalpa catalpa (L.) Karst, Deut. Fl. Pharm.-Med. Bot. 927.

[1882.]

DERIVATION.—Like Bignonia, a vine of the same family.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fcommon catalpa, Indian-bean.

RANGE.^—Native probably from southwestern Georgia and

western Florida to Louisiana. Naturalized from southern New

England, New York, and Pennsylvania to Ohio and Michigan,

and south to eastern Texas.

*Catalpa speciosa Warder northern catalpa

fCatalpa speciosa Warder ex Engelm., Bot. Gaz. 5: 1. 1880.

DERIVATION.—Showy, from the clusters of large flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fhardy catalpa, western catalpa,

western catawba-tree, cigar-tree.

RANGE.—Native from southwestern Indiana and southern

Illinois to Missouri, south to western Tennessee and northeastern

Arkansas. Also escaped from cultivation or naturalized from

Virginia to West Virginia, Ohio, and Kansas, and south to eastern

Texas and Louisiana.

Ceanothus L. (Family Rhaninaceae) ceanothus

fCeanothus L., Sp. PI. 195. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 90. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Greek name of a different spiny

plant.

REFERENCES.—McMinn, Howard E. A geographic and taxonomic study of the California species of the genus Ceanothus.

Stanford Univ., Dudley Herbarium Contrib. 1: 121-147, illus.

1930.

McMinn, Howard E. An illustrated manual of California

shrubs. 689 pp., illus. 1939. Ceanothus, pp. 278-320, illus.

McMinn, Howard E. A systematic study of the genus Ceanothus. In Van Rensselaer, Maunsell, and McMinn, Howard E.

Ceanothus, pp. 131-308, illus. 1942.

Ceanothus arboreus Greene feltleaf ceanothus

^Ceanothus arboreus Greene, Calif. Acad. Sei. Bul. 2: 144.

1886.

Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. var. arboreus (Greene) Sarg.,

Gard, and Forest. 2: 364. 1889.

Ceanothus arboreus var. glaber Jeps., Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 619.

1925.

DERIVATION.—Treelike, a small tree with trunk and round

crown ; the species of the genus reaching largest size and unlike the

others in shape.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Catalina ceanothus, fisland-myrtle.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 97

RANGE.—Santa Rosa, Santa Catalina, and Santa Cruz Islands

off the coast of southern California.

Ceanothus spinosus Nutt. spiny ceanothus

iCeanothus spinosus Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FI. No. Amer. 1 :

267. 1838.

DERIVATION.—Spiny, the twigs ending in spines.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—redheart ceanothus (SPN), California-lilac, greenbark ceanothus, redheart, fspiny-myrtle.

RANGE.—Coast ranges of southern California (San Luis Obispo

County to San Diego County) and in northern Lower California,

Mexico.

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Eschsch. blueblossom

•fCeanothiis thyrsiflorus Eschsch., Acad. Imp. Sei. St. Pétersb.

Mém., Ser. 5, 10: 285. 1826; as ''thyrsiflora.''

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. chandleri Jeps., Man. Fl. PL

Calif. 619. 1925.

DERIVATION.—Thyrse-flowered, the flowers in a compact

branched cluster.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—blueblossom ceanothus (SPN), fbluemyrtle, blue-brush, California-lilac.

RANGE.—Outer Coast Range from southwestern Oregon south

to southern California (Santa Barbara County).

Ceanothus velutinus Dougl., snowbrush, generally is a spreading shrub less than 5 feet high but includes a treelike variety.

Ceanothus velutinus var. laevigatus (Hook.) Torr. & Gray has a

maximum height of 20 feet but with several stems from the

ground, according to Van Rensselaer and McMinn (Ceanothus

100, 171. 1942). This variety ranges from Vancouver Island,

British Columbia, and western Washington south to northwestern

California.

Celtis L. (Family Ulmaceae) hackberry

fCeltis L., Sp. PI. 1043. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 467. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name of a species of lotus.

Celtis is a difficult genus with intergrading forms as well as ecological

variations. Since the species are not well defined, it seems unnessary to

distinguish minor variations as varieties. Considerable study of the genus,

both in field and herbarium, is needed.

Celtis canina Raf., see C. occidentalis L.

Celtis crassifolia Lam., see C. occidentalis L.

Celtis douglasii Planch., see C. reticulata Torr.

Celtis georgiana Small, see C. tenuifolia Nutt.

Celtis helleri Small, see C. lindheimeri Engelm.

Celtis laevigata Willd. fsugarberry

fCeltis laevigata Willd., Berl. Baumz. Ed. 2, 81. 1811.

*
98 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Celtus alba Raf., Fl. Ludovic. 25. 1817.

Celtis mississippiensis Bosc in Bosc & Baudrillard, Encycl.

Méth. Agr. 7: 577. 1821 ; nomen nudum.

Celtis mississippiensis Spach, Ann. des Sei. Nat.. Bot,. Ser.

2, 16: 42. 1841.

Celtis texana Scheele, Linnaea 22: 146. 1849.

Celtis smallii Beadle in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 365, 1329.

1903.

fCeltis laevigata var, brachyphylla Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 225.

1919.

-fCeltis laevigata var. smallii (Beadle) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67:

223. 1919.

fCeltis laevigata var. texana (Scheele) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67:

223. 1919.

fCeltis laevigata var. apposita Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bul.

50: 361. 1923.

DERIVATION.—Smooth, referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—sugar hackberry (SPN), hackberry,

Texas sugarberry.

RANGE.—Southeastern Virginia south to southern Florida and

west to southern and western Texas and southeastern New Mexico,

and north in Mississippi Valley to western Oklahoma, southern

Kansas, Missouri, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, and central

Kentucky. Also in northeastern Mexico.

REFERENCE.—Sargent, C. S. Bot. Gaz. 67: 221-222. 1919.

Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. Lindheimer hackberry

iCeltis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch, Dendrol. 2(1):

434. 1872.

Celtis helleri Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 24: 439. 1897.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Ferdinand Lindheimer

(1801-1879), German-born botanical collector and newspaper

editor of New Braunfels, Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fpaloblanco.

RANGE.—Central and southern Texas.

Celtis mississippiensis Bosc, see C. laevigata Willd.

*Celtis occidentalis L. fhackberry

Celtis occidentalis L., Sp. PL 1044. 1753.

Celtis crassifolia Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 4: 138. 1797.

Celtis canina Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. and Grit. Rev. 2:

43. 1817,

Celtis pumila Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 200. 1814.

Celtis occidentalis var. pumila (Pursh) A. Gray, Man. Bot.

North. U. S. Ed. 2, 397. 1856.

iCeltis occidentalis var. crassifolia (Lam.) A. Gray, Man.

Bot. North. U. S. Ed. 2, 397. 1856.

iCeltis occidentalis var. canina (Raf.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67:

217. 1919.

Celtis occidentalis var. submembranacea Fern., Rhodora 37:

425. 1935.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 99

DERIVATION.—^Western; that is, of the western hemisphere.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—common hackberry (SPN), sugarberry.

RANGE.—Massachusetts and New Hampshire to New York,

southern Quebec, southern Ontario, central Michigan, Minnesota,

and central North Dakota, south to western Nebraska, northeastern Colorado, western Kansas, and western Oklahoma, east

to Arkansas, Alabama and Georgia. Also local in southern Manitoba.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L., and Schubert, Bernice G. The

type of Celtis occidentalis L. Rhodora 50: 155-162, pis. 1097,

1098, 1948.

Celtis pumila Pursh, see C. occidentalis L. and note under C.

tenuifolia Nutt.

Celtis reticulata Torr. netleaf hackberry

-fCeltis reticulata Torr., Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. Ann. 2: 247.

1828.

fCeltis douglasii Planch., Ann. des Sei. Nat, Bot., Ser. 3, 10 :

293. 1848.

Celtis laevigata S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 14 :

297. 1879.

Celtis occidentalis L. var. reticulata (Torr.) Sarg., Cat, Forest

Trees No. Amer. 126. 1884.

Celtis mississippiensis var. reticulata (Torr.) Sarg., Silva

No. Amer. 7: 72, pi. 319. 1895.

Celtis rugulosa Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. Plains 207,1061. 1917.

"^Celtis laevigata var. brevipes (S. Wats.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67:

226. 1919.

Celtis reticulata var. vestita Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 221. 1919.

Celtis viïlosula Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. Plains Ed. 2, 1116,

1923.

Celtis laevigata Willd. var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson,

Amer. Jour. Bot. 30: 235. 1943.

DERIVATION.—Reticulate, or netted, referring to the prominent

leaf veins.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fhackberry, western hackberry,

tpaloblanco.

RANGE.—Wyoming to Idaho and western Washington, south to

Oregon, eastern and southern California, and east to Arizona, New

Mexico, and Trans-Pecos and western Texas, and north to western

Oklahoma and Colorado. Also in northern Mexico,

Celtis rugulosa Rydb., see C. reticulata Torr.

Celtis smallii Beadle, see C. laevigata Willd.

Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. Georgia hackberry

Celtis tenuifolia Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PI. 1: 202. 1818.

Celtis georgiana Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 439. 1897.

iCeltis pumila Pursh var. georgianxi (Small) Sarg., Bot. Gazi

67:227. 1919.
100 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Celtis tenuifolia var. georgiana (Small) Fern. & Schubert,

Rhodora 50: 160. 1948.

DERIVATION.—Thin-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fhackberry.

RANGE.—Pennsylvania to Indiana, Missouri, and eastern

Kansas, south to eastern Oklahoma, Louisiana, and northern

Florida.

REFERENCE.—See Celtis occidentalis L.

Fernald and Schubert (Rhodora 50: 160. 1948) have shown that the

shrub or small tree of usually exposed habitats which has been known

as Celtis pumila is C, tenuifolia Nutt. and that C pumita Pursh is a variation of C, occidentalis L.

Celtis texana Scheele, see C. laevîgata Willd.

Celtis villosula Rydb., see C, reticulata Torr.

Cephalanthus L. (Family Rubiaceae) buttonbush

Cephalanthus K, Sp, PI. 95. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 42.

1754.

DERIVATION.—^From Greek head and flower, in reference to the

dense ball-like flower clusters.

Cephalanthus occidentalis L. common buttonbush

Cephalanthus occidentalis L., Sp. PI. 95. 1753.

Cephalanthus occidentalis var. pubescens Raf., Med. Fl. 1:

101. 1828.

Cephalanthus occidentalis var.? californiens Benth., PI.

Hartw. 314. 1849.

DERIVATION.—Western, referring to the western hemisphere.

RANGE.—Western Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Maine,

west to southern Quebec, southern Ontario, southern Michigan,

and southeastern Minnesota, south to southeastern Nebraska, central Kansas, and Trans-Pecos and southern Texas, and east to

southern Florida, and west from southern New Mexico to central

Arizona and central California. Also south to southern Mexico

(from Chihuahua to Guerrero and Veracruz) and in Cuba. Recorded from eastern Asia.

Cephalocereus Pfeiff. (Family Cactaceae) cephalocereus

Cephalophorus Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov. Hort. Monvill. p. xii.

1838 (before May 5). Not Cephalophora Cav., Icon. Descr.

PI. Hisp. 6: 79, pi. 599. 1801.

^Cephalocereus Pfeiff., Allg. Gartenz. 6: 142. 1838 (May 5).

Nom, conserv, propos,, Werdermann, Kakteenkunde 1937:

129-130, illus. 1937. Little, Madroño 7: 249-250. 1944 ;

Brittonia 7: 47. 1949.

Pilocereus Lem., Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. Hort. Monvill. 6. 1839.

DERIVATION.—From head and Cereus, a cactus genus, perhaps

referring to the crown of long hair.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 101

Cephalocereus deeringii Small Deering cephalocereus

fCephalocereus deeringii Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 18:

201, pi. 206. 1917.

Pilocereus deeringii (Small) Knuth in Backeberg & Knuth,

Kaktus-ABC 330. 1935.

DERIVATION.—Named for Charles Deering, whose deep interest

in the botanical exploration of Florida and in the preservation of

its hammocks and rare plants enabled Small to study this cactus.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Matecumbe pilocereus (SPN), treecactus.

RANGE.—Upper Florida Keys, from Big Pine Key to Upper

Matecumbe Key.

Cephalocereus keyensis Britton & Eose Key West cephalocereus

Cephalocereus keyensis Britton & Rose, U. S. Nati. Mus.

Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 12: 516. 1909.

Cereus keyensis (Britton & Rose) Vaupel, Monatsschr. f.

Kakteenkunde 23: 23. 1913.

Pilocereus keyensis (Britton & Rose) Knuth in Backeberg &

Knuth, Kaktus-ABC 331. 1935.

DERIVATION.—Of the key, referring to Key West, where it was

discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—tree-cactus.

RANGE.—^Lower Florida Keys, from Key West to Big Pine Key.

A shrub or small tree up to 20 feet high, according to Small (Man.

Southeast. Fl. 917. 1933).

Cerasus Adans., see Prunus L.

Cercidium Tulasne (Family Leguminosae) paloverde

Parkinsonia L., Sp. PI. 375. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 177.

1754 ; in part.

Cercidium Tulasne, Arch. Mus. Paris 4: 133. 1844.

Cercidiopsis Britton & Rose, No. Amer. Fl. 23: 306. 1930.

DERIVATION.—^Latinized from Greek kerkidion, a weaver's comb,

from a fancied resemblance to the pod.

REFERENCES.—Benson, Lyman, Taxonomic contributions. I.

The native palo verdes of Arizona. Amer. Jour. Bot. 27: 186-187,

illus. 1940.

Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Rose, Joseph Nelson. Parkinsonia. Cercidiopsis. Cercidium. No. Amer. Fl. 23: 305-309.

1930.

Johnston, Ivan M. Taxonomic records concerning American

spermatophytes. 1. Parkinsonia and Cercidium. Gray Herbarium, Harvard Univ., Contrib., New Ser. 70: 61-68. 1924.

Cercidium floridum Benth. blue paloverde

Cercidium floridum Benth. ex A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 58.

1852.

Parkinsonia florida (Benth.) S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts

and Sei. Proa 11: 135. 1876.
102 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Parkinsonia torreyana S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei.

Proc. 11: 135. 1876.

iCercidium torreyamim (S. Wats.) Sarg., Gard, and Forest

2:388. 1889.

DERIVATION.—Full of flowers, appropriate because of the abundant showy yellow flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—tP^loverde, paloverde azul.

RANGE.—Southern and central Arizona west to southeastern

California. Also in northwestern Mexico (Lower California,

Sonora, and Sinaloa).

Johnston (Gray Herbarium, Harvard Univ., Contrib., New Ser. 70:

61-92. 1924) and Benson (Amer. Jour. Bot. 27: 186-190, illus. 1940)

have shown that the older name, Cercidium floridum Benth., belongs to this

species, which has generally been known as C. torreyanum (S. Wats.) Sarg.

To the species of Texas and northeastern Mexico formerly known as C

floridumy the name C macrum Johnst. has been given.

Cercidium macrum Johnst. border paloverde

Cercidium macrum Johnst., Gray Herbarium, Harvard Univ.,

Contrib., New Ser. 70: 64. 1924.

DERIVATION.—Long.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fTexas paloverde.

RANGE.—Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas. Nuevo León, and Coahuila).

Formerly referred to \Cercidium floridum Benth. (ex A. Gray, PL

Wright. 1: 58. 1852) and included nnder that name in the 1927 Check List.

Cercidium microphyllum (Torr.) Rose & Johnst. yellow paloverde

Parkinsonia microphylla Torr., Rpt. Expl. Surv. Miss. Pacif.

4(5) : 82. 1857; nomen subnvdum.

^Parkinsonia microphylla Torr., U. S. Hex. Bound. Surv. Bot,

59. 1859.

Cercidium microphyllum (Torr.) Rose & Johnston in Johnston, Gray Herbarium, Harvard Univ., Contrib., New Ser.

70: 66. 1924.

Cercidiopsis microphylla (Torr.) Britton & Rose, No. Amer,

Fl. 23:306. 1930.

DERIVATION.—Little-leaf, describing the minute leaflets.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—littleleaf paloverde (SPN), flittleleaf horsebean, paloverde, foothill paloverde.

RANGE.—Southern and central Arizona and local in southeastern California. Also in northwestern Mexico (Lower California and Sonora).

Cercis L. (Family Leguminosae) redbud

fCercis L., Sp. PI. 374. 1753 ; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 176. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Greek name of Cercis siliquastrum

L., Judas-tree, of southern Europe and western Asia.

REFERENCES.—Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Rose, Joseph Nelson. Cercis. No. Amer. Fl. 23: 201-202. 1930.

Hopkins, Milton. Cercis in North America. Rhodora 44:

193-211, illus. 1942.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 103

Cercis canadensîs L. eastern redbnd

Cercis canadensis var. canadensis eastern redbud (typical)

iCercis canadensis L., Sp. PL 374. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Of Canada, erroneously thought to be the native

home. However, now known from extreme southern Ontario.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Judas-tree fredbud.

RANGE.—Connecticut and southern New York west to extreme

southern Ontario, southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin, Iowa,

and eastern Nebraska, and south to southern Texas and northern

Florida. Also in northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas and Nuevo

León).

Cercis canadensis var. texensis (S. Wats.) Hopkins fTexas redbud

Cercis reniformis Engelm. ex Scheele in Roemer, Texas 428.

1849 ; nomen nudum.

Cercis occidentalis Torr, var., A. Gray, Boston Jour. Nat,

Hist 6: 177. 1850.

Cercis occidentalis var. texensis S. ¥7ats., Bibl. Index No.

Amer. Bot. 209. 1878.

fCercis reniformis Engelm. ex S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts

and Sei. Proc. 17: 348. 1882.

Cercis texensis (S. Wats.) Sarg., Gard, and Forest 4: 448.

1891.

Cercis mexicana Rose in Britton & Rose, No. Amer. FL 23 :

202. 1930.

Cercis canadensis var. mexicana (Rose) Hopkins, Rhodora

44: 208. 1942.

Cercis canudensisvar. texensis (S. Wats.) Hopkins, Rhodora

44:203. 1942.

DERIVATION.—Of Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Mexican redbud.

RANGE.—Southern Oklahoma (Arbuckle Mountains) and from

eastern to western Texas, including Edwards Plateau and TransPecos Texas, and south to northeastern Mexico (Coahuila to

Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí).

Cercis occidentalis Torr. fCalifornia redbud

fCercis occidentalis Torr, ex A. Gray, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist,

6: 177. 1850.

Cercis arizonica Rose ex N. N. Dodge, Grand Canyon Nat.

Hist Assoc. Nat. Hist. Bui. 3: 56, fig. 1936 ; without Latin

diagnosis.

Cercis occidentalis var. orbiculata (Greene) Tidestrom in

Tidestrom & Kittell, Fl. Ariz. New Mex. 155. 1941.

DERIVATION.—^Western.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Arizona redbud, western redbud.

RANGE.—Southeastern Utah west to southern Nevada and

Tiorthern California, and south to southern California and southern

Arizona.
104 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Cercocarpus H. B. K. (Family Rosaceae) cercocarpus

iCercocarpits H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 6: 232, pL 559. 1823.

DERIVATION.—^From tail and fruit, referring to the long-tailed

hairy fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^mountain-mahogany (SPN).

REFERENCES.—Dunkle. M. D. A revision of the Channel

Islands forms of Cercocarpus. South. Calif. Acad. Sei. Bul. 39:

1-2. 1940.

Martin, Floyd L. A revision of Cercocai*pus. Brittonia 7: 91-

111, illus. 1950.

Rydberg, Per Axel. Cercocarpus. No. Amer. Fl. 22: 418-424.

1913.

Cercocarpus alnifolms Rydb., see C. betuloides var. blancheae

(Schneid.) Little

Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. birchleaf cercocarpus

RANGE.—Central Arizona and from western Oregon south

through California to northern Lower California, Mexico.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^fbirchleaf mountain-mahogany

(SPN), plume-tree.

Cercocarpus betuloides var. betuloides

birchleaf cercocarpus (typical)

•fCercocarpus betuloides Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer.

1: 427. 1840 (June).

Cercocarpus parvifolius Nutt. var. glaber S. Wats., Bot. Calif.

1: 175. 1876.

Cercocarpus parvifolius var. betuloides (Nutt.) Sarg., Silva

No. Amer. 4: 66. 1892.

Cercocarpus douglasii Rydb., No. Amer. Fl. 22: 421. 1913.

Cercocarpus betuloides var. multiflorus Jeps., Man. Fl. PI

Calif. 503. 1925.

Cercocarpus montanus Raf. var. glaber (S. Wats.) F. L.

Martin, Brittonia 7: 101. 1950.

DERIVATION.—Like Betula, birch, from the resemblance of the

leaves to those of dwarf birches.

RANGE.—Same as species.

Cercocarpus betuloides var. blancheae (Schneid.) Little

alderleaf cercocarpus

Cercocarpus betulaefolius var. blancheae Schneid., Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 14: 127. 1905.

'\Cercocarpus alnifolius Rydb., No. Amer. Fl. 22: 421. 1913.

Cercocarpus betuloides [var.] alnifolius (Rydb.) Dunkle,

South. Calif. Acad. Sei. Bul. 39: 2. 1940.

Cercocarpus montanus Raf. var. blancheae (Schneid.) F. L.

Martin, Brittonia 7: 103. 1950.

Cercocarpus betuloides var. blancheae (Schneid.) Little, Phytologia 4:308. 1953.

DERIVATION.—Named for Luella Blanche (Engle) Trask, who

discovered it in 1896.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 105

OTHER COMMON NAMES. — falderleaf mountain-mahogany

(SPN).

RANGE.—Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catalina Islands

off the coast of southern California.

Cercocarpus betuloides var. macrourus (Rydb.) Jeps.

Cercocarpus macrourus Rydb., No. Amer. Fl. 22: 420. 1913.

Cercocarpus betuloides var. macrourus (Rydb.) Jeps., Man.

Fl. PI. Calif. 503. 1925.

Cercocarpus montanus Raf. var. macrourus (Rydb.) F. L.

Martin, Brittonia 7: 104. 1950.

DERIVATION.—Long-tailed, describing the fruit.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oregon and northern California.

Shrub or small tree to 16 feet tall.

Cercocarpus betuloides var. traskiae (Eastw.) Dunkle

Catalina cercocarpus

^Cercocarpus traskiae Eastw., Calif. Acad. Sei. Proc. Bot,

Ser. 3, 1: 136, pi. 11, fig. 7. 1898.

Cercocarpus betuloides [var.] traskiae (Eastw.) Dunkle,

South. Calif. Acad. Sei. Bul. 39: 2. 1940.

Cercocarpus montâmes Raf. var. traskiae (Eastw.) F. L.

Martin, Brittonia 7: 103. 1950. ¡

DERIVATION.—Named for Luella Blanche (Engle) Trask, who

made plant collections on Santa Catalina Island, where she lived,

discovering this variety in 1897.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Catalina mountain-mahogany (SPN),

fbigleaf mountain-mahogany.

RANGE.—Santa Catalina Island off the coast of southern California. Very rare and very local.

Cercocarpus breviflorus A. Gray hairy cercocarpus

Cercocarpus breviflorus A. Gray, Smithsn. Contrib. Knowl.

5(6) (PL Wright. Pt. 2) : 54. 1853.

Cercocarpus parvifolius var. paucidentatus S. Wats., Amer.

Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 17: 353. 1882.

Cercocarpus parvifolius var. breviflorus (A. Gray) M, E.

Jones, Zoë 2: 245. 1891.

Cercocarpus parvifolius var. brevifolius Sarg., Silva No.

Amer. 4: 66. 1892.

'\Cercocarpus paucidentatus (S. Wats.) Britton, N. Y. Acad.

Sei. Trans. 14: 31. 1894.

Cercocarpus breviflorus var. ? eximius Schneid., lUus. Handb.

Laubholzk. 1: 530. 1905.

Cercocarpus eximius (Schneid.) Rydb., No. Amer» FL 22:

422. 1913.

Cercocarpus montanus Raf. var. paucidentatus (S. Wats.)

F. L. Martin, Brittonia 7: 104. 1950.

DERIVATION.—Short-flowered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Wright mountain-mahogany (SPN),

fhairy mountain-mahogany.
106 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas to northern New Mexico and northern Arizona, south to northern Mexico (eastern Sonora to Nuevo

León, south to San Luis Potosí and Hidalgo).

Cercocarpus douglasii Rydb., see C. betuloides Nutt.

Cercocarpus eximius (Schneid.) Rydb., see C. breviflorus A. Gray

Cercocarpus hypoleucus Rydb., see C. ledifoliiis Nutt.

Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. curlleaf cercocarpus

'\'Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer.

1: 427. 1840.

Cercocarpus ledifolius var. intercedens Schneid., Deut. Dendrol Gesell. Mitt. 14: 128. 1905.

Cercocarpus hypoleucus Rydb., No. Amer. Fl. 22: 424. 1913.

Cercocarpus ledifolius var. hypoleucus (Rydb.) M. E. Peck,

Man. PI. Ore. 407. 1941 ; Madroño 6: 134. 1941.

DERIVATION.—With leaves like Ledum, Labrador-tea, a shrub

with similar shaped leathery leaves with margins rolled under

the lower surface densely hairy.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fcurlleaf mountain-mahogany (SPN).

RANGE.—Northern Wyoming, western Montana, Idaho, southeastern Washington, and eastern Oregon, south to southeastern

California, Nevada, Utah, northern Arizona, and western Colorado. Also in northern Lower California, Mexico.

Cercocarpus macrourus Rydb., see C. betuloides var. macrourus

(Rydb.) Jeps.

Cercocarpus paucidentatus (S. Wats.) Britton, see C* breviflorus

A. Gray

Cercocarpus traskiae Eastw.y see C. betuloides var. traskiae

(Eastw.) Dunkle

Cereus Mill. (Family Cactaceae) cereus

Cereus Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 1. 1754.

Cereus Trew, PL Select., pi. 31. 1754.

Cereus subg. Lophocereus Berg., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt.

16 ' 62. 1905.

fCarnegiea Britton & Rose, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 9: 187,

pis. 48-52, fig. 32. 1908.

Lemaireocereus Britton & Rose, U. S. Nati. Mus. Contrib.

U. S. Nati. Herbarium 12: 424. 1909.

Lophocereus Britton & Rose, U. S. Nati. Mus. Contrib. U. S.

Nati. Herbarium 12: 426. 1909.

The monotypie genus Carnegîea Britton & Rose, accepted in the 1927

Check List, is regarded by most conservative specialists as not distinct from

Cereus Mill.

DERIVATION.—Perhaps from Latin, wax candle, from the

resemblance of the stems of some species.

REFERENCES.—Benson, Lyman. The cacti of Arizona. Ed. 2,

134 pp., illus. 1950. Cereus, pp. 66-76, illus.
CHECK LIST OP TREES Oî" THE UNITED STATES 107

Vaupel, F. Cereus, In Engler, A., and Prantl, K. Natürl.

Pflanzenfam. Ed. 2, 21: 633-642, illus. 1925.

Cereus giganteus Engelm. saguaro

Cereus giganteus Engelm. in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconn. Ft.

Leav. Calif. 158, pi. 1848; as ''gigantens'' but spelled

^'giganteus'' on plate opposite p. 72.

•fCarnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Jour. 9: 188, pis. 48-52, fig. 32. 1908.

DERIVATION.—Giant.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fgiant cactus, pitahaya.

RANGE.—Southern, central, and southwestern Arizona, and

local in southeastern California. Also in Sonora, Mexico.

Two species of treelike cacti of southern Arizona and adjacent northern

Mexico may be mentioned here though technically not trees because they

lack a single trunk. Instead, from or near the ground they have many erect

columnar branches 5 to 20 feet high and 4 to 8 inches in diameter and are

unbranched above unless injured. They are: Cereus schottii Engelm.

(Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britton & Rose), senita; Cereus thurberi

Engelm. (Lemaireocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Britton & Rose), organpipe

cactus.

In southern Florida are other treelike cacti which have been placed also

in the segregate genus Harrisia Britton, apple-cactus. These cacti, described

as succulent shrubs by Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 915-916, illus. 1933),

have slender fluted cylindrical stems, simple or branched, and erect, reclining, or clambering, becoming as much as 16 to 20 feet high. More information is desired whether the larger individuals are definitely erect and otherwise meet the definition of trees. In addition to a smaller species, these

two species, which have been transferred to Cereus by Little (Amer. Midland

Nat. 33: 495-496. 1945), may be treelike: Cereus aboriginum (Small)

Little (Harrisia aboriginum Small), shellmound apple-cactus; Cereus fragrans (Small) Little (Harrisia fragrans Small), fragrant apple-cactus.

Cerothamnus Tidestr., see Myrica L.

Chamaecyparis Spach (Family Pinaceae) white-cedar

iChamaecyparis Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. Phanér. 11: 329.

1842.

DERIVATION.—From the Greek name of lavender-cotton, or

ground-cypress (Santolina chamaecyparrisus L.), a dwarf shrubby

Old World composite, which resembles a dwarf cypress.

(3THER COMMON NAME.—false-cypress (SPN).

REFERENCE.—See under Cupressus L.

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Pari. fPort-Orford-cedar

Cupressus lawsoniana A. Murr., Edinb. New Phil. Jour.. New

Ser. 1: 292, pi. 10. 1855.

Chamaecyparis lawsonii Pari, Fir. Mus. Fis. Stör. Nat. Ann.,

Nuov. Ser. 1: 161, 174, 181, pi. 3. 1865 ; nomen nudum,

•fChamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Pari, in A DC

Prodr. 16(2): 464. 1868.

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of Peter Lawson and Sons,

nurserymen of Edinburgh, who introduced this species into cultivation. The seeds were purchased from William Murray, who col-
108 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

lected them in California in 1854 and whose brother named the

species. Charles Lawson (1794-1873), son of the founder, was a

leader in Scottish agriculture.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Lawson false-cypress (SPN), Lawson

cypress, Oregon-cedar, Port-Orford white-cedar.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oregon (Coos Bay) south to northwestern CaUfornia (Klamath River).

*Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach fAlaska-cedar

Cupressus nootkatensis D. Don in Lamb., Descr. Genus Pinus

2: [18]» 1824 (not seen; seen in Ed. 2, 2: 113. 1828).

^Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach, Hist. Nat.

Vég. Phanér. 11: 333. 1842 ; as ''nutkatensis."

DERIVATION.—Named for Nootka Sound, on Vancouver Island,

British Columbia, Vv^here it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^Nootka false-cypress (SPN), Alaska

cypress, Sitka cypress, yellow cypress, yellow-cedar, Alaska

yellow-cedar.

RANGE.—^Pacific coast region from southeastern Alaska soutneast to western British Columbia and western Washington, and

south in-Cascade Mountains to western Oregon. Also local in Blue

Mountains of northeastern Oregon and in northwestern California

(Siskiyou County).

*Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B. S. P. Atlantic white-cedar

Cupressus thyoides L., Sp. PI. 1003. 1753.

-fChamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B. S. P., Prel. Cat. Anth. Pter.

N. Y. 71. 1888.

DERIVATION.—Like Thuya, a related genus containing northern

white-cedar. , ^ ^ .„•T.XTX

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—white-cedar false-cypress (SPN),

swamp-cedar, white-cedar, fsouthern white-cedar (lumber).

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern Maine to northern

Florida, west to southern Mississippi.

Chilopsis D. Don (Family Bignoniaceae) desertwiliow

iChilopsis D. Don, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 9: 261. 1823.

DERIVATION.—With the appearance of a lip, the corolla having a

distinct lip.

Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet fdesertwillow

Bignonia linearis Cav., Icon. Descr. PI. 3: 35, pi. 269. 1794.

Chilopsis saligna D. Don, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 9: 262. 1823.

fChilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 283. 1827.

Chilopsis glutinosa Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. Tour North.

Mex. 94. 1848 ; nom, provisor.

Chilopsis linearis var. arcuata Fosberg, Madroño 3: 366.

1936.

Chilopsis linearis var. glutinosa (Engelm.) Fosberg, Madroño

3: 365. 1936.

DERIVATION.—Linear, referring to the very narrow leaves.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 109

RANGE.—Central and southern Texas west to Trans-Pecos

Texas, southern and central New Mexico, northwestern Arizona,

southwestern Utah, southeastern Nevada, and southeastern California. Also south in northern Mexico to Lower California,

Sonora, Zacatecas, and Tamaulipas.

REFERENCE.—Fosberg, F. Raymond. Varieties of the desert

willow, Chilopsis linearis. Madroño 3: 363-366. 1936.

Chionanthus L. (Family Oleaceae) fringetree

iChionanthus L., Sp. PI. 8. 1753 ; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 9. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, snow and flower, in reference to the

light and snow-white flower clusters.

Chionanthus virginicus L. tfringetree

fChionanthus virginicus L., Sp. PI. 8. 1753; as ''virginica''

DERIVATION.—Of Virginia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—white fringetree (SPN), old-man'sbeard.

RANGE.—New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania to West Virginia, southern Ohio, Kentucky, and southern Missouri, south to

southeastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas, and east to central

Florida.

Chrysobalanus L. (Family Rosaceae) coco-plum

^Chrysohalanus L., Sp, PI. 513. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 229.

1754.

DERIVATION.—^Literally golden acorn, apparently in allusion to

the yellow fruit which the type species (C. icaco) sometimes

exhibits.

Chrysobalanus icaco L. icaco coco-plum

Chrysobalanus icaco var. icaco icaco coco-plum (typical)

^Chrysobalanus icaco L., Sp. PL 513. 1753.

DERIVATION.—The native or Spanish name of the fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fcoco-plum.

RANGE.—Southern Florida north on east coast to Cape Canaveral and on Florida Keys. Also in West Indies, Mexico, Central

America, South America, and recorded from tropical western

Africa.

Chrysobalanus icaco var. pellocarpus (G. F. W. Mey.) DC.

smallfruit coco-plum

Chrysobalanus pellocarpus G. F. W. Mey., Prin. Fl. Esseq.

193. 1818.

^Chrysobalanus icaco ß pellocarpus (G. F. W. Mey,) DC,

Prodr. 2:525. 1825.

Chrysobalanus interior Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 645. 1933.

DERIVATION.—^With dark-colored fruit.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, West Indies, and northern South

America.
lio AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Chrysolepis Hjelmqvist, see Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach

Chrysophyllum L. (Family Sapotaceae) goldenleaf

fChrysophyllum L., Sp. PL 192. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 88.

1754.

DERIVATION.—Golden leaf, from the color of the lower leaf surface.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—starapple (SPN).

REFERENCE.—Cronquist, Arthur. Studies in the Sapotaceae—

I. The North American species of Chrysophyllum. Torrey Bot.

Club Bul. 72: 192-205. 1945.

Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. fsatinleaf

^Chrysophyllum oliviforme L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 937.

1759; as''oZm/or."

DERIVATION.—Olive-formed, referring to the fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—satinleaf starapple (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

Bahama Islands and Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola,

and Puerto Rico).

Cicca L., see Phyllanthus L.

CINNAMOMUM Trew (Family Lauraceae) CINNAMON

iCinnamomum Trew, Herb. Blackw., Cent. 4, pi. 354. 1760.

Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned Indie 568. 1825.

Camphora Trew, Herb. Blackw., Cent. 4, pi. 347. 1760.

Nees in Wall., PL As. Rar. 2: 61. 1831.

DERIVATION.—The ancient name, coming into Latin through

Hebrew and Greek.

CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA (L.) Nees & Eberm. CAMPHOR-TREE

Laurus camphora L., Sp. PI. 369. 1753.

•^Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm., Handb. Med.-

Pharm. Bot. 2: 430. 1831.

Camphora camphora (L.) Karst., Deut. Fl. Pharm.-Med. Bot.

504. 1882.

DERIVATION.-—Camphor, the ancient name.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation from Florida to Louisiana

and recorded as naturalized in Florida. Native of tropical Asia

and Malaya to China and Japan and planted in tropics throughout

the world.

Citharexylum L. (Family Verbenaceae) fiddlewood

fCitharexylum L., Sp. PI. 625. 1753; as "Citharexylum*';

Gen. PL Ed. 5, 273. 1754 ; as ''Citharexylon."

DERIVATION,—^A translation of the English West Indian name

fiddlewood, and the French equivalent, referring to the use of the

very hard, heavy, strong wood for musical instruments.

The variant spelling "Citharexylon" was used in the 1927 Check

List.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 111

Citharexylum berlandieri Robinson, Berlandier fiddlewood, a

shrub of extreme southern Texas (Willacy, Hidalgo, and Cameron

Counties), becomes a small tree southward in northern Mexico.

Citharexylum fruticosum L. Florida fiddlewood

-fCitkarexylum fruticosum L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 115.

1759 ; as *'fruticosJ'

Citharexylum villosum Jacq., Coll. Bot. 1: 72. 1786; Icon.

PI. Ear. 1: pi. 118. 1786 (?).

Citharexylum fruticosum var. ß villosum (Jacq.) 0. E. Schulz

in Urban, Symb. Ant. 6: 63. 1909.

Citharexylum fruticosum var. subvillosum Moldenke, Repert.

Spec. Novarum Regni Veg. 37: 223. 1934.

DERIVATION.—Shrubby.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^ffiddlewood.

RANGE.—Central and southern Florida, including Florida Keys.

Also in West Indies.

CITRUS L. (Family Rutaceae) CITRUS

Citrus L., Sp. PL 782. 1753 ; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 341. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, citron ; Pliny the Elder, (23-79 A.

D.) Roman naturalist, also used citrus for the citron tree (Citrus

medica h.).

REFERENCE.—Swingle, Walter T. The botany of Citrus and its

wild relatives of the orange subfamily (family Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae). Pp. 129-474, illus. In Webber, Herbert

John, and Batchelor, Leon Dexter, eds. The citrus industry. V.

1,1028 pp., illus. 1943 [1944].

The five introduced species of Citnis in the 1927 Check List are retained

here, though perhaps only one, C aurantium L., is extensively naturalized.

Small (Fl. Southeast. U. S. 678, 1903; Man. Southeast. Fl. 760-761. 1933)

recorded all these species as spontaneous or naturalized in southern Florida

and the Florida Keys. He noted that these early Spanish introductions,

among the first fruit trees introduced in America, were sown in the more

remote parts as well as in the coastal regions and had maintained a foot^

hold in the hammocks and in the kitchenmiddens. More recent information on

the status of these species as naturalized is needed. Two additional cultivated species not recorded as naturalized are Citrus paradisi Macf., grapefruit, and Citrus reticulata Blanco, mandarin orange or tangerine.

CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA (L.) Swingle LIME

Limonia aurantifolia [Christmann in] L., Pfanzensyst. nach

13 Lat. Ausg. Holl. Houttuyn. 1: 618. 1777.

Citrus lima Lunan, Hort. Jamaic. 1: 451. 1814.

Citrus aurantifolia (Christmann) Swingle, Wash. Acad. Sei.

Jour. 3: 365. 1913.

DERIVATION.—Orange-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—key lime.

RANGE.—Naturalized in Florida, including Florida Keys, according to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 761. 1933). Widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Native of East Indian

Archipelago.
112 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

ClTEUS AUKANTIUM L. SOUR ORANGE

Citrus aurantium L., Sp. PI. 782. 1753.

Citrus vulgaris Risse, Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Ann. 20: 190.

1813.

DERIVATION.—Orange.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—bittersweet orange, fSeville orange.

RANGE.—Naturalized in Florida and Georgia. Widely naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions. Native of southeastern

Asia.

Citrus lima Lunan, see C. AURANTIFOLIA (L.) Swingle

CITRUS LIMON (L.) Burm. f. fLEMON

Citrus medica ß limon L., Sp. PI. 782. 1753.

Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., FI. Ind. 173. 1768.

Citrus limonum Risso, Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Ann. 20: 201,

1813.

iCitrus limonia Osbeck, Canton lemon, to which the European lemon

has been referred, is a Chinese hybrid and different.

DERIVATION.—^Lemon.

RANGE.—Naturalized in Florida, including Florida Keys, according to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 761. 1933). Widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Origin uncertain and

perhaps relatively recent, possibly from southeastern Asia.

REFERENCE.—Tanaka, Tyozaburo. On the scientific name of

lemon. [Japanese with English summary.] Kyushu Imp. Univ.,

Dept. Agr. Bui. Sei. 1: 59-69. 1925.

CITRUS MEDICA L. ICITRON

jCitrus medica L., Sp. PI. 782. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Healing, or medicinal.

RANGE.—Naturalized in Florida, including Florida Keys, according to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 761. 1933). Widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Native home uncertain, possibly Arabia, India, or China.

CITRUS SINENSIS Osbeck SWEET ORANGE

Citrus aurantium ß sinensis L., Sp. PL 783. 1753.

fCitrus sinensis Osbeck, Reise Ostind. China 250. 1765.

Formerly referred to Citinis aurantium L.

DERIVATION.—Of China.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—forango.

RANGE.—Naturalized in Florida, including Florida Keys, according to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 761. 1933). Widely

cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Probably originally

native of China, Indo-China, or other southeastern Asiatic regions

but no longer known as truly wild.

Citrus vulgaris Risso, see C. AURANTIUM L,
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 113

Cladrastis Raf. (Family Leguminosae) yellowwood

-fCladrdstis Raf., Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 1: 60. 1824.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, brittle and branch.

Cladrastis lutea (Michx. f,) K. Koch fyellowwood

Virgilia lutea Michx. f., Hist. Arbr. For. Amer. Sept. 3:

266, pi. 3, 1813.

fCladrastis lutea (Michx. f.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 1: 6. 1869.

DERIVATION.—Yellow, referring to the color of the wood, which

produces a yellow dye.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^American yellowwood (SPN), virgilia.

RANGE.—^Western North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, southern Indiana (Brown County), and southern Illinois (Alexander

County), south to northern Alabama and extreme northern

Georgia. Also from southwestern Missouri to central Arkansas

and northeastern Oklahoma. Rare and local.

Clethra L. (Family Clethraceae) clethra

Clethra L., Sp. PI. 296. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5. 188. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From the classical Greek name of alder, later

applied to this genus perhaps because of the resemblance of the

foliage.

Clethra ficuminata Michx. cinnamon clethra

Clethra acuminata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 260. 1803.

DERIVATION.—^Acuminate, or taper-pointed, referring to the

leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—summer-sweet, white-alder.

RANGE.—Mountains of Virginia and West Virginia to eastern

Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia.

A shrub or sometimes a small tree to 20 feet high. This species, which

was not in the 1927 Check List, is the only tree species of the single

genus Clethra of the family Clethraceae found in the United States. This

family is sometimes included in the Ericaceae.

Cliftonia Banks (Family Cyrillaceae) buckwheat-tree

jCUftonia Banks ex Gaertn. f., Sup. Fruct. Sem. PI. 3: 246,

pi. 225, fig. 5. 1807.

DERIVATION.—Named in memory of Francis Clifton (died

1736), an English physician.

Cliftonia monophylla (Lam.) Britton buckwheat-tree

Ptelea monophylla Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 336.

1791 (?).

Cliftonia nitida Gaertn. f., Sup. Fruct. Sem. PI. 3; 247, pi.

225, fig. 5. 1807.

Cliftonia Ugustrina (Willd.) Sims ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2:

316. 1825.

•fCliftonia monx>phylla (Lam.) Britton ex Sarg., Silva No.

Amer. 2: 7, pi. 52. 1891.
114 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern South Carolina to

Georgia and northwestern Florida, west to southeastern Louisiana.

DERIVATION.—One-leaf, or simple leaf; this species originally

placed in Ptelea L., hoptree, a genus with trifoliolate leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—ftiti, black titi, ironwood.

Clistoyucca (Engelm.) TreL, see Yucca L.

Clusla L. (Family Guttiferae) clusia

Clusia L., Sp. PI. 509. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 226. 1754.

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of Carolus Clusius (Charles de

TEcIuse; 1526-1609) French physician, botanist, and zoologist;

perhaps best known for his drawings of West Indian plants and

animals.

Clusia L., the only native tree genus of the family Guttiferae (Clusiaceae),

is added here with one very rare species in the lower Florida Keys which

has been rediscovered there in recent years. A second species, Clusia flava

Jacq. (Enum. PL Carib. 34. 1760), was recorded by Nuttall (No. Amer.

Sylva 2: 111-113, pi. 77. 1846) from incomplete material collected at Key

"West by John Loomis Biodgett more than a century ago. That species,

which has not been found there by other collectors, was mentioned also by

Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 865. 1933).

Clusia rosea Jacq, copey clusia

Clusia rosea Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 34. 1760 ; as "Glusia'*

but corrected in index to ''Clusia.*^

DERIVATION.—Rose, from the whitish to rose-coloreá petals.

RANGE.—Big Pine Key and Little Torch Key, near Key West,

Fla., where it is very rare. Also in West Indies and from southern

Mexico (Chiapas) to Central America and northern South

America.

Collected at Big Pine Key more than a century ago by John Loomis Blodgett and then "lost/' according to Small (Man. Southeast. FL 865. 1933).

In 1938 rediscovered there by Walter M. Buswell (Native Trees Palms So,

Fla. Miami Univ. Bui. 19(6): 33-34. 1945) and by Walter S. PhiUips

and Roy Woodbury. Included and illustrated by West and Arnold (Native

Trees Fla. 143, fig. 1946).

Coccoloba p. Br. (Family Polygonaceae) seagrape

Guaiahara Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 2. 1754.

\Coccolobis P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 209, pi. 14, fig.

3. 1756.

Uvifera Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 561. 1891.

Coccoloba P. Br. ex L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1007, 1367.

1759. Norn, conserv. propos., Little, Madroño 7: 244-246,

1944; Brittonia 7: 44. 1949.

DERIVATION.—Lobed berry, referring to the calyx lobes of the

grapelike fruits.

REFERENCE.—^Howard, Richard A. The genus Coccoloba in

Cuba. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 30: 388-424. 1949.

Coccoloba diversîfolia Jacq. daveplum

Coccoloba diversifoUa Jacq., Enum. PL Carib. 19. 1760;

Select Stirp. Amer. 114, pi. 76. 1763.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 115

Coccoloba floridana Meisn. in DC, Prodr. 14: 165. 1856.

Coccoloba curtissii Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. 13: 159. 1890.

DERIVATION.—Variable-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^pigeon seagrape (SPN), fpigeonplum.

RANGE.—Near coasts of southern Florida, north on east coast

to Cape Canaveral and on Florida Keys. Also in West Indies,

including Bahama Islands and Greater and Lesser Antilles.

REFERENCE.—Dayton, William A. Rhodora 54: 77-79. 1952.

In the 1927 Check List, and by most recent authors referred to "fCoccoloba

laurifolia Jacq., a species described from Venezuela.

Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. fs^agrape

Polygonum uvifera L., Sp. PI. 365. 1753.

^Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1007. 1759.

Guaiabara uvifera (L.) House, Amer. Midland Nat. 8: 64.

1922; as ''Guajabara."

DERIVATION.—Bearing grapes, from the resemblance of the

fruit clusters to grapes.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—-common seagrape (SPN).

RANGE.—Shores of central and southern Florida, including

Florida Keys. Also widely distributed on coasts of Bermuda, West

Indies, and from northern Mexico (Tamaulipas and Sinaloa southward) south to Central America and northern South America.

Coccothrinax Sarg. (Family Palmae) silverpalm

-^CoccothHnax Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 27: 87. 1899.

DERIVATION.—From berry and Thrinax, thatchpalm, in reference to the berrylike fruit and relationship with that genus.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—seamberry palm.

REFERENCE.—Bailey, L. H. Coccothrinax of Florida. Gentes

Herbarum 4: 220-225, illus. 1939.

Coccothrinax argentata (Jacq.) Bailey Florida silverpalm

Palma argentata Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 38, pi. 43, fig. 1. 1803.

fCocoothrinax jucunda Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 27: 89, 1899.

Coccothrinax argentata (Jacq.) Bailey, Gentes Herbarum

4: 223, figs. 140-143. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Silvery, from the silvery white lovN^er leaf surfaces.

OTHER COMMON NAMES. — Biscayne-palm, brittle thatch,

tthatchpalm.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys to Marquesas Keys west of Key West.

Formerly referred also to Coccothrinax argéntea (Lodd.) Sarg., which

is confined to Hispaniola.

Cocos L. (Family Palmae) COCONUT

Wocos L., Sp. PI. 1188. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 495. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From coco, a name of unknown meaning (perhaps aboriginal) commonly used for coconut for centuries in

European literature.
116 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Cocos NUCíFERA L. fCOCONUT

IfCocos nucífera L., Sp, PI. 1188. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Nut-bearing.

RANGE.—Shores of southern Florida, including Florida Keys,

growing naturally and in cultivation. Native land unknown but

thought to be in Malayan or Indo-Pacific region or by some authors

American. Now thoroughly naturalized on tropical shores of the

world.

Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 237. 1933) stated that the coconut may

have been native on the Florida Keys. Buswell (Native Trees Palms So.

Fla. Miami Univ. Bui. 19(6): 53. 1945) considered it as a native tree

because it grows wild on the Keys and lower coastal region and certainly

has been growing naturally in Florida à long time.

Colubrina L. C. Rich. (Family Rhamnaceae) colubrina

Marcorella Neck., Elem. Bot. 2: 122. 1790; nomen rejiciendum.

-fColubrina L. C. Rich, ex Brongn., Ann. des Sei. Nat. 10:

368, pL 15, fig. 3. 1827; nomen conservandum.

DERIVATION.—From Latin coluber, serpent, probably because

of the peculiar twisting of the deep furrows on the trunks of

some species.

Colubrina arborescens (Mill.) Sarg. coffee colubrina

Rhamnus colubrinus Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760.

Ceanothus arborescens Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. % Ceanothus

No. 3. 1768.

Colubrina ferruginosa Brongn., Ann. des Sei. Nat. 10: 369,

pi. 15, fig. 3. 1827.

Colubrina colubrina (Jacq.) Millsp., Field Columb. Mus.

Pub., Bot. Ser. 1: 69. 1900.

^Colubrinxi arborescens (Mill.) Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2:

167, pi. 168. 1911.

DERIVATION.—Becoming a tree; originally placed in a genus of

shrubs.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^wild-coifee colubrina (SPN), fnakedwood, wild-coifee.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies.

Colubrina cubensis (Jacq.) Brongn. Cuba colubrina

Rhamnus cubensis Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760.

^Colubrina cubensis (Jacq.) Brongn., Ann. des Sei. Nat. 10:

369. 1827.

DERIVATION.—Of Cuba.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fnakedwood.

RANGE.—Southern Florida in hammocks of lower Dade County.

Also in Bahama Islands, Cuba, and Hispaniola.

Colubrina reclinata (L'Hér.) Brongn. fsoldierwood

Ceanothus reclinxitus L'Hér., Sert. Angl. 6. 1788.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 117

-fColubrina reclinata (L'Hér.) Brongn., Ann. des Sei. Nat. 10:

369. 1827.

DERIVATION.—Reclining, or leaning.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^soldierwood colubrina (SPN), nakedwood.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies and Venezuela.

Condalia Cav. (Family Rhamnaceae) condalia

fCondalia Cav., An. Hist. Nat. [Madrid] 1: 39, pi. 4. 1799.

Norn, conserv. propos., Little, Madroño 7: 246-247. 1944;

Brittonia 7: 46. 1949. Not Condalia Ruiz & Pavon, Fl.

Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 11, pi. 2. 1794.

DERIVATION.—To preserve the memory of Antonio Condal,

Spanish physician who went on a scientific trip to the Orinoco

in South America in 1754, under the direction of the Swedish

botanist Peter Loefling.

Condalia globosa Johnst. bitter condalia

Condalia globosa Johnst, Calif. Acad. Sei. Proc, Ser. 4, 12 :

1086. 1924.

Condalia globosa var. pubescens Johnst., Calif. Acad. Sei.

Proc, Ser. 4, 12: 1087. 1924.

DERIVATION.—Globose, referring to the rounded fruits.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—spiny abrojo, crucillo.

RANGE.—Desert mountains of southwestern Arizona and southern California. Also in northwestern Mexico (Sonora and Lower

California).

Large shrub or small tree as much as 15 to 20 feet high and 1 foot or

more in trunk diameter. Originally described in 1924 from Lower California,

Mexico, and first added to the native tree species by Kearney and Peebles

(Ferns FL PL Ariz. 555-556. 1942) and by Benson and Darrow (Man.

Southwest. Desert Trees Shrubs 247. 1945).

Condalia obovata Hook. fbluewood

^[Condalia obovata Hook., Icon. PL 3 : pi. 287. 1840.

DERIVATION.—Obovate, referring to the leaves, which are

broader toward the apex.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—bluewood condalia (SPN), purple

haw, logwood, brasiL

RANGE.—Southern Texas, and with a shrubby variety very

local in Edwards County. Also in northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas and Nuevo León).

Condalia obtusifolia (Hook.) Weberb. (in Engler & Prantl, NatürL

Pflanzenfam. 3(5): 404. 1895; C. lycioides (A. Gray) Weberb.), lotewood

condalia, may rarely become a small tree in southern Arizona. It is generally a much-branched shrub 3 to 8 feet high but rarely is 10 feet high

with a trunk 4 inches in diameter or larger, as reported by Little (Southwestern Trees 83. 1950). It is distributed from central Texas to southern

New Mexico, northwestern Arizona, and southeastern California, south to

northern Mexico.

Conocarpus L. (Family Combretaceae) button-mangrove

Conocarpus L., Sp. PL 176. 1753 ; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 81. 1754.
118 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S, DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—Cone fruit, in reference to the conelike fruits.

Under the International Code the gender of this name is masculine, not

feminine, as in common usage.

Conocarpus erectus L. button-mangrove

fConocarpus erectiis L., Sp. PI. 176. 1753; as ^'erecta.'*

Conocarpus erectus var. sericeu^ DC, Prodr. 8: 16. 1828; as

''erecta.'*

DERIVATION.—Erect, or upright.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fbuttonwood, silver buttonwood.

RANGE.—Shores of central and southern Florida, including

Florida Keys. Also widespread on tropical shores in Bermuda,

West Indies, from northern Mexico (Tamaulipas and Lower

California southward) south to Central America and South

America, and in western Africa.

Cordia L. (Family Boraginaceae) cordia

^Cordia L., Sp. PI. 190. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 87. 1754.

Sebestén Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 177. 1763.

DERIVATION.—In commemoration of Euricius Cordus and his

son Valerius Cordus (1515-1544), German physicians and

botanists.

Cordia boissieri A. DC. fanacahuita

fCordia boissieri A. DC. in DC, Prodr. 9: 478. 1845.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Pierre-Edmond Boissier (1810-

1875), Swiss botanist.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^wild-olive.

RANGE.—Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas

to Coahuila, south to San Luis Potosí).

Cordia sebestena L. fGeiger-tree

•fCordia sebestena L., Sp. PI. 190. 1753.

Sebestén sebestena (L.) Britton ex Small, Fl. Miami 158,

200. 1913.

DERIVATION.—From the Arabic name sibistan for the congeneric

sebesten-plum, Cordia myxa L., of southern Asia, East Indies,

and Australia. The common name honors the man who reportedly

first planted this tree at Key West, Fla.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Geiger-tree cordia (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies and from southern Mexico (Yucatán) south to northern South America.

Cornus L. (Family Cornaceae) dogwood

"^Cornus L., Sp. PI. 117. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 54. 1754.

Comus sect. Cynoxylon Raf., Med. Fl. 1: 132. 1828.

Cynoxylon Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 59. 1838; as genus or subgenus (?).

Benthamidia Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phanér. 8: 106. 1839.

Svida Opiz, Seznam Rostl. 94. 1852; nomen illegitimum

without description.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF TÎHÈ UNITED STATES ll9

Cynoxylon Raf. ex Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 854. 1903.

Svida Opiz ex Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 853. 1903.

DERIVATION.—Latin name of Cornus mas L., Cornelian-cherry

dogwood of Europe, from the word for horn, referring to the

hardness of the wood.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cornel, bunchberry.

REFERENCES.—Farwell, Oliver Atkins. Eukrania and Cynoxylon not genera of Rafinesque. Rhodora 34: 29-30. 1932.

Hara, Hiroshi. The nomenclature of the flowering dogwood

and its allies. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 29: 111-115. 1948.

Moldenke, Harold N. Some new names in thm Apocynaceae and

Cornaceae and in various American groups. Rev. Sudamer. de

Bot. 6: 176-178. 1940.

Rickett, H. W. The names of Cornus. Torreya 42: 11-14.

1942.

Rickett, Harold William. Cornaceae. No. Amer. Fl. 28B : 299-

311. 1945.

In addition to the 8 species listed here, about 6 other shrubby species of

Cornus are native in the United States. Another is herbaceous, and a second

herbaceous species occurs in Alaska and Canada.

Cornus Xacadiensîs Fern. (Rhodora 43: 411. 1941; C. alternifolia X

stolonifera), is known only as a shrub from Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia.

This hybrid is to be expected in northeastern United States and as both

parent species become small trees, possibly may be found later as a tree.

Cornus alternifolia L. f. alternate-leaf dogwood

IfCornus alternifolia L. f., Sup. PI. 125. 1781.

Svida alternifolia (L. f.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 853,1335.

1903.

DERIVATION.—^Alternate-leaved, distinctive in a genus otherwise

characterized by opposite leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—pagoda dogwood (SPN), fblue dogwood.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and eastern Quebec west to Maine,

southern Ontario, northern Michigan, eastern Minnesota, and

southeastern Manitoba, south to Missouri, northern Arkansas,

Alabama, northwestern Florida, and Georgia.

HYBRID.—-Cornus Xacadiensîs Fern. (C. alternifolia X stolonifera).

Cornus asperifolia Michx., see note under C. drummondiî C. A.

Meyer

Cornus baileyi Coult. & Evans, see C. stolonifera Michx.

Cornus Xcalifornica C. A. Meyer

Cornus occidentalis X stolonifera

Cornus californica C. A. Meyer, Acad. Imp. Sei. St. Pétersb.

Bul., Phys..Math. 3: 373. 1845. Acad. Sei. St. Pétersb.

Mem,, Ser. 6, Sei. Nat. Bot. 5: 220. 1846. (Preprinted as

Ueber Einige Cornus-Arten 30. 1845; not seen.)

Cornus pubescens var. californica Coult. & Evans, Bot. Gaz.

15: 37. 1890.
120 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Svida califomica (C. A. Meyer) Abrams, N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Bul. 6:429. 1910.

Cornus califomica var. nevadensis Jeps., Man. FI. PL Calif.

733. 1925.

Cornus stolonifera var, californica (C. A. Meyer) McMinn,

lUus. Man, Calif. Shrubs 377, fig. 437A.B. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Of California.

COMMON NAME.—^western red dogwood.

RANGE.—Southern British Columbia east to northern Idaho and

south to southern California (throughout the range of Cornus

oceidentalis).

Formerly thought to be a species but considered as a hybrid by Rickett

(No. Amer. Fl. 28B: 305. 1945).

Cornus drummondii C. A. Meyer fi'oughleaf dogwood

Cornus drummondii C. A. Meyer, Acad. Imp. Sei. St. Pétersb.

Bul., Phys.-Math. 3: 372. 1845. Acad. Sei. St. Pétersb.

Mem., Ser. 6, Sei. Nat, Bot. 5: 210. 1846. (Preprinted as

Ueber Einige Cornus-Arten 20. 1845; not seen.)

Cornus priceae Small, Torreya 1: 54. 1901.

Svida priceae (Small) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 854, 1336.

1903.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Thomas Drummond

(1780-1835), Scotch botanical explorer.

RANGE.—Extreme southern Ontario, Ohio, and Kentucky, west

to Nebraska, and south to Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi.

Formerly, and in the 1927 Check List, known as iCornus asperifolia

{Svida asperifolia). H. W. Rickett (Cornus asperifolia and its relatives.

Amer. Midland Nat. 27: 259-261. 1942) showed that the name C. asperifolia Michx. has been misapplied to this species and is the proper name for

the shrubby species of the Coastal Plain from South Carolina to western

Florida and Alabama (?) formerly called C mlcroca/rpa Nash.

Cornus florida L. flowering dogwood

iCornus florida L., Sp. PI. 117. 1753.

Cornus florida [var.] rubra Weston, Univ. Bot. 1: 73. 1770.

Cynoxylon floridum Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 59. 1838.

Benthamidia florida (L.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. Phanér. 8:

107. 1839.

Cornus florida [var.] rubra André, Rev. Hort. 66: 500, pi.

1894.

Cynoxylon floridum (L.) Raf. ex Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S.

854. 1903.

Cynoxylon floridum var. rubrum (André) Moldenke, Torrey

Bot. Club Bul. 60: 56. 1933.

Benthamidia florida var, rubra (André) Moldenke, Torreya

34: 8. 1934.

DERIVATION.—Flowering, referring to the showy petallike

bracts.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fdogwood.

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine west to extreme southern Ontario, southern Michigan, Illinois, and eastern Kansas, south to
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 121

eastern Texas and Florida. Also a variety in mountains of northeastern Mexico (Nuevo León and Vera Cruz).

Cornus foemina Mill., see note under C. stricta Lam.

Cornus instoloneus A. Neis., see C. stolonifera Michx.

Cornus interior (Rydb.) N. Petersen, see C. stolonifera Michx.

Cornus nuttallii Audubon tPacific dogwood

Cornus nuttalli Audubon, Birds Amer. v. 4, pi. 367. 1837;

nomen nudum.

•fCornus nuttalli Audubon, Ornith. Biogr. 4: 482. 1838.

Cynoxylon nuttallii Shafer in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer.

Trees 746, fig. 684. 1908.

Benthamidia nuttallii (Audubon) Moldenke, Phytologia 1:

167. 1935.

DERIVATION.—John James Audubon, who first illustrated this

species in his famous work Birds of America ("elephant folio")»

named it for Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859), English-American

botanist and ornithologist, who collected it on the Columbia

River.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—flowering dogwood, western flowering dogwood, mountain dogwood.

RANGE.—Southwestern British Columbia, western Washington,

western Oregon, and south in mountains to southern California.

Also local in central western Idaho.

Cornus occîdentalîs (Torr. & Gray) Coville western dogwood

Cornus sericea ß ? occidentalis Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer.

1: 652. 1840.

Cornus pubescens Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 54. 1849. Not

C. pubescens Willd. in Roem. & Schult, Syst. Mant. 3:

252. 1827.

Cornus occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Coville, U. S. Dept. Agr.

Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 4: 117. 1893.

Cornus sericea subsp. occidentalis (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg,

Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 69: 589. 1942.

DERIVATION.—Western.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^western red dogwood.

RANGE.—Southern British Columbia and Washington southeast

to northern Idaho and to southern California.

Usually a shrub and not in the 1927 Check List. Becomes a small tree

20 feet high, according to Dayton (Important West. Browse Plants. U. S.

Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 101, 121. 1931) and Preston (Rocky Mt. Trees

255. 1940).

REFERENCE.—See Cornus stolonifera Michx.

HYBRH).—Cornue Xcalifornica C. A. Meyer (C occidentalis

X stolonifera).

Cornus priceae Small, see C. drummondii C. A. Meyer

Cornus pubescens Nutt, see C. occident3íis (Torr. & Gray) Coville

Cornus sericea L., see C. stolonifera Michx.
122 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Cornus sessilis Torr. blackfruit dogwood

Cornus sessilis Torr, ex Durand, Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Jour.,

Ser. 2, 3: 89. 1855,

DERIVATION.—Sessile, the flowers in stalkless clusters.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^miners dogwood.

RANGE.—Northern and central California (foothills of Sierra

Nevada and Coast Range).

A shrub or small tree to 13 feet high, according to Jepson (Man. Fl. PI.

Calif. 734. 1925). A spreading shrub 5 to 10 (20) feet high, according

to McMinn (Illus. Man. Calif. Shrubs 375. 1939).

Cornus stolonîfera Michx. red-osier dogwood

Cornus sericea L., Mant. PI. 1: 199. 1771; in part; nomen

ambiguum.

Cornus stolonifera Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 92. 1803.

Cornus baileyi Coult. & Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15: 37. 1890.

Suida interior Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 31: 572. 1904.

Suida stolonifera (Michx.) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 31:

572. 1904.

Cornus alba L. subsp. a stolonifera (Michx.) Wanger. in

Engler, Pflanzenreich 41 (IV. 229): 53. 1910.

Cornue alba L. subsp. b baileyi (Coult. & Evans) Wanger.

in Engler, Pflanzenreich 41 (IV. 229) : 55. 1910.

Cornus instoloneus A. Neis., Bot. Gaz. 53: 224. 1912.

Cornus interior (Rydb.) N. Petersen, Fl. Neb. 163. 1912.

Svida instolonea (A. Neis.) Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. Plains

635, 1065. 1917.

Svida baileyi (Coult. & Evans) Rydb., Brittonia 1: 94. 1931.

Cornus stolonifera var. baileyi (Coult. & Evans) Drescher,

Wis. Acad. Sei. Arts Letters Trans. 28: 190. 1933.

Cornus stolonifera var. interior (Rydb.) St. John, Fl. Southeast. Wash. Idaho 303. 1937.

Cornus sericea subsp. stolonifera (Michx.) Fosberg, Torrey

Bot. Club Bul. 69: 587. 1942.

DERIVATION.—Bearing stolons; that is, the branches often

touching the ground and rooting at the tips.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^American dogwood, kinnikinnik,

squawbush.

RANGE.—Very widely distributed from Newfoundland to

southern Labrador and across Canada to Yukon and central

Alaska, south in western United States from Washington to

California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Nebraska and in northeastern United States to Wisconsin, Indiana, and New York. Also

in northern Mexico (Chihuahua and Durango to Nuevo León).

REFERENCES.—Fosberg. F. R. Cornus sericea L. (C. stolonifera

Michx.) Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 69: 583-589. 1942.

Rickett, H. W. Cornus stolonifera and Cornus occidentalis.

Brittonia 5: 149-159, illus. 1944.

HYBRIDS.—Comus Xacadiensis Fern. (C. alternifolia X stolonifera) ; C. Xcalifornica C. A. Meyer (C occidentalis X stolonifera).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 123

Generally shrubby but mentioned in a footnote in the 1927 Check List

as reported to reach tree size in southern Arizona. Preston (Rocky Mt.

Trees 255. 1940) cited it as sometimes a small tree. In Nevada, Billings

(Nev. Trees 79, 81. 1945) recorded it as sometimes a tree 15 to 20 feet

high.

The oldest name Cornus sericea L. applied in part to 0. amomum Mill.,

a shrubby species, and has been used for the latter, Rickett (No. Amer.

Fl. 28B: 304, 305. 1945) rejected C, sericea L. as nomen ambiguum.

Cornus stricta Lam. stiffcornel dogwood

Cornus stricta Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 116. 1786.

Svida stricta (Lam.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 853, 1835.

1903.

DERIVATION.—Drawn tight, upright, or stiff.

RANGE.—Chiefly in Coastal Plain from eastern Virginia to central Florida and Louisiana, north in Mississippi Valley to southeastern Missouri, Kentucky, and southern Indiana.

Usually a shrub but mentioned in a footnote in the 1927 Check List as

having been recorded as a small tree by Small (Fl. Southeast. U. S. 853.

1903) and by Britton and Shafer (No. Amer. Trees 742. 1908). Among

later authors recording this species as becoming a small tree are Coker and

Totten (Trees Southeast. States 5. 1934), West and Arnold (Native Trees

Fla. 161. 1946) as a tree 15 feet high with trunk 3 to 4 inches in diameter,

and Fernald (Gray's Man. Ed. 8, 1107. 1950) as a small tree or erect

shrub to 16 feet (as C. foemina Mill.). The name C. foemina Mill., which

was rejected by Rickett (No. Amer. Fl. 28B: 311. 1945) as a doubtful

species inadequately described, has been taken up by some authors for this

species and by others for C. racemosa Lam., a shrubby species.

Corylus L. (Family Betulaceae) harcl

Corylus L., Sp, PI. 998. 1753; Gen. PI Ed. 5, 433. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Greek name, probably from the

word for hood or helmet, suggested by the involucre.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—filbert, hazelnut.

Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California hazel

Corylus rostrata Ait. ß calif ornica A. DC-, Prodr. 16(2) :

133. 1864.

Corylus californica (A. DC.) Rose, Gard, and Forest 8: 263.

1895.

Corylus cornuta Marsh, var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp,

Stanford Univ., Dudley Herbarium Contrib. 4: 59. 1951.

DERIVATION.—Horned, from the long, hornlike involucre around

the fruit; varietal epithet, of CaHfornia.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—California hazelnut.

RANGE.—Southern British Columbia south to western Washington, western Oregon, and in Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada

to central California.

Commonly a shrub, this^ variety sometimes is a small tree 20 to 25 feet

high and was included as a tree by Eliot and McLean (Forest Trees Pacific

Coast 384-386, figs. 172, 173. 1938).

The typical variety Corylus cornuta Marsh, var. cornuta (Arbustr. Amer.

37. 1785; C. rostrata Ait.), beaked hazel (beaked filbert, SPN), is a shrub

ranging from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia west to Saskatchewan and

south to Colorado, North Dakota, eastern Kansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and

northern Georgia.
124 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Cotinus Mill. (Family Anacardiaceae) smoketree

fCotinus Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 1. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From Greek catinos, the oleaster (Elaeagnus

angustifolia L.) or, as some say, the wild olive {Olea europaea

L. var. oleaster DC.), plant names much confused in early literature.

REFERENCE.—See Rhus L.

Cotinus obovatus Raf. fAmerican smoketree

RhMs cotinoides Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 1:

217. 1838; as synonym.

Cotinus obovatus Raf., Autikon Botanikon 82. 1840.

•fCotinus americanus Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 1, pi. 81.

1849.

Rhu^ cotinoides Nutt. ex Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. 70. 1860.

DERIVATION.—Obovate, the shape of the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—chittamwood, smoketree.

RANGE.—Rare and local in mountains of eastern to central

Tennessee and northern Alabama and from southwestern Missouri

to northwestern Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma, and common

on Edwards Plateau of Texas. Also in Kentucky (Daviess

County), perhaps introduced.

REFERENCE.—Little, Elbert L., Jr. American smoketree (Cotinus obovatus Raf.) one of Oklahoma's rarest tree species. Okla.

Acad. Sei. Proc. 3: 21-23. 1943.

Cowania D. Don (Family Rosaceae) cliffrose

^Coivania D. Don, Linn. Soc. London Trans. 14: 574, pi. 22.

1825.

DERIVATION.—In honor of James Cowan (died 1823), an English merchant who introduced many Peruvian and Mexican plants

into England.

Cowania mexicana D. Don cliffrose

"^Cowania mexicana D. Don, Linn. Soc. London Trans. 14:

574, pi. 22. 1825.

Cowania stansburiana Torr, in Stansbury, Expl. Surv. Great

Salt Lake Utah 386, pi. 3. 1852.

Cowania davidsonii Rydb., No. Amer. Fl. 22: 416. 1913.

Cowania mexicana var. stansburiana (Torr.) Jeps., Man.

Fl. PL Calif. 498. 1925.

DERIVATION.—Mexican.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Stansbury cliffrose (SPN), fqummebush.

RANGE.—Southwestern Colorado, northern Utah, Nevada, and

eastern California, south to southeastern Arizona, western New

Mexico, and to central Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua to Durango

and Guanajuato).

Crataegîis L. (Family Rosaceae) hawthorn

tCraiae^^ws L., Sp. PI. 475. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 213. 1754.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 125

DERIVATION.—From the classical Greek name of hawthorn.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—haw, red haw, thorn, thorn-apple.

Crataegus, with perhaps between 100 and 200 species of smaU trees and

shrubs in the United States (nearly all in the eastern half), remains the

largest and taxonomically most difficult genus of native trees. More than

1,100 specific names have been published for the native plants of this genus,

nearly all in the quarter century beginning about 1899 by three investigators working independently, C. S. Sargent, W. W. Ashe, and C. D. Beadle.

About 700 were proposed by Sargent alone. ,,. , j

Most of the specific names in Crataegus, though formally published

with descriptions, are no longer accepted but have been reduced to synonyms,

varieties, or probable hybrids. The last detailed descriptive monograph,

with keys and illustrations, of the tree species of Crataegus in the United

States was by Sargent (Man. Trees No. Amer. Ed. 2, 897-549, illus. 1922),

who accepted 153 tree species for the United States and Canada. Though

Sargent did not explain his selection of species nor account for the species

omitted or reduced to synonymy (mostly his own), it may be inferred that

minor variations as well as shrubs were excluded.

The 1927 Check List followed Sargent's Manual closely but contained

additional tree species of Crataegus published up to 1925. Relatively few

new species of Crataegus in the United States have been published in recent

years. Sargent described some new species in 1922, 1923, and 1925, after

his revised manual appeared. After 1920, W. W. Ashe published one newspecies (C. sabineana), Ernest J. Palmer has distinguished four (C. damelsti,

C hannibalensis, C, leonensis, and C. ouachitensis), published one new specific

name (C. permixta), and further reduced numerous species to synonyms,

varieties, and hybrids. Several new varieties and forms have been proposed

also. C. leucantha Laughlin was named in 1952.

William A. Murrill (New Florida hawthorns. Castanea 7: 19-30. 1942)

published 15 new tree species of Crataegus (also 5 new forms of other

species) from northern Florida. However, the sections or groups in which

these novelties belonged were not indicated, nor were they distinguished

from related species. W. H. Camp (Castanea 7: 51-55. 1942; Ecology 23:

368-369. 1942) and Ernest J. Palmer (Chron. Bot. 7: 373-375. 1943)

promptly protested the naming of additional minor local variations in this

genus. These new species were not mentioned by West and Arnold (Native

Trees of Florida. 212 pp., illus. 1946) and have not been accepted by

other authors. Murrill's 15 binomials with page of publication are listed

here for reference but have not been added to the Check List.

C. alachuana Murrill (p. 20). C, rimosiformis MurriH (p. 26).

C. alachuaniformis Murrill (p. 21). C subaudens Murrill (p. 27).

C. globirimosa Murrill (p. 22). C. subflavida MurriH (p. 28).

C limnophiloides Murrill (p. 22). C. subpaludosa Murrill (p. 28).

C. megapulchra MurriU (p. 23). C. tisdalei Murrill (p. 29).

C. newelliana MurriH (p. 24). C. visendiformis MurriH (p. 29).

C. praeformosa MurriH (p. 24). C. watsonii MurriH (p. 30).

C. pyripulchra Murrill (p. 25).

Ernest J. Palmer, the leading authority on the genus, has contributed a

valuable monographic treatment of Crataegus of northeastern United States

and eastern Canada in the recent revision by Fernald of Gray's Manual of

Botany (1950), after pubHshing nomenclatorial notes separately. For this

region, which had the greatest number of pubHshed names in the genus,

he accepted 103 numbered species (1 introduced), including both shrubs and

trees. However, he admitted additional varieties (almost all originally proposed as species) as well as many unnumbered binomials not in the key,

explaining: "The unnumbered binomials belong to trees or shrubs of very

limited occurrence or of suspected hybrid origin."

The many taxonomic problems and difficulties in this genus of many

recognizable variations have been summarized in the references listed below.

Crataegus is regarded as an unstable genus characteristic of openings and

exposed areas, which has expanded and evolved rapidly following the clearing of forests and the origin of vast new areas suitable for colonization.

The variable, expanding populations probably produced numerous hybrids.
126 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Progeny tests have showed that many variations are perpetuated, or true

breeding". However, cytological evidence indicates that a large number,

perhaps a majority, of the supposed species, are "asexual apomictic triploids;"

that is, they are clonal populations of hybrid origin with one and one-half

the normal number of chromosomes but form viable seeds vegetatively without

benefit of pollination and thus perpetuate their characters the same as if

they were propagated by grafting.

While tiie variations within the genus are great, the "species" in Crataegus

has become a narrower unit than in related genera. The number of "species"

described in the past, especially some of those locally distributed, was excessive.^ One result of the multiplication of names was that many persons have

considered identification hopeless and have not attempted to name specimens

or trees. The general trend at present has been to reduce the number of

species by consolidation as synonyms or varieties.

This compiled, relatively conservative summary of the tree species of

Crataegus contains 149 accepted species and 40 additional binomials mentioned in notes as local specios or probable hybrids. This number of species

IS still too large and doubtless will be reduced further by future workers.

Only those species definitely recorded as becoming trees have been included

here. However, most species probably become arborescent under favorable

circumstances and even where originally described from a few shrubby

individuals afterwards have been found as trees. (In a few groups, such aJs

Sections Intricatae and Uniflorae strictly shrubby or dwarf species occur.)

The section (or "series*') of each accepted species is given after the citation.

No varieties in this difficult genus are accepted here, because of the very

large number of closely related species, some of which are intermediate

variations or hybrids or perhaps meriting only varietal rank. However,

varieties in current use as well as some older reductions are cited in the

synonymy for reference.

^ The treatment here does not differ greatly from that of the 1927 Check

List or Sargent's Manual. All the names accepted in those two publications

have been accounted for. The changes are based mainly upon later accounts

of the genus in regional and State floras and particularly upon the publications of Ernest J. Palmer, in which numerous names were relegated to

synonymy. A few changes and corrections in nomenclature have been

adopted, newly described tree species have been cited, and new varieties

or new varietal combinations arbitrarily placed in synonymy. Citations

of names not listed are to be found in Palmer's Synopsis of North American

Crataegi (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 6: 5-128. 1925).

For northeastern United States this compilation follows closely the treatment by Palmer in Fernald's revision of Gray's Manual and includes the

accepted numbered species recorded as trees. In spite of the reduction of

many species to synonymy by Palmer, 17 tree species of northeastern United

States not in the 1927 Check List are added here because Palmer included

them as trees while Sargent's Manual omitted them. In addition, 84 of the

"unnumbered binomials" cited by Palmer as of very limited occurrence or

suspected hybrid origin have been mentioned under related species where it

was desirable to account for the names in the 1927 Check List or otherwise

in use.

Further acknowledgment is due Ernest J. Palmer, who very kindly has

answered various questions about the nomenclature and synonymy and who

has contributed helpful suggestions. He has called attention to 9 synonymous

names from southeastern United States here reduced to synonymy.

Additional, mostly local, species from southeastern United States probably

should be suppressed. Others perhaps represent hybrids, as only one suspected

hybrid from that region is cited. Tidestrom in Small's Manual (1933)

accepted only 33 species of Crataegus for southeastern United States.

These three species described from southwestern Arkansas in the 1927 Check

List but not in Sargent's Manual nor mentioned in recent lists are omitted

here: ^Crataegus amicalis Sarg. (Trees and Shrubs 2: 238. 1913), iCrataegus enucleata Sarg. (Trees and Shrubs 2: 239. 1913), and \Crataegus

palliata Sarg. (Trees and Shrubs 2: 236. 1913).

The following names, according to Palmer, have not been identified and

are omitted:
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 127

Crataegus cordifolia (Mill.) Farwell (Amer. Midland Nat. 12: 62. 1930),

based upon Mespilus cordifolia Mill. (Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, last page and

Mespilus No. 4. 1768). Crataegus cordata (Mill.) Ait. (Hort. Kew. 2: 168.

1789), based upon Mespilus cordata Mill. (Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Mespilus No.

4. 1768; as ''cordato'') nomenclaturally is the same.

Crataegus cuneiformis (Marsh.) Eggl. (in Deam, Ind. State Bd. Forestry

Ann. Rpt. 11 (1911) : 253. 1912), based upon Mespilus cuneiformis Marsh,

(Arbustr. Amer. 88. 1785). According to Palmer (in Deam, Fl. Ind. 540.

1940; Brittonia 5: 472. 1946), the latter may well have been only a form

of C. punctata Jacq.

Crataegus michauxii Pers. (Synops. PI. 2: 38. 1806).

REFERENCES ON THE PROBLEM.—Camp, W. H. The Crataegus

problem. Castanea 7: 51-55. 1942.

Camp, W. H. Ecological problems and species concepts in

Crataegus. Ecology 23: 368-369. 1942.

Harper, Roland M. Catalogue of the trees, shrubs and vines of

Alabama. Ala. Geol. Surv. Monog. 9, 357 pp., illus. 1928. Crataegus, pp. 202-211.

Palmer, Ernest J. The Crataegus problem. Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 13: 342-362. 1932.

Palmer, Ernest J. The species concept in Crataegus. Chron.

Bot. 7: 353-375. 1943.

Palmer, Ernest J. Crataegus in the northeastern and central

United States and adjacent Canada. Brittonia 5: 471-490. 1946.

Rickett, H. W. Forms of Crataegus pruinosa. Bot. Gas. 97:

780-793, illus. 1936.

Sax, Karl. The origin and relationships of the Pomoideae.

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 12: 3-21, illus. 1931.

REFERENCES FOR IDENTIFICATION.—The best references on Crataegus are those in the latest descriptive regional and State floras

of the areas concerned, such as those listed below.

Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Brown, Addison. An illustrated

ñora of the northern United States, Canada, and the British possessions. Ed. 2, 3 v., illus. 1913. Crataegus by W. W. Eggleston, 2: 294-321, illus.

Coker, William C, and Totten, Henry R. Trees of the southeastern States. Ed. 3, 419 pp., illus. 1937. Crataegus, pp. 210-

242, illus.

Deam, Charles C. Flora of Indiana. 1236 pp., illus. 1940.

Crataegus by Ernest J. Palmer, pp. 533-555.

Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. Gray's manual of botany. Ed. 8,

1632 pp., illus. 1950. Crataegus by E. J. Palmer, pp. 767-801,

illus.

Gleason, Henry A. New Britton & Brown Illus. Fl. Northeast.

States Can. 3v., illus. 1952. Crataegus by Ernest J. Palmer, 2:

338-375, illus.

Palmer, Ernest J. Synopsis of North American Crataegi.

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 6: 5-128. 1925.

Rehder, Alfred. Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy

in North America. Ed. 2, 996 pp., illus. 1940. Crataegus, pp.

359-372.

Rydberg, Per Axel. Flora of the prairies and plains of central
128 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

North America, 969 pp., illus. 1932. Crataegus adapted from

W. W. Eggleston's publications, pp. 440-443.

Sargent, Charles Sprague. Manual of the trees of North

America (exclusive of Mexico). Ed. 2, reprinted with corrections, 910 pp., illus. 1926. (Reprinted 1933.) Crataegus, pp.

397-549, illus.

Small, John K. Flora of southeastern United States. Ed. 2,

1394 pp. 1913. Crataegus by C. D. Beadle, pp. 532-569.

Small, John K. Manual of the southeastern flora. 1554 pp.,

illus. 1933. Crataegus by Ivar Tidestrom, pp. 637-646.

Crataegus abbreviata Sarg. —

^Crataegus abbreviata Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3:

187. 1922. (Section Virides).

DERIVATION.—Shortened, or abbreviated, referring to the small

leaves.

RANGE.—Eastern Texas.

Crataegus accUvis Sarg., see C. pedicellata Sarg.

Crataegus acerifolia Lodd., see C. mollis Scheele

Crataegus acutifolia Sarg. St. Louis hawthorn

•fCrataegus acutifolia Sarg., Bot. Gaz. SI : 217. 1901. (Section Crus-galli).

^Crataegus erecta Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 218. 1901.

^Crataegus mitis Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 407, fig. 326.

1905.

Crataegus acutifolia var. insignis (Sarg.) Palmer, Brittonia

5: 482. 1946.

DERIVATION.—^With acute leaves.

RANGE.—Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri.

Crataegus aestivalis (Walt.) Torr. & Gray May hawthorn

Mespilus aestivalis Walt., Fl. Car. 148. 1788.

-fCrataegus aestivalis (Walt.) Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer.

1:468. 1840. (Section Aestivales).

Crataegus luculenta Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 11, pi. 6.

1902.

Crataegus maloides Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 9, pi. 5. 1902.

•fCrataegus aestivalis var. maloides (Sarg.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 250. 1920.

fCrataegus rufula Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1: 251.

1920.

Crataegus aestivalis luculenta (Sarg.) Sarg, ex West &

Arnold, Native Trees Fla. 77. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Of summer.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—apple haw, fMay haw, shining hawthorn.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from North Carolina to northern and

northwestern Florida and southeastern Alabama.
CHECK LIST OF "^TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 129

Crataegus albicans Ashe, see C. pedicellata Sarg.

Crataegus algens Beadle, see C. crus-galli L.

Crataegus alnorum Sarg., see C« basilica Beadle

Crataegus amnícola Beadle

^Crataegus amnícola Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 55.

1902. (Section Punctatae).

DEKIVATION.—River-loving, from its abundant representation

on river banks.

RANGE.—Eastern Tennessee, northern Georgia, and northern

Alabama.

Crataegus annosa Beadle

^Crataegus annosa Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 83. 1902.

(Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—Of great age, referring to the large size sometimes attained.

RANGE.—East central Alabama.

Crataegus anómala Sarg., see note under C. pedicellata Sarg.

Crataegus antiplasta Sarg. —

^Crataegus antiplasta Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 190.

1922. (Section Virides).

DERIVATION.—^Antiplastic ; unexplained but presumably referring to the relative lack of variability of leaf form, not being so

conspicuously lobed in vigorous shoots as in related species.

RANGE.—Eastern Texas.

Crataegus apiifolia Michx., see C. marshallii Eggl.

Crataegus apiomorpha Sarg., see note under C. flabellata (Bosc)

K. Koch

Crataegus aprica Beadle

-fCrataegus aprica Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 30: 335. 1900. (Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—Growing in an open, sunny place, from the

habitat in the mountains.

COMMON NAME.—Beadle hawthorn (SPN).

RANGE.—Mountains of southwestern Virginia, western North

Carolina, eastern Tennessee, northern Alabama, northern Georgia, and South Carolina.

Crataegus araioclada Sarg., see C. uniqua Sarg.

Crataegus arbórea Beadle, see C, pyracanthoides Beadle

Crataegus arborescens EH., see C. viridis L.

Crataegus arduennae Sarg., see C. crus-galli L.
130 AGRICÜLtURE HANDBOOK 41, Ü. S. DEÎ»!'. Oí* AGkICULTUfeÈ

Crataegus arkansana SsLYg., see C. mollis Scheele

Crataegus arnoldiana Sarg. Arnold hawthorn

iCrataegus arnoldiana Sarg., Bot, Gaz. 31: 221. 1901. (Section Molles).

DERIVATION.—Discovered growing wild at the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass., and named in memory of James

Arnold (1781-1868), through whose generosity this arboretum

was established.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Arnold thorn.

RANGE.—Eastern Massachusetts to Connecticut, and Long

Island, New York.

Crataegus ashei Beadle Ashe hawthorn

iCmtaegus ashei Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 30: 339. 1900. (Section Bracteatae).

DERIVATION.—Named for William Willard Ashe (1872-1932),

pioneer forester of the United States Forest Service, who

described many species of Crataegus.

RANGE.—-Alabama and Mississippi.

Crataegus assurgens Sarg., see C. pedicellata Sarg.

Crataegus atrorubens Ashe, see C. viridis L.

Crataegus basilica Beadle

-fCrataegus basilica Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 125.

1902. (Section Tenuifoliae).

Crataegus alnorum Sarg., Rhodora 5: 153. 1903.

Crataegus taetrica Sarg., Mich. Geol. Surv. Rpt. 1906: 541.

1907.

DERIVATION.—Royal.

COMMON NAME.—royal thorn.

RANGE.—Maine to New York, southern Ontario, and southeastern Michigan, south in mountains to western North Carolina.

Crataegus beata Sarg.

Crataegus beata Sarg., Rochester Acad. Sei. Proc. 4: 97.

1903. (Section Silvicolae).

Crataegus beata var. opulens (Sarg.) Palmer, Brittonia 5:

486. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Blessed, presumably in the sense of having relatively large and fleshy fruits.

COMMON NAME.—^Dunbar thorn.

RANGE.—Southern Ontario and New York.

A shrub or tree 20 to 23 feet high, according" to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's

Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 789. 1950).

Crataegus berberifolía Torr. & Gray barberryleaf hawthorn

fCrataegus berberifolia Torr. & Gray, Fl, No. Amer. 1: 469.

1840. (Section Crus-gaUi).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 131

Crataegus crus-galli var. berberifolia (Torr. & Gray) Sarg.,

Gard, and Forest 2: 424. 1889.

DERIVATION.—Barberryleaf.

RANGE.—Arkansas and Louisiana.

Crataegus berlandieri Sarg., see C. texana Buck!.

Crataegus bicknellii (Eggl.) Eggl., see C. chrysocarpa Ashe

Crataegus biltmoreana Beadle Biltmore hawthorn

Crataegus biltmoreana Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 28: 406. 1899.

( Section Intricatae).

DERIVATION.—Of Biltmore, North Carolina, the type locality.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Biltmore haw.

RANGE.—^Vermont to southern Missouri, south to Arkansas and

North Carolina.

A shrub 3 to 6 feet high or rarely a tree to 16 feet high, according to

Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 773, fig. 1133. 1950).

Crataegus blanda Sarg. ——

^Crataegus blanda Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 121. 1902. (Section

Virides).

DERIVATION.—Bland, mild.

RANGE.—Alabama, Louisiana, southern Arkansas, and eastern

Texas.

Crataegus boyntonii Beadle Boynton hawthorn

fCrataegus boyntonii Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 28: 409. 1899. (Section Intricatae).

-fCrataegus buckleyi Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 131.

1902.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Frank Ellis Boynton.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Boynton thorn.

RANGE,—Southern Pennsylvania to southeastern Kentucky,

south to northern Alabama and northern Georgia.

Crataegus brachyacantha Sarg. & Engelm. blueberry hawthorn

fCrataegus brachyacantha Sarg. & Engelm. in Engelm., Bot,

Gaz. 7: 128. 1882. (Section Brevispinae).

DERIVATION.—Short-spined.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^blue haw, pomette bleue.

RANGE.—Georgia and Louisiana to southwestern Arkansas and

eastern Texas.

Crataegus brachyphylla Sarg.

fCrataegus brachyphylla Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3:

8. 1922. ( Section Molles).

DERIVATION.—Short-leaved.

RANGE.—Southwestern Arkansas and eastern Texas.

•fCrataegus xnotha Sarg. (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 9. 1922), of

southwestern Arkansas (Hempstead County), is probably a hybrid between

C. brachyphylla Sarg, and C. marshallii Eggl.
132 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus brainerdii Sarg. Brainerd hawthorn

Crataegus brainerdi Sarg., Rhodora 3: 27. 1901. (Section

Brainerdianae).

fCrataegus scabrida Sarg., Rhodora 3: 29. 1901.

fCrataegus deweyana Sarg., Rochester Acad. Sei. Proc. 4:

133. 1903.

Crataegus brainerdi Sarg. var. scabrida (Sarg.) Eggl.,

Rhodora 10: 82. 1908.

Crataegus brainerdi var. asperifolia (Sarg.) EggL, Rhodora

10:82. 1908.

Crataegus brainerdi var. egglestoni (Sarg.) Robins, ex Eggl.,

Rhodora 10: 82. 1908.

Crataegus brainerdi var. cyclophylla (Sarg.) Palmer in Dole,

FI. Vt. Ed. 3, 151. 1937.

Crataegus brainerdi var. kennedyi (Sarg.) Palmer in Dole,

Fl.Vt. Ed. 3,152. 1937.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Ezra Brainerd (1844-

1924), American botanist and president of Middlebury College.

OTHER COMMON NAME.^—Brainerd thorn.

RANGE.^—Nova Scotia, Maine, southern Quebec, and southern

Ontario to Michigan, and east to Pennsylvania and Massachusetts.

Also in mountains of North Carolina.

^Crataegus kingstonensis Sarg. (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 205. 1923),

of Kingston, Ontario, is perhaps a hybrid between a species of Section

Brainerdianae and C dilatata, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man.

785. 1950).

Crataegus dunharii Sarg. (Rochester Acad. Sei. Proc. 4: 126. 1903; as

"dunhari"), local from near Rochester, N. Y., was recorded as a stout shrub

13 to 16 feet high or becoming a small tree by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's

Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 785. 1950).

Crataegus brazorîa Sarg. Brazorîa hawthorn

fCrataegus brazoria Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 233. 1901. (Section Punctatae),

DERIVATION.—Of Brazoria, Texas, on the Brazos River where it

was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—-Brazos hawthorn (SPN).

RANGE.—Eastern Texas.

Crataegus brevispina Dougl., see C. douglasii Lindl.

Crataegus brockwayae Sarg., see C, douglasii Lindl.

Crataegus brumalis Ashe

Crataegus brumalis Ashe, Carnegie Mus. Ann. 1: 393. 1902.

(Section Silvicolae).

DEKIVATION.—Of the winter; from the fruits long persistent

ripening in October and falling long after the leaves.

RANGE.—Southern New England and New York west to Michigan, south to Kentucky and Pennsylvania.

An arborescent shrub or a small tree 20 to 26 feet high, according to

Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 788. 1950).

Crataegus buckleyi Beadle, see C. boyntonii Beadle
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 133

Crataegus biishii Sarg.

-fCrataegus bushii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 109. 1902. (Section

Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Benjamin Franklin

Bush (1858-1937), botanist of Missouri.

COMMON NAME.—^Bushes hawthorn (SPN).

RANGE.—^Southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, eastern Texas and western Louisiana.

Crataegus callicarpa Sarg., see C. eoccinioides Ashe

Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Med. pear hawthorn

^?Crataegus tomentosa L., Sp. PL 476. 1753; in part?;

nomen ambiguum.

MespilMS calpodendron Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 2: 67. 1788.

fCroMegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Med., Gesch. Bot. 83.

1793. (Section Macracanthae).

iCrataegus chapmani [Beadle] Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 28: 271.

1899.

Crataegus globosa Sarg., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19: 118.

1908.

Crataegus tomentosa var. structiUs (Ashe) Farwell, Amer.

Midland Nat 11: 61. 1928.

Crataegus calpodendron var. obesa (Ashe) Palmer in Palmer

& Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 564. 1935; Palmer

in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 133. 1938.

Crataegus calpodendron var. hispidula (Sarg.) Palmer in

Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 564. 1935 ;

Palmer in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 133. 1938.

Crataegus calpodendron var. globosa (Sarg.) Palmer, Brittonia 5: 489. 1946.

Crataegus calpodendron var. microcarpa (Chapm.) Palmer,

Brittonia 5: 489. 1946.

Crataegus calpodendron v^x, mollicula (Sarg.) Palmer, Brittonia 5: 490. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Urn4ree, referring to the shape of the fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fpear haw, pear thorn.

RANGE.—Southern Ontario and New York west to southeastern

Minnesota, south to eastern Nebraska, eastern Texas, Arkansas,

Alabama, and Georgia.

As it seems impossible to identify the name Crataegus tomentosa L,,

Palmer (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 19: 287-289. 1938) has suggested that

the name be abandoned as a nomen ambiguum and that the next available

name, C. calpodendron (Ehrh.) Med., should be used instead.

Crataegus simulata Sarg. (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 22: 82. 1912),

from southwestern Missouri (Jasper County), probably is a hybrid between

C. calpodendron and C. palmeri, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's

Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 801. 1950).

Crataegus vailiae Britton (Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 24: 53. 1897), an

arborescent shrub or small tree 13 to 16 feet high from southern Virginia

and North Carolina west to southern Missouri, is probably a hybrid between

C. calpodendron and C. uniflora, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man.

Bot. Ed. 8, 801. 1950).
134 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus xwhitakeri Sarg. (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 6: 3. 1925),

of southeastern Illinois (Richland County), was described as a possible

hybrid, and the supposed parents were C. calpodendron and C, mollis,

according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bdt. Ed. 8, 800. 1950).

Crataegus canadensis Sarg. Canada hawthorn

-^Crataegus canadensis Sarg., Rhodora 3: 73. 1901. (Section Molles).

DERIVATION.—Of Canada ; known only from Canada.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Canadian thorn.

RANGE.—Along St. Lawrence River near Montreal, southern

Quebec.

Crataegus canbyi Sarg. Canby hawthorn

-^Crataegus canbyi Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31:* 3. 1901. (Section

Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, William Marriott

Canby (1831-1904), American businessman and botanical collector.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Canby thorn.

RANGE.—Eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware.

Crataegus celsa Sarg., see note under G. punctata Jacq.

Crataegus champlainensis Sarg., see C. submollis Sarg.

Crataegus cherokeensis Sarg,, see C. crus-galli L.

Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe fireberry hawthorn

•^Crataegus rotundifolia Moench, Verz. Ausl. Bäume Stand.

Weiss. 29, pi, 1. 1785. Not C. rotundifolia Lam., Encycl.

Méth. Bot. 1: 84. 1783.

Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe, N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 175 :

110. 1900, (Section Rotundifoliae).

Crataegus coccinea L. var. rotundifolia [Moench] Sarg., Bot.

Gaz. 31: 14. 1901.

Crataegus sheridana A. Neis., Bot. Gaz. 34: 370. 1902.

Crataegus doddsii Ramaley, Bot. Gaz. 46: 381, fig. 1. 1908.

Crataegus rotundifolia Moench var. bicknellii Eggl., Rhodora

10: 79. 1908.

-fCrataegus rotundifolia var. púbera Sarg., Rhodora 11: 183.

1909.

Crataegus bicknellii (Eggl.) Eggl., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 38:

244. 1911.

Crataegus rotundifolia var. aboriginum (Sarg.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum eTour. 3: 196. 1922.

Crataegus chrysocarpa var. dodgei (Ashe) Palmer in Dole,

Fl. Vt. Ed. 3, 152. 1937.

Crataegus chrysocarpa var. phoenicea Palmer in Dole, Fl.

Vt. Ed. 3, 152. 1937.

Crataegus chrysocarpa var. bicknellii (Eggl.) Palmer,

Brittonia 5: 484. 1946.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 135

Crataegus chrysocarpa var. caesariata (Sarg.) Palmer, Brittonia 5: 484. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Golden-fruited, the fruit rarely yellow.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—roundleaf hawthorn, roundleaf thorn.

RANGE.—Newfoundland, Quebec, and Maine, west to Saskatchewan, south in western United States to Wyoming*, Colorado,

and New Mexico, and in northeastern States south to Nebraska,

North Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Pennsylvania,

and New York.

iCrataegus mansfieldensis Sarg. (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 4: 103. 1923),

described as a shrub or tree to 13 feet tall from near Mansfield, Richmond

County, Ohio, was not accepted by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot.

Ed. 8, 767-801, illus. 1950).

Crataegus choriophylla Sarg. —

iCrataegus choriophylla Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3:

201. 1922. (Section Parvifoliae).

DERIVATION.—^With separated leaves, the leaves divided above

the middle into shoi* lobes.

RANGE.—Northern Florida.

Crataegus coccínea L., see C. pedicellata Sarg.

Crataegus coccinioides Ashe Kansas hawthorn

-fCrataegus coccinioides Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

16: 74. 1900. (Section Dilatatae).

fCrataegus callicarpa Sarg., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19:

96. 1908.

DERIVATION.—^Resembling Crataegus coccínea, now known as

C. pedicellata, scarlet hawthorn.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Eggert thorn.

RANGE.—Southern Illinois, Missouri, eastern Kansas, eastern

Oklahoma, and Arkansas.

Crataegus cocksii Sarg. Cocks hawthorn

-fCrataegus cocksii Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1: 248.

1920. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Named for one of the discoverers, Reginald

Wodehouse Somers Cocks (1863-1926), botanist of Louisiana.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fCocks thorn.

RANGE.—^Louisiana (Winn Parish).

Crataegus coleae Sarg.

Crataegus coleae Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 7, pi. 4. 1902.

(Section Brainerdianae).

DERIVATION.—^Named for its discoverer, Emma Jane Cole,

botanist of Grand Rapids, Michigan.

RANGE.—Pennsylvania and Michigan.

An arborescent shrub or a small tree 26 to 82 feet high, according to

Palmer (in Fern., Gray*s Man. Bot. Ed. 8| 785. 1950).

Crataegus macauleyae Sarg. (Rochester Acad. Sei. Proc. 4: 130. 1903),

of western New York, was recorded as an unnumbered binomial of very
136 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

limited occurrence by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 785.

1950).

Crataegus collina Chapm. sandhill hawthorn

•fCrataegus collina Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. Ed. 2, Sup. 2,

684. 1892. (Section Punctatae).

fCrataegus sórdida Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 114. 1902.

Crataegus collina var. sórdida (Sarg.) Eggl., Rhodora 10:

76. 1908.

Crataegus sórdida var. villosa Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour.

6: 2. 1925.

Crataegus collina var. secta (Sarg.) Palmer in Palmer &

Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 560. 1935; Palmer in

Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 132. 1938.

Crataegus collina var. succincta (Sarg.) Palmer in Palmer

& Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 560. 1935 ; Palmer in

Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 132. 1938.

Crataegus collina var. collicola (Ashe) Palmer, Brittonia 5 :

483. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Of the hills.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Chapman hill thorn.

RANGE.—Southwestern Virginia west to southeastern Indiana,

Missouri, and southeastern Kansas, south to Oklahoma, Mississippi, and Georgia.

iCrataegus incaedua Sarg. (Trees and Shrubs 2: 3, pi. 102. 1907;

iCrataegus swanensis Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 182. 1923), from

Indiana to Missouri and Arkansas, is perhaps a hybrid between C. collina

and C. calpodendron, according to JPalmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed.

8, 779-780. 1950).

fCrataegus lettermanii Sarg. (Bot. Gaz. 31: 220. 1901; as "lettermani^*)

of Missouri, is perhaps a hybrid between a variety of C. collina and C molliSy

according to Palmer and Steyermark (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 560. 1935)

and Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 779. 1950).

Crataegus hirtiflora Sarg. (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19: 82. 1908; as

*'hertiflora"), a tree 20 to 23 feet high local in southern Missouri, was not

accepted by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 767-801, illus.

1950).

Crataegus coloradensis A. Neis., see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus colorado Ashe, see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus coloradoides Ramaley, see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus columbiana Howell Columbia hawthorn

Crataegus columbiana Howell, Fl. Northwest. Amer. 1: 163.

1898. (Section Rotundifoliae).

Crataegus piperi Britton, Torreya 1: 55. 1901.

Crataegus columbiana var. piperi (Britton) Eggl., Rhodora

10: 79. 1908.

DERIVATION.—From the Columbia River and tributaries east

of the Cascades, where it was discovered.

COMMON NAMES.^—Columbia thornapple, Piper thomapple.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 137

RANGE.—Southeastern British Columbia and Washington, south

to northeastern California,.eastern Oregon, and Idaho.

This species is recorded as a much-branched shrub or small tree 6 to

16 feet high.

Crataegiis compta Sarg. —

Crataegîis compta Sarg., Rochester Acad. Sei, Proc. 4: 102.

1903. (Section Silvicolae).

Crataegus beata Sarg. var. compta (Sarg.) Eggl., Rhodora

10: 81. 1908.

DERIVATION.—Adorned.

RANGE.—^Southern Ontario and New York to Michigan and

Pennsylvania.

A shrub or tree 20 to 23 feet high, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's

Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 789. 1950).

Crataegus consanguínea Beadle

fCrataegus consanguínea Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1:

34. 1901. (Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—^Related; that is, related to C. sororia Beadle.

RANGE.—Northwestern Florida.

Crataegus cordifolia (Mill.) Farwell, see C. macrosperma Ashe

Crataegus corusca Sarg., see note under C. pedicellata Sarg.

Crataegus crocina Beadle

^Crataegus crocina Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 132.

1902. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Yellow, the color of the fruit at maturity.

RANGE.—Louisiana.

Crataegus crus-galli L. cockspur hawthorn

-[Crataegus crus-galli L., Sp. PI. 476. 1753 ; as ''Crus galli."

(Section Crus-galli).

^Crataegus crus-galli ß pyracanthifolia Ait., Hort. Kew. 2:

170. 1789.

-fCrataegus algens Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 135.

1902.

^Crataegus arduennae Sarg., Bot Gaz. 35: 377. 1903.

fCrataegus crus-galli var. capillata Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 35: 100.

1903.

^Crataegus crus-galli var. oblongata Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 35 :

99. 1903.

Crataegus crus-galli VSLY. exigua (Sarg.) Eggl., Rhodora 10:

75. 1908.

Crataegus crus-galli var. attenuata (Ashe) Farwell, Mich.

Acad. Sei. Rpt. 20(1918): 181. 1919.

fCrataegus cherokeensis Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3:

1. 1922.

Crataegus crus-galli var. barrettiana (Sarg.) Palmer in

Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 558. 1935;
138 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Palmer in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 132. 1938.

Crataegus crus-galli var. bellica (Sarg.) Palmer in Palmer

& Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 558. 1935; Palmer

in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 132. 1938.

Crataegus crus-galli var. leptophylla (Sarg.) Palmer in

Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 558. 1935;

Palmer in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 132. 1938.

Crataegus crus-galli var. macra (Beadle) Palmer in Palmer

& Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 557. 1935 ; Palmer in

Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 132. 1938.

Crataegus crus-galli var. pachyphylla (Sarg.) Palmer in

Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 558. 1935;

Palmer in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 132. 1938.

DERIVATION.—Cock's spur; from the long spines.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—hog-apple, fcockspur thorn, Newcastle thorn.

RANGE.—Southern Quebec, southern Ontario, and New York,

west to southern Michigan, south to eastern Kansas, eastern

Texas, northern Louisiana, Alabama, northwestern Georgia, and

South Carolina. Introduced in New England east to Maine.

Crataegus tantula Sarg. (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19: 49. 1908.

^Crataegus lawrence^nsis Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 3. 1922), of

southwestern Missouri, was not accepted by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man.

Bot. Ed. 8, 767-801, illus. 1950).

Crataegus danielsii Palmer (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 16: 355, fig. 2.

1935. Crataegus C7*us-galli var. danielsii (Palmer) Rickett, Bot. Gaz. 98:

615. 1937), of Missouri (Boone County), was described as a possible hybrid

between C, crus-galli and C, verruculosa Sarg.

Crataegus crux Ashe, see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus cuneiformis (Marsh.) Eggl., see C. disperma Ashe

Crataegus dallasiana Sarg. Dallas hawthorn

iCrataegus dallasiana Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 59, pi.

30. 1903. (Section Punctatae).

DERIVATION.—Of Dallas County, Texas, where it was discovered.

RANGE.—Eastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas.

Crataegus danielsii Palmer, see note under C. crus-galli L.

Crataegus delecta Sarg., see C. pedicellata Sarg.

Crataegus denaria Beadle, see C. mohrii Beadle

Crataegus deweyana Sarg., see C. brainerdii Sarg.

Crataegus diffusa Sarg., see C. populnea Ashe

Crataegus dilatata Sarg.

^Crataegus dilatata Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 9. 1901. (Section

Dilatatae).

^Crataegus neo-londinensis Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 443,

fig. 360. 1905.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 139

Crataegus coccinioides Ashe var. dilátala (Sarg.) Eggl.,

Rhodora 10: 81. 1908.

DERIVATION.—^Dilated, or spread out, referring to the broad

leaves.

COMMON NAME.—ampIe-Ieaved thorn.

RANGE.—-Southern Quebec and southern Ontario to New York,

Vermont, (Connecticut, Rhode Island, and eastern Massachusetts.

Crataegus discolor Sarg., see C. reverchonii Sarg.

Crataegus disjuncta Sarg. —

^Crataegus disjuncta Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 109, pi.

55. 1903. (Section Pruinosae).

Crataegus disjuncta var. magnifolia (Sarg.) Palmer in

Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 562. 1935;

Palmer in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 133. 1938.

DERIVATION.—Distinct, so named because it was well distinguished from other species of the same group by its large leaves

and few flowers in compact clusters.

COMMON NAME.—Missouri thorn.

RANGE.—Western Kentucky, Missouri, and northern Arkansas.

Crataegus dispar Beadle

^Crataegus dispar Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 28. 1901.

(Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—Unlike, differing from types of the group.

RANGE.—^Western South Carolina and eastern Georgia.

Crataegus disperma Ashe —.

Crataegus disperma Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

17(1): 14. 1900. (Section Punctatae).

Wrataegus cuneiformis (Marsh.) Eggl. in Deam, Ind. State

Bd. Forestry Ann. Rpt. 11 (1911) : 253. 1912.

DERIVATION.—Two-seeded, from the usually 2 nutlets.

RANGE.—Pennsylvania to Indiana and Iowa, and east to Virginia.

Intermediate between C crus-galli and C punctata and may have

originated as a hybrid between them, according to Palmer (in Pernald,

Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 779. 1950). These intermediate plants were

referred by Eggleston to C. cuneiformis (Marsh.) Eggl., which was based

upon Mespilus cuneiformis Marsh. (Arbustr. Amer. 88. 1785), a briefly

described name of uncertain application rejected by Palmer.

Crataegus dispessa Ashe, see note under C. lanuginosa Sarg.

Crataegus divida Sarg. _

Crataegus divida Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 35: 401. 1903. (Section

Macracanthae).

DERIVATION.—Divided ; the leaves very slightly and irregularly

divided above the middle into small acute lobes.

RANGE.—Southern Ontario, New York, and northern Illinois.

A tree 26 to 29 feet high or often a stout shrub, according to Palmer (in

Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 800. 1950).
140 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus doddsii Ramaley, see C. chrysocarpa Ashe

Crataegiis dodgei Ashe Dodge hawthorne

Crataegus dodgei Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 19 :

26. 1903. (Section Rotundifoliae).

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Charles Keene Dodge

(1844-1918), botanist of Michigan.

RANGE.—Southern Quebec and New England, west to Michigan

and Wisconsin, and to Pennsylvania.

An arborescent shrub or rarely a tree 16 to 20 feet high, according to

Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 783. 1950).

Crataegus douglasii Lindl. black hawthorn

Crataegus punctata ß brevispina Dougl. ex Hook., Fl. Bor.

Amer. 1: 201. [1834.]

-^Crataegus douglasii Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 21: No.

1810, pi. 1810. 1835. (Section Douglasianae).

Crataegus brevispina Dougl. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. Ed. 2,

1: 432. 1841.

Crataegus douglasii var. suksdorfii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 44: 65.

1907.

Crataegus brockwayae Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 245. 1913.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, David Douglas (1798-

1834), Scotch botanical explorer, who collected in northwestern

America.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Douglas hawthorn (SPN), Douglas

thorn, Douglas thornapple, fwestern thornapple.

RANGE.—Southwestern Ontario and northern Michigan, and

also from Montana to western British Columbia and southeastern

end of Alaska (Hyder), south to central California, Nevada, and

Wyoming.

Crataegus drymophila Sarg., see C. iracunda Beadle

Crataegus dumicola Sarg., see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus dunbarii Sarg., see note under C. brainerdii Sarg.

Crataegus eamesi Sarg., see C. pedicellata Sarg,

Crataegus edita Sarg.

'\Crataegus edita Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 110. 1902. (Section

Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Put forth, or published.

COMMON NAME.—Sabine hawthorn (SPN).

RANGE.—Northwestern Louisiana and eastern Texas.

Crataegus edura Beadle

•^Crataegus edura Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1:128. 1902.

(Section Crus-galK).

DERIVATION.—^Very hard ; perhaps referring to the wood.

RANGE.-—^Louisiana.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 141

Crataegus ellwangeriana Sarg., see C. pedicellata Sarg.

Crataegus engelmannii Sarg. Engelmann hawthorn

-fCrataegus engelmanni Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 2. 1901. (Section Crus-galli).

Crataegus engelmanni var. sinistra (Beadle) Palmer, Brittonia 5: 483. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Named for George Engelmann (1809-1884), a

German-born American physician and botanist of St. Louis, Mo.,

who first collected it.

RANGE.—Kentucky and southern Illinois and west to southeastern Kansas, south to eastern Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Mississippi.

Crataegus erecta Sarg., see C. acutifolia Sarg.

Crataegus erythropoda Ashe Cerro hawthorn

Crataegus erythropoda Ashe, N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 175 :

113. 1900. (Section Douglasianae).

Crataegus cerronis A. Neis., Bot. Gaz. 34: 370. 1902.

DERIVATION.—Red-stalked, perhaps referring to the purplish

petioles.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Manzana de puya larga.

RANGE.—^Wyoming to Washington, south to Arizona and northern New Mexico.

This western species becomes a small tree up to 16 feet high.

Crataegus fastosa Sarg.

'\Crataegus fastosa Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 61, pi. 31.

1903. (Section Punctatae).

DERIVATION.—Unexplained; possibly fastuosa was intended,

meaning proud, or stately, from the large size.

RANGE.—Southwestern Arkansas.

Crataegus fecunda Sarg. St. Claire hawthorn

^Crataegus fecunda Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 111. 1902. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Fruitful.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Missouri hawthorn (SPN), fruitful

thorn.

RANGE.—Illinois and Missouri.

Crataegus fera Beadle —

-fCrataegus fera Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 128. 1902.

(Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—^Wild, or native.

RANGE.—Louisiana.

Crataegus fertilis Sarg., see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus filipes Ashe

Crataegus filipes Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 19:

18. 1903. (Section Silvicolae).
142 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATON.—With very slender pedicels.

RANGE.—Pennsylvania to Michigan and Wisconsin.

An arborescent shrub or a tree 20 to 23 feet high, according to Palmer

(in Pern., Öray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 789. 1950).

Crataegus flabellata (Bosc) K. Koch fanleaf hawthorn

Mespilus flabellata Bosc, Desf. Tab. de l'Ecole 2: 271. 1815,

Crataegjis flabellata (Bosc) K. Koch, Gartenb. Preuss. Verh.

Ver. Beförd, Ser. 2, 1: 240. 1853. (Section Tenuifoliae).

Crataegus crudelis Sarg., Rhodora 3: 143. 1903.

Crataegus grayana Eggl., Rhodora 10: 80. 1908.

Crataegus flabellata var. grayana (Eggl.) Palmer, Brittonia

5:486. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Fanlike, referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^Asa Gray hawthorn, Asa Gray thorn,

Bosc thorn.

RANGE.—Southern Quebec and Maine to Vermont and New

York.

A large shrub or small tree to 20 feet high.

^Crataegus apiomorpha Sarg. (Bot. Gaz. 35: 386. 1903), of northern

Illinois, was recorded as an unnumbered binomial of very limited occurrence

by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 787. 1950).

Crataegus flava Ait. yellow hawthorn

-^Crataegus flava Ait., Hort. Kew. 2: 169. 1789. (Section

Flavae).

DERIVATION.—Yellow, from the yellow fruits.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—summer haw, yellow haw.

RANGE.—Southeastern Virginia, south to Florida and Alabama.

Crataegus floridana Sarg. Jacksonville hawthorn

Crataegus flava var. integra Nash, Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

22: 150. 1895.

-fCrataegus floridana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 124. 1902. (Section Flavae).

-^Crataegus integra (Nash) Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1 :

87. 1902.

DERIVATION.—Of Florida, the type collected at Jacksonville.

RANGE.—Georgia, south to central Florida.

Crataegus fontanesiana (Spach) Steud. -—-—

Mespilus fontanesiana Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. Phanér. 2: 58.

1834.

Crataegus fontanesiana (Spach) Steud., Nom. Bot. Ed. 2,

1:432. 1840. (Section Crus-galli).

Crataegus crus-galli var. fontanesiana (Spach) Wenzig ex

Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 4: 66. 1892.

Crataegus tenax Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 18(1) :

21. 1902.

Crataegus olivácea Sarg., Acad. Nat, Sei. Phila. Proc. 62 :

153. 1910.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 143

Crataegus punctata var. tenax (Ashe) Farwell, Amer. Midland Nat. 12: 67. 1930.

DERIVATION.—Named for René Louiche Desfontaines (1750-

1833), French botanist

RANGE.—Southern Ontario, New York, and Michigan, south

to Ohio, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania.

This species, which has been known in cultivation in Europe since 1830,

was shown by Sargent (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 6: 1. 1925) to be the

same as the native Pennsylvania species Crataegus olivácea Sarg., discovered

m 1905. Five additional species were united with this species later by

Palmer (Brittonia 5: 482. 1946).

Crataegus fretails Sarg., see note under C. macrosperma Ashe

Crataegus gattingeri Ashe Gattinger hawthorn

Crataegus gattingeri Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

17(1): 12. 1900. (Section Pruinosae).

Crataegus gattingeri var. rigida Palmer in Deam, Fl. Ind.

546. 1940.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Augustin Gattinger

(1825-1903), Tennessee botanist of German birth.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Gattinger thorn.

RANGE.—Pennsylvania and West Virginia, west to southern

Indiana and eastern Missouri, south to Arkansas and Tennessee.

An arborescent shrub or small tree 20 to 23 feet high, according to

Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 792. 1950).

Crataegus gaultii Sarg., see C. sueculenta Schrad.

Crataegus gemmosa Sarg., see C. sueculenta Schrad.

Crataegus georgiana Sarg. Georgia hawthorn

iCrataegus georgiana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 113. 1902. (Section Pruinosae).

DERIVATION.—Of Georgia, the type locality at Rome.

RANGE.—Northwestern Georgia.

Crataegus gilva Beadle, see C. mendosa Beadle

Crataegus glabriuscula Sarg.

fCrataegus glabriuscula Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 235. 1901.

(Section Virides).

DERIVATION.—Almost glabrous, referring to the foliage, which

is almost hairless at maturity.

RANGE.—Eastern and central Texas.

Crataegus glandulosa Moench, see C. sueculenta Schrad.

Crataegus globosa Sarg., see C. calpodendron (Ehrh.) Med.

Crataegus grandis Ashe, see C. peoriensis Sarg.

Crataegus grávida Beadle, see C. mollis Scheele
144 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus gravis Ashe

Crataegus gravis Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 20:

49. 1904. (Section Silvicolae).

^Crataegus luxuriosa Sarg., Acad. Nat. Sei, Phila. Proc. 62 :

198. 1910.

DERIVATION.—Heavily laden.

RANGE.—Southern Ontario, New York and Michigan to Indiana

and Pennsylvania.

Crataegus grayana Eggl., see C. flabellata (Bosc) K. Koch

Crataegus greggiana Eggl. Gregg hawthorn

iCrataegus greggiana Eggl, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 36:

511. 1909. (Section Molles).

DERIVATION.—Named for Josiah Gregg (1806-50), early American explorer in the West, who collected plant specimens in the

Southwest and Mexico and who wrote Commerce of the Prairies,

a history of the Santa Fe trail.

RANGE.—Central Texas south to Coahuila, northeastern Mexico.

In the 1927 Check List speUed "greggil"

Crataegus hannibalensis Palmer Hannibal hawthorn

Crataegus hannibalensis Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 16 :

353, fig. 1. 1935. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Of Hannibal, Missouri.

RANGE.—Illinois, southeastern Iowa, and northern and eastern

Missouri,

This species, described since publication of the 1927 Check List, is a tree

20 to 26 feet high or sometimes an arborescent shrub.

Crataegus vallicola Sarg. (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19: 74. 1908;

IfCrataegus phaenoneura Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour, 3: 2. 1922) of

Missouri to Ohio (?), was recorded as an unnumbered binomial of very

limited occurrence by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 777.

1950).

Crataegus harbisonii Beadle Harbison hawthorn

iCrataegus harbisoni Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 28: 413. 1899. (Section Bracteatae).

DERIVATION.—Named for Thomas Grant Harbison (1862-

1936), botanist of North Carolina, who collected the type specimen.

RANGE.—Central Tennessee and Alabama.

Crataegus hillii Sarg., see note under C. pediceUata Sarg.

Crataegus hirtiflora Sarg., see note under C. collîna Chapm.

Crataegus holmesiana Ashe Holmes hawthorn

fCrataegus holmesi<ina Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

16:78. 1900 (Feb.). (Section Coccineae).

Crataegus tenuifolia Britton, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul, 1: 448,

1900 (March). Not Guild.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 145

-fCrataegus holmesiana villipes Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei.

Soc, Jour. 17(2): 11. 1901.

Crataegus villipes (Ashe) Ashe, Carnegie Mus. Ann. 1:

388.. 1902.

Crataegus tardipes Sarg., Ontario Nat. Sei. Bul. 4: 51. 1908.

'^Crataegus holmesiana VB.Y. tardipes (Sarg.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 254, 1920.

Crataegus holmesiana var. amicta (Ashe) Palmer, Brittonia

5: 488. 1946.

Crataegus holmesiana var. chippewaensis (Sarg.) Palmer,

Brittonia 5: 488. 1946.

Crataegus holmesiana var. magniflora (Sarg.) Palmer,

Brittonia 5: 488. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Named for Joseph Austin Holmes (1859-1915),

geologist of North Carolina.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Holmes thorn, thin-leaved thorn.

RANGE.—Southern Maine, southern Quebec, and southern Ontario, west to Michigan and Minnesota, and south in Northeast

to Pennsylvania.

Crataegus horridula Sarg., see C. pruinosa (H. L. Wendl.) K. Koch

Crataegus incaeduxi Sarg., see note under C. coUina Chapm.

Crataegus ignava Beadle

-^Crataegus ignava Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 31. 1901.

(Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—Inactive, perhaps from its unfruitfulness during

three seasons which delayed its study and description.

RANGE.—Northeastern Alabama.

Crataegus illinoiensis Ashe, see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus induta Sarg. turkey hawthorn

^Crataegus induta Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 115, pi. 58.

1903. (Section Molles).

^Crataegus invisa Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 147, pi. 160.

1911,

DERIVATION.—Covered, referring to the hoary covering of hairs

on young foliage and flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—turkey-apple hawthorn (SPN), fturkey-apple.

RANGE.—Southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and

eastern Texas.

Crataegus ingens Beadle

iCrataegus ingens Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 56. 1902.

(Section Virides).

DERIVATION.—^Enormous, from the large size; described as a

spreading tree to 26 feet tall and 1 foot in trunk diameter.

RANGE.—-Southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia,
146 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus integra (Nash) Beadle, see C. floridana Sarg.

Crataegus integriloba Sarg., see note under C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus intermixta Sarg., see C. permixta Palmer

Crataegus invisa Sarg., see C. induta Sarg.

Crataegus iracunda Beadle

Crataegus silvícola Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 28: 414. 1899. Not

Crataegus silvícola Gandoger, Soc. Bot. France Bui. 18:

448. 1871.

Crataegus iracunda Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 124.

1902. (Section Silvicolae).

'\Crataegus drymophila Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1 :

252. 1920; as ''drymopila."

Crataegus iracunda var. silvicola [Beadle] Palmer, Brittonia 5: 486. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Irascible; the significance obscure.

RANGE.—Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Kentucky, south to southeastern Louisiana, Alabama, and Georgia.

A large shrub or slender tree to 25 feet tall.

Crataegus irrasa Sarg. —

Crataegus irrasa Sarg., Rhodora 5: 116. 1903. (Section

Rotundifoliae).

Crataegus irrasa var. blanchardi (Sarg.) Eggl., Rhodora

10:79. 1908.

DERIVATION.—Indented, perhaps referring to the leaves.

COMMON NAME.—Blanchard thorn.

RANGE.—Southern Quebec, New York and Vermont.

A shrub or sometimes a tree 13 to 16 feet high, according to Palmer (in

Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 782. 1950).

Crataegus oakesiana Eggl. (Torreya 7: 35. 1907), a shrub or small tree

to 20 feet high, of Vermont, was recorded as an unnumbered binomial of

very limited occurrence by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 782.

1950).

Crataegus jasperensis Sarg., see C. reverchonii Sarg.

Crataegus jesupii Sarg. —

Crataegus jesupi Sarg., Rhodora 5: 61. 1903. (Section

Pruinosae).

DERIVATION.—Named for Henry Griswold Jesup (1826-1903),

botanist at Dartmouth College.

COMMON NAME.—Jesup thorn.

RANGE.—^Vermont and Connecticut to Pennsylvania and Ohio.

An arborescent shrub or a small tree 10 to 20 feet high, according to

Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 793. 1950).

Crataegus jonesiae Sarg. Jones hawthorn

-fCrataegtLS jonesae Sarg., Bot. Gaz. SI: 14. 1901. (Section Rotundifoliae).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 147

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Beatrix Jones Farrand,

the first professional American woman landscape architect, and

who brought this hawthorn to Sargent's attention.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Miss Jones thorn.

RANGE.—Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick,

southern Quebec, and Maine.

Crataegus kellermanii Sarg., see note under C. punctata Jacq.

Crataegus kelloggii Sarg., see note under C. mollis Scheele

Crataegus kingstonensis Sarg., see note under C« brainerdii Sarg.

Crataegus lacera Sarg. —

iCrataegus lacera Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 123. 1902. (Section Tenuifoliae?).

DERIVATION.—Torn, or lacerated, referring to the incised leaf

borders.

RANGE.—Southwestern Arkansas.

Craitaegus lacrimata Small Pensacola hawthorn

^Crataegus lacrimata Small, Torreya 1: 97. 1901. (Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—Of tears, referring to the drooping or "weeping"

branches.

RANGE.—Northwestern Florida.

Crataegus laetifica Sarg., see note under C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus lanuginosa Sarg.

^Crataegus lanuginosa Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 113, pi.

57. 1903. (Section Molles).

DERIVATION.—Soft-hairy, referring to twigs, leaves and

pedicels.

COMMON NAME.—^woolly thorn.

RANGE.—Southwestern Missouri and southeastern Kansas, to

eastern Oklahoma and central Arkansas.

^Crataegus dispessa Ashe (Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 19(1): 17.

1903 (March); as "dispersa'' in 1927 Check List. iCrataegus treleasei

Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 63, pi. 32. 1903 (May 13). Crataegus pyriformis

(Britten, not Jacques) of southern Missouri, was recorded as an unnumbered

binomial of very limited occurrence by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot.

Ed. 8, 797. 1950).

Crataegus lawrencensis Sarg., see note under C. crus-galli L.

Crataegus laxiflora Sarg., see note under C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus leiophylla Sarg. »

Crataegus leiophylla Sarg., Rochester Acad. Sei. Proc. 4:

99. 1903. (Section Pruinosae).

DERIVATION.—Smooth-leaved.

COMMON NAMES.—Maine thorn, smooth thorn.
148 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Southern Ontario and New York.

An arborescent shrub or rarely a tree 16 to 20 feet high, according to

Palmer (in Pern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 792. 1950).

Crataegus leonensis Palmer Leon hawthorn

Crataegus leonensis Pahner, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 13:

422, fig. 1. 1932. (Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—From Leon County, Florida.

RANGE.—Central and northwestern Florida.

This species, described since publication of the 1927 Check List, becomes

a tree 33 to 39 feet high.

Crataegus lettermanii Sarg., see note under C. collina Chapm.

Crataegus leucantha Laughlin, see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus limaría Sarg.

-fCrataegus limaría Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 149, pi. 16L

1911. (Section Molles).

DERIVATION.—Polished, referring to the lustrous fruits.

RANGE.—Southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and

eastern and central Texas.

Crataegus limnophila Sarg., see C. pyracanthoides Beadle

Crataegus lobulata Sarg., see C. pringlei Sarg.

Crataegus locuples Sarg., see note under C. mollis Scheele

Crataegus lucorum Sarg., see note under C. macrosperma Ashe

Crataegus luculenta Sarg., see C. aestivalis (Walt.) Torr. & Gray

Crataegus luxuriosa Sarg., see C. gravis Ashe

Crataegus macauleyae Sarg., see note under C. coleae Sarg.

Crataegus mackenzii Sarg. Mackenzie hawthorn

Crataegus mackenzii Sarg, in Mackenzie, Man. Fl. Jackson

Co., Mo. 108. 1902. (Section Pruinosae).

Crataegus mackenzii var. hracteata (Sarg.) Palmer in

Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 562. 1935;

Pahner in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 133. 1938.

Crataegus mackenzii var. áspera (Sarg.) Palmer, Brittonia

5: 487. 1946.

DERIVATION.—-Named for its discoverer, Kenneth Kent Mackenzie (1877-1934), American attorney and botanist.

RANGE.—^Kentucky and Missouri to southeastern Iowa, southeastern Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas.

An arborescent shrub or a small tree 16 to 20 feet high, according to

Palmer (in Pern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 791. 1960). Previously

regarded as a shrub.

Crataegus platycarpa Sarg. (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19: 92. 1908),

a tree 20 to 23 feet high from southern Indiana, southern Illinois, Missouri,

and northeastern Arkansas, was recorded as an unnumbered binomial by
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 149

Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 791. 1950). Earlier, Palmer

(in Deam, Fl. Ind. 547, 551. 1940) suggested that it might be a hybrid

between a species of section Pruinosae and C. mollis.

Crataegus macracantha Load., see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus macrosperma Ashe larger-seed hawthorn

Crataegus macrosperma Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

16: 73. 1900 (June?). (Section Tenuifoliae).

Crataegus roanensis Ashe, N. C. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 175:

114. 1900 (Aug.).

fCrataegus pentandra Sarg., Rhodora 3: 25. 1901.

Crataegus prona Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 19(1) :

17. 1903.

iCrataegus paucispina Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 35: 391. 1903.

Crataegus streeterae Sarg., Rochester Acad. Sei. Proc. 4:

119. 1903.

Crataegus macrosperma var. acutiloba (Sarg.) EggL,

Rhodora 10: 80. 1908.

Crataegus macrosperma var. demissa (Sarg.) EggL, Rhodora

10: 80. 1908.

Crataegus macrosperma var. matura (Sarg.) Eggl., Rhodora

10: 80. 1908.

Crataegus macrosperma var. pentandra (Sarg.) Eggl., Rhodora 10: 80. 1908.

ICrataegus cordifolia (Mill.) Farwell var. borealis (Ashe)

Farwell, Amer. Midland Nat. 12: 63. 1930.

Crataegus cordifolia var. macrosperma (Ashe) Farwell,

Amer. Midland Nat. 12: 63. 1930.

Crataegus cordifolia var. matura (Sarg.) Farwell, Amer.

Midland Nat. 12: 63. 1930.

Crataegus cordifolia var. pastorum (Sarg.) Farwell, Amer.

Midland Nat. 12: 63. 1930.

Crataegus basilica var. viridimontana (Sarg.) Palmer in

Dole, Fl. Vt. Ed. 3, 151. 1937.

Crataegus macrosperma var. roanensis (Ashe) Palmer,

Brittonia 5: 486. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Large-seeded (literally long-seeded), referring

to the nutlets.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—large-seeded haw, Roan Mountain

thorn, variable thorn.

RANGE.—Newfoundland, southern Quebec, and Maine, west to

Michigan, Wisconsin, and southeastern Minnesota, south to Illinois, Kentucky and in mountains to Tennessee, northern Alabama,

northern Georgia, and North Carolina, north to New York.

Crataegus fretails Sarg. (Rhodora 5: 112. 1903; Crataegus neofaxonii

Sargi, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 6: 2. 1925), of Massachusetts and Connecticut, is possibly a hybrid between species of Sections Tenuifoliae and

CoccineaOj, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 787.

1950).

^Crataegus lueorum Sarg. (Bot. Gaz. 31: 227. 1901), from Vermont,

Connecticut, and New York, west to Michigan, Illinois, and Ohio, is perhaps

a hybrid between species of Sections Tenuifoliae and Coccineae, according to

Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 787. 1950).
150 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus maloides Sarg., see C. aestivalîs (Walt.) Torr. & Gray

Crataegus mansfieldensis Sarg., see note under C. chrysocarpa

Ashe

Crataegus margaretta Ashe Margaret hawthorn

^Crataegus margaretta Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

16: 72. 1900. (Section Rotundifoliae).

^Crataegus margaretta var. brownii (Britton) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 3: 199. 1922.

Crataegus margaretta var. angustifolia Palmer in Deam, Fl.

Ind. 543. 1940.

Crataegus margaretta var. meiophylla (Sarg.) Palmer,

Brittonia 5: 485. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Named for Margaret Henry Wilcox, later Mrs.

W. W. Ashe.

OTHER COMMON NAME.^—^Mrs. Ashe's thorn.

RANGE.—Southern Ontario and Michigan, west to Iowa, south

to Missouri, Tennessee, and Virginia.

Crataegus sicca Sarg. (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19: 101. 1908),

local from southeastern Missouri, was recorded as a stout shrub or rarely

a small tree 13 to 16 feet high by Palmer (in Fern., jQray's Man. Bot. Ed.

8, 783. 1950).

Crataegus mariettensis Sarg., see C. pruinosa (H. L. Wendl.) K,

Koch

Crataegus marshallii Eggl. parsley hawthorn

Mespilus apiifolia Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 89. 1785.

iCrataegus apiifolia Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 287. 1803.

Not C. apiifolia Med., Gesch. Bot. 83. 1793.

Crataegus marshallii Eggl., Rhodora 10: 79. 1908. (Section Microcarpae).

DERIVATION.—Named for Humphry Marshall (1722-1801),

American botanist who first described it.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—tparsley haw, parsley-leaved thorn.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain mostly, from southeastern Virginia to

central Florida and west to eastern Texas, north in Mississippi

Valley to southeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Missouri.

Crataegus mendosa Beadle

Crataegus mendosa Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 65.

1902. (Section Intricatae).

Crataegus gilva Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 60. 1902.

DERIVATION.—Literally, full of faults; possibly since fruiting

specimens were not available for 2 years because of a fungus

disease.

RANGE.—Northern Alabama.

A shrub or small tree 10 to 20 feet high.

Crataegus meridiana Beadle

Crataegus meridiana Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 115.

1902. (Section Flavae).
CHECK List OF TREES Oï" THE UNITED STATES 151

DERIVATION.—Of noon, hence southern.

COMMON NAME.—southern haw.

RANGE.—North CaroUna, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama,

and Florida.

A smaU tree or large shrub 10 to 23 feet high.

Crataegus meridionalis Sarg.

iCrataegus meridionalis Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1 :

252. 1920. (Section Molles).

DERIVATION.—Southern.

RANGE.—Western Alabama and eastern Mississippi.

Crataegus micracantha Sarg., see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus mitis Sarg., see C. acutifolia Sarg.

Crataegus mohril Beadle Mohrs hawthorn

^Crataegus mohri Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 28: 416. 1899. (Section Crus-galli).

-fCrataegus denaria Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 131.

1902.

DERIVATION.—Named for Charles Theodore Mohr (1824-1901),

German-born manufacturing druggist and botanist of Alabama.

He was at one time employed by the Forestry Division of the

United States Department of Agriculture to make a study of

southern pines.

RANGE.—Kentucky and Tennessee, south to Georgia, Alabama,

and Arkansas.

Crataegus mollis Scheele downy hawthorn

Crataegus coccinea e ? mollis Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer.

1:465. 1840.

•fCrataegus mollis Scheele, Linnaea 21: 569. 1848. (Section Molles).

fCrataegus arkansana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 223. 1901.

iCrataegus grávida Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 119.

1902.

^Crataegus sera Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 115. 1902.

Crataegus redolens Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 19:

14. 1903.

Crataegus mollipes Sarg., Mich. Geol. Surv. Rpt. 1906: 545.

1907.

Crataegus mollis var. sera (Sarg.) Eggl., Rhodora 10: 82.

1908.

Crataegus acerifolia Lodd. var. sera (Sarg.) Farwell, Amer.

Midland Nat. 12: 65. 1930.

DERIVATION.—Soft, referring to the hairy foliage.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fred haw, downy thorn.

RANGE.—Southern Ontario, west to Michigan, southern Minnesota, eastern North Dakota, and eastern South Dakota, south to

eastern Oklahoma, Arkansas, Alabama, and central Tennessee.
152 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

-fCrataegus kelloggii Sarg. (Trees and Shrubs 1: 117, pi. 59. 1903),

from Indiana to Missouri, is probably a hybrid between C. margaretta and

C. mollis, according to Palmer and Steyermark (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22:

663. 1935) and Palmer (in Pern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 797. 1950).

Crataegus locuplea Sarg. (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19: 97. 1908;

Crataegus decUvitatis Sarg., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19: 103. 1908),

from Ohio to Kentucky and Missouri, is probably a hybrid between a species

of Section Pruinosae and C. mollis, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray*s

Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 793. 1950).

Crataegus ridgwayi Sarg. (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 6: 2. 1925; Section

Molles), described as a slender tree 13 to 16 feet high from Richland County,

southeastern Illinois, was not accepted by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man.

Bot. Ed. 8, 767-801, illus. 1950).

CRATAEGUS MONOGYNA Jacq. ONE-SEED HAWTHORN

Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Fl. Austr. 3: 50, pi. 292, fig. 1.

1775. (Section Oxyacanthae).

DERIVATION.—Having one ovary; from the usually single nutlet.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—single-seed hawthorn (SPN), English

hawthorn, European hawthorn, May thorn, white thorn.

RANGE.—Long cultivated and escaped from cultivation from

Nova Scotia, Quebec, Maine, and New York, west to Minnesota

and Oregon, south to Nebraska and North Carolina. Naturalized

locally. Native of Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia.

Records of ^Crataegus oxyacantha L. (L., Sp. PL 477. 1753), fEnglish

hawthorn, as an escapee in northeastern United States probably refer, at

least in part, to this species. C. oxyacantha, native of Europe and north

Africa, is in cultivation but not naturalized.

Crataegus montivaga Sarg., see C. tracyi Ashe

Crataegus neofàxonii Sarg., see note under C. macrosperma Ashe

Crataegus neo-fluvialis Ashe, see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus neo-londinensis Sarg., see C. dilatata Sarg.

Crataegus nítida (Engelm.) Sarg. glossy hawthorn

Crataegus viridis nitida Engelm. ex Britton & Brown, lUus.

Fl. North. States Canada 2: 242. 1897.

"^Crataegus nitida (Engelm.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 231.

1901. (Section Virides).

DERIVATION.—Shining; referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—shining thorn.

RANGE.—Ohio to Missouri and Arkansas.

Crataegus noelensîs Sarg. Noel hawthorn

-^Crataegus noelensis Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1: 253.

1920. (Section Molles).

^Crataegus transmississippiensis Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 3: 7. 1922.

DERIVATION.—From Noel, Missouri, where it was discovered.

RANGE.—Southern Missouri and northern Arkansas.

Crataegus Xnotha Sarg., see note under C. brachyphylla Sarg.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 153

Crataegus nuda Sarg., see note under C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus oakesiana Bggh, see note under C. irrasa Sarg.

Crataegus occidentalis Britton, see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus ohioensis Sarg., see note under C. pyracanthoides

Beadle

Crataegus olivácea Sarg., see C. fontanesîana (Spach) Steud.

Crataegus opaca Hook. & Arn. ríverflat hawthorn

^Crataegus opaca Hook. & Arn. in Hook., Comp. Bot. Mag.

1: 25. 1835. (Section Aestivales).

Crataegus aestivalis var. dormonae Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club

Bui. 55:464. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Opaque.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—May haw.

RANGE.—^Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and eastern Texas.

Crataegus opima Beadle

-fCrataegus opima Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 40.

1901. (Section Pulcherrimae).

DERIVATION.—Fruitful, being frequently loaded with small

bright red fruits.

RANGE.—Southern Alabama and northwestern Florida.

Crataegus ouachitensis Palmer Ouachita hawthorn

Crataegus ouachitensis Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 7:

124. 1926. (Section Intricatae).

Crataegus ouachitensis var. minor Palmer, Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 7: 125. 1926.

DERIVATION.—Of Ouachita Mountains.

RANGE.—Arkansas.

A shrub or small tree 13 to 20 feet high.

Crataegus ovata Sarg., see C. viridis L.

Crataegus oxyacantha L., see note under C. MONOGYNA Jacq.

Crataegus padifolia Sarg.

Crataegus padifolia Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 75, pi.

35. 1908. (Section Intricatae).

Crataegus padifolia var. incarnata Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 6: 4. 1925.

DERIVATION.—Cherry-leaf.

COMMON NAME.—Padus-leaved thorn.

RANGE.—Southern Missouri and northern Arkansas.

A stout shrub or tree 16 to 20 feet high, according to Palmer (in Fern..

Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 772. I960),
154 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus palmeri Sarg. Palmer hawthorn

iCrataegiis palmeri Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 57, pi. 29.

1903. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Ernest Jesse Pahner,

American botanist and authority on Crataegus.

RANGE.—Missouri, southeastern Kansas, Oklahoma, and

Arkansas.

Crataegus panda Beadle

^Cratfiegus panda Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 89.

1902. (Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—Bent or crooked, referring to the branches.

RANGE.—Northwestern Florida.

Crataegus paucispina Sarg., see C, macrosperma Ashe

Crataegus pausiaca Ashe, see C. punctata Jacq.

Crataegus pedicellata Sarg. scarlet hawthorn

?Crataegus coccínea L., Sp. PI. 476. 1753; in part?; nomen

ambiguum.

fCrataegus pedicellata Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 226. 1901.

(Section Coccineae).

Crataegus albicans Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

17(2): 20. 1901.

•^Crataegus ellwangeriana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 118. 1902.

\Crataegus acclivis Sarg., Rochester Acad. Sei. Proc. 4: 115.

1903.

-fCrataegus sertata Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 35: 381. 1903.

^Crataegus assurgens Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 35: 382. 1903.

ÍCrataegusrobesonianaSsLYg.,Rhodorsi 5:110. 1903.

YCrataegus delecta Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 451, fig. 368.

1905.

^Crataegus eamesi Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 454, fig. 370.

1905.

Crataegus pedicellata var. ellwangeriana (Sarg.) Eggl.,

Rhodora 10: 82. 1908.

^Crataegus pedicellata var. gloriosa (Sarg.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 254. 1920.

Crataegus pedicellata var. albicans (Ashe) Palmer in Dole,

Fl. Vt. Ed. 3, 154. 1957 ;^s''pedicillataJ'

Crataegus pedicellata var. robesoniana (Sarg.) Palmer,

Brittonia 5: 488. 1946.

DERIVATION.—^Pedicelled, the flowers on long thin pedicels.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Ontario hawthorn (SPN), fscarlet

haw, fEUwanger thorn, glistening thorn, scarlet thorn.

RANGE.—^Maine, southern Quebec, and southern Ontario to

Michigan and Wisconsin, south to northern Illinois, northern

Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New York.

^Crataegus hillii Sarg. (Bot. Gaz. 35: 384. 1903), from Ohio and northeastern Illinois, was recorded as an unnumbered binomial of very limited

occurrence by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 794. 1950),
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 155

1iCrataegu£ anómala Sarg. (Rhodora 3: 74. 1901), from southern Quebec

and Maine to Vermont and New York, is possibly a hybrid between species

of Sections Coccineae and Molles, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man.

Bot. Ed. 8, 795. 1950).

^Crataegus corusca Sarg. (Bot. Gaz. 33: 117. 1902), of Lake County,

Illinois, is perhaps a hybrid between a species of Section Coccineae and C.

mollis, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot Ed. 8, 795. 1950).

Crataegus penita Beadle

iCrataegus penita Beadle, Biltmore Bot, Studies 1: 57.

1902. (Section Virides).

DERIVATION.—Furnished with a tail, perhaps referring to the

elongated pedicels.

RANGE.—Southeastern Tennessee.

Crataegus pennsylvanica Ashe Pennsylvania hawthorn

iCrataegus pennsylvanica Ashe, Carnegie Mus. Ann. 1: 394.

1902. (Section Coccineae).

Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 35: 106. 1903.

Crataegus albicans Ashe var. tatnalliana (Sarg.) Farwell,

Amer. Midland Nat. 12: 67. 1930.

DERIVATION.-—Of Pennsylvania, where first found.

RANGE.—Delaware, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.

Crataegus pentandra Sarg., see C. macrosperma Ashe

Crataegus peoriensis Sarg. prairie hawthorn

fCrataegus peoriensis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 5. 1901. (Section Punctatae).

^Crataegus pratensis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 6. 1901.

Crataegus grandis Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

17(2): 9. 1901.

DERIVATION.—^Of Peoria County, Illinois, the type locality.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Peoria hawthorn (SPN), tprairie

thorn.

RANGE.—Northern and central Illinois.

Crataegus permixta Palmer —

-fCrataegus intermixta Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3:

5, 1922. Not C. intermixta (Wenzig) Beck, FL Niederösterreich 706. 1892.

Crataegus permixta Palmer, Brittonia 5: 483. 1946. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Very mixed.

COMMON NAME.—Hannibal hawthorn (SPN).

RANGE.—Illinois and northeastern Missouri.

Crataegus schizophylla Eggl. (Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 38: 243. 1911),

local on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, is a shrub or rarely a small

tree 13 feet high, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8,

777. 1950).

Crataegus pertomentosa Ashe, see C. succulenta Schrad.
156 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus phaenoneura Sarg., see note under C. hannibalensis

Palmer

Crataegus phaenopyrum (L. f.) Med. Washington hawthorn

Mespilus phaenopyrum L. f., Sup. PI. Syst. Veg. 254. 1781.

Crataegus populifolia Walt., Fl. Carol. 147. 1788.

^Crataegus phaenopyrum (L. f.) Med., Gesch. Bot. 84.

1793. (Section Cordatáe).

DERIVATION.—With the appearance of a pear.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fWashington thorn.

RANGE.—Virginia to Kentucky, southern Illinois, and Missouri,

south to Arkansas and Florida. Escaping from cultivation and

naturalized in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and elsewhere in northeastern States.

At one time known as Crataegus cordata (Mill.) Ait., which was based

upon an unidentified name, as listed above under the introduction to the

genus,

Crataegus piperi Britton, see C. columbiana Howell

Crataegus platyearpa Sarg., see note under C. mackenzii Sarg.

Crataegus poliophylla Sarg.

-fCrataegus poliophylla Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3:

185. 1922. (Section Virides).

DERIVATION.—^With rosemarylike leaves, or with gray or hoary

leaves; the leaves being whitish woolly when young.

RANGE.—Eastern Texas.

Crataegus populifolia Walt., see C. phaenopyrum (L. f.) Med.

Crataegus populnea Ashe

Crataegus populnea Ashe, Carnegie Mus. Ann. 1: 395.

1902. (Section Silvicolae).

fCrataegus diffusa Sarg., Rochester Acad. Sei. Proc. 4: 103.

1903.

DERIVATION.—Like a poplar.

COMMON NAME.—Gruber thorn.

RANGE.—New York to Michigan, south to Ohio and Pennsylvania.

Crataegus porteri Britton Porter hawthorn

Crataegus porteri Britton, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 1: 448.

1900. (Section Pruinosae).

Crataegus porteri var. caerulescens (Sarg.) Palmer, Brittonia 5: 448. 1946.

DERIVATION.—^Named for Thomas Conrad Porter (1822-1901),

botanist of Lafayette College and one of the discoverers.

RANGE.—Eastern Massachusetts and in Pennsylvania and adjacent Ohio.

An arborescent shrub or a tree 10 to 13 feet high, according to Palmer

(in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 792. 1950).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 157

Crataegus pratensis Sarg., see C, peorîensîs Sarg.

Crataegus pringlei Sarg. Priogle hawthorn

-fCrataegus pringlei SsLYg., WhodoYB. 3:21. 1901. (Section

Coccineae).

•fCrataegus lobulata Sarg., Rhodora 3: 22. 1901.

Crataegus pringlei var. exclusa (Sarg.) Eggl., Rhodora 10:

82. 1908.

Crataegus pringlei var. lobulata (Sarg.) Eggl., Rhodora 10:

82. 1908.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Cyrus Guernsey

Pringle (1838-1911), American botanist and horticulturist.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Pringle thorn.

RANGE.—New Hampshire, Vermont, and Massachusetts, west

to New York, southern Ontario, and northern Illinois.

Crataegus pruinosa (H. L. Wendl.) K. Koch frosted hawthorn

Mespilus pruinosa H. L. Wendl., Flora 6: 701. 1823.

^Crataegus pruinosa (H. L. Wendl.) K. Koch, Hort. Dendrol.,

168. 1853. (Section Pruinosae).

Crataegus horridula Sarg., Mich. Geol. Surv. Rpt. 1906 ; 526.

1907.

Crataegus pruinosa var. latisepala (Ashe) Eggl., Rhodora

10: 81. 1908.

-^Crataegus mariettensis Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3:

194. 1922.

Crataegus pruinosa var. dissona (Sarg.) Eggl. in House,

N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 254: 414. 1924.

Crataegus pruinosa var. hrachypoda (Sarg.) Palmer in

Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 562. 1935;

Palmer in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 133. 1938.

Crataegus pruinosa var. delawarensis (Sarg.) Palmer, Brittonia 5: 487. 1946.

DERIVATION.—^With a frostlike bloom, referring to the fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^waxy-fruited thorn.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and^ Quebec, west to Wisconsin, south

to northern Arkansas and North Carolina.

Crataegus punctata Jacq. doitted hawthorn

-fCrataegus punctata Jacq., Hort. Vindob. 1: 10, pi. 28.

1770. (Section Punctatae).

Crataegus punctata a rubra Ait., Hort. Kew. 2: 170. 1789.

Crataegus punctata ß áurea Ait., Hort. Kew. 2: 170. 1789.

-^Crataegus punctata var. xanthocarpa (Med.) Lav., Arb.

Kew. 1: 53, pl. 16. 1880.

iCrataegus punctata var. canescens Britton, Torrey Bot.

Club Bul. 21: 231. 1894.

fCrataegus pausiaca Ashe, Carnegie Mus. Ann. 1: 390.

1902.

iCrataegus punctata var. microphylla Sarg., Acad. Nat. Sei,

Phila. Proc. 62: 159. 1910.
158 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus punctata var. nitidula (Sarg.) Farwell, Amer.

Midland Nat 12: 66. 1930.

Crataegus punctata var. pausiaca (Ashe) Palmer, Brittonia

5: 483. 1946..

DERIVATION.—Dotted, referring to the fruits.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—dotted haw, fdotted thorn, largefruited thorn, white thorn.

RANGE.—Newfoundland, southern Quebec, and southern Ontario, west to southern Michigan and southeastern Minnesota,

south to Iowa, Kentucky, North Carolina, and northern Georgia.

Crataegus kellermanii Sarg. (Trees and Shrubs 2: 239. 1913), of Ohio,

is perhaps a hybrid between C punctata and a species of Section Pruinosae,

according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 780. 1950).

•fCrataegus silvestris Sarg. (Ont. Nat. Sei. Bul. 4: 15. 1908), similar

to C. kellermanii and found near London, Ontario, was recorded as an unnumbered binomial of very limited occurrence by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's

Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 780. 1950).

Crataegus celsa Sarg. (N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 122: 31. 1908), of southern

Ontario and New York, is perhaps a hybrid between C. punctata and C

succulenta, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 780.

1950).

Crataegus putnamiana Sarg. Putnam hawthorn

Crataegus putnamiana Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 4:

102. 1923. (Section Coccineae).

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of Rufus Putnam (1738-1824),

American general and pioneer settler of Ohio, who in 1788 laid

out Marietta, the type locality.

RANGE.—Southern Ohio, southern Indiana, southern Illinois,

and northern Kentucky.

A tree up to 26 to 32 feet high or sometimes an arborescent shrub, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 795. 1950).

Crataegus pyracanthoides Beadle

Crataegus pyracanthoides Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1:

136. 1902. (Section Crus-galli).

fCrataegus arbórea Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 137.

1902.

-^Crataegus limnophila Sarg.,-Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 3.

1922.

Crataegus pyracanthoides var. arbórea (Beadle) Palmer in

Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 599. 1935;

Palmer in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 132. 1938.

Crataegus pyracanthoides var. limnophila (Sarg.) Palmer,

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 13: 420. 1932.

DERIVATION.—Resembling Pyracantha, firethorn.

COMMON NAMES.—^Montgomery hawthorn, Wakulla hawthorn.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from eastern Virginia to northern

Florida, Alabama, and Louisiana, north in Mississippi Valley to

Missouri and Indiana.

^Crataegus oMoensis Sarg. (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 183. 1922),

of Franklin County, Ohio, was recorded as an unnumbered binomial of very

limited occurrence by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 776.

1950).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 159

Crataegus pyriformis Britten, see note under C. lanuginosa Sarg.

Crataegus quercina Ashe, see C. texana Buckl.

Crataegus raveiielii Sarg. Ravenel hawthorn

jfCrataegus ravenelii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 122. 1902. (Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—Named for Henry William Ravenel (1814-1887),

botanist of South Carolina and authority on fungi and other

lower plants, who first collected a specimen of it in 1880.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^big-fruited haw.

RANGE.—South Carolina, Georgia and northern Florida.

Crataegus recurva Beadle

-fCrataegus recurva Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 106.

1902. (Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—^Recurved, perhaps referring to the pendulous

branches.

RANGE.—Northern Florida.

Crataegus redolens Ashe, see C. mollis Scheele

Crataegus regalis Beadle Piedmont hawthorn

-fCrataegus regalis Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 134.

1902. (Section Crus-galli).

Crataegus regalis var. paradoxa (Sarg.) Palmer in Palmer

& Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 559. 1935; Palmer

in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 132. 1938.

DERIVATION.—Royal.

RANGE.—North Carolina to southern Indiana, Missouri and

southeastern Kansas, south to Arkansas, northern Alabama, and

northwestern Georgia,

Crataegus reverchonii Sarg. Reverchon hawthorn

Crataegus reverchoni Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 55, pi. 28.

1903. (Section Crus-galli).

Crataegus discolor Sarg., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19: 44.

1908.

Crataegus jasperensis Sarg., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19:

61. 1908.

ICrataegus rotunda Sarg., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 19:

59. 1908.

Crataegus stevensiana Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 4:

99. 1923.

Crataegus reverchoni var. discolor (Sarg.) Palmer, Brittonia

5:482. 1946.

Crataegus reverchoni var. stevensiana (Sarg.) Palmer,

Brittonia 5: 482. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Named for Julien Reverchon (1837-1905), Texan

of French birth, who collected plants in Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^Reverchon thorn.
160 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Missouri and eastern Kansas, south to southwestern

Oklahoma, Texas south to central part, and Arkansas.

A shrub or tree to 26 feet high, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's

Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 776. 1950).

Crataegus ridgwayi Sarg., see note under C. mollis Scheele

Crataegus rivularis Nutt. river hawthorn

iCrataegus rivularis Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer.

1: 464. 1840. (Section Douglasianae).

DERIVATION.—Of rivulets, or small streams.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—black haw.

RANGE.—Western Wyoming, southeastern Idaho, and northeastern Nevada, south to northern Arizona and northern New

Mexico.

Crataegus roanensis Ashe, see C. macrosperma Ashe

Crataegus robesoniana Sarg., see C. pedicellata Sarg.

Cratiiegus robur Beadle --——

fCrataegus robur Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 69.

1902. (Section Pulcherrimae).

DERIVATION.—Oak.

RANGE.—Northwestern Florida.

Crataegus rotunda Sarg., see C. reverchonii Sarg.

Crataegus rotundifolia Moench, see C. chrysocarpa Ashe

Crataegus rubella Beadle —~

Crataegus rubella Beadle, Bot. Gaz. SO: 344. 1900, (Section Intricatae).

DERIVATION.—Reddish.

RANGE.—Pennsylvania to southern Indiana, south to Kentucky,

Alabama, and North Carolina.

An irregularly branched shrub 3 to 13 feet high or rarely a tree up to

16 feet high, according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 772.

1950). Not in 1927 Check List and previously regarded as a shrub.

Crataegus rufula SsiYg., see C. aestivalis (Walt.) Torr. & Gray

Crataegus rugosa Ashe —

Crataegus rugosa Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 17(1) :

5. 1900. (Section Pruinosae).

DERIVATION.-—Rugose, or wrinkled.

COMMON NAME.—Fretz thorn.

RANGE.—^Vermont, New York, and Pennsylvania, west to

Indiana and Iowa, south to northern Missouri and North Carolina.

An arborescent shrub or tree up to 20 to 26 feet high according to Palmer

(in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 792. 1908).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 161

Crataegus sabineana Ashe Sabine hawthorn

Crataegus sabineana Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart. 1(2):

29. 1925. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Of Sabine, from its distribution along Sabine

River.

RANGE.—^Western Louisiana and eastern Texas.

A tree 16 to 23 feet high.

Crataegus s^tligna Greene willow hawthorn

^Crataegus saligna Greene, Pittonia 3: 99. 1896. (Section Brevispinae).

DERIVATION.—Of willow, from the slender, drooping, willowy

branches.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fwillow thorn.

RANGE.^—Mountains of Colorado.

Crataegus sargentii Beadle Sargent hawthorn

^Crataegus sargenti Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 28: 407. 1899.

(Section Intricatae).

DERIVATION.—Named for Charles Sprague Sargent (1841-

1927), American dendrologist, founder and director of the Arnold

Arboretum and authority on Crataegus, who first collected this

species.

RANGE.—Southeastern Tennessee, northwestern Georgia, and

northern Alabama.

Crataegus scabrida Sarg., see C. brainerdii Sarg.

Crataegus schizophylla Eggl., see note under C. permixta Palmer

Crataegus senta Beadle

iCrataegus ^ente Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 30: 841. 1900. (Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—Thorny.

RANGE.—^Western North Carolina.

Crataegus sera Sarg., see C. mollis Scheele

Crataegus sertata Sarg., see C. pedicellata Sarg.

Crataegus sheridana A. Neis., see C. chrysocarpa Ashe

Crataegus sicca Sarg., see note under C. margaretta Ashe

Crataegus signata Beadle pineland hawthorn

^Crataegus signata Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 42.

1901. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Marked, designated.

RANGE.—Southern Alabama and Mississippi.

Crataegus silvestris Sarg., see note under C. punctata Jacq.
162 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK. 41, XI S. DEFt. ÔP AGklCÜLtUttE

Crataegus silvícola Beadle, see C, iracunda Beadle

Crataegus simulata Sarg,, see note under C. calpodendron (Ehrh.)

Med.

Crataegus sórdida Sarg., see C. coUina Chapm,

Crataegus spathuiata Michx. littlehip hawthorn

^Crataegus spathuiata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 288. 1803.

(Section Microcarpae).

DERIVATION.—^Wedge-shaped, referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Small-fruited thorn, spathulate thorn.

RANGE.—Virginia, west to southern Missouri and Oklahoma,

south to eastern and central Texas and northern Florida.

Crataegus stenosepala Sarg.

^Crataegus stenosepala Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3:

186. 1922. (Section Virides).

DERIVATION.—Narrow-sepaled.

RANGE.—Southeastern Texas.

Crataegus stevensiana Sarg., see C. reverchanii Sarg.

Crataegus streeterae Sarg., see C. macrosperma Ashe

Crataegus sublobulata Sarg. San Augustine hawthorn

iCrataegus sublobulata Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3 :

4. 1922. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Sublobulate, or slightly small-lobed, referring to

the deeply toothed leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^Augustine hawthorn (SPN).

RANGE.—Eastern Texas.

Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec hawthorn

fCrataegus submollis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 7. 1901 (Jan.

21). (Section Molles).

fCrataegus champlainensis Sarg., Rhodora 3: 20. 1901

(Feb. 1).

DERIVATION.—Somewhat soft-hairy.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Emerson thorn.

RANGE.—^Nova Scotia, Maine, southern Quebec, and southern

Ontario to New York and Massachusetts.

Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg.

iCrataegus suborbiculata Sarg., Rhodora 3: 72. 1901.

(Section Punctatae).

-fCrataegus hudsonica Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 457, fig.

373. 1905.

COMMON NAME.—Caughuawaga thorn.

RANGE.—Southern Quebec, southern Ontario, New York and

Connecticut.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 163

Crataegus subpilosa Sarg. Eureka Springs hawthorn

-fCrataegus subpilosa Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 6.

1922. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Slightly soft-hairy, referring to the inflorescence.

RANGE.—^Northwestern Arkansas.

Crataegus succulenta Schrad. fleshy hawthorn

Mespiliis succulenta Schrad. ex Sweet, Hort. Brit. Ed. 2,

176. 1830; nomen subnudum.

iCrataegus succulenta Schrad, ex Link, Grundr. Kraut. Vorl.

(Handb., Th. 2) 3: 78. 1831. (Section Macracanthae).

-^Crataegus macracantha Lodd. ex Loud., Arb. Frut. Brit.

2: 819, fig. 572, pi. 105. 1838.

Crataegus coccínea L. var. macracantha (Lodd.) Dudley,

Cornell Univ. Bui. 2: 33. 1886.

^Crataegus illinoiensis Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

16: 76. 1900.

Crataegus neo-fluvialis Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

16: 71. 1900.

Crataegus pertomentosa Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

16: 70. 1900.

Crataegus colorado Ashe, N. C. Expt. Sta. Bui. 175: 110.

1900.

Crataegus occidentalis Britton, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 1: 448.

1900.

fCrataegus gemmosa Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 33: 119. 1902.

Crataegus crux Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 18: 17.

1902.

^Crataegus vegeta Sarg,, Bot. Gaz. 35: 396. 1903.

fCrataegus gaultii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 35: 397. 1903.

Crataegus dumicola Sarg., Rhodora 5: 183. 1903.

Crataegus fertüis Sarg., Rhodora 5: 182. 1903.

fCrataegus micracantha Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 1: 69, pl.

35. 1903. (In the 1927 Check List as ''micrantha/' the

name of a different species.)

Crataegus coloradensis A. Neis., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 17:

175. 1904.

^Crataegus virilis Sarg., Ont. Nat. Sei. Bul. 4: 68. 1908.

Crataegus coloradoides Ramaley, Bot. Gaz. 46: 383, fig. 2.

1908.

iCrataegus victorinii Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 203.

1922.

Crataegus succulenta var. macracantha (Lodd.) Eggl. in

House, N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 243/244: 65. 1923; as

''macrantha*' Eggl. in House, N. Y. State Mus. Bul.

254: 428. 1924; as ''macracantha^'

Crataegus succulenta var. rhombifolia (Sarg.) Eggl. in

House, N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 243/244: 65. 1923.

Crataegus glandulosa Moench var. michiganensis (Ashe)

Farwell, Amer. Midland Nat. 12: 65. 1930.
164 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus glandulosa var. minor (Loud.) Farwell, Amer.

Midland Nat. 12: 66. 1930.

Crataegus glandulosa var. neofluvialis (Ashe) Farwell,

Amer. Midland Nat. 12: 66. 1930.

Crataegus succulenta var. membranácea (Sarg.) Palmer in

Dole, Fl. Vt. Ed. 3, 155. 1937.

Crataegus sucGulenta var. neofluvialis (Ashe) Palmer in

Dole, FL Vt. Ed. 3, 155. 1937.

Crataegus succulenta var. pertomentosa (Ashe) Palmer in

Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 565. 1935.

Palmer in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 133. 1938.

Crataegus succulenta var. michiganensis (Ashe) Palmer,

Brittonia 5: 489. 1946.

Crataegus leucantha Laughlin, Chicago Acad. Sei., Nat. Hist.

Misc. 110: 1. 1952.

DERIVATION.—Succulent, referring to the soft fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—long-spined thorn.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia, Maine, southern Quebec and southern

Ontario, west to Michigan, Minnesota, Manitoba, and Montana,

south to Utah, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Tennessee and North

Carolina.

Crataegus laxiflora Sarg. (Bot. Gaz. 35: 400. 1903), a tree 23 to 26

feet high of local range in northern Illinois, was accepted as a species

related to C. succulenta by Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Ed. 8, 799.

1950).

fCrataegus integriloba Sarg. (Rhodora 3:78. 1901), of southern Quebec,

is perhaps a hybrid between species of Sections Macracanthae and Punctatae,

according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Ed. 8, 799. 1950).

Crataegus laetifica Sarg. (Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 62: 250. 1910),

an arborescent shrub or a small tree from Pennsylvania and Ohio, is probably a hybrid between SDecies of Sections Macracanthae and Crus-galli,

according to Palmer (in Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 800-801. 1950).

iCrataegus nuda Sarg. (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 10. 1922), from

southern Missouri (Taney County), is perhaps a hybrid between a variety

of C. sn.öGiüenta and a species of Section Crus-galli, according to Palmer (in

Fern., Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 801. 1950).

Crataegus siitherlandensis Sarg. Sutherland hawthorn

-fCrataegus sutkerlandensis Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour.

3: 192. 1922. (Section Virides).

iCrataegus sutkerlandensis var. spinescens Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 3: 193. 1922.

DERIVATION.—Named for Sutherland Springs, Texas, where

it was discovered.

RANGE.—South central Texas (Wilson County).

Crataegus taetrica Sarg., see C. basilica Beadle

Crataegus tantula Sarg., see note under C. crus-galli L.

Crataegus tardipes Sarg., see C. Iiolmesiana Ashe

Crataegus tatnalliana Sarg., see C. pennsylvanica Ashe

Crataegus tenax Ashe, see C. fontanesiana (Spach) Steud.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 165

Crataegus tenuifolia Britten, see C. holmesîana Ashe

Crataegus tersa Beadle Opelousas hawthorn

-fCrataegus tersa Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 129.

1902. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Literally, "rubbed off," or neat, referring to the

leaves which at first are hairy and later become smooth and

shining on the upper surface.

RANGE.—Louisiana and Mississippi.

Crataegus texana Buckl. Texas hawthorn

iCrataegus texana Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 1861

[v. 13] : 454. 1862. (Section Molles).

-fCrataegus berlandieri Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 230. 1901.

ÎCrataegus quercina Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour,

18(1): 27. 1902.

DERIVATION.—Of Texas, the range of the species.

RANGE.—^Eastern, central, and southern Texas,

Crataegus tomentosa L., see C. calpodendron (Ehrh.) Med.

Crataegus tortilis Ashe

Crataegus tortilis Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 18(1) :

19. 1902. (Section Tenuifoliae).

iCrataegus depilis Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 419, fig.

338. 1905.

DERIVATION.—^Twisted.

RANGE.—Wisconsin and northern Illinois.

Crataegus torva Beadle —

Crataegus torva Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 130. 1902.

(Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—Of wild, fierce appearance, perhaps referring

to the many large spines.

COMMON NAME.—he hog-apple.

RANGE.—North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana.

A large shrub or small tree 10 to 13 feet high.

Crataegus tracyi Ashe Tracy hawthorn

Crataegus tracyi Ashe ex Eggl., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 36:

639. 1909. (Section Molles).

^Crataegus montivaga Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1:

247. 1920. (As ''montegava'' in the 1927 Check List.)

DERIVATION.—Named for Prof. C. Tracy, botanist who collected

the type.

RANGE.—^l?rans-Pecos Texas.

Crataegus transmississippiensis Sarg., see C. noelensis Sarg.

Crataegus treleasei Sarg., see note C. lanuginosa Sarg.

Crataegus trianthophora Sarg., see C. uniflora Muenchh.
166 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus triflora Chapm. threeflower hawthorn

Crataegus triflora Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. Ed. 2, Sup. 2,

684. 1892. (Section Triflorae).

DERIVATION.—Three-flowered.

RANGE.—Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.

A large shrub or small tree 7 to 23 feet tall.

Crataegus tripartita Sarg.

Crataegus tripartita Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 188.

1922. (Section Virides).

DERIVATION.—Three-parted, referring to the deeply S-Iobed

leaves on vigorous twigs.

RANGE.—Southeastern Texas.

A shrub with several steins or a round-topped tree 20 to 28 feet high.

Crataegus tristis Beadle —

-fCrataegus tristis Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 84.

1902. (Section Flavae).

DERIVATION.—Sad, doubtless referring to the drooping

branches.

RANGE.—Northwestern Georgia.

Crataegus triumphalis Sarg.

-fCrataegus triumphalis Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 236.

1913. (Section Crus-galli).

DERIVATION.—^Triumphal.

RANGE.—Southwestern Arkansas and eastern Texas.

Crataegus uniflora Muenchh. one-flower hawthorn

Crataegus uniflora Muenchh., Hausvater 5: 147. 1770.

(Section Parvifoliae).

Crataegus trianthophora Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 11, pi.

106. 1907.

DERIVATION.—One-ñowered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—dwarf thorn.

RANGE.—Southern New York and Pennsylvania, west to southern Missouri, south to eastern Oklahoma, eastern Texas, and

northern Florida.

Generally a low shrub 2 to 5 feet high. In Florida it becomes "a goodsized tree," according to W. A. Murrill (Ecology 23: 123. 1942) and a tree

12 feet high and 6 inches in diameter, according to West and Arnold (Native

Trees Fla. 80. 1946). Sargent (Silva No; Amer. 4: 117-118, pi. 191. 1892)

accepted it as rarely a bushy tree 10 to 12 feet high but afterwards did not

include it as a tree.

Crataegus uniqua Sarg. —

^Crataegus uniqua Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 237. 1913.

(Section Crus-galli).

^Crataegus araioclada Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 5.

1922.

DERIVATION.—^Unique.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 167

RANGE.—Southwestern Arkansas, eastern Texas, and northwestern Louisiana.

Crataegiis vailiae Britton, see note under C. calpodendron (Ehrh.)

Med.

Crataegus vallicola Sarg., see note under C. hannibalensîs Palmer

Crataegus vegeta Sarg., see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus velutina Sarg., see C. viridis L.

Crataegus venusta Beadle —

IfCrataegus venusta Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 30: 338. 1900. (Section Intricatae).

DERIVATION.—Charming.

RANGE.—Northern Alabama.

Crataegus verruculosa Sarg.

fCrataegus verruculosa Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 894,

fig. 313. 1905. (Section Punctatae).

DERIVATION.—Minutely warty.

RANGE.—Kentucky^ to Missouri and Arkansas. •

Crataegus viburnifolía Sarg. viburnum hawthorn

"^Crataegus viburnifolia Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 145, pi.

159. 1911. (Section Molles).

DERIVATION.—^Viburnum-leaved.

RANGE.—Eastern Texas.

Crataegus victorinii Sarg., see €• succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus vilUpes (Ashe) Ashe, see C. holmesiana Ashe

Crataegus viridis L. green hawthorn

^Crataegus viridis L., Sp. PI. 476. 1753. (Section Virides).

^Crataegus arborescens EH., Sketch Bot. S.-Car. Ga. 1: 550.

1821.

^Crataegus atrorubens Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

16: 78. 1900.

fCrataegus ovata Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 402, fig. 321.

1905.

fCrataegus velutina Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 238. 1913.

Crataegus viridis var. atrorubens (Ashe) Palmer in Palmer

& Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 561. 1935; Palmer

in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 133. 1938.

Crataegus viridis var. lanceolata (Sarg.) Palmer in Palmer

& Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 561. 1935; Palmer

in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 132. 1938.

Crataegus viridis var. lutensis (Sarg.) Palmer in Palmer

& Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 561. 1935; Palmer

in Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 133. 1938.
168 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Crataegus viridis var. ovata (Sarg.) Palmer in Palmer &

Steyerm., Mo. Bet. Gard. Ann. 22: 561. 1935; Palmer in

Steyerm., Rhodora 40: 132. 1938.

DERIVATION.—Green.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—-fgreen haw, green thorn, southern

thorn.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to northern

Florida and eastern Texas, north in Mississippi Valley to eastern

Oklahoma, southeastern Kansas, Missouri, and southwestern

Indiana.

Crataegus virilis Sarg., see C. succulenta Schrad.

Crataegus visenda Beadle —

iCrataegus visenda Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 79.

1902. (Section Virides).

DERIVATION.—^Worth-seeing.

RANGE.—Northwestern Florida.

Crataegus vulsa Beadle

IfCrataegus vulsa Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 39. 1901.

(Section Virides).

DERIVATION.—Beardless, apparently referring to the glabrescent

leaves and twigs.

RANGE.—Northwestern Georgia and northeastern Alabama.

Crataegus warneri Sarg. Warner hawthorn

•fCrataegus warneri Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 184.

1922. (Section Crus-galH?).

DERIVATION.—Named for R. S. Warner, who collected it.

RANGE.—Eastern Texas.

Crataegus Xwhitakeri Sarg., see note under C. calpodendron

(Ehrh.) Med.

Crataegus williamsii Eggl. Williams hawthorn

Crataegus williamsii Eggl., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 36: 641.

1909. (Section Rotundifoliae).

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer Robert Statham Williams (1859-1945), American botanist and authority on mosses.

RANGE.—Northwestern Montana.

A round-topped shrub or tree up to 16 feet high.

Crataegus youngii Sarg. Youngs hawthorn

iCrataegus youngii Sarg,, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 4: 105.

1923. (Section Cordatae).

DERIVATION.—^Named for its discoverer, Robert C. Young.

RANGE.—^Southeastern Virginia, North Carolina, and northern

South Carolina.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 169

Crescentia L. (Family Bignoniaceae) calabash-tree

Crescentia L., Sp. PL 626. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 274.

1754.

DERIVATION.—In commemoration of Pietro de' Crescenzi (1233-

1320), early Italian writer on agriculture, whose works were

printed afterwards in 1471 and later.

Crescentia L., see also Enallagma (Miers) BailL

Crescentia cujete L. common calabash-tree

Crescentia cujete L., Sp. PL 626. 1753.

DERIVATION.—From the native common name in Yucatán,

Mexico.

RANGE.—^Florida Keys. Also in West Indies and from southern

Mexico through Central America to South America.

A tree up to about 36 feet high, according to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl.

1242, 1933). First collected at Key West, Fla., more than a century ago

by John Loomis Blodgett and recorded by Nuttall (No. Amer. Sylva 8:

71-73, pi. 103. 1849). This genus and species were not in the 1927 Check

List.

Crossopetalnm P. Br. (Family Celastraceae) crossopetalum

Crossopetalum P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 145, pi. 16,

fig. 1. 1756.

IfRhacoma L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 896, 1361. 1759. Nom.

conserv. propos., Little, Madroño 7: 246. 1944 ; Brittonia

7:46. 1949.

DERIVATION.—Fringe-petaled.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—rhacoma (SPN).

Rhacoma L., the name in universal usage for this genus, has been proposed for conservation. However, because a jury of American taxonomists

opposed the proposal, Crossopetalum P. Br. is adopted here pending action

by the International Committee concerned.

Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz Florida crossopetalum

iRhacoma crossopetalum L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 896.

1759; as "crossopetJ^

Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz, Inst. Reí Herbar. 2: 321.

1766.

Crossopetalum austrinum Gardner in Small, Fl. Southeast.

U. S. 736, 1334. 1903.

DERIVATION.—A Greek name meaning rags and used by Pliny

for some Old World plant.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^maravedí rhacoma (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies. Collected at Bermuda in 1875 but not afterwards.

Commonly a shrub but reported to become a small tree.

Cupania L. (Family Sapindaceae) cupania

iCupania L., Sp. PI. 200. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 93. 1754.

DERIVATION.—In commemoration of Francis Cupani (1657-

1710), Sicilian physician and botanist.
170 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S, DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Cupania glabra Sw. Florida cupania

iCupania glabra Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PL Prodr. 61. 1788.

DERIVATION.—Glabrous, or hairless.

RAJNGB.—Big Pine Key, near Key West, Fla., where it is very

rare. Discovered there more than a century ago and thought

exterminated until rediscovered in 1921 by John Kunkel Small,

according to the 1927 Check List (p. 197). Recorded from Big

Pine Key also by Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 829. 1933) and

by Buswell (Native Trees and Palms So. Fla. Miami Univ.

Bui. 19(6) : 31. 1945). Spreading slightly and less rare there in

1952. Also in Cuba and Jamaica and from Mexico (Veracruz to

Sinaloa southward) south in Central America to Costa Rica.

Cupressus L. (Family Pinaceae) fcypress

fCupressus L., Sp. PI. 1002. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 435.

1754.

DERIVATXON.—Classical Greek and Latin name of Italian

cypress, Cupressus sempervirens L.

REFERENCES.—Camus, A. Les cyprès (genre Cupressus).

Monographie, systématique, anatomie, culture, principaux usages.

106 pp., illus. 1914. (In Encyclopédie Économique de Sylviculture, v. 2.)

Wolf, Carl B., and Wagener, Willis W. The New World

cypresses. El Aliso v. 1, 444 pp., illus. 1948.

Cupressus L., see also Chamaecyparis Spach.

Cupressus abramsiana C. B. Wolf, see C. goveniana Gord.

*Cupressus arizonica Greene tArizona cypress

fCupressus arizonica Greene, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 9: 64.

1882.

Cupressus arizonica var. bonita Lemm., Handb. W.-Amer.

Cone-Bearers. Ed. 3, 76. 1895.

-fCupressus glabra Sudw., Amer. Forestry 16: 88, fig. 1910.

Cupressus nevadensis Abrams, Torreya 19: 92. 1919.

Cupressus macnabiana nevadensis (Abrams) Abrams, Illus.

Fl. Pacif. States 1: 73. 1923.

Cupressus stephensonii C. B. Wolf, El Aliso 1: 125, figs. 3

G-I, 9 B, 26. 1948.

DERIVATION.—Of Arizona, where it was first collected.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Arizona smooth cypress, Cuyamaca

cypress, Piute cypress, rough-bark Arizona cypress, fsmooth

cypress, cedro.

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas (Chisos Mountains, Brewster

County), southwestern New Mexico, southeastern to central

Arizona, and southern California (Kern and San Diego Counties).

Also in northern Mexico (Sonora to Coahuila and Durango).

Cupressus bakeri Jeps. Modoc cypress

Cupressus bakerii Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 61. 1909.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 171

Cupressus macnabiana var. bakeri (Jeps.) Jeps., Man. Fl.

PL Calif. 58. 1923.

Cupressus bakeri subsp. matthewsii C. B. Wolf, El Aliso 1 :

83, figs. 3 C, 7 B, 22. 1948.

DERIVATION.—Named for Milo S. Baker, California botanist,

who discovered this species in 1898.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Baker cypress, Siskiyou cypress.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oregon (Josephine County) and northern California (Siskiyou and Shasta Counties).

In the 1927 Check List included as a synonym of Cupressus macnabiana

A. Murr.

Cupressus forbesii Jeps., see C. guadalupensis S. Wats.

Cupressus glabra Sudw., see C. arizonica Greene

Cupressus goveniana Gord. fGowen cypress

iCupressus goveniana Gord., Hort. Soc. London Jour. 4:

295, fig. 1849.

Cupressus goveniana var. pigmaea Lemm., Handb. W.-Amer.

Coïie-bearers. Ed. 3, 77. 1895; as ''pigm a," corrected

in ink to ''pigmaea.'*

Cupressus pygmaea (Lemm.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 239.

1901.

^Cupressus sargenta Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 61. 1909.

Cupressus goveniana subsp. pigmaea (Lemm.) A. Camus,

Cyprès 50. 1914.

Cupressus sargenta var. duttonii Jeps., Trees Calif. Ed. 2,

200. 1923 (Sept. 1).

Cupressus abramsiana C. B. Wolf, El Aliso 1: 215, figs. 4 C,

A 15-17, 13 B, 36. 1948.

DERIVATION.—Named in compliment to James Robert Gowen,

secretary of the Royal Horticultural Society of London and a

noted developer of rhododrendron varieties.

OTHER COMMON NAMES,—Mendocino cypress, pygmy cypress,

Santa Cruz cypress, fSargent cypress.

RANGE.—Coast Ranges of California (Colusa and Mendocino

Counties southeast to Santa Barbara County).

Cupressus guadalupensis S. Wats. fTecate cypress

^Cupressus guadalupensis S. Wats., Amer. Acad Arts and

Sei. Proc. 14: 300. 1879.

Cupressus macrocarpa var. guadaloupensis (S. Wats.)

Masters, Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 18: 62, fig. 9. 1895.

Cupressus forbesii Jeps., Madroño 1: 75. 1922.

DERIVATION.—From Guadalupe Island, where it was first discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Guadalupe cypress (SPN), Forbes

cypress.

RANGE.—Southern California (Orange and San Diego Counties). Also in northwestern Lower California, Mexico, and

Guadalupe Island off Pacific coast of Lower California.
172 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Cupressus macnabiana A. Murr. fMacNab cypress

fCupressus macnabiana A. Murr., Edinb. New Phil. Jour.,

New Ser., 1: 293, pi. 11. 1855; as ''M'Nahianar

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of James MacNab (1810-1878),

a founder and president of the Edinburgh Botanical Society and

curator of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, who made horticultural

collections in the United States in 1834.

RANGE.—Northern California (Shasta County to Amador and

Somona Counties).

Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. tMonterey cypress

Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw., Hort. Soc. London Jour. 2:

187. 1847; nomen subnudum.

•fCupressus macrocarpa Hartw. ex Cord., Hort. Soc. London

Jour. 4: 296, illus. 1849.

DERIVATION.—From the "very large fruit."

RANGE.—California (Monterey County).

Cupressus nevadensis Abrams, see C. arizonica Greene

Cupressus pygmaea (Lemm.) Sarg,, see C. goveniana Gord.

Cupressus sargenta Jeps., see C. goveniana Gord.

Cupressus sempervirens L., see under Cupressus L.

Cupressus stephensonii C. B. Wolf, see C, arizonica Greene

Cylindropuntia (Engelm.) Knuth, see Opuntia Mill.

Cynoxylon Raf., see Cornus L.

Cyrilla Garden (Family Cyrillaceae) cyrilla

iCyrilla Garden ex L., Mant. PI. 1: 5. 1767.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Domenico Cirillo (1734-1799), Italian

physician, botanist, and patriot.

Cyrilla arida Small Florida cyrilla

Cyrilla arida Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 51: 383. 1924.

DERIVATION,—Arid, from the dry inland dunes of white sand,

the peculiar habitat of this species.

RANGE.—South-central Florida.

A small tree and perhaps also a shrub, according to Small (Torrey Bot.

Club Bui. 51: 383. 1924; Man. Southeast. Fl. 812. 1933).

Cyrilla paryifolia Raf. littleleaf cyrüla

Cyrilla parvifolia Raf., Autik. Bot. 8. 1840.

Cyrilla parvifolia Shuttl. ex Nash., Torrey Bot. Club BuL

23: 101. 1896.

Cyrilla racemiflora var. parvifolia (Shuttl.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 2: 166. 1921.

DERIVATION.—Small-leaved.
. CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 173

RANGE.—Coast of northwestern Florida.

A shrub 3 to 16 feet tall, according to Small (Man. Southeast. FL 812.

1933) but also arborescent, according to Joseph L. Stearns.

Cyriîîa racemiflora L. swamp cyrilla

iCyrilla racemiflora L., Mant. PI. 1: 50. 1767.

Cyrilla racemiflora var. subglobosa Fern., Rhodora 46: 46,

pi. 813, figs. 1-2. 1944.

DERIVATION.—Raceme-flowered, referring to the slender clusters

bearing numerous small flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^American cyrilla (SPN), he-huckleberry, ironwood, fswamp ironwood, leatherwood, southern leatherwood, red titi, white titi.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to northern

Florida and west to eastern Texas. Also in West Indies, in

Oaxaca, Mexico, and northern South America.

Dalea Juss. (Family Leguminosae) dalea

fDalea Juss., Gen. PI. 355. 1789 ; nomen conservandum. Not

Dalea Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v.l. 1754.

Not Dalea P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 239. 1756.

Not Dalea P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 314, pi. 34,

fig. 1. 1756. Not Dalea Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. PI. 1:

235, pi. 51, fig. 2. 1788.

Parosela Cav., Descr. PI. 185. 1802; nomen rejiciendum.

Psorodendron Rydb., No. Amer. Fl. 24: 41. 1919.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Samuel Dale (1659-1739), English

botanist and physician.

Dalea spinosa A. Gray smokethorn

-fDalea spinosa A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Mem.,

New Ser., 5: 315. 1855.

Parosela spinosa (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. No. Amer. PI. Ed.

2, 7. 1900.

Psorodendron spinosum (A. Gray) Rydb., No. Amer. Fl. 24:

45. 1919.

DERIVATION.—Spiny, the leafless twigs ending in sharp spines.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—smokethorn dalea (SPN), findigobush, smoketree.

RANGE.—Southwestern Arizona and southeastern California,

south in Mexico to Lower California and northwestern Sonora.

Daubentonia DC. (Family Leguminosae) rattlebox

Daubentonia DC, Mem. Fam. Legum. 285. 1826.

DERIVATION.—In memory of Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton

(1716-1800), French naturalist.

This genus, which is represented by a native shrubby species

in Texas, contains the following introduced tree species and is

included here as a tree.
174 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DAUBENTONIA PUNICEA (Cav.) DC. PURPLE RATTLEBOX

Piscidia punicea Cav., Icon. Descr. PI. 4: 8, pi. 316. 1797.

Daubentonia punicea (Cav.) DC, Mem. Fam. Legum. 286.

1826.

Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. in Mart., FI. Brasil. 15(1) :

43. 1859.

DERIVATION.—Purple, from the purple-red flowers.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and introduced in waste

places from Florida to Louisiana, according to Small (Man.

Southeast. Fl. 704. 1933; as Daubentonia punicea). Native

from Brazil to Argentina.

This species is recorded as a shrub or small tree.

DELONIX Raf. (Family Leguminosae) FLAMBOYANT-TREE

Delonix Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 92. 1837.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, conspicuous claws, referring to the

long-clawed petals.

REFERENCE.—Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Rose, Joseph Nelson. Delonix. No. Amer. Fl. 23: 305. 1930.

DELONIX REGIA (Bojer) Raf. FLAMBOYANT-TREE

Foinciana regia Bojer ex Hook., Curtis's Bot. Mag. 56 : No.

2884, pi. 2884. 1829.

Delonix regia (Bojer) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 92. 1837.

DERIVATION.—Royal.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—royal poinciana, flame-tree.

RANGE.—Naturalized in southern Florida, including Florida

Keys. Native of Madagascar but widely planted for ornament

and naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions.

Diospyros L. (Family Ebenaceae) persimmon

fDiospyros L., Sp. PI. 1057. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 478.

1754.

Brayodendron Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 28: 356. 1801.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, Jove's grain, alluding to the edible

fruit.

Diospyros texana Scheele Texas persimmon

•fDiospyros texana Scheele, Linnaea 22: 145. 1849.

Brayodendron texanum (Scheele) Small, Torrey Bot. Club

Bui. 28:356. 1901.

DERIVATION.—Of Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—chapóte, fblack persimmon, Mexican

persimmon.

RANGE.—Southeastern to central and Trans-Pecos Texas, south

to northeastern Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas).

Diospyros virginiana L. common persimmon

Diospyros virginiana var. virginiana

common persimmon (typical)

fDiospyros virginiana L., Sp. PI. 1057. 1753.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 175

ÎDiospyros virginiana ß pubescens Nutt., Gen. No. Amer.

PI. 2: 240. 1818.

Diospyros pubescens Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 265. 1814.

Not Diospyros pubescens Pers., Synops. PI. 2: 625. 1807.

Diospyros virginiana a pubescens [Pursh] Dippel, Handb.

Laubholzk. 1: 306. 1889.

fDiospyros virginiana var. platycarpa Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 168. 1921.

DERIVATION.—Of Virginia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fpersimmon, eastern persimmon.

RANGE.—Connecticut and southern New York west to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, and central Kansas, south to eastern Texas and central Florida.

Diospyros virginiana var. mosieri (Small) Sarg.

Diospyros mosieri Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 22: 33.

1921.

fDiospyros virginiana var. mosieri (Small) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 2: 170. 1921.

DERIVATION.—Named for Charles A. Hosier.

COMMON NAME.—fpersimmon.

RANGE.—Southern Florida.

Dipholis A. DC. (Family Sapotaceae) bustic

SpondogonaUat, Sylva Tellur. 35. 1838.

fDipholis A. DC. in DC, Prodr. 8: 188. 1844. Nom.

conserv. propos., Little, Phytologia 3: 84-85. 1949.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, two scales, referring to the appendages of the corolla.

REFERENCE.—Cronquist, Arthur. Studies in the Sapotaceae,

III. Dipholis and Bumelia. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 26: 435-471.

1945.

Dipholis salielfolia (L.) A. DC. willow bustic

Achras salicifolia L., Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 470. 1762.

iDipholis salicifolia (L.) A. DC. in DC, Prodr. 8:188. 1844.

Spondogona salicifolia (L.) House, Amer. Midland Nat. 7:

131. 1921.

DERIVATION.—willow-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fbustic, cassada.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys, Also in

West Indies from Bahama Islands southward, and from southern

Mexico (Yucatan to Veracruz, and Oaxaca southward) south to

Guatemala and British Honduras.

Dodonaea Mill. (Family Sapindaceae) hopbush

-fDodonaea Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 1. 1754.

DERRTATION.—In honor of Rembert Dodoens or Dodonaeus

(1518-1585), Dutch herbalist and physician.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—hopseedbush (SPN).
176 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Dodonaea microcarya Small Florida hopbush

-fDodonaea microcarya Small, Torreya 25: 39. 1925.

DERIVATION.—Small nut, in reference to the relative small

fruits.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Florida hopseedbush (SPN).

RANGE.—Lower Florida Keys, discovered on Big Pine Key.

Not known elsewhere.

The specific name was spelled "microcarpa** in the 1927 Check List.

Drypetes Vahl (Family Euphorbiaceae) drypetes

iDrypetes Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 49. 1807.

DERIVATION.—According to some authors, from the Greek word

for drupe, describing the fruit, or perhaps from Greek, oak and

leaf (hence petal or sepal).

Drypetes diversifolía Krug & Urban milkbark

fDrypetes diversifolia Krug & Urban in Urban, Bot. Jahrb.

15:353. 1892.

Drypetes keyensis Krug & Urban in Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 15 :

354. 1892.

DERIVATION.—^Variable leaved ; the leaves on young plants generally spiny but other leaves with entire margins.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^milkbark drypetes (SPN), whitewood, fbig Guianaplum.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys ; generally

rare but recorded as abundant on Key Largo. Also in West Indies.

Drypetes lateriflora (Sw.) Krug & Urban fGuianapIum

Schaefferia lateriflora Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. Prodr. 38. 1788.

-^Drypetes lateriflora (Sw.) Krug & Urban in Urban, Bot

Jahrb. 15: 357. 1892.

DERIVATION.—With flowers lateral, or on the sides, referring

to the axillary flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^whitewood drypetes (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern Florida north near east coast to Brevard

County and on Florida Keys. Also in Bahama Islands, Cuba,

Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.

Duranta repens L. (Sp. PI. 637. 1753; family Verbenaceae), golddrop

skyflower (creeping skyflower, SPN), was recorded as a shrub or smaU

tree in southern Florida, including Florida Keys, by Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 1142-1143, fig. 1933). According to West and Arnold (Native Trees

of Florida 192, fig. 1946), it is usually seen as a shrub. More information

on the size is desired, as it may be only a shrub in Florida except in cultivation. Widely distributed in tropical America from Bermuda, West Indies,

and M^cico to South America and grown for ornament.

Ehretia P. Br. (Family Boraginaceae) ehretia

Ehretia P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 168, pi. 16, fig. 1.

1756.

DEKIVATION.—^In honor of George Dionysius Ehret (1708-

1770), German and English botanical artist.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 177

Ehretia anacua (Mier & Beiiand.) Johnst. fanaqua

Gaza anacua Mier & Berland., Mem. Comisión Limites 5.

1832.

^Ehretia elliptica DC, Prodr. 9: 503. 1845.

Ehretia anacua (Mier & Berland.) Johnst,, Gray Herbarium,

Harvard Univ., Contrib., New Ser., 70: 89. 1924.

DERIVATION.—^The Mexican name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—anaqua ehretia (SPN), knackaway.

RANGE.—Southern Texas and Mexico from Tamaulipas to Coahuila, south to Veracruz and Guanajuato.

Elaeagnus angustifoUa L. (Sp. PI. 121. 1753), Russian-olive

(oleaster; family Elaeagnaceae), a shrub or small tree planted

as an ornamental, is recorded as having escaped occasionally from

cultivation from New England to California and may have become

naturalized locally. It is native from southern Europe to western

and central Asia.

Elaeagnus utilis A. Neis., see Shepherdia argéntea (Pursh) Nutt.

Elaphrium Jacq., see Bursera Jacq.

EUiottia Muhl. (Family Ericaceae) elliottia

Elliottia Muhl., Cat. PI. Amer. Sept. 40. 1813 ; nomen nudum,

fElliottia Muhl. ex Ell., Sketch Bot. S.-C. Ga. 1: 448. 1817.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to Stephen Elliott (1771-1830), botanist of South Carolina and author of A Sketch of the Botany of

South-Carolina and Georgia (2 v., illus. 1816-24).

OTHER COMMON NAME.—southemplume (SPN).

Elliottia racemosa Muhl. elliottia

Elliottia racemosa Muhl., Cat. PI. Amer. Sept. 40. 1813;

nomen nudum.

Elliottia racemosa Muhl. ex EIL, Sketch Bot. S.-C. Ga. 1: 448.

1817.

DERIVATION.—Racemose, the flowers in long, racemelike

clusters.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—southemplume (SPN).

RANGE.—Eastern Georgia (Columbia, Burke, BuUoch, Candler,

Telfair, and Coffee Counties). Formerly Richmond County and

also South Carolina (Aiken County) but extinct at those and

perhaps other localities. Very rare and local.

REFERENCE.—Trudell, Harry W. A new colony of Elliottia.

Bartonia 10: 24-27. 1929.

Enallagma (Miers) Baill. (Family Bignoniaceae) black-calabash

Crescentia sect. Enallagma Miers, Linn. Soc. London Trans.

26: 165, 174. 1868.

fEnallagma (Miers) Baill., Hist. PI. 10: 54. 1888.

DERIVATION.—From Greek enxillage, an interchange, referring

to its substitution for certain species theretofore placed in Crescentia.
178 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Enallagma latifolia (Mill.) Small black-calabash

Crescentia latifolia Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Crescentia No. 2.

1768.

îCrescentia ovata Burm. f., FI. Ind. 132. 1768.

Crescentia cucurbitina L., Mant. PI. 2: 250. 1771.

Enallagma cucurbitina (L.) Baill. ex K. Schum. in Engler &

Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. 4 (3b) : 247, fig. 93 D, 1895.

-fEnallagma latifolia (Mill.) Small, Fl. Miami 171, 200. 1913.

DERIVATION.—Broad-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fblack calabash-tree.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies, Central America, and northern South America.

Erythrina L. (Family Leguminosae) coralbean

Erythrina L., Sp. PI. 706. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 316. 1754.

Micropteryx Walp. in Duchass. & Walp., Linnaea 23: 739.

1851.

DERIVATIQN.—Red, from the bright red flowers of some species.

REFERENCE.—Krukoff, B. A. The American species of Erythrina. Brittonia 3: 205-337. 1939.

Erythrina crista-galli L. (Mant. PI. 1: 99. 1767; as ''crista

galli''; Micropteryx crista-galli (L.) Walp.), cockspur coralbean,

was recorded by Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 716. 1933) as a shrub

or small tree in waste places and cultivated in the Coastal Plain of

the Gulf States. It is native of southern South America.

Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney southwestern coralbean

Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney in Britton & Kearney, N. Y.

Acad. Sei. Trans. 14: 32. 1894.

DERIVATION.—^With the form of a small fan, the shape of the

bvoiifl Ipaflef"^

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^western coralbean (SPN), chilicote,

coralbean, Indian-bean.

RANGE.—Southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and

western Mexico (Lower California and Sonora to Chihuahua and

south to Michoacán).

This species becomes a small tree up to 15 feet high and 10 inches in

trunk diameter at base, according to Kearney and Peebles (Ferns Fl. PL

Ariz. 501. 1942), though usually it is a small shrub.

Erythrina herbácea L. eastern coralbean

Erythrina herbácea L., Sp. PI. 706. 1753.

Erythrina rubicunda Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 75. 1809.

Erythrina herbácea var. arbórea Chapm., Fl. South. U. S.

Ed. 3, 117. 1897.

Erythrina arbórea (Chapm.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 647,

1332. 1903.

DERIVATION.—Herbaceous ; the plants being herbs north of the

tropical part of the range.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Cherokee-bean, red-cardinal.

RANGE.—-South Carolina to southern Florida and Texas, and
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 179

eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, and Veracruz). A

tree in the United States only in southern Florida, including

Florida Keys.

This species was mentioned in a note in the 1927 Check List under the

name -fErythrina herbácea var. arbórea Chapm. The plants are usuaUy

perennial herbs but in southern Florida become shrubs and trees up to 10

to 25 feet or more in height, as recorded by Sargent (Trees and Shrubs 2:

253. 1913; Manual Trees No. Amer. ed. 2, corr. 628. 1926), SmaU (Man.

Southeast. PL 716. 1933), and others.

Erythrobalanus (Oerst.) 0. Schwarz, see Quercus L.

Esenbeckia H. B. K. (Family Rutaceae) esenbeckia

Esenbeckia H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 7: 246, pi. 655. 1825.

DERIVATION.—Commemorates Christian Gottfried Nees von

fisenbeck (1776-1858), German botanist.

Esenbeckia runyonii Morton Rimyon esenbeckia

Esenbeckia runyonii Morton, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 20:

136. imO; as''runyoni."

DERIVATION.—Named for Robert Runyon, photographer and

botanist of Brownsville, Texas, who collected the type specimen.

RANGE.—Extreme southern Texas (near Los Fresnos, Cameron

County).

A rare, smaH tree about 16 feet high, discovered in 1929. Only four trees

were found. This genus previously was not known in the United States.

Eugenia L. (Family Myrtaceae) eugenia

Eugenia L., Sp. PI. 470. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 211. 1754.

Anamomis Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Indies 240. 1860.

Mosiera Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 936, 1506. 1933.

DERIVATION.—In commemoration of Prince Eugene of Savoy

(1663-1736), a patron of botany and horticulture who made a

collection of rare plants in the gardens of Belvidere Palace near

Vienna.

Eugenia anthera Small Smalls eugenia

Eugenia anthera Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 935, 1506. 1933.

DERIVATION.—Flowery.

RANGE.—Southern Florida.

A species of shrubs or smaU trees described since publication of the 1927

Check List.

Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd. white-stopper eugenia

Myrtus axillaris Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PL Prodr. 78. 1788.

•fEugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd., Sp. PL Ed. 4, 2: 960.

1799. Not Eugenia axillaris Vellozo, FL Flumin. 209, pi. 41.

1799.

DERIVATION.—Axillary, the flowers clustered in axils of leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—stopper, fwhite stopper.

RANGE.—Central and southern Florida including Florida Keys

Also in Bermuda and West Indies.

Formerly included in Eugenia montícola (Sw.) DC, of the West Indies.
180 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Eugenia bahamensis Kiaerskou Bahama eugenia

jEugenia bahamensis Kiaerskou, Bot. Tidsskr. 17: 266, pi.

8A, fig. 4. 1890.

Anamomis bahamensis (Kiaerskou) Britton in Small, Fl.

Fla. Keys 104, 155. 1913.

Mosiera bahamensis (Kiaerskou) Small, Man. Southeast. Fh

937, 1506. 1933.

DERIVATION.—Of Bahama Islands, where it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fstopper.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

Bahama Islands.

Eugenia buxifolia (Sw.) Willd., see E. myrtoides Poir.

Eugenia confusa DC. redberry eugenia

•fEugenia confusa DC, Prodr. 3: 279. 1828.

Eugenia garberi Sarg., Gard, and Forest 2: 28, fig. 87. 1889.

DERIVATION.—Confused.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—ironwood, fred stopper.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies.

Eugenia dicrana Berg twinberry eugenia

-fEugenia dicrana Berg, Linnaea 27: 259. 1856.

Anamomis dicrana (Berg) Britton in Britton & Shafer, No.

Amer. Trees 728, fig. 668. 1908.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, pitchfork, in reference to the forked

flower cluster with usually three flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^nakedwood, fnaked stopper.

RANGE.—Southern Florida north on east coast to Cape Canaveral, and at Key West. Also in West Indies.

At one time designated as Anamomis dichotoma (Poir.) Sarg.

Eugenia garberi Sarg., see E. confusa DC.

1(Eugenia longipes Berg (Linnaea 27: 150. 1856; Mosiera longipes (Berg) Small)»trailing eugenia (fstopper), of southern

Florida, including Florida Keys, and in West Indies, was accepted

in the 1927 Check List as usually a shrub but becoming arborescent, on authority of J. K. Small. However, Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 937. 1933) afterwards described it as a shrub with many

often decumbent branches, rather than arborescent. West and

Arnold (Native Trees Fla. 157, fig. 1946) included it as a shrub,

occasionally a tree. Further information would be desirable.

Eugenia myrtoides Poir. boxleaf eugenia

Myrtus buxifolia Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. Prodr. 78. 1788.

iEugenia buxifolia (Sw.) Willd., Sp. PI. Ed. 4, 2: 960. 1799.

Not Eugenia buxifolia Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 3: 204.

1789.

Eugenia myrtoides Voir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. Sup. 3:

125. 1813.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 181

DERIVATION.—Like Myrtus, myrtle.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fgurgeon stopper, Spanish stopper.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, north on east coast to Cape Canaveral, and including Florida Keys. Also in West Indies.

Eugenia huxifolia (Sw.) Willd., under which this species was recorded in

the 1927 Check List, must be discarded as a later homonym. In its place

E, myrtoides Poir., apparently the next available name, has been adopted

here.

Eugenia rhombea (Berg) Krug & Urban spiceberry eugenia

Eugenia foetida Pers. y rhombea Berg, Linnaea 27: 212.

1856.

fEugenia rhombea (Berg) Krug & Urban in Urban, Bot.

Jahrb. 19: 644. 1895.

DERIVATION.—Rhombic, referring to the leaves narrowed at

both base and apex.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—stopper, fred stopper.

RANGE.—Lower Florida Keys to Key West. Also in West Indies.

Earlier referred to Eugenia procera (Sw.) Poir., a West Indian species.

Eugenia simpsonii (Small) Sarg. Simpson eugenia

Anamomis simpsonii Small, Torreya 17: 222, fig. 1917.

fEugenia simpsonii (Small) Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer.

Ed. 2, 775, fig. 697. 1922.

DERIVATION.—Named for Charles Torrey Simpson, Florida

naturalist and one of the discoverers.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Florida myrtle, fstopper.

RANGE.—Southern Florida (Dade County). Rare and local.

Euonymus L. (Family Celastraceae) euonymus

iEuonymus L., Sp. PI. 197. 1753; as ''EvonymitsJ' Gen. PI.

Ed. 5, 91. 1754 ; as ''Euonymus/'

DERIVATION.—Literally, of good name; an old name applied

to the European spindletree (Euonymus europaea L.).

OTHER COMMON NAME.—spindletree.

REFERENCE.—Blakelock, R. A. A synopsis of the genus Euonymus L. Kew Bui. 1591: 210-290, illus. 1951.

Linnaeus spelled this genus in two ways, and the spelling "Evonymuê**

was used in the 1927 Check List. The more common spelling "Euonymus*'

IS accepted here in accordance with the International Code.

Euonymus atropiirpnreus Jacq. eastern wahoo

•\Euonymais atropurpureus Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 2: 55,

pi. 120. 1772.

DERIVATION.—Dark purple, the color of the fruits.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—burning-bush, fwahoo.

RANGE.—Western New York to southern Ontario, central Michigan, central Minnesota, and southeastern North Dakota, south

to northwestern Nebraska, central Kansas, and eastern Texas,

east to Arkansas, Tennessee, and northern Alabama. Local in

Montana.
182 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Euonymus occidentalis Nutt. western wahoo

Euonymus occidentalis Nutt. ex Torr, in U. S. Rpts. Expl.

Miss. Pacif. 4(5): 74. 1857.

Euonymus occidentalis var. parishii (Trel.) Jeps., Man. Fl.

PI. Calif. 610. 1925.

DERIVATION.—^Western.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—western burning-bush.

RANGE.—^Washington, south to Oregon, northern California,

and in Sierra Nevada to western Nevada. Also in mountains of

southern California.

A shrub or sometimes a small tree up to 18 feet high, according to

Jepson (Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 609. 1925).

Exostema L. C. Rich, (Family Rubiaceae) exostema

^Exostema L. C. Rich, ex Humb. & Bonpl., PI. Aequin. 1:

131, pi. 38. 1807.

DERIVATION.—^Exserted stamens, the stamens long.

Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult.

Caribbean princewood

Cinchona caribaea Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 16. 1760.

•fExostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veget.

5: 18. 1819 ; as ''Exostemma/'

DERIVATION.—Caribbean.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fprincewood.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies and in Mexico (San Luis Potosí to Colima southward)

and Central America. Reported from northern South America.

Exothea Macfadyen (Family Sapindaceae) butterbough

Exothea Macfadyen, Fl. Jamaica 1: 232. 1837.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, to expel, the genus having been

separated from Melicocca L., honeyberry.

Exothea paniculata (Juss.) Radlk. butterbough

Melicocca paniculata Juss., Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Mém. 3 :

187, pi. 5. 1817.

Exothea paniculata Durand, Index Gen. Phaner. 81. 1888;

nomen nudum.

iExothea paniculata (Juss.) Radlk., E. Bayer. Akad. Wiss.

München, Math-Phys. Cl. Sitzber. 20: 276. 1891.

DERIVATION.—Panicled.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—finkwood, ironwood.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, north on east coast to Brevard

County, and on Florida Keys. Also in West Indies and Guatemala.

Eysenhardtia H. B. K. (Family Leguminosae) kidneywood

Viborquia Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 66, pi. 9. 1798, nomen

rejiciendum. Not Viborgia Moench, Meth. PI. 132. 1794.

Not Wiborgia Thunb., Nov. Gen. Sp. 10: 137. 1800 ; nomen

conservandum.
CHECK LÍST OF TREES 03F THE UNITED STATES 183

fEysenhardtia H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 6: 489, pi. 592. 1824 ;

nomen conservandum.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Karl Wilhelm Eysenhardt (1794-

1825), professor of botany in the University of Königsberg.

REFERENCE.—Pennell, Francis Whittier. Eysenhardtia. In

Rydberg, Per Axel. No. Amer. Fl. 24: 34-40. 1919.

Eysenhardtia angustifolia PenneU (No. Amer. Fl. 24: 38. 1919), Texas

kidneywood, of Trans-Pecos Texas, was origrinally described as a muchbranched smaH tree 10 to 13 feet high but perhaps is better classed as a

shrub.

Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega) Sarg. kidneywood

Viborquia polystachya Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 66, pi. 9.

1798.

Eysenhardtia amorphoides H. B. K. ? var. orthocarpa A.

Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 37. 1853.

iEysenhardtia orthocarpa (A. Gray) S. Wats., Amer. Acad.

Arts and Sei. Proc. 17: 339. 1882.

Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega) Sarg., Silva No. Amer.

3:29. 1892.

Viborquia orthocarpa (A. Gray) Cockerell, Amer. Mus. Nat.

Hist. Bul. 24: 97. 1908.

DERIVATION.—With many spikes, referring to the numerous

flower clusters.

RANGE.—Extreme southwestern New Mexico, southeastern

Arizona, and south to southern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua

to Tamaulipas and Oaxaca).

Fagara L., see Zanthoxylum L.

Fagus L. (Family Fagaceae) beech

Wagus L., Sp. PI. 997. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name, from the Greek word

meaning to eat, in reference to the edible beechnuts.

*Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American beech

Fagus Umericana latifolia Muenchhausen, Hausvater 5: 162.

1770; illegitimate as not a binomial.

Fagm sylvatica atropunicea Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 46.

1785. Not Fagus sylvatica [var.] atro-punicea Westen,

Bot Univ. 1: 107. 1770.

•fFagii^ grandifolia Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 3: 22. 1788.

Fagus ferruginea Ait., Hort. Kew. 3: 362. 1789.

Fagus americana Sweet, Hort. Brit. 370. 1826.

fFagus ferruginea 2 carolinianu Loud., Arb. Frut. Brit. 3:

1980, fig. 1915. 1838.

Fagus ferruginea 3 latifolia Loud., Arb. Frut. Brit. 3: 1980,

fig. 1916. 1838.

Fagus atropunicea (Marsh.) Sudw., Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

20: 42. 1893.

Fagus latifolia (Muenchh.) Loud, ex Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr.

Div. Forestry Bui. 14: 148. 1897.
184 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Fagus grandifolia var. caroliniana (Loud.) Fern. & Rehd. in

Rehd., Rhodora 9: 114. 1907.

DERIVATION.—Large-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fbeech.

RANGE.—Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, to Maine, southern

Quebec, southern Ontario, northern Michigan, and eastern Wisconsin, south to southern Illinois, southeastern Missouri, northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and eastern Texas,

and east to northern Florida.

Ficus L. (Family Moraceae) fig

fFicus L., Sp. PI. 1059. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 482. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name of fig.

Ficus áurea Nutt. Florida strangler fig

iFiciis aurea Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 2: 4, pi. 43. 1846.

DERIVATION.—Golden, from the orange-yellow fruits, originally described as orange-yellow when ripe but actually red.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—tgolden ñg, strangler fig, wild fig.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

Bahama Islands.

Ficus brevifolia Nutt., see F. laevigata Vahl

FiCUS CARICA L. tCOMMON FIG

fFicus carica L., Sp. PI. 1059. 1753.

DERIVATION.—From Caria in Asia Minor.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and growing naturally

chiefly in Coastal Plain from Virginia to Florida and Texas,

north to Arkansas and Tennessee, according to Small (Man.

Southeast. Fl. 439. 1933). Perhaps naturalized only locally.

Native of Asia.

A shrub or small tree to 16 feet tall.

Ficus elástica Nois., India-rubber fig (India rubber-plant), from tropical

Asia, is planted in southern Florida (also northward as a house plant) and

has been recorded from pinelands and roadsides there by Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 439. 1933). However, it perhaps should not be included as a

naturalized tree.

FÍCUS laevigata Vahl shortleaf fig

Ficus laevigata YsM, Enum. PI. 2: 183. 1805.

Ficus populnea Willd., Sp. PL 4: 1141. [1806.]

fFicus brevifolia Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 2: 3, pi. 42. 1846.

Ficus populnea var. a brevifolia (Nutt.) Warb, in Urban,

Symb. Antill. 3: 473. 1903.

Ficus laevigata var. brevifolia (Nutt.) Warb, ex Rossberg,

Berlin Bot. Gart. Mus. Notizblatt 12: 583. 1935.

DERIVATION.—Smooth, referring to the hairless evergreen

leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fwild fig.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies from Bahamas to Cuba, Jamaica, and Barbados.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 185

Fieus brevifolia Nutt., by which the Florida representatives have been

known in the United States, has been united with F. laevigata Vahl, of the

West Indies, by Britton and Wilson (Sei. Surv. Porto Rico 5: 237-238.

1924) and others.

Ficus popuhiea Willd., see F* laevigata Vahl

FiRMiANA Marsili (Family Steruliaceae) FIRMIANA

Firmiana Marsili, Accad. Padova Saggi Sei. Lett. 1: 115,

illiis. 1786.

DERIVATION.—Named for Conte di Firmian, of Italy.

This genus was included in the older genus iSterculia L. (Sp. PI. 1007.

1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 438. 1754) in the 1927 Check List but now is generally regarded as distinct.

FIRMIANA PLATANIFOLIA (L. f.) Schott & Endl.

fCHINESE PARASOLTREB

fHibiseus simplex L., Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 2: 977. 1763.

fStercuUa platanifolia L. f., Sup. PI. Syst. Veget. 423. 1781.

Firmiana platanifolia (L. f.) Schott & Endl., Melet. Bot

33: 1832.

?Firmiana simplex (L.) W. F. Wight, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur.

PL Indus. Bui. 142: 67. 1909.

DERIVATION.—With leaves like Platanus L., sycamore, the leaves

being palmately 3- or 5-lobed.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—bottletree, Phoenix-tree, Japanese

varnish-tree.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized in Coastal

Plain from South Carolina to Florida and Texas, according to

Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 864. 1933) and Coker and Totten

(Trees Southeast U. S. 322. 1934). Native of China and Japan.

REFERENCE.—Ridley, H. N. Kew Roy. Bot Gard. Bul. Misc.

Inform. 1934: 215. 1934.

Forestiera Poir. (Family Oleaceae) forestiera

Adelia P. Br., Civ. Nat Hist Jamaica 361, pi. 36, fig. 3. 1756.

Not Adelia L., Syst Nat Ed. 10, 2: 1298. 1759; nomen

conseri)on dztn'^

Borya Willd., Sp. PI. Ed. 4, 4: 711. 1805. Not Borya Labill.,

Nov. Holl. PI. 1: 81, pi. 107. 1804.

-^Forestiera Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot Sup. 1: 132.

1810; 2: 664. 1812.

Piptolepis Benth., PI. Hartweg. 29. 1840 ; nom. rejic.

DERIVATION,—Dedicated to Charles Le Forestier (died about

1820), French physician and naturalist at Saint-Quentin and first

botany teacher of Poiret.

Forestiera aciiminata (Michx.) Poir. fswamp-privet

Adelia acuminata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 225, pi. 48. 1803.

•\Forestiera acuminata (Michx.) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth.

Bot Sup. 2: 664. 1812.
186 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

•\Forestiera acuminata var. vestita Palmer, Arnold Arbore»

turn Jour. 4: 29. 1923.

DERIVATION.—Acuminate, or with tapering point, referring to

the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Texas forestiera (SPN), common

adelia, Texas adelia, whitewood.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain chiefly from South Carolina to northern

Florida and west to eastern Texas, and north in Mississippi Valley

to eastern Oklahoma, extreme southeastern Kansas, Missouri,

central Illinois, and southwestern Indiana.

Forestiera phillyreoides (Benth.) Torr. desert-olive forestiera

Piptolepis phillyreoides Benth., PI. Hartw. 29. 1840.

Forestiera phillyreoides (Benth.) Torr., U. S. Mex. Bound.

Surv. Bot. 167. 1859.

Forestiera shrevei Standl., Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser.

17:205. 1937.

DERIVATION.—Resembling Phillyrea, phillyrea, a related genus

of evergreen shrubs and small trees of the Mediterranean region.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—desert-olive, wild-olive.

RANGE.—Local on desert mountains of southern and southwestern Arizona. Also in northern and central Mexico from Sonora south to Jalisco and Puebla.

A shrub 3 to 12 feet high but sometimes a smaU tree as much as 20 to

25 feet high and 8 inches in trunk diameter, according to Leslie N. Goodding,

as recorded by Little (Southwestern Trees 101. 1950).

Forestiera poridosa (Michx.) Poir., see F. segregata (Jacq.) Krug

& Urban

Forestiera pubescens Nutt., downy forestiera, is a shrubby

species which may rarely reach tree size, but additional records

would be desirable. It was mentioned as rarely a small tree by

Preston (Rocky Mt. Trees 269. 1940). Ranges from Oklahoma

and eastern Texas to New Mexico and in Arizona merges into

Forestiera neomexicana A. Gray, New Mexican forestiera, which

may be only a variety. The latter, which is recorded from southern Colorado and southern Utah to California and western Texas,

has been listed as a small tree by Abrams (Illus. Fl. Pacif. States

3:349. 1951).

Forestiera segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Urban Florida-privet

Myrica segregata Jacq., Coll. Bot. 2: 273. 1788.

Adelia porulosa Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 224. 1803.

Forestiera porulosa (Michx.) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth.

Bot. Sup. 2: 664. 1812.

Adelia segregata (Jacq.)Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 410. 1891.

Forestiera segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Urban in Urban, Bot.

Jahrb. 15:339. 1893.

DERIVATION.—Separated.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Florida forestiera.

RANGE.—Southern Florida. Also Bermuda and Cuba, Jamaica,

Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 187

A shrub or small tree, formerly regarded as only a shrub in the United

States. Becomes a tree 12 feet tall with trunk 3 inches in diameter, according to West and Arnold (Native Trees Fla. 183. 1946). More often a

small tree but sometimes a large old tree, according to Buswell (Native

Trees Palms South. Fla. Miami Univ. Bui. 16(6): 43. 1945). Recorded

as a small tree or shrub to 10 feet tall by Small (Fla. Trees 91. 1913;

Man. Southeast. Flora 1041. 1933).

Forestiera shrevei Standl., see F. phillyreoides (Benth.) Torr.

Forestiera texana Cory Texas forestiera

Forestiera texana Cory, Madroño 7: 252. 1944.

Forestiera texana var. palmeri Cory, Madroño 7: 253. 1944.

DERIVATION.—Of Texas.

EANGE.—Southern Texas.

A small tree to 13 feet tall, not distinguished until 1944.

Franklinia Bartr. (Family Theaceae) franklinia

Franklinia Bartr. ex Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 48. 1785.

DERIVATION.—In honor of "that patron of sciences, and truly

great and distinguished character, Dr. Benjamin FrankUn"

(1706-90).

This genus is placed in Gordonia Ellis by some authors.

Franklinia alatamaha Bartr. ffranklinia

fFranklinia alatamaha Bartr. ex Marsh., Arbustr. Amer.

49. 1785.

Gordonia alatamaha (Bartr.) Sarg., Gard, and Forest 2:

616. 1889 ; as "altamaha/'

DERIVATION.—From the Altamaha River (then spelled Alatamaha) of Georgia, where it was discovered.

RANGE.—Known only in cultivation. Originally occurring at

a single locality near Fort Barrington, Mclntosh County, Ga.,

where it was discovered by John and William Bartram in 1765.

It has not been found growing wild since 1790, the original colony

probably having been exterminated by transplanting to cultivation.

REFERENCES.—Harper, Francis, and Leeds, Arthur N. A

supplementary chapter on Franklinia alatamaha. Bartonia 19:

1-13 illus. 1937.

Jenkins, Charles F. The historical background of Franklin's

tree. Pa. Mag. Hist, and Biog. 57: 193-208, illus. 1933.

Wherry, Edgar T. The history of the Franklin tree, Franklinia

alatamaha. Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 18: 172-176. 1928.

Fraxinus L. (Family Oleaceae) ash

fFraxinus L., Sp. PI. 1057. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 477.

1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name of ash.

REFERENCES.—Lingelsheim, A. Oleaceae-Oleoideae-Fraxineae.

Pflanzenreich 72 Heft (IV. 243, I & II) : 1-65, illus. 1920.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Notes on Fraxinus (ash) in the United

States. Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 42: 369-380. 1952.
188 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Rehder, Alfred. The genus Fraxinus in New Mexico and

Arizona. Amer. Acad. Arts, and Sei. Proc. 53: 197-212. 1917.

Whelden, C. M. Studies in the Genus Fraxinus. I. A preliminary key to winter twigs for the sections Melioides and

Bumelioides. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 15: 118-126, illus. 1934.

*Fraxinus americana L. twhite ash

fFraxinus americoMa L., Sp. PI. 1057. 1753.

Fraxinus juglandifolia Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 548.

1788.

Fraxinus americana juglandifolia [(Lam.)] Browne, Trees

Amer. 398. 1846.

Fraxinus curtissi Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees U. S. 20. 1876;

U. S. Dept. Agr. Rpt. 1875: 168. 1876; nom provisor,

et subnud.

-^Fraxinus americana var. microcarpa A. Gray, Synopt.

Fl. No. Amer. 2(1) : 75. 1878.

iFraxinus hiltm^oreana Beadle, Bot. Gaz. 25: 358. 1898.

Fraxinus catawbiensis Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 33: 230. 1902.

Fraxinus americana var. subcoriacea Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67:

241. 1919.

-^Fraxinus americana var. crassifolia Sarg., Man. Trees No.

Amer. Ed. 2, 841. 1922.

Fraxinus am>ericana var. ascidiata A. M [eunissier], Gard.

Chron., Ser. 3, 76: 335, fig. 122. 1924.

Fraxinus americana var. biltmoreana (Beadle) J. Wright ex

Fern., Rhodora 49: 159. 1947.

DERIVATION.—American.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Biltmore ash, fBiltmore white ash,

fsmallseed white ash.

RANGE.—Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, to Maine, southern

Quebec, southern Ontario, northern Michigan, and southeastern

Minnesota, south to eastern Nebraska, eastern Texas, and east

to northern Florida.

REFERENCES.—Fernald, M. L. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 27 :

390-391, pi. 3. 1946.

Fernald, M. L., and Schubert, Bernice G. Rhodora 50: 168-

169. 1948.

Wright, Jonathan W. Genotypic variation in white ash. Jour.

Forestry 42: 489-495. 1944.

Fraxinus anómala Torr. fsingleleaf ash

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—dwarf ash, fresno.

Fraxinus anómala var. anómala singleleaf ash (typical)

^Fraxinus anómala Torr, ex S. Wats, in King, Rpt. Geol.

Expl. 40th Par. 5: 283. 1871.

Fraxinus anómala var. triphylla Jones, Calif. Acad. Sei. Proc,

Ser. 2, 5: 707. 1895.

DERIVATION.—Anomalous, referring to the simple leaves in

this genus .characterized by compound leaves.

RANGE.—^Western Colorado, southern Utah, and southern
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 189

Nevada, south to southeastern California, northern Arizona, and

extreme northwestern New Mexico.

Fraxinus anómala var. lowellii (Sarg.) Little Lowell ash

iFraxinus lowellii Sarg, in Rehd., Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sei. Proc. 53: 211. 1917. , „. , ^ ^

Fraxinus anómala var. lowellii (Sarg.) Little, Wash. Acad.

Sei. Jour. 42: 370. 1952.

RANGE.—Northern and central Arizona.

DERIVATION.—Named for Percival Lowell (1855-1916), American astronomer who collected this ash in northern Arizona.

Fraxinus attenuata Jones, see F. velutina Torr.

Fraxinus berlandieri DC, see F. berlandieriana A. DC.

Fraxinus berlandieriana A. DC. Berlandier ash

^Fraxinus berlandieriana A. DC. in DC, Prodr. 8: 278.

1844 ; as "Berlanderiana."

Fraxinus viridis var. berlandieriana Torr., U. S. Mex.

Bound. Surv. Bot. 166. 1859.

Fraxinus berlandieri DC. ex Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 918.

1903. ^ , ..

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Jean Louis Berlandier

(1805 ?-51), native of Belgium, who resided in Mexico and made

large plant collections in northeastern Mexico and Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—tMexican ash.

RANGE.—Central Texas to Trans-Pecos Texas, south to northeastern Mexico (Coahuila to Durango and Veracruz).

Fraxinus biltmoreana Beadle, see F, americana L.

Fraxinus campestris Britton, see F. pennsylvanica Marsh.

Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. Carolina ash

•^Fraxinus caroliniana Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Fraxinus No.

6. 1768.

Fraxinus platicarpa Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 256. 1803.

-fFraxinus pauciflora Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 61, pi. 100.

1849.

Fraxinus platycarpa y oblanceolata M. A. Curtis, Amer. Jour.

Sei. and Arts, Ser. 2, 7: 408. 1849.

Fraxinus pMycarpa ß pubescens M. A. Curtis, Amer. Jour.

Sei. and Arts, Ser. 2, 7: 408. 1849.

Fraxinus cubensis Griseb., Cat. PL Cub. 170. 1866.

Fraxinus platycarpa var. floridana Wenzig, Bot. Jahrb. 4:

185. 1883.

Fraxinus floridana (Wenzig) Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 14:

39, pi. 717. 1902.

Fraxinus caroliniana var. ß cubensis (Griseb.) Lingelsh.,

Bot. Jahrb. 40: 221. 1907.

Fraxinus hybrida Lingelsh., Bot Jahrb. 40: 220. 1907.
190 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Fraxinus rehderiana Lingelsh., Pflanzenreich 72 (IV. 243,

1 & 2) : 42. 1920.

-fFraxinus caroliniana var. rehderiana (Lingelsh.) Sarg.,

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 173. 1921.

Fraxinus caroliniana var. pubescens (M. A. Curtis) Fern.,

Rhodora 39: 442. 1937.

Fraxinus caroliniana var. oblanceolata (M. A, Curtis) Fern.

& Schubert, Rhodora 50: 188. 1948.

DERIVATION.—Of Carolina.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Florida ash, pop ash, swamp ash,

fwater ash.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to southern

Florida, west to eastern Texas and Arkansas. Also in Cuba.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L., and Schubert, Bernice G. Rhodora 50: 186-190. 1948.

Fraxinus catawbiensis Ashe, see F. americana L.

Fraxinus coriácea S. Wats., see F. velutina Torr.

Fraxinus cubensis Griseb., see F. caroliniana Mill,

Fraxinus curtissi Vasey, see F. americana L.

Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. fragrant ash

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fflowering ash.

Fraxinus cuspidata var. cuspidata fragrant ash (typical)

-fFraxinus cuspidata Torr., U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. Bot. 166.

1859.

Fraxinus cuspidata var. serrata Rehd., Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sei. Proc. 53: 202. 1917.

DERIVATION.—Cuspidate, referring to the sharp-pointed leaflets.

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas, southern to northwestern New

Mexico, and northern Mexico (Chihuahua and Coahuila).

Fraxinus cuspidata var. macropetala (Eastw.) Rehd.

Fraxinus macropetala Eastw., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 80:

494. 1903.

Fraxinus cuspidata var. macropetala (Eastw.) Rehd., Amer.

Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 53: 201. 1917.

DERIVATION.—^With long petals, referring to the long corolla

lobes.

RANGE.—Northern and central Arizona and southeastern

Nevada (Clark County).

Fraxinus darlingtonii Britton, see F. pennsylvanica Marsh.

Fraxinus dipetala Hook. & Am. two-petal ash

Fraxinus dipetala Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 362,

pi. 87. 1838.

DERIVATION.—Two-petaled.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—California shrub ash, foothill ash,

flowering ash, California flowering ash, fringe-flowered ash,

mountain ash.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 191

RANGE.—Central California south to northwestern Lower Cali- "foT*nÎ3. IVTßxico

REFERENCE.—^Epling, Carl, and Lewis, Harlan. Amer. Midland

Nat. 24: 743-746, figs. 1, 2. 1940.

This species, formerly regarded as a shrub, sometimes becomes a small

tree 15 to 25 feet tall and 2 to 6 inches d. b. h. . „ .

Two varieties are recognized, the typical variety, var. dipetala, in California, and the following variety in northwestern Lower California, Mexico:

Fraxinm dipetala var. trifoliolata Torr. (F. trifoîiolata (Torr.) Lewis

& Epling).

Fraxinus floridana (Wenzig) Sarg., see F. caroliniana Mill.

Fraxinus glabra Thornber, see F. velutina Torr.

Fraxinus gooddingii Little Goodding ash

Fraxinus gooddingii Little, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 42: 373.

1952.

DERIVATION.—^Named for Leslie N. Goodding, botanist of the

United States Department of Agriculture, who discovered it in

1934.

RANGE.—Known only from southern border of Arizona (Santa

Cruz County) and northeastern Sonora, Mexico.

This newly described species is a small tree to 20 feet in height and

formerly was referred to F. greggii A. Gray.

Fraxinus greggii A. Gray Gregg ash

Fraxinus schiedeana Schlecht. & Cham. var. parvifolia Torr.,

U. S- Mex. Bound. Surv. Bot. 166. 1859 ; as ''scheideana"

^Fraxinus greggii A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc.

12: 63. 1876.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Josiah Gregg (1806-

50), early American explorer-trader in the West and northern

Mexico and author of Commerce of the Prairies.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—flittleleaf ash.

RANGE.—^Trans-Pecos Texas and northern Mexico (Coahuila to

Zacatecas and Tamaulipas).

In addition to the typical variety the following variety is found in

Coahuila, northern Mexico: Fraxinus greggii var, nummularis (Jones)

Little. Some Texan plants, referred to the typical variety, are intermediate.

Fraxinus hybrida Lingelsh., see F, caroliniana Mill.

Fraxinus juglandifolia Lam., see F. americana L.

Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh., see F. pennsylvanica Marsh.

*Fraxinus latifolia Benth. fOregon ash

Fraxinus latifolia Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 33. 1844.

iFaxinus oregona Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 59, pi. 99. 1849.

DERIVATION.—Broad-leaved, referring to the leaflets.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region in western Washington, western

Oregon, and northern and central California. Also reported

from southwestern British Columbia.
192 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

REFERENCE.—^Munz, Philip A., and Laudermilk, J. D. A neglected character in western ashes (Fraxinus). El Aliso 2: 49-

62, illus. 1949.

This species, universally known as Fraxinua oregona Nutt., has an older

name, F. latifolia Bentham, which recently has been adopted by Abrama

(Illus. Fl. Pacif. States 3: 346, fig. 3778. 1951).

Fraxinus lowellii Sarg., see F. anómala var. lowellii (Sarg.) Little

Fraxinus macropetala Eastw., see F* cuspidata var. macropetala

(Eastw.) Rehd.

Fraxinus michauxii Britton, see F. profunda (Bush) Bush

*Fraxinus nigra Marsh. fblack ash

fFraxinus nigra Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 51. 1785.

Fraxinus sambucifolia Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 2: 549.

1786.

DERIVATION.—^Black.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^basket ash, brown ash, hoop ash,

swamp ash, water ash.

RANGE.—Newfoundland, Quebec, and Maine to Ontario, southeastern Manitoba, and northeastern North Dakota (Pembina

Co.), south to Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, West Virginia, Maryland,

and Delaware. Also local in northern Virginia.

Fraxinus oregona Nutt., see F. latifolia Benth.

Fraxinus papillosa Lingelsh. Chihuahua ash

Fraxinus papillosa Lingelsh., Bot. Jahrb. 40: 219. 1907.

DERIVATION.—Papillose, referring to the microscopic projections on the under surface of the leaflets.

RANGE.—Mountains of southwestern New Mexico, southeastern

Arizona, and northern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua).

A small tree to 22 feet high and 12 inches d. b. h.

Fraxinus pauciflora Nutt,, see F, carolinîana Mill.

*Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. green ash

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 51. 1785.

Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh., Theor.-Prakt. Handb. Forstbot.

1: 826. 1800.

Fraxinus jnglandifolia ß suhintegerrima Vahl, Enum. PL

1: 50. 1804.

Fraxinus viridis Michx. f.. Hist. Arb. Forest Amer. Sept.

3: 115, pi. 10. 1813. Not Bosc (1809).

^Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg.,

Silva No. Amer. 6: 50. 1894.

Fraxinus darlingtonii Britton, Man. Fl. North. States Canada

725. 1901.

Fraxinus campestris Britton in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer.

Trees 799, fig. 726. 1908.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 193

Fmxinus smallii Britten in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer.

Trees 805, fig. 735. 1908.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. austini Fern., Rhodora 40: 452,

pL 529, figs. 1, 2. 1938.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica campestris (Britton) F. C. Gates,

Kans. Acad. Sei. Trans. 41: 102. 1938; Kans. Acad. Sei.

Trans. 42: 137. 1939 [1940].

Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern.,

Rhodora 49: 159. 1947.

DERIVATION.—Of Pennsylvania.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Darlington ash, fred ash, white ash,

swamp ash, water ash.

RANGE.—Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, to southern Quebec,

Maine, southern Ontario, central Manitoba, central Saskatchewan,

and southeastern Alberta, southward through central Montana,

northeastern Wyoming, northeastern Colorado, and Kansas to

central Texas, and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia.

REFERENCES.—^Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 40: 450-454, illus.

1938.

Wright, Jonathan W. Ecotypic differentiation in red ash.

Jour. Forestry 42: 591-597. 1944.

Fraxinus pistaciaefolia Torr., see F. velutina Torr.

Fraxinus platicarpa Michx., see F. caroliniana Mill.

*Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush fpumpkin ash

Fraxinus americana profunda Bush, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann.

Rpt. 5: 147. 1894.

iFraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush, Gard, and Forest 10:

515. 1897.

Fraxinus michauxii Britton, Man. FI. North. States Canada.

Ed. 2, 1075. 1905.

Fraxinus profunda var. ashei E. J. Palmer, Arnold Arbo-

' retum Jour. 13: 417. 1932.

DERIVATION.—Deep, referring to the swamps where it grows.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—red ash.

RANGE.—Swamps and river bottoms, chiefly in Coastal Plain

from southern New York, Maryland, and Virginia to northwestern Florida, west to Louisiana, and north in Mississippi

Valley to southern Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio.

M. L. Fernald (Rhodora 40: 450-452, iUus. 1938) adopted for this

species the name Fraxinus tomentosa Michx. f. ( Hist. Arbr. Forest. Amér.

Sept. 3: 112, pi. 9. 1813). However, that name must be rejected as nomenclaturally superfluous when published.

*Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. fblue ash

-fFraxinus quadrangulata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 255.

1803.

DERIVATION.—Four-angled, referring to the twigs.

RANGE.—Extreme southern Ontario, southern Michigan, south-
194 AGRIGÜLtURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

ern Wisconsin, and southeastern Iowa, south to eastern Kansas,

northeastern Oklahoma, Arkansas, Alabama, and West Virginia.

Fraxinus rehderiana Lingelsh,, see F. caroliniana Mill.

Fraxinus smallii Britton, see F. pennsylvanica Marsh.

Fraxinus standleyi Rehd., see F. velutina Torr.

Fraxinus texana Sarg., see F. texensis (A. Gray) Sarg.

Fraxinus texensis (A. Gray) Sarg. fTexas ash

Fraxinus americana var. texensis A. Gray, Synopt. Fl. No.

Amer. 2(1): 75. 1878.

iFraxinus texensis (A. Gray) Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 6:

47, pi. 270. 1894.

Fraxinus texana Sarg, ex Britton & Shafer, No. Amer. Trees

807, fig. 738. 1908.

DERIVATION.—Of Texas.

OTHEK COMMON NAME.—Mountain ash.

RANGE.—Oklahoma (Arbuckle Mountains and Cherokee

County) and central Texas including Edwards Plateau.

Fraxinus tomentosa Michx. f., see note under F. profunda (Bush)

Bush

Fraxinus toumeyi Britton, see F. velutina Torr.

Fraxinus trifoliolata (Torr.) Lewis & Epling, see F. dipetala

Hook. & Am.

Fraxinus velutina Torr. fvelvet ash

Fraxinus velutina Torr, in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconn. Ft.

Leav. Calif. 149. 1848.

Fraxinus pistaciaefolia Torr., U. S. Rpts. Explor. Surv. Miss.

Pacif. 4(5): 128. 1857.

Fraxinus coriácea S. Wats., Amer. Nat. 7: 302. 1873.

^Fraxinus pistaciaefolia var. coriácea (Torr.) A. *Gray,

Synopt. Fl. No. Amer. 2(1) : 74. 1878.

Fraxinus oregona var. ß glabra Lingelsh., Bot. Jahrb. 40:

220. 1907; nomen nudum. Lingelsh., Pflanzenreich 72

Heft (IV. 243, I & II) : 43. 1920.

Fraxinus attenuata Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 12: 59. 1908

(March 26).

Fraxinus toumeyi Britton in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer.

Trees 803, fig. 732. 1908 (April).

-^Fraxinus oregona var. glabra Lingelsh. ex Rehd., Amer.

Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 53: 207. 1917.

Fraxinus glabra Thornber ex Rehd., Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sei. Proc. 53: 207. 1917 ; as synonym. Thornber ex Gray

Herbarium Card-Index Issue 77. Thornber ex Tidestrom

& Kittell, Fl. Ariz. N. Mex. 516. 1941.

^Fraxinus standleyi Rehd., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc.

53: 208. 1917.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 195

-fFraxinus standleyi var. lasia Rehd., Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sei, Proc, 53: 210. 1917.

Fraxinus velutina var. coriácea (S. Wats.) Rehd., Amer.

Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 53: 206. 1917.

fFraxinus velutina var. glabra Rehd., Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sei. Proc. 53: 207. 1917.

fFraxinus velutina var. toumeyi (Britten) Rehd., Amer.

Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 53: 204. 1917.

DERIVATION.—^Velvety, referring to the hairy leaflets and twigs.

OTHER COMMON NAMES,—Arizona ash, fdesert ash, leatherleaf

ash, fsmooth ash, fsmooth Oregon ash, Toumey ash, fresno.

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas, southern New Mexico, Arizona,

southwestern Utah, southern Nevada, and southern California.

Also in northern Mexico (Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua) .

REFERENCE.—Munz, Philip A., and Laudermilk, J. D. A neglected character in western ashes (Fraxinus). El Aliso 2: 49-

62, illus. 1949.

Fraxinus viridis Michx. f., see F. pennsylvanica Marsh,

Fremontia Torr. (Family Sterculiaceae) fremontia

Fremontixjb Torr., Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sei. Proc. 4:191. 1851 ;

nomen suhnudum.

^Fremontia Torr., Smithsn. Inst. Contrib. Knowl. 5(1)

[6(2)3 (PI. Fremont): 5, pi. 2. 1853. Nomen conserv.

propos., Little, Madroño 7: 247-248. 1944; Brittonia

7: 47. 1949. Not Fremontia Torr, in Frém., Rpt. Explor.

Mo. Rocky Mts. 91. 1843.

Fremontodendron Cov., U. S. Dept. Agr. Contrib. U. S. Nati.

Herbarium 4: 74. 1893.

DERIVATION.-—Dedicated to Gen. John Charles Fremont (1813-

90), politician, soldier, and noted explorer of western United

States, who collected plant specimens on his expeditions.

REFERENCE.—Harvey, Margaret. A revision of the genus

Fremontia. Madroño 7: 100-110, illus. 1943.

Fremontia Torr., used for this genus by most authors, has been technically

invalid since 1930 as a later homonym. The name is retained here, as a

proposal that it be made a nomen conservandum is pending.

Fremontia californica Torr. California fremontia

iFremontia californica Torr., Smithsn. Inst. Contrib. Knowl.

5(1) [6(2)] (PL Fremont.) : 6, pi. 2. 1853.

Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Cov., U. S. Dept.

Agr. Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 4: 74. 1893.

ICheirostemon californicum Martinez, PI. Utiles Repúbl.

Mexicana 45. 1928 ; nomen nudum. Also Gray Herbarium

Card-Index, Issue 122. /

Fremontixi crassifolia Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 139. 1934.

Fremontia californica var. diegensis Harvey, Madroño 7:

108, fig. 1 l-m. 1943.
196 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Fremontia californica var. integra Harvey, Madroño 7: 108,

fig. 1 j-k. 1943.

Fremontia californica var. viridis Harvey, Madroño 7: 108,

fig. 1 h-i. 1943.

Fremontia californica subsp. crassifolia (Eastw.) Abrams,

lUus. Fl. Pacif. States 3: 114. 1952.

DERIVATION.—Of California.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^flannelbush, fmountain leatherwood,

California slippery-elm.

RANGE.—^Mountains of central Arizona and northern to southern California,

Fremontia mexicana (Davidson) Macbr. Mexican fremontia

Fremontodendron mexicanum Davidson, South. Calif. Acad.

Sei. Bui. 16: 50. 1917.

Fremontia mexicana (Davidson) Macbr., Gray Herbarium,

Harvard Univ., Contrib., New Ser., 53: 14. 1918.

Fremontia californica var. mexicana (Davidson) Jeps., Man.

Fl. PI. Calif. 637. 1925.

DERIVATION.—Of Mexico, where it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—San Diego fremontia (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern California (San Diego County) and northern Lower California, Mexico. Very rare and local in the United

States and possibly only a shrub where found wild, though becoming a small tree in cultivation and in Mexico.

REFERENCES,—Payne, Theodore. History of the introduction

of three California natives. El Aliso 2: 109-114. 1950.

Wiggins, Ira L. The range of Fremontia mexicana (Davids.)

Macbr., in southern and Lower California. Gard. Chron., Ser. 3,

97: 13. 1935.

Fremontodendron Cov., see Fremontia Torr.

Garrya Dougl. (Family Comaceae) silktassel

fGarrya Dougl. ex Lindl., Edwards' Bot. Reg. 20 : No. 1686,

pi. 1686. 1834.

DERIVATION.—Named in compliment to Nicholas Garry, secretary of the Hudson Bay Company, for assistance to David Douglas

during his travels in northwestern America.

This genus is placed in the separate family Garryaceae by some authors.

Garrya elliptica Dougl. wavyleaf silktassel

fGarrya elliptica Dougl. ex Lindl., Edwards' Bot. Reg. 20:

No. 1686, pi. 1686. 1834.

DERIVATION.—Elliptical, describing the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^tree silktassel (SPN), quinine-bush,

coast silktassel, ftasseltree.

RANGE.—Coast Ranges from western Oregon south to central

California.

Garrya wrightii Torr., Wright silktassel, a shrub usually less than 10

feet high, may rarely become a small tree in Arizona. More information is

desired. It ranges from Trans-Pecos Texas to southern New Mexico,

central Arizona, and northern Mexico.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 197

Genipa L. (Family Rubiaceae) genip

-fGenipa L., Gen. Fl Ed. 5, S7. 1754.

Casasia A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba 11: 9.

1850.

DERIVATION.—The Brazilian name.

Genipa clusiaefolia (Jacq.) Griseb. fseven-year-apple

Gardenia clitsiaefolia Jacq., Coll. Bot. Chem. Hist. Nat. Sup.

37, pi. 4, fig. 3. 1796.

fGenipa clusiaefolia (Jacq.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. West Ind. 317.

1861; as ''chisiifolia."

Casaría clusiaefolia (Jacq.) Urban, Symbol. Antill. 5: 505.

1908 ; as *'clusiifolia."

DERIVATION.—^With leaves like Clusia, a genus of tropical trees

with thick, leathery leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—seven-year-apple genip (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

Bermuda, Bahamas, and Cuba.

Known also as CcLsasia clusiaefolia (Jacq.) Urban, but Casasia A. Rich,

is a segregate of doubtful generic rank.

Gleditsia L. (Family Leguminosae) honeylocust

iGleditsiu L., Sp. PI. 1056. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 476.

1754.

Gleditschie L. corr. Scop., Introd. Hist. Nat. 295. 1777.

Nom. conserv. propos., Janchen, Repert. Spec. Novarum

Regni Veg. 52: 154. 1943.

Asacara Raf., Neogenyton 2. 1825.

DERIVATION.—^Latinized name honoring Johann Gottlieb

Gleditsch (1714-86), director of the botanical garden at Berlin.

REFERENCE.—^Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Rose, Joseph Nelson.

Gleditsia. Asacara. No. Amer. Fl. 23: 302-303. 1930.

Gleditsia aquatica Marsh. fwaterlocust

fGleditsia aquatica Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 54. 1785.

Asacara aquatica (Marsh.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 121. 1838.

DERIVATION.—^Aquatic, from the habitat of river swamps.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from eastern North Carolina to central

Florida and eastern Texas, and north in Mississippi Valley to

southeastern Missouri, southwestern Kentucky, southern Illinois,

and southwestern Indiana.

HYBRID.—Gleditsia Xtexana Sarg. (G. aquatica X triacanthos).

Gleditsia Xtexana Sarg. fTexas honeylocust

Gleditsia aquatica X triacanthos

^Gleditsia texana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 1. 1901.

DERIVATION.—Of Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^Texas locust.

RANGE.^—Mississippi to eastern Texas, north in Mississippi

Valley to Arkansas and southwestern Indiana.

Shown by Sargent (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 8: 206-207. 1922) to be a

hybrid rather than a species.
198 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

*GIeditsia triacanthos L. fhoneylocust

IfGleditsia triacanthos L., Sp. PI. 1056. 1753.

Gleditsia inermis L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 1313. 1759.

Gleditsia triacanthos y inermis (L.) Castiglioni, Viagg. Stat.

Unit. 2: 249. 1790; as ''Gleditschia."

DERIVATION.—Three-thorned, referring to the large branched

spines.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—common honeylocust (SPN).

RANGE.—Western Pennsylvania to extreme southern Michigan,

extreme southeastern Minnesota, and southeastern South Dakota,

south to central Nebraska, western Oklahoma, and northwestern

and eastern Texas, east to Alabama and northwestern

Florida, and north to eastern Tennessee, West Virginia, and

western Pennsylvania. Widely planted, escaped from cultivation,

and naturalized east of Appalachian Mountains from South Carolina to New York and New England and also west of natural

range. Also in extreme southern Ontario, where it may have

been introduced. The thornless form, Gleditsia triacanthos f.

inermis (L.) Zabel, is occasionally found wild and is preferred in

planting.

HYBRID.—Gleditsia XtexanaSarg. ((?. aqimtica X triacanthos).

Glycosmis parvifiora (Sims) Little (Phjrtologia 2: 463. 1948;

G. citrifolia Lindl.; family Rutaceae), Chinese glycosmis, is

cultivated and naturalized at Key West, Fla., according to Small

(Man. Southeast. Fl. 759. 1933) and Everett (Addisonia 21:

29. 1940). However, this species is too local for acceptance as

a naturalized tree. It is a shrub or small tree native of southern

China, French Indo-China, and Thailand.

Gordonia Ellis (Family Theaceae) gordonia

Lasianthus Adans., Fam. PL 2: 398. 1763; nomen rejiciendum.

-fGordonia Ellis, Roy. Soc. London Phil. Trans. 70: 520, pi.

11. 1771 ; nomen conservandum.

DERIVATION.—In honor of James Gordon (1728-91), English

nurseryman.

Gordonia Ellis, see also Franklinia Bartr.

Gordonia lasianthus (L.) Ellis floblolly-bay

Hypericum lasianthus L., Sp. PI. 783. 1753.

-^Gordonia lasianthus (L.) Ellis, Roy. Soc. London Phil.

Trans. 70: 523, pi. 11. 1771.

DERIVATION.—Lasianthus, an older name for the genus, meaning hairy-flowered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—loblollybay gordonia (SPN).

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from eastern North Carolina to central

Florida and southern Mississippi. Reported from southeastern

Virginia but not included by Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8,

1007. 1950).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 199

6oss3npium L. (Family Malvaceae) cotton

iGossypium L., Sp. PL 693. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 309. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From the classical Latin name, perhaps of Arabic

origin.

REFERENCE.—Watt, George. Gossypium. Kew Roy. Bot. Gard.

Bul. Misc. Inform. 1926: 193-210. 1926; 1927: 321-356. 1927.

Gossypium hirsutum L. upland cotton

Gossypium hirsutum L., Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 2: 975. 1763.

DERIVATION.—Hairy.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^wild cotton.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Native of

New World and widely distributed and naturalized in tropical

countries of the world through cultivation.

A shrub or small tree. In the 1927 Check List the name fGossypium

punetatum Schum. & Thonn. was used for this species.

Gossypium thurberi Todaro (Thurberia thespesioides A. Gray),

Thurber cotton, or desert cotton, is a shrub commonly less than

6 feet high but may reach tree size, 18 to 20 feet in height, according to Preston (Rocky Mt. Trees 241. 1940). Its distribution

is desert mountains of southeastern and central Arizona and

northern Mexico.

GREVILLEA R. Br. (Family Proteaceae) GREVILLEA

-fGrevillea R. Br., Linn. Soc. London Trans. 10: 167. 1810.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to Charles Francis Greville of England,

a vice president of the Royal Society and patron of botany.

GREVILLEA ROBUSTA A. Cunn. SILK-OAK

^Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. in R. Br., Sup. Prodr. FL Nov.

HoU. 24. 1830.

DERIVATION.—Robust, or stout.

OTHER COMMON NAMES,—silk-oak grevillea (SPN), fsilky-oak.

RANGE.—^Naturalized in southern Florida. Native in Australia

but widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions.

Guaiacum L. (Family Zygophyllaceae) lignumvitae

Guaiacum L., Sp. PI. 381. 1753; as ''Guajacum'' L., Gen.

PL Ed. 5, 179. 1754; as ''Guaiacum." (In the 1927 Check

List as "Guajacum,'*)

DERIVATION.—^From the Carib Indian name.

Guaiacum sanctum L. holywood lignumvitae

Guaiacum sanctum h., Sp. PI. 382. 1753; as "Guajacum."

DERIVATION.—Holy.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^roughbark lignumvitae.

RANGE.—Florida Keys. Also in Bahama Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico, and Yucatán and perhaps other States in

southern Mexico.
200 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Guettarda L. (Family Rubiaceae) velvetseed

iGuettardah., Sp. PI. 991. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 428. 1754.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Jean Etienne Guettard (1715-86),

French botanist, mineralogist, and physician.

Guettarda elliptica Sw. Everglades velvetseed

-fGuettarda elliptica Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. Prodr. 59. 1788.

DERIVATION.—Elliptical, referring to the shape of the leaves.

OTHER -COMMON NAME.—fvelvetseed.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies, southern Mexico (Yucatán, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and

Socorro Island), and Venezuela.

Guettarda scabra (L.) Vent. froughleaf velvetseed

Matthiokb scabra L., Sp. PI. 1192. 1753.

-fGuettarda scabra (L.) Vent, Choix PI. Jard. Gels 1, pl. 1.

1803.

DERIVATION.—Rough, the leaves being very rough above.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies.

Gyminda (Griseb.) Sarg. (Family Celastraceae) falsebox

Myginda Sect. Gyminda Griseb., Cat. PI. Cub. 55. 1866.

iGyminda (Griseb.) Sarg., Gard, and Forest 4: 4. 1891.

DERIVATION.—^Anagram of Myginda Jacq., the related genus

from which it was segregated.

Gyminda latifolia (Sw.) Urban West Indies falsebox

Myginda latifolia Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. Prodr. 39. 1788.

Myginda integrifolia f. glaucifolia Griseb., Cat. PI. Cub. 55.

1866; nomen nudum.

Gyminda grisebachii Sarg., Gard, and Forest 4: 4. 1891.

Gyminda grisebachii var. glaucescens Sarg., Gard, and Forest

4: 4. 1891.

Rhacoma latifolia (Sw.) Loes, in Engler & Prantl, Naturl.

Pflanzenfam. 3(5) : 217. 1892.

fGyminda latifolia (Sw.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 80. 1904.

Gyminda latifolia glaucifolia Small, Fla. Trees 64. 1913.

Gyminda latifolia var. glaucescens Small ex Sarg«, Man. Trees

No. Amer. Ed. 2, 679. 1922.

DERIVATION.—Broad-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—ffalse-boxwood.

RANGE.—Florida Keys. Also in West Indies and northeastern

Mexico (Tamaulipas and Veracruz).

Gymnanthes Sw. (Family Euphorbiaceae) oysterwood

îAteramnus P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 839. 1756.

^Gymnanthes Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. Prodr. 6, 96. 1788. Nom

conserv. propos., Janchen, 1944.

DERIVATION.—Naked flower, the flowers with perianth reduced

to bractlike scales or absent.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 201

Gymnanthes lucida Sw. oysterwood

•fGymnanthes lucida Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. Prodr. 96. 1788.

DERIVATION.—Bright, or shining, referring to the shiny dark

green evergreen leaves. ,«T^XTX J. U J

OTHER tCOMMON NAMES.—shiny oysterwood (SPN), tcrabwooci.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also m

West Indies and Yucatán, Mexico.

Gymnocladus Lam. (Family Leguminosae) coffeetree

^Gymnocladus Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 733. 1785.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, naked branch, presumably referring to the stout naked branches with few twigs and sparse foliage.

Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky coffeetree

Guilandinadioicalj,,Sv*'P\.SSl. 1753. , , ^ ^ ^^/.^

^Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 1: 5. 1869.

DERIVATION.—^Dioecious, the staminate and pistillate flowers

generally on different trees. The common name refers to a former

use of the seeds as a substitute for coffee.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fcoffeetree. .

RANGE.—Central New York and extreme southern Ontario to

southern Michigan, southeastern Minnesota, and southeastern

South Dakota, south to central Nebraska and western Oklahoma,

and east to Arkansas, Tennessee, and Kentucky. Also naturalized

east to Virginia and Delaware.

Halesia Ellis (Family Styracaceae) silverbell

fHalesia Ellis ex L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1044, 1369. 1759.

Norn, conserv. propos,, Little, Madroño 7: 250-251. 1944 ;

Brittonia 7: 50. 1949. Not Halesia P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist.

Jamaica 205, pi. 20, fig. 1. 1756. Not Halesia Loefl., Iter

Hisp. 188. 1758 ; as synonym.

milia Boehm. in Ludw., Def. Gen. PI. 71. 1760. Not Hillm

Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 3. 1760. ÎHalia St. Lag., Soc. Bot. de Lyon Ann. 8: 175. 1881 ; nomen

Mohria Britton, Gard, and Forest 6: 434. 1893 (Oct 18).

Not Mohria Sw., Synops. Fil. 159. 1806.

Carlomohria Greene, Erythea 1: 236. 1893 (Nov. 3) ; 1 :

246. 1893 (Dec. 1).

Mohrodendron Britton, Gard, and Forest 6: 403. 1893 (Nov.

8).

DERIVATION.—In honor of Stephen Hales (1677-1761), English

clergjTnan and author of Vegetable Staticks.

*Halesia Carolina L. CaroUna silverbell

Halesia Carolina var. Carolina Carolina silverbell (typical)

fHalesia Carolina L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1044. 1759.

Halesia tetraptera Ellis, [Roy. Soc. London] Phil. Trans.

51: 932, pi. 22A. 1761.
202 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Mohrodendron carolinum (L.) Britton, Gard, and Forest

6: 463. 1893 (Nov. 8).

Halesia tetrwptera ß mollis Lange, Bot. Tidssk. 19: 258, fig. 2

a-g. 1895.

fHalesia Carolina var. mollis (Lange) Perkins, Pflanzenreich

30 (IV. 241) : 97. 1907.

DERIVATION.—Of Carolina. . OTHER COMMON NAMES.—opossum-wood, fsilverbell, snowdrop-tree.

RANGE.—^Virginia and southern West Virginia to southern

Ohio, southeastern and western Kentucky, and southern Illinois,

south to western Tennessee, Alabama, northwestern Florida, and

Georgia, and northeast to North Carolina.

^Halesia Carolina var. meehanii (Sarg.) Perkins, Meehan silverbell, a

variety which originated in cultivation, is omitted here.

Halesia Carolina var. montícola Rehd. tïnountaîn silverbell

Halesia Carolina var. montícola Rehd., Deut. Dendrol. Gesell.

Mitt. 22: 260. 1913 [1914],

^Halesia montícola (Rehd.) Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Jour.

2: 171. 1921.

^Halesia montícola var. vestíta Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 2: 171. 1921.

DERIVATION.—Native of mountains.

RANGE.—Mountains of North Carolina to Tennessee and Georgia, and in Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma.

Halesia diptera Ellis ftwo-wing silverbeD

-fHalesia diptera Ellis, [Roy. Soc. London] Phil. Trans. 51:

932, pi. 22 B. 1761.

Mohrodendron diptemm (Ellis) Britton, Gard, and Forest

6: 463. 1893 (Nov. 8).

DERIVATION.—Two-winged, describing the fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—snowdrop-tree.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from Georgia to northwestern Florida

and eastern Texas, north to southeastern Oklahoma and central

Arkansas. Also reported from South Carolina.

Halesia parviflora Michx. flîttle silverbell

-fHalesia parviflora Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 40. 1803.

Mohrodendron parviflorum (Michx.) Britton, Gard, and Forest 6: 463. 1893 (Nov. 8).

DERIVATION.—Small-flowered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Florida silverbell (SPN).

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern Georgia to northern

Florida, Alabama, and eastern Mississippi.

Hamamelis L. (Family Hamamelidaceae) witch-hazel

fHamamelis L., Sp. PI. 124. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 59«

175,4.

DERIVATION.—Classical Greek name of Mespihis germánica L.,
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 208

medlar, or perhaps Sorhus domestica L., servicetree ; from words

meaning together (in a time sense) and apple, suggesting that

the tree blooms contemporaneously with the apple and inappropriate for these largely winter-blooming species.

Hamamelis virginiana L. fwitch-hazel

-fHamamelis virginiana L., Sp. PI. 124. 1753,

\Hamamelis macrophylla Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1:116. 1814.

Hamamelis virginiana y parvifolia Nutt,, Gen. No. Amer.

PI. 1: 107. 1818.

DERIVATION.—Of Virginia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—common witch-hazel (SPN), southern

witch-hazel.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia to southern Quebec, Maine, southern Ontario, central Michigan, extreme southeastern Minnesota, south

to southern Missouri, southeastern Oklahoma, and eastern Texas,

and east to central Florida. Also in northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas).

Hamamelis macrophylla Pursh, which was revived by Sargent

(Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1: 246. 1920), was reduced to

synonymy by Coker and Totten (Trees Southeast. States 187.

1934), by Cory and Parks (Cat. Fl. Tex. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta.

Bui. 550: 52. 1938), and by Brown (La. Trees Shrubs 123.

1945.) A second species, Hamamelis vernalis Sarg., vernal witchhazel, is a shrub of the Ozark region of southern Missouri,

Arkansas, and eastern Oklahoma.

Hamelia Jacq. (Family Rubiaceae) hamelia

fHamelia Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 2. 1760.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Henry Louis Duhamel du Monceau

(1700-82), French botanist.

Hamelia patens Jacq. scarletbush

^Hamelia patens Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760; Select.

Stirp. Amer. 72, pi. 50. 1763. Also L., Sp. PI. Ed. 2,

246. 1762; as ''Hamellia."

Hamelia erecta Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760; Select.

Stirp. Amer. 71. 1763.

DERIVATION.—Open or spreading, referring to the flower clusters.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—scarlet hamelia (SPN), firebush.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies and from Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Oaxaca,

and Yucatan southward), south to Central America and South

America.

Commonly a shrub but recorded also as a small tree.

Harrisia Britton, see note under Cereus Mill.

Havardia Small, see Pithecellobium Mart.
204 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT, OF AGRICULTURE

Helietta Tulasne (Family Rutaceae) helietta

fHelietta Tulasne, Ann. des Sei. Nat., Bot., Ser. 3, 7: 280.

1847.

DERiVATiON.~In honor of Lewis Théodore Hélie (1804~67),

French physician.

Helietta parvifolia (A. Gray) Benth. fbaretta

Ptelea parvifolia A. Gray ex HemsL, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Bot.

1: 170. 1879 ; excluding fruit.

fHelietta parvifolia (A. Gray) Benth. in Hook., Icon. PI.,

Ser. 3, 4: 66, pi. 1385. 1882.

DERIVATION.—Small-leaved.

RANGE.—Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas

to Coahuila and Querétaro).

This species of thicket-forming shrubs in Starr County, Texas, on the

Mexican border perhaps should not be included as a native tree. However,

it becomes a tree 20 to 25 feet tall southward in northeastern Mexico and

possibly for that reason was accepted as a tree by Sargent (Silva No. Amer.

1: 79-82, pi. 35. 1891 ; Man. Trees No. Amer. Ed. 2, corr. 637-639, fig. 581.

1926) and by Sudworth in his Check Lists.

Heteromeles Roem., see Photinia Lindl.

Hibiscus L. (Family Malvaceae) hibiscus

fHibiscus L., Sp. PI. 693. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 310. 1754.

Pariti Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 401. 1763.

DERIVATION.—Ancient Greek and Latin name of the marshmallow.

The native species of Hibiscus are herbs, called rosemallows, but three

naturalized species known as hibiscus are trees.

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Chinese hibiscus (Chinese-rose), a

shrub or small tree grown for ornament in Florida, has escaped

from cultivation in fields, waste places, and roadsides there, according to Small (Fla. Trees 70. 1913; Man. Southeast. FL 857.

1933). However, it perhaps is not yet established as a naturalized

tree. Native of China but widely cultivated in tropical regions.

HIBISCUS SYRIACUS L. SHRUB-ALTHEA

Hibiscus syriacus L., Sp. PI. 695. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Of Syria.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^rose-of-Sharon.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation in eastern United States

from Connecticut, New York, and Pennsylvania to Ohio and

Missouri, south to eastern Texas and Florida. Perhaps naturalized

in the southern part of the range. Native of China and India.

A shrub or smaU tree, according to Small (Pia. Trees 70. 1913; Man.

Southeast. Fl. 857. 1933).

HIBISCUS TILIACEUS L. SEA HIBISCUS

fHibiscus tiliaceus L., Sp. PI. 694. 1753.

Paritium tiliaceum (L.) St.-Hil., Juss., & Camb., Fl. Brasil.

Merid. 1: 256. 1827.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 205

fPariti grande Britton ex Small, Man. Southeast. FL 859.

1933.

DERIVATION.—Like Tilia L., basswood, perhaps because of

the large, similar shaped leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—linden hibiscus (SPN), mahoe.

RANGE.—Naturalized in southern Florida, including Florida

Keys. Widely distributed in tropical regions including West

Indies, Mexico, Central America, and South America and in

Old World. Probably of Old World origin.

Hicoria Ral, see Carya Nutt

Hicoria alba (L.) Britton, see Carya tomentosa Nutt.

Hicoria ashei Sudw., see Carya glabra var. megacarpa (Sarg.)

Sarg.

Hicoria austrina Small, see Carya glabra var. megacarpa (Sarg.)

Sarg.

Hicoria borealis Ashe, see Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch

Hicoria buckleyi (Durand) Ashe, see Carya texana Buckl.

Hicoria fernowiana Sudw., see Carya myristicaeformis (Michx.

f.) Nutt.

Hicoria magnifloridana Murrill, see Carya glabra var. megacarpa

(Sarg.) Sarg.

Hicoria microcarpa (Nutt.) Britton, see Carya glabra (Mill.)

Sweet

Hicoria minima (Marsh.) Britton, see Carya cordiformis

(Wangenh.) K. Koch

Hicoria mollissima Ashe, see Carya leiodermis Sarg.

Hicoria ovalis (Wangenh.) Ashe, see Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet

Hicoria pecan (Marsh.) Britton, see Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.)

K. Koch

Hicoria similis Ashe, see Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet

Hicoria texana Le Conte, see Carya Xlecontei Little

Hicoria villosa (Sarg.) Ashe, see Carya texana Buckl.

Hippomane L. (Family Euphorbiaceae) manchineel

fHippomane L., Sp. PL 1191. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 499.

1754.

DERIVATION.—A classical name (hippomanes in the original)

for an Arcadian plant, apparently of this same family, supposed

to make horses mad.
206 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Hippomane mancinella L. tnianchíneel

-fHippomane mancinella L., Sp. PI. 1191. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Latinized from Spanish manzanilla, little apple,

referring to the applelike fruits.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, Cape Sable region and Florida Keys.

Also in West Indies, southern Mexico (Veracruz, Yucatan, and

Oaxaca), Central America, and northern South America, chiefly

along shores.

Holacantha A. Gray (Family Simaroubaceae) holacantha

Holacantha A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Mem., New

Ser., 5: 310. 1855.

DERIVATION.—From Greek wholly and thorn, alluding to the

spiny branches throughout.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—crucifixion-thorn (SPN).

Holacantha emoryi A. Gray holacantha

Holacantha emoryi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei.

Mem., New Ser., 5: 310. 1855.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Lt. Col. William Hemsley Emory (1811-87), who was in charge of the United States

and Mexican boundary survey after the Mexican War and afterwards was a Major General in the Civil War.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—crucifixion-thorn (SPN), corona de

Cristo, rosario.

RANGE.—Southern Arizona and southeastern California. Also

in Sonora, Mexico.

Formerly regarded as a shrub but becoming a small tree up to 12 feet

tall in Arizona, according to Müller (Madroño 6: 131. 1941), Benson and

Darrow (Man. Southwest. Desert Trees Shrubs 214. 1945), and Leslie N.

Goodding.

Hymenxinthes Blume, see Rhododendron L.

Hypelate P. Br. (Family Sapindaceae) inkwood

-fHypelate P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 208. 1756.

DERIVATION.—A classical Greek plant name (Latin ruscum)

thought to apply to the liliaceous butchers-broom genus Rusctis L.

Hypelate trifoliata Sw. inkwood

•fHypelate trifoliata Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. Prodr. 61. 1788.

DERIVATION.—Three-leaved, from the compound leaves with

three leaflets.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fwhite-ironwood.

RANGE.—Rare in southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also

in West Indies.

Icacorea Aubl., see Ardisia Sw.

Ichthyomethia P. Br., see Piscidia L.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITH) STATES 207

Ilex L. (Family Aquifoliaceae) holly

f/Zea; L., Sp. PI. 125. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 60. 1754.

Prinos L., Sp. PL 330. 1753 ; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 153. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name of Quercus ilex L.,

holly oak, of Europe, which has hollylike leaves.

REFERENCES.—^Hume, H. Harold. Evergreen hollies native

in the United States. Nati. Hort. Mag. 26: 143-179, illus. 1947.

Lundell, Cyrus Longworth. Aquifoliaceae. FL Tex. 3: 112-

122. 1943.

Woods, Frank W. The genus Ilex in Tennessee. Rhodora 53 :

229-240, illus. 1951.

Hex ambigua (Michx.) Torr. Carolina holly

Cassine caroliniana Walt., FL Carol. 242. 1788. Not Cassine

caroUniana Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 652. 1785.

Prinos ambiguus Michx., FL Bor.-Amer. 2: 236. 1803.

Ilex ambigua (Michx.) Torr., FL N. Y. 2: 2. 1843; as

^'ambiguus"; as to new combination but not description.

Ilex ambigua Chapm., FL South. U. S. 269. 1860.

Ilex caroliniana (Walt.) TreL, Acad, Sei. St. Louis Trans.

5: 347. 1889; nomen provisorium. Not /. caroliniana

Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. ?>, Ilex No. 3. 1768.

?Ilex buswellii Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 51: 382. 1924.

Ilex caroliniana var. jejuna McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 236, pi.

231. 1932.

DERIVATION.—Ambiguous or doubtful.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, chiefly, from North Carolina to central Florida and eastern Texas, north to southeastern Oklahoma

and Arkansas.

REFERENCES.—Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 41: 425-426. 1939.

Little, Elbert L., Jr., Amer. Midland Nat. 33: 497-498. 1945.

Rehder, Alfred. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 214. 1922.

In the 1927 Check List included under -fllex montana Torr. & Gray.

Ilex amelanchier M. A. Curt, (ex Chapm., FL South. U. S. 270.

1860; /. dubia (G. Don) B. S. P., not Weber), sarvis holly, is a

shrub generally less than 6 feet high but was mentioned also as a

small tree, size not stated, by Small (Man. Southeast. FL 1502.

1933). It is very rare in the Coastal Plain from South Carolina

and Georgia to southeastern Louisiana and has been reported also

from southeastern Virginia. More information about the size

of tree individuals is desired.

Ilex arenicola Ashe, see L opaca var. arenicola (Ashe) Ashe

Ilex Xattenuata Ashe Topel holly

Ilex cassine X opaca

filex Xattenuata Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 40:

44. 1924; as Ilex dahoon X opaca.

DERIVATION.—Attenuate, describing the long, spiny-pointed

leaves. The common name is from Ilex topelii Hort., a sjmonym.

RANGE.—South Carolina and northwestern Florida.
208 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Ilex beadlei Ashe, see I. montana Torr. & Gray

Ilex hronxensis Britton, see I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray

Ilex bmwellii Small, see I. ambigua (Michx.) Torr.

Ilex carolinmna (Walt.) TreL, see I. ambigua (Michx.) Torr.

Ilex cassine L. dahoon

fllex cassine L., Sp. PI. 125. 1753.

Ilex dahoon Walt., Fl. Carol. 241. 1788.

}llex cassine ß angustifolia Ait., Hort. Kew. 1: 170. 1789.

Ilex cassine var. bryanii Tarbox, Some Nat. Hollies Brookgreen Gard. 12, fig. 1944; without Latin diagnosis; as

f. bryanii on p. 21. 1945.

DERIVATION.—Old name for Ilex vomitoria Ait, yaupon, misapplied to this species.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cassena, Alabama dahoon, dahoon

holly.

HYBRID.—Ilex Xattemmta Ashe (/. cassine X opaca).

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, mostly near coast, from southeastern

Virginia to southern Florida and west to southern Louisiana.

Also reported from southeastern Texas.

Ilex cassine Walt., see I. vomitoria Ait.

Ilex collina Alexander, see !• montana Torr. & Gray

Ilex coriácea (Pursh) Chapm. large gallberry

Prinos coriaceus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 221. 1814.

Ilex coriácea (Pursh) Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. 270. 1860.

DERIVATION.—^Leathery, referring to the evergreen leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—sweet gallberry.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to Florida

and west to Louisiana and eastern Texas.

Usually a shrub less than 10 feet high, this species occassionally becomes

a small tree up to 15 feet high and 2 or 3 inches in trunk diameter, according to Lunden (PL Tex. 3: 114. 1943) and Hume (Nati. Hort. Mag. 26:

144. 1947). Brown (Trees Shrubs La. 166. 1945) recorded it as a large

shrub or small tree.

Ilex cumulicola Small, see L opaca var. arenicola (Ashe) Ashe

Ilex curtissii (Fern.) Small, see I. decidua Walt.

Ilex cuthbertii Small, see L decidua Walt.

Ilex dahoon Walt., see I. cassine L.

nex decidua Walt. possumhaw

illex decidua Walt., Fl. Carol. 241. 1788.

filex decidua var. curtissii Fern., Bot Gaz. 33: 155. 1902.

Ilex curtissii (Fern.) Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 815. 1933.

Ilex cuthbertii Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 815. 1933.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 209

DERIVATION.—Deciduous.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—deciduous holly, swamp holly, Curtiss

possumhaw, fwinterberry.

RANGE.—Maryland and Virginia, south in Coastal Plain and

Piedmont to northern Florida, west to southeastern and central

Texas, and north in interior to eastern Oklahoma, southeastern

Kansas, Missouri, southern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, western

Kentucky, and Tennessee. Also in northeastern Mexico

(Tamaulipas and Nuevo León).

Ilex dubia (G. Don) B. S. P., see /. amelanchier M. A. Curt.

Ilex fastigiata Bickn., see I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray

Ilex krugiana Loes. tawnyberry holly

-fllex krugiana Loes, in Urban, Bot. Jahrb. 15: 317. 1893.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Leopold Krug (1833-98), botanist

who studied the flora of the West Indies.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Krug holly, southern holly.

RANGE.—Local in southern Florida (Dade County). Also in

Bahama Islands and Hispaniola.

Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A. Gray smooth winterberry

Prinos laevigatus Dum.-Cours., Bot. Cult. Ed. 2, 6: 255.

1811; nomen nudttm.

Prinos laevigatus FuYshy Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 220. 1814.

Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A. Gray, Man. North, U. S. Ed. 2,

264. 1856.

DERIVATION.—Smooth, the leaves being hairless or nearly so.

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine to New York and Pennsylvania,

and south to northern Georgia, mostly in Coastal Plain.

A shrub or rarely a small tree up to 20 feet high, according to Small

(Man. Southeast. Fl. 815. 1938). Mentioned as a shrub in the 1927 Check

List.

Ilex longipes Chapm. Georgia holly

Ilex longipes Chapm. ex Trel., Acad. Sei. St. Louis Trans. 5 :

346. 1889.

Ilex longipes var. hirsuta Lundell, Fl. Tex. 3: 118. 1943.

DERIVATION.—Long-stalked, referring to the fruits.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—largeleaf holly.

RANGE.—North Carolina and southern Tennessee, south to

eastern Texas, Louisiana, and Florida.

Usually a shrub but also a tree up to 23 feet high, according to Small

(Man. Southeast. Fl. 815. 1933).

Ilex mollis A. Gray, see I. mcmtana Torr. & Gray

Ilex montana Torr. & Gray mountain winterberry

fIlex montana Torr. & Gray in A. Gray, Man. Bot. North.

U. S. 276. 1848. Not Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb., Amer.

Acad. Arts and Sei. Mem., New Ser. 8: 171. 1861.
210 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Ilex montícola A. Gray, Man. Bot. North. U. S. Ed. 2, 264.

1856.

Ilex mollis A. Gray, Man. Bot. North. U. S. Ed. 5, 306. 1867.

Ilex montana var. mollis (A. Gray) Britton, Torrey Bot.

Club Bui. 17: 313. 1890.

Ilex beadlei Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 26: 377. 1897 ; nomen stibnudum.

Ilex beadlei Ashe ex Kearney, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 24: 569.

1897.

Ilex montana var. beadlei (Ashe) Fern., Rhodora 41: 428.

1939.

îllex collina AlexsLiiäer, Castanea 6: 30. 1941.

The West Indian species formerly known also as Ilex montana (Sw.)

Griseb., a later homonjon, was renamed J. macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehd.

(Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 215. 1922).

DERIVATION.—Of mountains.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fmountain holly.

RANGE.—Mountains, mostly from Massachusetts to western

New York, south to eastern Kentucky, central Tennessee, and

Louisiana, and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia. Also

a variety in Japan.

REFERENCES.—Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 41: 424-429, pi. 559.

1939.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Amer. Midland Nat. 33: 498. 1945.

Woods, Frank. The status of Ilex collina Alexander. Castanea

16: 126-127. 1951.

Ilex monticohb A. Gray, see L montana Torr. & Gray

Ilex myrtîfolîa Walt. myrtle dahoon

Ilex myrtifolia Walt., Fl. Carol. 241. 1788.

Ilex cassine var. myrtifolia (Walt.) Sarg., Gard, and Forest

2: 616. 1889.

DERIVATION.—Myrtle-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—dahoon, myrtle-leaved holly.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from North Carolina to central Florida

and west to southeastern Louisiana. Also reported from eastern

Texas.

Ilex nettletoniana R. H. Ferguson, see I. opaca Ait.

*Ilex opaca Ait. American holly

Hex opaca var. opaca American holly (typical)

-^Ilex opaca Ait., Hort. Kew. 1: 169. 1789.

fllex opaca f. subintegra Weatherby, Rhodora 23: 119. 1921.

Ilex opaca var. subintegra Weatherby ex Rehd., Man. Cult»

Trees Shrubs 543. 1927.

Ilex nettletoniana R. H. Ferguson, Jour. Forestry 35: 300,

fig. 1. 1937; without Latin diagnosis.

HYBRID.—Ilex Xatteniuita Ashe (/. cassine X opaca).

DERIVATION.—Opaque or dark, referring to the dull green

leaves.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 211

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^fholly, white holly.

RANGE.—Massachusetts to southeastern New York, eastern

Pennsylvania, West Virginia, southern Ohio, Kentucky, southeastern Missouri, southeastern Oklahoma, and eastern and southcentral Texas, and east to central Florida.

Hex opaca var. arenicola (Ashe) Ashe dune holly

Ilex arenicola Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 40: 44.

1924 (before Sept. 16, Aug. ?).

Ilex cumulicola Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 51: 382. 1924

(Sept. 18).

-^Ilex opaca arenicola (Ashe) Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart.

1(2): 31. 1925.

Ilex pygmaea McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 17, pi. 229. 1932.

Ilex arenicola var. ohovata McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 234, pi.

226. 1932.

Ilex arenicola var. paucidens McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 235,

pi. 227. 1932.

Ilex arenicola var. transiens McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 235, pi.

228. 1932.

Ilex pygmaea var. subedentata McFarlin, Rhodora 34: 235,

pi. 230. 1932.

DERIVATION.—Growing in sandy places.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—hummock holly (SPN), scrub holly.

RANGE.—Northern and central Florida (Clay to Highlands

Counties).

Ilex pygmaea McFarlin, see I. opaca var. arenicola (Ashe) Ashe

Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray common winterberry

Prinos verticillatus L., Sp. PL 330. 1753.

Prinos padifolius Willd., Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. 394. 1809.

Prinos verticillatus ß tenuifoliiis Torr., Fl. North. Mid. U. S.

338. 1824.

Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray, Man. Bot. North. U. S. Ed. 2,

264. 1856.

Ilex verticillata var. padifolia (Willd.) Torr. & Gray ex S.

Wats., Bibl. Index No. Amer. Bot. 1: 160. 1878.

Ilex verticillata var. tenuifolia (Torr.) S. Wats., Bibl. Index

No. Amer. Bot. 1: 160. 1878.

Ilex verticillata var. cyclophylla Robinson, Rhodora 2: 105.

1900.

Ilex bronxensis Britton, Man. Fl. North. U. S. 604. 1901.

Ilex fastigiata Bickn., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 39: 426. 1912.

Ilex verticillata var. fastigiata (Bickn.) Fern., Rhodora 23:

274. 1922.

Ilex verticillata var. aurantiaca Moldenke, Rev. Sudamer. de

Bot. 6: 29. 1939.

DERIVATION.—^Whorled, referring to the clusters of axillary

flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—black-alder, winterberry.
212 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 Ü. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Newfoundland to Quebec, Maine, Ontario, Michigan,

and northern Minnesota, south to southeastern Missouri, Tennessee, southeastern Louisiana, Georgia, and northern Florida.

A shrub or sometimes a small tree to 25 feet tall. Mentioned in the

1927 Check List as a shrub.

Ilex vomitoria Ait. fyaupon

Cassine paragua Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Cassine No. 2.

1768. Not Cassine peragua L., Sp. PI. 268. 1753.

Ilex cassine Walt., Fl. Carol. 241. 1788. Not Ilex cassine L.,

Sp. PL 125. 1753.

filex vomitoria Ait., Hort. Kew. 1: 170. 1789.

Ilex vomitoria var. yawkeyii Tarbox, Some Nat. Hollies

Brookgreen Gard. 19, fig. 1944 ; without Latin diagnosis ;

as f. yawkeyii on p. 21. 1945.

Ilex vomitoria var. chiapensis Sharp, Harvard Univ. Bot.

Mus. Leafl. 14: 107. 1950.

DERIVATION.—Causing vomiting, in reference to the emetic

properties of tea prepared from the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cassena, Christmas-berry, evergreen

holly.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia south to

central Florida and west to eastern and south-central Texas, and

north to southeastern Oklahoma and Arkansas. Also a pubescent

form in southern Mexico (Chiapas).

REFERENCES.—Rehder, Alfred. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3:

212-215. 1922.

Schultes, Richard Evans. The correct name of the yaupon.

Harvard Univ. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 14: 97-105, illus. 1950.

Illicium L. (Family Magnoliaceae) anise-tree

Illicium L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1050. 1759.

DERIVATION.—Allurement, in reference to the odor.

REFERENCE.—Smith, A. C. The families Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. Sargentia 7, 224 pp., illus. 1947.

A. C. Smith has proposed the new, segregate family Illiciaceae for this

genus of about forty species, which was not in the 1927 Check List.

Illicium flöridanum Ellis Florida anise-tree

Illicium floridanum Ellis, [Roy. Soc. London] Phil. Trans.

60: 529, pi. 12. 1770.

DERIVATION.—Of Florida.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^polecat-tree, purple anise-tree, staranise, starbush, stinkbush.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain of northwestern Florida to central Alabama, southern Mississippi, and southeastern Louisiana. Also in

northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas).

A small tree 15 to 20 feet high with trunks 2 to 8 inches in diameter

in northwestern Florida, according: to West and Arnold (Native Trees Fla.

67, fig. 1946). However, generally it is a shrub and, according to A. C.

Smith (Sargentia 7: 37. 1947), a shrub or small tree usually not exceeding

10 feet in height.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 218

lUicium parvîflorum Michx. yellow anise-tree

Illicium parviflorum Michx. ex Vent, Tabl. Regn. Vég. 8:

71. 1791.

DERIVATION.—Small-flowered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—small-flowered anise-tree.

RANGE.—Local in eastern Florida (Volusia, Seminóle, and Lake

Counties).

A large spreading shrub up to 23 feet high and in cultivation often a

smaU tree up to 40 feet high, according to A. C. Smith (Sargentía 7: 41.

1947).

Jaquinia L. (Family Theophrastaceae) jacquinia

fJaquinia L. in L. & Sandmark, Fl. Jamaicensis 27. 1759;

Amoen. Acad. 5: 388. 1760.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Nicholas Joseph von Jacquin (1727-

1817), Austrian botany and chemistry professor, perhaps best

known for his collections, descriptions, and paintings of West

Indian plants.

Jaquinia keyensis Mez tjoewood

fJaquinia keyensis Mez, Symb. Antill. 2: 444. 1901; as

''Jacquinia."

DERIVATION.—Of the keys.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—joewood jacquinia (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

Bahama Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica.

At one time referred to Jaquinia armillaris Jacq., a synonym of the West

Indian species J. barbasco (Loefl.) Mez.

Juglans L. (Family Juglandaceae) walnut

iJuglans L., Sp. PI. 997. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 431. 1754.

Wallia Alef., Bonplandia 9: 335. 1861.

DERIVATION.—The classic Latin name of the walnut, meaning

nut of Jupiter.

Three hybrids in Juglans which were included in the 1927 Check List

have been omitted here because they are known only in cultivation. They are:

Juglans Xbixbyi Rehd. (Juglans Xsargentii Sudw.; J, cinérea L. X

J. ailantifolia Carr. (J, sieboldiana Maxim.))

Juglans ^intermedia Carr. (J. nigra L. X /. regia L.)

Juglans Xquadrangulata (Carr.) Rehd. (/. cinérea L. X J. regia L.)

Juglans californica S. Wats. tCalifornia walnut

iJuglans californica S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei.

Proc. 10: 349. 1875.

DERIVATION.—Of California.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—California black walnut (SPN),

southern California black walnut.

RANGE.—Coastal southern California (Santa Barbara County

to Orange County).

*JugIans cinérea L. fbutternut

iJuglans cinérea L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 1272. 1759.
214 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Wallia cinérea (L.) Alef., Bonplandia 9: 836. 1861.

DERIVATION.—^Ash-colored, referring to the bark.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—oilnut, white walnut.

RANGE.—^Western New Brunswick and central Maine to southem Quebec, southern Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, and

southeastern Minnesota, south to Missouri and northern Arkansas,

and east to northern Mississippi, northern Georgia, and western

South Carolina.

Juglans hindsü Jeps. fHinds walnut

Juglans californica var. hindsii Jeps., So. Calif. Acad. Sei.

Bul. 7:24. 1908.

iJugUns hindsi Jeps. ex R. E. Smith, Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta.

Bui. 203: 27, fig. 9A. 1909 ; as "/imdsir on fig. 9A.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Richard Brinsley

Hinds, English botanist on a voyage around the world in 1836-42

on the ship Sulphur.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Hinds black walnut (SPN).

RANGE.—Central California.

Juglans major (Torr.) Heller Arizona walnut

fJuglans rupestris Engelm. ß major Torr, in Sitgreaves, Rpt.

Exped. Zuni Colo. Rivers 171, pi. 16. 1853.

Juglans major (Torr.) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 50. 1904.

DERIVATION.—Larger, the fruits being much larger than in

Juglans microcarpa (/. rupestris).

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^Arizona black walnut (SPN), tnogal.

RANGE.—Central and southwestern Texas to southwestern New

Mexico and central Arizona, south to northern Mexico (Sonora to

Coahuila and Durango).

REFERENCE.—Sudworth, George B. (ed. and annotated by W.

A. Dayton). Poplars, principal tree willows and walnuts of the

Rocky Mountain region. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bui. 420, 112 pp.,

illus. 1934.

Juglans microcarpa Berlandier flittle walnut

Juglans microcarpa Berlandier in Berlandier & Chovel, Diario

Viage Comisión Límites Mier y Teran 276. 1850.

Juglans nam Engelm., Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sei. Proc. 5: 226.

"^Juglans rupestris Engelm. ex Torr, in Sitgreaves, Rpt. Exped. Zuni Colo. Rivers 171, pi. 15. 1853.

DERIVATION.—Small-fruited, from the nuts, originally described

as about the size of a large hazelnut. ,o,-r»xTx ^

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Texas black walnut (SPN), nogal,

walnut, river walnut, Texas walnut.

RANGE.—^Western Oklahoma, western and southern Texas mcluding Edwards Plateau and Trans-Pecos Texas, and southeastern New Mexico, south to northeastern Mexico (Chihuahua

and Coahuila).
CÎÎECK List OF TfeEES OF THE UKiTÈD StATÉS 215

REFERENCE.—Johnston, Ivan M. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 25 :

436. 1944.

Juglans nana Engelm., see J. microcarpa Berlandier

*Juglans nigra L. fblack walnut

f Juglans nigra L., Sp. PI. 997. 1753.

Wallia nigra (L.) Alef., Bonplandia 9: 336. 1861.

DERIVATION.—Black, perhaps referring to the dark wood.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—eastern black walnut (SPN), American walnut.

RANGE.—Western Massachusetts, New York, extreme southern

Ontario, southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin, southern Minnesota, and southeastern South Dakota, south to eastern Nebraska,

western Oklahoma, and eastern Texas, and east to northwestern

Florida and Georgia.

Juglans rupestris Engelm., see J. microcarpa Berlandier

Juniperus L. (Family Pinaceae) juniper

iJuniperus L., Sp. PI. 1038. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 461. 1754.

Sabina Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 3. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—redcedar, ''cedar."

REFERENCES.—Hall, Marion Trufont. Variation and hybridization in Juniperus. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 39: 1-64, illus. 1952.

Morton, C. V. Notes on Juniperus. Rhodora 43: 344-348.

1941.

Sudworth, George B. The cypress and juniper trees of the

Rocky Mountain region. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 207, 36 pp., illus.

1915.

Whiting, Albert F. Junipers of the Flagstaff region. Plateau

15: 23-31, illus. 1942.

One additional native species, Juniperus horizontalis Moench, creeping

juniper, is a prostrate shrub.

Juniperus ashei Buchholz Ashe juniper

Cupressus sabinoides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 3. 1817.

fJuniperus mexicana Spreng., Syst. Veget. 3: 909. 1826;

nomen illegitimum. Not Juniperus mexicana Schiede &

Deppe in Schlecht. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 77. 1830.

Juniperus tetragona Schlecht., Linnaea 12: 495. 1838. Not

Juniperus tetragona Moench, Meth. PI. 699. 1794.

Juniperus sabinoides (H. B. K.) Nees, Linnaea 19: 706.

1847. Not Juniperus sabinoides Griseb., Spicil. Fl. Rum. 2:

352. 1845.

Juniperus tetragona var. oligosperma Engelm., Acad. Sei. St.

Louis Trans. 3: 591. 1877.

Sabina sabinoides (H. B. K.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 83,

1326. 1903.

Juniperus ashei Buchholz, Bot. Gaz. 90: 329, figs. 1-2. 1930.
216 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Juniperus montícola Martinez, Mex. Univ. Nac. An, Inst.

Bid. 17: 79, figs. 66-76. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of William Willard Ashe (1872-

1932), pioneer forester of the United States Forest Service, who

collected it in Arkansas.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fmountain cedar, rock cedar, Mexican

juniper.

RANGE.—Southern Missouri, northern Arkansas, northeastern

and southern Oklahoma, central Texas (Edwards Plateau), and

Trans-Pecos Texas. Also in Mexico (Coahuila southward).

REFERENCES.—Hopkins, Milton, Rhodora 45: 275. 1943.

Johnston, Ivan M. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 24: 337. 1943.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Amer. Jour. Bot. 31: 593. 1944.

Also referred to Juniperus mexicana Spreng^-, which must be rejected as a

later homonym.

Juniperus barbadensis L., see note under J. silicicola (Small)

Bailey

Juniperus ealifornica Carr. fCalifornia jumper

•fJuniperus ealifornica Carr., Rev. Hort. [Paris], Ser. 4, 3:

352, fig. 21. 1854.

Sabina ealifornica (Carr.) Ant., Cupress.-Gatt. 52, pi. 72.

1857-60.

DERIVATION.—Of California.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—desert white-cedar.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oregon (Jackson County) and from

northern California south to northern Lower California, Mexico.

Juniperus communis L. common juniper

1( Juniperus communis L., Sp. PI. 1040. 1753.

Juniperus sibirica Burgsd., Anleit. Sich. Erzieh. Holzart.

272. 1787.

Juniperus communis a erecta Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:

646. 1814.

DERIVATION.—Common. To Linnaeus (in Sweden) this was

indeed the common juniper.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^juniper, fdwarf junipei', prostrate

juniper.

RANGE.—Greenland, Newfoundland, and Labrador, across

Canada to northwestern Alaska, south in western United States,

chiefly in mountains, from Washington to central California,

northeastern Arizona, northern New Mexico, Montana, and North

Dakota, and south in East from Minnesota to northern Illinois,

Indiana, northern Ohio, and eastern Virginia, and in mountains

to North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Also in Europe

and Asia.

Usually a low mat-forming shrub but rarely a small tree to 26 feet high

in New England and elsewhere and commonly a tree in Europe. Specimens

up to 25 feet high have been recorded in Maine, according to H. B, Peirson

(Forest Trees Me. 22. 1951). In addition to the typical tree variety,

Juniperus communia var. communis (var. erecta Pursh), a number of
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 217

shrubby varieties have been distinguished, among which are oldfield common

juniper, J, communia var. depressa Pursh, and mountain common juniper,

J. communis var. saxatilis Pail. (J. sibirica Burgsd. and J. communie var.

alpina Gaud., V2ir,montana Ait., and var. nana (Schkh.) Baumgarten).

*Juniperus deppeana Steud. falligator jumper

Juniperus mexicana Schiede & Deppe in Schlecht. & Gham.,

Linnaea 5: 77. 1830. Not Juniperus mexicana Spreng.,

Syst. Veg. 3: 909. 1826.

Juniperus deppeana Steud., Nomencl. Bot. Ed. 2, 1: 835.

1840.

iJuniperus pachyphloea Torr, in U. S. Rpts. Expl. Surv. Miss.

Pacif. 4(5): 142. 1857; as ''pachyphlaea.''

Juniperus deppeana var. pachyphlaea (Torr.) Martínez, Méx.

Inst. Biol. Anal. 17: 53, figs. 40-43. 1946.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Ferdinand Deppe (died 1861), German botanist who had given this species a name previously used

for another species.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—checkered-bark juniper, western

juniper (lumber), cedro chino.

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas to western New Mexico and central

Arizona, and south to northern and central Mexico (from Sonora

to Coahuila, south to Zacatecas, Durango, Puebla, and Veracruz).

REFERENCES.—Johnston, I. M. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 24:

336. 1943.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Older names for two western species of

Juniperus. Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 125-132. 1948.

Juniperus erythrocarpa Cory, see J. monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.

*Jumperus flaccida Schlecht. fdrooping juniper

iJuniperus flaccida Schlecht., Linnaea 12: 495. 1838.

DERIVATION.—Relaxed, or hanging down, referring to the pendulous or drooping branches.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Mexican drooping juniper (SPN).

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas south to southern Mexico (Tamaulipas to Sonora, south to Guerrero and Oaxaca).

Juniperus gymnocarpa (Lemm.) Cory, see J. monosperma

(Engelm.) Sarg.

Juniperus knightii A. Neis., see J. osteosperma (Torr.) Little

Juniperus lucayana Britton, see note under J. silicicola (Small)

Bailey

Juniperus megalocarpa Sudw., see J. osteosperma (Torr.) Little

Juniperus mexicana Spreng., see J. ashei Buchholz

Juniperus mexicana Schiede & Deppe, see J, deppeana Steud.

*Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. fone-seed jumper

Juniperus occidentalis Hook. var. texana Vasey, Cat. Forest
218 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Trees U. S. 37. 1876 ; U. S. Comm. Agr. Rpt 1875 (v. 18) :

185. 1876; nom. subnvd.

Juniperus occidentalis var. ß monosperma Engelm., Acad.

Sei. St. Louis Trans. 3: 590. 1877.

Juniperus occidentalis var. gymnocarpa Lemm., Handb. W.-

Amer. Cone-Bearers. Ed. 3, 80. 1895.

IfJuniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg., Silva No. Amer.

10: 89, pi. 522. 1896.

Sabina monosperma (Engelm.) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club.

Bui. 32: 598. 1905.

?Juniperus erythrocarpa Cory, Rhodora 38: 186. 1936.

Juniperus gymnocarpa (Lemm.) Cory, Rhodora 38: 184.

1936.

Juniperus mexicana var. monosperma (Engelm.) Cory, Rhodora 38: 183. 1936.

?Juniperus texensis Van Melle, Phytologia 4: 26. 1952.

DERIVATION.—One-seeded.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cherry-stone juniper, fredberry juniper, West Texas juniper, sabina.

RANGE.—Colorado, Utah, and Nevada, south to southeastern

Arizona, southern New Mexico, Trans-Pecos, central and northwestern Texas, and extreme northwestern Oklahoma. Also in

northern Mexico (Sonora to Coahuila, south to Zacatecas and

Durango).

REFERENCE.—Van Melle, P. J. Juniperus texensis sp. nov.—

West-Texas juniper in relation to J. monosperma, J. ashei et al.

Phytologia 4: 26-35. 1952.

*Juniperus occidentalis Hook. fwestern juniper

fJuniperus occidentalis Hook., Fl.-Bor. Amer. 2: 166. 1839.

Sabina occidentalis (Hook.) Ant., Cupress.-Gatt. 64, pis.

84-86. 1857-60.

DERIVATION.—^Western.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Sierra juniper.

RANGE.—Mountains of Pacific coast region of western Montana,

Idaho, and Washington, south to Oregon and southern California

and to western Nevada (Douglas County).

*Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little fUtah jumper

Juniperus tetragona Schlecht, var. osteosperma Torr, in

U. S. Rpts. Expl. Surv. Miss. Pacif. 4(5) : 141. 1857.

Sabina osteosperma (Torr.) Ant., Cupress.-Gatt. 51. 1857-

60.

Juniperus californicus var. utahense Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees

U. S. 37. 1876; U. S. Comm. Agr. Rpt. 1875: 185. 1876;

nomen subnudum,

Juniperus califomica var. utahensis Engelm., Acad. Sei. St.

Louis Trans. 3: 588. 1877.

fJuniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemm., Calif. State Bd.

Forestry Bien. Rpt. 3: 183, pi. 28, fig. 2. 1890.
CHECK UST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 219

Juniperus knighti A. Neis., Bot. Gaz. 25: 198, figs. 1-2.

1898.

Sabina utahensîs (Engelm.) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32:

598. 1905.

Juniperíis megalocarpa Sudw., Forestry and Irrig. 13: 307,

figs. 1-2. 1907.

fJuniperus utahensîs var. megalocarpa (Sudw.) Sarg., Bot.

Gaz. 67: 208. 1919.

Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little, Leaflets West. Bot.

5: 125. 1948.

DERIVATION.—Bone-seeded.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—bigberry juniper, western juniper

(lumber), sabina.

RANGE.—Great Basin region, chiefly, from southwestern Wyoming to southern Idaho and Nevada, south to eastern and southeastern California, central Arizona, and western New Mexico. Also

local in southern Montana (Carbon County).

REFERENCES.—Little, Elbert L., Jr. Older names for two western species of Juniperus. Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 125-132. 1948.

Van Melle, P. J. Juniperus utahensîs Lemm. Phytologia 3:

299-300. 1950.

Juniperus pachyphloea Torr., see J. deppeana Steud.

Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. Pinchot jumper

-fJuniperus pinchotii Sudw., Forestry and Irrig. 11: 204, figs.

1-4. 1905; as ''pinchotii

Juniperus monosperma var. pinchotii (Sudw.) Van Melle,

Phytologia 4: 29. 1952.

^ DERIVATION.—In honor of Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946), distinguished American forester and statesman and first chief of the

United States Forest Service.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fredberry juniper.

RANGE.—Central to northwestern and Trans-Pecos Texas. Also

in western Oklahoma and reported from southeastern New

Mexico.

Juniperus sabinoides (H. B. K.) Nees, see J. ashei Buchholz

Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain juniper

Juniperus virginiana var. montana Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees

U. S. 37. 1876; U. S. Comm. Agr. Rpt. 1875 (v. 18) : 185.

1876 ; nom, subnud,

fJuniperus scopulorum Sarg., Gard, and Forest 10: 420,

fig. 54. 1897; nomen provisorum. Sarg., Silva No. Amer.

14: 93, pi. 739. 1902.

Juniperus virginiana var. scopulorum Lemm., Handb. W.-

Amer. Cone-Bearers. Ed. 4, 113. 1900.

Sabina scopulorum (Sarg.) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 32:

598. 1905.

Juniperus scopulorum var. columnaris Fassett, Torrey Bot.

Club Bui. 72: 482. 1945.
220 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—Of rocky cliffs, or crags, referring to its habitat.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—western juniper (lumber), redcedar,

fRocky Mountain redcedar, river juniper, cedro rojo.

RANGE.—^Western North Dakota and Montana, northwest

to southwestern Alberta, and eastern and southern British Columbia, south from Washington and eastern Oregon to southern

Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and Tran-Pecos and northwestern

Texas, and north to Colorado, northwestern Nebraska, and central

South Dakota.

REFERENCE.—See J. vîrgînîana L,

Juniperus sibirica Burgsd., see J. communis L.

Juniperus silícicola (Small) Bailey fsouthern redcedar

Juniperus virginiana var. bermudiana Vasey, Cat. Forest

Trees U. S. 37. 1876; U. S. Comm. Agr. Rpt. 1875 (v.

18) : 185. 1876 ; nom. subnud.

Sabina silicicola Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour, 24: 5. 1923.

Juniperus silicicola (Small) Bailey, Cult. Conif. No. Amer.

197. 1933.

DERIVATION.—Growing in sand.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—redcedar, eastern redcedar (lumber).

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, chiefly near coast, from southeastern

North Carolina and South Carolina south to central Florida, and

west to southern Mississippi and in southeastern Texas.

Formerly referred to Juniperus harbadensis L. of the West Indies, and in

the 1927 Check List to t«^. lucayana Britton, which was treated as a synonym

of the former by J. P. Carabia (Caribbean Forester 2: 97-99. 1941).

Junipenis tetragona Schlecht., see J. ashei Buchholz

Juniperus texensis Van Melle, see J. monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.

Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemm., see J. osteosperma (Torr.)

Little

Juniperus virginiana L. feastern redcedar

fJuniperus virginiana L., Sp. PI. 1039. 1753.

Sabina virginiana (L.) Ant., Cupress.-Gatt. 61. pis. 83,

84. 1857-60.

Juniperus virginiana var. crebra Fern. & Griscom, Rhodora

37: 133, pi. 333. 1935.

Sabina virginiana var. crebra (Fern. & Griscom) Moldenke,

Phytologia 2: 473. 1948.

DERIVATION.—Of Virginia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—red juniper, redcedar, savin.

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine, west to northern New York, extreme southern Quebec, southern Ontario, southern Michigan,

southern Wisconsin, southern Minnesota, and southwestern North

Dakota, and south to western Kansas, western Oklahoma, and

central Texas, and east to Georgia.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 221

REFERENCES.—Fassett, Norman C. The validity of Juniperus

virginiana var. crebra. Amer. Jour. Bot. 30: 469-477, illus.

1943.

Fassett, Norman C. Juniperus virginiana, J. horizontalis,

and J. scopulorum—^V. Taxonomic treatment. Torrey Bot. Club

Bui. 72: 480-482, illus. 1945.

Kalmia L. (Family Ericaceae) kalmia

iKalmia L., Sp. PI. 391. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5. 185. 1754.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated by Linnaeus to his student Peter Kalm

(1716-79), Swedish botanist who traveled and collected in Canada

and the eastern United States.

Kalmia latifolia L. fmountain-laurel

fKalmia latifolia L., Sp. PI. 391. 1753.

Kalmia latifolia var. laevipes Fern., Rhodora 42: 53. 1940.

DERIVATION.—Broad-leaved, contrasted with a narrow-leaved

species.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^mountain-Iaurel kalmia (SPN),

calico-bush, ivybush, laurel.

RANGE.—New Brunswick and Maine to southern Ontario, Ohio,

southern Indiana, and western Kentucky, south to western Tennessee and southeastern Louisiana, and east to northwestern

Florida and Georgia.

Koeberlinîa Zuce. (Family Koeberliniaceae) allthorn

"fKoeberlinia Zuce, K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München, Abhandl.

Math.-Phys. 1: 358. 1832. Flora [Jena] 15(2), Beibl. 73.

1832.

DERIVATION.—In honor of C. L. Köberlin, German clergyman

and amateur botanist.

Koeberlinîa spinosa Zuce. fallthorn

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—spiny allthorn (SPN), corona de

Cristo, corona de púas, crown-of-thorns, crucifixion-thorn, junco.

Koeberlinîa spinosa var. spinosa allthorn (typical)

•fKoeberlinia spinosa Zuce, K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München,

Abhandl. Math.-Phys. 1: 359. 1832. Also Flora [Jena]

15(2), Beibl. 74. 1832.

Koeberlinia spinosa var. verniflora Bogusch, Torreya 31: 74,

fig. 1. 1931.

DERIVATION.—Spiny, the leafless branches bearing numerous

spines.

RANGE.—Southern Texas to Edwards Plateau and Trans-Pecos

Texas, southern New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona. Also

in northern and central Mexico (Sonora to Tamaulipas, south to

Puebla and Oaxaca). Recorded from a limited area of Bolivia

by I. M. Johnston (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 21: 357. 1940).
222 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Koeberlinia spinosa var. tenuispina Kearney & Peebles

Koeherlinia spinosa var. tenuispina Kearney & Peebles, Wash.

Acad. Sei. Jour. 29: 486. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Slender-spined.

RANGE.—Desert mountains of southwestern Arizona and southeastern California (Chocolate Mountains). Also in Sonora,

Mexico.

This variety described since publication of the 1927 Check List, reaches

a height of 15 feet. The typical variety is commonly a low shrub but rarely

becomes a tree 20 to 25 feet high and 1 foot in trunk diameter southward

into Mexico.

Krugiodendron Urban (Family Rhamnaceae) leadwood

iKrugiodendron Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 313. 1902.

DERIVATION.—Krug's tree, honoring Leopold Krug (1833-98),

German businessman, botanist, and patron of science, who resided

in Puerto Rico and studied the flora of the.West Indies.

Krugiodendron ferreum (Vahl) Urban leadwood

Rhamnus ferreus Vahl ex West, Bidrag Ste. Croix 276.

1793; nomen nudum.

Rhamnus ferreus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 41, pi. 58. 1794.

Rhamnidium ferreum (Vahl) Sarg., Gard, and Forest 4:

16. 1891 ; nom. provisor. Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 2: 29,

pi. 58. 1891.

^Krugiodendron ferreum (Vahl) Urban, Symb. Ant. 3: 314.

1902.

DERIVATION.—Of iron, referring to the very heavy wood, which

has the highest specific gravity of all the native woods in the

United States.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fblack ironwood.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, north on east coast to Cape

Canaveral, and including Florida Keys. Also in West Indies.

Also in Mexico (TamauUpas, San Luis Potosí, and Yucatan) and

British Honduras.

-fLagerstroemia indica L. (Syst. Nat. Ed. 10; 1076. 1759;

family Lythraceae), common crapemyrtle or fcrapemyrtle, native

of Asia, is widely planted for ornament from Maryland to Florida

and eastern Texas. It is long persistent at old home sites and

occasionally escapes but perhaps should not be accepted as

naturalized.

Laguncularia Gaertn. f, (Family Combretaceae) white-mangrove

'\Laguncularia Gaertn. f.. Sup. Carp. Fruct. Sem. PL 3: 209,

pi. 217, fig. 3. 1807.

DERIVATION.—From Latin laguncula, a small flask or bottle,

from the fancied resemblance of the calyx and fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^false-mangrove (SPN).

Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. white-mangrove

Conocarpus racemosus L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 930. 1759;
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 223

fLaguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f., Sup. Carp. Fruct.

Sem. PI. 3: 209, pi. 217, fig. 3. 1807.

DERIVATION.—Racemose, referring to the ñower clusters.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^false-mangrove (SPN), buttonwood,

fwhite buttonwood.

RANGE.—Coasts of central and southern Florida, includmg

Florida Keys. Also in West Indies, Mexico from Tamaulipas southward. Central America, and South America, and in western

Africa.

LarixMilL (Family Pinaceae) larch

-fLarix Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 2. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical name of Larix decidua Mill.,

European larch.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^tamarack.

REFERENCES.—Jaurès, R., and Ferré, Y. de. A propos des

Larix d'Amérique du Nord. Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome

1, V. 4, art. 33, 16 pp., illus. 1949.

Ostenfeld, C. H., and Larsen, C. Syrach. The species of the

genus Larix and their geographical distribution. Danske

Vidensk. Selsk., Biol. Meddel. 9(2), 107 pp., illus. 1930.

Larix decidua Mill. (Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Larix No. 1. 1768;

Larix larix (L.) Karst.), European larch, is planted in southern

Canada and northeastern United States and has become established and naturalized locally in Connecticut and New York and

perhaps elsewhere. REFERENCE.—Cook, David B. European larch

reproduces in eastern New York. Jour. Forestry 37: 891-893.

1939.

Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch ftamarack

Pinus laricina Du Roi, Dissert. Inaug. Observ. Bot. 49. 1771.

Pinus intermedia Pott in Du Roi, Harbk. Baumz. Ed. 2,

2: 114. 1800.

Larix americana Michx., FI. Bor.-Amer. 2: 203. 1803.

^Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, Dendrol. 2(2): 263.

1873.

Larix alaskensis W. F. Wight, Smithsn. Inst. Mise. Collect.

1: 174, pi. 17. 1908.

Larix laricina var. alaskensis (W. F. Wight) Raup, Sargentía

6: 105. 1947.

Larix laricina var. lútea Jaurès & Ferré, Lab. Forest.

Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v. 4, art. 33: 6. 1949.

Larix laricina var. parvistrobus Jaurès & Ferré, Lab. Forest.

Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v. 4, art. 33: 4, figs. 11-14. 1949.

DERIVATION.—Like a larch; originally placed in the genus

Pinus, pine.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—eastern larch (SPN), hackmatack,

Alaska larch, American larch, black larch.

RANGE.—^Newfoundland and Labrador west across Canada

along northern limit of trees to Hudson Bay, Northwest Terri-
224 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

tories, Yukon, and northwestern Alaska, south to interior Alaska,

and east to northwestern British Columbia, central Alberta, and

southern Manitoba and south in northeastern United States from

Minnesota to Wisconsin, northeastern Illinois, northern Indiana,

northern Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey and Maine. Also

local in northern West Virginia and western Maryland.

Larix lyallii Pari. subalpine larch

-fLarix lyallii Pari., Conif. Nov. Nonn. Descr. 3. 1863 (Jan.).

Pari, ex Seemann, Jour. Bot. Brit. Foreign 1: 35. 1863

(Feb.?).

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of its discoverer, David Lyall

(1817-95), Scotch surgeon and naturalist on various British

expeditions and surveys.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—falpine larch, tamarack.

RANGE.—High mountains of southern Alberta, southeastern

British Columbia, Washington, northern Idaho, and western Montana.

*Larix occidentalis Nutt. twestern larch

Larix occidentalis Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 143, pi. 120.

1849.

DERIVATION.—^Western.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^hackmatack, larch, Montana larch,

mountain larch, tamarack, western tamarack.

RANGE.—^Western Montana and northern and western Idaho to

southeastern British Columbia, central Washington, and northern

and northeastern Oregon.

Laurocerasus Duhamel, see Prunus L.

Leitneria Chapm. (Family Leitneriaceae) corkwood

•fLeitneria Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. 427. 1860.

DERIVATION.—In memory of E. F. Leitner, German naturalist

who was killed in Florida during the Seminóle War.

Leitneria floridana Chapm. fcorkwood

"^Leitneria floridana Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. 428. 1860.

DERIVATION.—Of Florida, where it was discovered.

RANGE.—Rare and local in coastal plain in southeastern

Georgia, northwestern Florida, southeastern Texas, southeastern

and northeastern Arkansas, and southeastern Missouri.

Lepargyrea Raf., see Shepherdia Nutt.

Leucaena Benth. (Family Leguminosae) leadtree

-fLeucaena Benth., Hook. Jour. Bot. 4: 416. 1842.

Caudoleucaena Britton & Rose, No. Amer. Fl. 23: 130. 1928.

RyncholeucaeTia Britton & Rose, No. Amer. Fl. 23: 130.

1928.

DERIVATION.—From Greek leukainein, to whiten, referring to

the color of the flowers.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 225

REFERENCE.—Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Rose, Joseph Nelson.

Leucaena. Ryncholeucaena. Caudoleucaena. No. Amer. Fl. 23:

121^131. 1928.

LEUCAENA GLAUCA (L.) Benth. LEADTREE

Mimosa glauca L., Sp. PI. 520. 1753.

Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth., Hook. Jour. Bot. 4: 416. 1842.

DERIVATION.—Glaucous, or covered with a bloom, from the

pale green foliage.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^white-popinac leadtree (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys, and southern Texas. Also in West Indies, Mexico, Central America, and

South America.

Mentioned in a note in the 1927 Check List. Generally shrubby and

naturalized rather than native in the United States.

Leucaena greggii S. Wats. Gregg leadtree

iLeucaena greggii S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc.

23:272. 1888.

Ryncholeucaena greggii (S. Wats.) Britton & Rose, No.

Amer. Fl. 23: 130. 1928.

DERIVATION.—In commemoration of Josiah Gregg (1806-50),

American explorer and trader who collected a specimen of this

species in northern Mexico in 1847.

RANGE.—Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico (Nuevo

León and Coahuila).

Leucaena pulverulenta (Schlecht.) Benth. great leadtree

Acacia pulverulenta Schlecht., Linnaea 12: 571. 1838.

fLeucaena pulverulenta (Schlecht.) Benth., Hook. Jour. Bot.

4: 417. 1842.

DERIVATION.—Pulverulent, or powdered, referring to the dusty

appearance of the foliage.

RANGE.—Extreme southern Texas and northeastern and eastern

Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz).

Leucaena retusa Benth. littleleaf leadtree

iLeucaena retusa Benth. in A. Gray, PL Wright. 1: 64. 1852.

Caudoleucaena retusa (Benth.) Britton & Rose, No. Amer.

Fl. 23: 131. 1928.

DERIVATION.—^Retuse, with a shallow notch at a rounded apex,

in reference to the leaflets.

RANGE.—Southern Texas to Edwards Plateau and Trans-Pecos

Texas and southern New Mexico.

Libocedrus Endl. (Family Pinaceae) incense-cedar

iLibocedrus Endl., Synops. Conif. 42. 1847.

Heyderia E. Koch, Dendrol. 2(2) : 177. 1873.

DERIVATION.—^From Greek, drop or tear, and Cedrus, cedar,

referring to the trickling of resin.
226 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 Ü. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

*Libocedrus decurrens Torr. fincense-cedar

-fLibocedrus decurrens Torr., Smithsn. Inst. Contrib. Knowl.

5(1) [6(2)] (Plant. Fremont.) : 7, pi. 3. 1853 (Apr.),

Thuja craigana Grev. & Balf. in A. Murr., Bot. Exped. Ore.

[Rpt. No. 8] 2, No. 750. [1853, before Oct. 15.]

Heyderia decurrens (Torr.) K. Koch, Dendrol. 2(2): 179.

1873.

DERIVATION.—Decurrent, the scale leaves running down the

twig.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—California incense-cedar (SPN).

RANGE.—^Mountains from western Oregon south in higher

Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada to southern California and to

western Nevada. Also in Lower California, Mexico.

Licaria Aubl. (Family Lauraceae) licaria

Licaria Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane Franc. 1: 313, pi. 121. 1775.

iMisanteca Schiede & Deppe ex Schlecht. & Cham., Linnaea

6: 367. 1831.

Acrodiclidium Nees, PL Laurin. Sec. 13. 1833.

The older name Licaria, formerly rejected as of uncertain application,

has been identified with this genus, replacing Misanteca,

DERIVATION.—From the Carib name licari kanali used in French

Guiana.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^misanteca.

REFERENCE.—Kostermans, A. J. G. H. Revision of the Lauraceae II. The genera Endlicheria, Cryptocarya (American

species) and Licaria. Rec. des Trav. Bot. Néerland. 34: 500-

609. 1937.

Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm. Gulf licaria

Lauras triandra Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. Prodr. 65. 1788.

iMisanteca triandra (Sw.) Mez, Berlin K. Bot. Gart. u. Mus.

Jahrb. 5: 103. 1889.

Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm., Rec. des Trav. Bot. Néerland. 34:588. 1937.

Acrodiclidium triandrum (Sw.) Lundell, Mich. Univ.

Herbarium Contrib. 7: 12. 1942.

DERIVATION.—Three stamens.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Gulf misanteca.

RANGE.—^Very rare and local at Miami (Dade County) in

southern Florida. Also in West Indies.

Two trees of this West Indian species were first discovered in the United

States in 1910, according to Sargent (Trees and Shrubs 2: 136, pi. 155.

1911). SmaU (Man. Southeast. Fl. 924. 1933) reported that the trees

probably had been destroyed as a result of real estate developments. However, ViTalter M. Buswell (Miami (Pia.) Univ. Bui. 19(6): 18. 1946)

stated later that a few trees were left in Brickell hammock at Miami. In

a letter Dec. 30, 1946, he mentioned having found about 25 trees at one

place in Miami but predicted they would soon be cut and replaced by houses.

LIGUSTRUM L. (Family Oleaceae) PRIVET

Ligustrum L., Sp. PL 7. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 8. 1754.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 227

DERIVATION.—^The classical Latin name of Ligustrum vulgäre

L., European privet.

This introduced genus was not in the 1927 Check List. Resides

Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk., which is accepted here, other mostly shrubby

species have been recorded as escaping from cultivation and may eventually

be found as naturalized trees. Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 1042-1043.

1933) reported that Ligustrum lucidum Ait. f., glossy privet, a shrub or

small tree native of China and Japan and cultivated in southeastern United

States, is occasionally spontaneous about towns on the coasts of North

Carolina and Louisiana. Ligustrum vulgäre L., European pnvet, of

Europe, has escaped from cultivation in eastern United States and is

naturalized locally as a shrub, though becoming a small tree in cultivation.

LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM Hassk. CALIFORNIA PRIVET

Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk., Cat. PI. Hort. Bot. Bogor.

Alt. 119. 1844.

DERIVATION.—Oval-leaved.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation, Florida to Texas, according

to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 1042. 1933). Listed by Fernald

(Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 1151. 1950) as naturalized in northeastern States. Native of Japan. A shrub or small tree.

Liquidambar L. (Family Hamamelidaceae) sweetgiim

fLiquidambar L., Sp. PL 999. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 434.

1754.

DERIVATION.—From Latin, liquid and amber, in reference to

the fragrant resin.

*Liquidambar styraciflua L. sweetgum

^Liquidambar styraciflua L., Sp. PL 999. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Old name of this genus meaning styrax- (or

storax-) flowing, alluding to the production of medicinal storax,

which is from Liquidambar orientalis Mill, of western Asia and

from this species.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^American sweetgum (SPN), bilsted,

tredgum (lumber), sapgum (lumber).

RANGE.—Connecticut and southeastern New York to Virginia,

West Virginia, southern Ohio, southern Illinois, southeastern

Missouri, Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma, south to eastern

Texas and central Florida. Also in northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas) and from central Mexico (Veracruz and Hidalgo to Oaxaca

and Chiapas) southward in Central America to Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

Liriodendron L. (Family Magnoliaceae) yellow-poplar

"^Liriodethdron L., Sp. PL 535. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 239.

1754; as ''Liriodendrum."

DERIVATION.—From Greek, lily and tree, because of the showy,

"lilylike" (or, better, tuliplike or magnolialike) flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^tuliptree (SPN).

Liriodendron tulipifera L. fyellow-poplar

^Liriodendron tulipifera L., Sp. PL 535. 1753.
228 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—Old generic name meaning tulip-bearing.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^tuliptree (SPN), "poplar," tulippoplar, white-poplar, whitewood.

RANGE.—Massachusetts and southern Vermont to New York,

extreme southern Ontario, and southern Michigan, south to

Indiana, southern Illinois, southeastern Missouri, eastern Arkansas, and Louisiana, and east to central Florida.

Lithocarpus Blume (Family Fagaceae) tanoak

iLithocarpus Blume, Bijr. Fl. Ned. Indie 526. 1825.

Synaedrys LindL, Nat. Syst. Bot. Ed. 2, 441. 1836.

Balanaulax Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 28. 1838.

Arcaula Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 30. 1838.

Pasania (Miq.) Oerst, Kjoeb. Vidensk. Meddel. 1866: 81.

1867.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, stone and fruit, in allusion to the

hard acorns.

REFERENCE.—Rehder, Alfred, and Wilson, E. H. In Sargent,

C. S. Plantae Wilsonianae 3: 205. 1916.

*Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Am.) Rehd. ftanoak

Quercus densiftora Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech Voy. 391. 1840.

Pasania densiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Oerst., Kjoeb. Vidensk.

Meddel. 1866: 83. 1867.

fLithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. in Bailey,

Standard Cyclop. Hort. 6: 3569. 1917; as "densiflora."

DERIVATION.—^Densely flowered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^tanbark-oak.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oregon and south to southern California, mostly near coast but also in Sierra Nevada.

Lúcuma campechiana H. B. K., see Pouteria campechiana (H. B.

K.) Baehni

Lyonia Nutt. (Family Ericaceae) lyonîa

IfLyonia Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PI. 1: 266. 1818; nomen

conservandum. Not Lyonia Raf., Med. Repos. 11 (Ser. 2,

V. 5) : 353. 1808. Not Lyonia EH., Sketch Bot. S.-C. Ga.

1: 36. 1817.

Xolisma Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. 4: 193. 1819; nomen

rejiciendum.

DERIVATION.—Named for John Lyon (17—?-1818), early

American botanist and explorer of the southern Appalachians,

who introduced many plants into England.

Lyonia ferruginea Nutt. tree lyonia

Andromeda ferruginea Walt., Fl. Carol. 138. 1788.

Andromeda ferruginea var, a arborescens Michx., Fl. Bor.-

Amer. 1:252. 1803.

fLyonia ferruginea Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PI. 1: 266. 1818.

Xolisma ferruginea (Walt.) Heller, Cat. No. Amer. PI. 6.

1898.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 229

Lyonia ferruginea var. arborescens (Michx.) Rehd. in Bailey

& Miller, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 960. 1900.

DERIVATION.—Ferrugineons, or rusty colored, describing the

lower surfaces of the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—stagger-bush, titi.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain of South Carolina and Georgia to central and northwestern Florida. This or closely related species

occur also in West Indies and Mexico.

Lyonothamnus A. Gray (Family Rosaceae) Lyontree

^Lyonothamnus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc.

20: 291. 1885.

DERIVATION.—^Lyon's shrub, in honor of its discoverer, William

Scrugham Lyon (1852-1916), American horticulturist and

forester who collected plants on Santa Catalina Island in 1884-85.

Lyonothamnus floribundus A. Gray Lyontree

^Lyonothamnus floribundus A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sei. Proc. 20: 292. 1885.

Lyonothamnus asplenifolius Greene, Calif. Acad. Sei. Bul.

1:136. 1890.

Lyonothamnus floribundus var. asplenifolius (Greene)

Brandegee, Zoe 1: 136. 1890.

DERIVATION.—^Abounding in flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Catalina-ironwood, lyonothamnus,

Santa-Cruz-ironwood.

RANGE.—Santa Catalina, San Clemente, Santa Cruz, and Santa

Rosa Islands off the southern coast of California.

Lysiloma Benth. (Family Leguminosae) lysiloma

^Lysiloma Benth., Hook. London Jour. Bot. 3: 82. 1844.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, loosing and border, in reference to

the separation of the sides of the pods from the borders at

maturity.

REFERENCE.—^Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Rose, Joseph Nelson.

Lysiloma. No. Amer. Fl. 23: 76-84. 1928.

Lysiloma bahamensis Benth. Bahama lysiloma

iLysiloma bahamensis Benth., Hook. London Jour. Bot, 3:

82. 1844.

DERIVATION.—Of the Bahama Islands, where it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fwild-tamarind.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies and Yucatán, Mexico.

At one time referred to Lysiloma latisqua (L.) Benth., sabicu lysiloma,

of the West Indies.

Lysiloma microphylla Benth. (Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 83. 1844;

fL. watsonii Rose; L. thornberi Britton & Rose), littleleaf

lysiloma, is a very rare native shrub less than 10 feet high at two

localities in southern Arizona. However, it becomes a small tree

to 15 feet high and 5 inches in trunk diameter when cultivated
230 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

in Arizona, though killed back by cold winters. It is also a small

tree southward in its range from northwestern to southern

Mexico and West Indies.

Madura Nutt. (Family Moraceae) Osage-orange

loxylon Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. and Crit. Rev. 2: 118.

1817; nomen rejiciendum.

Madura Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PL 2: 233. 1818; nomen

conservandum.

iToxylon Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. and Grit. Rev. 4: 188.

1818.

Joxylon Raf., Jour, de Phys. Ghim. Hist. Nat. Arts 89: 260.

1819; nomen rejiciendum.

DERIVATION.—In compliment to William Madure (1763-1840),

American geologist.

As Madura Nutt. has been conserved for this genus under the International Code, it replaces Toxylon Raf. of the 1927 Check List.

*Maclura pomífera (Raf.) Schneid. fOsage-orange

loxylon pomiferum Raf., Amer. Month. Mag. and Crit. Rev.

2: 118. 1817.

^Toxylon pomiferum Raf. ex Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 7: 89,

pis. 322, 323. 1895.

Madura pomífera (Raf.) Schneid., Illus. Handb. Laubholzk.

1: 806. 1906.

DERIVATION.—Bearing pomes or apples, in allusion to the large

ball fruits.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^bodark, bois-d'arc, bowwood, hedge,

mockorange.

RANGE.—Native of southern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma,

eastern Texas, and perhaps northwestern Louisiana, though the

original range is not accurately known and might have extended

to southeastern Kansas. Widely planted in eastern half of United

States except northern border and escaped and naturalized from

southern New England and New York to Michigan, Illinois, Iowa,

and eastern Kansas, south to Texas and Georgia. Also local in

southeastern Washington, Oregon, and perhaps elsewhere in West.

Magnolia L. (Family Magnoliaceae) magnolia

^Magnolia L., Sp. PL 535. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5,140. 1754.

Tulipastrum Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. Phanér. 7: 481. 1839.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Pierre Magnol (1638-1715), professor of medicine and director of the botanical garden at Montpellier, France.

Magnolia acuminata L. cucumbertree

Magnolia acuminata var. acuminata cucumbertree (typical)

Magnolia virginiana e acuminata L., Sp. PI. 536. 1753.

Magnolia acuminata L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1082. 1759.

Tulipastrum acuminatum (L.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S.

451, 1331. 1903.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 231

^Magnolia acuminata var. Ivdoviciana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67:

232. 1919.

Magnolia acuminata var. ozarkensis Ashe, Elisha Mitchell

Sei. Soc. Jour. 41: 269. 1926.

Tulipastrum acuminatum var. ludovicianum (Sarg.) Ashe,

Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 55: 464. 1928.

Tulipastrum acuminatum var. ozarkense (Ashe) Ashe,

Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 55: 464. 1928.

Magnolia acuminata var. alabamensis Ashe, Torreya 31: 37.

1931.

Magnolia acuminata aurea (Ashe) Ashe, Torreya 31: 38.

1931.

DERIVATION.—^Acuminate, referring to the pointed leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cucumbertree magnolia (SPN),

fcucumber magnolia, mountain magnolia.

RANGE.—^Western New York to extreme southern Ontario,

Ohio, southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and southern Missouri,

south to southeastern Oklahoma and Louisiana, east to Georgia,

and north in mountains to Pennsylvania.

Ashe (Torreya 31: 37-39. 1931) recognized in addition to the typical

variety of this species four varieties cited above and published a key to

them. They differed slightly in pubescence of leaves and twigs and by

color and size of flowers.

Magnolia acuminata var. cordata (Michx.) Sarg.

yellow cucumbertree

iMagnolia cordata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 328. 1803.

Magnolia acuminata var. cordata (Michx.) Sarg., Amer.

Jour. Sei. 132: 473. 1886.

Tulipastrum cordatum (Michx.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S.

451, 1331. 1903.

Tulipastrum acuminatum atireum Ashe, Charleston Mus.

Bul. 13:28. 1917.

Magnolia acuminata aurea (Ashe) Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei.

Soc. Jour. 34: 137. 1918; nomen provisorium.

DERIVATION.—Cordate, or heart-shaped, of doubtful application.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^yellow cucumbertree magnolia

(SPN), tyellow-flower magnolia.

RANGE.—Central North Carolina to central South Carolina

and central Georgia. Rare and local.

REFERENCE.—Coker, W. C. Magnolia cordata Michaux. Elisha

Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 59: 81-88, illus. 1943.

Magnolia ashei Weatherby Ashe magnolia

iMagnolia ashei Weatherby, Rhodora 28: 35. 1926.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, William Willard Ashe

(1872-1932), of the United States Forest Service.

RANGE.—Northweste<ii Florida and in eastern Texas.

Closely related to Maffiiolia maerophylla Michx., from which it was

segregated.

Magnolid australis Aôhe, see M. virginiana L.
232 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Magnolia cordata Michx., see M. acuminata var. cordata (Michx.)

Sarg.

Magnolia foetida (L.) Sarg., see M. grandiflora L.

Magnolia fraseri Walt. Fraser magnolia

-^Magnolia fraseri Walt., Fl. Carol. 159, pi. 1788.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to John Fraser (1750-1811), Scotchman who introduced this and other North American plants to

Europe and who published the book containing its description.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—finountain magnolia, ear-leaf cucumbertree.

RANGE.—Mountains from western Virginia to southeastern

Kentucky, south to eastern Tennessee, northern Alabama, northern Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina.

Magnolia glauca L., see M. virginiana L.

*Magnolia grandiflora L. southern magnolia

Magnolia virginiana ß foetida L., Sp. PI. 536. 1753.

Magnolia grandiflora L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1082. 1759.

Magnolia foetida (L.) Sarg., Gard, and Forest 2: 615. 1889.

DERIVATION.—Large-flowered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^bull-bay, evergreen magnolia.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern North Carolina south

to central Florida and west to eastern Texas.

Magnolia macrophylla Michx. fbigleaf magnolia

^Magnolia macrophylla Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 327. 1803.

DERIVATION.—Long-leaved, or large-leaved, referring to the

largest simple leaves of all native trees except palms.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—large-leaf magnolia.

RANGE.—Rare and local from western North Carolina to central Kentucky, southwest to central Tennessee and Louisiana, and

east to Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, northwestern Florida, and

South Carolina. Also in southern Ohio (Jackson County).

Magnolia pyramidata Bartr. pyramid magnolia

^Magnolia pyramidata Bartr., Travels N. S. Car. Ga. Fla. 6,

408. 1791.

Magnolia pyramidata Bartr. ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:

382. 1814.

DERIVATION.—Pyramidal, from the shape of the crown.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—southern cucumbertree, fmountain

magnolia.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from South Carolina to Georgia, northwestern Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and southeastern

Louisiana.

REFERENCE.—Harper, Francis. Two more available plant

names of William Bartram. Bartonia 21: 6-8. 1942.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 233

Magnolia tripétala L. fumbrella magnolia

Magnolia virginiana S tripétala L., Sp. PI. 536. 1753.

Wagnolia tripétala L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1082. 1759.

DERIVATION.—With three petals.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—umbrella-tree.

RANGE.—Southern Pennsylvania to Ohio, central Kentucky, and

southern Indiana (Crawford County), south to central Tennessee,

northeastern Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. Also in central

and southwestern Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma.

*Magnolia virginiana L. fsweetbay

^Magnolia virginiana L., Sp. PI. 535. 1753.

Magnolia virginiana a glauca L., Sp. PI. 535. 1753.

Magnolia glauca L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 1082. 1759.

•^Magnolia virginiana var. australis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 231.

1919.

Magnolia virginiana var. parva Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

55: 464. 1928.

Magnolia australis Ashe, Torreya 31: 39. 1931.

Magnolia australis var. parva (Ashe) Ashe, Torreya 31: 39.

1931.

DERIVATION.—Of Virginia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—sweetbay magnolia (SPN), swampbay, southern sweetbay, magnolia (lumber), evergreen magnolia,

laurel magnolia, swamp magnolia.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, chiefly, from Long Island, New Jersey,

and eastern Pennsylvania, south to southern Florida and west

to eastern Texas, and north to southern Arkansas and southern

Tennessee. Also local in eastern Massachusetts.

Malachodendron Cav., see Stewartia L.

Malosma Nutt., see Rhns L.

Malus Mill. (Family Rosaceae) apple

P2/rî^ L., Sp. PI. 479. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 214. 1754;

in part.

"^Malus Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 2. 1754.

DERIVATION.^—The classical Latin name for apple.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—crab apple.

REFERENCES.—Bailey, L. H. The Pyrus-Malus puzzle. Gentes

Herbarum 8: 40-43, illus. 1949.

Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 45: 450-452. 1943.

Fernald, M. L. Minor transfers in Pyrus. Rhodora 49: 229-

233. 1947.

Rehder, Alfred. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 47-58. 1920.

Malus, like its relative Crataegus, is a taxonomically difficult genus with

numerous intergrading variations and hybrids for which many scientific

names have been given. In this conservative treatment varieties have not

been distinguished and specific names for minor variations have been

placed in synonymy.
234 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Malus baccata (L.) Borkh., Siberian crab apple, and Malus prunifolia

(Willd.) Borkh., pear-leaf apple, or Chinese apple, both introduced from

Asia, have escaped from cultivation in northeastern United States but

apparently are not naturalized.

Malus angustifoliâ (Ait.) Michx. southern crab apple

Pyrus angustifoliâ Ait., Hort. Kew. 2: 176. 1789.

iMalus angustifoliâ (Ait.) Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 292.

1803.

DERIVATION.—Narrow-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fnarrowleaf crab apple, wild crab.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from Maryland and southeastern Virginia to Georgia and northwestern Florida and west to Louisiana,

and northward to Arkansas, Tennessee, and southern Illinois.

Malus baccata (L.) Borkh., see note under Malus L.

Malus bracteata Rehd., see M. coronaria (L.) Mill.

Malus carolinensis Ashe, see M. coronaria (L.) Mill.

Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. fsweet crab apple

Pyrus coronaria L., Sp. PI. 480. 1753.

-fMalus coronaria (L.) Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Malu^ No.

2. 1768.

iMalus glaucescens Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 139,

pi. 157. 1911.

Malus lancifolia Rehd., in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 141,

pi. 158. 1911.

^Malus bracteata Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 230.

1913.

Malus fragrans Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 228.

1913.

Malus fragrans var. elongata Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and

Shrubs 2: 229. 1913.

^Malus coronaria var. elongata Rehd., Deut. Dendrol. Gesell.

Mitt. 23: 261. 1914.

Pyrus bracteata (Rehd.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 154. 1916.

Pyrus coronaria var. elongata (Rehd.) Bailey, Rhodora 18:

154. 1916.

Pyrus glaucescens (Rehd.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 154. 1916.

Py^^s lancifolia (Rehd.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 154. 1916.

Malus cuneata Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul. 12: 38. 1916.

Malus elongata (Rehd.) Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul. 12: 38.

1916.

Malus redolens Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul. 12: 39. 1916.

Pyrus elongata (Rehd.) Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

34: 139. 1918; later homonym.

Pyrus redolens (Ashe) Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

34:139. 1918.

Malus carolinensis Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul. 14: 10. 1918.

Malíis coronxirixi var. dasycalyx Rehd., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 2: 52. 1920.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 235

Malus elongata var. pubens Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club. Bui.

49: 368. 1922.

Pyrus coronaria var. fragrans (Rehd.) Farwell, Amer. Midland Nat. 11: 60. 1928.

Pyrus coronaria VBX. tomentella Farwell, Amer. Midland Nat.

11: 60. 1928.

Pyrus coronaria var. easycalyx (Rehd.) Fern., Rhodora 49 :

232. 1947.

Pyrus coronaria var. lancifolia (Rehd.) Fern., Rhodora 49:

232. 1947.

Besides the typical variety, Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed.

8, 759. 1950) accepted under the specific name Pyrus coronaria

L. two varieties which may merit recognition, var. dasycalyx

and var. lancifolia.

DERIVATION.—For a crown or wreath.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—wild sweet crab apple (SPN), fcrab

apple, wild crab, garland-tree.

RANGE.—Central New York and southern Ontario to Indiana,

Missouri, and eastern Kansas, and east to Tennessee, northern

Alabama, northern Georgia, western South Carolina, and North

Carolina.

Malus cuneata Ashe, see M. coronaria (L.) Mill.

Malus Xdawsoniana Rehd., see note under M. diversifolia (Bong.)

ßoem.

Malus diversifolia (Bong.) Boem. fOregon crab apple

Pyrus fusca Raf., Med. Fl. 2: 254. 1830 ; as ''fusea"; nomen

suhnudum.

Pyrus diversifolia Bong., Acad. Imp. Sei. St. Pétersbourg

Mém., Ser. 6, Sei. Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 133. 1832.

Pyrus rivularis Dougl. ex Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 203, pl.

68. [1834].

Pyrus rivularis ß levipes Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 2: 24.

1842. .

iMalus diversifolia (Bong.) Roem., Fam. Nat. Regn, Veg.

Synops. 3: 215. 1847.

Malus rivularis (Dougl.) Roem., Fam. Nat. Regn. Veg.

Synops. 3: 215. 1847.

Mahls fusca (Raf.) Schneid., Illus. Handb. Laubholzk. 1:

723, figs. 399d, 400Í-1. 1906.

Malus fusca var. levipes (Nutt.) Schneid., Illus. Handb.

Laubholzk. 1: 724. 1906.

This species has also been known as Malus fusca and Malus diversifolia

as well as under Pyrus. Malus fusca, though based upon the oldest name,

Pyrus fu>sca, is rejected here because the latter was very briefly and inadequately described.

DERIVATION.—Separated leaves, the leaves sometimes slightly

8-lobed.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Pacific crab apple, western crab

apple, wild crab apple.
236 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—^Pacific Coast region from southern Alaska (Prince

William Sound) southeast to southeastern Alaska and southward

near coast in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northwestern California.

-fMalus Xdawsoniana Rehd. (Malus diversifolia X pumila), fl^awson

crab apple, included in the 1927 Check List, apparently is not now known

in the wild state. It originated in cultivation from seed collected in Oregon.

Malus elongata (Rehd.) Ashe, see M. coronaria (L.) Mill.

Malus fragrans Rehd., see M. coronaria (L.) Mill.

Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid., see M. diversifolia (Bong.) Roem.

Malus glabrata Rehd. Biltmore crab apple

•^Malus glabrata Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 225,

pi. 188. 1913.

Pyrus glabrata (Rehd.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 154. 1916.

DERIVATION.—Glabrate, or becoming hairless, referring to the

foliage.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fcrab apple.

RANGE.—^Western North Carolina to Alabama.

Malus glaucescens Rehd., see M. coronaria (L.) Mill.

Malus ioensis (Wood) Britton prairie crab apple

Pyrus coronaria ß ioensis Wood, Class-book Bot Rev. Ed.,

333. 1861.

Pyrus ioensis (Wood) Bailey, Amer. Gard. 12: 473, figs. 7,

8. 1891.

^Malus ioensis (Wood) Britton in Britton & Brown, Illus.

Fl. North. States Canada 2: 235, fig. 1980. 1897.

^Malus ioensis var. palmeri Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs

2: 142. 1911.

-fMalus ioensis var. texana Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs

2: 142. 1911.

fMalus ioensis var. bushii Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs

2:232. 1913.

•fMalus ioensis var. creniserrata Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and

Shrubs 2: 231. 1913.

Malus ioensis var. spinosa Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs

2:231. 1913.

Pyrus ioensis var. bushii (Rehd.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 154.

1916.

Pyrus ioensis var. creniserrata (Rehd.) Bailey, Rhodora 18 :

154. 1916.

Pyrus ioensis var. palmeri (Rehd.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 154.

1916.

Pyrus ioensis var. texana (Rehd.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 154.

1916.

Pyrus ioensis var. spinosa (Rehd.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 154.

1916.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 237

DERIVATION.—Of Iowa, where it was first distinguished as a

variety.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fcrab apple, Iowa crab, prairie crab,

wild crab.

RANGE.—Indiana to Illinois, Wisconsin, and southeastern Minnesota, south to southeastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, central

Texas, east to Louisiana, and north to Missouri.

HYBRID.—Malus Xsoulardii (Bailey) Britton (M. ioensis X

pumila).

Malus lancifolia Rehd., see M. coronaria (L.) Mill.

Malus malus (L.) Britton, see M. PUMILA Mill.

Malus Xplatycarpa Rehd. bigfruit crab apple

Malus pumila X Malus spp. (Sect. Chloromeles).

-fMalus platycarpa Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 227,

pi. 189. 1913.

Malus coronaria var. hoopesii Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and

Shrubs 2: 142. 1911.

Malus platycarpa var. hoopesii (Rehd.) Rehd. in Sarg., Trees

and Shrubs 2: 227. 1913.

Pyrus platycarpa (Rehd.) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 154. 1916.

Malus platycarpa var. párvula Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

49: 268. 1922.

McVaugh concluded that most, if not all, of the plants previously referred

to Malus platycarpa and to var. hoopesii are of hybrid origin. He thought

that hybridization had taken place between cultivated apple, Malus pumila

Mill., and the native species of crab apples, Malus (Sect. Chloromeles),

occurring in the same region. Some authors have united Malus platycarpa

with Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.

DERIVATION.—Broad-fruited, in reference to the large fruits.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fcrab apple.

RANGE.—Recorded from Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West

Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, and southern Illinois, south to North

Carolina and Georgia.

REFERENCE.—McVaugh, Rogers. The status of certain anomalous native crabapples in eastern United States. Torrey Bot.

Club Bui. 70: 418-429, illus. 1943.

Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh., see note under Malus L.

MALUS PUMILA Mill. APPLE

Pyrus malus L., Sp. PI. 479. 1753.

-^Malus pumila Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Malus No. 3. 1768.

Malus malus (L.) Britton in Britton & Brown, Illus. Fl.

North. States Canada 2: 236, fig. 1982. 1897.

DERIVATION.—Dwarf.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—common apple (SPN), fwild apple.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized locally from

Nova Scotia to Quebec, southern Ontario, and other parts of Canada, in eastern United States from Maine west and southward,

and also in eastern Washington and northern Idaho. Native of

western Asia and Europe.
238 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

HYBRIDS.—Malus Xplatycarpa Rehd. (Malus pumila X Malus

spp., Sect. Chloromeles) ; Malus Xsoulardii (Bailey) Britten (M.

ioensis X pumila).

Malus redolens Ashe, see M. coronaria (L.) Mill.

Malus rivularis (Dougl.) Roem., see M, diversifolia (Bong.)

Roem.

Malus Xsoulardii (Bailey) Britten fSoulard crab apple

Malus ioensis X pumila

Pyrus soulardi Bailey, Amer. Gard. 12: 472, figs. 4-6. 1891.

iMalus soulardi (Bailey) Britten in Britten & Brown, lUus.

Fl. North. States Canada 2: 235, fig. 1981. 1897.

DERIVATION.—Named for James G. Seulard, who introduced

this species and Miner plum to horticulture.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Seulard crab.

RANGE.—Southeastern Minnesota to Missouri and eastern

Texas.

MANGIFERA L. (Family Anacardiaceae) MANGO

^Mangifera L., Sp. PL 200. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 93.

1754.

DERIVATION.—Bearing mangoes, from the Portuguese common

name of this popular tropical fruit.

MANGIFERA INDICA L. fMANGO

'^Mangifera indica L., Sp. PI. 200. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Of India.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—common mango (SPN).

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized in southern

Florida, including Florida Keys. Native of tropical Asia but

widely cultivated and naturalized in tropical regions.

Manilkara Adans., see Achras L.

Mastichodendron Cronquist, see Sideroxylon L.

Maytenus Molina (Family Celastraceae) mayten

-fMaytenus Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili 177. 1782.

DERIVATION.—From the Chilean name of one of the species.

Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth. guttapercha mayten

^Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth., Bet. Voy. Sulphur 54.

1844.

DERIVATION.—Like Phyllanthus, leaf-flower, a genus of Euphorbiaceae.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^maytenus.

RANGE.—Coasts of southern Florida, including Florida Keys,

and southeastern and southern Texas. Also in Cuba and in

Mexico (Lower California and Sonera to Yucatán) and Central

America.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 239

MBLALEUCA L. (Family Myrtaceae) MELALEUCA

Cajuputi Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 84. 1763; as "Caju puti";

nomen rejiciendum.

Melaleuca L., Mant. PL 1: 14. 1767 ; nomen conservandum.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, black and white, in allusion to the

black trunk and white branches of one species.

MELALEUCA LEUCADENDRON L. CAJEPüT-TREB

Myrtus leucadendron L. in L. & Stickman, Herbar. Amboin.

9. 1754; Amoen. Acad. 4: 120. 1759; as ''Leucadendra."

Melaleuca leucadendron L., Mant. PI. 1: 105. 1767; as

^'Leucadendra/^

DERIVATION.—^White tree, in reference to the thick whitish bark,

which separates into thin layers.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—punk-tree.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized in Everglades and swamps of southern Florida. Native from Burma

through Malayan Peninsula to Molucca Islands and also in

Australia. Planted and naturalized in tropical regions.

REFERENCE.—Merrill, E. D. Interpret. Rumph. Herb. Amboin.

402-403. 1917.

This species was recorded as naturalized in southern Florida by Small

(Man. Southeast. Fl. 938. 1933) adding a tree genus to the United States.

MELIA L. (Family Meliaceae) CHINABERRY

fMelia L., Sp. PL 384. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 182. 1754.

DERIVATION.—^A classical Greek name for the ash tree, and

transferred by Linnaeus to this genus.

MELIA AZEDARACH L, tCHINABERRY

iMelia azedarach L., Sp. PL 384. 1753.

fMelia azedarach umbraculifera G. W. Knox, Gard. Monthly

27: 260. 1885.

DERIVATION.—From the Persian name (azad dirakht, literally

"noble tree") for this species.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fumbrella chinaberry, chinatree,

pride-of-India, umbrella-tree.

RANGE.—Widely planted and escaped and naturalized in southeastern United States from southeastern Virginia to Florida and

west to southern and central Texas, and north to southeastern

Oklahoma, Arkansas, and western Tennessee. Sometimes escaping

in California. Native of Himalaya and perhaps elsewhere in Asia

but widely naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions.

Metopium P. Br. (Family Anacardiaceae) poisontree

fMetopium P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 177, pi. 13, fig.

3. 1756.

DERIVATION.—^A Latin word from Greek metopîon, literally

forehead, also reported to be the classical name of an African tree.

REFERENCE.—See under Rhus L.
240 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U, S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Metopium toxiferum (L.) Krug & Urban Florida poisontree

Amyris toxifera L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1000. 1759.

-fMetopium toxiferum (L.) Krug & Urban in Urban, Bot.

Jahrb. 21: 612. 1896.

DERIVATION.—Bearing poison, the sap causing skin irritation

similar to that produced by its relative poison-ivy.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fpoisonwood, West Indies poisontree.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.

The Florida tree has also been referred to Metopium brownei (Jacq.)

Urban (Rhus metopium L., Metopium metopium (L.) Small), a related

species of the West Indies, southeastern Mexico, and Central America.

Micropteryx Walp., see Erythrina L.

Mimusops L., see Achras L.

Misanteca Cham. & Schlecht., see Liearia Aubl.

Mohrodendron Britton, see Halesia Ellis

Morella Lour., see Myrica L.

MORINGA Lam. (Family Moringaceae) HORSERADISH-TREE

Woringa Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 398. 1785.

DERIVATION.—Reported to be the native Malabar name, cognate

with Tamil morunga and Singhalese murungha for the type

species, M. oleífera Lam.

MORINGA OLEíFERA Lam. fHORSERADiSH-TREB

Guilandina moringa L., Sp. PI. 381. 1753.

Moringa oleifera Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 398. 1785.

-ifMoringa pterygosperma Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. PL 2: 314, pi.

147, fig. 2. 1791. ^ , ^ .

Moringa moringa (L.) Millsp., Field Columb. Mus. Pub. Bot.

Ser. 1: 490. 1902.

DERIVATION.—Oil-bearing, the seeds yielding oil.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation in southern Florida, including Florida Keys, but perhaps not naturalized. Planted and

naturalized also in West Indies and from Mexico southward.

Native of East Indies, southeastern Asia, and India.

Moras L. (Family Moraceae) mulberry

Worus L., Sp. PL 986. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 424. 1754.

DERIVATION.—^The classical Latin name of mulberry.

MORUS ALBA L. tWHXTE MULBERRY

fMorus alba L., Sp. PI. 986. 1753.

DERIVATION.—White, referring to the fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—silkworm mulberry.

RANGE.—^Widely planted in eastern United States and escaped

and naturalized from New York to Indiana, Missouri, and Kansas,
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 241

south to central Texas and Georgia. Also in southeastern Washington, Native of China.

A common form of this species is Russian mulberry, Moras alha f. tar-^

tarica Seringe,

Morus microphylla Buckl. Texas mulberry

iMorus microphylla Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 1862

[v. 14] : 8. 1862.

DERIVATION.—Small-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Mexican mulberry, mountain mulberry, baya.

RANGE.—Central Texas west to Edwards Plateau and TransPecos Texas, southern New Mexico, and southern and central

Arizona. Also in northern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua to

Durango).

Closely related to Morus celtidifolia H. B. K., of Mexico to Peru, and has

been united with that species.

MORUS NIGRA L. IBLACK MULBERRY

-fMorus nigra L., Sp. PI. 986. 1753.

DERIVATION.—^Black, the color of its fruit.

RANGE.—^Naturalized in southeastern United States from

Florida to Texas and escaped from cultivation northward in eastern United States. Native of western Asia.

Morus rubra L. fred mulberry

•fMorus rubra L., Sp. PI. 986. 1753.

Morus tomentosa Raf., Fl. Ludovic. 113. 1817.

Morus rubra ß tomentosa (Raf.) Bur. in A. DC, Prodr. 17:

246. 1873.

DERIVATION.—^Red, the color of the ripe fruits.

RANGE.—Massachusetts and Vermont to New York, extreme

southern Ontario, southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin, southeastern Minnesota, and southeastern Nebraska, south to central

Kansas, western Oklahoma, and central Texas, and east to southern Florida.

Mosiera Small, see Eugenia L.

Myrica L. (Family Myricaceae) bayberry

tMyrica L., Sp. PI. 1024. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 449. 1754.

Morella Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 548. 1790.

Cerothamnus Tidestr., Elysium Marianum 40, pl. 10. 1910.

DERIVATION.—The Latin name (from Greek murike) for

tamarisk, Tamarix, and arbitrarily transferred by Linnaeus to

this unrelated and dissimilar genus.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^waxmyrtle.

REFERENCE.—^Youngken, Heber Wilkinson. The comparative

morphology, taxonomy, and distribution of the Myricaceae of the

eastern United States, Pa. Univ. Bot. Lab. Contrib. 4: 339-400,

illus. 1919.
242 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Myrica califomica Cham. Pacific bayberry

iMyrica calif omica Cham., Linnaea 6: 535. 1831.

DERIVATION.—Of California, first collected at San Francisco.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fPacific waxmyrtle (SPN), western

waxmyrtle.

RANGE.^—Pacific coast region near coast, from western Washington south to western Oregon and southern California.

Myrica cerífera L. southern bayberry

Wyrica cerífera L., Sp. PI. 1024. 1753.

Morelhb cerífera (L.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 337, 1329.

1903.

Cerothamnus ceríferas (L.) Small, Fl. Miami 61, 200. 1913.

DERIVATION.—Bearing wax, the fruits having waxy coats and

used in making candles.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^bayberry, candle-berry, fwaxmyrtle,

southern waxmyrtle (SPN).

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern New Jersey to southern

Florida, west to eastern Texas, and north to southeastern Oklahoma and Arkansas. Also in Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. The same or a closely related species is

found also in Mexico and Central America.

Myrica Xmacfarlanei Youngken (Myrica cerífera X pensylvanica), Macfarlane waxmyrtle, a hybrid described from New Jersey, apparently is a

shrub and not known to reach tree size.

Myrica curtissi Chev., see M. heterophylla Raf.

Myrica heterophylla Raf. evergreen bayberry

Myrica heterophylla Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 9. 1838; as

"heterophyla/^

Myríca curtissi Chev., Soc. Sei. Nat. Cherbourg Mém. 32:

269. 1901.

Myrica heterophylla var. curtissi (Chev.) Fern., Rhodora 40:

410. 1938.

DERIVATION.—^With different or variable leaves.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern New Jersey and Virginia

to Florida and Louisiana,

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 40: 409-410. 1938.

This species, which was restored by Fernald in 1938, is a shrub or small

tree to 16 feet high, according to Rehd. (Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs Ed. 2,

113, 1940) and Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 624. 1950).

Myrica modora Bartr. odorless bayberry

-fMyrica inodora Bartr., Travels N. S. Car. Ga. Fla. 405.

1791.

Morella inodora (Bartr.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 337,

1329. 1903.

Cerothamnus inodoras (Bartr.) Small, Fla. Trees 12, 102.

1913.

DERIVATION.—Odorless, the plant not aromatic as in related

species.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 248

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—ordorless waxmyrtle (SPN), fwaxmyrtle.

KANGE.—Coastal Plain from northwestern Florida to Mississippi and southeastern Louisiana.

Myrica pensylvanica Loisel. northern bayberry

Myrica pensylvanica Loisel. in Du Hamel, Traité Arb. Arbust

Ed. 2, 2: 190, pi. 55. 1804.

DERIVATION.—Of Pennsylvania.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^bayberry, candle-berry.

RANGE.—Near coast, chiefly, from Newfoundland and Nova

Scotia to New York and North Carolina, and locally to Ohio.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 37: 423. 1935.

Commonly a low shrub but rarely al tree to 15 feet high, according to

Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 624. 1950). It was referred to Myriea

earoliniensis Mill, until 1935, when Fernald showed t^at the latter was a

S3monym of M, cerífera L.

Nectandra Roland. (Family Lauraceae) tiectandra

Nectandra Roland, ex Rottboell, Univ. Hafn. Acta Litt. 1:

279. 1778 ; nomen conservandum. Not Nectandra Berg.,

Descr. Fl. Cap. 131. 1767; nomen rejiciendum.

Porostema Schreb., Gen. PI. 2: 517. 1791.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, nectar and stamens.

iOcotea Auhl. (Hist. PI. Guiane Franc. 2: 780, pi. 310. 1775) was accepted

for this genus and its single native species in the 1927 Check List and by

Sargent (Man. Trees No. Amer. Ed, 2, corr. 859-360, fig. 323. 1926).

However, authorities on the family Lauraceae now regard Nectandra

Roland, as a segregate genus, even though the differences seem minor and

partly artificial.

Nectandra coriácea (Sw.) Griseb. Jamaica nectandra

Lauras coriácea Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. Prodr. 65. 1788.

Lauras catesbyana Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 244. 1803.

Nectandra coriácea (Sw.) Griseb., FL Brit. West. Ind. 281.

1860.

iOcotea catesbyana (Michx.) Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 7: 11,

pi. 303. 1895.

Ocotea coriácea (Sw.) Britton in Britton & Millsp., Bahama

Fl. 143. 1920.

DERIVATION.—Leathery, referring to the thick evergreen leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Jamaica ocotea (SPN), flancewood.

RANGE.—Southern Florida north on east coast to Cape

Canaveral and on Florida Keys. Also in West Indies.

Negundo Ludw. & Boehm., see Acer L.

Neostyvhonia^lciSiÎBV, see Rhus L.

NERIUM L. (Family Apocsmaceae) OLEANDER

Werium L., Sp. PI. 209. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 99. 1754.

DERIVATION.—Latinized from the classical Greek nèrùm,

oleandei^
244 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

REFERENCE.—Woodson, Robert Everard, Jr. Nerium. No.

Amer. Fl. 29: 164-165. 1938.

NERIUM OLEANDER L. íOLEANDER

fNerium oleander L., Sp. PI. 209. 1753.

DERIVATION.—From the medieval Latin and French common

name, referring to the resemblance of the leaves to olive.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—common oleander (SPN).

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized from

Florida to southeastern and southern Texas. Planted in tropical

and subtropical regions of the world. Native of the Mediterranean region and the Orient.

Nicotiana L. (Family Solanaceae) tobacco

Nicotiana L., Sp. PI. 180. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 84. 1754.

DERIVATION.—Named for Jean Nicot (1530-1600), French

ambassador to Portugal, who introduced tobacco into France in

1560.

NICOTIANA GLAUCA Graham TREE TOBACCO

Nicotiana glauca Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Jour. 1828 [v.

5]: 175. 1828. Also Curt. Bot. Mag. 55: No. 2837, pi.

2837. 1828 (July 1).

DERIVATION.—Glaucous, or covered with a bloom, in reference

to blue-green foliage and branches.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—sacred-mustard, tronadora.

RANGE.—Naturalized in Florida and from southern to TransPecos Texas west to southern New Mexico, southern and central

Arizona, and southern and central California. Native of Argentina and Chile but extensively ixaturalized in the New World

and Old World tropics.

This naturalized species is a shrub or smaU tree reaching 15 to 20 feet

in height. Though not in the 1927 Check List, Nicotiana is represented also

by native species of herbs and shrubs.

Nolina Michx. (Family Liliaceae) nolina

Nolina Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 207. 1803.

DERIVATION.—In honor of P. C. Nolin, French author of an

essay on agriculture in 1755 and grower of American plants.

This genus of coarse, grasslike plants mostly without erect stems and

formerly not recorded among the native trees is now known to have one

native species of tree size.

Nolina bigelovii (Torr.) S. Wats. Bigelow nolina

Dasylirion bigelovii Torr, in U. S. Rpts. Expl. Surv. Miss.

Pacif. 4(5): 151. 1857.

Nolina bigelovii (Torr.) S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei.

Proc. 14: 247. 1879.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, John Milton Bigelow

(1804-78), American physician and botanist, who made large

plant collections in the Southwest on Government surveys from

1850 to 1854.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 245

RANGE.—^Western Arizona, southern California, and adjacent

Mexico (Lower California and Sonora).

NoUna higelovii is described in manuals as a shrub with a trunk 3 to 6

feet high and formerly was not known to reach tree size. However, Leslie

N. Goodding in 1940 reported his discovery in Tinajas Altas Mountains of

Yuma County, southwestern Arizona, of small trees up to 15 feet in height

with massive unbranched trunks 2 to 3 feet in diameter bearing leaves at

the top. Accordingly, this species was accepted as a tree by Little (Southwest. Trees. U. S. Dept. Agr. Handb. 9: 30-31, fig. 1950).

James E. Cole in 1945 recorded also trees of this species reaching the

same size at Joshua Tree National Monument near Twentynine Palms

in southern California Though the average size there is about 10 feet in

height, not including flower stalks 4 to 8 feet long, and 2 feet in trunk

diameter, many trees are larger.

Nyssa L. (Family Comaceae) túpelo

Nyssa L., Sp. PI. 1058. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 478. 1754.

DERIVATION.—^The name of a water nymph, so called because

the original species, Nyssa aqiuitica L., water túpelo, grows in

water.

REFERENCE.—Rickett, Harold William. Nyssaceae. No. Amer.

F1.28B: 313-316. 1945.

Some authors place this genus in a separate family, Nyssaceae.

*Nyssa aquatica L. water túpelo

Nyssa aquatica L., Sp. PI. 1058. 1753 ; in part.

Nyssa uniflora Wangenh., Betyr. Teutsch. Forstwiss.

Nordamer. Holz. 83, pi. 27, fig. 57. 1787.

Eickett (No. Amer. Fl. 28B: 313, 315. 1945) has rejected Nyssa

aquatica L. as nomen confuswm based upon two species and has taken up

N. uniflora Wangenh. as the name of this species.

DERIVATION.—^Aquatic, from its habitat in swamps.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cotton-gum, sour-gum, túpelo, swamp

túpelo, tupelo-gum.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to northern

Florida and southeastern Texas, and north in Mississippi Valley

to eastern Arkansas, southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois,

western Kentucky, and western Tennessee.

*Nyssa ogeche Bartr. Ogeechee túpelo

Nyssa ogeche Bartr. ex Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 97. 1785.

DERIVATION.—From Ogeechee River in Georgia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Ogeechee-lime, sour túpelo, sour

tupelo-gum.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain in southeastern South Carolina, Georgia,

and northern and northwestern Florida.

*Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. black túpelo; blackgum

Nyssa sylvatica var. sylvatica black túpelo (typical)

Nyssa aquatica L., Sp. PL 1058. 1753 ; in part.

Nyssa sylvatica Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 97. 1785.

Nyssa caroliniana Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 4: 507.

1797.
246 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT, OF AGRICULTURE

Nyssa sylvatica var. caroliniana (Poir.) Fern., Rhodora 37:

436, pi. 400. 1935.

Nyssa sylvatica var. dilatata Fern., Rhodora 37: 436, pi.

399. 1935.

DERIVATION,—Of the woods.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^pepperidge, sour-gum, túpelo, túpelogum.

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine west to New York, extreme

southern Ontario, central Michigan, Illinois, and central Missouri,

south to eastern Oklahoma, eastern Texas, and northern Florida.

Also southeastern Wisconsin, perhaps now extinct. Local in

central and southern Mexico (Hidalgo, Pueblo, and Chiapas).

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. The varieties of Nyssa sylvatica

(Plates 397-400). Rhodora 37: 433--437, illus. 1935.

Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Walt.) Sarg.

swamp túpelo; blackgum

Nyssa biflora Walt., Fl. Carol. 253. 1788.

Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora (Walt.) Sarg., Sylva No. Amer.

5: 76, pi. 218. 1893.

DERIVATION.—Two-flowered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—swamp black túpelo (SPN), swamp

blackgum.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, chiefly, from Delaware, eastern Maryland, and southeastern Virginia south to southern Florida and

eastern Texas, and north to western and southern Tennessee.

Nyssa ursina Small bear túpelo

Nyssa ursina Small, Torreya 27: 92. 1927.

DERIVATION.—Of bears; from the report that bears eat large

quantities of the fruit in fall and winter.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—bear-gum.

RANGE.—Northwestern Florida (Appalachicola River delta).

A much-branched shrub or sometimes a small tree with a trunk up to

4 inches in diameter.

Ocotea Aubl, see note underNectandra Roland.

Olneya A. Gray (Family Leguminosae) tesota

•fOlneya A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Mem., New Ser.

5: 328. 1855.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Stephen Thayer OIney (1812-78),

businessman and botanist of Rhode Island.

Olneya tesota A. Gray ftesota

IfOlneya tesota A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Mem.,

New Ser. 5: 328. 1855.

DERIVATION.—The Indian name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^Arizona-ironwood, desert-ironwood,

palo de hierro, palo fierro.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 247

RANGE.—Southern and southwestern Arizona and southeastern California. Also in northwestern Mexico (Lower California

and Sonora).

Opuntia Mill. (Family Cactaceae) pricklypear; cholla

-fOpuntia Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 2. 1754.

Brasthopuntia (K. Schum.) Berger, Entwickl. Kakt. 17, 18,

94, 100. 1926.

Cylindropuntia (Engelm.) Knuth in Backeberg & Knuth.

Kaktus-ABC 117, 410. 1935.

DERIVATION.—Old Latin name of some plant which grew near

Opus, a town in Greece.

REFERENCE.—Benson, Lyman. The cacti of Arizona. Ed. 2,

134 pp., illus. 1950. Opuntia, pp. 15-66, illus.

A few of the larger species of Opuntia may be classed as trees. Division

between shrubs and trees in this genus is not sharp, and many additional

native species are shrubs.

The two species listed next below have been recorded as trees but scarcely

meet the raised minimum size limits and have a low-branching trunk. J.

i^'y. i^o^o?' ^"^^^ *^®® Opuntias of the United States. Bot. Gaz. 25: 119-

A x^^^°) recorded three Arizona species, Opuntia fulgida, O. spinosiar,

and O. versicolor, as trees. This reference may be the original source of

acceptance of these three species as trees by Sargent (Silva No. Amer. 14:

9-19, ilius. 1902; Man. Trees No. Amer. Ed. 2, corr. 759-763, illus. 1926)

and m the 1927 Check List. Opuntia fulgida dennîtely becomes a small tree

to 15 feet m height.

iOpuntia spinosior (Engelm.) Tourney (Bot. Gaz. 25: 119. 1898),

ftasajo, is usually less than 8 feet high but sometimes as much as 10

feet and treelike. Its range is southwestern New Mexico, southeastern and

central Arizona, and Sonora, Mexico.

iOpuntia versicolor Engelm. (ex Coult., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot,

Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 3: 452. 1896), staghorn cholla, or tchoUa,

IS usually less than 7 feet high but treelike and rarely 12 feet in height.

Its range is southern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico.

Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigel. (in Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts

and Sci. Proc. 3: 308. 1856), buckhorn cholla is commonly a shrub less

than 8 feet high but rarely to 15 feet in height with a short trunk and

treelike, according to Robert H. Peebles (Cact. and Succulent Jour. 9: 86.

1937). This and the two preceding species were included as trees by Little

(Southwest. Trees 92-95, figs. 1950). More information about individuals

of these species as trees is desired.

OPUNTIA BRASILIENSIS (Willd.) Haw. BRAZIL PRICKLYPEAR

Cactus brasiliensis Willd., Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. Sup. 33.

1813.

Opuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) Haw., Sup. PI. Succ. 79. 1819;

as ''braziliensisJ'

Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) Berger, Entwickl. Kakt.

94, 100. 1926.

DERIVATION.—Of Brazil.

RANGE.—Naturalized in southern Florida, including Florida

Keys, according to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 911. 1933).

Native of South America. An erect tree up to 16 feet high, with

a definite trunk.

OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA (L.) Mill. INDIANPIG

Cactus ficus-indica L., Sp. PI. 468. 1753; as ''Ficus indica."
248 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Opuntia ficus'indica (L.) Mill., Gard. Diet Ed. 8, Opuntia

No. 2. 1768; as 'Tiens Indica/*

DERIVATION.—Indianfig.

RANGE.—Naturalized from cultivated plants in Florida, according to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 911. 1933). Also escaped

from cultivation in southern California, according to Jepson (Man.

Fl. PI. Calif. 657. 1925), Munz (Man. South. Calif. Bot. 326.

1935), and Abrams (Illus. Fl. Pacif. States 3: 150, fig. 3318.

1951). Native locality unknown but doubtless originated from

prehistoric tropical American ancestors. Widely cultivated and

naturalized in tropical and subtropical countries.

Perhaps this species may be included as a tree, as it often becomes treelike and to 16 feet in height with a definite trunk.

Opuntia fulgida Engelm. jumping cholla

^Opuntia fulgida Engelm., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc.

3: 306. 1856.

Cylindropuntia fulgida (Engelm.) Knuth in Backeberg &

Knuth, Kaktus-ABC 126. 1935.

DERIVATION.—Shining.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Sonora jumping cholla (SPN),

fcholla.

RANGE.—Southern and western Arizona and northwestern

Mexico (Sonora and Sinaloa).

Opuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck (Hort. Dyck. 363. 1834),

mission pricklypear, is cultivated and has escaped from cultivation in southern California, according to Jepson (Man. Fl. PL

Calif. 657. 1925), Munz (Man. South. Calif. Bot. 326. 1935), and

Abrams (Illus. Fl. Pacif. States 3: 150, fig. 3317. 1951).

It is treelike with a distinct trunk and as much as 12 to 16 feet

high but apparently is not naturalized. This species is a cultivated

fruit tree of Mexico.

Oreodoxa Willd., see note under Roystonea O. F. Cook

Osmanthus Lour. (Family Oleaceae) osmanthus

iOsmanthus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 28. 1790.

Cartrema Raf., Sylva Tellur. 184. 1838.

Amarolea Small, Man. Southeast. Fl, 1043, 1507. 1933.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, odor and flower, referring to the

fragrant flowers.

Osmanthus americanus (L.) Benth. & Hook. f. fdevilwood

Olea americana L., Mant. PI. 1: 24. 1767.

-^Osmanthus americanus (L.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex A. Gray,

Synopt. Fl. No. Amer. 2(1) : 78. 1878.

Osmanthus floridanus Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. Ed. 2, Sup.

2, 693. 1892.

Amarolea americana (L.) Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 1043.

1933.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 249

Amarolea floridana (Chapm.) L. E. Arnold, Elisha Mitchell

Sei. See. Jour. 52: 86. 1936; without basonym. L. E.

Arnold ex Hill & Salisb., Index Kew. Sup. 10: 11. 1947.

DERIVATION.—American.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—devilwood osmanthus (SPN).

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to central

Florida and southeastern Louisiana.

Osmanthus megacarpus (Small) Small bigfruit osmanthus

Amarolea megacarpa Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 1043, 1507.

1933.

Osmanthus megacarpus (Small) Small, Man. Southeast. Fl.

1043. 1933; as '*megacarpa''; as synonym.

• Osmanthus megacarpus (Small) Small ex Little, Wash. Acad.

Sei. Jour. 33: 10. 1943.

DERIVATION.—Large-fruited.

RANGE.—Central Florida.

Osmaronia cerasiformis (Torr. & Gray) Greene (Pittonia 2:

191. 1891; family Rosaceae), osoberry, generally a severalstemmed shrub less than 10 feet high, rarely may become a small

tree as much as 15 feet in height. It was recorded as a small tree

by Abrams (Illus. Fl. Pacif. States 2: 469, fig. 2528. 1944) and

other authors. Its range is from southwestern British Columbia

and western Washington south to central California.

Ostrya Scop. (Family Betulaceae) hophornbeam

fOsir^a Scop., PI. Carn. 414. 1760.

DERIVATION.—Latinized from the Greek ostrua, a tree with very

hard wood, and very likely the related European hornbeam. Carpinus betulus L.

Ostrya knowltonii Cov. Knowlton hophornbeam

iOstrya knowltoni Cov., Gard, and Forest 7: 115, fig. 23.

1894.

Ostrya baileyi Rose, U. S. Nati. Mus. Contrib. U. S. Nati.

Herbarium 8: 293. 1905.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Frank Hall Knowlton

(1860-1926), American botanist and paleobotanist.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fwestern hophornbeam, ironwood.

RANGE.—Mountains and canyons of Trans-Pecos Texas, southeastern New Mexico, northern Arizona, and southeastern Utah.

Rare and local,

*Ostry vîrginîana (Mill.) K. Koch eastern hophornbeam

Carpinus virginiana Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Carpinus No.

4. 1768.

Ostrya virginica Willd. a glandulosa Spach, Ann. des Sei.

Nat. Bot., Ser. 2, 16: 246. 1841.

•fOstrya virginiana (Mill.) K Koch, Dendrol. 2(2) : 6. 1873.

iOstrya virginiana YSLV. glandulosa (Spach) Sarg., Bot. Gaz.

67:216. 1919.
250 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Ostrya virginiana var. lasia Fern., Rhodora 38: 414. 1936.

DERIVATION.—Of Virginia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—American hophornbeam (SPN), hornbeam, fhophornbeam, ironwood.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia to Maine, southern Quebec, Ontario,

northern Michigan, northern Minnesota, southern Manitoba, and

eastern North Dakota, south to Black Hills of South Dakota,

northwestern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and

eastern Texas, and east to northern Florida. Also in northern

Mexico (Nuevo León to Sonora).

Oxydendrum DC. (Family Ericaceae) sourwood

fOxydendrum DC, Prodr. 7: 601. 1839.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, sour and tree, from the acid taste

of the leaves.

Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. fsourwood

Andromeda arbórea L., Sp. PL 394. 1753.

•fOxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC, Prodr. 7: 601. 1839.

DERIVATION.—Arboreal, its close relatives being shrubby.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—sorrel-tree.

RANGE.—New Jersey to southern Pennsylvania, southern Ohio,

southern Indiana, and southern Illinois, south to western Kentucky, western Tennessee, and southeastern Louisiana, and east

to northern Florida.

REFERENCE.—Baldwin, J. T., Jr. Cytogeography of Oxydendrum arboreum. Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 69: 134-136, illus. 1942.

Padus Mill., see Prunus L.

Papyrius Lam., see BROUSSONETIA L*Hér.

Pariti Adans., see Hibiscus L.

Parkinsonia L. (Family Leguminosae) parkinsonia

fParkinsonia L., Sp. PI. 375. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 177.

1754.

DERIVATION.—In commemoration of John Parkinson (1567-

1650), English botanist and herbahst to James I.

REFERENCES.— See under Cercidium Tulasne.

Parkinsonia L., see also Cercidium Tulasne

Parkinsonia aculeata L. Jerusalem-thorn

^Parkinsonia aculeata L., Sp. PI. 375. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Furnished with spines.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fhorsebean, paloverde, Mexican paloverde, retama.

RANGE.—Native in southern Texas and southwestern Arizona.

Naturalized in Florida and from eastern to central and TransPecos Texas. Also escaped from cultivation in southern New

Mexico, southern Arizona, and southern California. Native also
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 251

south through Mexico to Central America and South America.

Widely planted and naturalized in tropical regions.

Parosela Cav., see Dalea Juss.

Pasania (Miq.) Oerst., see Lithocarpus Blume

PAULOWNIA Sieb. & Zuce. (Family Bignoniaceae) PAULOWNIA

fPaulownm Sieb. & Zuce, Fl. Jap. 1: 25, pl. 10. 1835.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Anna Paulownia (1795-1865),

daughter of Czar Paul I of Russia and princess of the Netherlands,

and great grandmother of the present queen of that country.

Paulownia Sieb. & Zuce, is here regarded as a member of the family

Bignoniaceae, though until recently and in the 1927 Check List this genus

was placed in the family Scrophulariaceae as the only tree representative

of that family in the United States. The relationships of Paulownia are

more closely with the Bignoniaceae, according to some recent authors, including Britton (N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 21: 72-73. 1920), Campbell (Torrey

Bot. Club Bul. 57: 47-50, illus. 1930), and PenneU (Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila.

Monog. 1: 176. 1935). It may be noted that this species was originally

placed in the genus Bignonia in 1784.

PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA (Thunb.) Sieb & Zuce.

fROYAL PAULOWNIA

Bignonia tomentosa Thunb., Fl. laponica 252. 1784.

"^Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb & Zuce, ex Steud.,

Nom. Bot. Ed. 2, 2: 278. 1841.

DERIVATION.—Tomentose, or densely soft hairy.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—paulownia, princess-tree.

RANGE.—Cultivated and naturalized in eastern United States

from southern New York to West Virginia, southern Indiana,

southern Illinois, and eastern Missouri, and south to southern

Texas and northern Florida. Native of China.

Paurotis 0. F. Cook (Family Palmae) paurotis

iAcoelorraphe H. Wendl., Bot. Ztg. 37: 148. 1879; nomen

Provisorium without adequate description.

Paurotis 0. F. Cook in Northrop, Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 12:

21. 1902.

DERIVATION.—Unexplained.

REFERENCES.—Bailey, L. H. Acoelorraphe vs. Paurotis—Silversaw palm. Gentes Herbarum 4: 361-365, illus. 1940.

Small, John K. The saw-cabbage palm. The history and distriiDution of Paurotis wrightii. N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 23: 61-70,

illus. 1922. '

Acoelorraphe H. WendL, the generic name adopted in the 1927 Check

iiist, has been rejected by Bailey as a provisional name mentioned briefly

m a key without adequate description.

Paurotis wrightü (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) Britton paurotis

Copernicia wrightii Griseb. & H. Wendl. in Griseb., Cat. PI

Cub. 220. 1866.

Serenoa arborescens Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 27: 90. 1899.
252 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

fAcoelorraphe wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex

Becc, Webbia 2: 109. 1907.

fAcoelorravhe arborescens (Sarg.) Becc, Webbia 2: 113.

1907.

Paurotis wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) Britton in Britton

& Shafer, No. Amer. Trees 141, fig. 107. 1908.

DERIVATION.—From Charles Wright (1811-86), American

botanical collector, who discovered it in Cuba, while making extensive plant collections there.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—saw paurotis (SPN), saw-cabbagepalm.

RANGE.—Southern Florida at two localities. Also in Bahama

Islands and Cuba.

Persea Gaertn. f. (Family Lauraceae) persea

fPersea Mill, Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 3. 1754.

Borboma Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 1. 1754. Not

JBor&onm L., Sp. PI. 707. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 317. 1754.

Farnesia Heist, ex Fabricius, Enum. PI. Horti Med. Helmstad.

Ed. 2, 400. 1763 (nofseen) ; nomen rejiciendum.

Persea Gaertn. f., Sup. Carp. Fruct. Sem. PI. 3: 222, pi. 221.

1805; nomen conservandum.

TamaUiRat, Sylva Tellur. 136. 1838.

DERIVATION.—Ancient Greek name for an unidentified Egyptian

tree with fruit growing directly from the stem, later transferred

to this genus.

PERSEA AMERICANA Mill. fAvocADO

Lauras persea L., Sp. Pl. 370. 1753.

J^ersea americana Mili., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8. 1768.

fPersea gratissima Gaertn. f.. Sup. Carp. Fruct. Sem. PI.

3: 222, pl. 221. 1805.

Persea persea (L.) Cock., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 19: 95.

1892.

DERIVATION.—American.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^American avocado (SPN), alligatorpear.

RANGE.—Naturalized from cultivation in southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in West Indies, Mexico, Central

America, and South America. Native of tropical America, probíiVilv IVTPXîCO

REFERENCE.—Blake, S. F. A preliminary revision of the North

American and West Indian avocados (Persea spp.). Wash. Acad.

Sei. Jour. 10: 9-21, illus. 1920.

Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng. fredbay

Laurus borbonia L., Sp. PI. 370. 1753.

Laurus carolinensis ß pubescens Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1:

276. 1814.

iPersea borbonia (L.) Spreng., Syst. Veget. Ed. 16, 2: 268.

1825.

Tamala borbonia Ral, Sylva Tellur. 136. 1838.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 258

Tamala palustris Raf., Sylva Tellur. 137. 1838.

Persea palustris Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 7: pi. 302. 1895;

nomen,

Tamala pubescens (Pursh) Small, FI. Southeast. U. S. Ed.

2 822 1375. 1913.

Persea palustris (Raf.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 229, 1919.

-fPersea pubescens (Pursh) Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 7: 7 (pi.

302). 1895.

Persea borbonia f. pubescens (Pursh) Fern., Rhodora 47:

149. 1945.

DERIVATION.—An old generic name of Persea.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—redbay persea (SPN), swampbay

persea (SPN), fswampbay.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, from southern Delaware and eastern

Virginia to southern Florida and west to southeastern and southern Texas.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 47: 149-151. 1945.

Persea palustris (Raf.) Sarg., swampbay, has been accepted as a separate

species by most authors, including the 1927 Check List. However, Coker

and Totten (Trees Southeast. States 183-184. 1934) noted that the

differences were not consistent. Fernald reduced swampbay to a form,

Persea borbonia f. pubescens (Pursh) Fern.

Persea gratissima Gaertn. f., see P. AMERICANA Mill.

Persea humilîs Nash silkbay

Persea humilis Nash, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 22: 157. 1895.

Tamala humilis (Nash) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. Ed. 2,

822, 1375. 1913.

DERIVATION.—Dwarf, or low growing; originally found as a

compact shrub 6 to 10 feet in height.

RANGE.—Central Florida.

This species, mentioned in a note in the 1927 Check List, is included here

as a shrub or small tree. Reported from Texas by Cory and Parks (Texas

Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 550: 47. 1938).

Persea littoralis Small shorebay

Persea littoralis Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., 820, 1335. 1903.

Tamala littoralis (Small) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. Ed. 2,

822, 1375. 1913.

DERIVATION.—Of the sea shore.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—dune redbay.

RANGE.—Southern Forida, near coasts.

This shrub or small tree species, which was mentioned in a note in the

1927 Check List, was reported from Texas by Small (Addisonia 17: 45-46,

pi. 567. 1932). Doubtfully distinct from Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.

Persea palustris (Raf.) Sarg., see P. borbonia (L.) Spreng.

Persea pubescens (Pursh) Sarg., see P. borbonia (L.) Spreng.

PHOENIX L. (Family Palmae) DATE

P/iocma; L., Sp. PI. 1188. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 496. 1754.

DERIVATION.—-Name given by Theophrastus to the date palm.
254 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L. DATE

Phoenis dactylifera L., Sp. PL 1188. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Bearing fingers.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—date palm.

RANGE.—Naturalized in southern Florida, according to Small

(Man. Southeast. Fl. 239. 1933). Native of northern Africa and

Arabia but v/idely cultivated in semiarid tropical regions.

Photinia Lindl. (Family Rosaceae) photinia

Photinia Lindl. ex Edwards in Edwards' Bot. Reg. 6 : No. 491,

pi. 491. 1820.

-fHeteromeles M. J. Roem., Fam. Nat. Regn, Veg. Synops.

Monogr. 3: 105. 1847.

DERIVATION.—From Greek photeinos, shining, referring to the

shiny evergreen leaves.

The genus Heteromeles Roem., accepted in the 1927 Check List, contains

only the following species and now is generally regarded as not distinct

from Photinia Lindl.

Photinia arbutifolia Lindl. tChristmasberry

Crataegus arbutifolia Ait. f., Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, 3: 202.

1811. Not Crataegus arbutifolia Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot.

1: 83. 1783.

Photinia arbutifolia [Ait.] Lindl. ex Edwards in Edwards'

Bot. Reg. 6: No. 491, pi. 491. 1820.

-fHeteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl) M. J. Roem., Fam. Nat.

Regn. Veg. Synops. Monogr. 3: 205. 1847.

Photinia salicifolia Presl, Epim. Bot. 204. 1849.

Heteromeles salicifolia (Presl) Abrams, N. Y. Bot. Gard.

BuL 6: 381. 1910.

Photinia arbutifolia var. cerina Jeps., Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 508.

1925.

Photinia arbutifolia var. macrocarpa Munz, South. Calif.

Acad. Sei. Bul. 31: 64. 1932.

DERIVATION.—^With leaves of Arbutus, or madrone, from the

similar foliage.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—California-holly, hollyberry, toyon.

RANGE.—^Northern to southern California in Coast Ranges and

Sierra Nevada foothills. Also in northern Lower California,

Mexico.

Phyllanthus L. (Family Euphorbiaceae) leaf-flower

Phyllanthus L., Sp. PI. 981. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 422.

1754.

fCicca L., Mant. PI. 1: 124. 1767.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, leaf flower, the flowers of some

species appearing as if borne on leaves.

The genus Cicca L., adopted in the 1927 Check List, is generally combined

with Phyllanthus L., which is represented in the United States by several

native herbaceous species and the following naturalized tree species.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 255

PHYLLANTHUS ACIDUS (L.) Skeels OTAHEITE GOOSEBERRY-TREE

Averrhoa acida L., Sp. PI. 428. 1753.

iCicca disticha L., Mant. PL 1: 124. 1767.

Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, U. S. Dept. Agr., PI. Ind.

Bul. 148: 17. 1909; as ''acida."

DERIVATION.—^Acid, or sour, describing the fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Otaheite-gooseberry leafflower

(SPN), tOtaheite-gooseberry.

RANGE.—Cultivated and naturalized in southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Native of tropical Asia or East Indies

but widely planted in tropical regions.

Picea A. Dietr. (Family Pinaceae) spruce

iPicea A. Dietr., Fl. Berlin 794. 1824.

DERIVATION.—The ancient Latin name (from pix, picis, pitch)

of a pitchy pine, probably Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L.

REFERENCES.—Lacassagne, Marcel. Étude morphologique,

anatomique et systématique du genre Picea. Lab. Forest.

Toulouse Trav. tome 2, v. 3, art. 1, 292 pp., illus. 1934.

Wyman, Donald. Simple foliage key to the hemlocks and

spruces. Arnoldia 3: 57-64, illus. 1943.

Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Deut. Fl. Pharm.-Med. Bot. 325, fig.

155. 1881 ; Picea excelsa Link), Norway spruce, native of

Europe, is planted in southeastern Canada and northeastern

United States and has escaped from cultivation in Connecticut and

elsewhere but apparently is not naturalized.

Picea alba (Ait.) Link, see P. glauca (Moench) Voss

Picea albertiana S. Brown, see P. glauca var. albertiana (S.

Brown) Sarg.

Picea americana [Gaertn.] Suringar, see P. rubens Sarg.

Picea australis Small, see P. rubens Sarg.

Picea brevifolia Peck, see P, mariana (Mill.) B. S. P.

Picea breweriana S. Wats. Brewer spruce

iPicea breweriana S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc.

20: 378. 1885.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, William Henry Brewer

(1828-1910), American botanist and professor of agriculture at

Yale University.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fweeping spruce.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oregon and northern California.

Picea canadensis (Mill.) B. S. P., see P. glauca (Moench) Voss

Picea columbiana Lerom., see P. engelmannii Parry

*Picea engelmannii Parry fEngelmann spruce
256 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Abies engelmanni Parry, Acad. Sei. St. Louis Trans. 2: 122.

1863; nomen nvdum.

-fPicea engelmanni Parry ex Engelm., Acad. Sei. St. Louis

Trans. 2: 212. 1863.

Picea columbiana Lemm., Gard, and Forest 10: 183. 1897.

Picea engelmanni var. glabra Goodman, Madroño 10: 177.

1950.

DERIVATION.—In honor of George Engelmann (1809-84),

German-born physieian and botanist of St. Louis, an authority on

conifers who first recognized this species as undescribed.

OTHER COMMON NAMES,—Cokimbian spruce, mountain spruce,

silver spruce, white spruce.

RANGE.—Rocky Mountain region, chiefly, from southwestern

Alberta to central British Columbia, and south in high mountains

of western United States from Washington to northern California,

eastern and southeastern Nevada, southeastern Arizona, and

southern New Mexico, and north to central Colorado and central

Montana.

REFERENCE.—^Little, Elbert L., Jr. Amer. Jour. Bot. 31: 593.

1944.

Picea excelsa Link, see P. ABIES (L.) Karst.

Picea falcata (Raf.) Suringar, see P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.

*Picea glauca (Moench) Voss fwhite spruce

HYBRID.—Picea Xlutzii Little (P. glauca X sitchensis).

Picea glauca var. glauca white spruce (typical)

?Abies canadensis Mill,, Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Abies No. 4.

1768; nomen confusum.

Pinus glauca Moench, Verzeichn. Baeume Weissenst. 73.

1785.

Pinus alba Ait., Hort. Kew. 3: 871. 1789.

Picea alba Link, Grundr. Kraut. (Handb, v. 2) 3: 478. 1831.

Wicea canadensis (Mill.) B. S. P., Prelim. Cat. Anth. Pter.

N. Y. 71. 1888. Not Picea canadensis (Michx.) Link,

Linnaea 15: 524. 1841.

Picea glauca Beissn., Handb. Conif. 59. 1887; as synonym.

Picea canadensis [var.] glauca (Moench) Sudw., U. S. Dept.

Agr. Div. Forestry Bui. 14: 37. 1897.

Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt.

16: 93. 1907 [1908].

Picea glauca var. densata Bailey, Cult. Conif. 108. 1933.

DERIVATION.—Glaucous, or covered with a bloom, referring to

the blue-green foliage.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Canadian spruce, eastern spruce

(lumber). Black Hills spruce, skunk spruce.

RANGE.—^Newfoundland and Labrador west across Canada

along northern limit of trees to Hudson Bay, Northwest Territories, Yukon, and northwestern Alaska, south to interior (but

not southeastern) Alaska, southern British Columbia, southern

Manitoba, and south in northeastern United States from central
CHECK LIST OF TREES Oî* THE UNITED STATES 257

Minnesota to central Michigan, northern New York, northwestern

Massachusetts, and Maine. Also in Black Hills of South Dakota

and local in Montana and Wyoming.

REFERENCES.—Rehder, Alfred. The name of the hemlock

spruce. Rhodora 17: 59-62. 1915.

Rehder, Alfred. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1: 57. 1919.

Rydberg, P. A. Brittonia 1: 80--81. 1931.

Picea glauca var. albertiana (S. Brown) Sarg.

fwestern white spruce

Picea albertiana S. Brown, Torreya 7: 126. 1907.

Picea alba var. albertiana (S. Brown) Beissn., Handb.

Nadelholzk. Ed. 2, 273. 1909.

fPicea glauca var. albertiana (S. Brown) Sarg., Bot. Gaz.

67: 208. 1919.

DERIVATION.—Of Alberta, Canada, where it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Alberta white spruce (SPN).

RANGE.—Southwestern Alberta, British Columbia, and Yukon.

This minor variety overlaps in range with the typical variety

and var. porsildii Raup in western Canada.

Picea glauca var. porsildii Raup Porsild spruce

Picea glauca var. porsildii Raup, Sargentia 6: 102, pi. 12.

1947.

DERIVATION.—Named for A. E. Porsild, botanist of the

National Museum of Canada at Ottawa.

RANGE.—Northwestern Canada from southwestern Northwest

Territories to Yukon and northern British Columbia west to

southern Alaska (to Kenai-Peninsula).

A newly described minor variety or form distinguished chiefly by smooth

bark with resin blisters and by its relatively broad crown.

Picea Xlutzii Little Lutz spruce

Picea glauca X sitchensis

Picea Xlutzii Little, Jour. Forestry 51: 745-747. 1953; as

Picea glauca X sitchensis.

DERIVATION.—Named for Harold John Lutz, American forester,

who collected it in 1950 while working with the United States

Forest Service.

RANGE.—Kenai Peninsula, southern Alaska. This hybrid

occurs in the limited area where the ranges of the two parent

species meet and has been produced artificially in Europe.

Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P. fblack spruce

Abies mariana Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Abies No. 5. 1768.

Pinus nigra Ait., Hort. Kew. 3: 370. 1789.

Picea nigra Link, Grundr. Kraut. (Handb. v. 2) 3: 478. 1831.

fPicea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P., Prel. Cat. Anth. Pter. N. Y.

71. 1888.

Picea brevifolia Peck, Spruces Adirond. 13. 1897.

fPicea mariana var. brevifolia (Peck) Rehd., Rhodora 9:

109. 1907.
â58 AGRICULTURE HANDËOOK 41 Ü. S. DEPT. Ot AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—Of Maryland.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^bog spruce, eastern spruce (lumber),

fshortleaf black spruce, swamp spruce.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Labrador west across Canada

along northern limit of trees to Hudson Bay, Northwest Territories, Yukon, and northwestern Alaska, south to interior (but

not southeastern) Alaska, central British Columbia, southern

Manitoba, and south in northeastern United States from central

Minnesota to southeastern Michigan, New York, northern Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, and Maine.

Picea menziesii Dougl., see P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.

Picea nigra (Ait.) Link, see P. maxiana (Mill.) B. S. P.

Picea parryaria Sarg., see P. pungens Engelm.

*Picea pungens Engelm. fWue spruce

Abies menziesii parryana André, L'lllus. Hort. 23: 199.

1876.

fPicea pungens Engelm., Gard. Chron., New Ser. 11: 334.

1879.

Picea parryana Sarg., Gard, and Forest 10: 481. 1897.

DERIVATION.—Sharp-pointed, referring to the needles.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Colorado spruce (SPN), Colorado

blue spruce, silver spruce.

RANGE.—Rocky Mountain region in high mountains from western Wyoming and southeastern Idaho south to Utah, northern

and eastern Arizona, New Mexico, and central Colorado.

*Picea rubens Sarg. tred spruce

Pinus mariana rubra Du Roi, Dissert. Inaug. Observ. Bot.

39. 1771.

^Picea rubra (Du Roi) Link, Grundr. Kraut. (Handb. v. 2)

3: 478. 1831. Not Picea rubra A. Dietr., Fl. Berlin 795.

1824.

Picea rubens Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 12: 33, pi. 597. 1898.

Picea australis Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 30, 1326. 1903.

Picea americana [Gaertn.] Suringar, Leyden Rijks Herbarium Meded. 55: 47. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Reddish, referring to the reddish brown cones.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—eastern spruce (lumber), he-balsam,

yellow spruce.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia to Maine and southern Quebec, south to

eastern New York, northeastern Pennsylvania, and northern New

Jersey. Also south in Appalachian Mountains of western Virginia, western Maryland, West Virginia, western North Carolina,

and eastern Tennessee.

Pícea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka spruce

Pinus sitchensis Bong., Acad. Imp. Sei. St. Pétersbourg

Mém., Ser. 6, Sei. Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 164. 1882 (Aug.).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 259

Pinus menziesii Dougl. ex D. Don in Lamb., Descr. Genus

Pinus. Ed. 3 (8*^), v. 2, unnumbered p. between pp. 144

and 145. 1882.

îAbies falcata Raf., Atlant. Jour. 1: 120. 1832 (autumn).

Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., Traité Gén. Conif. 260.

1855.

IPicea falcata (Raf.) Suringar, Nederland, Dendrol. Ver.

Jaarb. 2: 96. 1926.

DERIVATION.—Of Sitka Island in southeastern Alaska, where

this species was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—coast spruce, tideland spruce, yellow

spruce.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from southern Alaska (Kodiak

Island and Cook Inlet) southeast in southeastern Alaska and

western British Columbia, and south along coast of western

Washington, western Oregon, and northwestern California.

REFERENCE.—Little, Elbert L., Jr. Amer. Jour. Bot. 31: 588.

1944.

HYBRID.—Picea Xlutzii Little (P. glauca X sitchensis),

Picramnia Sw. (Family Simaroubaceae) bitterbush

fPsevdobrasilium Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 341. 1763; nomen

rejiciendum.

Tariri Aubl., Hist. PL Guiane Franc. Sup. 37, pi. 390. 1775;

nomen rejiciendum,

Brasiliastrum Lam., Encycl. Méth. Pi. 1: 462. 1783 ; no^nen

rejiciendum.

Picramnia Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. Prodr. 2, 27. 1788; nomen

conservandum.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, bitter and bush, referring to the

bitter bark and wood.

Picramnia pentandra Sw. bitterbush

Picramnia pentandra Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 220. 1797.

DERIVATION.—Five stamens.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Florida bitterbush (SPN).

RANGE.—Shores of southern Florida, including Florida Keys;

rare. Also in West Indies and Colombia.

Pilocereu^ Lern., see Cephalocereus Pfeiff.

Pinckneya Michx. (Family Rubiaceae) pinckneya

Pinckneya Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 103, pi. 13. 1803.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (1746-

1825), of South Carolina, statesman and general in the Revolutionary War, who also was interested in botany.

Pinckneya pubens Michx. pinckneya

Bignoniu bracteata Bartr., Travels No. So. Car. Ga. Fla. 468.

1791 ; nomen nudum; description on p. 16.
260 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Pinckneya pubens Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 105, pi. 13.

1803.

Pinckneya bracteata (Bartr.) Raf., Casket 1827: 194, fig. 17.

1827.

DERIVATION.—Downy, or soft-hairy, referring to the young

twigs.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^fever-bark, Georgia-bark.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain of southern South Carolina, Georgia,

and northern and northwestern Florida. Very rare.

REFERENCES.—Harper, Francis. Two more available plant

names of William Bartram. Bartonia 21: 6-8. 1942.

Merrill, E. D. Bartonia 23: 23-24. 1945.

Pinus L. (Family Pinaceae) pine

fPinus L., Sp. PI. 1000. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 434. 1754.

Apinus Neck., Elem. Bot. 3: 269. 1791.

Strobus (Sweet) Opiz, Lotos [Prag] 4: 94. 1854.

Caryopitys Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 29, 1326. 1903.

DERIVATION,—The classical Latin name.

REFERENCES.—Harlow, W. M. The identification of the pines

of the United States, native and introduced, by needle structure.

N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ. Tech. Pub. 32, 21 pp.,

illus. 1931.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Notes on nomenclature in Pinaceae.

Amer. Jour. Bot. 31: 587-596. 1944.

Shaw, George Russell. The genus Pinus. Arnold Arboretum

Pub. 5, 96 pp., illus. 1914.

Sudworth, George B. The pine trees of the Rocky Mountain

region. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 460, 47 pp., illus. 1917.

Wyman, Donald. Simple key to the pines (native or available

from nurseries in the United States). Arnoldia 11: 63-70, illus.

1951.

Pinus albicaulis Engelm. fwhitebark pine

Pinus cembroides Newb., U. S. Rpts. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 6(3) :

44, fig. 15. 1857. Not Pinus cembroides Zuce, K. Bayer.

Acad. Wiss. München, Abhandl. Math.-Phys. 1: 392. 1832.

iPinus albicaulis Engelm., Acad. Sei. St. Louis Trans. 2:

209. 1863.

Pinus flexilis var. albicaulis (Engelm.) Engelm. in S. Wats.,

Bot. Calif. 2: 124. 1879.

Apinus albicaulis (Engelm.) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

32: 598. 1905.

DERIVATION.—^White-stemmed.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—scrub pine, white pine.

RANGE.—High mountains of southwestern Alberta to central

British Columbia, south to Washington, Oregon, and in Sierra

Nevada to central California and western Nevada and east to

western Wyoming and central Montana.

Pinus apacheca Lemm., see P. engelmannii Carr.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 261

Pinus aristata Engelm. fbristlecone pine

fPimts aristata Engelm. in Parry & Engelm., Amer. Jour.

Sei. and Arts, Ser. 2, 34: 331. 1862.

DERIVATION.—Awned, in reference to the long slender prickles

on the cones.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—foxtail pine, hickory pine.

RANGE.—High mountains of Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and

eastern California, south to northern Arizona (San Francisco

Mountain) and northern New Mexico. Very local and widely

scattered.

Pinus arizonica Engelm., see P. ponderosa var. arizonica

(Engelm.) Shaw

Pinus atjtenuata Lemm. fknobcone pine

Pinus tuberculata Gord., Hort. Soc. London Jour. 4: 218,

illus. 1849. Not P. tuberculata D. Don, Linn, See,

London Trans. 17: 442. 1836.

IfPinus attenuata Lemm., Mining and Sei. Press 64: 45.

1892 (Jan. 16). Lemm. ex Sarg., Gard, and Forest 5:

65. 1892 (Feb. 10).

DERIVATION.—Attenuate, gradually narrowed to a point, suggested by the long, tapering cones and by the slender crown.

RANGE.—Mountains of southwestern Oregon and south to

southern California and northwestern Lower California, Mexico.

REFERENCE.—Dayton, William A. Rhodora 54: 71-74. 1952.

HYBRID.—Pinus Xattenuradiata Stockwell & Righter (P. attenuata X radiata).

Pinus Xattenuradiata Stockwell & Righter —

Pinus attenuata X radiata

Pinus Xattenuradiata Stockwell & Righter, Madroño 8: 160.

1946.

DERIVATION.—From the specific names of the two parent species

from which this hybrid was produced artificially.

RANGE.—California (Santa Cruz County).

Pinus australis Michx., see P. palustris Mill.

Pinus balfcuriana Grev. & Balf. ffoxtail pine

'\Pinus balfouriana Grev. & Balf. in A. Murr., Bot. Exped.

Ore. [Rpt. No. 8] No. 618, pi. 1853.

DERIVATION.—In honor of John Button Balfour (1808-1884),

botany professor in the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and

chairman of the committee sending the discoverer, John Jeffrey,

to California.

RANGE.^—High mountains of northern and central California.

*Pinus banksiana Lamb. tjack pine

Pinus sylvestris 8 divaricata Ait., Hort Kew. 3: 366. 1789.

Pinus divaricata Dum.-Cours., Bot. Cult. 3: 760. 1802; as

var. of P. sylvestris L. ; nom. subnud.
262 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTHURE

iPinus banksiana Lamb., Descr. Genus Pinus 1: 7, pi. 3,

1803.

Pinus divaricata (Ait.) Sudw., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 20: 44.

1893.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to Joseph Banks (1748-1820), President of the Royal Society of London, to whom its author was

obliged for first knowledge of it.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—gray pine, scrub pine, Banksian pine.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia and central Quebec west across Canada

to northern Saskatchewan and Northwest Territories, south to

northern British Columbia, central Alberta, and southern Manitoba, and south in northeastern United States to Minnesota,

Wisconsin, Michigan, and Maine. Also local in northern Illinois,

northwestern Indiana, northern New York, Vermont, and New

Hampshire.

HYBRID.—Pinus Xmurraybanksiana Righter & Stockwell (P.

banksiana X contorta).

Pinus brachyptera Engelm., see P. ponderosa Laws.

Pinus caribaea Morelet, see note under P. elliottii Engelm.

Pinus cembroides Zuce. fMexican pinyon

-fPinus cembroides Zuce, K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München,

Abhandl Math.-Phys. 1: 392. 1832; Flora [Jena] 15(2),

Beibl. 93. 1832.

DERIVATION.—Resembling Pinus cembra L., Swiss stone pine,

of Europe and Asia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Mexican pinyon pine (SPN), nut

pine, pinyon pine, pinyon.

RANGE.—Mountains of southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. Also in northern Mexico (Sonora to Coahuila

and south to Hidalgo).

Pinus chihuahuana Engelm., see P. leiophylla var, chihuahuana

(Engelm.) Shaw

*Pinus clausa (Chapm.) Vasey tsand pine

Pinus clausa Chapm. ex Vasey, Gard. Monthly and Hort.

18: 151. 1876, Cat. Forest Trees U. S. 30. 1876;

nomen nudum.

Pinus inops var. clauca Chapm. ex Engebn., Bot. Gaz. 2:

125. 1877.

fPinus clausa (Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg., U. S. Census, 10th,

1880, V. 9 (Rpt. Forests No. Amer.) : 199. 1884.

DERIVATION.—Closed, some cones remaining closed a few years

before releasing the seeds.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—scrub pine, spruce pine.

RANGE.—Northern to southern Florida and west to extreme

southern Alabama (Baldwin County).

REFERENCE.—Little, Elbert L., Jr., and Dormán, Keith W.

Geographic differences in cone-opening in sand pine. Jour.

Forestry 50: 204-205. 1952.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 263

Pinus contorta Dougl. flodgepole pine

IfPinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud., Arb. Frut. Brit. 4: 2292,

figs. 2210-2211. 1838.

Pinus murrayana Grev. & Balf. in A. Murr., Bot. Exped.

Ore. [Rpt. No. 8] 2, No. 740, illus. 1853.

Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. in S. Wats, in King,

Rpt. U. S- Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 331. 1871.

Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm.

in S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 126. 1879.

DERIVATION.—Contorted or twisted, alluding to the irregular

crown of the typical, scrubby shore pine of the coast.

OTHER GOMMON NAMES.—black pine, scrub pine, shore pine,

coast pine, tamarack pine.

RANGE.—Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast regions from

Alberta to Yukon, and south through southeastern Alaska and

British Columbia, and south in western United States from

Washington to southern California and western Nevada and from

Idaho and central Montana south to Wyoming, northern Utah,

and Colorado. Local in Black Hills of South Dakota and southwestern Saskatchewan. Also in northern Lower California,

Mexico.

HYBRID.—Pinus Xmurraybanksiana Righter & Stockwell (P.

banksiana X contorta).

Some authors distinguish two varieties, of which Pinus contorta var.

contorta, shore pine, is a low scrubby tree of the Pacific coast from southeastern Alaska to northern California. Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.,

lodgepole pine, is the taller, inland tree form of the mountains from Yukon

southeast to Colorado. However, the differences are largely in habit rather

than in botanical characters.

Pinus coulteri D. Don fCoulter pine

iPinus coulteri D. Don, Linn. Soc. London Trans. 17: 440.

1836.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Thomas Coulter (1793-

1843), Irish botanist and physician who collected plants in Mexico

and California.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—pitch pine.

RANGE.—Mountains of central and southern California. Also

in northern Lower California, Mexico.

REFERENCES.—Keck, David D. Bibliographic notes on Abies

bracteata and Pinus coulteri. Madroño 8: 177-179. 1946.

Little, Elbert L., Jr., Lambert's "Description of the Genus

Pinus," 1832 edition. Madroño 10: 33-47. 1949.

Pinv^ deflexa Torr., see P. jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.

Pinus divaricata (Ait.) Sudw., see P. banksiana Lamb.

*Pinus echinata Mill. fshortleaf pine

fPinus echinata Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Pinus No. 12,

1768.

Pinus mitis Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 204. 1803.
264 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—Spiny, or prickly, describing the cones.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^Arkansas pine (lumber), North

Carolina pine (lumber), shortleaf yellow pine, southern pine

(lumber), southern yellow pine, yellow pine.

RANGE.—Southeastern New York and New Jersey to Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, Kentucky, southern Illinois, and southern

Missouri, south to eastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas, and east

to northern Florida and Georgia.

*Pinus edulis Engelm. tpinyon

-fPinus edulis Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. Tour North. Mex.

88. 1848.

Caryopitys edulis (Engelm.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 29,

326. 1903.

Pinus cembroides var. edulis (Engelm.) Voss, Deut.

Gartenrat Beilage 123. 1904 (not seen). Deut. Dendrol.

Gesell. Mitt. 16: 95. 1907 [1908]; as ''cembrodes."

Pinus monophylla var. tenuis Tidestrom in Tidestrom &

Kittell, Fl. Ariz. N. Mex. 2. 1941 ; without Latin diagnosis.

DERIVATION.—Edible, describing the large seeds, which are

known as pinyon nuts, Indian nuts, pine nuts, and piñones.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Colorado pinyon pine (SPN), nut

pine, pinyon pine.

RANGE.—Rocky Mountain region from Colorado and Utah south

to Arizona, New Mexico, and Trans-Pecos Texas. Local in extreme northwestern Oklahoma, southwestern Wyoming, and

southeastern California. Also in northern Mexico (Chihuahua).

*Pmus elliottii Engelm. fslash pine

Pinus eiliottii var. eniottii slash pine (typical)

Pinus taeda L. var. heterophylla Ell., Sketch Bot. S.-Car.

Ga. 2: 636. 1824. _ - ^ ^

Pinus elliottii Engelm. ex Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees U. S.

30. 1876; U. S. Commr. Agr. Rpt. 1875: 178. 1876;

nomen nudum. \, - o/.

Pinus elliottii Engelm., Acad. Sei. St. Louis Trans. 4: 186,

pis. 1-3. 1880; also reprinted as folio.

Pinus heterophylla (Ell.) Sudw., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 20:

45. 1893. Not P. heterophylla K. Koch, Linnaea 22:

295. 1849. Not P. heterophylla Presl, Epim. Bot. 236.

1849.

Formerly and in the 1927 Check List included ymá&rJPinus caHhaea

Morelet, Caribbean pine, a closely related species of ¿^Í^Í^TT I'V-i

western Cuba, Isle of Pines, and Central America from British Honduras

to eastern Guatemala, northern Honduras, and northeastern Nicaragua.

Also referred to Pinus palustris Mill., the name generally accepted for

longleaf pine, by Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 4. 1933) and others.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Stephen Elliott (1771-

1830), botanist and banker of South Carolina and author of a

classic work. Sketch of the Botany of South-Carôlinà and Georgia,
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 265

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—pitch pine, southern pine (lumber),

swamp pine, yellow slash pine.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern South Carolina to central

Florida and southeastern Louisiana.

REFERENCES.—De Vail, Wilbur B. The taxonomic status of

Pinus caribaea Mor. Fla. Acad. Sei. Proc. 5(1940): 121-132.

1941.

Little, Elbert L., Jr., and Dormán, Keith W, Slash pine (Pinus

elliottii), its nomenclature and varieties. Jour. Forestry 50 :

918-923, illus. 1952.

Films elliottii var. densa Little & Dormán

South Florida slash pine

Pinus elliottii var. densa IâHIQ & Dormán, Jour. Forestry 50:

921, figs. 1, 2. 1952.

DERIVATION.—Dense, referring to the dense, very heavy, hard

wood with very thick summerwood ; also to the grasslike seedlings

with crowded needles, very thick hypocotyl, and thick tap root,

and to the thick hypoderm of the needles.

RANGE.—Southern Florida and north along coasts to central

Florida and on Lower Florida Keys (Big Pine Key, Little Pine

Key, No Name Key, and five others).

Finns engelmannii Carr. fApache pine

Pinus macrophylla Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. Tour North.

Mex, 103. 1848. Not P. macrophylla Lindl., Edwards'

Bot. Reg. V. 25, Misc. 63. 1839.

Pinus engelmannii Carr., Rev. Hort., Ser. 4, 3: 227. 1854;

as "engebnanni/'

Pinus latifolia Sarg., Gard, and Forest 2: 496, fig. 135. 1889.

fPinus apacheca Lemm., Erythea 2: 103, pi. 3. 1894.

Pinus mayriana Sudv/., U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forestry Bui.

14:21. 1897.

Pinus ponderosa var. mayriana (Sudw.) Sarg., Silva No.

Amer. 11: 81. 1897.

Pinus ponderosa var. macrophylla Shaw, Pines Mex. 24, pi.

17, figs. 2, 3, 6. 1897.

^ The names Pinus apacheca Lemm. and P. latifolia Sarg., which have been

given to this pine north of the Mexican border, have been united under the

older name used in Mexico, P. engelmannii Carr.

DERIVATION.—In honor of George Engelmann (1809-84),

German-born physician and botanist of Saint Louis, Missouri,

who first named this species.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Arizona longleaf pine.

RANGE.—Mountains of extreme southwestern New Mexico and

southeastern Arizona. Also in northern Mexico (Sonora and

Chihuahua to Sinaloa, Durango, and Zacatecas).

REFERENCE,—Little, Elbert L,, Jr, Amer. Jour, Bot. 31: 593-.

594, 1944,

*Piii«s flexilis James flimber pine
266 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Pinus flexilis var. flexîlîs limber pine (typical)

fPinus flexilis James, Exped. Rocky Mts. 2: 27, 35. 1823.

Apinus flexilis (James) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 32:

598. 1905.

DERIVATION.—Flexible, or limber.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^white pine, Rocky Mountain white

pine.

RANGE.—Rocky Mountain region, chiefly, from southern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia south in mountains of

Montana, Idaho, Nevada, central and southern California, east

to Arizona, New Mexico, and Trans-Pecos Texas, and north to

Colorado and Wyoming. Local in northeastern Oregon, western

Nebraska, Black Hills of South Dakota, and southwestern North

Dakota. Also in northern Mexico (Coahuila and Nuevo León).

Pinus flexilis var. reflexa Engelm. -

Pimis flexilis var. 7 reflexa Engelm. in Rothr., Wheeler Rpt.

U. S. Geogr. Surv. 6: 258. 1878.

fPinus strobiformis Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. Tour North.

Mex. 102. 1848.

Pinus reflexa (Engelm.) Engelm., Bot. Gaz. 7: 4. 1882.

Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. var. strobiformis Sarg, ex Lemm.,

Handb. West-Amer. Cone-bearers, Ed. 2, 4. 1892.

Pinus ayacahuite var. reflexa (Engelm.) Voss, Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 16: 92. 1907 [1908].

Pinus ayacahuite var. brachyptera Shaw, Pines Mex. 11, pi.

6. 1909.

DERIVATION.—^Reflexed, or bent back, referring to the scales

of open cones.

COMMON NAMES.—fMexican white pine, border limber pine,

white pine, border white pine, southwestern white pine.

RANGE.—Mountains of southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. Also in northern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua south to Sinaloa, Durango, and Zacatecas).

This variety of the Mexican border region is also regarded by some

authors as a separate species, Pinus reflexa (Engelm.) Engelm. or P.

strobiformis Engelm.

*Pinus glabra Walt. fspruce pine

fPinus glabra Walt., Fl. Carol. 237. 1788.

DERIVATION.—Glabrous, or smooth, referring to the smoothish

bark.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cedar pine, Walter pine.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from South Carolina to northern

Florida and west to southeastern Louisiana.

Pinus heterophylla (Ell.) Sudw., see P. ellîôttîî Engrelm.

Pinus inops Ait., see P. virginiana Mill.

Pinus insignis Dougl., see P. radiata D. Don
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 267

*Pmus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. fJeffrey pine

1[Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. in A. Murr., Bot. Exped. Ore.

[Rpt. No. 8] 2, pi. 1853.

Pinus deflexa Torr, in Emory, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. Rpt.

2(1): 209, pi. 56. 1859.

PiniLS ponderosa var. jeffreyi Balf. ex Vasey, Cat. Forest

Trees U. S. 31. 1876; U. S. Commr. Agr. Rpt. 1875:

179. 1876.

Pinus ponderosa var. jeffreyi (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. in

S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 126. 1879.

Pinus jeffreyi var. b deflexa (Torr.) Lemm., Calif. State

Board Forestry Bien. Rpt. 2: 74,100. 1888.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, John Jeffrey (died

1853?), Scotch botanical explorer who collected seeds from British

Columbia to California for introduction to Scotland.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^western yellow pine.

RANGE.—Mountains from southwestern Oregon south in California through Sierra Nevada to western Nevada and to southern

California. Also in northern Lower California, Mexico.

REFERENCES.—Little, Elbert L., Jr. The reports of the

Botanical Expedition to Oregon, 1849-59. Amer. Jour. Bot. 31 :

588-590. 1944.

Mirov, N. T. Chemical analysis of the oleoresins as a means

of distinguishing Jeffrey pine and western yellow pine. Jour.

Forestry 27: 176-187, illus. 1929.

Pinus lambertiana Dougl. fsugar pine

'fPinus lambertiana Dougl., Linn. Soc. London Trans. 15: 500.

1827.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Aylmer Bourke Lambert (1761-

1842), of England, author of a classic illustrated work on the

genus Pinus and also a patron of botany.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—California sugar pine.

RANGE.—Mountains from western Oregon south to southern

California and in Sierra Nevada to western Nevada. Also in

northern Lower California, Mexico.

Pinus latifolia Sarg., see P. engelmannii Carr.

Pinus leiophylla var. chihuahuana (Engelm.) Shaw

fChihuahua pine

Pinus chihuahuana Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. Tour North.

Mex. 103. 1848.

Pinus leiophylla Schiede & Deppe in Schlecht. & Cham. var.

chihuahuana (Engelm.) Shaw, Pines of Mexico 14, pi. 7,

figs. 10-11. 1909.

DERIVATION.—Smooth-leaved; the varietal name, meaning of

Chihuahua, refers to the State in Mexico where the variety was

discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^yellow pine, pino real.
268 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Mountains of extreme southwestern New Mexico and

southeastern to central Arizona. Also in northern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua to Durango, Nayarit, and Jalisco).

The typical variety of iPinus leiophylla Schiede & Deppe (in Schlecht. &

Cham., Linnaea 6: 354. 1831), Pimts leiophylla var. leiophylla, is not

native in the United States but has a wide range in Mexico from Chihuahua

to Michoacán, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. It is characterized by five needles

in a fascicle, while P. leiophylla var. chihuahuana differs mainly by having

three needles in a fascicle.

Pinus llaveana Torr., see P. quadrifolia Pari.

Pinus macrophylla Engelm., see P. engelmannii Carr.

Pinus mayriana Sudw., see P. engelmannii Carr.

*Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frém. fsîngleleaf pinyon

-fPinus monophylla Torr. & Frém. in Frém., Rpt. Explor.

Exped. Rocky Mts. 319, pi. 4. 1845 ; as '^monophyllusJ'

Caryopitys monophylla (Torr. & Frém.) Rydb., Torrey Bot.

Club Bui. 32: 597. 1905.

Pinus cembroides var. monophylla (Torr. & Frém.) Voss,

Deut. Gartenrat Beilage 123. 1904 (not seen). Deut.

Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 16: 95. 1907 . [1908] ; as "cmbrodes.'^

DERIVATION.—One-leaf, alluding to the solitary needles in a

sheath.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—singleleaf pinyon pine (SPN), nut

pine, pinyon.

RANGE.—Mountains, chiefly of Great Basin region, from southern Idaho and northern and western Utah to Nevada, central and

southern California and northwestern Arizona. Also in northern

Lower (California, Mexico.

*Pinus monticola Dougl. fwestern white pine

-fPinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don in Lamb., Descr. Genus

Pinus. Ed. 3 (8°), v. 2, unnumbered page between p.

144 and p. 145. 1832.

Pinus monticola Laws., Agr. Man. 363. 1836.

Strobus monticola (Dougl.) Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. 13, 1060.

1917.

DERIVATION.—Inhabiting mountains.

OTHER COMMON.NAMES.—Idaho white pine (lumber), silver

pine, white pine.

RANGE.—^Western Montana and northern Idaho to southern

British Columbia and Washington and south to Oregon and in

Sierra Nevada to central California and western Nevada.

Pinus muricata D. Don fbishop pine

fPinus muricata D. Don, Linn. Soc. London Trans. 17: 441.

1836.

Pinus remorata Mason, Madroño 2: 9. 1930.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 269

Pinus remórala Mason, described as a new species from Santa Cruz

Island, was reduced to a variation of P. muricata D. Don by John Thomas

Howell, who reported finding intergrading forms there.

DERIVATION.—Muricate, or rough with hard, sharp points, describing the cone scales.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—prickle-cone pine, Santa Cruz Island

pine.

RANGE.—Coast of northern and central California and Santa

Cruz Island off coast of southern California, Also in northwestern Lower California, Mexico, and a variety on Cedros Island.

REFERENCE.—Howell, John Thomas. The closed-cone pines of

insular California. Leaflets West. Bot. 3: 1-8. 1941.

Pinus murrayana Grev. & Balf., see P. contorta Dougl.

Pimis Xmurraybanksiana Righter & Stockwell —

Pinus banksiana X contorta

Pinus Xmurraybanksiana Righter & Stockwell, Madroño 10 :

69, figs. 1, 2. 1949 ; as P. contorta var. latifolia X banksiana.

DERIVATION.—From the names of the parent species in an artificial cross, Pinus murrayana Grev. & Balf. (synonym of P.

contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) and P. banksiana Lamb.

RANGE.—Central and northwestern Alberta, where the ranges

of the parent species overlap.

REFERENCE.—Moss, E. H. Natural pine hybrids in Alberta.

Canad. Jour. Res. Sect. C, Bot. Sei. 27: 218-229, illus. 1949.

Pinus nigra Arnold (Reise Mariazell. 8, pi. 1785; P. laricio Pair.)y

Austrian pine, has been planted extensively in the United States and has

escaped from cultivation locally in the Northeast west to Missouri but

apparently is not yet naturalized. It is native of central and southern

Europe and Asia Minor.

*Pinus palustris Mill. flongleaf pine

-fPinus palustris Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Pinus No. 14.

1768.

Pinus australis Michx. f., Hist. Arbr. Amer. Sept. 1: 64, pi,

6. 1810.

Some authors have rejected Pinus palustris as a confused name and have

taken up P. australis for this species.

DERIVATION.—Of marshes.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^hard pine, heart pine, longleaf yellow

pine, longstraw pine, pitch pine, southern pine (lumber), southern yellow pine.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to central

Florida and west to eastern Texas.

REFERENCES.—Fernald, M. L. The confused bases of the name

Pinus palustris. Rhodora 50: 241-249. 1948.

Fernald, M. L., and Schubert, Bernice G. Rhodora 50: 181-

186. 1948.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Phytologia 2: 457-458. 1948.

HYBRID.—Pinus Xsondereggeri H. H. Chapm. (P. palustris X

taeda).
270 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Pinus parryana Engelm., see P. quadrifolia Pari.

*Pmus ponderosa Laws. ponderosa pine

Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa ponderosa pine (typical)

Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Loud., Hort. Brit. 387. 1830;

nomen nudum.

-fPinus ponderosa Laws., Agr. Man. 354. 1836.

Pinus brachyptera Engelm. in Wisliz., Mem. Tour. North.

Mex. 89. 1848.

Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. in S. Wats., Bot.

Calif. 2: 126. 1879.

Pinus scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemm., Gard, and Forest 10:

183. 1897.

DERIVATION.—Ponderous, or heavy, referring to the heavy wood.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^blackjack pine, bull pine, pondosa

pine, rock pine, Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine, fwestern yellow

pine, yellow pine, pinabete, pino real.

RANGE.—^Widely distributed, chiefly in Rocky Mountains and

mountains of Pacific coast region from southwestern North

Dakota and Montana to southern British Columbia, south through

Washington and Oregon to southern California, east to Arizona

and Trans-Pecos Texas, north to New Mexico, extreme northwestern Oklahoma, Colorado, western Nebraska, and Black Hills

of South Dakota. Also in northern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua to Durango).

REFERENCE.—Weidman, R. H. Evidences of racial influence

in a 25-year test of ponderosa pine. Jour. Agr. Res. 59: 855-

887, illus. 1939.

This widespread species includes several minor geographic races which

intergrade. In addition to the variety listed below, the race occurring east

of the Continental Divide and in the Central Plateau of western Colorado,

Utah, and eastern Nevada is distinguished by some authors as a variety,

Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.

Pinus ponderosa var. arizoniea (Engelm.) Shaw fArizona pine

iPinus arizoniea Engelm. in Rothr., Wheeler, U. S. Geogr.

Surv. West 100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 260. 1878.

Pinus ponderosa var. arizoniea (Engelm.) Shaw, Pines Mex.

24, pi. 4, pi. 17, fig. 4. 1909.

DERIVATION.—Of Arizona, where it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Arizona ponderosa pine (SPN),

yellow pine.

RANGE.—Mountains of extreme southwestern New Mexico,

southeastern Arizona, and northern Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua,

Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas).

Pinus pungens Lamb. Table-Mountain pine

Pinus pungens Lamb., Ann. Bot. 2: 198. 1805.

DERIVATION.—Sharp-pointed, from the peculiar, stout, hooked

spines on the cones.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 271

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—hickory pine, fmountain pine, prickly

pine.

RANGE.—Mountains from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and West

Virginia, south to South Carolina, northern Georgia, and eastern

Tennessee.

Pinus quadrifolía Pari. fParry pinyon

Pinus llaveana Torr., U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. Bot. 208, pi.

53. 1859. Not P. llaveana Otto ex Loud., Arb. Frut.

Brit. 4: 2267, figs. 2177-2179. 1838.

fPinus parryana Engelm., Amer. Jour. Sei. and Arts, Ser.

2, 34: 332. 1862. Not P. parryana Gordon, Pinetum 202.

1858.

Pinus cuadrifolia Parry ex Pari, in A. DC., Prodr. 16(2) :

302. 1868 ; as synonym.

Pinus quadrifolia Pari, ex Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Div.

Forestry Bui. 14: 17. 1897.

Pinus cemhroides var. parryana Voss, Deut. Gartenrat

Beilage 123. 1904 (not seen). Deut. Dendrol. Gesell.

Mitt. 16: 95. 1907 [1908] ; as ''cembrodesJ'

DERIVATION.—Four-leaved, the needles commonly in bundles

of four.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Parry pinyon pine (SPN), nut pine,

pinyon.

RANGE.—Southern California (Riverside and San Diego Counties) , rare and local. Also in northern Lower California, Mexico.

Pinus radiata D. Don fMonterey pine

iPinus radiata D. Don, Linn. Soc. London Trans. 17: 442.

1836.

Pinus insignis Dougl. ex Loud., Arb. Frut. Brit. 4: 2265, figs.

2170-2172. 1838.

DERIVATION.—Radiate, or rayed, referring to markings on the

cone scales.

RANGE.—Coast of central California, local in Santa Cruz,

Monterey, and San Luis Obispo Counties. Also on Santa Cruz

and Santa Rosa Islands and on Guadalupe Island off coast of

Lower California, Mexico.

REFERENCE.—Howell, John Thomas. The closed-cone pines of

insular California. Leaflets West. Bot. 3: 1-8. 1941.

HYBRID.—Pinus Xattenuradiata Stockwell & Righter (P. attenuata X radiata).

Pinus reflexa (Engelm.) Engelm., see P. flexilis var. reflexa

Engelm.

Pinus remorata Mason, see P. muricata D. Don

*Pinus resinosa Ait. red pine

fPinus resinosa Ait, Hort. Kew. 8: 867. 1789.

DERIVATION.—^Resinous.

OTHER COMMON NAME.-^tNorway pine (lumber).
272 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICUI.TURE

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Quebec west to Ontario and southeastern Manitoba, south to northeastern Minnesota, Wisconsin,

Michigan, northern Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, and

Maine. Also local in West Virginia (North Fork Mountain, Pendleton County).

*Pinus rígida Mill. tpitch pine

fPinus rígida Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Pinus No. 10. 1768.

DERIVATION.—Rigid, or stiff, referring to the cone scales.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—southern pine (lumber), southern

yellow pine.

RANGE.—Central Maine to New York and extreme southeastern Ontario, south to Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, and Virginia,

and south in mountains to eastern Tennessee, northern Georgia,

and western South Carolina.

*Pinus sabiniana Dougl. fDigger pine

•fPinus sabiniana Dougl. ex D. Don in Lamb., Descr. Genus

Pinus Ed. 3 (8°), v. 2, unnumbered p. between page 144

and page 145, pi. 80. 1832. Dougl., Linn. Soc. London

Trans. 16: 749. 1833.

DERIVATION.—Named by David Douglas in compliment to his

friend and patron, Joseph Sabine, secretary of Horticultural

Society of London.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^bull pine, gray pine.

RANGE.—Northern to southern California.

Pinus scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemm., see P. ponderosa Laws.

*Pinus serótina Michx. fpond pine

Pinu^ serótina Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 205. 1803.

Pinus (r.) serótina Michx. ex Loud., Arb. Frut. Brit. 4: 2242,

figs. 2127-2130. 1838 ; as a species, not a new variety.

fPinus rigida var. serótina (Michx.) Loud, ex Hoopes, Book

Evergreens 120. 1868.

Pinus rigida subsp. serótina (Michx.) Clausen, Torreya 39:

126, 1939.

DERIVATION.—Late, referring to the cones which remain closed

on the trees a few years before opening to release the seeds.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^marsh pine, pocosin pine.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern New Jersey and southeastern Virginia south to central and northwestern Florida and

Alabama.

Pinus Xsondereggeri H. H. Chapm. Sonderegger pine

Pinus palustris X taeda

iPinus Xsondereggeri H. H. Chapm., Jour. Forestry 20:

734, pi. 1. 1922; as P. palustris X taêda.

DERIVATION.—^Named for V. Hugo Sonderegger (died 1949),

State forester of Louisiana, who discovered this hybrid in 1915.

RANGE.—North Carolina, Louisiana, and Texas.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 273

Pinits strobiformis Engelm., see P. flexilis var. reflexa Engelm.

*Pinus strobus L. eastern white pine

IfPinus strobus K, Sp. PI. 1001. 1753.

Strobus weymouthiana Opiz, Lotus [Prag] 4: 94. 1854.

Strobus strobus (L.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 29, 1326.

1908.

Pinus strobus var. chiapensis Martinez, Mex. Univ. Nac. Inst,

Biol. An. 11: 81, figs. 19-22. 1940.

DERIVATION.—^A Latin word for pine cone, related to the Greek

strobos, whirling around, and strobilos, pine cone; according to

some authors, the ancient name of an incense-bearing tree.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—soft pine, northern pine, fnorthem

white pine (lumber), Weymouth pine, white pine.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec west

to central Ontario and extreme southeastern Manitoba, south to

Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, northern Illinois, northwestern

Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, and south in mountains to western North Carolina, northern Georgia, and Tennessee.

Local in western Kentucky and western Tennessee. Also in

southern Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas) and

Guatemala.

PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. SCOTCH PINE

Pinus sylvestris L., Sp. PI. 1000. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Of forests.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Scots pine.

RANGE.—-Extensively planted and naturalized locally in southeastern Canada and northeastern United States from Massachusetts and Vermont to New York, New Jersey, Delaware,

Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Iowa. Native of Eurasia.

REFERENCE,—York, Harlan H., and Littlefield, E. W. The

naturalization of Scotch pine, northeastern Oneida County, N. Y.

Jour. Forestry 40: 552-559, illus. 1942.

*Pinus taeda L. tlobloUy pine

fPinus taeda L., Sp. PI, 1000. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Ancient name of resinous pines.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Arkansas pine (lumber), North

Carolina pine (lumber), oldfield pine, shortleaf pine, southern

pine (lumber).

RANGE.—Coastal Plain and Piedmont from southern New

Jersey south to central Florida and west to eastern Texas and

north in Mississippi Valley to southeastern Oklahoma, Arkansas,

and southern Tennessee.

HYBRID.—Pinus Xsondereggeri H. H. Chapm. (P. palvstris

X taeda),

Pinus torreyana Parry fTorrey pine

iPinus torreyana Parry ex Carr., Traité Gén. Conif. 326.

1855.
274 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DEKIVATION.—In honor of John Torrey (1796-1873), American

botanist who named many new species of southwestern plants

and who sent specimens of this species to France in 1853.

RANGE.—Southern California on coast at Torrey Pines State

Park and vicinity, San Diego County, and Santa Rosa Island.

Very rare and local.

Pinus tuberculata Gord., see P. attenuata Lemm.

Pinus virginiana Mill. fVirginia pine

1[Pirms virginiana Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Firnis No. 9.

1768.

Pinus inops Ait., Hort. Kew. 3: 367. 1789.

DERIVATION.—Of Virginia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Jersey pine, North Carolina pine

(lumber), scrub pine, spruce pine.

RANGE.—Southeastern New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,

Ohio, and southern Indiana, and Kentucky, south to northeastern

Mississippi, Alabama, and northern Georgia.

Pinus washoensis Mason & Stockwell Washoe pine

Pintis washoensis Mason & Stockwell, Madroño 8: 62. 1945.

DERIVATION.—^The name commemorates the Washoe Indians

who hunted in this forest.

RANGE.—^Washoe County (east side of Mount Rose, Sierra

Nevada), western Nevada. Rare and local.

This newly described local species is related to Pinus jeffreyi Grev. &

Balf.

Piscidia L. (Family Leguminosae) fishpoison-tree

ilcthyomethia P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 296. 1756;

nomen rejiciendum.

Piscipula Loefl., Iter. Hisp. 275. 1758; nomen rejiciendum.

Piscidia L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 1155,1376. 1759 ; nomen

conservandum.

DERIVATION.—From Latin, fish and kill, in reference to the use

of the foliage and bark in stupefying fish.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^fishfuddletree (SPN).

REFERENCE.—Blake, S. F. Revision of Ichthyomethia, a genus

of plants used for poisoning fish. Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 9:

241-^252. 1919.

Piscidia L. has been conserved over Ichthyomethia P. Br., the older generic

name used in the 1927 Check List.

Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg. Florida fishpoison-tree

Erythrina piscipula L., Sp. PI. 707. 1753.

Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg., Gard, and Forest 4: 436. 1891.

Piscidia erythrina L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 1155. 1759.

flchthyontethia piscipula (L.) Hitchc, Gard, and Forest 4:

472. 1891.
CHECK LliST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STAl^ES 275

Ichthyomethia communis Blake, Wash. Acad, Sei. Jour. 9:

247- 1919.

Piscidia communis (Blake) Harms in Loes,, Bot. Ver. der

Brandenb. Verhandl. 65: 91. 1923.

DERIVATION.—Fish-catching.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Jamaica fishfuddletree (SPN),

Florida fishfuddletree, fJamaica-dogwood.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies and from eastern Mexico (Tamaulipas and San Luis

Potosí to Yucatán) south to Honduras.

Pisonia L. (Family Nyctaginaceae) pisonia

Pisonia L., Sp. PI. 1026. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 451. 1754.

DERIVATION.—In commemoration of Willem Pisón (1611-78),

Dutch physician and naturalist who traveled in Brazil.

Pisonia rotundata Griseb. pisonia

Pisonia rotundata Griseb., Cat. PI. Cub. 283. 1866.

Torrubia rotundata (Griseb.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc.

Cir. 92: 119. 1927.

DERIVATION.—Rounded, from the shape of the leaves.

RANGE.—Florida Keys. Also in Bahamas and Cuba.

This genus and species were mentioned in a note in the 1927 Check List.

Pistacia L. (Family Anacardiaceae) pistache

Pistacia L., Sp. PI. 1025. 1753 ; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 450. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From the Greek pistake^ov pistakia, pistache, and

ultimately from ancient Persian pistah, pistache nut.

REFERENCE.—Barkley, Fred A. Pistacia L. In Lundell, Cyrus

Longworth. Fl. Tex. 3: 90-91. 1943.

Pistacia texana Swingle Texas pistache

Pistacia texana Swingle, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 107.

1920.

DERIVATION.—Of Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^American pistachio, wild pistachio.

RANGE.—Southern Texas (Bexar to Val Verde Counties). Also

in northeastern Mexico (Coahuila to San Luis Potosí and

Tamaulipas).

Closely related to Pistada mexicana H. B. K., Mexican pistache, which

ranges from central Mexico south to Guatemala, and with which it has been

united as a synonym by some authors.

Pithecellobium Mart. (Family Leguminosae) blackhead

Zygiu P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 279, pi. 22, fig. 3.

1756.

Zygia Ludw. & Boehm., Def. Gen. PI. 72. 1760; nomen

rejiciendum.

Pithecellobium Mart., Hort. Reg. Man. 188. 1829; nomen

nudum.

fPithecellobiunt Mart., Flora 20(2), Beibl. 114. 1837; as

**Pithecollobium"; nomen conservandum.
276 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Siderocarpos Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 2: 91. 1901. Not

Siderocarpus Pierre, Not. Bot. Sapot. 31. 1890.

Havardia Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 2: 92. 1901.

Ebenopsis Britton & Rose, No. Amer. FI, 23: 33. 1928.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, ape's earring, referring to the

coiled pods of some species.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—apes-earring (SPN).

The variant spelling "Pithecolobium*' was used in the 1927 Check List.

Pithecellobium flexicaule (Benth.) Coult. ebony blackbead

Acacia flexicaulis Benth., Hook. London Jour. Bot. 1: 505.

1842.

Pithecellobium flexicaule (Benth.) Coult., Bot. Gaz. 15: 270.

1890; as ''Pithecolobium"; nom. provisor.

IfPithecellobium flexicaule (Benth.) Coult., U. S. Dept. Agr.,

Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 2: 101. 1891 ; as 'Tithecolobium/'

Zygia flexicaulis (Benth.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forestry Bui. 14: 248. 1897.

Siderocarpos flexicaulis (Benth.) Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Bul. 2: 91. 1901.

Ebenopsis flexicaulis (Benth.) Britton & Rose, No. Amer.

Fl. 23: 33. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Flexible-stemmed.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—ebony apes-earring (SPN), ebony,

fTexas ebony.

RANGE.—Southern Texas. Also in Mexico (Tamaulipas and

Nuevo León to Yucatán and in Lower California).

Pithecellobium guadalupense (Pers.) Chapm.

Guadeloupe blackbead

Mimosa gu/idalupensis Pers., Synops. PI. 2: 262. 1806.

Pithecellobium guadalupense (Pers.) Chapm., Fl. South. U. S.

116. 1960; as 'Tithecolobium."

Pithecellobium keyense Britton in Britton & Rose, No. Amer.

Fl. 23: 22. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Of Guadeloupe, the West Indian island where

it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^blackbead.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies and Yucatán, Mexico.

A shrub or small spreading- tree, according- to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl.

653. 1933). Mentioned in a note in the 1927 Check List.

Pithecellobium pallens (Benth.) Standl. fhuajillo

Calliandra pallens Benth., Hook. London Jour. Bot. 5: 102,

1846.

^Pithecellobium brevifolium Benth. in A. Gray, PI. Wright.

1: 67. 1852; as 'Tithecolobium/'

Zygia brevifolia (Benth.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forestry Bui. 14: 248. 1897.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 277

Havardia brevifolia (Benth.) Small, N. Y, Bet. Gard. Bul.

2:92. 1901.

Havardia pollens (Benth.) Britton & Rose, No. Amer. Fl.

23:42. 1928.

Pithecellobium pallens (Benth.) Standl., Yale Univ., School

Forestry, Trop. Woods 34: 39. 1933 ; as 'Tithecolobium."

DERIVATION.—Pale, referring to the foliage.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—huajillo apes-earring (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas

to Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, and Hidalgo).

Pithecellobmm unguis^cati (L.) Benth. catclaw blackbead

Mimosa unguis-cati L., Sp. PI. 517. 1753 ; as ''Unguis catiJ^

Inga unguis-cati (L.) Willd., Sp. PI. 4: 1006. 1805.

^Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth., Hook. London Jour.

Bot. 3: 200. 1844 ; as 'Tithecolobium"

Zygia unguis-cati (L.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forestry

Bul. 14: 248. 1897.

DERIVATION.—From Latin cat and claw, from the paired spines

at base of the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—catclaw apes-earring (SPN), catclaw,

fFlorida catclaw.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies, Mexico (Tamaulipas to Yucatán and in Sinaloa),

Central America, and northern South America.

Planera Gmel. (Family Ulmaceae) planertree

-fPlanera Gmel., Syst. Nat. Ed. 13, 2: 150. 1791.

DERIVATION.—In memory of Johann Jakob Planer (1743-89),

German botanist and professor of medicine at Erfurt.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^waterelm (SPN).

Planera Aquaitica Gmel. fplanertree

Anonymos aquatica Walt., Fl. Carol. 230. 1788; as

"aquatic^ nom, illegit. Not Anonymos aquatica Walt.,

Fl. Carol. 109. 1788. Not Anonymos aquatica Walt, Fl.

Carol. 127. 1788; as ''aquatic'' Not Anonymos aquatica

Walt., Fl. Carol. 137. 1788.

-^Planera aquatica Gmel., Syst. Nat. Ed. 13, 2: 150. 1791.

DERIVATION.—Aquatic, from the habitat in swamp forests.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^waterelm (SPN).

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern North Carolina south

to northern Florida and west to eastern Texas, and north in

Mississippi Valley to southeastern Oklahoma, southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois, western Kentucky, and western Tennessee.

Platanus L. (Family Platanaceae) sycamore

-fPlatanus L., Sp. PI. 999. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 433.

1754.
278 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—^The classical Latin and Greek name of Platanus

Orientalis L., Oriental planetree, from the Greek word for broad,

referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—planetree (SPN), buttonwood.

Platanus occidentalis L. American sycamore

Platanus occidentalis L., Sp. PI. 999. 1753.

Platanus glabrata Fern., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc.

36:493. 1901.

iPlatanus occidentalis var. glabrata (Fern.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz.

67: 230. 1919.

iPlatanus occidentalis var. attenuata Sarg., Man. Trees No.

Amer. Ed. 2,372. 1922.

DERIVATION.—^Western, referring to the western hemisphere.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—American planetree (SPN),

buttonball-tree, buttonwood, planetree, fsycamore.

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine to New York, southern Ontario,

central Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, and eastern Nebraska, south to

central Oklahoma and central Texas, and east to northwestern

Florida. Also in northeastern Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León,

and San Louis Potosí).

Platanus racemosa Nutt. tCalifornia sycamore

Platanus racemosa Nutt. ex Audubon, Birds Amer. 4: pi.

362. 1837; as 'Wacemostis''; nomen nudum,

iPlatanus racemosa Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 47, pi. 15.

1842; as "racemosus.^'

Platanus californica Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 54. 1844.

DERIVATION.—^With flowers in racemes, referring to the flower

heads along one axis.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—California planetree (SPN), western

sycamore, aliso. %

RANGE.—Central to southern California. Also in northwestern

Mexico (Lower California to Sinaloa).

Platanus wrightii S. Wats. fArizona sycamore

-fPlatanus wrightii S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc.

10: 349. 1875.

Platanus racemosa Nutt. var. wrightii (S. Wats.) L. Benson,

Amer. Jour. Bot. 30: 237. 1943.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Charles Wright (1811-86), American

botanical collector, who obtained the type while collecting many

specimens in the Southwest in 1851.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Arizona planetree (SPN), álamo.

RANGE.—Southwestern New Mexico and southeastern to central

Arizona. Local in southeastern California. Also in northern

Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua).

Closely related to Platanus racemosa Nutt. and also regarded as a

variety of that species.

Poinciana L. (Family Leguminosae) poinciana

fPoinckna L., Sp. PI. 380. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 178,

1754.
CHECK List OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATÈS 279

Erythrostemon Link, Klotsch, & Otto, Icon. PI. Hort. Bot.

Berol. 1: 97, pi. 39. 1841.

Poincianella Britton & Rose, No. Amer. Fl. 23: 327. 1930.

DERIVATION.—In honor of M. de Poinci, a governor of the

French West Indies in the seventeenth century.

REFERENCE.—Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Rose, Joseph Nelson.

Poinciana. Erythrostemon. Poincianella. No. Amer. PI. 23:

323, 326-336. 1930.

POINCIANA GILLIESII Hook. PARADISE POINCIANA

Poinciana gilliesii Hook., Bot. Misc. 1: 129, pi. 34. 1829,

Caesalpinia gilliesii Wall, ex Hook., Bot. Misc. 1: 129, pi.

34. 1829 ; as synonym.

Erythrostemon gilliesii (Hook.) Link, Klotsch, & Otto, Icon.

PI. Hort. Bot. Berol. 1: 97, pi. 39. 1843.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, John Gillies (1747-

1836).

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^bird-of-paradise.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized locally from

southern and central Texas to southern New Mexico and western

Arizona, according to Britton and Rose (No. Amer. Fl. 23: 326.

1930) and other authors. Native of Argentina and Chile but

widely planted and naturalized.

A shrub or small tree to 13 feet high as naturalized, according to Benson

and Darrow (Man. Southwest. Desert Trees Shrubs 174. 1945).

Poinciana mexicana (A. Gray) Rose Mexican poinciana

Caesalpinia mexicana A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei.

Proc. 5: 157. 1861.

Poinciana mexicana (A. Gray) Rose, U. S. Nati. Mus. Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 13: 303. 1911.

Poincianella mexicana (A. Gray) Britton & Rose, No. Amer.

Fl. 23:330. 1930.

DERIVATION.—Of Mexico.

RANGE.—Southern Texas and Mexico (Tamaulipas to Chihuahua, Sinaloa, and Guerrero), according to Britton and Rose (No.

Amer. Fl. 23: 330. 1930).

A shrub or small tree up to 33 feet high in Mexico, possibly not reaching

tree size in the United States.

POINCIANA PULCHERRIMA L. IFLOWERFENCB

-fPoinciana pulcherrima L., Sp. PI. 380. 1753.

Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Obs. Bot. 166. 1791.

DERIVATION.—Very beautiful.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^flowerfence poinciana (SPN), Barbados-flower, dwarf poinciana.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Widely

planted and naturalized in tropical regions, its original range

unknown.

Poinciana regia Bojer, see DELONIX REGIA (Bojer) Raf.
280 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

PoNCiRUS Raf. (Family Rutaceae) TRIFOLIATE-ORANGE

Pondras Raf., Sylva Tellur. 143. 1838.

DERIVATION.—From the French name of a kind of citrus.

REFERENCE,—See under CITRUS L.

PONCIRUS TRIFOLIATA (L.) Raf. TRIFOLIATE-ORANGE

Citrus trifoliata L., Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1101. 1763.

Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf., Sylva Tellur. 143. 1838.

DERIVATION.—^Three-leaved, from the three leaflets.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—bitter orange, hardy-orange.

RANGE.—Naturalized after cultivation from Florida and Georgia to Texas, according to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 760. 1933).

Southeastern to southern Texas, listed by Cory and Parks (Tex.

Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 550: 63. 1938). Native of central and northern China but widely cultivated elsewhere.

A shrub or small tree to 20 feet or more in height, adding a naturalized

genus to the 1927 Check List.

Populus L. (Family Salicaceae) cattonwood; poplar

fPovulus L., Sp. PI. 1034. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 456. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name.

REFERENCES.—Houtzagers, G. Het geslacht Populus in verband

met zijn beteekenis voor de houtteelt. (The genus Populus and its

significance in silviculture.) 266 pp., illus. 1937. German translation: Houtzagers, G. Die gattung Populus und ihre forstliche

bedeutung, von dr. G. Houtzagers . . . Nach der holländischen

aufläge ins deutsche übersetzt and herausgegeben von dr. W.

Kemper. 196 pp., illus. 1941.

Pourtet, Jean. The poplar—its place in the world. Unasylva

5: 55-59. 1951.

Schneider, Gamillo. Die bisher bekannten Pappel-Bastarde.

Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 44: 25-30. 1932.

Smith, E. Chalmers. A study of cytology and speciation in the

genus Populus L. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 24: 275-304, illus.

1943.

Sudworth, George B. (ed. and annotated by W. A. Dayton).

Poplars, principal tree willows, and walnuts of the Rocky Mountain

region. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bui. 420, 111 pp., illus. 1934.

White, Wilfred W. Native cottonwoods of Montana. Mont.

Acad. Sei. Proc. 9: 33-39. 1951.

A few kinds of cultivated cottonwoods and poplars should be mentioned

here, as they are often listed as introduced trees, sometimes also as naturalized. These cultivated variations are clons, rather than species, being

propagated vegetatively and perhaps derived from a single distinctive individual, such as a hybrid. As the sexes are separate in Populus, the

individual trees of one clon all belong to the same sex and thus do not

produce seeds. These introduced trees often escape from cultivation by

spreading vigorously from root sprouts, especially after removal of parent

trunk, and may be long persistent or become established locally on old home

sites and roadsides. However, since seeds are not formed, the trees cannot

migrate far and cannot establish themselves naturally in forests as though

native. They are strictly planted trees and therefore should not be accepted

here as naturalized species.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNTTED STATES 281

IfPopulus alba L. (Sp. PI. 1034. 1753), fwhite poplar, of Europe and

Asia, is planted in southern Canada and across the United States and has

escaped locally in the East. Silver poplar and Bolleana poplar are clons.

Populus xcanadensis Moench. (Verz. Ausl. Baume Weissenst. 81. 1785;

P. Xeugenei Simon-Louis) ; P. deltoides X nigra L.) fCarolina poplar, includes hybrid clons originating in different places. It is in cultivation across

the United States and in southern Canada and has escaped locally.

Populus Xcanescens (Ait.) Sm. (PI. Brit. 3: 1080. 1804; P. alba X

trémula L.), gray poplar, of Europe and Asia, is a hybrid of white poplar

and European aspen. It has escaped from cultivation locally in the Northeast. The clon curly poplar is prized for veneers.

iPopulus nigra L. (Sp. PL 1034. 1753), fblack poplar, of Europe and

Asia, likewise is planted and has escaped, Populus nigra var. itálica

Muenchh. (Hausvater 5: 230. 1770), Lombardy poplar, is a hybrid clon

widely cultivated almost throughout the United States and in southern

Canada and locally escaped.

Populus Xacuminata Rydb. flanceleaf cottonwood

Populus angustí folia X sargenta

^Populus acuminata Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 20: 50, pi.

141. 1893.

fPopulus Xandrewsii Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 212. 1913 ;

as P. acuminata X sargenta.

-fPopulus acuminata var. rehderi Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 1: 61. 1919.

DERIVATION.—^Acuminate, or tapering to a point, in reference

to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^lanceleaf poplar (SPN), smooth-bark

cottonwood, Andrews poplar.

RANGE.—Southern Alberta, Montana (?), Black Hills of South

Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, and New Mexico.

REFERENCE,—Blankinship, J. W. Mont. Agr. Col. Sei. Stud.

1: 45. 1905.

Populus acuminata Rydb. is here regarded as a hybrid between P.

angustifolia James and P. sargenta Dode with wide distribution within their

overlapping ranges. Ernest Rouleau in identifying Forest Service specimens

has indicated this hybrid status, which was mentioned by Little (Southwest.

Trees. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 9: 32. 1950). Wilfred W. White

(Mont. Acad. Sei. Proc. 9: 33-39. 1951) concluded also that P. acuminata

Rydb. is a hybrid and cited J. W. Blankinship's similar interpretation in

1905. F. xandrewsii Sarg., described from Colorado as a hybrid between P.

angustifolia and P. sargenta, should be included under the same hybrid

binomial.

Records of P. acuminata from outside the range of P. sargenta, such as

in Arizona and Nevada, possibly represent hybrids of P. angustifolia with

P. fremonta or another species with broad leaves.

Populus alba L., see note under Populus L.

Populus Xandrewsii Sarg., see P. Xacuminata Rydb.

Populus angustifolia James fnarrowleaf cottonwood

^Populus angustifolia James, Exped. Rocky Mts. 1: 497.

1823.

Populus fortissima A. Neis. & Macbr., Bot. Gaz. 56: 473.

1913.

DERIVATION.—Narrowleaf.
282 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—narrowleaf poplar (SPN), black

cottonwood, mountain cottonwood, álamo.

RANGE.—Southern Saskatchewan and southern Alberta south to

Montana, Idaho, Washington, southeastern Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, east to New Mexico and Trans-Pecos Texas, and north to

Colorado, western Nebraska, and Black Hills. Also in northern

Mexico (Chihuahua).

HYBRID.—Popultis Xacumimita Rydb. (P. angustifolia X sargenta) .

Populus arizonica Sarg., see P. fremontii S. Wats.

Populm atheniensis Lodd., see P. tremuloides Michx.

Populus aurea Tidestr., see P. tremuloides Michx.

Populus balsamifera L. fbalsam poplar

HYBRID.—Populus Xjackii Sarg. (P. balsamifera X deltoides),

Populus balsamifera L., see also P. deltoides Bartr.

Populus balsamifera var. balsamifera balsam poplar (typical)

fPopulus balsamifera L., Sp. PI. 1034. 1753 ; in part.

Populus tacamahaca Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Populus No. 5.

1768; as ^'tacamahacca/'

Populus balsamifera var. lanceolata Marsh., Arbustr. Amer.

108. 1785.

Populus candicans Ait., Hort. Kew. 3: 406. 1789.

Populus balsamifera var. candicans (Ait.) A. Gray, Bot.

North U.S. Ed. 2, 419. 1856.

Populus michauxi Dode, Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun Bui. 18: 220,

pi. 12, fig. 100. 1905; Extr. Monogr. Ined. Populus 62, pi.

12, fig. 100. 1905.

Populus tweedyi Britton in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer.

Trees 173, fig. 129. 1908.

Populus balsamifera var. michauxii (Dode) Henry, Gard.

Chron., Ser. 3, 59: 230, fig. 97. 1916.

Populus tacamahacca vsLY. lanceolata (Marsh.) Farwell, Rhodora 21: 101. 1919.

Populus tacamahacca var. michauxii (Dode) Farwell, Rhodora 21: 101. 1919.

îPopulus manitobensis Dode, Soc. Dendrol. de France Bui,

38: 30, fig. 2. 1921.

Populus tacamahacca var. candicans (Ait.) Stout, N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Jour. 30: 32, figs. 5-7. 1929.

The name Populus balsamifera L., by which this species has long been

known, has been used also since 1919 for P. deltoides Marsh., eastern

cottonwood. Farwell (Rhodora 21: 101-102. 1919) and Sargent (Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 62-63. 1919) in making this change adopted P,

tacamahaca Mill, for balsam poplar. Application of the name P. balsamifera to two different species led to confusion. As a result, Davy (Forestry

10: 166-168. 1936), Houtzagers (Geslacht Populus 61-69, 226-227. 1937),

and Cansdale (Black Poplars 17-18. 1938) proposed that P. balsamifera

be rejected as an ambiguous name, or Twmen ambiguum. Fortunately, how-
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 283

ever, Rouleau has shown that P. balsamifera must be retained for the major

element of Linnaeus' composite species, balsam poplar, instead of eastern

cottonwood.

DERIVATION.—Balsam-bearing, referring to the odor of balsam;

the buds are resinous and fragrant.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—tacamahac poplar (SPN), cottonwood, hackmatack, tacamahac.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Labrador west across Canada

along northern limit of trees to Northwest Territories, Yukon,

and northwestern Alaska, south to Kodiak Island and northern

end of southeastern Alaska, northern and eastern British Columbia, east through Alberta to Manitoba, northern and eastern North

Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, extreme southern Ontario, New York, and Maine. Also local in north Illinois, northwestern Indiana, Ohio, and West Virginia. In northwestern States

local in Idaho, Montana (?), Wyoming, Colorado, Black Hills, and

northwestern Nebraska. Introduced in Oregon (Multnomah

County.

REFERENCES.—Redman, Kenneth. Nomenclature confusion in

the case of the balsam poplar or tacamahac. Amer. Pharm. Assoc.

Jour., Sei. Ed. 31: 220-223, illus. 1942.

Rouleau, Ernest. Populus balsamifera of Linnaeus not a nomen

ambiguum. Rhodora48: 103-110. 1946.

Rouleau, Ernest. Two new names in Populus. Rhodora 50:

233-236. 1948.

Rouleau, Ernest. Populus : a correction. Rhodora 51: 149-150.

1949.

Valckenier-Suringar, J. Populus balsamifera, tacamahaca, candicans und deltoides. Eine dreuzweise Änderung von Ñamen.

Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 41: 29-33, illus. 1929.

Populus balsamifera var. subcordata Hylander

heartleaf baisam poplar

Populus balsamifera var. subcordata Hylander, Foren. Dendrol. Parkv. Ârsb. Lustgarden 111. 1945.

Populus balsamifera var. fernaldiana Rouleau, Rhodora 50 :

234. 1948.

DERIVATION.—Slightly heart-shaped, referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—heartleaf tacamahac poplar.

RANGE.—Newfoundland, Quebec, and Ontario, south to northern

Michigan, northern New York, and Maine.

This variety has been known until recent years as fPopulus balsamifera

var. cavdicans (Ait.) A. Gray, the name used in the 1927 Check List, and

P. balsamifera var. michauxii (Dode) Henry, However, Rouleau (Rhodora

50: 234. 1948; 51: 149-150. 1949) showed that the original specimens

upon which those names were based belonged instead to the typical variety.

Balm-of-Gllead poplar (balm-of-Gilead), an ornamental tree widely planted

in northeastern United States and southeastern Canada and spreading by

sprouts, persistent and escaping after cultivation, is a clon from a single

pistillate tree of this variety or of a hybrid of it, according to Stout (N. Y.

Bot. Gard. Jour. 30: 32. 1929), who adopted the varietal name Populus

tacamahacca var. candicans (Ait.) Stout. As a sterile clon of P. balsamifera

var, subcordata, balm-of-Gilead poplar needs no additional scientific name and

has no natural range. However, the following binomial indicating a hybrid
284 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

origin is available also for balm-of-Gilead poplar: Populus xgileadensis

Rouleau (Rhodora 50: 235. 1948; as P, balsamifera x deltoides var. missouriensis Henry).

Populus besseyaîia Dode, see P. sargenta Dode

Populus Xcanadensis Moench, see note under Populus L.

Populus Xcanescens (Ait.) Sm., see note under Populus L.

Populus candicans Ait., see P. balsamifera L.

Populus cercidiphylla Britton, see P. tremuloides Michx.

Populus deltoides Bartr. t^astern cottonwood

Populus balsamifera L., Sp. PL 1034. 1753 ; in part.

•fPopulus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 106.

1785 ; as "deltoide/'

Populus virginiana Foug., Mêm. Agr. Paris 1786: 87, 1787.

?Populus angulata Ait, Hort. Kew. 3: 407. 1789.

Populus monilifera Ait., Hort. Kew. 3: 406. 1789.

Populus nigra ß virginiana (Foug.) Castigl., Viagg. Stati

Uniti 2: 334. 1790.

Populus angulata var. missouriensis Henry in Elwes & Henry,

Trees Great Brit. Ireland 7: 1811. 1913.

îPopulus deltoides var. angulata (Ait.) Sarg., Trees and

Shrubs 2: 212. 1913 (Aug.) ; as ''deltoidea."

Populus deltoides var. missouriensis (Henry) Henry, Gard.

Chron., Ser. 3, 56: 46. 1914; as ''deltoidea."

Populus balsamifera var. pilosa Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 1: 63. 1919.

Populus balsamifera var. virginiana (Foug.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 63. 1919.

Populus canadensis var. virginiana (Foug.) Fiori, Icon. Fl.

Ital. 111. Ed. 2, 109. 1921; Nuova Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 351.

1923.

'\Populus deltoides pilosa (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr.

Mise. Cir. 92: 65. 1927.

fPopulus deltoides virginiana (Foug.) Sudw., U. S. Dept.

Agr. Mise. Cir. 92: 65. 1927.

Populus balsamifera var. missouriensis (Henry) Rehd., Man.

Cult. Trees Shrubs 92. 1927.

Populus virginiana pilosa (Sarg.) F. C. Gates, Kansas. Acad.

Sei. Trans. 41: 101. 1938.

DERIVATION.—Deltoid, or triangular, from the shape of the

leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—eastern poplar (SPN), cottonwood,

southern cottonwood, Carolina poplar, necklace poplar.

RANGE.—New Hampshire to New York, southern Quebec,

southern Ontario, central Michigan, Wisconsin, central Minnesota,

southern Manitoba, and southern Saskatchewan, south to North

Dakota, western Kansas, western Oklahoma, and central and

southeastern Texas, and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia.
GHEGK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 285

REFERENCES.—See under Populus balsamifera L.

HYBRIDS,—Populns Xeugenei Simon-Louis (P. deltoides X nigra

var. itálica) ; Populus Xjackii Sarg. (P. balsamifera X deltoides).

This species has been known also as Popultis balsamifera, the name used

here for balsam poplar. Farwell (Rhodora 21: 101-102. 1919) and Sargent

(Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1: 62-63. 1919) applied P. balsamifera to eastern

cottonwood to replace P. deltoides and adopted P. tacamahaca for balsam

poplar. As confusion resulted, it was proposed that P. balsamifera be

rejected as an ambiguous name, nomen ambiguum. However, Rouleau

(Rhodora 48: 103-110. 1946) concluded that P. balsamifera is not nomen

ambiguum but must be retained for the major element of the original

species, balsam poplar. Thus, P. deltoides remains the scientific name of

eastern cottonwood.

Populus Xeugenei Simon-Louis, see note under Populus L.

Populus fortissima A. Neis. & Macbr., see P. angustifolia James

Populus fremontii S. Wats. Fremont cottonwood

HYBRID.—Populus Xparryi Sarg. (P. fremontii X trichocarpa).

Populus fremontii var. fremontii Fremont cottonwood (typical)

-fPopulus fremontii S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc.

10: 350. 1875.

iPopulus macdougalii Rose, Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect, v.

61, No. 12 (Pub. 2239) : 1, pi. 1. 1913.

fîPopulus arizonica Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 210. 1919.

iPopulus fremontii var. pubescens Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 213.

1919.

fPopulus fremontii var. thornberii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 213.

1919.

-fPopulus fremontii var. toumeyi Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 214.

1919.

fPopulus fremontii var. macrodisca Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 1: 62. 1919.

?Populus fremontii var. arizonica (Sarg.) Jeps., Man. FI.

PL Calif. 268. 1923.

Populus fremontii var. macdougalii (Rose) Jeps., Man. FI. PI.

Calif. 268. 1923 ; as "macdougalUiJ'

At one time part of the variations included here were referred to Populus

mexicana Wesm., a Mexican species.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, General John Charles

Fremont (1813-90), politician, soldier, and explorer of western

United States.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Fremont poplar (SPN), tcottonwood, tArizona cottonwood, fMacDougal cottonwood, álamo.

RANGE.—Southwestern Utah, Nevada, and northern to southern

California, south to Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. Also

in northwestern Mexico (Lower California and Sonora).

REFERENCE.—Johnston, Ivan M. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 25 :

434-435. 1944.

Populus fremontii var. wislizenii S. Wats. Rio Grande cottonwood

Populus fremontii var. ( ?) wislizenii S. Wats., Amer. Jour.

Sei. and Arts, Ser. 3, 15: 136. 1878; as ''wislizenii
286 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

IfPopulus wislizenii (S. Wats.) Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 14: 71,

pi. 732. 1902; as ''wislizenV

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Friedrich Adolph

Wislizenus (1810-1889), German-born physician of St, Louis,

Missouri, who made an important plant collection on a trip to

northern Mexico in 1846-47.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Rio Grande poplar (SPN), fcottonwood, valley cottonwood, Wislizenus cottonwood, álamo.

RANGE.—Southern Colorado, southern Utah, New Mexico, and

Trans-Pecos Texas. Also in northern Mexico (Chihuahua).

Populus Xgileadensis Rouleau, see note under P. balsamifera

var. subcordata Hylander

Populus grandidentata Michx. bigtooth aspen

•fPopulus grandidentata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 243. 1803.

\Populus grandidentata ß meridionalis Tidestr., Rhodora 16 :

205, figs. 3, 4. 1914.

Populus grandidentata var. angustata Victorin, Montréal

Univ. Lab. Bot. Contrib. 16: 14, fig. 4. 1930.

Populus grandidentata var. subcordata Victorin, Montréal

Univ. Lab. Bot. Contrib. 16: 16, fig. 4. 1930.

DERIVATION.—Big-toothed, describing the leaf margins.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—flargetooth aspen, aspen, poplar,

popple.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia and Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec to Maine,

Ontario, and extreme southeastern Manitoba, south to Minnesota,

northeastern Iowa, east to Illinois, Kentucky, West Virginia,

Maryland, and Delaware, and south locally in western Tennessee

and in mountains of western Virginia and western North Carolina.

REFERENCE.—Marie-Victorin, Frère. Les variations laurentiennes du Populus tremuloides et du P. grandidentata.

Montréal Univ. Lab. Bot. Contrib. 16, 16 pp., illus. 1930.

Populus hastata Dode, see P. trichocarpa Torr. & Gray

Populus heterophylla L. fswamp cottonwood

iPopulus heterophylla L., Sp. PI. 1034. 1753.

DERIVATION.—^Various-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—swamp poplar (SPN), cottonwood,

black cottonwood, river cottonwood, downy poplar.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from Connecticut and southeastern

New York to Georgia and northwestern Florida and west to

Louisiana, north in Mississippi Valley to southeastern Missouri,

western Tennessee, Kentucky, southern Illinois, Indiana, southern

Michigan, and Ohio.

Populus Xjackii Sarg. fJacks cottonwood

Populus balsamifera X deltoides

fPopulus Xjackii Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 212. 1913;

as P. balsamifera X deltoides.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 287

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, John George Jack

(1861-1949), Canadian-born dendrologist at Arnold Arboretum

of Harvard University.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Jacks poplar (SPN).

RANGE.—Vermont to southern Quebec, southern Ontario, and

Michigan.

Populm macdougalii Rose, see P. fremontii S. Wats.

Populus manitobensis Dode, see P. balsamifera L.

Populus mexicana Wesm., see note under P. fremonltii S. Wats.

Populus michauxi Dode, see P, balsamifera L.

Populus monilifera Ait., see P. deltoides Bartr.

Populus nigra L., see note under Populus L.

Populus occidentalis (Rydb.) Britton, see P. sargentii Dode

Populus palmeri Sarg. Palmer cottonwood

-fPopulus palmeri Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 211. 1919.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Ernest Jesse Palmer,

American dendrologist at Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University and authority on Crataegus and other woody plants.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Palmer poplar (SPN), fcottonwood.

RANGE.—Central to Trans-Pecos Texas. Also in northern

Mexico (Sonora).

Populus Xparryi Sarg. Parry cottonwood

Populus fremontii X trichocarpa

fPopulus Xparryi Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 214. 1919.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Charles Christopher

Parry (1823-90), Enghsh-born American botanist and explorer,

who made extensive plant collections in western United States.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Parry poplar (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern California.

*PopuIus sargentii Dode plains cottonwood

Populus deltoides occidentalis Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem.

1: 115. 1900.

Populus besseyana Dode, Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun Bui. 18: 196,

pi. 11, fig. 41. 1905; Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus 38, pi.

11, fig. 41. 1905.

fPopulus sargentii Dode, Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun Bui. 18:

198, pi. 11, fig. 46. 1905 ; Extr. Monog. Inéd. Populus 40,

pi. 11, fig. 46. 1905.

Populus occidentalis (Rydb.) Britton ex Rydb., Fl. Colo. 91.

1906.

^Populus texana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 67: 211. 1919.

DERIVATION.—Named for Charles Sprague Sargent (1841-

1927), American dendrologist and director of the Arnold Arbo-
288 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

return of Harvard University, who had included this and other

variations under Populus deltoides.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—plains poplar (SPN), feottonwood,

Texas cottonwood.

EANGE.—Southern Saskatchewan and southern Alberta south

to Montana, Wyoming, eastern Colorado, northeastern New

Mexico, and northwestern and northern Texas, and north to

western Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, and western South Dakota.

HYBRID.—Populus Xacuminata Rydb. (P. angustifolia X

sargenta).

Populus tacamahaca Mill., see P. balsamifera L.

Populus texana Sarg., see P. sargentii Dode

Populus tremuloides Michx. quaking aspen

Wopulus atheniensis Lodd. ex Ludw., Neue Wilde Baumz.

35. 1783 ; nomen nudum.

Populus tremuloides Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 243. 1803.

Populus cercidiphylla Britton in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer.

Trees 180, fig. 139. 1908.

Populus aurea Tidestr., Amer. Midland Nat. 2: 35, figs. 3-7.

1911.

^Populus tremuloides [var.] aurea (Tidestr.) Daniels, Mo.

Univ. Studies, Sei. Ser., 2(2) (Fl. Boulder, Colo.): 98,

265. 1911.

Populus vancouveriana Trel. ex Tidestr. in Piper & Beattie,

Fl. Northwest Coast 118. 1915.

fPopulus tremuloides var. vancouveriana (Trel.) Sarg., Bot.

Gaz. 67: 208. 1919.

fPopulus tremuloides cercidiphylla (Britton) Sudw., U. S.

Dept. Agr. Misc. Cir. 92: 61. 1927.

Populus tremuloides var. intermedia Victorin, Montréal Univ.

Lab. Bot. Contrib. 16: 8, fig. 2. 1930.

Populus tremuloides var. magnifica Victorin, Montréal Univ.

Lab. Bot. Contrib. 16: 10, fig. 2. 1930.

Populus tremuloides var. rhomboidea Victorin, Montréal

Univ. Lab. Bot. Contrib. 16: 10, fig. 2. 1930.

DERIVATION.—Like Populus trémula L., European aspen, from

Latin trembling.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—quaking asp, faspen, golden aspen,

mountain aspen, trembling aspen, fVancouver aspen, poplar,

trembling poplar, popple, álamo blanco.

EANGE.—^Very widespread from Newfoundland and Labrador

west across Canada along northern limit of trees to Northwest

Territories, Yukon, and northwestern Alaska, south to northern

end of southeastern Alaska and British Columbia; south in high

mountains of western United States from Washington south to

southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Trans-Pecos

Texas (Davis Mountains), and north to Colorado, northwestern

Nebraska, Black Hills, and Montana; south in northeastern

United States from northern and eastern North Dakota, extreme
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 289

eastern South Dakota, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maine. Local in northern Virginia

and northeastern Missouri. Also in mountains of northern

Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua to Durango and San Luis Potosí).

REFERENCE,—Marie-Victorin, Frère. Les variations laurentiennes du Populus tremuloides et du P. grandidentata. Montréal

Univ. Lab. Bot. Contrib. 16, 16 pp., illus. 1930.

Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray fWack cottonwood

fPopulus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray ex Hook., Icon. PL 9

(New Ser.) : pi. 878. 1852.

Populus hastata Dode, Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun Bui. 18: 222,

pi. 12, fig. 105. 1905; Extr. Monogr. Inéd. Populus 64, pi.

12, fig. 105. 1905.

Populus trichocarpa f. ingrata Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 346. 1909.

^Populus trichocarpa var. hastata (Dode) Henry in Elwes

& Henry, Trees Great Brit. Ireland 7: 1837. 1913 ; nomen

Provisorium.

Populus trichocarpa var. ingrata (Jeps.) Parish, PI. World

20:210. 1917.

Populus trichocarpa subsp. hastata Dode, Soc. Dendrol. de

France Bui. 44: 80. 1922; nomen nudum. Validated by

Gray Herbarium Card-index Issue 182.

DERIVATION.—Hairy-fruited, describing the seed capsules.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—California poplar (SPN), cottonwood,

balsam cottonwood, western balsam poplar.

RANGE.—Southern Alaska (Cook Inlet and Kodiak Island),

southeastern Alaska, and southern Yukon south through British

Columbia to southern Alberta and in western United States from

central Montana, Idaho, and Washington south to Oregon, southern California, and western Nevada. Local in Wyoming and

southwestern North Dakota. Also in northern Lower California,

Mexico.

HYBRID.—Populus Xparryi Sarg. (P. fremonta X trichocarpa).

Populus tweedyi Britton, see P. balsamifera L.

Populus vancouveriana Trel., see P. tremuloides Michx.

Populus virginiana Foug., see P. deltoides Bartr.

Populus wislizenii (S. Wats.) Sarg., see P. fremontii var.

wislizenii S. Wats.

Porlieria Ruiz & Pav. (Family Zygophyllaceae) porlieria

iPorlieria Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 55, pi. 9.

1794.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to Antonio Porlier, Spanish marquis

and minister of the Indies, who aided Ruiz and Pavón in their

work.

The variant speUing **Porliera" was used in the 1927 Check List.
290 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Porlieria angustifolia (Engelm.) A. Gray Texas porlieria

Guaiacum angustifolium Engelm. in Wislizenus, Mem. Tour.

North. Mex. 113. 1848; as ''Guajacum:'

^Porlieria angustifolia (Engelm.) A. Gray, PL Wright. 1:

28. 1852; as 'Torliera/'

DERIVATION.—Narrowleaf, referring to the very narrow leaflets.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^guayacan.

RANGE.—Southern to central and Trans-Pecos Texas. Also in

northeastern Mexico (Coahuila to Tamaulipas).

Pouteria campechiana (H. B. K.) Baehni (Candollea 9: 398. 1942;

Poiiteria campechiana var. nervosa (A. DC.) Baehni, Candollea 9: 401. 1942;

Lúcuma campechiana H. B. K.; ^Lúcuma nervosa A. DC; Family Sapotaceae), canistel(canistel lúcuma, SPN; egg-fruit tree), has escaped from

cultivation on the Florida Keys but apparently is not established as naturalized. This species was included in the 1927 Check List on the authority of

Small, who afterwards recorded it from the Florida Keys (Small, Man.

Southeast. Fl. 1032, fig. 1933). Cronquist (Lloydia 9: 280-282. 1946)

cited it from the Florida Keys, though perhaps only in cultivation or as a

recent escape. Native from southern Mexico (Yucatán to Tabasco, Veracruz,

and Guerrero southward) south to South America. Also cultivated elsewhere

for the edible fruit.

Pouteria dominigensis (Gaertn. f.) Baehni (Candollea 9: 402. 1942;

Lúcuma dominigensis Gaertn. f.), of Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola was

recorded also from southern Florida (two collections) by Cronquist (Lloydia

9: 278-279. 1946). Additional data about this species are desired.

Prosopls L. (Family Leguminosae) mesquite

•fProsopis L., Mant. PI. 1: 10. 1767.

Neltuma Raf., Sylva. Tellur. 119. 1838.

Prosopis sect. Strombocarpa Benth., Jour. Bot. 4: 351. 1842.

Strombocarpa Engelm. & Gray, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 5:

243. 1845 ; nomen nudum.

Strombocarpa (JBenth.) A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 60. 1852.

DERIVATION.—^Ancient Greek plant name, and used by Dioscorides apparently for the burdock.

REFERENCES.—Benson, Lyman. The mesquites and screwbeans of the United States. Amer. Jour. Bot. 28: 748-754, illus.

1941.

Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Rose, Joseph Nelson. Strombocarpa. Neltuma. No. Amer. Fl. 23: 183-187. 1928.

Burkart, Arturo. Materiales para una monografía del género

Prosopis (Leguminosae). Darwinia 4: 57-128, illus. 1940.

Svenson, Henry K. Amer. Jour. Bot. 33: 451-453, pi. 11.

1946.

Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. fmesquite

Mimosa juliflora Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ.

85. 1788.

•fProspopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 2: 447. 1825.

Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf. ex Britton & Rose, No. Amer.

Fl. 23: 184. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Catkin-flowered, from the narrow flower clusters.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—common mesquite (SPN),
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 291

RANGE.—Southwestern United States from Texas to Kansas,

Utah, and California, south through Mexico and Central America

to Colombia and Venezuela. Also in West Indies, where probably

naturalized. Naturalized south to Brazil and Argentina, in

Hawaii, Philippine Islands, and elsewhere in warm regions.

Some recent authors have used the older name Prosopis chilensis (Mol.)

Stuntz (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PL Ind., Inv. Seeds 31: 85. 1914) to include

this species. However, Burkart (Darwinia 4: 106. 1940) has shown that

P. chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz should be applied instead to a distinct but related

species of Chile, Argentina, and Peru.

Prosopis juliflora var. juliflora, mesquite (typical), the typical variety,

is not found in the United States but is a tree with range from Mexico to

Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela and in West Indies. In the

United States this species is represented by the three intergrading geographical varieties listed below.

Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell

thoney mesquite

Prosopis glandulosa Torr., N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. Ann. 2:

192, pi. 2. 1828.

1tProsopis juliflora var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell, N. Mex.

Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 15: 58. 1895.

Prosopis juliflora var. constricta Sarg., Trees and Shrubs

2: 249, pi. 193. 1913.

Prosopis chilensis glandulosa (Torr.) Standl., U. S. Nati.

Mus. Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 23: 1658. 1926.

Neltuma constricta (Sarg.) Britton & Rose, No. Amer. Fl.

23: 186. 1928.

Neltuma glandulosa (Torr.) Britton & Rose, No. Amer. Fl.

23: 186. 1928.

Neltuma neomexicana Britton in Britton & Rose, No. Amer.

Fl. 23: 186. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Glandular; the petioles enlarged and glandular

at base.

RANGE.—South central Kansas to southeastern Colorado, south

to eastern and southern New Mexico, southern and eastern Texas,

and western Oklahoma. Introduced in northwestern Louisiana

and extending its range northeastward. Also in northeastern

Mexico.

Prosopis juliflora var. torreyana L. Benson

western honey mesquite

Prosopis juliflora var. torreyana L. Benson, Amer. Jour. Bot.

28:751, fig. 4. 1941.

DERIVATION.—In honor of John Torrey (1796-1873), American

botanist of Columbia University, one of the first to study Prosopis

in the United States.

RANGE.—Southern to Trans-Pecos Texas, southern New Mexico,

southeastern and western Arizona, southwestern Utah, southern

Nevada, and southern California. Also in northern Mexico.

^/>oî^î?i v^^î^^y» which was not distinguished until after publication of the

1927 Check List, is usually shrubby or sometimes a small tree.
292 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Prosopis juliflora var. velutina (Woot.) Sarg. velvet mesquite

Wrosopis articulata S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei.

Proc. 24: 48. 1889.

Prosopis velutina Woot., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 25: 456.

1898.

^Prosopis juliflora var. velutina (Woot.) Sarg., Silva No.

Amer. 13: 15, pi. 628. 1902.

Prosopis chilensis velutina (Woot.) Standl., U. S. Nati. Mus.

Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 23: 1658. 1926.

INeltuma articulata (S. Wats.) Britton & Rose, No. Amer.

Fl. 23: 187. 1928.

Neltuma velutina (Woot.) Britton & Rose, No. Amer. Fl.

23:186. 1928.

Wrosopis juliflora var. articulata (S. Wats.) Wiggins, Stanford Univ., Dudley Herbarium Contrib. 4: 17. 1950.

DERIVATION.—^Velvety, from the finely hairy to velvety foliage,

twigs, and pods.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^fmesquite.

RANGE.—Southwestern New Mexico and southern and central

Arizona. Also in northern and central Mexico (Lower California

to Michoacán and Veracruz).

Prosopis pubescens Benth. fscrewbean mesquite

fProsopis odorata Torr. & Frém. in Frém., Rpt. Explor.

Exped. Rocky Mts. 313, pi. 1. 1845; in part; nomen

confusum.

Prosopis pubescens Benth., Hook. London Jour. Bot. 5: 82.

1846.

Strombocarpa pubescens (Benth.) A. Gray, PL Wright. 1:

60. 1852.

Strombocarpa odorata (Torr. & Frém.) Torr, in Sitgreaves,

Rpt. Exped. Zuni Colo. Rivers 158. 1853.

DERIVATION.—Pubescent, or finely hairy, referring to the foliage

and twigs.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Fremont screwbean mesquite (SPN),

tornillo.

RANGE.—^Trans-Pecos Texas to southern New Mexico, Arizona,

southwestern Utah, southern Nevada, and southeastern California.

Also in northern Mexico (Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua) .

Prunus L. (Family Rosaceae) cherry; peach; plum

tPrî^ntes L., Sp. PL 473. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 213. 1754.

fAmygdalus L., Sp. PI. 472. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 212.

1754.

Padus Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 3, p. [1].

1754.

Laurocerasus Duhamel, Traité Arbr. Arbust. 1: 345, pi.

133, fig. 1755; as ''Lauro-cerasus/'

Cerasus Adans., Fam. PL 2: 305. 1763.

DERIVATION.—^The classical Latin name of the plum tree.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 293

REFERENCES.—Groh, Herbert, and Senn, Harold A. Prunus

in eastern Canada. Canad. Jour. Res. Sect. C, Bot. Sei. 18:

318-346, illus. 1940.

Wight, W. F. Native American species of Prunus. U. S.

Dept. Agr. Bui. 179. 75 pp., illus. 1915.

Prunus alabamensis Mohr, see P. serótina var. alabamensis

(Mohr) Little

Prunus alleghaniensis Porter Allegheny plum

1fPrunus alleghaniensis Porter, Bot. Gaz. 2: 85. 1877.

Prunus alleghaniensis davisii W. F. Wight, U. S. Dept. Agr.

Bui. 179: 51, pi. 5, fig. 3, pi. 12, figs. 4-6. 1915.

DERIVATION.—Of the Allegheny Mountains, discovered in Pennsylvania.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—sloe plum, sloe, fAUegheny sloe,

northern sloe.

RANGE.—Connecticut to Pennsylvania and south in mountains

to western Virginia, northwestern North Carolina, and northeastern Tennessee; also in Michigan.

Prunus americana Marsh. American plum

Prunus americana var. americana American plum (typical)

-fPrunus americana Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 111. 1785.

Prunus americana var. floridana Sarg., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 2: 113. 1920.

DERIVATION.—^American.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—red plum, river plum, fwild plum,

yellow plum, ciruela.

RANGE.—Massachusetts to New York, extreme southern Ontario, Michigan, Minnesota, southern Manitoba, and western

Montana, south in Rocky Mountains to Wyoming, northern Utah,

Colorado, and New Mexico and south in eastern United States

from North Dakota to central Texas and northwestern Florida.

Prunus americana var. lanata Sudw. inch plum

Prunus americana ß mollis Torr. & Gray, FI. No. Amer. 1 :

407. 1840; in part.

Prunus americana lanata Sudw., U. S. Div. Forestry Bui.

14: 237. 1897.

fPrunus lanata (Sudw.) Mackenzie & Bush, Man. Fl. Jackson

Co., Mo. 109. 1902.

Prunus arkansana Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 157, pi. 165.

1911.

Prunus palmeri Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 247, pi. 192.

1913.

DERIVATION.—^Woolly, referring to the hairy twigs and leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fwild plum, woollyleaf plum.

RANGE.—Indiana to Iowa and Kansas, south to central Texas

and Louisiana. Also local in Alabama.
294 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

REFERENCE.—Bush, Benjamin Franklin. The identity of

Prunus lanata M. & B. Amer. Midland Nat. 16: 254. 1935.

Prunus angustifolia Marsh. fChickasaw plum

-fPrunus angustifolia Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 111. 1785.

\Prunus angustifolia varians Wight & Hedr. in Hedr., N. Y.

Agr. Expt. Sta. Rpt. 1910, pt. 2 (Plums of N. Y.) : 87.

1911.

DERIVATION.—Narrow-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—sand plum.

RANGE.—Missouri to southern Nebraska and western Kansas,

south to northwestern and central Texas and Louisiana. Also

naturalized east to central Florida and north to New Jersey,

Maryland, Kentucky, Indiana, and southern Illinois. Extensively

naturalized and perhaps spread also by Indians in prehistoric

times. The original native range thus is not accurately known.

Prunus arkansana Sarg., see P. americana var. lanata Sudw.

Prunus australis Beadle, see P. serótina var. alabamensis (Mohr)

Little

PRUNUS AVIUM (L.) L. MAZZARD

Prunus cerasus [var.] avium L., Sp. PI. 474. 1753.

-fPrunus avium (L.) L., Flora Suec. Ed. 2, 165. 1755.

DERIVATION.—Of birds.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^mazzard cherry (SPN), fsweet

cherry.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized locally in

southeastern Canada and northeastern United States from Nova

Scotia and Maine to northern Florida and westward. Native of

Europe and Asia.

Pninus caroliniana (Mill.) Ait. Carolina laurelcherry

Padvs caroliniana Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Padus No. 6.

1768.

^Prunus caroliniana (Mill.) Ait, Hort. Kew. 2: 163. 1789.

Laurocerasus caroliniana (Mill.) Roem., Fam. Nat. Regn.

Veg. Synops. Monog, 3: 90. 1847.

DERIVATION.—Of Carolina.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Carolina cherry, flaurel cherry, mockorange, wild-orange, wild-peach.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern North Carolina to

central Florida and eastern Texas.

PRUNUS CERASUS L. fsouR CHERRY

iPrunus cerasus L., Sp. PI. 474. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Classical Latin and Greek name of the cherry,

which was brought into Europe from Crimea, or the Chersonese

(ancient Cerasus).

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^Morello cherry, pie cherry.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 295

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized locally in

southeastern Canada and eastern United States from Nova Scotia

to northern Florida and westward. Native of western Asia and

southeastern Europe.

Prunus crenulata (Greene) Tidestrom, see P. emarginata Dougl.

Prunus cuthbertii Small, see P. serótina var. alabamensis (Mohr)

Little

Prunus demissa (Nutt.) D. Dietr., see P. virginîana L,

PRUNUS DOMESTICA L. GARDEN PLUM

-fPrunus domestica L., Sp. PI. 475. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Domesticated, long cultivated for the edible

plums.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—plum, fDamson plum.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation in southeastern Canada,

northeastern United States, and Oregon, and naturalized locally.

Native of western Asia and Europe.

Prunus emarginata Dougl. fbitter cherry

Cerasus emarginata Dougl. ex Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 169.

[1834].

Cerasus mollis Dougl. ex Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 169.

[1834].

-fPrunu^s emarginata Dougl. ex Eaton, Man. Bot. No. Amer.

Ed. 7, 463. 1836.

Cerasus erecta Presl, Epim. Bot. 194. 1849.

Prunus emarginata var. mollis (Dougl.) Brewer in Brewer

& S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 1: 167. 1876.

fPrunus emarginata villosa Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Div.

Forestry Bui. 14: 240. 1897.

Cerasus crenulata Greene, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 18: 56.

1905.

Prunus prunifolia (Greene) Shafer in Britton & Shafer, No.

Amer. Trees 500. 1908.

Prunus emarginata erecta (Presl) Piper in Piper & Beatti, Fl.

Northwest Coast 199. 1915.

Prunus crenulata (Greene) Tidestrom in Dayton, Biol. Soc.

Wash. Proc. 40: 119. 1927.

Prunus emarginata var. crenulata (Greene) Kearney &

Peebles, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 29: 481. 1939.

DERIVATION.—^Emarginate, or having a shallow notch at apex,

referring to the petals and sepals.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—quinine cherry, wild cherry.

RANGE.—^Western Montana to Idaho, southern British Columbia,

and Washington, south to Oregon, southern California, Nevada,

Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico.

Prunus eriogyna S. C. jkason, see P. fremontii S. Wats.

Prunus eximia Small, see P. serótina var. eximia (Small) Little
296 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Prunus fremontii S. Wats. desert apricot

Prunus fremontii S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 442. 1880.

Amygdalus fremontii (S. Wats.) Abrams, N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Bul. 6: 385. 1910.

Prunus eriogyna S. C. Mason, Jour. Agr. Res. 1: 168, fig.

5. 1913.

Prunus fremontii var. pilulata Jeps., Man. FI. PI. Calif. 507.

1925.

Emplectocladus fremontii Dayton, U. S. Dept. Agr. Mise.

Pub. 101: 70. 1931 ; nomen nudum. Validated by Gray

Herbarium Card-Index Issue 166.

Amygdalus eriogyna (Mason) Kovolev & Kostina, Bui. AppL

Bot. Gen. PI. Breed., Ser. 8, 5: 153, 1936; as ''erioginaJ'

DERIVATION.—Named for General John Charles Fremont

(1813-90), American explorer who collected one of the specimens

cited in the original description.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Fremont peachbrush (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern California and northern Lower California,

M^exico

REFERENCE.—Jepson, Willis Linn. Fl. Calif. 2: 228. 1936.

This species is a shrub or rarely a small tree 16 feet high, according to

William Franklin Wight (Stanford Univ. Pubs., Univ. Ser., Dudley Memorial

Vol. 137. 1913) and later authors.

Prunus fultonensis Sarg., see P. mexicana S. Wats.

Prunus hirsutus EIL, see P. serótina var. alabamensis (Mohr)

Little

Prunus hortulana Bailey horîtulan plum

^Prunus hortulana Bailey, Gard, and Forest 5: 90. 1892.

\Prunus hortulana var. mineri Bailey, Cornell Univ. Agr.

Expt. Sta. Bul. 38: 23, figs. 4, 5. 1892.

-fPrunus hortulana var. pubens Sarg,, Trees and Shrubs 2:

248. 1913.

DERIVATION.—Of gardens, because this species became noticed

through work of horticulturists.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Miner plum, wild plum, fwildgoose

plum.

RANGE.—^Kentucky to southern Illinois, eastern Iowa, and

eastern Kansas, south to northeastern Oklahoma, Arkansas, and

Tennessee.

Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt.) D. Dietr. fhollyleaf cherry

Cerasus ilicifolia Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech Voy.

340, pi. 83. 1840.

-fPrunus ilicifolia (Nutt.) D. Dietr., Synops. PL 3: 43. 1848

(before March).

Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 10.

1843.

Laurocerasus ilicifolia (Nutt.) Roem., Fam. Nat. Regn. Veg,

Synops. Monog. 3: 92. 1847.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 297

DERIVATION.—HoUyleaf, the leaves evergreen and spiny-toothed.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—evergreen cherry, islay.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from central to southern California and northern Lower California, Mexico.

Prunus injucunda Small, see P. umbellata Ell.

PRUNUS INSITITIA L. BULLACB PLUM

Prunus insititia L. in L. & Juslenius Cent. I. PL 1755 ; Amoen.

Acad.4:273. 1759.

DERIVATION.—Grafted, or used in grafting.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^buUace, Damson.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation in southeastern Canada and

northeastern United States from Nova Scotia to Maine and New

York southwestward and naturalized locally. Native of western

Asia and Europe.

Prunus integrifolia Sarg., see P. lyonii (Eastw.) Sarg.

Prunus lanata (Sudw.) Mackenzie & Bush, see P. americana var.

lanata Sudw.

Prunus lyonii (Eastw.) Sarg. fCatalina cherry

Prunus occidentalis W. S. Lyon, Bot. Gaz. 11: 202, (333).

1886. Not P. occidentalis Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. Prodr. 80.

1788.

Prunus ilicifolia var. occidentalis [Lyon] Brandegee, Calif.

Acad. Sei. Proc, Ser. 2, 1: 209. 1888.

Prunus ilicifolia var. integrifolia Sudw., Gard, and Forest 4 :

5L 1891.

Prunus integrifolia Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 531, fig.

441. 1905. Not P. integrifolia Walp., Ann. Bost Syst. 3 :

854. 1853.

Cerasus lyoni Eastw., Calif. Acad. Sei. Occas. Papers 9

(Handb. Trees Calif.) : 54. 1905.

Laurocerasus lyoni (Eastw.) Britton in Britton & Shafer,

No. Amer. Trees 512, fig. 474. 1908.

iPrunus lyonii (Eastw.) Sarg., Arnold Arboretum Pubs.

No. 4 (PI. Wilson.), 1: 74. 1911.

DERIVATION.—In honor of William Scrugham Lyon (1852-

1916), American horticulturist and forester, who discovered this

species and first named it.

RANGE.—Santa Catalina, San Clemente, and Santa Cruz

Islands, California.

PRUNUS MAHALEB L. fMAHALEB CHERRY

iPrunus mahaleb L., Sp. PI. 474. 1753.

DERIVATION.—The Persian name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^perfumed cherry, St Lucie cheriy,

mahaleb.
298 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation in southeastern Canada and

northeastern United States and naturalized locally. Native of

Europe and western Asia.

Prunus melanocarpa (A. Neis.) Rydb., see P. virginiana L.

Prunus mexicana S. Wats. fMexican plum

•fPrunus mexicana S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc.

17: 353. 1882.

Prunus polyandra Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 155, pi. 164.

1911.

Prunus reticulata Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 151, pi. 162.

1911.

iPrunus tenuifolia Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 153, pi. 168.

1911.

Prunus fultonensis Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 248. 1913.

^Prunus mexicana var. fultonensis (Sarg.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 2: 114. 1920.

^Prunus mexicana var. polyandra (Sarg.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 2: 114. 1920.

^Prunus mexicana var. reticulata (Sarg.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 2: 114. 1920.

DERIVATION.—Of Mexico.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^bigtree plum.

RANGE.—^Western Kentucky, western Tennessee, southern Missouri, and southeastern Kansas, south to central Texas and

Louisiana. Also in northeastern Mexico (Coahuila and Nuevo

León).

Prunus mitis Beadle, see P. umbellata Ell.

Prunus munsoniana Wight & Hedr. fwudgoose plum

-^Prunus munsoniana Wight & Hedr., N. Y. Agr, Expt. Sta.

Rpt. 1910, pt. 2 (Plums of N. Y.) : 88, illus. 1911.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Thomas Volney Munson (1843-

1913), American nurseryman and authority on grape culture.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Munson plum.

RANGE.—^Western Kentucky, southern Illinois, Missouri, and

southeastern Kansas, south to central Texas, northern Louisiana,

and northern Mississippi. Also naturalized east to Georgia and

southern Ohio.

Prunus myrtifolia (L.) Urban myrtle laurelcherry

Celastrus myrtifolius L., Sp. PI. 196. 1753.

Prunus sphaerocarpa Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PL Prodr. 80. 1788.

Laurocerasus sphaerocarpa (Sw.) Roem., Fam. Nat. Regn.

Veg. Synops. Monog. 3: 89. 1847.

fPrunus myrtifolia (L.) Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 93. 1904.

Laurocerasus myrtifolia (L.) Britton in Britton & Shafer,

No. Amer, Trees 510, fig. 472. 1908.

DERIVATION.—Myrtle-leaved.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 299

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fWest Indian cherry, laurelcherry.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies and to Brazil and Argentina,

Prunus nana Du Roi, see P. virginiana L.

Prunus nigra Ait. tCanada plum

iPrunus nigra Ait, Hort. Kew. 2: 165. 1789.

DERIVATION.—Black, referring to the dark branches.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^horse plum, red plum, wild plum.

RANGE.—New Brunswick and Maine to southern Quebec, southern Ontario, northern Michigan, and southern Manitoba, south

to Minnesota, Iowa, northern Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, and New England. Introduced in Nova Scotia.

Prunus occidentalis W. S. Lyon, see P. lyonii (Eastw.) Sarg.

Prunus oregana Greene, see P. subcordata Benth.

Prunus padus L. (Sp. PI. 473, 1923), European bird-cherry,

a small tree native of Eurasia, has spread locally from cultivation

in southeastern Canada and northeastern United States. Bayard

Long (Naturalized occurrence of Prunus padus in America.

Rhodora 25: 169-177. 1923) recorded it as naturalized in several

places in the vicinity of Philadelphia, Pa., mostly around old

estates.

Prunus palmeri Sarg., see P. americana var. lanata Sudw.

Prunus parksii Cory, see P. serótina var. rufula (Woot. & Standl.)

McVaugh

Prunus pensylvanica L. f. fpin cherry

iPrunus pensylvanica L. f.. Sup. PI. Ed. 13, 252. 1781.

^Prunus pensylvanica var. saximontana Rehd., Deut. Dendrol.

Gesell. Mitt. 17: 160. 1908; as ''pennsylvanica."

DERIVATION.—Of Pennsylvania.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^bird cherry, fire cherry, northern pin

cherry, pigeon cherry, wild red cherry.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and southern Labrador to northern

Ontario and west across Canada to British Columbia, south in

Rocky Mountains to Wyoming and Colorado, to Black Hills, and

in East from North Dakota to Minnesota, Iowa, northern Illinois,

northern Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New York, and in mountains

south to Virginia, North Carolina, northern Georgia, and eastern

Tennessee.

The original spelling of the specific name was "pensylvanica,'* though

*'pennsylvanica*' has been used in some references, including the 1927 Check

List.

PRUNUS PéRSICA Batsch fPEACH

iAmygdalus pérsica L., Sp. PL 472. 1753.

Prunus pérsica Batsch, Beytr. Entw. Pragm. Gesch. Naturr.

30. 1801.
300 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—^Persian ; also an old generic name for peach.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—common peach.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation from New York to southern

Ontario, south to eastern Texas and Florida and naturalized

locally, especially in the Southeast. Native of China.

The genus Amygdalus L., which was used for this species in the 1927

Check List, is generally combined with Prunus L.

Prunus polyandra Sarg., see P. mexicana S. Wats.

Prunus reticulata Sarg., see P. mexicana S. Wats.

Prunus rufula (Woot. & Standl.) see P. serótina var. rufula

(Woot. & Standl.) McVaugh

Prunus salicifolia H. B. K. var. acutifolia S. Wats., see P. serótina

var. rufula (Woot. & Standl.) McVaugh

*Prunus serótina Ehrh. black cherry

RANGE.—^Widely distributed from Nova Scotia and southern

Quebec to Minnesota, Texas, and Florida, also from southern

New Mexico and western Arizona south through Mexico to

Guatemala. Naturalized in northwestern South America from

Venezuela to Bolivia.

REFERENCE.—McVaugh, Rogers. A revision of the North

American black cherries (Prunus serótina Ehrh., and relatives).

Brittonia 7: 279-315. 1951.

Besides the four varieties listed below, another variety, Prunus serótina

var. salicifolia (H. B. K.) Koehne (P. serótina subsp. capuli (Cav.) McVaugh; P. capuli Cav.), capulin black cherry, is native from central Mexico

(Guanajuato and Jalisco) southeast to Guatemala and is naturalized in northwestern South America from Venezuela to Bolivia.

Prunus serótina var. serótina black cherry (typicsJ)

Prunus virginiana L., Sp. PI, 473. 1753; in part.

Padus virginiana (L.) Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Padus No. 3.

1768; in part.

Prunus serótina Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 3: 20. 1788.

Padus serótina Borkh., Archiv für Bot. (Römer) 1(2) : 38.

1797.

Cerasus serótina var. montarui Small in Small & Vail, Torrey

Bot. Club Mem. 4: 114. 1894.

Prunus serótina [var.] montana (Small) Britton, Torrey

Bot. Club Mem. 5: 357. 1894.

^Prunus serótina neomontana Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Div.

Forestry Bul. 14: 245. 1897.

DERIVATION.—Late, referring to the relatively late-maturing

fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fmountain black cherry, rum cherry.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia to Maine, southern Quebec, Ontario,

northern Michigan, and Minnesota, south to eastern South

Dakota, southeastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, and eastern

Texas, and east to central Florida. Also in eastern and southern
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 301

Mexico (Durango to Tamaulipas and south to Chiapas; also the

Revilla Gigedo Isands) and Guatemala.

Prunus serótina var. alabamensis (Mohr) Little

Alabama black cherry

Prunus hirsutus Ell., Sketch Bot. S.-C. Ga. 1: 541. 1821.

^Prunus alabamensis Mohr, Torrey Bot. Club Bui, 26: 118.

1899.

^Prunus cuthbertii Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 28: 290.

1901.

-^Prunus australis Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 162.

1902.

Padus australis (Beadle) Beadle ex Small, Fl. Southeast. U.

S. 574, 1331. 1903.

Padus alabamensis (Mohr) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 574,

1331. 1903.

Padus cuthbertii (Small) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 574,

1331. 1903.

Prunus serótina [f.] 6 alabamensis Schneid, ex Schwerin,

Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 15: 3. 1906 [1907].

Prunus seroíina subsp. hirsuta (EU.) McVaugh, Brittonia

7: 299. 1951.

Prunus serótina var. alabamensis (Mohr) Little, Phytologia

4: 309. 1953.

DERIVATION.—Hirsute or hairy, referring to the foliage, peduncles, and calyx.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^Alabama chokecherry (SPN),

Beadle chokecherry, south Alabama chokecherry, fAlabama

cherry.

RANGE.—Eastern Georgia to northeastern Alabama, south to

northwestern Florida. Probably also in South Carolina.

Prunus serótina var. eximia (Small) Little Escarpment cherry

Prunus eximia Small, Torreya 1: 146. 1901.

Padus eximia (Small) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 573, 1331.

1903.

Prunus serótina subsp. eximia (Small) McVaugh, Brittonia

7: 302. 1951.

Prunus serótina var. eximia (Small) Little, Phytologia 4:

309. 1953.

DERIVATION.—Distinguished, or extraordinary.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Edwards Plateau cherry.

RANGE.—Central Texas (Edwards Plateau and Balcones

Escarpment).

In the 1927 Check List Pravus eximia Small was mentioned in a note

under P. serótina Ehrh.

Prunus serótina var. rufula (Woot. & Standl.) McVaugh

southwestern black cherry

Prunus salicifolia H. B. K. var. acutifolia S. Wats., Amer.

Acad. Arts Sei. Proc. 22: 411. 1887; nom. provisor.
302 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Padus Tufula Woot. & Standl., U. S. Nati. Mus. Contrib. U. S.

Nati. Herbarium 16: 132. 1913.

Padus virens Woot. & Standl., U. S. Nati. Mus. Contrib.

U. S. Nati. Herbarium 16: 133. 1913.

-fPrunus virens (Woot. & Standl.) Shreve, Carnegie Inst.

Wash. Pub. 217: 43. 1915.

•\Prunus virens var. rufula (Woot. & Standl.) Sarg., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 2: 117. 1920.

Prunus rufula (Woot. & Standl.) Tidestr., Biol. Soc, Wash.

Proc. 48: 39. 1935.

Prunus parksii Cory, Rhodora 45: 326. 1943.

Prunus serótina subsp. virens (Woot. & Standl.) McVaugh,

Brittonia 7: 303. 1951.

Prunus serótina subsp. virens var. virens (Woot. & Standl.)

McVaugh, Brittonia 7: 305. 1951.

Prunus serótina subsp. virens var. rufula (Woot. & Standl.)

McVaugh, Brittonia 7: 307. 1951.

DERIVATION.—Slightly reddish, referring to the rusty brown

hairs on the young twigs, petioles, and midribs of leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Gila chokecherry (SPN), Chisos wild

cherry, fsouthwestern chokecherry.

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas (also Bexar County) to southern

New Mexico and western Arizona, south to northern and central

Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua to Jalisco and Guanajuato).

Prunus sphaerocarpa Sw., see ?• myrtifolia (L.) Urban

PRUNUS SPINOSA L. fSLOE; BLACKTHORN

iPrunus spinosa L., Sp. PI. 475. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Spiny, referring to the spiny branches.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation in southeastern Canada and

northeastern United States and naturalized locally. Native of

Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia.

Prunus subcordata Benth. Elamath plum

-fPrunus subcordata Benth., PI. Hartw. 308, 1848.

Prunus subcordata var. kelloggii Lemmon, Pittonia 2: 67.

1890.

Prunus oregana Greene, Pittonia 3: 21. 1896.

Prunus subcordata var. oregana (Greene) W. F. Wight, U. S.

Dept. Agr. Bui. 179: 33. 1915.

DERIVATION.—Somewhat cordate or heart-shaped, referring to

the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fPacific plum. Sierra plum, western

plum, wild plum.

RANGE.—^Western and southern Oregon south to central California.

Prunus tarda Sarg., see P. umbellata Ell,

Prunus tenuifolia Sarg., see P. mexicana S. Wats.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 303

Prunus umbellata EIL flatwoods plum

-fPrunus umbellata Ell, Sketch Bot. S.-C- Ga. 1: 541. 1821,

Prunus injucunda Small, Torrey Bot, Club Bui. 25: 149.

1898.

fPrunus umbellata var. injucunda (Small) Sarg., Silva No.

Amer. 18: 21, pi. 631. 1902.

Prunus mitis Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 162. 1902.

Prunus tarda Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 38: 108. 1902.

IfPrunus umbellata tarda (Sarg.) W. F. Wight, U. S. Dept.

Agr. Bul. 179: 54. 1915.

DERIVATION.—^With umbels, referring to the flower clusters.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^hog plum, sloe, fblack sloe.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, chiefly, from southern North Carolina

south to central Florida, west to eastern and central Texas, and

north to southern Arkansas.

Prunus valida (Woot. & Standl.) Rydb., see P. virginiana L.

Prunus virens (Woot. & Standl.) Shreve, see P. serótina var.

rufula (Woot. & Standl.) McVaugh

Pninus virginiana L. common chokecherry

•fPrunus virginiana L., Sp. PI. 473. 1753 ; in part.

Padus virginiana (L.) Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Padus No.

3. 1768; in part.

Prunus nana Du Roi, Harbk. Wilde Baumz. 2: 194, pi. 4.

1772.

Padus nana (Du Roi) Borkh., Archiv. Bot. 1(2) : 38. 1797.

Cerasus demissa Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FI. No. Amer. 1:

411. 1840.

Prunus demissa (Nutt.) D. Dietr., Ssmops. PI. 3: 43. 1843

(before March).

Prunus demissa (Nutt.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 10.

1843.

^Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr, in Wilkes,

U. S. Expl. Exped. 17: 284. 1874.

Cerasus demissa var. mélanocarpa A. Neis., Bot. Gaz. 34:

25. 1902.

Prunus melanocarpa (A. Neis.) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club

Bul. 33: 143. 1906.

Padus melanocarpa (A. Neis.) Shafer in Britton & Shafer,

No. Amer. Trees 504. 1908.

Prunus demissa var. melanocarpa A. Neis, ex Koehne, Deut.

Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 20: 231. 1911.

Padus valida Woot. & Standl., U. S. Nati. Mus. Contrib.

U. S. Nati. Herbarium 16: 134. 1913.

Prunus valida (Woot. & Standl.) Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. Plains

451, 1062. 1917

iPrunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Neis.) Sarg.,

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 117. 1920.

Padus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Neis.) Moldenke,

Phytologia 3: 420. 1951.
304 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 Ü. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—Of Virginia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fchokecherry, black chokecherry,

California chokecherry, eastern chokecherry, fwestern chokecherry, caupulin.

RANGE.—Widely distributed from Newfoundland and eastern

Quebec west across Canada to British Columbia, south from

Washington to southern California, east to Arizona, New Mexico,

Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, and Maine, and

south in mountains to eastern Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina,

and Georgia.

REFERENCES.—Fernald, M. L. Prunus virginiana the correct

name of the chokecherry. Rhodora 18: 140-141. 1916.

Mackenzie, Kenneth K, Concerning the proper identification

of Linnaean species, especially those based on material collected

by Clayton. Rhodora 30: 232-237. 1929.

Rehder, Alfred. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 10: 55. 1929.

Some authors have used the name Prunus nana Du Roi (Padus nana

(Du Roi) Borkh.) for this species and have applied the name Prunus virginiana L. {Padus virginiana (L.) Mill.) to the black cherry, Prunus serótina Ehrh. of this list.

Prunus virginiana L., see also P. serótina Ehrh.

Pseudophoenix H. Wendl. (Family Palmae) cherrypalm

Pseudophoenix H. Wendl. ex Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 11: 314. 1886;

nomen provisorium. H. Wendl. ex. Sarg., Gard, and

Forest 1: 352, figs. 55, 56. 1888.

DERIVATION.—False Phoenix, or false date palm, from the resemblance to the palm genus Phoenix L.

REFERENCE.—Bailey, L. H. The Pseudophoenix puzzle.

Gentes Herbarum 4: 276-284, illus. 1939.

Pseudophoenix sargentii H. Wendl. Florida cherrypalm

Pseudophoenix sargentii H. Wendl. ex Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 11:

314. 1886; nomen provisorium. H. Wendl. ex Sarg.,

Gard, and Forest 1: 352, fig. 55, 56. 1888.

DERIVATION.—In honor of its discoverer, Charles Sprague

Sargent (1841-1927), American dendrologist, director of the

Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University and author of the 14-

volume Silva of North America.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Sargent cherrypalm (SPN), fhog

cabbage-palm.

RANGE.—Upper Florida Keys (Sands, Elliott, Long, and Upper

Matecumbe Keys), probably almost extinct except in cultivation.

Also in Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola.

In the 1927 Check List this species was included in ^Pseudophoenix vîntfera (Martius) Becc, which, as now interpreted, is confined to Hispaniola.

Pseudotsuga Carr. (Family Pinaceae) Douglas-fir

fPseudotsuga Carr., Traité Gén. Conif. Ed. 2, 256. 1867.

DERIVATION.—False hemlock; from Greek pseudo-, false, and

Japanese tsuga, hemlock, referring to the relationship to Tsuga

(Endl.) Carr.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 305

REFERENCES.—Flous, F. Diagnoses d'espèces et variétés nouvelles de Pseudotsuga américains. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul.

66: 329-346, illus. 1934. Reprinted as Lab. Forest. Toulouse

Trav. tome 1, v. 2, art. 6, 18 pp., illus., 1934.

Flous, F. Révision du genre Pseudotsuga. Soc. d'Hist. Nat.

Toulouse Bul. 71: 33-164, illus. 1937. Preprinted as Lab.

Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 2, v. 4, art. 2, 132 pp., illus. 1936.

Henry, Augustine, and Flood, Margaret G. The Douglas firs:

a botanical and silvicultural description of the various species of

Pseudotsuga. Roy. Irish Acad. Proc. 35(B) : 67-92, illus. 1920.

Little, Elbert L, Jr. The genus Pseudotsuga (Douglas-fir)

in North America. Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 181-198. 1952.

Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (Vasey) Mayr bigcone Douglas-fir

Abies douglasii var. macrocarpa Torr, in Ives, Rpt. Colo.

R. pt. 4: 28. 1860; nomen nudum.

Abies macrocarpa Vasey, Gard. Monthly and Hort. 18: 21.

1876 (Jan.).

Abies douglasii var. macrocarpa Torr, ex Vasey, Cat. Forest

Trees U. S. 33. 1876; U. S. Comm. Agr. Rpt. 1875: 181.

1876.

Pseudotsuga douglasii var. macrocarpa (Vasey) Engelm. in

S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 120. 1879.

•fPseudotsuga macrocarpa [Vasey] Mayr, Wald. Nordamer.

278, pis. 6, 8, 9. 1890.

Pseudotsuga californica Flous, Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse

Bui. 66: 330, pi. 1934; Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome

1, V. 2, art. 6: 2, pi. 1934.

DERIVATION.—Large-fruited, referring to the very large cones.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fbigcone-spruce, hemlock.

RANGE.—Mountains of southern California.

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco fDouglas-fir

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—common Douglas-fir (SPN), Douglasspruce, red fir, Oregon-pine.

Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas-fir (typical)

Pinus taxifolia Lamb., Descr. Genus Pinus 1: 51, pi. 33.

1803. Not P. taxifolia Salisb., Prodr. 399. 1796.

Abies teíTÍ/oZm [(Lamb.)] Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot.

6: 523. [1805.] Not Abies taxifolia Mus. ex Du Tour,

Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. 20: 114. 1803; nom. illegit. Not

Abies taxifolia Desf., Tabl. École Bot. Mus. Nat. 206.

1804.

Abies menziesii Mirb., Paris Mus. Hist. Nat. Mém. 13: 63,

70. lS2b; as''Menziezii."

Abies douglasii Hort, ex Loud., Hort. Brit. 888. 1830;

nomen nudum.

Pinus douglasii Sabine ex D. Don in Lamb., Descr. Genus

Pinus. Ed. 3 (8''), v. 2, unnumbered page between p. 144

and p. 145, pi. [47]. 1832.

Abies mucronata Ral, Atl. Jour. 1: 120. 1832 (autumn).
306 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Abies douglasii (Lamb.) LindL, Penny Cycl. 1: 32, illus.

1833.

Abies douglasii var. taxifoliahond., Arb. Frut. Brit. 4: 2319,

fig. 2231. 1838.

Pseudotsuga douglasii (Lindl.) Carr., Traité Gén. Conif.

Ed. 2, 256. 1867.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lamb.) Britten, N. Y. Acad. Sei.

Trans. 8: 74. 1889.

Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. in Holz., U. S. Dept.

Agr. Div. Botany, Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 3:

266. 1895.

^Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britton ex Sudw., U. S. Dept.

Agr. Div. Forestry Bui. 14: 46. 1897.

^Pseudotsuga taxifolia [var.] péndula (Neumann) Sudw.,

U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forestry Bui. 14: 46. 1897.

Pseudotsuga douglasii [var.] viridis Schwerin, Deut. Dendrol.

Gesell. Mitt. 76: 257. 1907 [1908].

Pseudotsuga taxifolia A viridis (Schwerin) Ascher. &

Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. Ed. 2, 1: 287. 1913.

Pseudotstiga vancouverensis Flous, Soc d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse

Bui. 66: 340, pi. 1934; Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome

1, V. 2, art. 6: 12, pi. 1934.

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Soc. Broteriana

(Coimbra) Bol., Ser. 2, 24: 74. 1950.

Pseudotsuga menziesii var. viridis (Schwerin) Franco, Soc.

Broteriana (Coimbra) BoL, Ser. 2, 24: 77. 1950.

Recently Franco has shown that the name Pseudotsuga taxifolia

(Poir.) Britton must be rejected because Abies taxifolia Poir.,

upon which it was based, is a later homonym of A, taxifolia Desf.

(1804). In checking cross references among these and other contemporary works, he finds that the volume containing A. taxifolia

Poir., generally accepted as published in 1804, did not appear until

1805 and thus lacks priority. Further he has proposed the new

combination P. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, based upon the next

oldest name A. menziesii Mirb. (1825), which previously had been

overlooked and unindexed.

DERIVATION.—Named for Archibald Menzies (1754-1842),

Scotch physician and naturalist, who discovered it in 1791 at

Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Coast Douglas-fir, Oregon Douglas-fir.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from southwestern British

Columbia south through western Washington and western Oregon

to central coastal California, east to the Cascade Mountains in

Oregon and to the Sierra Nevada in California and western

Nevada.

REFERENCES.—^Franco, Joao do Amaral. Cedrus libanensis et

Pseudotsuga menziesii. Soc. Broteriana (Coimbra) Bol., Ser.

2, 24: 73-76. 1950.

Franco, Joao do Amaral. Soc. Broteriana (Coimbra) Bol., Ser.

2,25:206. 1951.

Little, Elbert, L., Jr. Amer. Jour. Bot. 31: 594-595. 1944.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES S07

Sprague, T. A., and Greene, M. L. The botanical name of the

Douglas fir. Kew Roy. Gard. Bul. Misc. Inform. 1938: 79-80.

1938.

Sudworth, George B. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forestry Bui. 17:

23-24. 1898.

Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco

Tsuga lindleyana Roezl, Cat. Grain. Conif. Mex. 8. 1857 ; not

seen. Roezl ex Otto, Hamburg. Gart. Blumenzeit. 13: 403.

1857. Roezl ex Schlecht., Linnaea 29: 329. 1858.

Pseudotsuga lindleyana [Roezl] Carr., Rev. Hort. [Paris]

40: 152, pi. 1868.

Abies lindleyanxt (Roezl) A. Murray in Ravenscroft, Pinetum

Brit. V. 2 (pt. 32-34), sig. 29: 4, figs. 23, 26-29. 1869;

"sub-sp." of Abies douglasii Lindl.

Tsuga douglasii var. glauca Beissn. in Jäger & Beissn.,

Ziergeh. Gärt. Park. Ed. 2, 446. 1884; not seen; seen in

ed. 3, 446. 1889.

Pseudotsuga douglasii var. glauca Mayr, Wald. Nordamer.

307, pi. 6. 1890.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia [var.] glauca (Beissn.) Sudw., U. S.

Dept. Agr. Forestry Bui. 14: 48. 1897.

Pseudotsuga glauca Mayr, Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 1901 :

57. 1901; not seen; seen in ed. 2, 10: 319. 1910.

Pseudotsuga douglasii [var.] caesia Schwerin, Deut. Dendrol.

Gesell. Mitt. 16: 257. 1907 [1908].

Pseudotsuga taxifolia B caesia (Schwerin) Ascherson &

Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. Ed. 2, 1: 287. 1913.

Pseudotsuga taxifolia subsp. glauca (Mayr) Schwerin, Deut.

Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 33: 91. 1923.

Pseudotsuga glauca var. caesia (Schwerin) Fitschen in

Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. Ed. 3, 93. 1930.

Pseudotsuga guinieri Flous, Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bui.

66: 211, pi. 1934; Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v.

2, art. 2:1, pi. 1934.

Pseudotsuga macrolepis Flous, Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bui.

66: 219, pi. 1934 ; Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v.

2, art. 2: 9, pi. 1934.

Pseudotsuga flahaulti Flous, Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bui.

66: 332, pi. 1934; Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v.

2, art. 6: 4, pi. 1934.

Pseudotsuga globulosa Flous, Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bui.

66: 334, pi. 1934; Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1,

V. 2, art. 6: 6, pi. 1934.

Pseudotsuga guinieri YSLY. mediostrobus Flous, Soc. d'Hist.

Nat. Toulouse Bui. 66: 342, pi. 1934 ; Lab. Forest. Toulouse

Trav. tome 1, v. 2, art. 6: 14, pi. 1934.

Pseudotsuga guinieri var. parvistrobu^ Flous, Soc. d'Hîst.

Nat. Toulouse Bul. 66: 342. 1934; Lab. Forest. Toulouse

Trav. tome 1, v. 2, art. 6: 14. 1934.
308 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Pseudotsuga merrillii Flous, Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bui.

66: 366, pi. 1934; Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v.

2, art. 6: 8, pi. 1934.

Pseudotsuga rehderi Flous, Soc, d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bui.

66: 388, pi. 1934; Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1,

V. 2, art. 6: 10, pi. 1934.

Pseudotsuga caesia (Schwerin) Flous, Soc. d'Hist. Nat.

Toulouse Bui. 71: 74, pi. 1937; Lab. Forest. Toulouse

Trav. tome 2, v. 4, art. 2: 42, pi. 1936.

Pseudotsuga menziesii var. caesia (Schwerin) Franco, Soc.

Broteriana (Coimbra) Bol., Ser. 2, 24: 77. 1950.

Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Mayr) Franco, Soc.

Broteriana (Coimbra) Bol., Ser. 2, 24: 77. 1950.

DERIVATION.—Glaucous, or covered with a bloom, referring to

the blue-green foliage.

COMMON NAMES.—blue Douglas-fir (SPN), Colorado Douglasfir, Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir.

RANGE.—Rocky Mountain region from southwestern Alberta

and central British Columbia south in mountains in Montana,

Idaho, eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, eastern Nevada,

Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Trans-Pecos

Texas. Also south in mountains of northern and central Mexico

(Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas, Coahuila, Nuevo León,

Hidalgo, and Puebla).

REFERENCE.—Frothingham, E. H. Douglas fir: a study of the

Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain forms. U. S. Dept. Agr. Forest

Serv. Cir. 150, 38 pp., illus. 1909.

It seems desirable to recognize the Douglas-fir of the Rocky Mountain

region as a separate geographical variety. Its differences from the Douglasfir of the Pacific coast region certainly are of varietal rank, and some authors

regard the two as different species. The silvicultural differences were summarized by Frothingham as long ago as 1909. This variation was recorded

as a cultivated variety in the 1927 Check List.

PsiDiUM L. (Family Myrtaceae) GUAVA

Psidium L., Sp. PI. 470. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 211. 1754.

DERIVATION.—^A late Latin name for the pomegranate, employed

by Linnaeus as a generic name for guava, after rejecting Tournefort's earlier Guxicaja.

PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L. COMMON GUAVA

Psidium guajava L., Sp. PI. 470. 1753.

DERIVATION.—From the Spanish name guayaba.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^guava, guayaba.

RANGE.—Naturalized in Florida, including Florida Keys. Native

of tropical America from southern Mexico to South America.

Widely cultivated and naturalized northward to West Indies and

in Old World tropics.

This genus and species were mentioned in a note in the 1927 Check List.

Now well established in southern Florida, but the early report from southern

California by Small (Fl. Southeast. U. S. 833. 1903) has not been confirmed by more recent authors.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 309

Psilorhegma suffruticosa (Koenig) Britton, see Cassia suffruticosa Koenig

Psychatria L. (Family Rubiaceae) balsamo

Myrstiphyllum P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist.- Jamaica 152. 1756 ;

nomen rejiciendum,

Psychotrophtm P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 160. 1756;

nomen rejiciendum.

fPsychotria L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 929, 1364. 1759; nomen

conservandum.

DERIVATION.—From a Greek word meaning life-giving, or revivifying, alluding to the use of seeds of some species as a substitute for coffee.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—wildcoifee (SPN).

Psychotrîa ligustrifolîà (Northrop) Millsp. Bahama balsamo

Myrstiphyllum ligustrifolium Northrop, Torrey Bot. Club

Mem. 12: 68. 1902.

-fPsychotria bahamensis Millsp. in Britton, N, Y. Bot. Gard.

Bul. 3:451. 1905.

Psychotria ligustrifolia (Northrop) Millsp., Field Mus. Pub.

Bot. 2: 172. 1906.

DERIVATION.—With leaves like Ligiistrum, or privet-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Bahama wildcoifee.

RANGE.—Florida Keys. Also in Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico.

A shrub to 16 feet in height, reported to become a small tree.

Psychotria undata Jacq. Seminóle balsamo

^Psychotria undata Jacq., Hort Schoenbr. 3: 5, pi. 260. 1798.

Psychotria lanceolata Nutt., Amer. Jour. Sei. and Arts 5:

290. 1822.

-fPsychotria nervosa var. lanceolata (Nutt.) Sarg., Trees and

Shrubs 2: 185. 1911.

DERIVATION.—Wavy, perhaps referring to the leaf margins.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Seminóle wildcoifee (SPN) fbalsamo.

RANGE.—Florida, north on east coast to St. Johns County, and

south to Florida Keys. Also in West Indies and from Mexico

(Veracruz) to Central America.

Commonly shrubby but recorded also as a small tree.

fPsychotria nervosa Sw., which has been accepted by some authors for

this species and which was included as a separate species in the 1927 Check

List, is a species of Jamaica, according to Urban (Symb. Antill. 7: 454.

191ö}.

Ptelea L. (Family Rutaceae) hoptree

^Ptelea L., Sp. PI. 118. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 54. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Greek name of elm, applied by

Linnaeus to this genus with similar fruit.

Ptelea angustifolia Benth. narrowleaf hoptree

?Ptelea baldwinii Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 1: 215. 1838.
310 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Ptelea angustifolia Benth., PL Hartw. 9. 1839.

Ptelea crenulata Greene, Pittonia 1: 216. 1888.

Ptelea haldivinii var. crenulata (Greene) Jeps., Fl. West.

Middle Calif. 249. 1901.

Ptelea cognata Greene, U. S. Nati. Mus. Contrib. U. S. Nati.

Herbarium 10: 62. 1906.

Ptelea angustifolia var. cognata (Greene) Kearney & Peebles,

Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 29: 485. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Narrowleaf.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^western hoptree.

RANGE.—Central and southern Texas to New Mexico, Colorado,

Utah, northern California, and Arizona. Also south into Mexico.

A shrub or small tree 10 to 26 feet tall.

Ptelea pallida Greene (U. S. Nati. Mus. Contrib. U. S. Nati.

Herbarium 10: 70. 1906), pale hoptree, is a shrub of New Mexico

and Arizona which may sometimes become a small tree as

defined here. It was recorded as a shrub or small tree 10 feet or

more in height by Little (Southwest. Trees. U. S. Dept. Agr,,

Agr. Handb. 9: 73-74, fig. 1950).

Ptelea trifoliata L. common hoptree

iPtelea trifoliata L., Sp. PI. 118. 1753.

Ptelea ? tomentosa Raf., Fl. Ludoviciana 108. 1817.

^Ptelea trifoliata ß mollis Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 1 :

680. 1840.

Ptelea trifoliata var. deamiana NieuwL, Amer. Midland Nat.

2:179. 1912.

DERIVATION.—^Three-leaved, from the three leaflets.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fhoptree, woolly common hoptree,

^jvafpr-ash

RANGE.—Connecticut and New York to extreme southern Ontario, central Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, and eastern Kansas,

south to central and southern Texas, and east to northern Florida.

Local in southern Quebec. Also south into Mexico.

PúNICA L. (Family Punicaceae) POMEGRANATE

iPunica L., Sp. PI. 472. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 212. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From the Latin word for Carthage ; the Romans

called pomegranate malum punicum (Punic apple) and malvm

(or pomum) granatum, garnet apple or many-seeded apple.

PúNICA GRANATUM L. IPOMEGRANATE

fPúnica granatum L., Sp. PI. 472. 1753.

DERIVATION.—^A Latin word which may be translated "garnet**

and also many-seeded.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—common pomegranate (SPN).

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized in Florida.

Native of southern Asia and widely planted and naturalized in

tropical and subtropical regions.

PYRUS L. (Family Rosaceae) PEAR

^Pyrus L., Sp. PL 479. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 214. 1754.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 311

Pirus L. corr. Hall, Hist 2: 34. 1768. Norn, conserv. propos.,

Janchen, Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni Veg. 62:154. 1943.

DERIVATION.—Classical Latin name of the pear tree.

Pyrus L., see also Malus Mill, and Sorbus L.

PYRUS COMMUNIS L. fPEAR

fPyrus communis L., Sp. PI. 479. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Conunon.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—common pear (SPN).

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized locally in

various parts of the United States from Maine to Missouri, Texas,

and Florida. Native of Europe and Asia.

QuercusL. (Family Fagaceae) foak

fQuercMs L., Sp. PL 994. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 431. 1754.

Erythrobalanus (Oerst.) 0. Schwarz, [Berlin] Bot. Gard. u.

Mus. Notizbl. 13: 4,8. 1936 ; Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni

Veg. Sonderbeih. D, 1: 35. 1936.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name of oaks.

Quercus is the largest genus of native trees in number of species, with

the exception of Crataegus, In this summary, which excludes several shrubby

species, 58 native species and 1 naturalized species are accepted.

Numerous hybrids have been distinguished in Quercusy more than the

number of species, and the list continues to expand. The 69 accepted hybrids

with binomial names are placed in alphabetical order with the species and

are further listed under both parent species. Many natural hybrids between

related species of Quercus have been reported, though in most cases the

actual hybrid origin has not been confirmed experimentally and in a few

instances the parentage is in doubt.

How to name hybrids is controversial. The simplest method is simply an

informal union of the specific names of the supposed parents by means of

the multiplication or times sign (X). However, the practice of designating

hybrids by binomials, which was used in the 1927 Check List and which

has been adopted widely, has been continued here. Some hybrids were first

thought to be species when given binomial names, and the status may not

be apparent or agreed upon. One binomial is sufiicient to include all crosses

from diiïerent varieties of the same two parent species and to embrace all

intermediate individuals not better identified under a parental species.

Varietal names of hybrids are unnecessary.

Palmer (1948), in the reference cited below, has prepared a valuable

compilation of hybrids in Quercus, which has been followed with minor

exceptions. Several additional hybrids in Quercus have not been given

binomial names, either because specimens were sterile or inadequate or

because the persons studying them preferred not to use binomials. These

hybrids without binomial names have not been included here, but several

were mentioned by Müller (1951) and Palmer (1948) in the references listed

below.

The four binomials listed below represent doubtfully authenticated hybrids,

according to Palmer, and perhaps should not be accepted until studied

further.

fQuercus Xbenderi Baenitz (Allg. Bet. Ztschr. 9: 84. 1903; as Q. coccínea

X rubra) was described from cultivated trees in Germany but was afterward reported from Massachusetts. This cross would be difficult to distinguish, and the original specimens may be Q. ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill, instead,

according to Palmer (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 29: 17-18. 1948).

Quercus Xburnetensis Little (Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 33: 9. 1943; as

(3. macrocarpa X virginiana) was published as a new name for fQuercus

Xcoloradensis Ashe (Torrey Bot. Club Buï. 49: 268. 1922), not Q. colora-
s 12 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

densîs Lesq. (Harvard Univ. Mus. Compar. Zool. Bul. 16: 46. 1888; fossil,

Eocene, Colo.). No additional collections of this doubtful hybrid, originally

cited from Burnet County, Tex., were reported by Palmer (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 29: 19. 1948) or Müller (Tex. Res. Found. Contrib. 1: 31. 1951).

iQuercus Xcocksii Sarg. (Bot. Gaz. 65: 459. 1918; as Q. rhombica X

velutina), Cocks oak, was based upon sterile material from Rapides Parish,

La. It may be synonymous with Q. Xbeaumantiuna Sarg., according to

Palmer (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 29: 21. 1948).

fQuercus Xoviedoensis Sarg. (Bot. Gaz. 65: 459. 1918; as Q, incana X

myrtifolia) likewise was named from sterile material collected in Seminóle

County, Fla., and is of doubtful identity, according to Palmer (Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 29: 36. 1948).

REFERENCES.—^Billings, W. D. A bud and twig key to the southeastern arborsecent oaks. Jour. Forestry 34: 475-476. 1936.

Camus, A. Les Chênes. Monographie du genre Quercus. 2 v.,

illus. (Also atlas of 2 folio v.) 1934-39. {In Encyclopédie Économique de Sylviculture, v. 6-7.)

Coker, William C, and Totten, Henry R. Trees of the southeastern States. Ed. 3, 419 pp., illus. 1945. Quercus, pp. 110-158,

illus.

Dyal, Sarah C. A key to the species of oaks of eastern North

America based on foliage and twig characters. Rhodora 38:

53-63, illus. 1936.

MuUer, Cornelius H. Oaks of Trans-Pecos Texas. Amer. Midland Nat. 24: 703-728, illus. 1940.

Müller, Cornelius H, The oaks of Texas. Tex. Res. Found.

Contrib. 1: 21-311, illus. 1951.

Palmer, Ernest J. The red oak complex in the United States.

Amer. Midland Nat. 27:732-740, illus. 1942.

Palmer, Ernest J. Hybrid oaks of North America. Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 29: 1-48. 1948.

Tillson, A. H., and Müller, C. H. Anatomical and taxonomic

approaches to segregation in American Quercus. Amer. Jour.

Bot. 29: 523-529, illus. 1942.

Trelease, William. The American oaks. Nati. Acad. Sei.

Mem. 20, 255 pp., illus. 1924.

Williams, Simon. Secondary vascular tissues of the oaks

indigenous to the United States. I-III. Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 66:

353-365, illus. 1939; 69: 1-10, 115-129, illus. 1942.

Quercus acuminata (Michx.) Sarg., see Q. muehlenbergii Engelm.

Quercus agrifolia Née California live oak

•\Quercus agrifolia Née, An. Cien. Nat. [Madrid] 3: 271.

1801.

Quercus oxyadenia Torr, in Sitgreaves, Rpt. Exped. Zuni

Colo. Rivers 172, pi. 17. 1853.

Quercus agrifolia var. frutescens Engelm. in S. Wats., Bot.

Calif. 2:98. 1879.

-^Quercus pricei Sudw., Forestry and Irrig. 13: 157, fig. A.

1907.

Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia (Torr.) J. T. Howell,

Madroño 2: 38. 1931.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES S13

DERIVATION.—^Perhaps a printer's mistake for acrifolia, sharpleaved, or aqidfolia, hollyleaf; literally field-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fcoast live oak, encina.

RANGE.—Northern to southern California in Coast Ranges and

in northern Lower California, Mexico.

HYBRID.—Quercus Xganderi C. B. Wolf (Q. agrifolia X kelloggii).

Quercus alba L. fwhite oak

fQuercus alba L., Sp. PI. 996. 1753.

\Quercus alba [var.] repanda Michx., Hist. Chênes Amer.

Sept., Quercus No. 4, pi. 5, fig. 2. 1801.

iQuercus alba var. latiloba Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 435. 1918.

DERIVATION.—White, from the light colored bark.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fork-leaf white oak, ridge white oak,

stave oak.

RANGE.—Central Maine to southern Quebec, southern Ontario,

Michigan, and Minnesota, south to Iowa, eastern Kansas and

eastern Texas, and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xbeadlei Trel. (Q. alba X michauxii) ; Q.

Xbebbiana Schneid. (Q. alba X macrocarpa) ; Q. Xfaxonii Trel.

(Q. alba X prinoides) ; Q. Xfernowii Trel. (Q. alba X stellata) ;

Q. Xjackiana Schneid. (Q. alba X bicolor) ; Q. Xsaulii Schneid.

(Q. alba X prinus).

Quercus alexanderi Britton, see Q. muehlenbergii Engelm.

Quercus alvordiana Eastw., see Q. dumosa var. alyordiana

(Eastw.) Jeps.

Quercus Xanceps Palmer —

Quercus falcata X imbricaría

Quercus Xanceps Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 29: 14.

1948; as Q. falcata X imbricaría.

DERIVATION.—Two-edged.

RANGE.—Southeastern Illinois.

Quercus Xandrewsii Sarg., see Q. havardii Rydb.

Quercus andromeda Riddell, see Q. virginiana var. marítima

(Michx.) Sarg. :

Quercus annuMa BuckL, see Q. durandii var. breviloba (Torr.)

Palmer

Quercus arenicola Ashe, see Q. laurifolia Michx.

Quercus arîzonîca Sarg. tArizona white oak

fQuercus arizonica Sarg., Gard, and Forest 8: 92. 1895.

Quercus arizonica var. wootoni Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem.

20: 89. 1924.

DERIVATION.—Of Arizona.
314 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Arizona oak, roble.

RANGE.—^^Trans-Pecos Texas and southern New Mexico to central Arizona, and south to northern Mexico (Sonora to Coahuila

and Durango).

HYBRID.—Quercus Xorganensis Trel. (Q. arizonica X grísea).

Botanically, this is a white oak, though a few authors have placed it with

black oaks on the basis of a minor character in wood anatomy. Further

information may be found in the articles by A. H. Tillson and C. H. Müller

(1942) and by Simon Williams (1939-42) cited as references under Quercus,

The report of Quercus endémica C. H. Müller (Amer. Midland Nat. 18:

846. 1937), a Mexican species, from Chisos Mountains, Brewster County,

Tex., was later changed to Q. arizonica Sarg, by C. H. Müller (Tex. Res.

Found. Contrib, 1: 60. 1951).

Quercus arkansana Sarg. Arkansas oak

-fQuercus arkansana Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 121, pi.

152. 1911.

Quercus Xcaput-rivuli Ashe, Rhodora 25: 179. 1923.

-fQuercus arkansana X capuUrivuli (Ashe) Ashe, Elisha

Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 40: 44. 1924.

DERIVATION.—Named for Arkansas, where it was discovered at

Fulton, Hempstead County.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Arkansas water oak, fwater oak.

RANGE.—Southwestern Georgia, northern Florida, southeastern

Alabama, and southwestern Arkansas.

^XQuercus venulosa Ashe (Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 41; 268. 1936;

as Q. capulHrîvulî X cinérea) is related to Q. arkansana, but the other

parent species is uncertain, according to Palmer (Arnold Arboretum Jour.

29: 44. 1948). Besides, the name must be rejected as a later homonym of

a fossil species, Q. venulosa (Eichwald) Eichwald (Lethaoa Rossica 2(1):

63, pi. 3, fig. 11. 1865; fossil, Russia), as shown by Little (Wash. Acad.

Sei. Jour. 33: 132. 1943).

REFERENCE.—Palmer, Ernest J. Is Quercus arkansana a hybrid? Arnold Arboretum Jour. 6: 195-200. 1925.

Quercus Xasheana Little Ashe oak

Quercus incana X laevis

Quercus cinérea X catesbaei Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc.

Jour. 11: 88. 1894.

Quercus Xashei Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 48. 1917;

as Q, catesbaei X cinérea; nomen nudum.

-^Quercus Xashei Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 13, 156,

200. 1924; as Q. cinérea X laevis. Not Q. ashei Sterrett,

Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 37: 178. ^922.

Quercus Xasheana Little, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 33: 8.

1943 ; as Q. cinérea X laevis.

DERIVATION.—Named for William Willard Ashe (1872-1932),

pioneer forester of the United States Forest Service, who first

described this hybrid in 1894.

RANGE.—Georgia to central Florida and Mississippi.

Quercus ashei Sterrett, see Q. stellata Wangenh.

Quercus Xatlantica Ashe Albemarle oak

Quercus incanu X laurifolia
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 315

iQuercus atlántica Ashe, Soc. Amer. Foresters Proc. 11: 88.

1916.

QuercMs Xsublaurifolia Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 52.

1917; as Q. cinérea X laurifolia; nomen nudum.

Quercus Xsublaurifolia Trel. ex Palmer, Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 29: 42. 1948 ; as Q. incana X laurifolia.

DERIVATION.—Atlantic.

RANGE.—South Carolina and Georgia to central and northwestern Florida and Alabama.

Quercus Xbeadlei Trel. Beadle oak

Quercus alba X michauxii

Quercus Xbeadlei Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 48. 1917;

as Q. alba X prinus; nomen nudum.

iQuercus Xbeadlei Trel. ex Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour.

29: 16. 1948 ; as Q. alba X prinus [michauxUI.

DERIVATION.—Named apparently for the discoverer, Chauncey

Delos Beadle, American botanist.

RANGE.—Recorded from New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, North

Carolina, Florida, eastern Texas, and Indiana.

Quercus Xbeaumontiana Sarg. Beaumont oak

Quercus falcata X laurifolia

"^Quercus Xbeaumontiana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 451, 1918; as

Q. rhombica X rubra.

DERIVATION.—From the type locality, Beaumont, Tex.

RANGE.—Southeastern Texas.

Quercus Xbebbiana Schneid. Bebb oak

Quercus alba X macrocarpa

"^Quercus Xbebbiana Schneid., lUus. Handb. Laubholzk. 1:

201. 1904 ; as Q. macrocarpa X alba.

Quercus Xbebbianxi orpheu^i Pepoon & Trel. ex Schantz,

Amer. Bot. 40: 5, illus. 1934.

DERIVATION.—Named for the discoverer, Michael Schuck Bebb

(1833-95), American botanist and specialist on willows.

RANGE.—^Recorded from Quebec, Vermont, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri.

Quercus Xbenderi Baenitz, see note under Quercus L.

Quercus Xbernardiensis W. Wolf Bernard Oak

Quercus prinus X stellata

Quercus bernardiensis W. Wolf, Torreya 18: 161. 1918.

DERIVATION.—From Saint Bernard or Saint Bernard College

in Cullman County, northern Alabama, where it was discovered.

RANGE.—Recorded from District of Columbia and Alabama.

Originally proposed as a new species and later regarded as the hybrid

Quercus alba X stellata. According to Palmer (Arnold Arboretum Jour.

29: 18. 1948), the parents are Q. montana (Q. prinus) and Q. stellata.
316 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Quercus bicolor Willd. fswamp white oak

Quercus prmus ß Quercus platanoides Lam., Encycl. Méth.

Bot. 1: 720. 1785.

iQuercus bicolor Willd. in Mühl. & Willd., Gesell. Naturf.

Freunde Berlin Neue Sehr. 3: 396. 1801.

Quercus bicolor ß mollis Nutt., Gen. No, Amer. Pl. 2: 215.

1818.

Quercus platanoides (Lam.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Rpt.

Secy. Agr. 1892: 327. 1893.

DERIVATION.—^Two-colored, referring to leaves, which are

whitish beneath.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—white oak (lumber).

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine to New York, southwestern Quebec, southern Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, and southeastern

Minnesota, south to eastern Iowa and northeastern Arkansas, and

east to Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, and New

Jersey. Also local in northeastern Kansas, northern Virginia, and

North Carolina.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xhumidicola Palmer (Q. bicolor X lyrata) ;

Q. Xjackiana Schneid. (Q. alba X bicolor) ; Q. Xschuettei Trel.

(Q. bicolor X macrocarpa) ; Q. Xsubstellata Trel. (Q. bicolor X

stellata).

Quercus Xblufftonensis Trel. Bluffton oak

Quercus falcata X laevis

Quercus Xblufftonensis Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 48.

1917 ; as Q. catesbyi X cuneata; nomen nudum.

^Quercus Xblufftonensis Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 14.

1924; as Q. laevis X rubra [falcata^.

DERIVATION.—Named for Bluffton, S. G., where it was discovered.

RANGE.—South Carolina.

Quercus borealis Michx. F., see Q. rubra L.

Quercus boyntoni Beadle, see Q. stellata var. margaretta (Ashe)

Sarg.

Quercus brayi Small, see Q. muehlenbergii Engelm.

Quercus brevifolia (Lam.) Sarg., see Q. incana Bartr.

Quercus breviloba (Torr.) Sarg., see Q. durandii var, breviloba

(Torr.) Palmer

Quercus brevilobata Sarg., see Q. durandii var. breviloba (Torr.)

Palmer

Quercus Xbrittonii W. T. Davis Britton oak

Quercus ilicifolia X marilandica

1fQuercus Xbrittoni W. T. Davis, Sei. Amer. 67: 145. 1892

(Sept. 3) ; as Q. nigra X ilicifolia.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 317

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of Nathaniel Lord Britton

(1859-1934), director of the New York Botanical Garden, who

was born on Staten Island, where this hybrid was discovered.

RANGE.—Southern New York, New Jersey, and southeastern

Pennsylvania.

REFERENCE.—Stebbins, G. L., Jr., Matzke, E. B., and Epling, C.

Hybridization in a population of Quercus marilandica and Quercus

ilicifolia. Evolution 1: 79-88, illus. 1947.

Quercus Xburnetensis Little, see note under Quercus L.

Quercus Xbushii Sarg. Bushes oak

Quercus marilandica X velutina

-fQuercus Xbushii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 453. 1918; as Q.

marilandica X velutina.

Quercus Xincomita Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 7: 120.

1926; as Q. marilandica X rubra [falcata].

DERIVATION.—Named for the discoverer, Benjamin Franklin

Bush (1858-1937), botanist of Missouri.

RANGE.—Recorded from Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa,

Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, eastern Texas,

Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North

Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. Apparently mostly rare and

local.

Quercus Xbyarsii Sudw. Covington oak

Quercus macrocßrpa X michauxii

Quercus michauxii X macrocarpa Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Div.

Forestry Bui. 14: 158. 1897.

-fQuercus Xbyarsii Sudw. ex Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem.

20: 14. 1924; as Q. macrocarpa X prinus.

DERIVATION.—Named for James Byars, who discovered it in

1888.

RANGE.—Tennessee (Covington, Tipton County).

Quercus Xcaduca Trel. caduca oak

Quercus incana X nigra

Quercus cinérea X aquatica Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc.

Jour. 11:90. 1894.

Quercus Xcaduca Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 48. 1917;

as Q. cinérea X nigra; nomen nudum.

fQuercus Xcaduca Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 14. 1924;

as Q, cinérea X nigra.

DERIVATION.—Promptly falling.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, recorded from southeastern Virginia,

Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and eastern Texas.

Quercus californica (Torr.) Cooper, see Q. kelloggii Newb.

Quercus canbyi Trel., see note under Q. gracîlîformîs C. H. MuUer

Quercus Xcapesîi W. Wolf Capesius oak

Quercus nigra X phellos
318 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Quercus Xcapesii W. Wolf, Castanea 10: 91. 1945; as Q.

nigra X phellos.

DERIVATION.—Named for A. Capesius, who discovered the hybrid in seedlings raised from a cultivated tree at St. Bernard,

Ala.

RANGE.—New Jersey, South Carolina, and southeastern Texas.

Also in cultivation.

Quercus Xcaput-rivuli Ashe, see Q. arkansana Sarg.

Quercus Xcarolinensis Trel., see Q. Xeravenensis Little

Quercus castanea Muhl., see Q. muehlenbergii Engelm.

Quercus catesbaei Michx., see Q. laevis Walt.

Quercus chapmanîi Sarg. Chapman oak

Quercus obtusiloba Michx. var. parvifolia Chapm., Fl. South.

U. S. 423. 1860.

-fQuercus chapmani Sarg., Gard, and Forest 8: 93. 1895.

DERIVATION.—Named for Alvan Wentworth Chapman (1809-

99), physician and botanist of Apalachicola, Fla., and author of

Flora of the Southern United States, who first distinguished and

named this oak.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fChapman white oak.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern South Carolina to

southern Florida.

Quercus Xchasei McMinn, see Q. Xganderi C. B. Wolf

Quercus chesosensis (Sarg.) C. H. MuUer, see Q. graves!! Sudw.

Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. fcanyon live oak

Quercus chrysolepis var. chrysolepis canyon live oak (typical)

iQuercus chrysolepis Liehm., Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. Overs. 1854: 173. 1854.

Quercus chrysolepis var. grandis (Jeps.) Jeps,, Man. Fl. PI.

Calif. 275. 1923.

Quercus chrysolepis var. Jmnsenii (Jeps.) Jeps., Man. Fl.

PI. Calif. 275. 1923.

Quercus chrysolepis var. nana (Jeps.) Jeps., Man. Fl. PI.

Calif. 275. 1923.

Quercus chrysolepis var. péndula (Jeps.) Jeps., Man. Fl, PI.

Calif. 275. 1923.

DERIVATION.—Golden-scaled, referring to the yellowish acorn

cups.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—canyon oak, goldcup oak, live oak,

maul oak, white live oak.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oregon and California through Sierra

Nevada and Coast Ranges to northern Lower California, Mexico.

Also in western Nevada (Washoe County).

Quercus vaccinifolia Kellogg, fhuckleberry oak, included in the 1927 Check

List as iQ. chrysolepis var. vaccinifolia (Kellogg) Engelm., is a low shrub

from southwestern Oregon to central California and omitted here.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 819

Quercus chrysolepîs var. palmeri (Engelm.) Sarg. Palmer oak

Quercus chrysolepis subsp. Q. palmeri Engelm., Acad. Sei. St.

Louis Trans. 3: 393, 388. 1877.

Quercus dunni Kellogg, Pacific Rural Press 17: 371. 1879

(June 7); nom. provisor.? Sei. Bul. 1: 146. 1885.

Querms palmeri (Engelm.) Engelm. in S. Wats., Bot. Calif.

2: 97. 1879 (Oct. 1).

Quercus dunnii Kellogg ex Curran, Calif. Aead. Sei. Bul. 1 :

146. 1885.

fQuercus chrysolepis var. palmeri (Engelm.) Sarg., Silva

No. Amer. 8: 107. 1895.

Quercus wilcoxii Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 2: 227, pi. 33,

figs. 3-4. 1901.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Edward Palmer (1831-

1911), English-born American physician and collector of plants,

animals, and archeological artifacts, primarily in Mexico and

southwestern United States. More than 200 plant species bear his

name.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fcanyon live oak.

RANGE.—Southwestern New Mexico to central Arizona and

southern California, south to northwestern Mexico (northern

Lower California and Sonora).

Quercus cinérea Michx., see Q. incana Bartr.

*Quercus coccínea Muenchh. fscarlet oak

•fQuercus coccinea Muenchh., Hausvater 5: 254. 1770.

ÎQuercus Xrichteri Baenitz, AUg. Bot. Ztschr. 9: 85. 1903 ;

as Q. rubra X palustris.

^Quercus coccinea var. tuberculata Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 426.

1918.

DERIVATION.—Scarlet, referring to the brilliant fall coloring.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—black oak, red oak (lumber), Spanish

oak.

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine to New York, extreme southern

Ontario, southern Michigan, southern Illinois, and southeastern

Missouri, south to northeastern Arkansas, northeastern Mississippi, central Alabama, and northern Georgia, northward v/est of

Coastal Plain to Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey.

REFERENCES.—Croizat, Leon. An interesting oak in New York

City with brief notes on Quercus richteri Baen. Torreya 36:

139-142. 1936.

Palmer, Ernest J. XQuercus richteri Baenitz. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 29: 38. 1948.

HYBRID.—Quercus Xrobbinsii Trel. (Q. coccinea X ilicifolia).

Quercus Xcocksii Sarg., see note under Quercus L.

Quercus Xcomptoniae Sarg. Compton oak

Quercus lyrata X virginiana

Quercus Xcomptonae Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 456. 1918; Q.

lyrata X virginiana.
320 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT, OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—^Named for Miss C. C. Compton, of Natchez,

Miss., who aided C. S. Sargent in field study of this hybrid.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Ness hybrid oak.

RANGE.—Reported to Coastal Plain in southeastern Virginia,

Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and southeastern Texas.

REFERENCE.—Ness, H. Hybrids of the live oak and overcup

oak. Jour. Hered. 9: 263-268, illus. 1918.

Quercus confusa Woot. & Standl., see Q. gambelii Nutt.

Quercus Xcravenensis Little Carolina oak

Quercus incdna X marilandica

Quercus cinérea X nigra Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour.

11: 91. 1894.

Quercus Xcarolinensis Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 48.

1917; as Q. cinérea X nigra; nomen nudum.

iQuercus Xcarolinensis Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20 :

14. 1924; as Q. cinérea X marilandica. Not Q. carolinensis Muenchh., Hausvater 5: 254. 1770. Not Q.

caroliniensis Yong, Cat. Arbr. Arb. PI. Herb. Amer. 53.

1783; nomen subnudum.

Quercus Xcravenensis Little, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 33: 9.

1943 ; as Q. cinérea X marilandica.

DERIVATION.—Named for Craven County, N. C, one of the

areas where it has been found.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, reported from southeastern Virginia,

North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and eastern

Texas.

Quercus Xdeamii Trel. Deam oak

Quercus macrocarpa X muehlenbergii

Quercus alba X muhlenbergii Deam, Ind. State Bd. Forestry

Ann. Rpt. 11(1911) : 176, pi. 44. 1912.

Quercus Xdeami Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 49. 1917 ;

as Q. alba X muhlenbergii; nomen nudum.

-^Quercus Xdeami Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 14. 1924;

as Q. alba X muhlenbergii.

Quercus Xfallax Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 29: 24.

1948 ; as Q. macrocarpa X muehlenbergii.

DERIVATION.—Named for the discoverer, Charles Clemon Deam,

botanist of Indiana.

RANGE.—Indiana (Wells County).

REFERENCE.—Bartlett, H. H. Regression of XQuercus deamii

toward Quercus macrocarpa and Quercus muhlenbergii. Rhodora 53: 249-264, illus. 1951.

Bartlett has shown from progeny tests of the type tree that Quercus

'Xdeamii represents the cross Q. macrocarpa X m>uehlenbergii, rather than

Q. alba X muehlenbergii, as originally believed. The hybrid Q. alba X

muehlenbergii, recorded from Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and Illinois, is left

without a binomial name.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 321

Quercus Xdemarei Ashe Demaree oak

Quercus nigra X velutina

liQuerctLS Xdemarei Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 41 :

268. 1926; as Q. nigra X velutina.

DERIVATION.—Named for the discoverer, Delzie Demaree,

botanist of Arkansas.

RANGE.—Arkansas and Louisiana.

Quercus densiflora Hook. & Arn., see Lithocarpus densiflorus

(Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.

Quercus digitata (Marsh.) Sudw., see Q. falcata Michx.

Quercus douglasii Hook. & Am. blue oak

^Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 391.

1840.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, David Douglas (1798-

1834), Scotch botanical explorer.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—tCalifornia blue oak, iron oak, mountain oak, mountain white oak.

RANGE.—Northern to southern California.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xeplingii C. H. MuUer (Q. douglasii X

garryana) ; Q. Xjolonensis Sarg. (Q. douglasii X lohata).

Quercus drummondii Liebm., see Q. stellata var. margaretta

(Ashe) Sarg.

Quercus dumosa Nutt. tCalifornia scrub oak

HYBRID.—Q. Xtownei Pabner (Q. dumosa X lobata).

Also considered as a hybrid between Quercus dumosa and Q. engelmanniL

Mentioned in a note in the 1927 Check List.

Quercus dumosa var. dumosa California scrub oak (typical)

fQuercus dumosa Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 7. 1842.

Quercus dumosa var. longigemma (Millsp. & Nutt.) A.

Camus, Chênes 2: 463. 1939.

Quercus dumosa var. myrtifolia (Millsp. & Nutt.) A. Camus,

Chênes 2: 463. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Bushy, or shrubby.

RANGE.—^Northern California south to northern Lower California, Mexico.

The typical variety, which has the same range as the species, is a shrub

8 to 10 feet high but very rarely may become a small tree. The two

varieties listed are small trees.

Quercus durata Jeps. (iQ. dumosa var. búllala Engelm.), leather oak,

also mentioned in the 1927 Check List, is a related shrubby species of California in Coast Ranges from Lake to San Luis Obispo Counties.

Quercus dumosa var. alvordiana (Eastw.) Jeps. Alvord oak

Quercus alvordiana Eastw., Calif. Acad. Sei. Occas. Papers

9: 48, pi. 27, fig. 4. 1905.
322 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 Ü. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

fQuerCUS dumosa var, alvordiana (Eastw.) Jeps., Fl. Calif.

1: 356. 1909.

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of William Alvord, president of

the California Academy of Sciences,

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^brittle leaf oak, fCalifornia shrub

oak.

RANGE.—California, inner south Coast Range from Fresno and

Monterey Counties southeast to Kern, San Luis Obispo, and

Ventura Counties.

Generally a shrub 6 to 10 feet high but sometimes a small tree 16 feet or

more in height and becoming 1 to 2 feet or more in trunk diameter, according

to Lyman Benson (Amer. Jour. Bot. 27: 190. 1940).

Quercus dumosa var. macdonaldii (Greene) Jeps. McDonald oak

Quercus macdonaldi Greene in Kellogg & Greene, lUus. West

Amer. Oaks 25. 1889; 73, pi. 34. 1890.

Quercus dumosa var. macdoTialdii (Greene) Jeps., Man. Fl.

PI. Calif. 274. 1923.

Quercus dumosa subsp. macdonaldi (Greene) A. Camus,

Chênes 2: 470. 1939 ; Atlas 2: 68. 1936.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to Capt. James M. McDonald, who

financed the publication of Kellogg and Greene's volume. Illustrations of West American Oaks.

RANGE.—Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and Santa Catalina Islands

off coast of southern California.

Quercus dunni Kellogg, see Q. chrysolepis var. palmeri (Engelm.)

Sarg.

Quercus durandii Buckl. Durand oak

HYBRID.—Quercus Xmacnabiana Sudw. (Q. durandii X stellata).

Quercus durandii var. durandii Durand oak (typical)

IQuercus sinuata Walt., Fl. Carol. 235. 1788 ; nom. dubium.

^Quercus durandii Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. [v. 12]

1860:445. 1860.

'\Quercus austrina Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 353, 1329.

1903.

Quercus durandii var. austrina (Small) Palmer, Amer.

Midland Nat. 33: 518, fig. 2. 1945.

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of Elias Magloire Durand

(1794-1873), American botanist.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—bluflt oak, fbastard white oak, fDurand white oak, white oak.

RANGE.—Gulf Coastal Plain from southeastern South Carolina

to central Florida, west to southwestern Arkansas, northwestern

Louisiana, and central and southern Texas.

REFERENCE.—^Palmer, Ernest J. Quercus durandii and its

allies. Amer. Midland Nat. 33: 514-519, illus. 1945.

Quercus durandii var. breviloba (Torr.) Palmer Bigelow oak

Quercus obtusifolia var.? breviloba Torr., U. S. Mex. Bound.

Surv. Bot. 206. 1859.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 323

iQuerctis annulata Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 1860

[v. 12] : 445. 1860. Not Q. annulata J. E. Smith in Rees,

Cycl. 29: Quercus No. 22. 1814 (?). Not Q. annulata

Korthals, Verband. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt. Bot. 213.

1839-42 [1841?].

Quercus brevilobata Sarg., Gard, and Forest 8: 93. 1895.

Quercus breviloba (Torr.) Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 8: 71, pi.

384. 1895.

Quercus breviloba subsp. pseudocrispata A. Camus, Chênes

2:680. 1939; Atlas 2: pi. 215, figs. 9-11. 1936.

Quercus sinuata var. breviloba (Torr.) C. H. Müller in

Johnst., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 25: 439. 1944.

Quercus durandii var. breviloba (Torr.) Palmer, Amer. Midland Nat. 33: 516, fig. 3. 1945.

DERIVATION.—Short-lobed, referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—scrub oak, fshin oak, white oak.

RANGE.—Southern Oklahoma (Arbuckle Mountains) and from

central Texas (Edwards Plateau) to Trans-Pecos Texas, south

to northeastern Mexico (Coahuila to Tamaulipas).

Quercus durata Jeps., see note under Q. dumosa Nutt.

Quercus eastwoodiae Rydb., see Q. gambelii Nutt.

Quercus Xegglestonii Trel. Eggleston oak

Quercus imbricaria X shumardii

Quercus Xegglestoni Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 14.

1924; as Q. imbricaria^ X shumardii.

Quercus Xshirlingii Bush ex Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot.

Gard. Ann. 22: 521. 1935; as Q. imbricaria X shumardii

var. schneckii.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Willard Webster

Eggleston (1863-1935), botanist of the United States Department

of Agriculture.

RANGE.—^Kentucky and Missouri.

*Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J.^Hill northern pin oak

-fQuercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill, Bot. Gaz. 27: 204, pis. 2,

3. 1899.

Quercus ellipsoidalis var. coccinioides Farwell, Amer. Midland Nat. 12: 120. 1930.

Quercus ellipsoidalis var. kaposianensis J. W. Moore, Rhodora

52: 56. 1950.

DERIVATION.—Ellipsoidal, referring to the shape of the acorns.

OTHER COMMON NAMES—^black oak, fjack oak, HilFs oak.

RANGE.—Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, southern Manitoba,

and southeastern North Dakota, south to Iowa, northern Missouri,

northern Illinois, and northern Indiana.

REFERENCE.—Wadmond, S. C. The Quercus ellipsoidalis—

Quercus coccínea complex. Wis. Acad. Sei. Arts Let. Trans. 28 :

197-203, illus. 1933.
324 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

HYBRID.—Quercus Xpalaeolithicola Trel. (Q. ellipsoidalis X

velutina) •

Quercus elongata Willd., see Q. falcata Michx.

*Quercus emoryi Torr. fEmory oak

fQuercus emoryi Torr, in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconn. Ft.

Leav. Calif. 151, pi. 9. 1848.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Lt. Col. William

Hemsley Emory (1811-87), leader of two military and scientific

expeditions in the Southwest, and a Major General in the Civil

War.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—bellota, black oak, blackjack oak, roble

negro.

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas to southwestern New Mexico and

central Arizona, and south to northern Mexico (Sonora and

Chihuahua).

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xrobusta C. H. Müller (Q. emoryi X

gravesii) ; Q. Xtharpii C. H. Müller (Q. emoryi X graciliformis).

Quercus endémica C. H. Müller, see note under Q. arizoniça Sarg.

Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann oak

-fQuercus engelmanni Greene in Kellogg & Greene, Illus. West

Amer. Oaks 33, pi. 9, fig. 3, pi. 15, figs. 2, 3, pi. 17. 1889.

Quercus dumosa var. elegantula (Greene) Jeps., Man. Fl. PI.

Calif. 274. 1923.

DERIVATION.—Named in memory of George Engelmann (1809-

84), American physician and botanist of German birth, who

studied this species and who monographed the American oaks and

other groups.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fevergreen white oak, mesa oak.

RANGE.—Southwestern California (Los Angeles County to San

Diego County) and northern Lower California, Mexico.

Quercus grandidentata Ewan (Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 64: 512. 1937) was

described after publication of the 1927 Check List as a local species of Los

Angeles County, Calif., becoming a small tree to 20 feet high. Apparently it

is closely related to Q. engelmannii and may be a hybrid between that species

and Q. dumosa. The name must be rejected as a later homonym of the fossil,

Q. grandidentata Unger (Gen. Spec. PI. Foss. 401. 1850; fossil, Miocene,

Galicia), as shown by Little (Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 33: 132. 1943).

Quercus Xeplingii C. H. Müller Epling oak

Quercus douglasii X garryana

Quercus Xeplingi C. H. MuUer, Amer. Midland Nat. 19: 585.

1938; as Q, garryana X douglasii.

DERIVATION.—Named for Carl Epling, botanist of California.

RANGE.—California (Lake County).

Quercus Xexacta Trel. shinglepin oak

Quercus imbricaría X palustris

Quercus imbricaria X palustris A. Braun, Gesell, f. Naturf.

Freunde Berl. Sitzber. 1870: 82. 1871.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 325

Quercus Xexacta TreL, Amer. Phil. See. Proc. 56: 49. 1917 ;

as Q. imbricaría X palustris; nomen nudum.

iQuercus Xexacta Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20:14. 1924 ;

as Q. imbricaría X palustris.

DERIVATION.—Exact, precise, or uniform, referring to the uniform, spreading teeth.

RANGE.—Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri.

Quercus fálcala Michx. fsouthem red oak

REFERENCES.—See Quercus rubra L.

Some authors since 1915, including the 1927 Check List, adopted for

southern red oak the name Quercus rubra, which is restored here for northern

red oak, foUowing Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 546, 548. 1950).

HYBRIDS.—Q. Xanceps Palmer (Q. falcata X imbricaría) ; Q.

XbeaumontianaSsiYg. (Q. falcata X laurifolia) ; Q. Xblufftonensis

Trel. (Q. falcata X laevis) ; Q. Xgarlandensis Palmer (Q. falcata

X¡ nigraj ; Q. Xjoorii Trel. (Q. falcata X shumardii) ; Q.

Xhidoviciana Sarg. (Q. falcata X phellos) ; Q. Xsubintegra Trel.

(Q. falcata X incana) ; Q. Xwilldenowianxi (Dippel) Zabel (Q.

falcata X velutina).

Quercus falcata var. falcata southern red oak (typical)

^Quercus rubra L., Sp. PI. 996. 1758 ; in part.

Quercus nigra var. digitata Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 121.

1785.

Quercus falcata Michx., Hist. Chênes Amer. Sept., Quercus

No. 16, pi. 28. 1801.

Quercus triloba Michx., Hist. Chênes Amer. Sept., Quercus

No. 14, pi. 26. 1801.

Quercus elongata Willd. in Mühl. & Willd., Gesell. Naturf.

Freunde Berlin Neue Sehr. 3: 400. 1801.

Quercus falcata ß triloba (Michx.) Nutt., Gen. No. Amer.

PI. 2: 214. 1818.

Quercus digitata (Marsh.) Sudw., Gard, and Forest 5: 99.

1892; nomen provisoriuml U. S. Dept. Agr. Rpt. Secy.

Agr. 1892: 328. 1893.

^Quercus rubra [var.] triloba (Michx.) Ashe, Soc. Amer.

Foresters Proc. 11: 90. 1916; nomen provisorium.

Quercus rubra var. triloba (Michx.) Ashe ex Sarg., Bot.

Gaz. 65:427. 1918.

DERIVATION.—sickle-shaped.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^red oak (lumber), Spanish oak, water

oak.

RANGE.—Long Island (New York), New Jersey, and southeastern Pennsylvania to West Virginia, southern Ohio, southern

Illinois, southern Missouri, and eastern Oklahoma, south to eastern Texas, northern Florida, and Georgia.

Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia Ell. cherrybark oak

Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia Ell., Sketch Bot. S.-C. Ga.

2: 605. 1824.
326 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Quercus pagoda Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 23. 1838.

Quercus pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 24: 375. 1897.

Quercus rubra [var.] pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe, Soc. Amer.

Foresters Proc. 11: 90. 1916 ; nomen provisorium.

-^Quercus rubra var. leucophylla Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul.

13: 25. 1917.

Quercus leucophylla (Ashe) Ashe, Torreya 18: 73. 1918.

^Quercus rubra var. pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe ex Sarg., Bot.

Gaz. 65:427. 1918.

Quercus pagoda var. leucophylla (Ashe) Ashe, Elisha Mitchell

Sei. Soc. Jour. 34: 136. 1918; nomen provisorium.

Quercus pagoda leucophylla (Ashe) Ashe ex Trel., Nati.

Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 202. 1924.

Quercus falcata var. leucophylla (Ashe) Palmer & Steyerm.,

Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 518. 1935; Rhodora 40: 132.

1938.

DERIVATION.—Leaves like a pagoda.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—bottomland red oak, Elliott oak,

red oak, fswamp red oak, swamp Spanish oak.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from New Jersey and Maryland south

to northern Florida and eastern Texas, and north in Mississippi

Valley to southeastern Missouri and southern Indiana.

This variety, distinguished as cherrybark oak, was included in the list

of important bottom-land hardwoods of the lower Mississippi Valley by John

A. Putnam (Management of bottomland hardwoods. U. S. Dept, Agr. Forest

Serv., South. Forest Expt. Sta. Occas. Pap. 116, 60 pp. 1951).

Quercus Xfallax Palmer, see Q. Xdeamii Trel.

Quercus Xfaxonii Trel. Faxon oak

Quercus alba X prinoides

Quercus Xfaxoni Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 49. 1917;

as Q. alba X prinoides; nomen nudum.

iQuercus Xfaxoni Trel., Nat. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 14. 1924;

as Q. alba X prinoides.

DERIVATION.—Named for Charles Edward Faxon (1864-1918),

American botanical artist, who illustrated Sargent's Silva of

North America.

RANGE.—Massachusetts, New York, and Michigan.

Quercus fendleri Liebm., see Q. undulata Torr.

Quercus Xfernaldii Trel. Fernald oak

Quercus ilicifolia X rubra

Quercus Xfernaldi Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 15.

1924; as Q. ilicifolia X maxima.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Merritt Lyndon

Fernald (1873-1950), botanist of Harvard University, who prepared two revisions of Gray's Manual of Botany.

RANGE.—Massachusetts and Virginia.

Quercus Xfernowii Trel. Fernow oak

Quercus alba X stellata
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 327

Querem Xfernowi TreL, Amer. Phil. See. Proc. 56: 49.

1917; as Q. alba X stellata; nomen nudum.

-fQuercus Xfernowi Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 15.

1924; as Q. alba X stellata.

DERIVATION.—Named for Bernhard Eduard Fernow (1851-

1928), pioneer American forester of German birth and first chief

of the Division of Forestry, United States Department of Agriculture.

RANGE.—Recorded from New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland,

District of Columbia, Virginia, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, eastern

Texas, and Alabama.

Quereus Xfilialis Little •-

Quercus phellos X velutina

Quereus Xinaequalis Palm. & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann.

22: 521. 1935 ; as Q. phellos X velutina. Not Q. inaequalis

Watelet, Descr. PL Foss. Bass. Paris 136, pi. 35, fig. 8.

1866 (fossil. Eocene, France).

Quercus Xfilialis Little, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 33:10. 1943 ;

as Q. phellos X velutina.

DERIVATION.—From the filial generation of a cross.

RANGE.—New Jersey, Delaware, Missouri, Arkansas, and

Louisiana.

Quercus fusiformis Small, see Q. virginiana var. fusiformis

(Small) Sarg.

Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel oak

Quercus gambelii Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Jour., Ser. 2,

1: 179. 1848.

Quercus alba ß"t gunnisoni Torr. & Gray, U. S. Rpts. Surv.

Explor. Miss. Pacif. 2(1) : 130. 1857.

Quercus stellata Wangenh. 8 utahensis A. DC., Prodr. 16(2) :

22. 1864.

Quercus douglasii Hook. & Am. y novomexicana A. DC.,

Prodr. 16(2): 24. 1864.

Quercus eastwoodiae Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 2: 210, pi.

28, fig. 2. 1901.

Quercus gunnisonii (Torr. & Gray) Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Bul. 2: 206, pi. 26, fig. 3. 1901.

^Quercus leptophylla Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 2: 205, pi.

26, figs. 1,2. 1901.

Quercus nitescens Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 2: 207, pi.

27, fig. 1. 1901.

Quercus novomexicana (A. DC.) Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Bul. 2: 208, pi. 27, fig. 2. 1901; as '"novo-mexicana."

Quercus submollis Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 2: 202, pi.

25, fig. 1. 1901.

iQuercus utahensis (A. DC.) Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 2:

202, pi. 25, fig. 2. 1901.

Quercus vreelandii Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul, 2: 204, pi.

25, fig. 3. 1901.
328 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Quercue gambellii utahensis (A. DC.) Garrett, Spring FL

Wasatch Reg. Ed. 2, 20. 1912.

Quercus confusa Woot. & Standl., U. S. Nati. Mus. Contrib.

U. S. Nati. Herbarium 16: 116. 1913.

•fQuercus utahensis var. submollis (Rydb.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz.

65: 442. 1918.

Quercus utahensis var. mollis Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer.

Ed. 2, 297. 1922.

Quercus novomexicana var. andrewsii Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei.

Mem. 20: 99, pi. 164, 1924.

Quercus gambelii subsp. vreelandii (Rydb.) A. Camus, Chênes

2: 708. 1939.

Quercus novomexicana var. nitescens (Rydb.) A. Camus,

Chênes 2: 704. 1939; Atlas 2: 104, pi. 208, figs. 23-25.

1936.

Quercus pauciloba Rydb. subsp. confusa (Woot. & Standl.)

A. Camus, Chênes 2: 676. 1939; Atlas 2: 102, pi. 207,

figs. 3-5. 1936.

Quercus utahensis subsp. submollis (Rydb.) A. Camus,

Chênes 2: 700. 1939; Atlas 2: 103, pi. 208, figs. 1-5.

1936.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, William Gambel

1821 ?-49), American naturalist who made an important collection

of plants and birds in the southern Rocky Mountains in 1844.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fRocky Mountain white oak, Utah

white oak, white oak.

RANGE.—Mountains of Colorado, southwestern Wyoming, Utah,

and southern Nevada, south to Arizona, New Mexico, TransPecos Texas, and extreme northwestern Oklahoma (Cimarrón

County). Also in northern Mexico (Chihuahua and Coahuila).

Quercus Xganderi C. B. Wolf Gander oak

Quercus agrifolia X kelloggii

Quercus Xganderi C. B. Wolf, Calif. Acad. Sei. Proc, Ser. 4,

25: 178, pi. 18, pi. 19, figs. 19-30. 1944; as Q. kelloggii

X agrifolia var. oxyadenia.

Quercus Xchasei McMinn, Babcock, & Righter, Madroño 10:

54, fig. 1. 1949 ; as Q. agrifolia X kelloggii.

DERIVATION.—Named for Frank F. Gander, botanist of San

Diego, Calif., who discovered this hybrid in 1935.

RANGE.—Central and southern California (Santa Clara and

San Diego Counties).

Since one binomial should be sufficient to include^ intermediate forms

between all varieties of two parent species, Q. Xchasei is united here as a

synonym.

Quercus Xgarlandensis Palmer Garland oak

Quercus falcata X nigra

Quercus Xgarlandensis Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 7:

119. 1926; as Q. nigra X rubra [falcata].

DERIVATION.—Named for Garland County, Arkansas, where

it was discovered.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 829

RANGE.^—^Virginia, Alabama, Arkansas, and Louisiana.

*Quercus garryana Dougl. fOregon white oak

'fQuercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 159.

1839.

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of Nicholas Garry, secretary

of the Hudson Bay Company, who aided David Douglas in his

botanical explorations in the Northwest.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Garry oak, Oregon oak, post oak,

white oak.

RANGE.—Southwestern British Columbia including Vancouver

Island, western Washington, western Oregon, and northwestern

California south to Santa Cruz Mountains. The only native oak

in Washington and British Columbia.

HYBRID.—Quercus Xeplingii C. H. Muller (Q. Douglasii X

garryana).

Quercus geminata Small, see Q. virginiana var. marítima (Michx.)

Sarg.

Quercus georgiana M. A. Curtis tGeorgia oak

^Quercus georgiana M. A. Curtis, Amer. Jour. Sei. and Arts,

Ser. 2, 7: 408. 1849.

DERIVATION,—Named for Georgia, to which it is restricted.

RANGE.—Northern Georgia, rare and local.

HYBRID.—Quercus Xsmallii Trel. (Q. georgiana X marilandica).

Quercus Xgiffordii Trel. Gifford oak

Quercus ilicifolia X phellos

Quercus Xgiffordi TreU Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 49. 1917;

as Q. ilicifolia X phellos; nomen nudum.

^Quercus Xgiffordi Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 15.

1924; as Q. ilicifolia X phellos.

DERIVATION.—Named for one of its discoverers, John Clayton

Gifford (1870-1949), American forester.

RANGE,—New Jersey and Delaware.

Quercus graciliformis C. H. MuUer Chisos oak

Quercus graciliformis C. H. Muller, Torreya 84: 120. 1934;

as "C. H. Mueller.'^

Quercus graciliformis var. parvilobata C. H. Muller, Torreya

34: 122. 1934.

DERIVATION.—Slender formed, from the long slender flexible

branches.

RANGE,—Known only from several canyons of Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Trans-Pecos Texas.

A small tree 20 to 26 feet high described after publication of the 1927

Check List. Closely related to Quercus canbyi Trel., of northeastern Mexico

(Nuevo León) and to Q. gravesii Sudw,, to which it was formerly referred.

HYBRro.—Qusrcus Xtharpii C. H. Muller (Q. emoryi X graciliformis).
330 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Quercus grandidentata Ewan, see note under Q. engelmannii

Greene

Quercus gravesü Sudw. fGraves oak

Quercus coccínea var. ? microcarpa Torr., U. S. Mex. Bound.

Surv. Bot. 2: 206. 1859.

Quercus texana Buckl. var. chesosensis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65:

423. 1918.

fQuercus texana var. stellipila Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 424.

1918; as ''stellapila."

iQuercus gravesii Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Cir. 92:

86. 1927.

Quercus stellipila (Sarg.) Parks in Cory, Rhodora 38: 405.

1936.

Quercus chesosensis (Sarg.) C. H. MuUer, Amer. Midland

Nat. 18: 850. 1937.

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of Henry Solon Graves (1871-

1950), second chief of the United States Forest Service and

afterwards dean of Yale University School of Forestry.

RANGE.—^Mountains of Trans-Pecos Texas and northeastern

Mexico (Coahuila).

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xinconstans Palmer (Q. gravesii X hypoleucoides) ; Q. Xrobusta C. H. Müller (Q. emoryi X gravesii).

Quercus tardifolía C. H. Muller (Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 63: 154. 1936),

found only in Chlsos Mountains, Brewster County, Trans-Pecos Texas,

where it is very rare, is related to Q, gravesii, but its mature fruit is unknown.

Quercus grísea Liebm. gray oak

Quercus grisea Liebm., Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl.

Overs. 1854: 171. 1854.

DERIVATION.—Gray.

RANGE.—^Trans-Pecos Texas to central New Mexico and northern Arizona, south to northern Mexico (Chihuahua and Coahuila).

A shrub or small tree 20 to 23 feet high but sometimes reaching a height

of 65 feet.

HYBRID.—Quercus Xorganensis Trel. (Q. arizonica X grisea).

Quercus Xguadalupensîs Sarg. Guadalupe oak

Quercus macrocarpa X stellata

fQuercus Xguadalupensîs Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 454. 1918;

as Q. macrocarpa X stellata.

DERIVATION.—Named for Guadalupe River, where it was discovered.

Known only from a single tree. Eegarded as Quercus stellata by Muller

(Tex. Res. Found. Contrib, 1: 31, 47. 1951). . -

Querctcs gunnisonii (Torr. & Gray) Rydb., see Q. gambelii Nutt.

Quercus Xharbisonii Sarg. Harbison oak

Quercus stellata X virginiana . -

^Quercus Xharbisonii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 458. 1918; as
CHECK. LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 331

Quercus stellata var. margaretta X virginiana var.

gemínala.

DERIVATION.—Named for one of its discoverers, Thomas Grant

Harbison (1862-1936), American botanist.

RANGE.—Florida (Jacksonville) and in eastern and central

Texas.

Quercus Xhastingsii Sarg. Hastings oak

Quercus marilandica X shumardii

iQuercus Xhastingsii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 450. 1918; as

Q. marilandica X texana.

DERIVATION.—^Named for its discoverer, Stephen Harold

Hastings, agronomist of the United States Department of Agriculture.

RANGE.—Central Texas.

Quercus havardii Rydb. Havard oak

Quercus havardi Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 2: 213, pi. 29,

fig. 2. 1901 ; as ''havardii'' in key.

•fQuercus Xandrewsii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 455. 1918; as

Q. macrocarpa X undulóla.

DERIVATION.—Named for Valéry Havard (1846-1927), United

States Army surgeon of French birth, who collected plants in

Texas and other States while stationed at Army posts.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—shin oak, shinnery oak.

RANGE.—Southern Great Plains of western Oklahoma, western

Texas including southern Panhandle, and southeastern New

Mexico.

Generally a very low shrub growing in dense masses but also becoming

a small tree, according to C. H. Mnller (Tex. Res. Found. Contrib. 1: 53.

1951).

Quercus Xhawkinsîae Sudw. fHawkîns oak

Quercus rubra X velutina

-fQuercus Xhawkinsiae Sudw., Amer. Forestry 23: 685, figs.

1, 2, 5. 1917; as ''hawMnsV'; as Q. horealis X velutina.

Quercus Xporteri TreL, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 51. 1917 ;

as Q. rubra (?) X velutina; nomen nudum.

•[Quercus Xporteri TreL, Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 16, 195.

1924; as Q. rubra X velutina; based upon description of

supposed hybrid between Q. velutina and Q. rubra (Sarg.,

Silva No. Amer. 8: 126. 1895).

DERIVATION.—^Named in honor of its discoverer, Mrs. Eugene

Hawkins.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Porter oak.

RANGE.—Recorded from Maine, Massachusetts, New York,

Pennsylvania, Ohio, Tennessee, and Missouri.

Quercus hemisphaerica Bartr., see Q. laurifalia Michx.

Quercus Xheterophylla Michx. f. fBartram oak

Quercus phellos X rubra
332 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

iQuercus heterophylla Michx. f., Hist. Arbr. Amer. Sept. 2:

87, pi. 16. 1812.

DERIVATION.—Various-leaved.

RANGE.—Recorded from southeastern New York, New Jersey,

Pennsylvania, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, Alabama, and

North Carolina.

REFERENCE.—MacDougal, D. T. Hybridization of wild plants.

Bot. Gaz. 43: 45-58, illus. 1907.

Quercus Xhillii Trel., see Q. Xschuettei Trel.

Quercus houstoniana C. H. Müller, see Q. michauxii Nutt.

Quercus Xhumidicola Palmer mounds oak

Quercus bicolor X lyrata

Quercus Xhumidicola Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 18:

140. 1937; as Q. bicolor X lyrata.

DERIVATION.—Moisture-dwelling, from its habitat in low woods.

RANGE.—Illinois and Missouri.

Quercus hybrida (Chapm.) Small, see Q. laurifolia Michx.

Quercus hypoleuca Engelm., see Q. hypoleucoides A. Camus

Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus silverleaf oak

•fQuercus hypoleuca Engelm., Acad. Sei. St. Louis Trans. 3 :

384. 1876. Not Q. hypoleuca Miquel, Fl. Ind. Bot. 1(1) :

869. 1855. Not Q. hypoleuca Gandoger, Fl. Eur. 21: 37.

1890.

Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus, Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat.

BuL, Ser. 2,4: 124. 1932.

DERIVATION.—A renaming of the homonym Quercus hypoleuca.

Like Q. hypoleuca, which, in turn means white underneath, referring to the lower leaf surfaces.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fwhite leaf oak.

RANGE.—-Trans-Pecos Texas, southwestern New Mexico, and

southeastern Arizona, and in northern Mexico (Sonora, Coahuila,

and Chihuahua).

HYBRID.—Quercus Xinconstans Palmer (Q. gravesii X hypoleucoides).

Quercus ilicifolía Wangenh. fbear oak

Quercus rubra nana Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 123. 1785.

'\Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh., Beytr. Teutsch. Holzger. Forstwiss. Nordamer. Holz. 79, pi. 6, fig. 17. 1787; as'Hllicifolia."

Quercus nana (Marsh.) Sarg., Gard, and Forest 8: 93. 1895.

DERIVATION.—holly-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—scrub oak.

RANGE.—Southern Maine to New York, and Pennsylvania,

south to West Virginia, western North Carolina, and Virginia.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 333

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xbrittonii W. T. Davis (Q. ilicifoUa X

marilandica) ; Q. Xfernaldii Trel. (Q. ilicifoUa X rubra) ; Q. Xgiffordii Trel. (Q. ilicifoUa X phellos) ; Q. Xrehderi Trel. (Q. íZíci-

/oZia Xvelutina) ; Q. Xrobbinsii Trel. (Q. coccinea X ilicifoUa).

Quercus imbricaría Michx. fsliingle oak

-fQuercus imbricaria Michx., Hist. Chênes Amer. Sept.,

Quercus No. 9, pis. 15, 16. 1801.

Erythrobalanus imbricaria (Michx.) 0. Schwarz, [Berlin]

Bot. Gard. ii. Mus. Notizbl. 13: 5, fig. 1. 1936; Repert.

Spec. Novarum Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. D, 1: 24, fig. 1.

1936. 0. Schwarz ex Hill & Salisb., Index Kew. Sup. 10:

88. 1947.

DERIVATION.—Overlapping, referring to the use of the wood

by early settlers for shingles, as the common name also indicates.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—laurel oak.

RANGE.—New Jersey to Pennsylvania, southern Michigan, Illinois and Iowa, south to northeastern Kansas, Arkansas, Louisiana, northern Mississippi, Tennessee, and South Carolina. Perhaps introduced in Long Island and Massachusetts.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xanceps Palmer {Q.falcata X imbricaria) ;

Q. Xegglestonii Trel. (Q. imbricaria X shumardii) ; Q. Xexacta

Trel. (<Q. imbricaria X palustris) ; Q. Xleana Nutt. (Q. imbricaria

X velutina) ; Q. Xruncinata (A. DC.) Engelm. (Q. imbricaria X

rubra) ; Q. Xtridentata (A. DC.) Engebn. {imbricaria X

marilandica).

Quercus incana Bartr. fWuejack oak

Quercus phellos ß brevifolia Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 722.

1785.

Quercus incana Bartr., Travels No. So. Car. Ga. Fla. 378.

1791.

^Quercus cinérea Michx., Hist. Chênes Amer. Sept., Quercus

No. 8, pi. 14. 1801.

Quercus cinérea ß dentato-lobata A. DC, Prodr. 16(2) : 73.

1864.

Quercus brevifolia (Lam.) Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 8: 171, pi.

431. 1895.

DERIVATION.—Hoary, referring to the lower leaf surfaces.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cinnamon oak, sand jack, shin oak,

turkey oak, upland willow oak.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to southern

Florida and eastern and central Texas, north to southeastern

Oklahoma.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xasheana Little (Q. incana X laevis) ; Q.

Xatlantica Ashe (Q. incana X laurifoUa) ; Q. Xcaduca Trel. (Q.

incana X nigra) ; Q. Xcravenensis Little (Q. incana X marilandica) ; Q. Xpodophylla Trel. (Q. incana X velutina) ; Q. Xsubintegra Trel. (Q. incana X falcata).

REFERENCES.—Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 46: 44-45. 1944.

Harper, Francis. Quercus incana Bartram. Bartonia 22: 3.

1943.
334 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DElPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Merrill, E. D. In defense of the validity of William Bartram's

binomials. Bartonia 23: 10-35. 1945.

Rickett, H. W. Legitimacy of names in Bartram's "Travels/'

Rhodora 46: 389-391. 1944.

As indicated by the references above (except H, W, Rickett), Quercus

dnerea Michx. has been replaced by Q. incana Bartr., an older name for

bluejack oak. However, some authorities have not accepted Bartram's controversial names, which were published irregularly and briefly in a popular

book of travels.

Quercus Xincomita Palmer, see Q. Xbushii Sarg.

Quercus Xinconstans Palmer Livermore oak

Quercus gravesii X hypoleucoides

Quercus Xinconstans Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 10:

34. 1929; as Quercus emoryi X hypoleucoides.

Quercus livermorensis C. H. Müller, Amer. Midland Nat. 19 :

586. 1938.

DERIVATION.—Inconstant.

RANGE.—Davis Mountains, Jeff Davis County, Trans-Pecos

Texas.

A small tree named both as a hybrid and species and referred to the

hybrid Quercus gravesii X hypoleucoides by C. H. Müller (Tex. Res. Found

Contrib. 1: 82, pis. 64, 65. 1929).

Quercus inopina Ashe, see Q. myrtifolia Willd.

Quercus Xjackiana Schneid. Jacks oak

Quercus alba X bicolor

IfQuercus Xjackiana Schneid., Illus. Handb. Laubholzk. 1:

202. 1904 ; as Q. platanoides X alba.

DERIVATION.—Named for John George Jack (1861-1949),

American dendrologist of Canadian birth, who discovered it in

1894.

RANGE.—Southern Quebec, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New

York, Indiana, and Illinois.

Quercus Xjolonensis Sarg. Jolón oak

Quercus douglasii X lobata

iQuercus Xjolonensis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 456. 1918; as Q.

douglasii X lobata.

DERIVATION.—From Jolon, Monterey County, Calif., where it

was discovered.

RANGE.—California (Monterey County).

Quercus Xjoorîî Trel. Joor oak

Quercus falcata X shumardii

Quercus Xjoorii Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 15. 1924;

as Q. rubra [falcata] X shumardii.

DERIVATION.—Named for Joseph F. Joor (1848-92), who collected it in 1884.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 885

RANGE.—Texas (Galveston).

C. H. Muller (Tex« Res. Found, Contrib. 1: 103. 1951) regarded Q. joorii

as a synonym of Q. fálcala,

Quercus kelloggii Newb. fCalifornia black oak

Quercus tinctoria Bart. var. californica Torr., U. S. Rpts.

Explor. Surv. Miss. 4(1): 138. 1856.

fQuercus kelloggii Newb., U. S. Rpts. Expl. Surv. Miss. Pacif.

6(3): 28, 89, fig. 6. 1857.

Quercus californica (Torr.) Cooper, Smithsn. Inst. Rpt.

1858: 261. 1859.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Albert Kellogg (1813-87), physician and botanist of California, who later prepared drawings for

a book entitled Illustrations of West American Oaks.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^black oak, Kellogg oak.

RANGE.—^Western Oregon and California through Sierra

Nevada and Coast Ranges to San Diego County.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xganderi C. B. Wolf (Q. agrifolia X kelloggii) ; Q. Xmoreha Kellogg (Q. kelloggii X wislizenii).

Quercus laceyi Small fLacey oak

-fQuercus laceyi Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 28: 358. 1901.

Quercus breviloba subsp. íace?/í (Small) A. Camus, Chênes 2:

680. 1939; Atlas 2: pi. 215, figs. 14-17. 1936.

DERIVATION.—Named for Howard Lacey, who first collected it

on his ranch near Kerrville, Tex.

RANGE.—Edwards Plateau, Texas, south to northeastern Mexico

(Coahuila to Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosí).

Quercus laevis Walt. fturkey oak

Quercus laevis Walt., Fl. Carol 234. 1788.

-fQuercus catesbaei Michx., Hist. Chênes Amer. Sept., Quercus

No. 17, pis. 29,30. 1801.

DERIVATION.—Smooth, referring to the leaves (which, however,

are not wholly glabrous).

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Catesby oak, scrub oak.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to central

Florida and west to southeastern Louisiana.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xa^heana Little (Q. incana X laevis) ; Q.

Xblufftonensis Trel. (Q. falcata X laevis) ; Q. Xmellichampii Trel.

(Q. laevis X laurifolia) ; Q. Xwalteriana Ashe (Q. laevis X nigra).

Quercus laurifolia Michx. flaurel oak

Quercus hemisphaerica Bartr., Travels No. So. Car. Ga. Fla.

309, 320, etc. 1791 ; nom. nud.

fQuercus laurifolia Michx;, Hist Chênes Amer. Sept., Quercus

No. 10, pi. 17. 180L

IfQuercus laurifolia [var.] hybrida Michx., Hist. Chênes

Amer. Sept., Quercus No. 10, pi. 18. 1801.

Quercus hemisphasrica Bartr. ex Willd., Sp. Pi. 4(1) : 44S.

. 1805. -, . :.
336 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Quercus laurifolia ß obtusa Willd., Sp. PI. 4(1) : 428. 1805.

Quercus rhombifolia Riddell, New Orleans Med. and Surg.

Jour. 9: 614. 1853.

Quercus aquatica Catesb. var. hybrida Chapm., Fl, South.

U. S. 421. 1860.

Quercus hybrida (Chapm.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 350,

1329. 1903. Not Q. hybrida Brotero, Fl. Lusit. 2: 31.

1804. Not Q. hybrida Bechst, Forstbot. Ed. 5, 211. 1829

(or 1816 Ed.?; neither seen). Not Q. hybrida Houba,

Chênes Amer. Sept. Belg. 310, illus. 1887.

Quercus hybrida (Michx.) Ashe, Soc. Amer. Foresters Proc.

11: 88. 1916.

-fQuercus obtusa (Willd.) Ashe, Torreya 18: 72. 1918 (May

8).

iQuercus laurifolia var. tridentata Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 433.

1918.

Quercus rhombica Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 430. 1918 (May 15).

Quercus arenicola Ashe, Rhodora 24: 17. 1922.

Quercus arenicola var. integra Ashe, Rhodora 24: 78. 1922.

Quercus obtusata Ashe ex Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. Ed.

2, 261, fig. 239. 1922. Not Q. obtusata Humb. & Bonpl.,

PI. Aequinoct. 2: 26, pi. 76. 1809.

Quercus laurifolia var. rhombica (Sarg.) Trel., Nati. Acad.

Sei. Mem. 20: 157. 1924.

DERIVATION.—Laurel-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Darlington oak, obtusa oak, diamondleaf oak, swamp laurel oak, laurel-leaved oak, fwater oak.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from Cape May, N. J., south to central

Florida, west to Louisiana and eastern and southeastern Texas.

REFERENCES.—Fernald, M, L. The identity of Quercus laurifolia (plates 1031-1036). Rhodora 48: 137-145, illus. 1946.

Müller, Cornelius H. Tex. Res. Found. Contrib. 1: 85-88, pis.

69-71. 1951.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xatlantica Ashe (Q. incana X laurifolia) ;

Q. Xbeatimontiana Sarg. (Q. falcata X laurifolia) ; Q. Xmellichampii Trel. (Q. laevis X laurifolia).

In the 1927 Check List Quercus obtusa was accepted as a distinct species,

though Trelease (Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 157. 1924) had regarded it as

a variety. Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 549-550, figs. 931, 935. 1950)

used Q. laurifolia Michx. in place of Q. obtusa and adopted Q. hemisphaerica

Bartr. for Q. laurifolia, as explained in the reference cited above. However, Palmer (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 29: 1-48. 1948) did not accept

those changes. Mulleras union of all these variations under a single species,

Q. laurifolia is a simplified solution to the confused nomenclature and is

adopted here.

Quercus Xleana Nutt. fLea oak

Quercus imbricaria X velvtirui,

^Quercus leana Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 13*, pL 5 (bis).

1842.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Thomas Gibson Lea

(1785-1844).

RANGE.—Recorded from Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 337

Columbia, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and

North Carolina.

Quercus leiodermis Ashe, see Q. velutina Lam.

Quercus leptophylla Rydb., see Q. gambeliî Nutt.

Quercus leucophylla (Ashe) Ashe, see Q. falcata var. pagodaefolia

Ell.

Quercus livermorensis C. H. Müller, see Q. Xinconstans Palmer

'''Quercus lobata Née California white oak

"^Quercus lobata Née, An. Cien. Nat. [Madrid] 3: 277. 1801.

Quercus lobata var. turbinata Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 354. 1909.

Quercus lobata var. walteri Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 353, fig. 64.

1909.

Quercus lobata var. argillarum (Jeps.) Jeps., Man. Fl. PI.

Calif. 272. 1923.

Quercus lobata var. insperata (Jeps.) Jeps., Man. Fl. PI.

Calif. 272. 1923.

DERIVATION.—Lobed, referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—roble, valley oak, fvalley white oak,

water oak, weeping oak, white oak.

RANGE.—Northern to southern California, in valleys and foothills.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xjolonensis Sarg. (Q. douglasii X lobata) ;

Q. Xtownei Palmer (Q. dumosa X lobata).

Quercus Xludoviciana Sarg. St. Landry oak

Quercus falcata X phellos

Quercus Xfalcata Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 11:

94. 1894. Not Q. falcata Michx., Hist. Chênes Amer. Sept.,

Quercus No. 16, pi. 28. 1801.

fQuercus Xludoviciana Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 223.

1913; as Q. pagodaefolia X phellos.

fQuercus Xsubfalcata Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 52.

1917 ; as Q. cuneata X phellos. Not Q. subfalcata Friedrich,

Geol. Specialk. Preuss. Abh. 4(3): 257, pi. 9, figs. 4, 5.

1883 (fossil. Oligocène, Saxony).

Quercus Xludoviciana var. subfalcata [ (Trel.) ]Rehd., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 7: 240. 1926; as Q. phellos X rubra.

DERIVATION.—Of Louisiana, where it was discovered.

RANGE.—Recorded from Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Arkansas, southeastern Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and

Georgia.

REFEKENCE.—Little, Elbert L., Jr. Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour.

33:132. 1943.

The binomial Quercus Xludoviciana Sarg., originally was proposed for

the hybrid between Q. falcata var. pagodaefolia and Q. phellos but may be

used also to include the cross, Q. falcata X phellos, designated in the 1927

Check List as xQ. subfalcata Trel.

iQuercus Xsubfalcata var. microcarpa Sarg. (Bot. Gaz. 65: 454. 1918;

as Q. phellos x rubra?), later changed to Q. xludoviciana var. microcarpa
338 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

(Dippel) Rehd. (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 7: 239. 1926) is omitted here.

This variation is known only in cultivation and according to Palmer (Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 29: 33. 1948) is of unknown origin and of very doubtful

relationship. If properly placed here, then this varietal name is unnecessary

to designate a variation of a hybrid.

*Quercus lyrata Walt. fovercup oak

fQuercus lyrata Walt., Fl Carol. 235. 1788.

DERIVATION.—Lyre-shaped, referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—swamp post oak, swamp white oak,

water white oak, white oak (lumber).

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern New Jersey and Maryland, south to Georgia, northwestern Florida, and eastern Texas,

and north in Mississippi Valley to southeastern Oklahoma, southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois, and southwestern Indiana.

HYBRIDS,—Quercus Xcomptoniae Sarg. (Q. lyrata X virginiana) ; Q. Xhwnidicola Palmer (Q. bicolor X lyrata) ; Q. Xsterrettii Trel. (Q. lyrata X stellata).

Quercus macdonaldi Greene, see Q. dumosa var. macdonaldii

(Greene) Jeps.

Quercus Xmacnabiana Sudw. McNab oak

Quercus durandii X stellata

Quercus durandii X stellata Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour,

4: 15. 1923.

fQuercus Xmacnabiana Sudw., U, S. Dept. Agr, Mise, Cir,

92: 103, 1927 ; as Q, durandii X stellata.

Quercus Xmahloni Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 18: 139.

1937; as *'mahoni" but corrected on p. 361 ; as Q. breviloba

X stellata.

DERIVATION,—From McNab, Ark., where it was discovered.

RANGE.—Southwestern Arkansas and southern Oklahoma (Arbuckle Mountains) to central Texas.

Quercus macrocarpa Michx. fbur oak

iQuercus macrocarpa Michx., Hist. Chênes Amer. Sept. Quercus No. 2, pis, 2, 3, 1801.

Quercus olivaeformis Michx. f.. Hist. Arbr. For. Amer. Sept.

2: 32, pi. 2. 1812.

Quercus obtusiloba Michx. ß depressa Nutt., Gen. No. Amer.

PI. 2: 215. 1818.

Quercus macrocarpa var. olivaeformis (Michx. f.) A. Gray,

Man. Bot. North. U. S. Ed. 2, 404. 1856.

Quercus macrocarpa var. depressa (Nutt.) Engelm., Acad.

Sei. St. Louis Trans. 3: 382. 1876.

Quercus mandanensis Rydb., Brittonia 1: 86. 1931.

Quercus macrocarpa subsp. olivaeformis (Michx. f,) A,

Camus, Chênes 2: 749. 1939 ; Atlas 2: 116, pi. 224. 1936.

DERIVATION.—^Large-fruited.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^blue oak, mossycup oak, mossy-overcup oak, scrub oak.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 339

RANGE.—New Brunswick, central Maine, and southern Quebec,

west to northern Michigan, southern Manitoba and southeastern

Saskatchewan, south to North Dakota, southeastern Montana,

northeastern Wyoming, central Nebraska, western Oklahoma, and

central and eastern Texas, and northeast to Arkansas, Tennessee,

Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Also local in Louisiana, Alabama, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware (formerly), and westem New England.

REFERENCE.—Shimek, B. Quercus macrocarpa var. depressa

(Nutt.) Engelm. Rhodora 35: 295-297. 1933.

HYBRIDS.^—Quercus Xbebbiana Schneid. (Q. alba X macrocarpa) ; Q. Xbyarsii Sudw. (Q. macrocarpa X michauxii) ; Q.

Xdeamii Trel. (Q. macrocarpa X muehlenhergii) ; Q. Xguadalu^

pensis Sarg. (Q. macrocarpa X stellata) ; Q. Xschuettei Trel. (Q.

bicolor X macrocarpa).

Quercus Xmahloni Palmer, see Q. Xmacnabiana Sudw.

Quercus mandanensis Rydb., see Q. macrocarpa Michx.

Quercus margaretta Ashe, see Q, stellata var. margaretta (Ashe)

Sarg.

Quercus marilandica Muenchh. fblackjack oak

'\Quercus marilandica Muenchh., Hausvater 5: 253. 1770.

ÏQuercus marilandica [var.] ashei Sudw., Jour. Forestry 20:

167. 1922.

Quercus neo-ashei Bush, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 55: 248. 1928.

DERIVATION.—Of Maryland.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—blackjack, barren oak, black oak,

jack oak.

RANGE.—Long Island (New York), New Jersey, and southeastern Pennsylvania to West Virginia, southern Ohio, Illinois, southern Iowa, south to eastern Kansas, western Oklahoma, central

Texas, northwestern Florida, and Georgia. Also local in southern

Michigan.

HYBRIDS,—Quercus Xbrittonii W. T. Davis (Q. ilicifoUa X marilandica) ; Q. Xbushii Sarg. (Q. marilandica X velutina) ; Q.

Xcravenensis Little (Q. incana X marilandica) ; Q. Xhastingsii

Sarg. (Q. marilandica X shumardii) ; Q. Xrudkinii Britton (Q.

marilandica X phellos) ; Q. Xsmallii Trel. (Q. georgiana X marilandica) ; Q. Xsterilis Trel, (Q. marilandica X nigra) ; Q. Xtriden^

tata (A. DC.) Engelm. (Q. imbricaría X marilandica).

Quercus maritima (Michx.) Willd., see Q. vîrgînîana var. maritima

(Michx.) Sarg.

Quercus media Woot. & Standl., see Q. undulata Torr.

Quercus Xmellichampii Trel. Mellichamp oak

Quercus laevis X laurifolia

Quercus catesbaei X laurifolia Engelm., St. Louis Acad. Sei.

Trans. 3: 539. 1877.
S40 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Quercus Xmellichampi Trel., Amer. Phil. See. Proc. 56: 50.

1917 ; nomen rmdum; as Q. catesbaei X hmrifolm.

-^Quercus Xmellichampii Trel. ex Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 451.

1918; as Q, catesbaei X laurifolia.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Joseph Hinson Mellichamp (1829-1903), physician and amateur botanist of South

Carolina.

RANGE.—South Carolina and northern and central Florida.

Quercus michauxii Nutt. fswamp chestnut oak

Quercus prinus L., Sp. PI. 995. 1753; in part.

-fQuercus michauxii Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PI. 2: 215. 1818.

Querem houstoniana C. H. MuUer, Amer. Midland Nat. 28:

743, fig. 1. 1942.

DERIVATION.—Named for Francois André Michaux (1770-

1855), French botanist who prepared a classic illustrated work

of three volumes on the trees of eastern United States and who

described this species as a variety.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—basket oak, cow oak, white oak (lumber) .

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from New Jersey south to central

Florida and eastern Texas, and north in Mississippi Valley to

southeastern Missouri, central Illinois, southwestern Ohio, and

eastern Kentucky.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xbeadlei Trel. (Q. alba X michauxii) ; Q.

Xbyarsii Sudw. (Q. macrocarpa X michauxii).

Some authors since 1915, including the 1927 Check List, adopted for

swamp chestnut oak the name Quercus prinus, which is restored here for

chestnut oak, following Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 544-545. 1950).

Quercus microcarya Small, see Q. nigra L.

Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small, see Q. virginiana Mill.

Quercus minor (Marsh) Sarg., see Q. stellata Wangenh.

Quercus mississippiensis Ashe, see Q. stellata var. mississippiensis

(Ashe) Little

Quercus mohriana Buckl. Mohrs oak

^Quercus mohriana Buckl. ex Rydb., N. Y. Bot Gard. Bul. 2 :

219, pi. 31, figs. 1, 2. 1901.

DERIVATION.—Named for Charles Mohr (1824-1901), Germanborn manufacturing druggist and botanist of Alabama.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fshin oak, scrub oak.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oklahoma and Panhandle of Texas,

south to Trans-Pecos Texas and northeastern Mexico (Coahuila).

Quercus montana Willd., see Q. prinus L.

Quercus Xmoreha Kellogg oracle oak

Quercus kelloggii X wislizenii

IfQuercus morehus Kellogg, Calif. Acad. Nat. Sei. Proc. 2: 36.

1863. Corrected to ''moreha" by Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc.

Proc. 56: 50. 1917.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 341

Quercus wisUzeni X kelloggii M. K. Curran, Calif. Acad. Sei.

Bul. 1: 146. 1885.

DERIVATION.—Based upon Moreh, the Scriptural "land of

Moriah" and dwelling place of Abram.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^Abram's oak, fevergreen black oak,

Moreh oak.

RANGE.—Northern to southern California; also rare in southwestern Oregon.

REFERENCE.—^Wolf, Carl B. XQuercus morehus Kellogg.

Rancho Santa Ana. Bot. Gard. Occas. Pap. 1: 47-52, illus. 1938.

Quercus Xmoultonensis Ashe Moulton oak

Quercus phellos X shumardii

Quercus Xmoultonensis Ashe, Rhodora 24: 78. 1922; as Q.

phellos X shumardii; excluding synonym Q. hybrida Houba.

DERIVATION.—From Moulton Valley of Tennessee River, Lawrence County, Alabama.

RANGE,—Southeastern Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, and

Alabama.

Quercus muehlenbergîî Engelm. fchinkapin oak

Quercus castanea Mühl., Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue

Sehr. 3: 397. 1801 (after April). Not Quercus castanea

Née, Anal. Cien. Nat. [Madrid] 3: 276. 1801 (March).

Quercus prinus [var.] acuminata Michx., Hist. Chênes Amer.

Sept. Quercus No. 5, pi. 8. 1801.

Quercus acuminata (Michx.) Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 8: 55, pi.

377. 1895. Not Quercus acuminata Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 636.

1832.

^Quercus inuehlenhergii Engelm., Acad. Sei. St. Louis Trans.

3: 391. 1877; as ''milhlenbergii/'

Quercus alexanderi Britton, Man. Fl. North. States Canada

336. 1901.

Quercus brayi Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 28: 358. 1901.

Quercus acuminata var. alexandri Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sei.

Rpt. 6:206. 1904.

iQuercus muehlenbergii var. brayi (Small) Sarg., Bot. Gaz.

65: 442. 1918.

Quercus muhlenbergii var. alexandri (Farwell) Farwell,

Mich. Acad. Sei., Arts, and Letters Papers 3: 93. 1924.

Quercus muhlenbergii var. alexanderi (Britton) Camp, Ohio

Jour. Sei. 33: 421. 1933.

Quercus prinoides Willd. var. acuminata (Michx.) Gleason,

Phytologia 4: 23. 1952.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Gotthilf Henry Ernst Muhlenberg

(1753-1815), minister and botanist of Pennsylvania, who first

named this species.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—chestnut oak, rock chestnut oak, rock

oak, yellow chestnut oak, yellow oak. (The spelling chinquapin

oak is also in use.)
342 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Vermont and New York, west to extreme southern

Ontario, southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin, and southeastern Nebraska, south to western Oklahoma, central and TransPecos Texas, east to northwestern Florida and Georgia, and north

in mountains to Maryland and to western Connecticut. Also local

in southeastern New Mexico, and in northeastern Mexico (Coahuila and Nuevo León).

HYBRID.—Quercus Xdeamü Trel. (Q. macrocarpa X muehlerubergii).

Quercos Xmutabilis Palmer & Steyerm.

Quercus palv^tris X shumardii

Quercus Xmutabilis Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann.

22: 521. 1935 ; as Q. palustris X shumardii var. schneckii.

DERIVATION.—^Variable.

RANGE.—Missouri.

Quercus myrtifolía Willd. fmyrtle oak

jQuercus myrtifolia Willd., Sp. Pl. 4(1) : 424. 1805.

Quercus inopina Ashe, Rhodora 21: 79. 1929.

DERIVATION.—Myrtle-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—scrub oak.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern South Carolina to southern Florida, west to southern Mississippi.

Quercus nana (Marsh.) Sarg., see Q. ilicifolia Wangenh.

Quercus neo-ashei Bush, see Q. marilandica Muenchh.

Quercus Xneopalmeri Sudw. Shumargra oak

Quercus nigra X shumardii

Quercus nigra X shumardii Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour.

4: 21. 1923 ; nomen nudum.

iQuercus Xneopalmeri Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Cir. 92:

92. 1927 ; as Q. nigra X shumardii; nomen nudum,

Quercus Xneopalmeri Sudw. ex Palmer, Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 29: 35. 1948 ; as Q. nigra X shumardii.

DERIVATION.—^A new name in honor of Ernest Jesse Palmer,

American botanist and authority on woody plants, who discovered

it. There is an earlier Q. palmeri Engelm., named for Edward

Palmer, and here regarded as a variety of Q. chrysolepis Liebm.

RANGE.—Georgia, central Florida, Alabama, and Arkansas.

Quercus Xneo-tharpii A. Camus Tharp live oak

Quercus oleoides X stellata

Quercus Xneo-tharpii A. Camus, Chênes 2: 754. 1939 ; Atlas

2 : pl. 226, figs. 9-19. 1938 ; as Q. durandii X virginiarui;

without Latin diagnosis.

Quercus Xneo-tharpii A. Camus, Soc. Bot. France Bui. 95:

68. 1948 ; as Q. stellata X virginiana.

Quercus Xneo-tharpii var. per-stellata A. Camus, Soc. Bot.

France Bui. 95: 68. 1948 ; as Q. stellata X virginiana.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 843

Quercvs Xneo-tharpii var. pervirginiana A. Camus, Soc. Bot.

France Bul. 95: 68. 1948; as Q. stellata X virginiana.

DEEIVATION.—^A new (or second) hybrid oak named for its

discoverer, Benjamin C. Tharp, botanist of Texas.

RANGE.—Southeastern Texas (Calhoun County) near coast.

According to C. H. MuUer (Tex. Ees. Found. Contrib. 1: 74, 76. 1951),

Quercus Xneo-tharpii A. Camus represents the cross Q, oleoides var. quaterna

X stellata. Q. oleoides Schiede & Deppe in Schlecht. & Cham. (Linnaea 6:

79. 1830) is related to Q, virginiana (or united with the latter by some

authors) but distributed in eastern Mexico and Central America and represented on the coast of southern and southeastern Texas by a shrubby

variety, Q. oleoides var. quaterna C. H. MuUer (Tex. Res. Found. Contrib.

1: 76, pis. 54, 55. 1951).

Quercus nigra L. fwateroak

fQuercus nigra L., Sp. PI. 995. 1753.

Quercus aquatica ß heterophyïla Ait., Hort. Kew. 3: 357.

1789.

Quercus aquatica y elongata Ait., Hort. Kew. 3: 357. 1789.

Quercus microcarya Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 28: 357.

1901.

-fQuercus nigra var. tridentifera Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 429.

1918.

Quercus nigra var. megacarpa Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul. 14 :

9. 1918.

Quercus rkombica var. ohovatifolia Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 431.

1918 (May 15).

Quercus nigra elongata (Ait.) Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bul.

49:268. 1922.

Quercus nigra heterophyïla (Ait.) Ashe, Rhodora 24: 79.

1922.

^Quercus obtusa ohovatifolia (Sarg.) Ashe, Rhodora 24: 78.

1922.

Quercus nigra var. microcarya (Small) Trel., Nati. Acad.

Sei. Mem. 20: 160. 1924; also as f. microcarya on p. 159

and pi. 309, fig. 1.

Quercus nigra var. plenocarpa Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem.

20: 160. 1924; also as f. plenocarpa on p. 159 and pi. 309,

fig. 3.

Quercus nigra var. saxicola Trel, Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20:

160. 1924; also as f. saxicola on p. 159 and pi. 309, fig. 2.

DERIVATION.—Black.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—possum oak, red oak (lumber),

spotted oak.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern New Jersey south to central Florida and eastern Texas, and north in Mississippi Valley

to eastern Oklahoma, and southeastern Missouri.

BYBBJDB.—Quercus Xcaduca Trel. (Q. incana X nigra) ; Q.

Xcapesii W. Wolf (Q. nigra X phellos) ; Q. Xdemarei Ashe (Q.

nigra X velutina) ; Q. Xgarlandensis Palmer (Q. falcata X

nigra) ; Q. Xneopalmeri Sudw. (Q. nigra X shumardii) ; Q.

Xsterilis Trel. (Q. marilandica X nigra) ; Q. Xwalteriana Ashe

(Q. laevis X nigra).
344 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Quercus nitescens Rydb., see Q. gambelii Nutt.

Quercus novomexicana (A. DC.) Rydb., see Q. gambelii Nutt.

*Quercus nuttallii Palmer Nuttall oak

Quercus nuttallii Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 8: 52.

1927.

Quercus palustris f. nuttallii (Palmer) C. H. MuUer, Amer.

Midland Nat. 27:478. 1942.

Quercus nuttallii var. cachensis Palmer, Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 18: 136, fig. 2. 1937.

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859),

English and American botanist and ornithologist.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—red oak (lumber).

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from Alabama to eastern Texas, north

in Mississippi Valley to southeastern Oklahoma, Arkansas, southeastern Missouri, and western Tennessee.

A commercially important species not distinguished until 1927, too late

for inclusion in the 1927 Check List.

Quercus oblongifolia Torr. fMexican blue oak

^Quercus oblongifolia Torr., in Sitgreaves Rpt. Expl. Zuni

Colo. Rivers 173, pi. 19. 1853; pi. 19, as ''obloncifolius."

DERIVATION.—Oblong-leaved.

RANGE.—Southwestern corner of New Mexico, southeastern

and western (Mohave County) Arizona, and northern Mexico

(Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila).

Quercus obtusa (Willd.) Ashe, see Q. laurifolia Michx.

Quercus obtusata Ashe, see Q. laurifolia Michx.

Quercus obtusifolia (A. DC.) Rydb., see Q. undulata Torr.

Quercus oglethorpensis Duncan Oglethorpe oak

Quercus oglethorpensis Duncan, Amer. Midland Nat. 24: 756.

1940.

DERIVATION.—From Oglethorpe County, Ga., where this oak

is most abundant, and indirectly honoring James Edward Oglethorpe (1696-1785), English general and founder of the colony

of Georgia.

RANGE.—Local in western South Carolina (Edgefield, Greenwood, McCormick, and Saluda Counties) and northeastern Georgia

(Elbert, Greene, Oglethorpe, and Wilkes Counties).

REFERENCE.—Duncan, Wilbur H. Quercus oglethorpensis—

range extensions and phylogenetic relationships. Lloydia 13 :

243-248, illus. 1950(1951?).

Quercus olivaeformis Michx., see Q. macrocarpa Michx.

Quercus oleoides Schiede & Deppe, see note under Q. Xneo-tharpii

A. Camus
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 345

Quercüs Xorganensis Trel. Organ Mountains oak

Quercus arizonica X grísea

Quercus arizonica X grísea Woot. & Standl., U. S. Nati. Mus.

Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 19: 171. 1915.

Quercus Xorganensis Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 50.

1917 ; as Q. arizonica X grísea; nomen nudum.

iQuercus Xorganensis Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 16.

1924; as Q. arizonica X grísea.

DERIVATION.—From Organ Mountains, where it was discovered.

RANGE.—Southern New Mexico (Organ Mountains, Dona Ana

County) ; described from a single tree.

Quercus Xoviedoensis Sarg., see note under Quercus L.

Quercus pagoda Raf., see Q. falcata var. pagodaefolía EU.

Quercus pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe, see Q, falcata var. pagodaefolía

EU.

Quercus Xpalaeolithîcola Trel. Fink oak

Quercus ellipsoidalis X velutina

fQuercus Xpalaeolithîcola Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56 :

50, pi. 1. 1917 ; as Q. ellipsoidalis X velutina.

DERIVATION.—Inhabitant of Paleozoic rock.

RANGE.—^Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana.

Quercus palmeri (Engelm.) Engelm., see Q. chrysolepis var.

palmeri (Engelm.) Sarg.

Quercus palustris Muenchh. tpin oak

-^Quercus palustris Muenchh., Hausvater 5: 253. 1770.

DERIVATION.—Of marshes.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Spanish oak, swamp oak, swamp

Spanish oak.

RANGE.—Massachusetts and southern New York to Pennsylvania, extreme southern Ontario, southern Michigan, northern

lUinois, southeastern Iowa, and eastern Kansas, south to northeastern Oklahoma, northern Arkansas, Tennessee, and South

Carolina.

HYBRIDS—Quercus Xexacta Trel. (Q. imbricaría X palustris) ;

Q. Xmutabilis Palmer & Steyerm, (Q. palustris X shumardii) ;

Q. Xschochiana Dieck (Q. palustris X phellos) ; Q. Xvaga Palmer

& Steye:rm. (Q. palustris X velutina).

Quercus pauciloba Rydb., see Q. undulata Torr.

Quercus Xpetiolaris Ashe, see Q. XpodophyUa Trel.

*Quercus pheUos L. fwiUow oak

iQuercus phellos L., Sp. PI. 944. 1753.

DERIVATION.—^The ancient Greek name of Quercus suber L., the

cork oak.
346 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^peach oak, pin oak, red oak (lumber),

swamp willow oak.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from Long Island, New Jersey, and

southeastern Pennsylvania south to Georgia, northwestern

Florida, and eastern Texas, and north in Mississippi Valley to

southeastern Oklahoma, southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois,

and western Kentucky.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xcapesii W. Wolf (Q. nigra X phellos) ;

Q. Xfilialis Little (Q. phellos X velutina) ; Q. Xgiffordii Trel. (Q.

ilicifolia X phellos) ; Q. Xheterophylla Michx. f. (Q. phellos X

rubra) ; Q. Xludoviciana Sarg. (Q. falcata X phellos) ; Q. XmouU

tonensis Ashe (Q. phellos X shumardii) ; Q. Xrudkinii Britton (Q.

marilandica X phellos) ; Q. Xschochiana Dieck (Q. palustris X

phellos).

Quercus platanoides (Lam.) Sudw., see Q. bicolor Willd.

Quercus Xpodophylla Trel.

Quercus incana X velutina

Quercus Xpetiolaris Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 11 :

90. 1894; as Q. cinérea X tinctoria? Not Q. petiolaris

Benth., PL Hartw. 55. 1840.

^Quercus Xpodophylla Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 51.

1917; as Q. cinérea X îvelutina.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, foot and leaf, referring to the

stout petiole.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain of Virginia (?), North Carolina (?), and

South Carolina (?).

Quercus Xporteri Trel., see Q. Xhawkinsiae Sudw.

Quercus pricei Sudw., see Q. agrifolia Née

Quercus prinoides Willd. fdwarf chinkapin oak

•\Quercus prinoides Willd. in Mühl. & Willd., Gesell. Naturf.

Freunde Berlin Neue Sehr. 3: 397. 1801.

Quercus prinoides var. rufescens Rehd., Rhodora 9: 61. 1907.

DERIVATION.—Resembling Quercus prinus.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—chinkapin oak, dwarf chestnut oak.

(The spelling dwarf chinquapin oak is also in use.)

RANGE.—Massachusetts and Vermont to southeastern Minnesota, south to eastern Kansas, central Oklahoma, Arkansas, Alabama (Montgomery County), Tennessee, and North Carolina.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xfaxonii Trel. (Q. alba X prinoides) ; Q.

Xstelloides Palmer (Q. prinoides X stellata).

Quercus prinus L. fchestnut oak

Quercus prinus L., Sp. PI. 995. 1753; in part.

tQttcrcws moniana Willd., Sp. PI. 4(1) : 440. 1805.

DERIVATION.—The classical Greek name of a European oak.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—rock chestnut oak, rock oak, white

oak (lumber).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 547

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine to New York, extreme southern

Ontario, Ohio, southern Indiana, and southern Illinois (Union

County), south to northeastern Mississippi, northern Georgia,

and southeastern Virginia.

REFERENCES.—Fernald, M. L. Types of some American trees.

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 27: 386-394, illus. 1946.

Palmer, Ernest J. Quercus prinus Linnaeus. Amer. Midland

Nat. 29: 783-784. 1943.

Sargent, C. S. Three of Clayton's oaks in the British Museum,

Rhodora 17: 39-40. 1915.

Svenson, H. K. On the descriptive method of Linnaeus. Rhodora 47: 273-302, 363-388, illus. 1945.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xbernardiensis W. Wolf (Q. prinus X

stellata) ; Q. Xsaulii Schneid. (Q. alba X prinus).

Quercus prinus is restored here for chestnut oak, following Fernald

(Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 544-545. 1950) and universal usage before 1915.

Some authors after that date, including Sudworth in the 1927 Check List,

applied Q. prinus to swamp chestnut oak and adopted Q. montana for this

species.

IfQuercus Xsargentii Rehd. (in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2886. 1916; as

Q, montana X rohur), representing the cross Quercus prinus [montana]

X robur, is known only in cultivation in Massachusetts and England and is

omitted here.

Quercus pseudomargaretta Trel., see Q. stellata var. margaretta

(Ashe) Sarg.

Quercus pungens Liebm. sandpaper oak

Quercus pungens var. pungens sandpaper oak (typical)

Quercus pungens Liebm., Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl.

Overs. 1854: 171. 1854.

Quercus undulata var. pungens (Liebm.) Engelm., Acad.

Sei. St. Louis Trans. 3: 392. 1877.

DERIVATION.—Pricking or piercing, referring to the spinytoothed leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—scrub oak.

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas, to central New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona. Also in northern Mexico (Chihuahua to Tamaulipas).

A shrub or moderate sized tree, according to C. H. Müller (Tex. Res.

Found. Contrib. 1: 69. 1951).

Quercus pungens var. vaseyana (Buckl.) C. H. Müller Vasey oak

iQitercus vaseyana Buckl., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 10: 91.

1883.

Quercus undulata vaseyana (Buckl.) Rydb., N. Y. Bot.

Gard. Bul. 2: 218, pi. 30, fig. 5. 1902.

Quercus pungens var. vaseyana (Buckl.) C. H. Müller, Tex.

Res. Found. Contrib. 1: 70, pi. 46. 1951.

DERIVATION.—Named for George Vasey (1822-93), botanist of

the United States Department of Agriculture.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fshin oak.
348 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Southwestern Texas (Edwards Plateau to Trans-Pecos

Texas) and northeastern Mexico (Coahuila to Tamaulipas).

Quercus pygmea (Sarg.) Ashe, see Q. virgîniana Mill.

Quercus Xrehderi Trel. Rehder oak

Quercus ilicifoUa X velutina

Quercus ilicifoUa X velutina Rehd., Rhodora 3: 138, pL 24,

figs. 1, 2. 1903.

Quercus Xrehderi Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 51. 1917;

as Q, ilicifoUa X velutina; nomen nudum.

IfQuercus Xrehderi Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20:16. 1924 ;

as Q. ilicifoUa X fvelutina.

DERIVATION.—Named for Alfred Rehder (1863-1949), American dendrologist of German birth, who first described and illustrated this hybrid.

RANGE.—Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Pennsylvania.

Quercus reticulata Humb. & Bonpl. fnetleaf oak

^Quercus reticulata Humb. & Bonpl., PI. Aequin. 2: 40, pi.

86. 1809.

Quercus diversicolor Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 73, pis.

92, 93. 1924.

Quercus diversicolor var. mearnsii Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei.

Mem. 20: 74, pi. 94. 1924.

Quercus diversicolor var. socorronis Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei.

Mem. 20:74. 1924.

DERIVATION.—-Netted, from the prominent veins in the leaves.

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas and southwestern New Mexico to

central Arizona. Also south to central Mexico (Chihuahua and

Coahuila to Guanajuato).

Quercus rhombica Sarg., see Q, laurifolia Michx.

Quercus rhombifolia Riddell, see Q. laurifolia Michx.

Quercus Xrichteri Baenitz, see Q, coccínea Muenchh.

Quercus Xrobbinsîî Trel. Robbins oak

Quercus coccínea X ilicifoUa

Quercus coccinea X ilicifoUa A. Gray, Man. Bot. North. U. S.

Ed. 5, 454. 1867 ; nomen nudum,

Quercus ilicifoUa X coccinea Robbins ex Engelm., Acad. Sei.

St. Louis Trans. 3: 542. 1877.

Quercus Xrobbinsii Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 51.

1917 ; as Q. coccinea X ilicifoUa; nomen nudum.

-fQuercus Xrobbinsii Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 16.

1924; as Q. coccinea X ilicifoUa.

DERIVATION.—Named for the discoverer, James Watson Robbins

(1801-1879).

RANGE.^—Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Pennsylvania.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 349

QUERCUS ROBUR L. . ENGLISH OAK

Quercus robur L., Sp. PL 996. 1753.

DERIVATION,—^Ancient Latin name, connoting the strength of

the wood.

RANGE.—Escaping from cultivation and naturalized locally in

southeastern Canada from Nova Scotia westward and in northeastern United States from Rhode Island west and south. Native

of Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia.

Quercus Xrobusta C. H. MuUer

Quercus emoryi X gravesii

Quercus robusta C. H. MuUer, Torreya 34: 119. 1934.

DERIVATION.—Robust.

RANGE.—Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Trans-Pecos

Texas.

A large tree described after publication of the 1927 Check List and later

reduced to a hybrid by its author, C. H. MuUer (Tex. Res. Found. Contrib.

1:80, pi. 62. 1951).

Quercus rolfsii Small, see Q. virginiana var. marítima (Michx.)

Sarg.

*Quercus rubra L. northern red oak

Quercus rubra L., Sp. PL 996. 1753 ; in part.

Quercus rubra L. emend. Du Roi, Harbk. Baumz. Nordamer.

2: 265, pi. 5, fig. 2. 1772.

Quercus rubra maxima Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 122. 1785.

fQuercus borealis Michx. f., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 98. 1817.

Quercus rubra var. borealis (Michx. f.) Farwell, Mich. Acad.

Sei. Ann. Rpt. 6: 206. 1904.

Quercus maxima (Marsh.) Ashe, Soc. Amer. Forest. Proc.

11: 90. 1916.

Quercus borealis [var.] maxima (Marsh.) Ashe, Soc. Amer.

Forest. Proc. 11: 90. 1916 (after Jan. 22) ; nomen provisorium. .

•^Quercus borealis var. maxima (Marsh.) Sarg., Rhodora 18:

48. 1916 (March 13).

^Quercus Xlowellii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 459. 1918; as Q.

borealis X ilicifolia; nomen nudum,

Quercus americana Valck. Suringar, Leyden Rijks Herbarium

Mededeel. 56: 12. 1928 ; nomen provisorium.

Erythrobalanus rubra (L.) 0. Schwarz, [Berlin] Bot. Gard,

u. Mus. Notizbl. 13: 4, fig. 1. 1936 ; Repert. Spec. Novarum

Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. D, 1: 24, fig. 1. 1936. O. Schwarz

ex Hill & Salisb., Index Kew. Sup. 10: 88. 1947.

DERIVATION.—Red.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—gray oak, common red oak, eastern

red oak, mountain red oak, fred oak.

RANGE.—Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, to Maine, southern Quebec, southern Ontario, northern Michigan, and northern

Minnesota, south to eastern Nebraska, southeastern Oklahoma,

Arkansas, Mississippi, and Georgia. Also local in southeastern
350 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Louisiana. The only native oak extending northeast to Nova

Scotia.

REFERENCES.—Fernald, M. L. Types of some American trees.

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 27: 386-394, illus. 1946.

Rehder, Alfred. Quercus rubra Linnaeus [proposed as nomen

ambiguum']. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 19: 283-284. 1938.

Sargent, C. S. Three of Clayton's oaks in the British Museum.

Rhodora 17: 39-40. 1915. -

Sargent, C. S. The name of the red oak. Rhodora 18: 45-48.

1916.

Svenson, H. K. Quercus rubra once more. Rhodora 41: 521-

524. 1939.

Svenson, H. K. On the descriptive method of Linneaus. Rhodora 47: 273-302, 363-388, illus. 1945.

Valckenier Suringar, J. Leyden Rijks Herbarium Mededeel.

56: 10-13,64, illus. 1928.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xfernaldii Trel. (Q. ilicifolia X rubra) ;

Q. Xhawkinsiae Sudw. (Q. rubra X velutina) ; Q. Xheterophylla

Michx. f. (Q. phellos X rubra) ; Q. Xruncinata (A. DC.) Engelm.

(Q. imbricaría X rubra),

Quercus rubra is restored here for the northern red oak, foHowing'

Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 546, 548. 1950) and universal usage

before 1915. Some authors after that date, including Sudworth in the 1927

Check List, applied Q. rubra to the southern red oak and adopted Q. borealis

for the northern red oak. Others rejected Q. rubra as a nomen ambiguum

because of the confused usage for two species and took up Q. falcata for the

southern red oak. Q, rubra L. was a composite species of red oaks and was

first typified as the northern red oak by Du Roi. As the confusion has

been relatively temporary, the simplest solution is to return to the older

nomenclature.

Quercus Xrudkinii Britton Rudkîn oak

Quercus marilandica X phellos

iQuercus Xrudkini Britton, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 9: 14, pis.

10-12; figs. 3-5. 1882; as Q. phellos X nigra.

^Quercus Xdubia Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 11:

93. 1894; as Q. phellos? X ? Not Q. dubia Aim in L., PI.

Surinam. 15. 1775. Not Q. dubia Newberry, U. S. Nati.

Mus. Proc. 5: 506. 1883; fossil, Miocene, Montana.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, William H. Rudkin.

RANGE.—Recorded from southern New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida,

Louisiana, and Arkansas.

REFERENCE.—Allard, H. A. The hybrid oak, XQuercus rudkini,

at Arlington, Virginia. Rhodora 44: 262-266, illus. 1942.

Quercus Xruncinata (A. DC.) Engelm. bottom oak

Quercus imbricaría X rubra

Quercus rubra L. ß runcinata A. DC. in DC, Prodr, 16(2) :

60. 1864.

Quercus runcinata (A. DC.) Engelm., Oaks of U. S. 20.

1876 ; nomen provisoriiim, Acad. Sei. St. Louis Trans. 3 :

542. 1877; nomen provisorium.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 851

fQiiercus Xruncinata (A. DC.) Engelm. ex TreL, Nati. Acad.

Sei. Mem. 20: 16. 1924; as Q. imbricaría X maxima.

DERIVATION.—Runcinate, or sharply and deeply cut, with the

segments turned backward, referring to the leaves.

RANGE.—Recorded from Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,

Missouri, Kansas, Kentucky, and Maryland.

Quercus rydbergiana Cockerell, see Q. undulata Torr.

Quercus Xsargentii Rehd., see note under Q, prinus L.

Quercus Xsaulii Schneid. fSaul oak

Quercus alba X prinus

-fQuercus Xsaulii Schneid., Illus. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 203.

1904; as Q. alba X prinus.

DERIVATION.—Named for John Saul (1819-1897), nurseryman

and florist at Washington, D. C, who collected it there in 1894.

RANGE.—Recorded from Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Alabama,

North Carolina, Virginia, District of Columbia, and Maryland.

REFERENCES.—Allard, H. A. A progeny study of the so-called

oak species Quercus saulii, with notes on other probable hybrids

found in or near the District of Columbia. Torrey Bot. Club.

Bui. 59: 267-277, illus. 1932.

Allard, H.^A. An analysis of seedling progeny of an individual

of Quercus saulii compared with seedlings of a typical individual

of the white oak (Quercus alba) and a typical rock chestnut oak

(Quercus montana). Castanea 14: 109-117, illus. 1949.

Quercus schneckii Britton, see Q. shumardii Buckl.

Quercus Xschochiana Dieck Schoch oak

Quercus palustris X phellos

Quercus Xschochiana Dieck, Neuheit.-Off. Zöschen 1894-95:

20. 1894; as Q. palustris X phellos; nom. nud. (not seen).

Quercus Xschochiana Dieck ex Schoch, Deut. DendroL Gesell.

Mitt. 1896: 9. 1896 ; as Q. phellos X palustris; nom.

subnud. (seen in Ed. 2, 158. 1909).

Quercus Xschochiana Dieck ex Palmer, Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 29: 40. 1948; as Q. palustris X phellos.

DERIVATION.—Named for State Garden Director Schoch, who

discovered it in a park at Wörlitz, Germany.

RANGE.—Recorded from Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, and Arkansas. Also in cultivation.

Quercus Xschuettei Trel. Schuette oak

Quercus bicolor X macrocarpa

Quercus Xschuettei Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 51, pis.

2, 3. 1917; as Q. bicolor X macrocarpa.

Quercus Xhillii TreL, Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 49.1917; as

Q. macrocarpa X muehlenbergii; nomen nudum.

•fQuercus Xhillii Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 15. 1924;
352 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

as Q. macropara X muehlenhergiL

DERIVATION.—Named for J. H. Schuette, of Green Bay, Wis.,

who collected it in 1893.

RANGE.—Recorded from southern Quebec, New York, Michigan,

Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Indiana.

Quercus Xshîrlingii Bush, see Q. Xeggeestonii Trel.

Quercus shrevei C. H. MuUer, see note under Q. wislizeniî A. DC.

*Quercus shumardii Buckl. Shumard oak

HYBRIDS.—Q^¿erc^¿s Xegglestonii Trel. (Q. imbricaría X shumardii) ; Q, Xhastingsii Sarg. (Q. marilandica X shumardii) ;

Q. Xjoorii Trel. (Q. falcata X shumardii) ; Q. Xmoultonensis

Ashe (Q. phellos X shumardii) ; Q. Xmutabilis Palmer & Steyerm.

(Q, paVustris X shumardii) ; Q. Xneopalmeri Sudw. (Q. nigra

X shumardii).

Quercus shumardii var. shumardii Shumard oak (typical)

fQuercus shumardii Buckh^ Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 1860

[v. 12] : 444. 1860.

Quercus schneckii Britton in Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul.-

2:230. 1901.

-fQuercus shumardii var. schneckii (Britton) Sarg., Bot. Gaz.

65: 425. 1918.

Quercus shumardii var. acerifolia Palmer, Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 8: 54. 1927.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Benjamin Franklin Shumard (1820-

69), State Geologist of Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—red oak (lumber), Schneck oak,

tSchneck red oak, fShumard red oak, southern red oak, spotted

oak, swamp red oak.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from North Carolina to northern Florida

and eastern and central Texas, north in Mississippi Valley to

southwestern Oklahoma, eastern Kansas, southern Illinois,

Indiana, and southern Ohio. Also local in southern Pennsylvania,

Maryland, and West Virginia.

Quercus shumardii var. texana (Buckl.) Ashe Texas oak

•^Quercus texana Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Proc. 1860

[v. 12] : 444. 1860.

Quercus rubra var. texana (Buckl.) Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sei.

Phila. Proc. 1881 [v. 33] : 123. 1881.

Quercus shumardii var. texana (Buckl.) Ashe, Charleston

Mus. Bul. 14: 9. 1918; nomen provisorium. Name validated by Gray Herbarium Card-Index, Issue No. 78.

DERIVATION.—Of Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Spanish oak, spotted oak, Texas red

oak.

RANGE.—Southern Oklahoma (Arbuckle Mountains) and central Texas, including Edwards Plateau.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 35a

Quercus similis Ashe, see Q, stellata Wangenh.

Quercus simiata Walt., see Q. durandii Buckl.

Quercus Xsmallii Trel. Smalls oak

Quercus georgiana X marilandica

Quercus georgiana X nigra Small, Torrey Bot. Club. Bui.

22: 75, pi. 233. 1895.

Quercus Xsmallii Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 51. 1917 ;

as Q. georgiana X marilandica; nomen nudum,

^Querctcs XsmMlii Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20:17. 1924 ;

as Q. georgiana X marilandica.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, John Kunkel Small

(1869--1938), American botanist and authority on plants of southeastern United States.

RANGE.—Georgia (Stone Mountain, DeKalb County).

*Quercus stellata Wangenh. fpost oak

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xbernardiensis W. Wolf (Q. prinus X stellata) ; Q. Xfemowii Trel. (Q. alba X stellata) ; Q. Xgu/idalupensis

Sarg. (Q. macrocarpa X stellata) ; Q. Xharbisonii Sarg. (Q. stellata X virginiana) ; Q. Xmacnabiana Sudw. (Q. durandii X

stellata) ; Q, Xneo-tharpii A. Camus (Q. oleoides X stellata) ; Q.

Xstelloides Palmer (Q. prinoides X stellata) ; Q. sterrettii Trel.

(Q. Z^raia X stellata) ; Q. Xsubstellata Trel. (Q. bicolor X stellata).

Quercus stellata var. stellata post oak (typical)

Quercus alba minor Marsh., i^rbustr. Amer. 120. 1785.

Quercus stellata Wangenh., Beytr. Teutsch. Holzger. Fortwiss. Anpflanz. Nordamer. Holz. 78, pi. 6, fig. 15. 1787.

Quercus minor (Marsh.) Sarg., Gard, and Forest 2: 471.

1889.

^Quercus stellata var. attenuata Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 437.

1918.

Quercus stellata var. paludosa Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 441. 1918.

^Quercus stellata var. parviloba Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 438.

1918.

Quercus ashei Sterrett, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 37:

178. 1922.

Quercus similis Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 40 :

43. 1924.

•fQuercus stellata similis (Ashe) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr.

Mise. Cir. 92: 107. 1927.

DERIVATION.—^Starred, the leaves described as five-lobed and

star-shaped.

OTHER'COMMON NAME.-—iron oak.

RANGE.—Local in southern New England from southeastern

Massachusetts to southeastern New York, southeastern Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, central Illinois, and southern

Iowa, south to eastern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and central

Texas, and east to northern Florida.
S54 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPl'. OF AGÏIIGULTUÎUË

The hybrid Quercus havardii X stellatay of southwestern Oklahoma and

central and northwestern Texas, was recorded as a shrub or small tree to

10 feet high by C. H. Müller (Tex. Res. Found. Contrib. 1: 55, pi. 27. 1951).

He cited as synonyms of this cross tQ. stellata var. anómala Sarg. (Bot.

Gaz. 65: 438. 1918), var. palmeri Sarg. (Bot. Gaz. 65: 439. 1918), and

var. -frufescens Sarg. (Bot. Gaz. 65: 439. 1918).

Quercus stellata var. margaretta (Ashe) Sarg. sand post oak

IQuercus drummondii Liebm., Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. Overs. 1854: 170. 1854.

Quercus minor var. margaretta Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei.

Soc. Jour. 11: 94. 1894.

Quercus boyntoni Beadle, Biltmore Bot. Studies 1: 47. 1901.

Quercus margaretta Ashe ex Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S.

355. 1903.

iQuercus stellata var. margaretta (Ashe) Sarg., Trees and

Shrubs 2: 219, pi. 185. 1913.

fQuercus stellata var. araniosa Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 441.

1918.

jQuercus stellata var. boyntonii (Beadle) Sarg., Bot. Gaz.

65: 437. 1918.

Quercus margaretta [var.] araniosB, (Sarg.) Ashe, Elisha

Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 34: 137. 1918.

Quercus margaretta [var.?] stolonifera (Sarg.) Ashe, Elisha

Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 34: 137. 1918.

Quercus Xpseudomargaretta Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem.

20: 16, 105. 1924; as Q. margaretta X stellata?

Quercus stellata var. drummondii (Liebm.) TreL^ Nat!.

Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 105. 1924 ; as synonym.

DERIVATION.—Named for Margaret Henry Wilcox, later Mrs.

W. W. Ashe.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—dwarf post oak (SPN), fpost oak,

runner oak, scrubby post oak.

RANGE.—Southeastern Virginia to Missouri and eastern Oklahoma south to central Texas and central Florida. Also locally

northeast to Massachusetts.

Quercus stellata var. mississippiensis (Ashe) Little

Delta post oak

Quercus mississippiensis Ashe, Torreya 31: 39. 1931.

Quercus stellata var. mississippiensis (Ashe) Little, Phytologia 4:305. 1953.

DERIVATION.—Of Mississippi.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Mississippi Valley oak, post oak,

yellow oak.

RANGE.—Mississippi River Valley in bottom lands, western

Mississippi, southeastern Arkansas, and eastern Louisiana.

This oak was described after publication of the 1927 Check List and

recently has been reduced to varietal status. Quercus mississippiensis was

included in the list of important bottom-land hardwoods of the lower

Mississippi Valley by John A. Putnam (Management of bottomland hardwoods. U. S. Dept. Agr. Forest Serv., South. Forest Expt. Sta. Occas. Pap.

116, 60 pp. 1951).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 355

Querctis stellipila (Sarg.) Parks, see Q. gravesii Sudw.

Quercus Xstelloides Palmer stelloîdes oak

Quercus prinoides X stellata

Quercus Xstelloides Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 18: 139.

1937.

DERIVATION.—^Resembling a star, doubtless referring to its relationship with Q. stellata Wangenh., post oak.

RANGE.—Recorded from Massachusetts, New Jersey, Missouri,

Kansas, and Oklahoma.

This hybrid usually is shrubby but rarely becomes arborescent and up

to 13 feet or more in height, according to Palmer (Arnold Arboretum Jour.

29:41. 1948).

Quercus Xsterîlîs Trel. blackwater oak

Quercus marilandica X nigra

fQuercus Xsterilis Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 51.

1917; as Q. marilandica X nigra; nomennudum.

Quercus Xsterilis Trel. ex Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour.

29: 41. 1948 ; as Q. marilandica X nigra.

DERIVATION.—Sterile, or not fruiting.

RANGE.—North Carolina, Georgia, and eastern Texas.

Quercus Xsterrettii Trel, Sterrett oak

Quercus lyrata X stellata

Quercus Xsterretti Trel, Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 17, 107.

1924.

DERIVATION.—-Named for its discoverer, William Dent Sterrett, forester with the United States Forest Service.

RANGE.—Arkansas.

Quercus Xsubfalcata Trel., see Q. Xludoviciana Sarg.

Quercus Xsubintegra Trel.

Quercus falcata X incana

Quercus falcata var. subintegra Engelm., Acad. Sei. St. Louis

Trans. 3: 542. 1877.

Quercus Xsubintegra Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 52.

1917 ; as Q. cinérea X cuneata; nomen nudum,

iQuercus Xsubintegra Trel., Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 17.

1924 ; as Q. cinérea X rubra.

DERIVATION.—Almost entire, referring to the leaves.

RANGE.—Recorded from Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina,

Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.

Quercus Xsublaurifolia Trel., see Q. Xatlantica Ashe

Quercus submollis Rydb., see Q- gambelii Nutt.

Quercus subobtusifolia A. Camus, see Q. undulata Torr.

Quercus Xsubstellata Trel. substellata oak

Quercus bicolor X stellata
356 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Quercus Xsubstellata Trel., Nat. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 17,

105. 1924; as Q. bicolor X stellata.

DERIVATION.—Somewhat like Quercus stellata Wangenh., post

oak, one of the parental species.

RANGE.—New Jersey.

Quercus subturbinella Trel., see Q. turbinella Greene

Quercus succulenta Small, see Q. vîrgîniana var. marítima

(Michx.) Sarg.

Quercus Xsudworthi Trel., see Q. Xwilldenowiana (Dippel) Zabel

Quercus tardifolia C. H. MuUer, see note under Q« gravesii Sudw.

Querc^is texana Buckl., see Q. shumardii var. texana (Buckl.) Ashe

Quercus Xtharpii C. H. MuUer Tharp oak

Quercus emoryi X graciliformis

Quercus tharpii C. H. Müller, Amer. Midland Nat. 19: 586.

1938.

DERIVATION.—^Named for Benjamin C. Tharp, botanist of

Texas.

RANGE.—Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Trans-Pecos

Texas.

A small tree named as a species and later reduced ta a hybrid by its

author, C. H. Müller (Tex. Res. Found. Contrib. 1: 79, pi. 61. 1951).

Quercus tomentella Engelm. fisland live oak

'fQuercus tomentella Engelm., Acad. Sei. St. Louis Trans.

3: 393. 1877.

DERIVATION.—^Minutely tomentose, referring to the finely hairy

twigs and young leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—island oak.

RANGE.—Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Santa Catalina, and San

Clemente Islands off coast of southern California, and Guadalupe

Island off Lower California, Mexico.

Quercus toumeyi Sarg. fToumey oak

fQuercus toumeyi Sarg., Gard, and Forest 8: 92, figs. 13,

14. 1895.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, James William Toumey

(1865-1932), American forester and botanist.

RANGE.—Southwestern corner of New Mexico (San Luis Mountains) , southeastern Arizona, and northern Mexico (Sonora and

Chihuahua).

Quercus Xtownei Palmer Towne oak

Quercus dumosa X lobata

Quercus Xtownei Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 29: 43.

1948; as Q. dumosa X lobata.

DERIVATION.—Named for Stuart S. Towne, who discovered it

in 1918.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 857

RANGE.—California (Los Angeles County).

A recently described hybrid becoming a shrub or tree to 20 feet high.

Quercus Xtridentata (A. DC.) Engelm. St. Louis oak

Quercus imbricaría X marilandica

Quercus nigra y tridentata A. DC, Prodr. 16(2) : 64. 1864.

-fQuercus Xtridentata (A. DC.) Engelm., Acad. Sei. St.

Louis Trans. 3: 539. 1877 ; as Q. imbricaría X nigra.

DERIVATION.—Three-toothed, referring to the leaves.

RANGE.—Recorded from Pennsylvania, Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, and Virginia.

Quercus triloba Michx., see Q. falcata Michx.

Quercus turbinella Greene shrub live oak

Quercus turbinella Greene in Kellogg & Greene, Illus. West

Amer. Oaks 37. 1889 ; 59, pi. 27. 1890.

Quercus dumosa var. turbinella (Greene) Jeps., Silva Calif.

218. 1910.

Quercus suhturbinella TreL, Nati. Acad. Sei. Mem. 20: 95,

pi. 153. 1924.

DERIVATION.—^Top-shaped, referring to the acorn cups.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—scrub oak, encino.

RANGE.—Southern Colorado, southern Utah, and southern

Nevada, south to southeastern California, Arizona, New Mexico,

and Trans-Pecos Texas. Also in northern Lower California,

Mexico.

A shrub or rarely a small tree to 15 feet tall, according to Kearney and

Peebles (Ferns Fl. PI. Ariz. 225. 1942), Little (Southwest. Trees 48. 1950),

and MuUer (Tex. Res. Found. Contrib. 1: 62. 1951).

Quercus undulata Torr. wavyleaf oak

^Quercus undulata Torr., Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. Ann. 2: 248,

pi. 4. 1828.

Quercus fendleri Liebm., Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl.

Overs. 1854: 170. 1854.

Quercus undulata ß ohtusifolia A. DC. in DC, Prodr. 16 (2) :

23. 1864.

Quercus venustula Greene in Kellogg & Greene, Illus. West

Amer. Oaks 69, pi. 32. 1890,

Quercus obtusifolixi (A. DC.) Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul.

2: 213, pi. 29, figs. 3-4. 1901. Not Q. obtusifolixi D. Don,

Prodr. Fl. Nep. 56. 1825.

Quercus pauciloba Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 2: 215, pi. 30,

fig. 2. 1901.

Quercus rydbergiana Cockerell, Torreya 3: 7. 1903.

Quercus media Woot. & StandL, U. S. Nati. Mus. Contrib. U.

S. Nati. Herbarium 16: 116. 1913.

Quercus subobtusifolia A. Camus, Soc. Bot. de France Bul.

81: 816. 1934.

DERIVATION.—^Undulate, referring to the wavy margined leaves.
358 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S, DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fRocky Mountain shin oak, scrub oak,

shin oak, switch oak.

RANGE.—Colorado, southern Utah, and southern Nevada, south

to Arizona, New Mexico, and Trans-Pecos Texas. Also in northern

Mexico (Coahuila).

Quercics undulata var. vaseyana (Buckl.) Rydb., see Q. pungens

var. vaseyana (Buckl.) C. H. Müller

Quercus utahensis (A. DC.) Rydb., see Q. gambelii Nutt.

Quercus vaccinifolia Kellogg, see note under Q. chrysolepis Liebm.

Quercus Xvaga Palmer & Steyerm,

Quercus palustris X velutina

Quercus Xvaga Palmer & Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann.

22: 521. 1935; as Q. palustris X velutina.

DERIVATION.—Wandering.

RANGE.—Missouri.

Quercus vaseyana Buckl., see Q. pungens var. vaseyana (Buckl.)

C. H. Müller

''^ Quercus velutina Lam. fblack oak

-fQuercus velutina Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 721. 1785.

ÎQuercus velutina var. missouriensis Sarg., Man. Trees No.

Amer. 239. 1905.

Quercus missouriensis (Sarg.) Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul.

13:28. 1917.

ilQuercus leiodermis Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 40:

43. 1924.

DERIVATION.—^Velvety, referring to the young leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^red oak (lumber), fsmooth-bark oak,

yellow oak, quercitron oak, quercitron, yellowbark oak.

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine to New York, extreme southern

Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, southeastern Minnesota, and southeastern Nebraska, south to eastern Texas, northwestern Florida,

and Georgia.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. Types of some American trees.

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 27: 386-394, illus. 1946.

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xbushii Sarg. (Q. marilandica X velutina) ;

Q. Xdemarei Ashe (Q. nigra X velutina) ; Q. Xfilialis Little (Q.

phellos X velutina) ; Q. Xhawkinsiae Sudw. (Q. rubra X velvr

tina) ; Q. Xleana Nutt. (Q. imbricaria X velutina) ; Q, Xpalaeolir

thicola Trel. (Q. ellipsoidalis X velutina) ; Q. Xpodophylla Trel.

(Q. incana X velutina) ; Q. Xrehderi Trel. (Q. ilicifolia X velutina) ; Q. Xvaga Palmer & Steyerm. (Q. palustris X velutina) ;

Q. Xwilldenowiana (Dippel) Zabel (Q. falcata X velutina).

Quercus venulosa Ashe, see note under Q. arkansana Sarg.

Quercus venv^tula Greene, see Q. undulata Torr.

Quercus virginiana Mill. flive oak

HYBRIDS.—Quercus Xcomptoniae Sarg. (Q. lyrata X virginiana) ; Q. Xharbisonii Saxg. (Q. stellata X virginiana).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 359

Quercos vîrgînîana var. vîrgînîana live oak (typical)

fQuerciis virginiana Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed, 8, Quercus No. 16.

1768.

Quercus virens var. dentata Chapm., Fl. South. IT. S. 421.

1860.

Quercus virginiana var. minima Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 8:

101, pi. 896. 1895.

Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 24:

438. 1897.

Quercus virginiana var, dentata (Chapm.) Chapm. ex Sarg.,

Bot. Gaz. 65: 449. 1918.

^Quercus virginiana var. macrophylla Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65:

447. 1918.

Quercus virginiana var. pygmaea Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 449.

1918.

IfQuercus virginiana var. virescens Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 446.

1918.

Quercus pygmea (Sarg.) Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 55: 465.

1928.

DERIVATION.—Of Virginia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Virginia live oak.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to southern

Florida, west to eastern and southern Texas. Also in western

Cuba.

Quercus virginiana var. fusiformis (Small) Sarg.

Quercus fusiformis Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 23: 357.

1901.

Quercus virginiana var. fusiformis (Small) Sarg., Bot, Gaz.

65: 448. 1918.

DERIVATION.—Spindle-shaped, from the slender or switchlike

branches.

COMMON NAMES.—^live oak, scrub live oak.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oklahoma, and from central Texas to

Edwards Plateau and southern Texas. Also in northeastern

Mexico (Coahuila to Tamaulipas).

This variety, which was mentioned as a shrub in a note in the 1927 Check

List, also becomes a tree to 39 feet high, according to C. H. Müller (Tex.

Res. Found. Contrib. 1: 74. 1951), and is included here.

Quercus vîrgînîana var. marîtîma (Michx.) Sarg, sand live oak

Querctis phellos [var.] marítima Michx., Hist. Chênes Amer.

Sept., Quercus No. 7, pi. 13, fig. 3. 1801.

Quercus maritima (Michx.) Willd., Spec. PI. 4(1): 424.

1805. Not Qu£rcus maritima Bartr., Travels 164. 1791.

^Quercus andromeda Riddell, New Orleans Med. and Surg.

Jour. 9: 614/ 1853.

Quercus virens var. maritim^a (Michx.) Chapm., Fl. South.

U. S. 421. I860.

Quercus virginiana var. marítima (Michx.) Sarg., Silva No.

Amet. 8: 100. 1895.
360 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Quercus geminata Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 24: 438.

1897

Quercus rolfsii Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. S : 422. 1905.

Quercus succulenta Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard Bul. 3: 422. 1905.

fQuercus virginiana var. eximia Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 65: 447.

1918; as ''eximea"

•fQuercus virginiana var. geminata (Small) Sarg., Bot. Gaz.

65:445. 1918.

Quercus geminata var. grandifolia (Sarg.) Trel., Nati. Acad.

Sei. Mem. 20: 115. 1924.

Quercus geminata var. succulenta (Small) Trel., Nati. Acad.

Sei. Mem. 20: 115. 1924.

DERIVATION.—Maritime, from its habitat along shores.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—dwarf live oak, Rolfs oak.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern North Carolina to

southern Florida, west to Mississippi and southeastern Louisiana.

This variety has generally been known as Quercus virginiana^ yar.

geminata (Small) Sarg. However, the oldest varietal epithet, var. maritima,

is adopted here.

Quercus vreelandii Rydb., see Q. gambelii Nutt.

Quercus Xwalteriana Ashe Walter oak

Quercus laevis X nigra

•^Quercus Xwalteriana Ashe, Soc. Amer. Foresters Proc. 11 :

89. 1916.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Thomas Walter (1740?~89), Englishborn planter and botanist of South Carolina.

RANGE.—North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and

Alabama.

Formerly referred to Quercus sinuata Walt., a briefly described name

of uncertain identity.

Quercus wilcoxii Rydb., see Q. chrysolepis var. palmeri (Engelm.)

Sarg.

Quercus Xwilldenowiana (Dippel) Zabel Willdenow oak

Quercus falcata X velutina

Quercus tinctoria Bartr. [Abart] a discolor (Willd.) Dippel

a willdenowiana Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 122. 1892.

Quercus Xwilldenowiana (Dippel) Zabel in Beissner, Schelle,

& Zabel, Handb. Laubholz-Benenn. 67. 1903.

iQuercus Xsudworthi Trel., Amer. Phil. Soc. Proc. 56: 52.

1917; nomen nudum.

DERIVATION.—Named for Karl Ludwig Willdenow (1765--1812),

German botanist, who in 1805 described an oak afterwards

thought to have been the same.

RANGE.—^Recorded from North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas,

and Georgia. Originally described from plants cultivated in

Europe.

Quercus wislizenii A. DC. interior live oak

fQuercus wislizeni A. DC. in DC, Prodr. 16(2) :: 67. 1864.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 361

Quercus wisUzeni var. frutescens Engelm., Acad. Sei. St.

Louis Trans. 3: 396. 1877.

Quercus wislizeni var. extima (Jeps.) Jeps., Man. Fl. PI.

Calif. 276. 1923.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Friedrich Adolph

Wislizenus (1810-89), American physician of German birth,

who collected plants in southwestern United States and northern

Mexico.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.^—fhighland live oak, Sierra live oak.

RANGE.—California, from Shasta County southward to northern

Lower California, Mexico.

HYBRID.—Quercus Xmore/ia Kellogg (Q. kelloggii X wisUzenii).

Quercus shrevei C. H. Müller (Amer. Midland Nat. 19: 587. 1938)

described as a small tree from a single collection in Monterey County, California, is closely related to Q, wislizenii and may be a variety or hybrid.

Rapanea Aubl. (Family Myrsinaceae) rapanea

fRapanea Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane Franc. 1:121, pi. 46. 1775.

DERIVATION.—From the native name of Rapanea guianensis

Aubl. in Guiana.

Rapanea guianensis Aubl. Guiana rapanea

iRapanea guianensis Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane Franc. 1:121, pi.

46. 1775.

DERIVATION.—Of Guiana; described from French Guiana.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—myrsine.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies, southern Mexico (Chiapas), Central America, and

South America.

Reynosia Griseb. (Family Rhamnaceae) darling-plum

fReynosia Griseb., Cat. PI. Cub. 33. 1866.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to Alvaro Rejmoso (1830-88), Cuban

chemist and agriculturist.

Reynosia septentrionalis Urban darling-plum

fReynosia septentrionalis Urban, S3mib. Ant. 1: 356. 1899.

DERIVATION.—Northern; the northernmost representative of

this West Indian genus of about nine species.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—northern darling-plum (SPN), fredironwood.

RANGE.^—Southern Florida, north on east coast to central Florida and including Florida Keys. Also in Bahama Islands.

At one time included in Reynosia latifolia Griseb. of Cuba.

Rhacoma L., see Crossopetalum P. Br.

Rhamnidium ferreum (Vahl) Sarg., see Erugiodendron ferreum

(Vahl) Urban

RhanrnusL. (Family Rhamnaceae) buckthorn

iRhamnus L., Sp. PL 193. 1753 ; Gen. PL Ed- 5,89. 1754.
362 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—The ancient Greek name.

REFERENCE.—Wolf, Carl B. The North American species of

Rhamnus. Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard. Monoff., Bot. Ser.

1. 136 pp., iUus. 1938.

The classical, feminine gender is adopted here to conform to the International Code and to usage, though Linnaeus assigned masculine gender to

this genus.

Rhamnus anonaefolia Greene, see R. purshiana DC.

Rhamnus betulaefolía Greene birchleaf buckthorn

Rhamnus betulaefolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 16. 1896.

Rhamnus purshiana DC. var. betulaefolia (Greene) Cory.

Rhodora38:407. 1936.

Rhamnus betulaefolia var. obovata Kearney & Peebles, Wash.

Acad. Sei. Jour. 29: 486. 1939.

DERIVATION.—With leaves like Betula, or birchleaf.

RANGE.—Mountains from Trans-Pecos Texas to southern New

Mexico, southeastern to northern Arizona, southern Utah, and

southern Nevada. Also in northern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua to Durango and Tamaulipas).

A shrub 8 feet or less in height but found as a small tree in Jumpup

Canyon west of Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona by Leslie N. Gooddin?

íí'rm®* Southwest. Trees. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 9: 85-86, fig. 1950).

Rhamnus californîca Eschsch. var. ursina (Greene) McMinn

California buckthorn

Rhamnus ursina Greene, Leaflets 1: 63. 1904.

Rhamnus californica Eschsch. subsp. ursina (Greene) Wolf,

Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard. Monog., Bot. Ser. 1: 74.

figs. 5 e-f, 30. 1938.

Rhamnus californica Eschsch. var. ursina (Greene) McMinn,

Illus. Man. Calif. Shrubs 329. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Of California; the varietal name meaning of

bears is from Bear Mountain, near Silver City, N. Mex., the type

locality.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—coffeeberry, California coifeeberry,

coast coffeeberry, pigeonberry.

RANGE.—Mountains from southwestern New Mexico to southeastern and central Arizona, southern Nevada, and southeastern

California.

X. Ti^? '^i^^^^y ^s a shrub 6 feet or more in height but sometimes a small tree

T-^ri /o^ .1^^ ?^â, ^ ii^cj^es in trunk diameter and included as a tree by

Little (Southwest. Trees. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 9: 84-85, fig. 1950).

-.oo^x ^^^.!. ^^^^f^'*"^^^^ Eschsch. (Acad. Sei. St. Petersb. Mém. 10: 285.

r' Il C^"\o^"ia buckthorn, generally is a shrub and includes the typical

shrubby variety and other shrubby varieties ranging in southwestern Oregon.

California, and northern Lower California, Mexico.

Rhamnus caroliniana Walt. Carolina buckthorn

^Rhamnus caroliniana Walt, Fl. Carol. 101. 1788; as

^'carolinianus/'

Rhamnus caroliniana var. mollis Fern., Rhodora 12: 79

1910.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 363

DERIVATION.—Of Carolina.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Indian-cherry, tree buckthorn, fyellow

buckthorn.

RANGE.—^Western Virginia, West Virginia, southern Ohio,

southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and southeastern Nebraska,

south to Missouri, eastern Oklahoma, central and eastern Texas,

east to central Florida, and north to eastern North Carolina. Also

in northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas).

RHAMNUS CATHARTICA L. EUROPEAN BUCKTHORN

Rhamnus cathartica L., Sp. PL 193. 1753 ; as ''catharticus/'

DERIVATION.—Cathartic; the fruit has been used in medicine.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—common buckthorn (SPN), European

waythorn.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized locally from

Nova Scotia to Maine, extreme southern Quebec, southern Ontario, Ohio, southern Wisconsin, Illinois, and eastern North

Dakota, south to Missouri and Virginia. Native of Europe and

Asia. A shrub or small tree to 26 feet high.

Rhamnus crocea Nutt., see note under R. crocea var. ilicifolia

(Kellogg) Greene

Rhamnus crocea var. ilicifolia (Kellogg) Greene

fhoUyleaf buckthorn

Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg, Calif. Acad. Sei. Proc. 2: 37.

1863 ; as ''ilicifolius."

•^Rhamnus crocea var. ilicifolia (Kellogg) Greene, Fl. Franciscana 79. 1891.

Rhamnus crocea subsp. ilicifolia (Kellogg) C. B. Wolf,

Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard. Monog., Bot. Ser., 1: 39,

figs. 1 h-o, 2 g-1, 12. 1938.

DERIVATION.—With leaves like Ilex, or hollyleaf.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^hollyleaf redberry buckthorn (SPN),

redberry buckthorn, large-leaf redberry buckthorn, hollyleaf

coifeeberry, hollyleaf redberry.

RANGE.—Mountains from southeastern to northwestern Arizona

and from northern California south to northern Lower California,

Mexico.

-fRhmnnus crocea Nutt. (in Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 1: 261. 1838),

hollyleaf buckthorn (redberry buckthorn, SPN), in its typical variety var.

crocea and IfRhamnus crocea var. pilosa Trel. are shrubs usually less than

6 feet high. However, the two varieties listed here reach tree size. R. crocea

var. ilicifolia (Kellogg) Greene is generally shrubby but becomes a small

tree to 15 feet in height. The range of the species embraces that of the two

arborescent varieties listed here.

Rhamnus crocea var. pirifolia (Greene) Little

great redberry buckthorn

Rhamnus insularis Greene, Calif. Acad. Sei. Bul. 2: 392.

1887 ; in part.

^Rhamnus crocea var. insularis Sarg., Gard, and Forest 2:

364. 1889 ; in part. Not R. insulus Kellogg, Calif. Acad.
364 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Sei. Proc. 2: 20. 1863. Not R. crocea subsp. insula

(Kellogg) C. B. Wolf, Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard.

Monog., Bot. Ser. 1: 36, fig, 10. 1938.

Rhamnus pirifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 15. 1896.

Rhamnus crocea subsp. pirifolia (Greene) C. B. Wolf, Rancho

Santa Ana Bot. Gard. Monog., Bot Ser. 1: 45, figs. 4 c, 13-

16. 1938.

Rhamnus crocea var. pirifolia (Greene) Little, Amer. Midland Nat. 33: 496. 1945.

DERIVATION.—pear-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—-fbuckthorn, island coffeeberry, island

redberry.

RANGE.—Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Santa Catalina, and San

Clemente Islands off coast of southern California, and Guadalupe

Island off the west coast of Lower California, Mexico.

RHAMNUS FRáNGULA L. GLOSSY BUCKTHORN

Rhamnus frángula L., Sp. PI. 193. 1753.

DERIVATION.—^An old name (and still the official drug name)

for this species.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—alder buckthorn.

RANGE.^—Naturalized locally from Nova Scotia and New Hampshire to southern Quebec, southern Ontario, Wisconsin, and

Minnesota, south to Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and New Jersey.

Native in Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa.

A shrub or small tree to 20 feet high. Spreading very rapidly and likely to

become obnoxious, according to Fernald ( Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 993. 1950).

Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg, see R. crocea var. ilicifolia (Kellogg)

Greene

Rhamnus insularis Greene, see R. crocea var. pirifolia (Greene)

Little

Rhamnus pirifolia Greene, see R. crocea var. pirifolia (Greene)

Little

^Rhamnus purshiana DC. cascara buckthorn

Rhamnus purshiana DC., Prodr. 2: 25. 1825; as ''purshianus/'

Rhamnus anonaefolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 16. 1896.

Rhamnus purshiana var. anonaefolia (Greene) Jeps., Man.

Fl. PL Calif. 614. 1925.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Frederick Pursh (1774-1820),

botanist of German parentage, who studied the plants of eastern

North America and who first published a description of this

species in his Flora Americae Septentrionalis (1814).

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fcascara, cascara sagrada, bearberry,

coffee-tree.

RANGE.—Southern and western British Columbia, from northwestern Montana to northern and western Idaho and western

Washington, and south to western Oregon and northern California.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 365

Rhamnus ursina Greene, see R. californica Eschsch. var, ursina

(Greene) McMinn

Rhizophora L. (Family Rhizophoraceae) mangrove

iRMzophora L., Sp. PI. 443. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 202.

1754.

Rhizophora mangle var. samoensis Hochr., CandoUea 2: 447.

1925.

Rhizophora samoensis (Hochr.) Salvoza, Philippine Univ.

Nat. and Appl. Sei. Bul. 5: 220, pi. 6. 1936.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, root-bearing, applied to various

tropical plants with thickened roots.

REFERENCE.—Salvoza, Felipe M. Rhizophora. Philippine Univ.

Nat. and Appl. Sei. Bul. 5: 179-255, illus. 1936.

Rhizophora mangle L. finangróve

fRhizophora mangle L., Sp. PI. 443. 1753.

DERIVATION.—The Spanish common name of mangrove.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^American mangrove (SPN), red mangrove.

RANGE.—Coasts of central and southern Florida, including

Florida Keys. Also in Bermuda and West Indies. Atlantic coast

from northern Mexico (Tamaulipas) south through Central

America and South America to Brazil. Pacific coast from Lower

California, Mexico, south through Central America and South

America to northern Peru and Galapagos Islands. Also in

Melanesia and Polynesia.

Rhododendron L. (Family Ericaceae) rhododendron

"^Rhododendron L., Sp. PI. 392. 1753. Gen. PI. Ed. 5,

185. 1754 ; as * Rhododendrum,"

Hymenanthes Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Nederl. Indie 862. 1826.

DERIVATION.—From the Greek, meaning rose tree; there is

some controversy as to whether the name applied to oleander,

Nerium oleander L., or to rhododendron.

REFERENCES.—Copeland, Herbert F. A study, anatomical and

taxonomic, of the genera of Rhododendroideae. Amer. Midland

Nat. 30: 533-625, illus. 1943.

Rhododendron Society. The species of Rhododendron. 861

pp., illus. 1930.

Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. featawba rhododendron

^Rhododendron catawbiense Michx,, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 258.

1803.

Hymenanthes catawbiensis (Michx.) Copeland f.. Amer. Midland Nat. 30: 614. 1943.

DERIVATION.—From Catawba River, N. C.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—mountain-rosebay, purple-laurel.

RANGE.—^Mountains and Piedmont from Virginia, West Virginia, and southeastern Kentucky south to eastern Tennessee,
366 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S.DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

northern Alabama, northern Georgia, western South Carolina,

and central North Carolina.

Rhododendron macrophyllum D. Don Pacific rhododendron

Rhododendron macrophyllum D. Don ex G. Don, Gen. Syst.

Gard. Bot. 3: 843. 1843.

Rhododendron californicum Hook., Curtis' Bot. Mag. 81:

No. 4863, pi. 4863. 1855.

Hymenanthes californica (Hook.) Copeland f., Amer. Midland

Nat. 30: 614. 1943.

Hymenanthes macrophylla (G. Don) Copeland f., Leafl. West.

Bot. 5: 140. 1948.

DERIVATION.—Large-leaved (literally long-leaved).

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—coast rhododendron (SPN), California rhododendron, California rosebay.

RANGE.—^Pacific coast region from southwestern British Columbia and western Washington south to western Oregon and west

central California.

A shrub or rarely becoming a small tree up to 26 feet tall. Mentioned in

a note as a shrub, Rhododendron californicum, in the 1927 Check List.

Rhododendron maximum L. rosebay rhododendron

iRhododendron maximum L,, Sp. PI. 392. 1753.

Hymenanthes maxima (L.) Copeland f., Amer. Midland Nat.

30:614. 1943.

DERIVATION.—Largest; the largest American rhododendron,

though not the largest in the genus.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^great-laurel, tgreat rhododendron,

white rhododendron, rosebay.

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine to Vermont, New York, extreme

southern Ontario, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, south in mountains

to eastern Tennessee, northern Alabama, northern Georgia,

western South Carolina, and western North Carolina. Reported

from Nova Scotia in 1877 but not subsequently collected there,

according to A. E. Roland (Fl. Nova Scotia. Nova Scotian Inst.

Sei. Proc. 21: 486, 625. 1947).

REFERENCE.—Knowlton, Clarence H. Rhododendron maximum

in New England. Rhodora 52: 215-218, 279. 1950.

Rhoeidium Greene, see Rhus L.

Rhus L. (Family Anacardiaceae) sumac

iRhus L., Sp. PI. 265. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 129. 1754.

Schmaltzia Desv., Jour, de Bot. Appl. Agr. Pharm. Med.

Arts 1: 229. 1813; nomen illegitimum.

Styphonia Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 1: 220.

1838. Not Styphonia Med., Staatsw. Vorles. Churpf. Physoekon. Ges. 1: 230. 1791 ; Philos. Bot. 2: 70. 1791.

Schmaltzia Desv. ex Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 727. 1903.

Rhoeidium Greene, Leafl. 1: 143. 1905.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 367

Neostyphonia Shafer in Britten & Shafer, No. Amer. Trees

612, fig. 613. 1908.

Malosma Nutt. ex Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles [Ed. 3] 220.

1917.

Sehmaltzia Desv. emend. Barkley & Reed, Amer. Midland

Nat. 24:647, 672. 1940.

DERIVATION.—The classical Greek and Latin name of Sicilian

sumac, Rhus coriaria L.

REFERENCES.—Barkley, Fred Alexander. A monographic study

of Rhus and its immediate allies in North and Central America,

including the West Indies. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 24: 265-498,

illus. 1937.

Barkley, Fred A. Sehmaltzia. Amer. Midland Nat. 24: 647-

665. 1940.

Rhus L., see also Cotinus Mill, and Toxicodendron Mill.

Rhus arguta Greene, see R. glabra L.

Rhus borealis Greene, see R. glabra L.

Rhus choriophylla Woot. & Standl. Ulearns sumac

Rhus choriophylla Woot. & Standl., U. S. Nati. Mus., Contrib.

U. S. Nati. Herbarium 16: 146. 1913.

Sehmaltzia choriophylla (Woot. & Standl.) Barkley, Amer.

Midland Nat. 24: 653. 1940.

DERIVATION.—Separated leaves, perhaps referring to the compound leaves.

RANGE.—Mountains of Trans-Pecos Texas, southern New

Mexico and southeastern Arizona. Also in northern Mexico

(Sonora and Chihuahua).

Commonly a shrub less than 7 feet high, but found by Leslie N. Goodding

as a small tree rarely 15 feet high and 3 inches in trunk diameter in

Santa Cruz County, Ariz. Accepted as a tree by Little (Southwest. Trees.

U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 78, fig. 1950).

Rhus cismontana Greene, see R. glabra L.

Rhus copallina L. shining sumac

Rhus copallina var. copallina shining sumac (typical)

fRhus copallina L., Sp. PI. 266. 1753; as ''Copallinum"

Rhus copallina a latifolia Engler in A. & C. DC, Monogr.

Phaner. 4: 384. 1883.

Sehmaltzia copallina (L.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 728,

1334. 1903.

Rhus copallina var. nesophylla House, N. Y. State Mus. Bul.

243/244: 55. 1923.

DERIVATION.—From copal, a Mexican Indian name for a white

resin; it was thought that this species furnished the copal of

commerce.

OTHEJR COMMON NAMES.—flameleaf sumac (SPN), fdwarf

sumac, winged sumac, siunac
368 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine to southeastern New York,

Pennsylvania, Michigan, central Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, and

eastern Kansas, south to central Oklahoma, and eastern Texas,

and east to Georgia.

REFERENCES.—Dajrton, William A. Rhodora 54: 79. 1952.

Fernald, M. L., and Griscom, Ludlow, Variations of Rhus

copallina. Rhodora 37: 167-168. 1935.

Moldenke, Harold N. Rev. Sudamer. de Bot. 4: 42. 1937.

Rhus copallina var. leucantha (Jacq.) DC.

Rhus leucantha Jacq., PI. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 50, pi.

342. 1798.

fRhus copallina var. leucantha (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 2: 68.

1825.

Schmaltzia obtusifolia Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 729, 1334.

1903.

Rhus obtusifolia (Small) Small, Fl. Miami 112. 1913.

Rhus copallina var. obtusifolia (Small) Fern. & Griscom,

Rhodora 37: 168. 1935.

DERIVATION,—White-flowered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^white flameleaf sumac (SPN), fdwarf

sumac, southern sumac.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, chiefly, from South Carolina to southern

Florida and west to southern Mississippi. Local in southeastern

Virginia and Long Island, N. Y. Also in western Cuba.

Rhus glabra L. smooth sumac

Rhus glabra L., Sp. PI. 265. 1753.

Rhus glabra var. occidentalis Torr, in Wilkes U. S. Explor.

Exped. 17: 257. 1874.

Rhus glabra var. borealis Britton, Man. Fl. North. States

Canada 601. 1901.

Schmaltzia glabra (L.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 729,

1334. 1903.

Rhus occidentalis (Torr.) Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Col. Sei.

Stud. Bot. 1: 86. 1905.

Rhus argüía Greene, Wash. Acad. Sei. Proc. 8: 192. 1906.

Rhus borealis Greene, Wash. Acad. Sei. Proc. 8: 188. 1906.

Rhus cismontana Greene, Wash. Acad. Sei. Proc. 8: 189.

1906.

Rhus glabra cismontana (Greene) Cockerell ex Daniels, Mo.

Univ. Studies, Sei. Ser., 2(2) (Fl. Boulder, Colo.) : 167.

1911.

DERIVATION.—Glabrous, or hairless.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—scarlet sumac.

RANGE.—^Very widely distributed almost throughout the United

States and apparently in every State. Central Maine and southern

Quebec, west to Minnesota, North Dakota, and southern British

Columbia, south to Washington, northern Oregon, eastern Nevada,

southern California, southern Arizona, eastern Texas, and
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 369

northwestern Florida. Also in northern Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas).

HYBRID,—Rhus Xpulvinata Greene (R. glabra X typhina).

Commonly a large shrub but occasionally becoming a tree 16 to 23 feet

high in the southern part of its range. Mentioned in a note in the 1927 Check

List. Many names have been published for minor variations in different

parts of the broad range.

Rhtcs gymnoclada Greene, see R. Xpulvinata Greene

Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw., see R. typhina Torner

Rhus hybrida Rehd., see R. Xpulvinata Greene

Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. f. lemonade sumac

Styphonia integrifolia Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer.

1:220. 1838.

Styphonia serrata Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 1:

220. 1838.

•fRhu^ integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Rothr. in

Wheeler, Rpt. U.S. Geogr. Surv. 6: 84. 1878.

-^Rhus integrifolia ß serrata (Nutt.) Engler in A. DC. &

C. DC., Monogr. Phaner. 4: 388. 1883.

Neostyphonia integrifolia (Nutt.) Shafer in Britton & Shafer,

No. Amer. Trees 613, fig. 564. 1908.

Schmaltzia integrifolia (Nutt.) Barkley, Amer. Midland Nat.

24: 650. 1940.

DERIVATION.—Entire-leaved; not appropriate, but the variation

with spiny-toothed leaves was originally interpreted as a different

species.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^j-mahogany sumac, lemonade-berry,

"mahogany."

RANGE.—Pacific coast region of southern California, including

Santa Catalina Island and other islands. Also in northern Lower

California, Mexico.

Rhus kearneyi Barkley Kearney sumac

Rhus kearneyi Barkley, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 24: 363, fig.

15, pi. 19, fig. 2. 1937.

Schmaltzia kearneyi (Barkley) Barkley, Amer. Midland Nat.

24: 651. 1940.

DERIVATION.—^Named for Thomas H. Kearney, botanist of the

United States Department of Agriculture and co-author of

Arizona Flora, who collected the type specimen in 1930,

RANGE.—Southwestern Arizona (known only from Tinajas

Altas Mountains, Yuma County).

This species, described after publication of the 1927 Check List, becomes

a small tree up to 15 to 18 feet high, according to Leslie N. Goodding.

Rhus lanceolata (A. Gray) Britton prairie sumac

iRhus eopaUina var. lanceolata A. Gray, Boston Jour. Nat,

Hist. 6: 158. 1850.
S70 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Schmaltzia lanceolata (A. Gray) Small, Fl Southeast. U.

S- 728, 1334. 1903.

Rhus lanceolata (A. Gray) Britton in Britten & Shafer, No.

Amer. Trees 606. 1908.

DERIVATION.—Lanceolate, or lance-shaped, describing the

leaflets.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—prairie flameleaf sumac (SPN),

tdwarf sumac, prairie shining sumac, Texan sumac.

RANGE.—Southern Oklahoma (Arbuckle Mountains), central

to southern and Trans-Pecos Texas, and southern New Mexico.

Also in northeastern Mexico (Coahuila to Tamaulipas and

Puebla).

Rhus laurina Nutt. flaurel sumac

iRhus laurina Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 1: 219.

1838.

Malosma laurina Nutt. ex Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles [Ed.

3,] 220. 1917.

DERIVATION,—^Like Laurus, laurel.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region of southern California, including

Santa Catalina Island south to central Lower California, Mexico.

Rhus leucantha Jacq., see R. copallina var. leucantha (Jacq.) DC.

Rhus metopium L., see note under Metopium toxiferum (L.) Krug

& Urban

Rhus microphylla Engelm. (Rhoeidium microphyllum (Engelm.)

Greene; Schmaltzia microphylla (Engelm.) Small), littleleaf

sumac, a shrub usually less than 7 feet high but sometimes to 10

feet, was reported as a shrub or small tree to 16 feet in height

by Barkley (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 24: 387. 1937). It ranges

from southwestern Oklahoma and northwestern, central, and

southern Texas to central New Mexico and southeastern Arizona,

and in northern Mexico (Lower California and Sonora to Zacatecas and Nuevo León). Further information about any individuals reaching tree size in the United States is desired.

Rhus obtusifolia (Small) Small, see R. copallina var. leucantha

(Jacq.) DC.

Rhus ovata S. Wats. sugar sumac

Rhus ovata S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 20:

358. 1885.

Neostyphonia ovata (S. Wats.) Abrams, N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Bul. 6:403. 1910.

Rhus ovata var. traskiae Barkley, Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 24:

368. 1937.

Schmaltzia ovata (S. Wats.) Barkley, Amer. Midland Nat.

24: 651. 1940.

Schmultzia ovata var, traskiae (Barkley) Barkley, Amer.

Midland Nat. 24: 652. 1940.

DERIVATION.—Ovate, referring to the broad leaves.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES S71

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^mountain-laurel, sugarbush, chaparral sumac.

RANGE.—Mountains of central Arizona and southern California,

and Santa Catalina Island and other islands. Also in northern

Lower California, Mexico.

A shrub or small tree to 15 feet in height and 5 inches in trunk diameter in

Arizona, according to Little (Southwest. Trees. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.

Handb. 9: 78, fig. 1950).

According to Barkley (Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 24: 366. 1937), further

study may show Rhus ovata var. traskiae Barkley, from Santa Catalina

Island, Calif., to be a hybrid between R. integrifolia and R, ovata.

Rhus Xpulvinata Greene

Rhus glabra X typhina

IRhus americana Dipp., Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 367. 1892;

nomen provisorium. Not R. americantis (Nutt.) Sudw.,

Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 19: 80. 1892.

Rhus gymnoclada Greene, Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni Veg.

5: 45. 1908.

Rhus pulvinata Greene, Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni Veg.

5: 45. 1908.

-fRhus Xhybrida Rehd., Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 22:

256. 1913 [1914] ; as R. glabra X typhina.

DERIVATION.—Cushion-shaped, referring to the soft, cushionlike leaflets.

RANGE.—Massachusetts and New York west to southern Ontario and Michigan and south to Indiana and Virginia.

REFERENCES.—Barkley, Fred A. Studies in the Anacardiaceae.

III. A note concerning the status of Rhus pulvinata Greene

(R. glabra X typhina Koehne). Amer. Midland Nat. 19: 598-

600, illus. 1938.

Little, Elbert L., Jr. Amer. Midland Nat. 33: 498-499. 1945.

Rhus typhina L. fstaghorn sumac

Datisca hirta L., Sp. PI. 1037. 1753; nomen illegitimum,

based upon a monstrosity.

-fRhus typhina L. in L. & Torner, Cent. I. PI. 14. 1756;

Amoen. Acad. 4: 311. 1759 ; as ''typhinum/*

Rhus typhina var. laciniata Wood, Class-book Bot. Ed. 2,

284. 1877.

Rhus hirta (L.) Sudw., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 19: 81. 1892.

Not. R. hirta Harv. ex Engler in A. DC. & C. DC, Monogr.

Phaner. 4: 425. 1883; as synonym.

Schmaltzia hirta (L.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 729, 1334.

1903.

DERIVATION.—Like Typha, or cattail, referring to the hairy

twigs.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^velvet sumac.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia and Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec to Maine,

southern Ontario, northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota,

south to northeastern Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, northern Kentucky,
372 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

West Virginia, and Maryland, and in mountains to Virginia,

North Carolina, northern Georgia, and central Tennessee.

REFERENCE.—Little, Elbert L., Jr. Amer. Midland Nat. 33:

499-500. 1945.

HYBRID.—Rhus Xpulvinata Greene (R. glabra X typhina).

Rhus vernix L., see Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze

RiciNUS L. (Fairiily Euphorbiaceae) CASTOR-BEAN

Ricinus L., Sp. PL 1007. 1753 ; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 437. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name, the same as that of the

Mediterranean sheep tick, from the resemblance of the seed.

RICINUS COMMUNIS L. CASTOR-BEAN

Ricinus communis L., Sp. PL 1007. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Common.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—castor-oil-plant.

RANGE.—Naturalized in subtropical parts of southern United

States in Florida, southern Texas, Arizona, and southern California. Also escaped from cultivation northward. Native of

Africa but widely planted and naturalized in tropical regions

including West Indies and continental tropical America.

Though an annual herb in temperate regions, this species becomes a shrub

or small tree in tropical regions and was recognized as a small tree or shrub

in Florida by SmaU (Fla. Trees 59. 1913; Man. Southeast. Fl. 792. 1933).

In Arizona it was accepted as a tree by Benson and Darrow (Man. Southwest. Desert Trees Shrubs 226-227. 1945) and by Little (Southwest. Trees.

U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 9: 76-77, fig. 1950). Established in southern

California, becoming a small tree, according to Abrams (Illus. Fl. Pacif.

States 3: 30. 1951).

Robinia L. (Family Leguminosae) locust

iRobinia L., Sp. PI. 722. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 322. 1754.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Jean Robin (1550-1629) and his

son Vespasian Robin (1579-1662), herbalists to kings of France

and who first cultivated locust in Europe.

REFERENCE.—Rydberg, Per Axel. Robinia. No. Amer. Fl. 24 :

221-228. 1924.

Robinia hartwigii Koehne, see R. viscosa var. hartwigii (Koehne)

Ashe

Robinia kelseyi Hutchins. Eelsey lociist

Robinia kelseyi Cowell in Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1538.

1902; nom. subnud.

Robinia kelseyi Hort, ex Hutchins., Bot. Mag. 134: pi. 8213.

1908.

DERIVATION,—^Named for its discoverer, Harlan P. Kelsey,

American horticulturist and nurseryman, who introduced it into

cultivation in 1901.

RANGE.—^Mountains of western North Carolina and eastern . Tennessee.

REFERENCE.—^Dayton, William A. Kelsey locust. Robinia
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 373

Icelseyi Hort ex Hutchins. Amer. Midland Nat. 30: 504-509,

illus. 1943.

This typically shrubby locust is sometimes a small tree to 15 feet in height,

according to Dayton.

Robinia luxurians (Dieck) Schneid., see R. neomexicana A. Gray

Robinia neomexicana A. Gray fNew-Mexican locust

"^Robinia neomexicana A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei.

Mem., New Ser., 5: 314. 1855; as ''Neo-Mexicana"

-fRobinia neo-mexicana var. luxurians Dieck ex Goeze, Gard.

Chron., Ser. 3, 12: 669. 1892.

IRobinia rusbyi Woot. & Standl., U. S. Nati. Mus., Contrib.

U. S. Nati. Herbarium 16: 140. 1913.

Robinia luxurians Schneid, in Silva & Schneid., Uns.

FreiL-Laubh. Ed. 2, 357, fig. 417. 1922.

Robinia subvelutina Rydb., No. Amer. Fl. 24: 227. 1924.

Robinia neomexicana var. subvelutina (Rydb.) Kearney &

Peebles, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 29: 484. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Of New Mexico, where it was first collected.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fsouthwestern locust, hojalito.

RANGE.—Mountains from Trans-Pecos Texas to New Mexico

and southern Colorado, west to southern Utah, southeastern

Nevada, and Arizona. Also in northern Mexico (Sonora).

Robinia pseudoacaeia L. fblack locust

fRobinia pseudoacacia L., Sp. PI. 722. 1753; as "Pseudo

Acacia."

DERIVATION.—Old generic name, meaning false Acacia.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^yellow locust, locust.

RANGE.—Native in Appalachian Mountains from Pennsylvania

to northern Georgia and Alabama and in Ozark Mountains of

southern Missouri, Arkansas, and eastern Oklahoma. Perhaps

native also in southern Illinois and southern Indiana. Extensively

naturalized in eastern half United States from Maine west and

south and in southern Canada. Escaped in Oregon and perhaps

other western States.

The original native range of this species is not accurately known because

it has become thoroughly naturalized.

Many horticultural forms have been distinguished. A clon of this species,

Robinia pseudoacaeia var. rectissima Raber (U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 379: 7,

pis. 1-4, 6. 1936), shipmast locust, has become established from cultivation in Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey. It is of unknown origin

and propagates by vegetative means.

Robinia rusbyi Woot. & Standl., see R. neomexicana A. Gray

Robinia subvelutina Rydb., see R. neomexicana A. Gray

Robinia viscosa Vent. fclammy locust

Robinia viscosa var. viscosa clammy locust (typical)

fRobinia viscosa Vent., Descr. PL Jard. Gels, No. 4, pi. 4.

1800.
374 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—Sticky, referring to the glandular hairs of twigs,

petioles, and pods.

RANGE.—Pennsylvania and West Virginia south in mountains

to North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and eastern

Tennessee. Also escaped from cultivation and naturalized northward to Nova Scotia, Maine, Quebec, and elsewhere in East.

Robinia viscosa var. hartwigii (Koehne) Ashe Hartwig locust

Robinia hartwigii Koehne, Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 22:

1. 1913.

Robinia viscosa var. hartwigii (Koehne) Ashe, Elisha

Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 37: 175. 1922; as ''hardwegii."

DERIVATION.—Named for K. G. Hartwig, who discovered it in

1908 among cultivated plants in Germany.

RANGE.—Mountains and Piedmont from North Carolina to

Georgia and Alabama.

This variety, formerly known as a shrub up to 10 to 13 feet high, becomes

a tree with a diameter of 4 inches, according to Joseph L. Stearns.

Roystonea 0. F. Cook (Family Palmae) royalpalm

-fRoystonea 0. F. Cook, Science, New Ser. 12: 479. 1900.

DERIVATION.—In honor of General Roy Stone, United States

Army engineer who rendered outstanding service to Puerto Rico

at the time of the Spanish-American War.

REFERENCES.—Bailey, L. H. The royal palms—preliminary

survey. Gentes Herbarum 3: 341-387, illus. 1935.

Bailey, L. H., and Moore, H, E., Jr. Royal palms: Roystonea—

new enumeration. Gentes Herbarum 8: 114-134, illus. 1949.

This genus was segregated from the older genus Oreodoxa Willd.

Roystonea elata (Bartr.) F. Harper Florida royalpalm

Palma elata Bartr., Travels No. So. Car. Ga. Fla. iv (Contents). 1791; descr. on pp. 115-116; as ''Elate''; ''elata''

on pp. 90, 94, 141.

Roystonea floridana 0. F. Cook, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 28 :

554. 1901.

Roystonea elata (Bartr.) F. Harper, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc,

59: 29. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Elevated, or tall.

RANGE.—Southern Florida (Dade, Monroe, and Collier Counties

but not on Florida Keys). Formerly north to central Florida

but extinct northward.

At one time referred to ^Roystonea regia (H. B. K.) 0. F. Cook

(Oreodoxa regia H. B. K.) Cuban royalpalm, of Cuba.

Rufacer Small, see Acer L.

Sabal Adans. (Family Palmae) palmetto

^Sabal Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 495. 1763.

Inodes O. F. Cook, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 28: 529. 1901.

DERIVATION.—Name unexplained by its author, possibly an

American Indian name.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 5?5

REFERENCES.—^Bailey, L. H. American palmettoes. Gentes

Herbarum 3: 273-339, illus. 1934.

Bailey, L. H. Revision of the palmettoes. Gentes Herbarum

6: 367-459, illus. 1944.

Sabal louisiana (Darby) Bombard Louisiana palmetto

Chamaerops louisiana Darby, Geog. Descr. La. 194, 205, 206,

216. 1816; nomen subnudum.

Sabal deeringiana Small, Torreya 26: 34. 1926.

Sabal louisiana (Darby) Bombard, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour.

25: 44. 1935.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from extreme northwestern Florida and

southern Alabama to Louisiana, southeastern Arkansas, and

southeastern Texas.

REFERENCES.—Bombard, Miriam L. Sabal louisiana, the correct name for the polymorphic palmetto of Louisiana. Wash.

Acad. Sei. Jour. 25: 25-44. 1935.

Bombard, Miriam L. Distribution and character of Sabal

louisiana. Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 33: 170-182, illus. 1943.

This species, which was overlooked by botanists for many years, occasionally becomes arborescent with a trunk 6 to 10 feet high and 1 foot in

diameter. The tallest recorded, from Brazoria County, Texas, is 23 feet tall

with a trunk 18 feet in height.

L. H. Bailey (Revision of the palmettoes. Gentes Herbarum 6: 367-459,

illus. 1944) regarded this tree palmetto as a phase of the common trunkless

species, Sabal minor (Jacq.) Pers., dwarf palmetto. The latter has a broader

range in the Coastal Plain from northeastern North Carolina to southern

Florida and eastern Texas, north to extreme southeastern Oklahoma and

southern Arkansas.

*Sabal palmetto (Walt.) Lodd. fcabbage palmetto

Corypha palmetto Walt., Fl. Car. 119. 1788.

-fSabal palmetto (Walt.) Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult., Syst.

Veget. 7: 1487. 1830.

Inodes palmetto (Walt.) 0. F. Cook, Torrey Bot. Club Bul.

28: 532. 1901.

Sabal jamesiana Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 28: 182, flg.

1. 1927.

DERIVATION.—^The common name from Spanish, palmito, a

small palm.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Carolina palmetto, common palmetto,

palmetto, cabbage-palm.

RANGE.—Near coast from southeastern North Carolina (Cape

Fear) to southeastern Georgia, south through Florida, including

Florida Keys, and west to northwestern Florida (St. Andrews

Bay in Bay County).

Sabal texana (0. F. Cook) Becc. fTexas palmetto

Inodes texana 0. F. Cook, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 28: 534.

1901.

iSabal texana (O. F. Cook) Becc, Webbia 2: 20, 78. 1907.

Inodes exul O. F. Cook, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI. Ind. Cir.

113: 14. 1913.
376 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 Ü. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Sabal exul (O. F, Cook) Bailey, Rhodora 18: 155. 1916.

DERIVATION.—Of Texas.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Rio Grande palmetto, Victoria palmetto, palmetto, palma de micharo.

RANGE.—Lower Rio Grande Valley in extreme southern Texas

(Hidalgo and Cameron Counties) and northeastern Mexico

(Tamaulipas).

Originally not distinguished from Sabal mexicana Mart., of Mexico and

Guatemala.

Sabina Mill., see Juniperus L.

Sabina utakensis (Engelm.) Rydb., see Juniperus osteosperma

(Torr.) Little

Saccharodendron (Raf.) Nieuwl., see Acer L.

Salix L. (Family Salicaceae) willow

Salix L., Sp. PI. 1015. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 447. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—sauce, sauz.

Salix is one of the largest genera of native woody plants in number of

species and also one of the most difficult for identification. More than 100

species are distinguished in North America, but most of these are shrubs and

some are low, almost prostrate shrubs of arctic regions or alpine mountain

summits.

All together, 38 native species and 4 naturalized species of Salix are

accepted here as trees. It has not seemed practicable to distinguish varieties

in this genus, but the varietal names in use are cited in synonymy under their

respective species. Most of the numerous named varieties are based on minor

differences, such as degree of hairiness of foliage arid twigs and the shape

of leaves.

Carleton R. Ball, of the United States Department of Agriculture and

specialist on the genus Salix, has examined the manuscript of Salix and

has made many helpful suggestions. He has also contributed the ranges,

based upon his detailed notes from his large herbarium of this genus. These

ranges are believed to be the most accurate records available.

In Salix it is difficult to draw the line between a tree and a shrub. Some

of the willows with several trunks from the same root system reach a large

size and are regarded as trees. The species recorded as trees and having

the minimum dimensions for trees have been included. Ball suggests that this

list contains too many species and varieties in the "small-tree" classification, especially in the sandbar willow group. Rare individuals of additional,

shrubby species may become treelike or trees also.

A few additional introduced species of Salix ave reported in manuals

as shrubs or small trees occasionally escaping from cultivation. Ball states

that it is doubtful whether Salix purpurea L., purple-osier willow, which is

cultivated for basket-work and escapes, ever attains tree size. The European

tree species Salix pentandra L., laurel willow, has escaped from cultivation

only very sparingly, according to Ball, and has not been added here.

Various supposed hybrids among the native and introduced species of

Salix have been reported, some known from just a few herbarium specimens,

while only a few have been given binomial names. A detailed list of more

than fifty hybrids among the North American willows, mostly shrubby, was

prepared by Schneider (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 78-84. 1922).

Hybrids of Salix are found sparingly throughout North America, according to Ball. They occur most commonly in temperate areas, where the flowering season is long and where varying winds carry the abundant pollen

widely. In Europe the recognition and naming of alleged hybrids in Salix

has been given much attention. Ball suggests that hybrids be designated
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES S77

merely by the names of the two parent species connected by the times sign

(X), rather than as binomials, and with the parent most closely resembled

cited first. Often the identity of one of the two parents is uncertain, and if a

hybrid should possibly cross with á third species, the latter would scarcely

be recognizable. A single named hybrid of two native tree species is included

here, but hybrids without binomial names are omitted in this check list.

REFERENCES.—Ball, Carleton R. Salix, pp. 128-139. In

Coulter, John M., and Nelson, Aven. New manual of botany of

the central Rocky Mountains (vascular plants). 646 pp. 1909.

Ball, Carleton R. Salix, pp. 487-507, illus. In Abrams, Leroy.

Illustrated flora of the Pacific States, v. 1, illus. 1923.

Ball, Carleton R. The willows of the southern States. Castanea 3: 1-9. 1938.

Ball, Carleton R. Canadian willows of sections Pentandrae,

Nigrae and Albae. Canad. Field Nat. 40: 145-152. 1926.

Ball, Carleton R. Canadian willows of sections Longifoliae.

Canad. Field Nat. 40: 171-175. 1926.

Ball, Carleton R. Salix, pp. 216-235. In Davis, Ray J. Flora

of Idaho. 828 pp. 1952.

Ball, Carleton R. Salix, 2: 6-23, illus. In Gleason, Henry A.

New Britton & Brown Illus. Fl. Northeast. U. S. Can. 3v., illus.

1952.

Davis, H. A., and Ball, Carleton R. The willows of West Virginia. Castanea 12: 94-100. 1947.

Fernald, M. L. Difficulties in North American Salix. Rhodora

48: 13-16, 27-40, 41-49, illus. 1946.

Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. Gray's manual of botany. Ed. 8,

1632 pp., illus. 1950. Salix, pp. 488-523, illus.

Massey, A. B., and Ball, Carleton R. The willows of Virginia.

Va. Polytech. Inst. Bui. 37(9), 31 pp., illus. 1944.

Raup, Hugh M. The willows of the Hudson Bay region and

the Labrador Peninsula. Sargentia 4: 81-127, illus. 1943.

Schneider, Camillo. Notes on American willows. IV-XII.

IV. Bot. Gaz. 67: 309-346. 1919. V. Arnold Arboretum Jour.

1: 1-32. 1919. VI. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1: 67-97. 1919.

VII. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1: 147-171. 1920. VIII. Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 211-232. 1920. IX. Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 2: 1-25. 1920. X. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 65-90.

1920. XI. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 185-204. 1922. XII.

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 61-125. 1922.

Smith, Ernest C. The willows of Colorado. Amer. Midland

Nat. 27: 217-252, illus. 1942.

Sudworth, George B. Poplars, principal tree willows, and

walnuts of the Rocky Mountain region. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech.

Bui. 420, 111 pp., illus. 1934.

Salix acutidens Rydb., see S. eriocephala Michx.

Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Cov. ffeltleaf willow

Salix speciosa ß alaxensis Anderss. in A. DC, Prodr. 16(2) :

275. 1868.

fSalix alaxensis (Anderss.) Cov., Wash. Acad. Sei. Proc.

2: 280. 1900.
57â AGRICULtUtŒ HANDBOOK 41 Ü. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Salix longistylis Rydb. in Britton & Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard.

Bul. 2: 163. 1901. Not Salix longistyla Gand., FI. Eur.

21:243. 1890.

Salix alaxensis var. longistylis (Rydb.) Schneid., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 1: 225. 1920.

Salix alaxensis var. obovalifolia Bail, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour.

28:443. 1938.

DERIVATION.—Of Alaska, from an old Russian spelling, Alaxa.

RANGE.—Northwest Territories from northwestern side of

Hudson Bay west to Yukon and almost throughout Alaska, south

to central British Columbia and Alberta. Also in eastern Asia.

Not in United States.

SALIX ALBA L. WHITE WILLOW

-fSalix alba L., Sp. PL 1021. 1753.

DERIVATION.—White, referring to the white-silky leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fEuropean white willow.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized in southeastern Canada from Nova Scotia to Ontario and south in eastern

United States to Iowa, Missouri, Tennessee, and North Carolina.

Also in Colorado. Native from Europe and northern Africa to

central Asia.

HYBRID.—See under S. FRAGILIS L.

Salix amphibia Small, see S. caroliniana Michx.

Salix amplifolia Cov. Yakutat willaw

fSalix amplifolia Cov., Wash. Acad. Sei. Proc. 2: 282, pi.

15. 1900.

DERIVATION.—^Ample-leaved, or full-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fbigleaf willow.

RANGE.—Local in Yakutat Bay area at northern end of southeastern Alaska coast. Reported also west to Prince William

Sound in southern Alaska. Not in United States.

*Salix amygdaloides Anderss. fpeachleaf willow

IfSalix amygdaloides Anderss., Svenska Vetensk. Akad.

öfversigt af . . . Förhandl. 15: 114. 1858. Amer. Acad.

Arts and Sei. Proc. 4: 53 (Salic. Bor.-Amer. 8). 1858.

Salix wrightii Anderss., Svenska Vetensk. Akad. öfversigt af

. . . Förhandl. 15: 115. 1858. Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sei. Proc. 4: 55 (Salic. Bor.-Amer. 9). 1858.

-fSalix amygdaloides var. wrightii (Anderss.) Schneid., Bot.

Gaz. 65: 14. 1918.

DERIVATION.—^Resembling Salix amygdalina L., of Europe and

Asia ; from Amygdalus, peach, referring to the shape of the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—almond willow, almondleaf willow,

peach willow, southwestern peach willow, Wright willow, Wright

peachleaf willow.

RANGE.—Southern Quebec and New York west to southern
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 379

Ontario, Michigan, Minnesota, southern Manitoba, southern

Saskatchewan, southern Alberta, and southeastern British Columbia, south to eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, Idaho, Nevada,

and Arizona, and east to New Mexico, Trans-Pecos and northwestern Texas, Kansas, Missouri, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania.

Local in Massachusetts and Vermont.

HYBRID.—Salix Xglatfelteri Schneid. (S. amygdaloides X

nigra).

Salix arbusculoides Anderss. littletree willow

Salix arbusculoides Anderss., Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl.

6(1): 147, pi. 8, fig. 81. 1867.

DERIVATION.—Like a little tree.

RANGE.—Northwest Territories from west side of Hudson

Bay to Yukon and interior Alaska to northwestern Alaska, south

to British Columbia and Saskatchewan. Also recorded from Quebec. Not in United States.

This species is an erect shrub 5 to 10 feet high or sometimes a small tree

as much as 20 to 25 feet tall and 4 inches in diameter. It was recorded as

a tree in Alaska by Hultén (Fl. Alaska Yukon. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. P.

39(1) : 549-550. 1943) and by Taylor and Little (Pocket Guide to Alaska

Trees. U. S. Dept.'Agr., Agr. Handb. 5: 38-39, fig. 19. 1950).

Salix astatulana Murrill & Palmer, see S. floridana Chapm.

SALIX BABYLONICA L. WEEPING WILLOW

fSalix babylonica L., Sp. PI. 1017. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Of Babylon, erroneously thought to have been

the willow at Babylon where the exiled Jews sat down and wept

(Psalms 137: 1-2), now known to be the willowlike Euphrates

poplar, Populus euphratica Oliv.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fBabylon weeping willow (SPN),

Napoleon willow.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized locally in

southeastern Canada and eastern United States. Native of China.

Salix bakeri Seemen, see S. lasiolepis Benth.

Salix balsamifera Barratt, see S. pyrifolia Anderss.

Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb willow

Salix rostrata Richards, in Franklin, Narr. Jour. Polar Sea

753. 1823. Not Salix rostrata Thuillier, Fl. Paris, Ed.

2, 516. 1799.

fSalix bebbiana Sarg., Gard, and Forest 8: 463. 1895.

Salix perrostrata Rydb. in Britton & Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard.

BuL 2: 163. 1901.

Salix rostrata Richards, var. luxurians Fern., Rhodora 9:

223. 1907.

Salix rostrata var. capreifolia Fern., Rhodora 16: 177. 1914.

Salix rostrata var. projecta Fern., Rhodora 16: 178. 1914.

Salix bebbiana var. perrostrata (Rydb.) Schneid., Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 2: 71. 1920.
380 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT, OF AGRICULTURE

Salix bebbiana var. projecta (Fern.) Schneid., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 75. 1922.

Salix bebbiana var. capreifolia (Fern.) Fern., Rhodora 26:

123. 1924.

Salix bebbiana var. luxurians (Fern.) Fern., Rhodora 26:

122. 1924.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Michael Schuck Bebb (1833-95),

American specialist on willows.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^beaked willow, long-beaked willow.

RANGE.—Widespread from Newfoundland and Labrador west

to Hudson Bay and across Canada to Yukon and interior Alaska,

south to northern end of southeastern Alaska, British Columbia,

south in mountains of western United States from Washington to

central California, Arizona, New Mexico, western Nebraska, and

Montana, and south in northeastern United States from North

Dakota and South Dakota to Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania,

Maryland, New Jersey, and New England.

Salix bigelovii Torr., see S. lasiolepis Benth.

Salix bolanderiana Rowlee, see S. melanopsis Nutt.

Salix bonplandiana H. B. K. Bonpland willow

Salix bonplandiana H. B. K, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 20, pis. 101,

102. 1817.

Salix toumeyi Britton in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer. Trees

187, fig. 145. 1908. -

"fSalix bonplandiana var. toumeyi (Britton) Schneid., Bot.

Gaz. 65: 20. 1918.

DERIVATION.—In honor of its discoverer, Aimée Bonpland

(1773-1858), French botanist who with Alexander von Humboldt

made important collections of plants in Mexico and other Spanish

colonies in the New World.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Toumey willow.

RANGE.—Extreme southeastern New Mexico to southeastern

and central Arizona. Also from northern Mexico (southern

Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila south to

Oaxaca) south to Guatemala.

Salix caroliniana Michx. Coastal Plain willow

Salix caroliniana Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 226. 1803.

Salix occidentalis Bosc ex Koch, Salic. Eur. Comm. 16. 1828.

Not Salix occidentalis Walt., Fl. Carol. 243. 1788.

-fSalix longipes Shuttlew. ex Anderss., Svenska Vetensk.

Akad. öfversigt af . . . Förhandl. 15: 114. 1858. Amer.

Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 4: 53 (Salic. Bor.-Amer. 7).

1858.

Salix nigra [subsp.?] S. longipes [var.?] venulosa Anderss.,

Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6(1) : 22. 1867.

Salix nigra y longipes 1° venulosa Anderss. in DC, Prodr.

16(2): 201. 1868.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 381

Salix nigra var. wardi Bebb in Ward, U. S. Nati. Mus. Bul.

22: 114. 1881.

Salix occidentalis var. longipes (Anderss.) Bebb, Garden and

Forest 8: 363. 1895.

Salix wardi (Bebb) Bebb, Gard, and Forest 8: 363. 1895.

ISalix marginata Wimm. ex Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 341.

1903; as "Weimer." Not Salix marginata Wimm. ex

Anderss., Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6: 21. 1867;

as synonym.

Salix amphibia Small, Fl. Miami 61, 200. 1913.

•^Salix longipes var. venulosa (Anderss.) Schneid., Bot. Gaz.

65: 14. 1918.

^Salix longipes var. wardii (Bebb) Schneid., Bot. Gaz. 65:

22. 1918.

•flSalix harbisonii Schneid., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1: 29.

1919; as ''harbisoni/'

DERIVATION.—Of Carolina.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^Ward willow.

RANGE.—Maryland and southwestern Pennsylvania to West

Virginia, southern Indiana, southern Illinois, Missouri, and

eastern Kansas, south to eastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas,

and east to southern Florida. Also in Cuba.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 48: 28-31. 1946.

•fSalix harbisonii Schneid. (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1: 29. 1919; as

"harbisoni*') was rejected as a doubtful species by Massey and Ball (Va.

Polytech. Inst. Bui. 37(9): 30. 1944). They noted that most specimens so

named could be referred to S. longipes or S, nigra, Schneider himself was

doubtful of the status of this willow and thought it might be S. longipes

var. venulosa or possibly a hybrid between that species and S, nigra. Coker

and Totten (Trees Southeast. States, Ed. 3, 67-69, fig. 1945) retained S.

harbisonii Schneid, as a species of the Coastal Plain from southeastern

Virginia to northern and northwestern Florida. However, an older name

apparently available is S, marginata Wimm. ("Weimer" ex Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 341. 1903. Not S. marginata Wimm. ex Anderss., Svenska

Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6: 21. 1867; as synonym).

Salix caudata (Nutt.) Heller whiplash willow

Salix pentandra ß caudata Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 61,

pi. 18. 1843.

fSalix lasiandra var. caudata (Nutt.) Sudw., Torrey Bot.

Club Bui. 20: 43. 1893.

Salix caudata (Nutt.) Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 186. 1906.

Salix caudata var. bryantianu Ball & Bracelin in Ball, Wash.

Acad. Sei. Jour. 28: 445. 1938.

DERIVATION.—Caudate, or tailed, referring to the very longpointed leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—caudate willow, fwestern black willow.

RANGE.—Southern Alberta, southern British Columbia, and

Washington south to southern California, east to northern New

Mexico, and north to Idaho.

Salix chapmanii Small, see S. floridana Chapm.
382 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Salix columbiae A. Neis. & Macbr., see S. pyrifolia Anderss.

Salix cordata Mühl., see S. eriocephala Michx.

Salix coulteri Anderss. Coulter willow

Salix coulteri Anderss., Svenska Vetensk. Akad. öfversigt af

. . . Förhandl. 15: 119. 1858. Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sei. Proc. 4: 58 (Salic. Bor.-Amer.). 1858.

Salix sitchensis f. parvifolia Jeps., Silva Calif. 182. 1910.

Salix sitchensis f. ralphiana Jeps., Silva Calif. 182. 1910.

Salix sitchensis var. coulteri Jeps., Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 265.

1923.

ÎSalix sitchensis var. parvifolia (Jeps.) Jeps., Man. Fl. PL

Calif. 265. 1923.

Salix sitchensis var. ralphiana (Jeps.) Jeps., Man. Fl. PL

Calif. 265. 1923.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Thomas Coulter (1793-

1843), Irish botanist and physician who collected plants in

Mexico and California.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^velvet willow.

RANGE.—Northwestern Montana and northern Idaho to southern British Columbia and south to Washington and west central

California.

In the 1927 Check List this species was mentioned in a note as a form

of Salix sitchensis Sansón. A shrub to 20 feet high and 6 inches in diameter,

rarely somewhat larger.

Salix discolor Mühl. tpussy willow

iSalix discolor Mühl. in Mühl, & Willd., Gesell. Naturf.

Freunde Berlin Neue Sehr. 4: 234, pi. 6, fig. 1. 1803

(after May).

Salix prinoides Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 613. 1814.

Salix discolor [subsp.?] S. prinoides (Pursh) Anderss.,

Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6(1) : 86. 1867.

Salix discolor [var.?] latifolia Anderss., Svenska Vetensk.

Akad. Handl. 6(1) : 84. 1867.

iSalix discolor ß ? prinoides (Pursh) Anderss. in DC, Prodr.

16(2): 225. 1868.

Salix discolor var. overi Ball, Rhodora 26: 137, 1924.

DERIVATION.—Of different colors, referring to the leaves, which

are bright green above and whitish beneath.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—glaucous willow, silvery pussy willow.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Labrador west to central Alberta

and central British Columbia, south to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming,

Black Hills of South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, northeastern Missouri, Indiana, Maryland, and Delaware, and south in mountains

to eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina.

This shrub or small tree attains its maximum size of 30 feet in height

and 3 to 6 inches in diameter in central Alberta.

The varietal name Salix discolor var. latifolia Anderss. has been adopted

by Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 515. 1950) and by Ball for the hairy

variation formerly known as fSalix discolor var. eriocephala (Michx.)
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 383

Anderss. The latter name was based upon S. eriocephala Michx,, which is

accepted here as a different species.

Salix eriocephala Michx. fMissouri River willow

Salix eriocephala Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 225. 1803

(March).

Salix cordata Mühl. in Mühl. & Willd., Gesell. Naturf.

Freunde Berlin Neue Sehr. 4: 236, pi. 6, fig. 3. 1803

(after May). Not Salix cordata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer.

2: 225. 1803 (March).

Salix rigida Mühl. in Mühl. & Willd., Gesell. Naturf. Freunde

Berlin Neue Sehr. 4: 236, pi. 6, fig. 4. 1803 (after May).

Salix cordata [subsp.?] 1 S. rigida (Mühl.) Anderss., Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6(1) : 158. 1867.

Salix cordata [subsp.?] 1. S. rigida [var.?] d vestita

Anderss., Svenska Akad; Handl. 6: 159. 1867.

Salix discolor [subsp.?] S. eriocephala (Michx.) Anderss.,

Svenska Akad. Handl. 6(1) : 85. 1867.

Salix cordata a rigida (Mühl.) Anderss. in DC., Prodr.

' 16(2): 252. 1868.

Salix cordata a rigida 7° vestita Anderss. .in DC, Prodr.

16(2) : 252. 1868.

Salix discolor ß ? eriocephala (Michx.) Anderss. in DC.,

Prodr. 16(2): 225. 1868.

fSalix missouriensis Bebb, Gard, and Forest 8: 373. 1895.

Salix acutidens Rydb. in Britton, Man. Fl. North. States

Canada 315. 1901.

DERIVATION.—^Woolly-headed, the catkins resembling those of

pussywillow.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cordate willow, diamond willow,

heartleaf willow, Missouri willow.

RANGE.—Southern Newfoundland to Nova Scotia, Maine, Quebec, Ontario, Minnesota, North Dakota, eastern Saskatchewan,

and northeastern Montana, south to northwestern Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Kentucky, western Tennessee, and Virginia. Also

local in Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and North Carolina.

REFERENCES.—Ball, Carleton R. More plant study : fewer plant

names. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 27: 371-385. 1946.

Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 48: 13-16, 27-28, pis. 995, 996. 1946.

Salix eriocephala Michx. includes variations formerly known as two distinct species, S. cordata Mühl. and S, missouriensis Bebb. Fernald (Gray's

Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 511-512. 1950), after determining in the reference cited

the dates of names published in 1803, maintained two species under the

names S, rigida Muhl. and S. eriocephala Michx. However, when the two

are united as varieties of one species, S, eriocephala Michx. has priority.

Salix exigua Nutt. coyote willow

iSalix exigua Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 75. 1843.

Salix fluviatilis var. exigua (Nutt.) Sarg., Silva No. Amer.

9, 124. 1896.

Salix nevadensis S. Wats., Amer. Nat. 7: 302. 1873.
384 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Salix luteosericea Rydb. in Britten, Man, Fl. North. States

Canada 316. 1901.

Salix stenophylla IRydh., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 28: 271.

1901.

Salix exigua var. stenophylla (Rydb.) Schneid., Bot. Gaz. 65:

25. 1918.

Salix exigua var. luteosericea (Rydb.) Schneid., Bot. Gaz.

67: 334. 1919.

Salix exigua var. nevadensis (S. Wats.) Schneid., Bot. Gaz.

67: 331. 1919.

DERIVATION.—Scanty, hence small-sized.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—acequia willow, basket willow, gray

sandbar willow, narrowleaf willow, fsandbar willow, slender

willow.

RANGE.—Montana, Alberta, British Columbia, and Washington,

south to southern California, east to Trans-Pecos and western

Texas, and north to western Kansas and western South Dakota.

Also in northern Mexico (Lower California to Chihuahua).

Generally a shrub less than 12 feet high with clustered stems, becoming

a tree rarely to 25 feet and only in eastern Washington, according to Sargent (Man. Trees Uo. Amer. Ed. 2, corr. 152. 1926).

Salix falcata Pursh, see S. nigra Marsh.

Salix floridana Chapm. Florida willow

Salix floridana Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. 430. 1860.

Salix chapmanii Small, Man. Southeast. Flora 414, 1504.

1933.

Salix astatulana Murrill & Palmer, Arnold Arboretum Jour.

22: 580, illus. 1941.

DERIVATION.—Of Florida.

RANGE.—Southern Georgia (Pulaski and Early Counties) to

northwestern and central Florida (Jackson, Levy, and Lake

Counties). A rare species apparently on the verge of extinction.

REFERENCE.—Ball, Carleton R. Salix floridana Chapman a

valid species. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 24: 103-106, illus. 1943.

Salix fluviatilis Nutt. river willow

SaMx fluviatilis Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 73. 1843.

DERIVATION.—Of rivers.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—sandbar willow.

RANGE.—^Very restricted, lower Columbia River Valley in

Klickitat County, southern Washington, and Wasco and Multnomah Counties, Oregon, and south in Willamette Valley of northwestern Oregon to Lane County.

Commonly shrubby but also becoming a small tree 20 to 23 feet in height,

according to Carleton R. Ball.

SALIX FRAGILIS L. CRACK WILLOW

Salix fragilis L., Sp. PI. 1017. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Fragile, referring to the brittle, easily broken

twigs.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 385

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^brittle willow (SPN), snap willow.

RANGE.—^Widely planted and escaped and locally naturalized

in southeastern Canada and eastern United States from Maine

to Minnesota and South Dakota south to Kansas and southeastern

States. Native of Eurasia.

Widely hybridized with Salix alba L. in Europe and America. Such hybrids

have been included under varieties of that species, such as Salix alba var.

vitellina (L.) Stokes.

Salix geyeriana Anderss. Geyer willow

Salix geyeriana Anderss., Svenska Vetensk. Akad. öfversigt

af . . . Förhandl. 15: 122. 1858. Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sei. Proc. 4: 63 (Salic. Bor.-Amer. 17). 1858.

Salix macrocarpa Nutt. var. argéntea Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 16:105.

1891.

Salix geyeriana var. argéntea (Bebb) Schneid., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 74. 1920.

Salix geyeriana var. melina J. K. Henry, Fl. South. Brit.

Col. 98. 1915 ; as "meleina."

Salix melina (J. K. Henry) G. N. Jones, Madroño 6: 84.

1941 ; as "meleina."

DERIVATION.—Honoring Karl Andreas Geyer (1809-53), who

made a botanical journey from Missouri to the Pacific in 1843-

44.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—silver willow.

RANGE.—^Western South Dakota and Montana to southwestern

British Columbia, south to California, northern Arizona, Colorado,

and western Nebraska.

Generally a shrub 3 to 15 feet tall, rarely 20 feet, but becoming a small

tree to 25 feet in Montana, according to Wilfred W. White, and added here

as a tree.

Salix Xglatfelteri Schneid. Glatfelter willow

Salix amygdaloides X nigra

Salix nigra X amygdaloides Glatfelter ex Bebb, Gard, and

Forest 8: 363. 1895.

Salix Xglatfelteri Schneid., Arnold Arboretum Jour. 3: 79.

1922.

DERIVATION.—Named for its discoverer, Noah Miller Glatfelter

(1837-1911), physician of St Louis, Mo., who studied willow

hybrids.

REFERENCE.—Glatfelter, N. M. A study of the relations of

Salix nigra and Salix amygdaloides, together with the hybrids

arising from them as these species exhibit themselves in the

vicinity of St. Louis. Acad. Sei. St. Louis Trans. 6: 427-431,

illus. 1894.

Salix gooddingii Ball Goodding willow

Salix nigra var. vallicola Dudley in Abrams, Fl. Los Angeles

100. 1904.

fSalix gooddingii Ball, Bot. Gaz. 40: 376, pi. 12, figs. 1-2.

1905; as ''gooddingii Bot. Gaz. 72: 227-235, figs. 2-4.

1921.
386 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Salix vallicola (Dudley) Britten in Britten & Shafer, No,

Amer. Trees 184, fig. 141. 1908.

Salix gooddingii var. vallicola (Dudley) Ball ex S. S. White,

Lloydia 11: 278. 1948; without basonym.

Salix gooddingii var. vallicola (Dudley) Ball, Wash. Acad.

Sei. Jour. 40: 324. 1950 ; as synonym.

Salix gooddingii var. variabilis Ball, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour.

40: 324. 1950.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Leslie Newton Goodding, botanist

of the United States Department of Agriculture, who collected

the type specimen.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^black willow, fDudley willow, western

black willow.

RANGE.—Utah to southern Nevada and northern and southern

California, east to Arizona, New Mexico, and northwestern Texas

to Trans-Pecos and southern Texas. Also in northern Mexico

Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa).

REFERENCE.—^Ball, Carleton R. Salix gooddingii Ball and its

glabrous-capsuled variety. Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 40: 324-

329. 1950.

Closely related to Salix nigra Marsh, and regarded by some authors as

a variety of that species.

Salix gracilis Anderss., see S. petiolaris J. E. Sm.

Salix harbisonii Schneid., see S. caroliniana Michx.

Salix hindsiana Benth. Hinds willow

Salix hindsiana Benth., PI. Hartw. 335. 1857.

Salix sessilifolia [var.?] * hindsiana (Benth.) Anderss.,

Svenska Vetensk. Akad. öfversigt af . . . Förhandl. 15:

117. 1858. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 4: 56 (Salic.

Bor.-Amer. 11). 1858.

Salix macrostachya var. leucodendroides Rowlee, Torrey Bot.

Club Bui. 27: 250, pi. 9, fig. 6. 1900.

Salix parishiana Eowlee, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 27: 249, pi.

9, fig. 3. 1900.

Salix sessilifolia var. leucodendroides (Rowlee) Schneid., Bot.

Gaz. 65:26. 1918.

Salix exigua var. parishiana (Rowlee) Jeps., Man. Fl. PL

Calif. 264. 1923.

Salix hindsiana [var.] leucodendroides (Rowlee) Schneid, ex

Ball in Abrams, lUus. Fl. Pacif. States 1: 491. 1923;

nom. provisor.

Salix hindsiana var. leucodendroides (Rowlee) Schneid, ex

Munz, Man. South. Calif. Bot. 105. 1935; without

basonym.

Salix hindsiana var. leucodendroides (Rowlee) Ball, Madroño

6: 232. 1942.

Salix hindsiana var. parishiana (Rowlee) Ball, Madroño 6:

236. 1942.
CHEGK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 387

DERIVATION.—In honor of Richard Brinsley Hinds, English

botanist who collected plant specimens along the western coast

of America on a surveying expedition with the ship Sulphur in

1836-42.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—sandbar willow, valley willow.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oregon, California, and northern Lower

California, Mexico. A shrub or small tree to 30 feet in height.

Salix hookeriana Baxratt Hooker wiUow

fSalix hookeriana Barratt ex Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 145,

pi. 180. 1839.

Salix hookeriana var. laurifolia J. K. Henry, Fl. South. Brit.

Col. 99. 1915.

Salix hookeriana var. tomentosa J. K. Henry ex Schneid.,

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 1: 220. 1920.

DERIVATION.—^Honoring William Jackson Hooker (1785-1865),

English botanist, in whose work, Flora Boreali-Americana, the

description was published.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—coast willow.

RANGE.—Pacific coast from extreme southwestern British

Columbia, Vancouver Island, and western Washington south to

northwestern California.

Salix interior Rowlee fsandbar willow

^Salix longifolia Mühl. in Mühl. & Willd., Gesell. Naturf.

Freunde Berlin Neue Sehr. 4: 238, pi. 6, fig. 6. 1803.

Not S. longifolia Lam., Fl. Franc. 2: 232. 1778.

Salix longifolia angustissima Anderss., Svenska Vetensk.

Akad. öfversigt af . . . Förhandl. 15: 116. 1858.

fSalix longifolia var. angustissima Anderss., Amer. Acad.

Arts and Sei. Proc. 4: 56. 1858.

Salix longifolia [subsp.?] * pedicellata Anderss., Svenska

Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6(1) : 55. 1867.

fSalix longifolia ß pedicellata Anderss. in DC, Prodr. 16(2) :

214. 1868. (Spelled ''pedunculata" in the 1927 Check

List.)

Salix interior Rowlee, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 27: 253, pi. 9,

figs. 12-13. 1900.

Salix interior wheeleri Rowlee, Torrey Bot. Club Bui, 27:

253, pi. 9, fig. 14. 1900.

Salix thurberi Rowlee, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 27: 252. 1900.

Salix longifolia var. wheeleri (Rowlee) Schneid., Bot. Gaz.

67: 342. 1919.

Salix interior [var.] pedicellata (Anderss.) Ball, Canad. Field

Nat. 40:175. 1926.

Salix interior angustissima (Anderss.) Dayton in Sudw., U.

S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bui. 420: 78. 1934.

Salix interior var. exterior Fern., Rhodora 48: 38. 1946.

DERIVATION.—Inland, from its extensive range in the interior.

RANGE.—^Eastern Quebec, New Brunswick, and Maine, west

across Canada to Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Yukon, and
388 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

central interior Alaska, south to eastern Montana, Wyoming,

eastern Colorado, Kansas, southeastern New Mexico, and western

and southern Texas, east to Louisiana, western Tennessee, Kentucky, and Maryland. Also in northern Mexico (Chihuahua).

Commonly shrubby with chistered stems 8 to 15 feet high and rarely a

small tree to 20 (or 30) feet in height. Formerly known as Salix longifolia

Mühl., a name which must be rejected as a later homonym, and earlier referred to S. fluviatilis Nutt., river willow, which is a species of Washington

and Oregon.

Salix jepsonii Schneid., see note under S. sitchensis Sansón

Salix laevigata Bebb fred willow

fSalix laevigata Bebb, Amer. Nat. 8: 202. 1874.

Salix laevigata f. araquipa Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 339. 1909.

Salix laevigata var. araquipa (Jeps.) Ball, Bot. Gaz. 72:

234. 1921.

DERIVATION.—Smooth, the foliage typically hairless and shining.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—polished willow (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern Utah to northwestern Nevada and northern

California, south to southern California and Arizona. Also in

Lower California, Mexico.

Salix lancifolia Anderss., see S. lasiandra Benth.

Salix lasiandra Benth. Pacific willow

fSalix lasiandra Benth., PI. Hartw. 335. 1857.

Salix lancifolia Anderss., Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl.

6(1) : 34, pi. 2, fig. 23. 1867. Not Salix lancifolia A. Braun,

Neues Jahrb. Mineral Geogn. Geol. Petref. 1845: 170.

1845 (fossil, Miocene, Switzerland) ; A. Braun ex Unger,

Gen. Sp. Foss. PI. 419. 1850. Not Salix lancifolia Ludw.,

Palaeontographica 5: 157, pi. 35, fig. 9. 1858 (fossil,

Miocene, Hesse). Not SoMx lancifolia Doell, Fl. (Jrossh.

Baden 512. 1859.

Salix lucida [subsp.?] * macrophylla Anderss., Svenska

Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6(1) : 32. 1867.

Salix lucida ß macrophylla Anderss. in DC, Prodr. 16(2) :

205. 1868.

fSalix lasiandra var. lancifolia [Anderss.] Bebb in S. Wats.,

Bot. Calif. 2: 84. 1879.

Salix lasiandra var. lyallii Sarg., Gard, and Forest 8: 463.

1895.

Salix lyallii (Sarg.) Heller, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 25: 580.

1898.

Salix lasiandra var. abramsi Ball, Bot. Gaz. 72: 224. 1921.

Salix lasiandra var. macrophylla (Anderss.) Little, Amer.

Midland Nat. 33: 496. 1945.

DERIVATION.—^With shaggy-hairy stamens, the stamens

pubescent at base.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—black willow, red willow, fwestern

black willow, yellow willow.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 389

RANGE.—Saskatchewan and Alberta to Yukon and interior

Alaska, south in southeastern Alaska and British Columbia and

from Washington to southern California, east to Arizona and

New Mexico, and north to Wyoming and northern Idaho.

Salix lasiandra var. caudata (Nutt.) Sudw., see S. caudata

(Nutt.) Heller

Salix lasiolepis Benth. arroyo willow

iSalix lasiolepis Benth., PI. Hartw. 335. 1857.

Salix bigelovii Torr., Rpt. Expl. Surv. Miss. Pacif. 4(5) : 139.

1857.

Salix lasiolepis var. bigelovii Bebb in S. Wats., Bot. Calif.

2: 86. 1879.

Salix bakeri Seemen, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 30: 635. 1903.

Salix sandbergii Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 39: 304. 1912.

Salix lasiolepis [var.] bakeri (Seemen) Ball, Bot. Gaz. 71:

436. 1921.

Salix lasiolepis var. sandbergii (Rydb.) Ball, Wash. Acad.

Sei. Jour. 28: 448. 1938.

Salix lasiolepis var. bracelinae Ball, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour.

40: 331. 1950.

DERIVATION.—Shaggy-scaled, referring to the white-hairy

scales of the flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fwhite willow.

RANGE.—Idaho to Washington, south to southern California,

Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas. Also in northern

Mexico (Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila).

Salix ligulifolia (Ball) Ball strapleaf willow

Salix lutea var. ligulifolia Ball, Bot. Gaz. 71: 428. 1921.

Salix ligulifolia Ball ex Schneid., Arnold Arboretum Jour.

2: 188. 1922; nomen subnudum.

Salix ligulifolia (Ball) Ball ex E. C. Smith, Amer. Midland

Nat. 27:236. 1942.

DERIVATION.—^With strap-shaped leaves.

RANGE.—^Black Hills of South Dakota and southeastern

Wyoming to southern Utah, western Nevada, and southwestern

Oregon, south to central California, Arizona, and New Mexico.

REFERENCE.—Ball, Carleton R. Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 40:

329-S31. 1950.

Commonly a shrub with clustered stems less than 10 feet high, rarely

to 16 feet, acording to Ball. Closely related to Salix lutea Nutt. and by

some authors placed as a variety of that species.

Salix longifolia Mühl., see S. interior Rowlee

Salix longipes Shuttlew., see S. caroliniana Michx.

Salix longistylis Rydb.^ see S. alaxensis (Anderss.) Cov.
390 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Salix lucida Mühl. shining willow

iSalix lucida Müh!, in Mühl. & Willd,, Gesell Naturf. Freunde

Berlin Neue Sehr. 4: 239, pi. 6, fig. 7. 1803.

Salix (pentandra) lucida [var.?] angustifolia Anderss.,

Svenska Vetensk. Akad. öfversigt af . . . Förhandl. 15:

115. 1858.

Salix {pentandra) lucida var. angustifolia Anderss., Amer.

Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc. 4: 54 (Salic. Bor.-Amer. 8).

1858.

Salix lucida var. angustifolia Anderss., Svenska Vetensk.

Akad. Handl. 6(1): 32. 1867.

-fSalix lucida var. intonsa Fern., Rhodora 6: 2. 1904 (preprinted Dec. 29, 1903).

DERIVATION.—Shining, referring to the leaves and twigs.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fshiny willow.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Labrador west to Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, south to North Dakota, South

Dakota, Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, Maryland, and Delaware. Also local

in Nebraska and Virginia.

Commonly a shrub but rarely reaching tree size, becoming a small tree up

to 20 feet high, according to Ball (Canad. Field-Nat. 40: 149. 1926) and

to 30 feet in height, according to Pernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 505.

1950).

Salix lutea Nutt. yellow willow

Salix lutea Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 63, pi. 19. 1843.

Salix cordata watsoni Bebb in S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 86.

1879.

Salix watsoni (Bebb) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 33: 137.

1906.

Salix lutea var. famélica Ball, Bot. Gaz. 71: 426. 1921.

Salix lutea var. platyphylla Ball, Bot. Gaz. 71: 430. 1921.

Salix lutea var. watsoni (Bebb) Jepson, Man. Fl. PI. Calif.

266. 1923.

DERIVATION.—Yellow; the twigs yellow and the leaves yellow

green.

RANGE.—Saskatchewan to northern Alberta, southwestern

Northwest Territories, and British Columbia, south to Washington

and Oregon east of the Cascades and to southern California, east

to Arizona and New Mexico, and north to eastern Nebraska

and eastern North Dakota. Also in northern Ontario. A shrub or

sometimes a small tree to 20 feet high.

Salix lutea var. ligulifolia Ball, see S. Ugulifolia (Ball) Ball

Salix luteosericea Rydb., see S. exigua Nutt.

Salix lyallii (Sarg.) Heller, see S. lasiandra Benth.

Salix maccalliana Rowlee (Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 34: 158.

1907) is a shrub of Canada 6 to 15 feet high and 1 to 3 inches

in diameter which doubtfully may also become a small tree,

according to Carleton R. Ball. Its range is from southern Mani-
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 391

toba and Saskatchewan to British Columbia and local at Lake

Mistassini, Quebec.

Salix mackenzieana (Hook.) Barratt Mackenzie willow

Salix cordata y mackenzieana Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer, 2: 149.

1839.

Salix mackenzieana Barratt ex Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 149.

1839; as synonym.

iSalix mackenzieana (Hook.) Barratt ex Anderss., Svenska

Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6(1) : 160. 1867; as ''mackenziana,"

Salix Xmackenzieana Barratt ex Anderss. in DC, Prodr,

16(2): 252. 1868; as ^'mackenzianxi" ; as S. cordata X

rostrata?

Salix mackenzieana var. macrogemma Ball in Piper & Beattie,

Fl. Northwest. Coast 116. 1915; as *'mackenziana."

DERIVATION.—In honor of Alexander Mackenzie (1755?-1820),

Scotch fur trader and explorer in Canada ; the type was collected

along the Mackenzie River, which he discovered.

RANGE.—Southwestern Northwest Territories south to British

Columbia, western Washington, and northern California, east to

northern Nevada, northern Utah, and north to western Montana

and northern Alberta. ^^

Salix marginata Wimm., see note under S. caroliniana Michx.

Salix melanopsis Nutt, dusky willow

Salix melanopsis Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 78, pi. 21. 1843.

Salix bolanderiana Rowlee, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 27: 257,

pi. 9, fig. 9. 1900.

Salix longifolia tenerrima Henderson, Torrey Bot. Club Bui.

27:354. 1900.

Salix melanopsis var. bolanderiana (Rowlee) Schneid., Bot.

Gaz. 67: 338. 1919.

Salix exigua var. tenerrima (Henderson) Schneid., Bot. Gaz.

67: 335. 1919.

Salix melanopsis var. tenerrima (Henderson) Ball, Nat.

Acad. Sei. Froc. 21: 182. 1935.

DERIVATION.—With dark or black appearance, the twigs brown

to black.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—dark sandbar willow.

RANGE.—Southern Alberta and southern British Columbia

south to Washington, Oregon, and southern California, east to

Utah, western Wyoming, and western Montana. This species is

a shrub or small tree to 16 feet high.

Salix melinxi (J. K. Henry) G. N. Jones, see S. geyeriana Anderss.

Salix missourien^is Bebb, see S. eriocephala Michx.

Salix nevaden^is S. Wats., see S. exigua Nutt.

Salix nlgra Marsh. fblack willow

'\SaMx nigra Marsh., Arbustr, Amer. 139. 1785.
392 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Salix falcata Pursh, FL Amer. Sept. 2: 614. 1814.

Salix nigra var. falcata (Pursh) Terr., Fl. N.-Y. 2: 209.

1843.

•\Salix nigra var. altissima Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2: 216.

1913.

fSalix nigra var. lindheimerii Schneid., Bot. Gaz. 65: 9.

1918.

DERIVATION.—^Black, perhaps from the dark brown to blackish

bark.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^willow, swamp willow.

RANGE.—New Brunswick and southern Maine to New York,

southern Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, southern Quebec, and

eastern and southern Minnesota, south to Iowa, southeastern

Nebraska, eastern and southern Kansas, Oklahoma, and central

and southern Texas, and east to northern Florida. Also in northern Mexico (Chihuahua to Durango and Tamaulipas).

HYBRID.—/SaKo; Xglatfelteri Schneid. (S. amygdaloides X

nigra).

Salix nuttallii Sarg., see S. scouleriana Barratt

Salix padophylla Rydb. serviceberry willow

Salix padophylla Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 28: 272. 1901.

Salix pseudomonticola Ball in StandL, U. S. Nati. Mus.

Contrib. U. S. Nati. Herbarium 22: 321. 1921.

Salix pseudomonticola var. padophylla (Rydb.) Ball, Wash.

Acad. Sei. Jour. 28:450. 1938.

DERIVATION.—From Padus, a segregate genus of cherry, and

leaf, or cherry-leaf.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^park willow (SPN), false mountain

willow.

RANGE.—Saskatchewan to northern Alberta, Northwest Territories, Yukon, and central interior Alaska, south to Oregon,

Idaho, Colorado, and Black Hills of South Dakota. Commonly

a shrub but becoming a small tree in Saskatchewan and Montana.

Salix parishiana Rowlee, see Salix hindsiana Benth.

Salix pellita Anderss. •

Salix chlorophylla [subsp.?] * S. pellita Anderss., Svenska

Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6(1) : 139, pi. 7, fig. 72. 1867; in

part.

Salix chlorophylla ß pellita Anderss. in A. DC, Prodr. 16(2) :

244. 1868; in part.

Salix pellita Anderss. ex Schneid., Arnold Arboretum Jour.

1: 82. 1919.

DERIVATION.—Of skins.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Labrador to Quebec (northern

Ungava), Ontario, central Manitoba, and southern Saskatchewan,

south to northern Michigan, northern New England, and Nova

Scotia. A large shrub or small tree 10 to 16 feet high.

Salix pentandra L., see note under Salix L. ..
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 393

Salix perrostrata Rydb., see S. bebbiana Sarg.

Salix petiolaris J. E. Sm. meadow willow

Salix petiolaris J. E. Sm., Linn. See. [London] Trans. 6:

122. 1802.

Salix gracilis Anderss., Svenska Vetensk. Akad. öfversigt af

. . . Förhandl. 15: 127. 1858. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei.

Proc. 4: 67 (Salic. Bor.-Amer.). 1858.

Salix gracilis var. textoris Fern,, Rhodora 48: 46. 1946.

DEMVATION.—Petioled.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—slender willow.

RANGE.—New Brunswick, Maine, and southern Quebec west to

Saskatchewan and Alberta, south to Colorado (Long's Peak),

Black Hills of South Dakota, northern Nebraska, northern Iowa,

Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Also local in

Oklahoma and Virginia.

REFERENCES.—Ball, Carleton R. Salix petiolaris J. E. Smith:

American, not British. Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 75: 178-187.

1948.

Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 48: 46-48. 1946.

Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 51: 7. 1949.

Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 516. 1950) adopted the later name

Salix gracilis Anderss. for this species, interpreting S. petiolaris as a

European willow. However, Ball showed that 5. petiolaris is native of

America, though originally described from plants introduced into Scotland.

Should be retained.

Generally a shrub but in the northern part of its range in central Alberta

occasionally a small tree and rarely 15 to 22 feet high, according to Ball

(Castanea 3: 7. 1938; Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 75: 181. 1948).

Salix prinoides Pursh, see S. discolor Mühl.

Salix pseudomonticola Ball, see S. padophylla Rydb.

Salix purpurea L., see note under Salix L.

Salix pyrifolia Anderss. fbalsam willow

Salix cordata ß balsamifera Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 149.

1839.

Salix balsamifera Barratt ex Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 149.

1839; as synonym.

iSalix pyrifolia Anderss., Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl.

6(1): 162, pi. 8, fig. 93. 1867. Not Salix pyrifolia

Schleicher, Cat. PL Helvet. Ed. 3, 26. 1815 ; nomen nvdum.

Salix balsamifera Barratt ex Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 4: 190. 1879.

Salix columbiae A. Neis. & Macbr., Bot. Gaz. 56: 473. 1913.

DERIVATION.—Pear-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^bog willow.

RANGE.-—Newfoundland and Labrador west to Hudson Bay,

Saskatchewan, Alberta, and northeastern British Columbia, and

south in northeastern States from Minnesota to Michigan, New

York, and Maine.

Salix rígida Mtihl., see S. eriocephala Michx.
394 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Salix rostrata Richards., see S. bebbiana Sarg.

Salix sandbergii Rydb., see S. lasiolepis Benth.

Salix scouleriana Barratt Scauler willow

-fSalix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 145.

1839.

Salix brachystachys [subsp.TJS. scouleriana [var.?] crassijulis Anderss., Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 6(1) :83.

1867.

Salix nuttallii Sarg., Gard, and Forest 8: 463. 1895.

^Salix scouleriana var. flavescens (Nutt.) J. K. Henry, Fl,

South. Brit. Columb. 98. 1915.

-fSalix scouleriana var. crassijulis (Anderss.) Schneid.,

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 12. 1920.

Salix scouleriana var. poikila Schneid., Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 2: 12. 1920.

Salix scouleriana var. coetánea Ball, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour.

24: 73. 1934.

Salix scouleriana var. thompsoni Ball, Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour.

24:75, fig. 1. 1934.

DERIVATION.—From its discoverer, John Scouler (1804-71),

Scotch naturalist and physician who made collections of plants

on the northwest coast of North America in 1825-27.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^black willow, fire willow, fmountain

willow, Nuttall willow.

RANGE.—Saskatchewan to Yukon and southern Alaska to

Kodiak Island, south through southeastern Alaska and British

Columbia, and from Washington south in mountains to southern

California, east to Arizona and New Mexico, and north to Black

Hills of South Dakota and Montana.

Salix sericea Marsh. silky willow

Salix sericea Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 140. 1785.

DERIVATION.—Silky, referring especially to the young leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—satin willow.

RANGE.—^Western Nova Scotia to Maine, southern Quebec,

Michigan, Wisconsin, and eastern Iowa, south to Missouri, Tennessee, Georgia, and South Carolina.

This shrubby species occasionally becomes a small tree up to 24 feet high,

according" to Ball (Castanea 3: 8. 1938).

Salix sessilifolia Nutt. northwest willow

fSalix sessilifolia Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 68. 1843.

DERIVATION.—Sessile-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^velvet willow (SPN), fsandbar

willow, soft-leaved willow.

RANGE.—Southwestern British Columbia, western Washington,

and western Oregon.

Salix sitchensis Sansón Sitka willow

fSalix sitchensis Sansón ex Bong., Acad. Imp. Sei* St. Petersbourg Mém., Ser. 6, Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 162. 1832.
CHECK. LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 595

DERIVATION.—Of Sitka, in southeastern Alaska, where it was

first collected.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fsilky willow.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from Kodiak Island in southern

Alaska southeast through southeastern Alaska and western

British Columbia to Washington and northwestern California,

and east in Columbia River drainage to northern Idaho and

western Montana.

Salix jepsonii Schneid. ("fSalix sitchensis var. angustifolia Bebb) has

been omitted as a shrub not known to be arborescent.

Salix sitchensis var. coulteri Jeps., see S. coulteri Anderss.

Salix stenophylla Rydb., see S, exigua Nutt.

Salix taxifolia H. B. K. tycwleaf willow

-fSalix taxifolia H. B. K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 22. 1817.

Salix taxifolia var. limitánea Johnston, Arnold Arboretum

Jour. 25: 432. 1944.

DERIVATION.—^Yew-leaved, the leaves very small and narrow.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^yew willow.

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas, extreme southwestern New

Mexico, and southeastern Arizona. Also south through Mexico

(Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila southward) to Guatemala.

Salix toumeyi Britton, see S. bonplandiana H. B. K.

Salix tracyi Ball Tracy willow

Salix tracyi Ball, Calif. Univ. Pubs. Bot. 17: 403, pis. 69,

70. 1934.

DERIVATION.—^Named for its discoverer, Joseph P. Tracy,

botanist of Eureka, Calif.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oregon and northwestern California.

A shrub or small tree 7 to 20 feet high, closely related to Salix

lasiolepis Benth., arroyo willow.

SALIX VIMINALIS L. BASKET WILLOW

Salix viminalis L., Sp. PI. 1021. 1753.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—osier, common osier, silky osier.

DERIVATION.—Of osiers, or flexible twigs, referring to the use

in basketry and wicker work.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized locally from

Newfoundland and Quebec to New England, other northeastern

States, and Nova Scotia. Native of Eurasia.

A shrub or tree to 50 feet high widely introduced long ago

for basketry and ornament and occasionally escaped.

Salix wardi (Bebb) Bebb, see S. caroliniana Michx.

Salix watsoni (Bebb) Rydb., see S. lutea Nutt.

Salix wrightii Anderss., see S. amygdalaîdes Anderss.
396 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Sambucus L. (Family Caprifoliaceae) elder

^Sambucus L., Sp. PI, 269, 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 130.

1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—elderberry.

REFERENCE.—Schwerin, Fritz Graf von. Revisio generis Sambucus. Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 29: 194-231, illus. 1930.

Sambucus callicarpa Greene Pacific red elder

"¡Sambucus pubens Michx. y arborescens Torr. & Gray, Fl.

No. Amer. 2: 13. 1841.

iSambucus callicarpa Greene, Fl. Franciscana 342. 1892.

Sambucus racemosa L. var. callicarpa (Greene) Jeps., FL

West Mid. Calif. 411. 1901.

ISambucus racemosa var. arborescens (Torr. & Gray) Fosberg. Amer. Midland Nat. 27: 765. 1942.

DERIVATION.—Beautiful-fruited, from the red fruits.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fredberry elder, red elderberry.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from southern and southeastern

Alaska southeast to British Columbia, western Washington, western Oregon, and mountains of central and southern California.

By some authors regarded as a variety of Sambucus pubens Michx. (5.

racem,osa auth.), scarlet elder, of Canada and eastern United States.

Sambucus canadensis L. American elder

Sambucus canadensis L., Sp. PI. 269. 1753.

Sambucus canadensis var. submollis Rehd., Trees and Shrubs

2: 188. 1911.

DERIVATION.—Of Canada.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^blackberry elder, common elder.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia to Maine and west to Minnesota, south

to eastern Nebraska, central Kansas, western Oklahoma, and

central Texas, and east to Georgia.

Generally a shrub but reaching tree size in southern States, though not in

the 1927 Check List. In Louisiana it becomes 30 feet high with a trunk

2 feet in diameter, according to Cocks (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 216.

1922).

Sambucus cerúlea Raf., see S. glauca Nutt.

Sambucus glauca Nutt. fblueberry elder

•^Sambucus ceimlea Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 48. 1838; nomen

subnudum.

Sambucus glauca Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 2:

13, 1841.

Sambucus neo-mexicana Woot., Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 25:

309. 1898.

Sambucus glauca neo-mexicana (Woot.) A. Neis, in Coult.

& Neis., New Man. Bot. Rocky Mts. 469. 1909.

Sambucus intermedia Carr. neomexicana (Woot.) Schwer.,

Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 18: 38, 328. 1909.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 597

Sambucus caerulea var. neomexicana (Woot.) Rehd., Deut.

DendroL Gesell. Mitt. 24: 228. 1915.

The name Sambucus cerúlea Raf., very briefly and inadequately described

without specimens, should be rejected.

DERIVATION.—^Glaucous, or covered with a bloom, describing

the bluish fruits.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^blue elderberry.

RANGE.—Western Montana to southern Alberta, southern

British Columbia, and Washington, south to southern California,

southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and Trans-Pecos

Texas. Also in northern Mexico (Lower California, Sonora, and

Chihuahua).

Sambucus melanocarpa A. Gray blackhead elder

Sambucus melanocarpa A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei.

Proc. 19: 76. 1883.

Sambucus racemosa L. var. melanocarpa (A. Gray) McMinn,

Illus. Man. Calif. Shrubs 529. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Black-fruited.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^black elderberry, mountain elder.

RANGE.—Montana to Alberta, British Columbia, and Washington, south to California, Arizona, and New Mexico.

This shrubby species included here has been found rarely as a small tree

to 30 feet tall in n£)rthwestern Oregon by Oliver V. Matthews (Forest Log

12(5): 4. 1942).

Sambucus mexicana Presl fMexican elder

Sambucus mexicana Presl in DC, Prodr. 4: 322. 1830.

Sambucus canadensis L. var. mexicana (Presl) Sarg., Silva

No. Amer. 5: 88, pi. 221. 1893.

fSambucus coerulea var. arizonica Sarg., Man. Trees No.

Amer. Ed. 2, 885, fig. 778. 1922.

Sambucus glauca var. arizonica Sarg, ex Jepson, Man. Fl.

PL Calif. 965. 1925.

Sambucus caerulea var. mexicana (Presl) L. Benson, Amer.

Jour. Bot. 30: 240. 1943.

DERIVATION.—Of Mexico.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Arizona blueberry elder (SPN),

Arizona elder, desert elderberry, sauco.

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas to southern New Mexico, central

Arizona, and southern California, and south through Mexico to

Central America.

Sambucus neo-mexicana Woot., see S. glauca Nutt.

Sambucus pubens Michx., see note under S. callicarpa Greene

Sambucus simpsonii Rehd. tFlorida elder

Sambucus intermedia Carr. insularis Schwer., Deut. Dendrol.

Gesell. Mitt. 18: 38. 1909.

iSambucus simpsonii Rehd. in Sarg., Trees and Shrubs 2:

187, pi. 175. 1911.
398 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—In honor of J. H. Simpson, who collected the

type in 1910.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Gulf elder, southern elder.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from northern to southern Florida and

west to southern Louisiana.

Closely related to Sambucus canadensis L., and perhaps not specifically

distinct.

Sambucus velutina Durand & Hilgard velvet elder

Sambucus velutina Durand & Hilgard, Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila.

Jour., Ser. 2, 3: 39. 1855 (preprinted 1854).

iSambucus cerúlea velutina (Durand & Hilgard) Schwer.,

Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 18: 37. 1909.

Sambucus glauca var. velutina (Durand & Hilgard) Johnston.

Pl. World 22: 118. 1919.

DERIVATION.—^Velvety, referring to the hairy leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fvelvet-leaf elder.

RANGE.—Mountains of western Arizona (Hualpai Mountains)

and California from Sierra Nevada to southern California and

Santa Cruz Island.

Sapindus L. (Family Sapindaceae) soapberry

^Sapindus L., Sp. PI. 367. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 171.

1754.

DERIVATION.—^A corruption of Latin sapo, soap, and indicus,

Indian, referring to the use of the saponin-rich berries by the

West Indian natives as a substitute for soap.

REFERENCE.—Radlkofer, L. Sapindus. Pflanzenreich 98a (IV.

165) : 630-668. 1932.

Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Am. fwestern soapberry

fSapindus drummondi Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 281.

[1838.]

Rhus florita M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot. 18: 22. 1935;

without Latin diagnosis.

Sapindus saponaria var. drummondi (Hook. & Arn.) L.

Benson, Amer. Jour. Bot. 30: 239. 1943.

DERIVATION.—From its discoverer, Thomas Drummond (1780-

1835), Scotch botanical explorer in North America.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^wild china-tree, cherioni, jaboncillo.

RANGE.—Louisiana north to southwestern Missouri, west to

Kansas, southern Colorado, eastern and southern New Mexico,

and central Arizona, and through Texas to northern Mexico.

Sapindus marginatus Willd. Florida soapberry

iSapindus marginatus Willd., Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. 432.

1809.

DERIVATION.—Margined, the leaf rachises narrow margined or

wingless.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^^fsoapberry, wild china-tree.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from South Carolina to Georgia and

central Florida. Also in Cuba.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 399

Sapindus sapanaria L. fwingleaf soapberry

•^Sapindus saponaria L., Sp. PL 367. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Of soap ; the fruits contain saponin and have

been used as soap in washing clothes.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—southern soapberry (SPN).

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies, Mexico, Central America, and South America.

Sapium P. Br. (Family Euphorbiaceae) sapium

fSapium P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 338. 1756.

Triadica Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 610. 1790.

DERIVATION.—From the Latin name of a resinous pine or fir

tree.

Sapium biloculare (S. Wats.) Pax jumping-bean sapium

Sebastiana (?) bilocularis S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Arts and

Sei. Proc. 20: 374. 1885.

Sapium biloculare (S. Wats.) Pax, Pflanzenreich 52 (IV.

147. V) : 221. 1912.

DERIVATION.—^Two-celled, referring to the fruit capsule with

two seeds.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Mexican jumping-bean.

RANGE.—Southern Arizona (Maricopa and Pima Counties)

and northwestern Mexico (Sonora and Lower California).

First reported from the United States near Gila Bend, Maricopa County,

Ariz., by Kearney (Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 21: 72. 1931). A shrub or small

tree up to 15 feet high in Arizona, according to Kearney and Peebles (U.

S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 423, 534. 1942).

SAPIUM GLANDULOSUM (L.) Morong BRAZIL SAPIUM

Hippomane glandulosa L., Sp. PL 1191. 1753.

-fSapium glandulosum (L.) Morong in Morong & Britton, N.

Y. Acad. Sei. Ann. 7: 227. 1893.

DERIVATION.—Glandular, perhaps from the abundant white

latex.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fmilktree, South American milktree.

RANGE.—Naturalized in northwestern Florida. Native of

South America.

SAPIUM SEBIFERUM (L.) Roxb. íTALLOWTREE

Crotón sebiferum L., Sp. PI. 1004. 1753.

fSapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 693. 1832.

Trixidica sebifera (L.) Small, Fla. Trees 59, 102. 1913.

DERIVATION.—Bearing wax or tallow; the waxy seed coats used

in making candles.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Chinese tallowtree (SPN).

RANGE.—^Naturalized in Coastal Plain from South Carolina

to Florida and Louisiana. Native of China.

Sassafras Trew (Family Lauraceae) sassafras

iSassafras Trew, Herb. Blackw., Cent. 3, pi. 267. 1757.

DERIVATION.—^A Spanish name, perhaps of American Indian
400 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

origin, and thought by some to be confused with saxifrage.

Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees fsassafras

Laurus sassafras L., Sp. PI. 371. 1753.

Laurus variifolia Salish.f Prodr. 344. 1796; nomen illegitvmum.

Laurus albida Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PI. 1: 259. 1818.

Sassafras officinale Nees & Eberm., Handb. Med.-Pharm.

Bot. 2: 418. 1831; as ''officinalisJ'

Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees, Syst. Laur. 490. 1836.

Sassafras triloba Raf., Autikon Bot. 85. 1840.

Sassafras triloba var. mollis Raf., Autikon Bot. 85. 1840.

Sassafras sassafras (L.) Karst., Deut. FI. Pharm.-Med. Bot.

505. 1882.

fSassafras variifolium (Salisb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 2:

574. 1891.

Sassafras officinale var. albidum Blake, Rhodora 20: 99.

1918.

Sassafras albidum var. molle (Raf.) Fernald, Rhodora 38:

179. 1936.

DERIVATION.—^Whitish.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—common sassafras (SPN).

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine to New York, extreme southern

Ontario, central Michigan, Illinois, southeastern Iowa, and Missouri, south to extreme southeastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma,

and eastern Texas, and east to central Florida. Formerly in

southeastern Wisconsin, where now extinct.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. The nomenclature of Sassafras.

Rhodora 38: 178-179. 1936.

Savia Willd. (Family Euphorbiaceae) maidenbush

iSavia Willd., Sp. PI. Ed. 4, 4: 771. 1806.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Gattano Savi (died 1844), professor

at Pisa, Italy.

Savia bahamensis Britton Bahama maidenbush

iSavia bahamensis Britton, Torreya 4: 104. 1904.

DERIVATION.—Of Bahama Islands, where it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^maidenbush.

RANGE.—^Lower Florida Keys. Also in Bahama Islands.

Commonly a small shrub but also a small ti'ee to 15 feet in height.

Schaefferia Jacq. (Family Celastraceae) schaefferia

-fSchaefferia Jacq., Enum. PL Carib. 10. 1760.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to Jakob Christian Schaeiïer (1718-

90), German naturalist.

Sehaefferia frutescens Jacq. fFlorida-boxwood

IfScliaefferia frutescent Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. S3, (10).

1760 ; as ''Schaeferia" on p. 33. Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer.

259. 1763.

DSmrvATiON.—rShrubby, or bushy.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 401

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^yellowwood, boxwood.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies, southern Mexico (Veracruz), and Colombia and

Venezuela in northern South America.

SCHINUS L. (Family Anacardiaceae) PEPPERTREB

Schinus h., Sv. PI S8S. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 184. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From the classical Greek name of the mastic-tree

or lentisk pistache, Pistacia lentiscus L., applied to the genus because of the resin of some species.

REFERENCE.—Barkley, Fred A. Schinus L. Brittonia 5: 160-

198, illus. 1944.

Schinus longifolia (Lindl.) Speg. (in Speg. & Giróla, Soc. Rural

Argentina An. 1910: 413. 1910), a shrub or small tree introduced into Texas as an ornamental, is reported by Barkley (in

Lundell, Fl. Tex. 3: 92. 1943) as apparently naturalized.

SCHINUS MOLLE L. PEPPERTREE

Schinus molle L., Sp. PI. 388. 1753.

DERIVATION.—From the old Peruvian name, molle or muUi.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Cahfornia peppertree (SPN), Peruvian peppertree.

RANGE.—Naturalized in southern California, according to Munz

(Man. South. Calif. Bot. 294. 1935) and Jepson (FL Calif. 2: 448.

1936), and well established in southern Texas, according to

Barkley (in Lundell, Fl. Tex. 3: 92. 1943.). Native of South

America from Peru to Argentina but widely cultivated and naturalized in the tropics.

The naturalization on the Pacific coast of this species, which also adds

a naturalized genus, was predicted by Britton and Shafer (No. Amer. Trees

604. 1908). In time it may become extensively naturalized in other subtropical areas of the United States as now in Mexico.

Schmaltzia Desv., see Rhus L.

Schoepfia Schreb. (Family Olacaceae) graytwig

fSchoepfia Schreb., Gen. PI. Ed. 8, 1: 129. 1789.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Johann David Schoepf (1752-1800),

German physician and botanist, who traveled in North America

and West Indies.

Schoepfia chrysophylloides (A. Rich.) Planch. Gulf graytwig

Diplocalyx chrysophylloides A, Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol.

Nat. Cuba 11: 81. 1850.

iSchoepfia chrysophylloides (A. Rich.) Planch., Ann. des

Sei. Nat, Bot., Ser. 4, 2: 261. 1854; as ''Schoepfia.''

DERIVATION.—^Like Chrysophyllum, starapple.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fwhitewood.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Guatemala.

At one time the Florida tree was referred to Schoepfia sefweberiJ, G.

Gmel., of the West lûdieô.
402 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Sebestén Adans., see Cordia L.

Sequoia Endl. (Family Pinaceae) sequoia

Steinhauera Presl in Stemberg. Versuch Geogn.-Bot. Dast.

Fl. Vorwelt 2: 202, pis. 49, 57. 1838 ; nomen rejiciendum.

^Sequoia Endl., Synops. Conif. 197. 1847 ; nomen conservandum.

Sequoiadendron Buchholz, Amer. Jour. Bot. 26: 536. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Commemorating Sequoyah (also spelled Sequoia), or George Guess (1770?-1843), American Indian inventor

of the Cherokee alphabet; the name was unexplained by its author.

REFERENCES.—Buchholz, J. T. The generic segregation of the

Sequoias. Amer. Jour. Bot. 26: 535-538. 1939.

Looby, W. J., and Doyle, J. Formation of gynospore, female

gametophyte, and archegonia in Sequoia. Roy. Dublin Soc. Sei.

Proc, New Ser. 23: 35-54, illus. 1942.

/"Sequoia gigantea (Lindl.) Decne. giant sequoia

Wellingtonia gigantea Lindl., Gard. Chron. 1853: 820, 823.

1853.

Sequoia gigantea (Lindl.) Decne., Soc. Bot. de France Bul.

1: 70. 1854. Not Sequoia gigantea Endl., Synops. Conif.

198. 1847.

Taxodium washingtonianum Winslow, Calif. Farmer 2: 58.

1854 (Aug. 24) ; nomen illegifinmm.

Washingtonia califomica Winslow, Calif. Farmer 2: 58.

1854 (Aug. 24) ; nomen illegitimum.

Sequoia wellingtonia Seem., Bonplandia 3: 27. 1855.

1( Sequoia washingtoniana (Winslow) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr.

Div. Forestry Bui. 14: 61. 1897.

Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchholz, Amer. Jour.

Bot. 26:536. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Giant.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fbigtree, Sierra redwood.

RANGE.—Central California, western slope of Sierra Nevada

from Placer County to Tulare County, local in groves.

REFERENCES.—Dayton, William A. The names of the giant

sequoia. Leafl. West. Bot. 3: 209-219. 1943.

Doyle, J. Naming of the redwoods. Nature 155: 254r-257.

1945.

Jones, George Neville. The botanical name of the giant Sequoia,

Science 98: 406-407. 1943.

Rickett, H. W. The Botanical name of the big tree. N. Y. Bot

Gard. Jour. 51: 15. 1950.

The name Sequoia gigantea^ which is in general use for the giant sequoia,

is adopted here, though S. washingtoniana was used in the 1927 Check List

and 5. wellingtonia has been the proper name since 1930 under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. A majority of the botanists in

California consulted prefer to continue the illegitimate name Sequoia

gigantea, which is so well established in many publications about, these

remarkable trees. In the interests of uniformity and of elimination of confusion in names, the name S. gigantea is accepted here by the Forest Service

committee.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 403

Buchholz (Amer. Jour. Bot. 26: 535-538. 1939) segregated this species

from Sequoia under the new genus Sequoiadendron as Sequoiadendron

giganteum (Lindl.) Buchholz. However, under conservative taxonomy, division of a long-established genus of only two living species to form two

monotypic genera would not seem desirable nor necessary to emphasize the

differences of the two species and would cause confusion in the identification

of the many fossil species.

Winslow's two names, Taxodium washingtonianum and Washingtoma

californica, have been questioned because they were provisional and alternate

names and published in a newspaper. However, if not rejected for those

reasons, the two names definitely are illegitimate as superfluous when published, because Winslow in citing Wellingtonia gigantea Lindl. did not

retain the same specific epithet in the other genera.

^Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. fredwood

Taxodium sempervirens D. Don in Lamb., Descr. Genus Pinus

2: [24], pi. 7, fig. 1. 1824.

•\Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl., Synops. Conif. 198.

1847.

DERIVATION.—^Evergreen.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—California redwood, coast redwood.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region of southwestern Oregon (three

groves in Curry County) and northwestern to central California

(Del Norte County to Monterey County).

Sequoiadendron Buchholz, see Sequoia Endl.

Serenoa Hook, f. (Family Palmae) saw-palmetto

Serenoa Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PL 3: 926, 1228.

1883; as ''Serenaea" on p. 926 but corrected to ''Serenoa''

on p. 1228.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to Sereno Watson (1826-1892),

American botanist at Harvard University and authority on the

flora of North America.

REFERENCES.—See under Sabal Adans.

Serenoa arborescens SsiXg., see Paurotis wrightii (Griseb. & H.

Wendl.) Britton

Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small saw-palmetto

Corypha repens Bartr., Travels N. S. Car. Ga. Fla. 61. 1791.

Chamaerops serrulata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 206. 1803.

Serenoa serrulata (Michx.) Nicholson, Illus. Diet. Gard. S:

423. 1887.

Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 23:

62. 1922.

DERIVATION.—Creeping, usually shrubby with horizontal, creeping stems.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern South Carolina to

southern Florida and Florida Keys, and west to southern Mississippi and southeastern Louisiana.

Though typically prostrate and omitted from the 1927 Check List, this

variable species sometimes becomes a small erect tree 20 to 25 feet high

in Florida.
404 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Sesbatiia Scop. (Family Leguminosae) sesbania

Agati Adans., Fam. PL 2: 326. 1763 ; nomen rejiciendum.

Sesban Adans., Fam. PL 2: 327. 1763 ; nomen rejiciendum.

^Sesbania Scop., Introd. Hist. Nat. 308. 1777; nomen conservandum.

DERIVATION.—Latinized from Persian sisabcun and Arabic saysaban used for plants of this genus.

SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA (L.) Pers. AGATI

Robinia grandiflora L., Sp. PL 722. 1753.

Aeschynomene grandiflora (L.) L., Sp. PL Ed. 2, 1060.

[1763].

Sesban grandifloras (L.) Poir., EncycL Méth. Bot. 7: 127.

1806.

fSesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers., Synops. PL 2: 316. 1807.

Agati grandiflora (L.) Desv., Jour, de Bot. AppL Agr. Pharm.

Med. Arts 1: 120. 1813.

DERIVATION.—Large-flowered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—agati sesbania (SPN), Australian

corkwood-tree.

RANGE.—Naturalized in southern Florida south to Key West,

but generally shrubby. Planted and naturalized also in West

Indies and from southern Mexico (Yucatán) to South America.

Native of East Indies.

Shepherdia Nutt. (Family Elaeagnaceae) buffaloberry

Lepargyrea Ral, Amer. Monthly Mag. 2: 176. 1818 (Jan.) ;

nomen rejiciendum.

Shepherdia Nutt, Gen. No. Amer. PL 2: 240. 1818 ; nomen

cortsprvanduyyii

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to John Shepherd (1764?-1836), English botanist and curator of the Liverpool Botanic Garden.

REFERENCE.—Nelson, Aven. Rocky Mountain Herbarium Studies. III. The Elaeagnaceae.—^A mono-generic family. Amer. Jour.

Bot. 22: 681-683. 1935.

Shepherdia argéntea (Pursh) Nutt. silver buffaloberry

Hippophae argéntea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 115. 1814.

Shepherdia argéntea (Pursh) Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. 2: 240.

1818.

Lepargyrea argéntea (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia2: 122. 1890.

Elaeagnus utilis A. Neis., Amer. Jour. Bot. 22: 682. 1935.

Not Elaeagnus argenteus Moench, Meth. PL 638. 1794.

DERIVATION.—Silvery, from the silvery, scurfy leaves and twigs.

RANGE.—^Western Minnesota and North Dakota to Manitoba

and Alberta, south to eastern Oregon, southern California, and

east to central Nevada, northern Arizona, northern New Mexico,

western Kansas, eastern Nebraska, and Iowa.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^buffaloberry.

Recorded by several authors as a shrub or sometimes small tree to 23 feet

high, though this species, genus, and the family Elaeagnaceae were not in

the 1927 Check List.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 405

Sideroxylon L. (Family Sapotaceae) jungle-plum

^Sideroxylon L., Sp. PL 192. 1753. Gen. PL Ed. 5, 89.

1754 ; as **Sideroxylum."

Mastichodendron Jacq. ex Lam* Rec. des Trav. Bot. Néerland.

36: 521. 1939; without Latin diagnosis.

Mastichodendron Cronquist, Lloydia 9: 245. 1946.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, iron and wood, alluding to the very

hard wood.

REFERENCE.—Cronquist, Arthur. Studies in the Sapotaceae—

II. Survey of the North American genera. Lloydia 9: 241-292.

1946.

Mastichodendron Cronquist has been proposed as a generic segregate for

the American species of Sideroxylon, Under that interpretation the genus

Sideroxylon would be limited to the African species. However, Sideroxylon

has been universally accepted for the American species in the past, and its

division seems unnecessary now.

Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq. false-mastic

^Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq., Enum. PL Ins. Carib. 15.

1760.

Sideroxylon mastichodendron Jacq., Coll. Bot. 2: 253, pL

17, fig. 5. 1788.

Mastichodendron foetidissimum (Jacq.) Lam., Rec. des Trav.

Bot. Néerland. 36: 521. 1939 ; nom. illegit.

Mastichodendron foetidissimum (Jacq.) Cronquist, Lloydia

9: 246. 1946.

DERIVATION.—^Very ill-smelling, referring to the cheeselike odor

of the numerous flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fmastic, wild-olive.

RANGE.—Southern Florida north on eastern coast to Cape

Canaveral, and Florida Keys. Also in West Indies and a variety

in Yucatán peninsula of Mexico and British Honduras.

Simarouba Aubl. (Family Simaroubaceae) simarouba

-fSimarouba Aubl., Hist. PL Guiane Franc. 2: 869, pis. 331,

332. 1775.

Simaruba DC, Paris Mus. Hist. Nat. Ann. 17: 423. 1811.

Nom. conserv. propos. Janchen, 1944. Not Simaruba

Boehm., 1760.

DERIVATION.—From the Carib Indian name of the type species

from Guiana.

REFERENCE.—Cronquist, Arthur. Studies in the Simaroubaceae

—II. The genus Simarouba. Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 71: 226-

234, illus. 1944.

Sometimes spelled Simaruba, but Aublet's original spelling Simarouba

should be retained, as noted by Sprague (Kew Roy. Bot. Gard. Bul. Misc.

Inform. 1929: 243. 1929).

Simarouba glauca DC. fparadise-tree

fSimarouba glauca DC, Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat Ann. 17:

424. 1811 ; as ''Simaruba/'
406 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Simarouha medicinalis EndL, Med.-Pflanz. Osterreich. 528.

1842.

Simarouha glauca var. latifoUa Cronquist, Torrey Bot. Club

Bui. 71:231. 1944.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, north on east coast to Cape Canaveral, including Florida Keys. Also in West Indies from Bahama

Islands to Hispaniola and Jamaica, and from southern Mexico

(Yucatán, Tabasco, and Oaxaca) south to Costa Rica in Central

America,

DERIVATION.—Glaucous, or covered with a bloom, referring to

the blue-green lower surface of the leaflets.

Simpsonia 0. F. Cook, see Thrinax Sw.

Solanum L. (Family Solanaceae) nightshade

tSoîdmm L., Sp. PI. 184. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 85. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name for nightshade, Solanum

spp.

SOLANUM VERBASCIFOLIUM L. MULLEIN NIGHTSHADE

iSolanum verbascifolium L., Sp. PI. 184. 1758.

DERIVATION.—^With leaves of Verbascum, or mullein-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fpotato-tree.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, north on east coast to Brevard

County, and Florida Keys, and southeastern Texas. Widely distributed in West Indies, nearly throughout Mexico except Lower

California, Central America, South America, and Old World

tropics. Probably naturalized in the United States rather than

native but now thoroughly established in southern Florida.

Sophora L. (Family Leguminosae) sophora

fSopfeora L., Sp. PL 373. 1754; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 175. 1754.

DERIVATION.—^Latinized from Arabic sufayra, a tree with peashaped flowers and perhaps of this genus.

Sophora affinis Torr. & Gray Texas sophora

•fSophora affinis Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 1: 390. 1840.

DERIVATION.—Related.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fcoralbean, pink sophora.

RANGE.—Northwestern Louisiana and southwestern Arkansas

west to southern Oklahoma and central and eastern Texas.

Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. mescalbean

Broussonetixi secundiflora Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 61, pi. 7.

1798.

^Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag. ex DC, Cat. PL Hort.

Bot. Monsp. 148. 1813.

DERIVATION.—Secund-flowering, the flowers on one side of

the axis.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—mescalbean sophora (SPN), coralbean, ffrijolito, frijol-rojo.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 407

RANGE.—^Eastern and southern Texas to Trans-Pecos Texas

and southeastern New Mexico. Also in northeastern Mexico

(Nuevo León, Coahuila, and San Luis Potosí).

Sorbus L. (Family Rosaceae) mountain-ash

iSorbm L., Sp. PL 477. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 213. 1754.

Pyrus L., Sp. PL 479. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 214. 1754; in

part.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name of Sorbus domestica

L., servicetree mountain-ash of Europe.

REFERENCE.—Jones, George Neville. A synopsis of the North

American species of Sorbics. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 20: 1-43,

illus. 1939.

Sorbus americana Marsh. American mountain-ash

•fSorbus americana Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 145. 1785.

Pyrus americana (Marsh.) DC., Prodr. 2: 637. 1825.

Pyrus americana ß microcarpa (Pursh) Torr. & Gray, FL

No. Amer. 1: 472. 1843.

DERIVATION.—American.

OTHER COMON NAME.—^fmountain-ash.

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Quebec to Ontario, northern Michigan, Minnesota, and southeastern Manitoba, south to northern

Illinois, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, and south

in mountains to eastern Tennessee, northern Georgia, and western

North Carolina.

SORBUS AUCUPARIA L. IEUROPEAN MOUNTAIN-ASH

fSorbus aucuparia L., Sp. PL 477. 1753.

Pyru£ aucuparia (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. PL 2: 45, pL 87.

179L

Sorbus subvestita Greene, Pittonia 4: 130. 1900.

DERIVATION.—Old generic name, meaning to catch birds, referring to the use of the mucilaginous fruits by fowlers in making

bird lime.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^rowan-tree.

RANGE.—Naturalized from Newfoundland and Labrador west

across southern Canada to British Columbia and southeastern

Alaska, and south in northern United States to Washington,

Minnesota, Iowa,.Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Maine. Native

of Europe and Asia and spreading from cultivation.

Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid. showy mountain-ash

Pyrus americana (Marsh.) DC. var. decora Sarg., Silva No.

Amer. 14: 101. 1902.

Sorbus americana var. decora (Sarg.) Sarg., Man. Trees No.

Amer. 357, fig, 281. 1905.

Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid., Herb. Boissier BuL, Ser.

2,6:313. 1906.

Sorbus americana var. groenlandica Schneid., Herb. Boissier

BuL, Ser. 2, 6: 814. 1906.
408 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Sorbiis decora var. groenlandica (Schneid) G. N. Jones,

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 20: 30. 1939.

Pyrus decora (Sarg.) Hyland, Rhodora 45: 28. 1943.

Pyrus decora var. groenlandica (Schneid.) Fern., Rhodora

49:233. 1947.

DERIVATION,—^Showy, or ornamental, in allusion to its handsome fruit.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^mountain-ash.

RANGE.—Southern Greenland, Labrador, and Newfoundland to

Quebec, Ontario, and Minnesota, south to Iowa, northern Indiana,

Ohio, New York, and Maine.

A small tree or shrub 20 to 40 feet tall, according to Jones (Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 20: 25. 1939). Not distinguished from S, americana Marsh,

in the 1927 Check List. At one time referred to Sorbus samhudfolia (Cham.

& Schlecht.) Roem. (Pyrus samhudfolia Cham. & Schlecht.), a shrubby

species of northeastern Asia and the western-most Aleutian Islands of

Alaska.

Sorbus occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene, western mountain-ash

which was included in approved changes of the Check List in 1930,

is omitted here as a shrub 3 to 10 feet high, according to Jones

(Arnold Arboretum Jour. 20: 39-42. 1939).

Sorbus sitchensis Roem. Sitka mountain-ash

Sorbus sitchensis Roem., Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. Syn. 3: 139.

1847.

Sorbus califomica Greene, Pittonia 4: 131. 1900.

Pyrus sitchensis (Roem.) Piper, Mazama 2:101. 1901.

Sorbus sitchensis var. califomica (Greene) Smiley, Calif.

Univ. Pub. Bot. 9: 233. 1921.

Sorbus sitchensis var. densa Jeps., Man. Fl. PI. Calif. 508.

1925.

iSorbus americana sitchensis (Roem.) Sudw., U. S. Dept.

Agr. Misc. Cir. 92: 133. 1927.

Sorbus cascadensis G. N. Jones, Wash. Univ. Pub. Biol. 7:

174. 1938.

Sorbus sitchensis subsp. califomica (Greene) Abrams, lUus.

Fl. Pacific States 2: 470. 1944.

DERIVATION.—Of Sitka, Alaska, where it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—California mountain-ash. Pacific

mountain-ash, fwestern mountain-ash.

RANGE.—^Yukon to southern Alaska (Katmai region), south

through southeastern Alaska and British Columbia and from

western Washington south to Oregon and Sierra Nevada in central California and western Nevada, and east to northern Idaho

and northwestern Montana.

Generally a shrub but in Alaska becoming a small tree 15 to 40 feet high

and 5 inches in diameter, as recorded in the 1927 Check List.

Sorbus subvestita Greene, see S. AUCUPARIA L.

Stophylea L. (Family Staphyleaceae) bladdemut

iStaphylea h.,Sv. PI 270. 1753. Gen. PL Ed. 5,130. 1754;

as ''Staphylaea."
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 409

DERIVATION.—From Greek, cluster of grapes, referring to the

clustered flowers.

Staphylea bolanderi A. Gray Sierra bladdernut

Staphylea bolanderi A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sei. Proc.

10: 69. 1874.

DERIVATION.—^In honor of its discoverer Henry Nicholas Bolander (1831-97), State botanist of California.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Bolander bladdernut, California '

bladdernut.

RANGE.-—Northern to central California (Sierra Nevada).

This species is a shrub 6 to 10 feet high or a slender tree up to 20 feet

high, according to Jepson (Man. Fl. PL Calif. 611. 1925).

Staphylea trifolía L. American bladdernut

fStaphylea trifolia L., Sp. PI. 270. 1753.

DERIVATION.—^Three-leaved, referring to the three leaflets.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fbladdernut.

RANGE.—Massachusetts to southern Quebec, Ontario, northern

Michigan, and southern Minnesota, south to southeastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, and southeastern Oklahoma, and east

to Arkansas, Alabama, and Georgia.

StercuKa platanifolia L. f., see Firmiana platanîfolia (L. f.) Schott

& Endl.

Stewartia L. (Family Theaceae) stewartia

StewarUa L., Sp. PL 698. 1753 ; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 311. 1754.

Malachodendron Cav., Monadelph. Class. Diss. 5: 302. 1788.

Stuartia UHér., Stirp. Nov. 153. [1791.]

DERIVATION.—In honor of John Stuart •(1713-92), Earl of

Bute and a patron of botany.

This genus has two native species of shrubs or small trees, which were

accepted as trees by Goker and Totten (Trees Southeast. States 322-325,

fig. 1934).

REFERENCE.—Sprague, T. A. Kew Roy. Bot. Gard. Bul. Misc.

Inform. 1928: 362-363. 1928.

Stewartia malacodendron L. Virginia stewartia

Stetvartia malacodendron L., Sp. PI. 698. 1753.

Sttiartia malacodendron (L.) L'Hér., Stirp. Nov. 153, pi. 73.

[1791.]

DERIVATION.—An older generic name used by John Mitchell

(1680?-1768), Virginia physician and botanist; it, in turn, derives from Greek malakos, soft, and dendron, tree, referring to

the silky pubescence.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—silky-camellia, round-fruited stewartia.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from eastern Virginia south to Georgia

and western Florida and west to northern Alabama and Mississippi.

A shrub or small tree up to 20 feet in height, Äccordingr to Coker and

Totten (p. 325).
410 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEÎ»T. OF AGRICULTURE

Stewartîa ovata (Cav.) Weatherby mountain stewartia

Malackodendron ovatum Cav., Monadelph. Class. Diss, 5: 302,

pi. 158, fig. 2. 1788.

Stewartia montana Bartr., Travels N. S. Car. Ga. Fla. 334.

1791.

Stuartia pentagyna L'Hér., Stirp. Nov. 155, pi. 74. [1791.]

Malackodendron pentagynum (L'Hér.) Dum.-Cours., Bot.

Cult. Ed. 2, 5: 107. 1811.

Stewartia pentagyna var. grandiflora Bean, Trees Shrubs

Brit. Isles 2: 555. 1914.

Malachodendron pentagynum grandiflorum (Bean) E. J.

Alexander, Addisonia 19: 1, pi. 609. 1935.

Stewartia ovata (Cav.) Weatherby, Rhodora 41: 198. 1939.

Stewartia ovata var. grandiflora (Bean) Weatherby, Rhodora

41: 198. 1939.

DERIVATION.—Ovate, referring to the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—mountain-camellia, angle-fruited

stewartia.

RANGE.—Mountains, chiefly, from Virginia to southeastern Kentucky, south to eastern Tennessee, northern Alabama, northern

Georgia, and central North Carolina.

Coker and Totten (p. 324) cited a tree in Rabun County, Ga., 24 feet high

and SYz inches in diameter.

Strohvs (Sweet) Opiz, see Pinus L.

Strombocarpa (Benth.) A. Gray, see Prosopis L.

Stuartia L'Hér., see Stewartia L.

Styrax L. (Family *Styracaceae) snowbell

"^Styrax L., Sp. PI. 444. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 203. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The ancient Greek name of Styrax officinalis L.,

drug snowbell, which produces the resin storax.

Styrax grandifolía Ait. bigleaf snowbell

fStyrax grandifolia Ait., Hort. Kew. 2: 75. 1789 ; as ''grandirfolium/^

DERIVATION.—Large-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fsnowbell, storax.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern Virginia to Florida and

Louisiana, and north to Arkansas and western Tennessee. Reported from southern Ohio (Athens County).

Suriana L. (Family Simaroubaceae) baycedar

iSunana L., Sp. PI. 284. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 137. 1754.

DERIVATION.—Named in honor of Joseph Donat Surian, a

French artist.

By some authors and in the 1927 Check List placed in a separate family,

Surianaceae, with a single species.

Suriana marítima L. fbaycedar

fSuriana maritima L., Sp. PL 284. 1753.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 411

RANGE.—Shores of central and southern Florida, including

Florida Keys. Widely distributed on tropical shores in Bermuda,

West Indies, and from southeastern Mexico (Yucatán), south

to Central America and northern South America from Colombia

to Brazil. Also in Old World tropics.

DERIVATION.—Maritime, from the habitat of sea shores.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—thatch-leaf.

Svida Opiz, see Cornus L.

Swietenia Jacq. (Family Meliaceae) mahogany

Svnetenia Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 4. 1760.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to Baron Gerald von Swieten (1700-

72), Dutch physician and founder of the botanical garden at

Vienna.

REFERENCE.—^Blake, S. F. Revision of the true mahoganies

(Swietenia). Wash. Acad. Sei. Jour. 10: 286-297, illus. 1920.

Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. West Indies mahogany

Cedrela mahagoni L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 940. 1759: as

''Mahagr

fSwietenm mahagoni Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 20. 1760.

DERIVATION.—From the vernacular name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—madeira-tree, fmahogany.

RANGE.—Extreme southern Florida (extinct northward) and

Florida Keys. Also native in Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola,. Cultivated and naturalized elsewhere in tropical regions.

REFERENCE.—Rice, C. Hagler. The northern outpost of mahogany. Amer. Forests 42: 266-267, 293, illus. 1936.

Symplocos Jacq. (Family Symplocaceae) sweetleaf

fSymplocos Jacq., Enum. PL Ins. Carib. 5. 1760.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, connected, referring to the stamens

united at the base.

Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L'Hér. common sweetleaf

Hopea tinctoria L., Mant. PI. 1: 105. 1767.

fSymplocos tinctoria (L.) L'Hér., Linn. Soc. [London] Trans.

1: 176. 1791.

Symplocos tinctoria var. ashei Harbison, Elisha Mitchell Sei.

Soc. Jour. 46: 219. 1931.

DERIVATION.—Of dyes ; the leaves and bark being the source of

a yellow dye.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—horse-sugar, fsweetleaf, yellowwood.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, chiefly, from Delaware south to northem Florida, west to eastern Texas, and north to southeastern

Oklahoma, southern Arkansas, southeastern Tennessee, and mountains of North Carolina.

iTalisia pedicellaris Radlk. (K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München Math.-

Phys. Cl. Sitzber. 8: 342. 1878; family Sapindaceae), Guiana talisia

(Florida talisia, SPN) was recorded from Brickell Hammock, Miami, Fla.,

as a small tree by Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 828, fig. 1933). In the 1927
412 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Check List this species native of French Guiana was mentioned as established on a hammock near Miami, Fla., on authority of Small. However,

if introduced, it apparently is too rare to be, classed as naturalized.

Tamala Raf., see Persea Gaertn. f.

TAMARINDUS L. (Family Leguminosae) TAMARIND

tramaríncítfs L., Sp. PI. 34. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 20. 1754.

DERIVATION.—From Arabic tamr hindi, Indian dried date,

through Spanish and Italian tamarindo.

TAMARINDUS INDICA L. fTAMARiND

^Tamarindus indica L., Sp. PL 34. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Of India.

RANGE.—Naturalized in southern Florida, including Florida

Keys. Native of Old World tropics. Naturalized also in West

Indies, Mexico, Central America, and South America.

TAMARIX L. (Family Tamaricaceae) TAMARISK

fTamarix L., Sp. PI. 270. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 131, 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name, perhaps from Tamaris,

a river in Spain, according to some authors.

REFERENCE.—McClintock, Elizabeth. Studies in California

Plants 3. The tamarisks. Calif. Hort. Soc. Jour. 12: 76-83.

1951.

TAMARIX PARVIFLORA DC. SMALLFLOWER TAMARISK

Tamarix parviflora DC, Prodr. 3: 97. 1828,

DERIVATION.—Small-flowered.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized in southern

California, according to McMinn (Illus. Man. California Shrubs

358. 1939), Robbins (Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 637: 71. 1940),

and Abrams (Illus. Fl. Pacif. States 3: 120, fig. 3246. 1951).

Native of southeastern Europe and central Asia. A shrub or small

tree up to 18 feet high.

TAMARIX PENTANDRA Pall FIVE-STAMEN TAMARISK

Tamarix pentandra Pall., Fl. Ross. 1 (2) : 72, pi. 19. 1788.

Formerly and in the 1927 Check List referred to iTamarix gallîca L.,

French tamarisk (ftamarisk), of the Mediterranean region.

DERIVATION.—Five stamens, alluding to the characteristic stamen number in this species.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—salt-cedar.

RANGE.—Widely naturalized in southern and western United

States from North Carolina to Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, Nevada, southeastern Oregon, and California, south to Arizona,

Texas, and Florida. Also escaped from cultivation northward to

Massachusetts. Native of southeastern Europe and western Asia.

Taxodium Rich. (Family Pinaceae) baldcypress

fTaxodium Rich., Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Ann. 16: 298.

1810.

DERIVATION.—From Taxus, yew, and a suffix meaning like,

referring to the yewlike leaves.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 413

REFERENCE.—Henry, Augustine, and Mclntyre, Marion. The

swamp cypresses, Glyptostrobus of China and Taxodium of

America, with notes on allied genera, Roy. Irish Acad. Pro^.

Sect. B: Taxonomy 37: 90-116, illus. 1926.

*Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich, baldeypress

Taxodium distichum var. distichum baldeypress (typical)

Cupressus disticha L., Sp. PI. 1003. 1753. ÎTaxodium distichum (L.) Rich., Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat.

Ann. 16:298. 1810.

DERIVATION.—Two-ranked, the leaves being in two rows.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—common baldeypress (SPN), gulf cypress, red cypress (lumber), fsouthern cypress, tidewater red

cypress, white cypress (lumber), yellow cypress (lumber),

cypress. ^ ,,

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southern Delaware to southern

Florida, west to eastern and southeastern Texas, and north in

Mississippi Valley to southeastern Oklahoma, southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois, southwestern Indiana, western Kentucky,

and western Tennessee. Rare in southern New Jersey. Also along

Hudson River, N. Y., rare and perhaps introduced, according to

Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 9. 1933).

Taxodium distichum var. nutans (Ait.) Sweet fpondcypress

Cupressus disticha ß nutans Ait., Hort. Kew. S : 372. 1789.

Cupeussus disticha ß imbricaria Nutt., Gen. No. Amer. PL

2: 224. 1818.

Taxodium distichum ß nutans Sweet, Hort. Brit. 372. 1827.

fTaxodium ascendens Brongn., Ann. des Sei. Nat. 30: 182.

1833.

Taxodium microphyllum Brongn., Ann. des Sei. Nat. 30.182.

1833.

Taxodium distichum var. imbricarium (Nutt.) Groom, Cat.

PL New Bern N. G. 3048. 1837.

Taxodium imbricarium (Nutt.) R. M. Harper, Torrey Bot.

Club BuL 29: 383. 1902.

Taxodium ascendens var. nutans (Ait.) Rehd., Man. Cult.

Trees 25. 1927.

DERIVATION.—Nodding, described from a cultivated variation

with drooping branches.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—pond baldeypress (SPN), cypress.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to southern

Florida and southeastern Louisiana.

Pondcypress, which was accepted as a species in the 1927 Check List, is

perhaps better regarded as a variety of Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.,

since the differences seem minor and inconstant. The typical variety has a

more extensive range than does pondcypress.

Taxodium mucronatum Ten. Montezuma baldeypress

Taxodium mucronatum Ten., Ann. des Sei. Nat., Bot, Ser. 3,

19: 355. 1853,
414 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—Mucronate, or with a short, sharp point.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—sabino.

RANGE.—Southern and southwestern Texas. Also from northeastern Mexico (Coahuila southward) south to Guatemala, but

formerly not known to occur in the United States.

Closely related to Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich., baldcypress, to which

the trees from southern Texas formerly were referred. First distinguished in

the United States by Britton (N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 27: 205-207. 1926)

and by Cory and Parks (Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 550: 13. 1937).

Taxus L. (Family Taxaceae) yew

iTaxus L., Sp. PI. 1040. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 462. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name (Greek, taxos).

Taxus brevifolía Nutt. fPacîflc yew

fTaxMS brevifolia Nutt, No. Amer. Sylva 3: 86, pi. 108.

1849.

Taxus baccata L. var. a brevifolia (Nutt.) Koehne, Deuts.

Dendrol. 6. 1893.

DERIVATION.—Short-leaved ; that is, in comparison with Taxtis

baccata L., English yew.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^western yew, yew.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from extreme southeastern Alaska

south in western British Columbia, western Washington, western

Oregon, and northern California and in Sierra Nevada to central

California. Also in Rocky Mountain region from southeastern

British Columbia south to western Montana, northern Idaho,

eastern Washington, and northeastern Oregon.

Taxus floridana Nutt. tHorida yew

Taxus floridana Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 92. 1849; as

synonym.

iTaxus floridana Nutt. ex Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. 436. 1860.

DERIVATION.—Of Florida.

RANGE.—^Northwestern Florida (Gadsden and Liberty Counties) . Very rare and local.

REFERENCE.—Kurz, Herman. A new and remarkable habitat

for the endemic Florida yew. Torreya 27: 90-92. 1927.

TERMINALIA L. (Family Combretaceae) TERMINALIA

Adamaram Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 447. 1763 ; nomen rejicievr

dum.

Panel Adans., Fam. PI. 2: 447. 1763 ; nomen rejiciendum.

Terminalia L., Mant. PI. 1: 21. 1767 ; nomen conservandum.

DERIVATION.—Referring to the clustered terminal leaves at ends

of branches.

TERMINALIA CATAPPA L. INDIAN-ALMOND

Phytolacca ? javanica Osbeck, Dagbok Ostind. Resa 276.

1757. Not Terminalia javanica Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 1: 602.

1855.

Terminalia catappa L., Mant. PL 1: 128. 1767.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 415

DERIVATION.—^Aboriginal East Indian name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^tropical-almond terminalia (SPN),

West Indian almond.

RANGE.—Naturalized from cultivation in southern Florida including Florida Keys, according to Small (Fl. Southeast. U. S.

830. 1903; Man. Southeast. Fl. 933. 1933) and Britton and

Shafer (No. Amer. Trees 717. 1908). Also in West Indies and

continental tropical America. Native of East Indies and Oceania

and widely planted in tropical regions.

This genus and species were mentioned in a note in the 1927 Check List.

Tetrazygia L. C. Rich. (Family Melastomataceae) tetrazygia

fTetrazygm L. C. Rich, ex DC, Prodr. 3: 172. 1828.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, four yokes, referring to the fourparted flowers of the type species.

Tetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. Florida tetrazygia

Melastoma bicolor Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Melastoma No. 6.

1768.

fTetrazygia bicolor (Mill.) Cogn. in A. DC. & C. DC, Monogr.

Phan. V. 7 (Melastomaceae) : 724. 1891.

DERIVATION.—Two-colored, referring to the leaves, v/hich are

dark green on the upper surface and silvery white beneath.

RANGE.—Southern Florida (Dade County). Also in Bahamas

and Cuba.

THESPESIA Soland. (Family Malvaceae) THESPESIA

Thespesia Soland. ex Correa, Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Ann.

9: 290, pi. 25, fig. 1. 1807.

DERIVATION.—^From (Jreek, divine, or marvelous, presumably

because of the ornamental and other values of these trees.

THESPESIA POPULNEA (L.) Soland. PORTIATREE

Hibiscus populneus L., Sp. PI. 694. 1753.

^Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa, Paris Mus.

d^Hist. Nat. Ann. 9: 290, pi. 25, fig. 1. 1807.

DERIVATION.—Like Populus, or poplar, referring to the shape

of the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fseaside mahoe.

RANGE.—Naturalized in southern Florida, including Florida

Keys. Also in West Indies and widely distributed in tropical

America. Probably native in the Old World tropics.

Thrinax Sw. (Family Palmae) thatchpalm

fThrinax Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. Prodr. 57. 1788.

Simpsonia O. F. Cook, Science 85: 333. 1937 ; nomen illegitimum without Latin diagnosis.

DERIVATION.—From the Greek word for trident, or threepronged fork, under the apparent misapprehension that the word

means fan and is apropos for a plant with fan-shaped leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^peaberry-palm.
416 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 Ü. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

REFERENCE.—Bailey, L. H. Thrinax—the peaberry palms.

Gentes Herbarum 4: 129-149, illus. 1938.

Thrinax mîcrocarpa Sarg. brittle thatchpalm

-fThrinax microcarpa Sarg., Gard, and Forest 9: 162. 1896.

fThrinax keyensis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 27: 86. 1899.

Simpsonia microcarpa (Sarg.) O. F. Cook, Science 85: 333.

1937 ; nomen illegitimum.

DERIVATION.—Small-fruited, the fruits being only one-eighth

inch in diameter.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fsilvertop palmetto, brittle thatch,

fthatchpalm.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. Reported

also from Mexico (Yucatán) and British Honduras.

REFERENCE.—Small, John K. The brittle-thatch—Thrinax

microcarpa. N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 32: 1-6, illus. 1931.

Thrinax parviflora Sw. Jamaica thatchpalm

Thrinax parviflora Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. Prodr. 57. 1788.

fThrinax floridana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 27: 84. 1899.

•fThrinax wendlandiana Becc, Webbia 2: 265. 1907.

DERIVATION.—Small-flowered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—silktop palmetto, silktop thatch,

fthatchpalm, silktop thatchpalm.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

North Cat Cay of Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, and Haiti. Reported

also from Mexico (Yucatán) and British Honduras.

REFERENCE.—Small, John K. Silk-top thatch—Thrinax parviflora. N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 26: 49-54, illus. 1925.

The Florida palms, which were considered as two distinct species, were

united with Thrinax parviflora Sw., of the West Indies, by Small in the reference cited above.

Thuja L. (Family Pinaceae) thuja

^Thuja L., Sp. PI. 1002. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 435. 1754

(SL^''Thuya'').

Thuja sect. Biota D. Don in Lamb., Descr. Genus Pinus. Ed.

2, 2: 129. 1828 (not seen).

Biota (D. Don) Endl., Synops. Conif. 47. 1847.

DERIVATION.—From Greek thuia, an aromatic wood highly

prized in ancient times for choice, durable furniture and probably

a juniper.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—arborvitae (SPN).

Thuja occidehtalis L. fnorthern white-cedar

fThuja occidentalis L., Sp. PI. 1002. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Western, meaning of the Western Hemisphere.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—eastern arborvitae (SPN), arborvitae, swamp-cedar, eastern white-cedar, white-cedar.

RANGE.—Nova Scotia and Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec to Maine,

northern Ontario and southern Manitoba, south to northern and

eastern Minnesota, Wisconsin, northern lU&iois, Michigan, south-
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 417

ern New York, and Connecticut. Also local in northwestern

Indiana and southern Ohio and south locally in Appalachian

Mountains in western Pennsylvania, eastern West Virginia, western Virginia, northwestern North Carolina, and northeastern

Tennessee.

THUJA ORIENTALIS L. ORIENTAL ARBORVITAE

Thuja orientalis L., Sp. PL 1002. 1753.

Biota orientalis (L.) Endl., Synops. Conif. 47. 1847.

DERIVATION.—Eastern, referring to the Orient.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Chinese arborvitae.

RANGE.—Persistent about abandoned gardens and occasionally

spontaneous on the coast of Florida, though not extensively

naturalized, according to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 10. 1933).

A cultivated ornamental in eastern United States but native of

China and Korea.

Thuja plicata Donn fwestem redcedar

Thuja plicata Donn, Hort. Cantab. Ed. 4, 211. 1807; nomen

nudum.

-fThuja plicata Donn ex D. Don in Lamb., Descr. Genus Pinus

2: [19]. 1824 (not seen; seen in Ed. 2, 2: 114. 1828).

Thuja gigantea Nutt, Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. Jour. 7: 52.

1834.

DERIVATION.—Plicate, folded into plaits, perhaps suggested

by the flattened twigs with regularly arranged scalelike leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—giant arborvitae (SPN), arborvitae,

canoe-cedar, giant-cedar. Pacific redcedar, shinglewood.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from southern half of southeastern

Alaska southeast to western British Columbia, western Washington, western Oregon, and northwestern California. Also eastward

in Rocky Mountains from eastern Washington, northern Idaho,

and western Montana, north to southeastern British Columbia.

REFERENCE.—^Little, Elbert L., Jr. Amer. Jour. Bot. 31: 595.

1944.

Tilia L. (Family Tiliaceae) basswood

triiw L., Sp. PI. 514. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 230. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^linden (SPN), linn.

Much detailed field and experimental study of the genus Tilia, particularly of progeny tests, is needed. In 1891 Sargent (Silva No. Amer. 1: 49-

58, illus. 1891) accepted only 3 native species, Tilia americana L., T.

pubescens Ait., and T, heterophylla Vent. By 1922 Sargent (Man. Trees No.

Amer. Ed. 2, 732-749, illus. 1922) distinguished 15 native species and illustrated 3 of 12 named varieties. The main differences between these numerous additional species and varieties are in hairiness of leaves and twigs,

characters which vary among leaves on the same tree as well as according

to season. Besides being inconstant, these characters would not be of

specific rank in other genera of trees.

Authors of regional and State publications differ widely in their interpretations of Tilia. For example, Clair A. Brown (La. Trees Shrubs 180-

183, illus. 1945) recognized only 1 species in Louisiana. Fernald (Gray's

Man. Bot. Ed. 8. 999. 1950) in a tentative treatment distinguished 4 species
418 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

for the northeastern States, including 1 perhaps better united with another.

However, Benjamin Franklin Bush (in Small, Man. Southeast. FL 842-846,

illus. 1933) accepted 14 species for southeastern United States, while Coker

and Totten (Trees Southeast. States Ed. 3, 311-337, illus. 1945) described

and illustrated 13 species for a slightly smaller region.

In this tentative compilation four species are accepted and no varieties

are distinguished. The remaining names are grouped in synonymy, though

with some uncertainty. Perhaps a few more species may merit recognition,

though most trees and specimens probably can be placed satisfactorily in one

of these four species until a detailed study of the genus is made.

REFERENCES.—Ashe, W. W. Notes on Tilia. Torrey Bot. Club

Bui. 53: 27-33. 1926.

Bush, Benjamin Franklin. The glabrate species of Tilia. Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 54: 231-248. 1927.

Bush, Benjamin Franklin. Tilia L., pp. 842-846. In Small,

John Kunkel. Manual of the Southeastern Flora. 1554 pp., illus.

1933.

Coker, William Chambers, and Totten, Henry Roland. Trees

of the southeastern States. Ed. 3, 419 pp., illus. 1945. Tilia,

pp. 310-337, illus.

Fernald, Merritt Lyndon. Gray's Manual of Botany. Ed. 8.

1613 pp., illus. 1950. Tilia, p. 999.

Gleason, Henry A. New Britton & Brown Illus. Fl. Northeast.

U. S. Can. 3 v., illus. 1952. Tilia, 2: 523, illus.

Harrar, EUwood S., and Harrar, J. George. Guide to southern

trees. 712 pp., illus. 1946. Tilia, pp. 507-517, illus.

Sargent, C. S. Notes on North American trees. III. Tilia. Bot.

Gaz. 66: 421-438, 494-511. 1918.

Tilia alabamensis Ashe, see T. floridana Small

*Tilia americana L. American basswood

Tilia americana L., Sp. Pl. 514. 1753.

Í?Tilia neglecta Spach, Ann. des Sei. Nat., Bot., Ser. 2, 2:

341, pl. 15, fig. 4. 1834.

fTilia glabra Vent., An. Hist. Nat. [Madrid] 2: 62. 1800.

fTiliavenulosaSaYg,,BotGB.z. 66: 42S. 1918.

fTilia venulosa var. multinervis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 429.

1918.

ÎTilia glabra neglecta (Spach) Bush, Torrey Bot. Club Bul.

54: 238. 1927.

ÎTilia palmeri Bush ex F. C. Gates, Kans. Acad. Sei. Trans.

41: 100. 1938; nomen nudum,

?Tilia palmeri Bush ex F. C. Gates, Kans. Acad. Sei. Trans.

42: 135. 1939 [1940] ; as "F. C. Gates ex Bush.*'

DERIVATION.—American.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—American linden (SPN), fbasswood.

RANGE.—New Brunswick and Maine to southern Quebec, Ontario, northern Michigan, Minnesota, eastern North Dakota, and

southern Manitoba, south to northern and eastern. Nebraska and

eastern Kansas, and east to Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and

North Carolina.

REFERENCES.—Croizat, Leon. Is Tilia americana L. valid?

Torreya 37: 55-57. 1937.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 419

Rehder, Alfred. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 20: 421. 1939.

Tilia apposita Ashe, see T. heterophylla Vent.

Tilia ashei Bush, see T. floridana Small

Tilia australis Small, see T. floridana Small

Tilia caroliniana Mill. Carolina basswood

fTilia caroliniaTia MilU Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Tilia No. 4. 1768.

Tilia pubescens Ait, Hort. Kew. 2: 229. 1789.

-^Tilia caroliniana var. rhoophila Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 498.

1918.

ffTilia georgiana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 510. 1918.

^ÎTilia georgiana var. crinita Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 511. 1918.

f?Tilia phanera Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 501. 1918.

îfTilia phanera var. scabrida Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 502. 1918.

f?Tilia texana Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 500. 1918.

fTilia lata Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 53: 20. 1926.

Tilia caroliniana var. lata (Ashe) Ashe, Torreya 31: 39.

1931.

DERIVATION.—Of Carolina.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Carolina linden (SPN), fbasswood.

RANGE.—Coastal Piain from North Carolina to Georgia and

central Florida, and west to southwestern Arkansas, western

Louisiana, and eastern and central Texas.

Tilia cocksii Sarg., see T. floridana Small

Tilia creno-serrata Sarg., see T. floridana Small

Tilia ebúrnea Ashe, see T. heterophylla Vent.

*Tilia floridana Small Florida basswood

iTilia australis Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 761, 1335. 1903.

fTilia floridana Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 761, 1335. 1903.

Tilia alabamensis Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul. 14: 31. 1918.

^Tilia leucocarpa Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul. 14: 32. 1918

(Oct. 24).

fTilia cocksii Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 437. 1918.

fTilia crenO'Serrata Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 430. 1918.

Tilia floridana var. australis (Small) Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 435.

1918.

Tilia floridana var. oblongifolia Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 435.

1918.

iTilia floridana var. hypoleuca Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 436.

1918.

fîTilia littoralis Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 430. 1918.

fîTilia littoralis var. discolor Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 430. 1918.

Tilia nuda Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 425. 1918 (Nov. 15).

Tilia nuda var. brevipedunculata Sarg., Bot. Gaz/ 66: 427.

1918.

Tilia nuda var. glaucescens Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 427. 1918.
420 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

fTilia floridana alabamensis (Ashe) Ashe, Charleston Mus.

Quart. 1(2): 32. 1925.

Tilia hypoleuca Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart 1 (2) : 31. 1925.

fTilia porracea Ashe, Charleston Mus. Quart. 1 (2) : 31.

1925.

fTilia leucocarpa brevipedunculata (Sarg.) Sudw., U. S.

Dept. Agr. Misc. Cir. 92: 202. 1927.

iTilia leucocarpa glaucescens (Sarg.), Sudw., U. S. Dept.

Agr. Misc. Cir. 92: 201. 1927.

îTilia ashei Bush, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 54: 241. 1927.

Tilia alabamensis oblongifolia (Sarg.) Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club

Bui. 54: 248. 1927.

Tilia crenO'Serrata var. acuminata Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club

Bui. 55: 465. 1928.

Tilia leucocarpa var. cocksii (Sarg.) Ashe, Torreya 31: 39.

1931.

Tilia floridana var. porracea (Ashe) Coker & Totten, Trees

Southeast. States 331. 1937.

DERIVATION.—Of Florida.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Florida linden (SPN), fbasswood.

RANGE.—Southeastern Virginia and North Carolina to central

Florida, west to central Texas, and north to eastern Oklahoma and

Missouri. Doubtfully recorded from Kentucky. Also in northeastern Mexico (Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Chihuahua).

Tilia georgiana Sarg., see T. caroliniana Mill.

Tilia glabra Vent., see T. americana L.

Tilia heterophylla Vent, fwhite basswood

-fTilia heterophylla Vent, An. Hist. Nat. [Madrid] 2: 68.

1800.

Tilia trúncala Spach, Ann. des Sei. Nat., Bot., Ser. 2, 2: 342.

1834.

TiUa michauxii Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 92. 1843.

f Tilia ebúrnea Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 33: 231. 1902.

?Tilia apposita Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul. 13: 27. 1917.

Tilia teñera Ashe, Charleston Mus. Bul. 13: 27. 1917.

fTilia heterophylla var. amphiloba Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 507.

1918.

fTilia heterophylla var. michauxii (Nutt.) Sarg., Bot. Gaz.

66: 506. 1918.

fTilia heterophylla var. nivea Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 507. 1918.

ITilia lasioclada SsLYg., Bot Gaz. 6G: 502. 1918.

ÎTilia ebúrnea lasioclada (Sarg.) Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club

Bul. 53: 81. 1926.

"[Tilia montícola Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 66: 508. 1918.

Tilia heterophylla teñera Ashe, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 53: 30.

1926.

DERIVATION.—^Various-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^beetree linden (SPN),
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 421

RANGE.—New York and Pennsylvania to West Virginia, southwestern Ohio, southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and Missouri,

south to northern Arkansas, northeastern Mississippi, Alabama,

northwestern Florida, and Georgia.

Tilia hypoleuca Ashe, see T. floridana Small

Tilia, lasioclada Sarg., see T. heterophylla Vent.

Tilia lata Ashe, see T. caroliniana Mill.

Tilia leuGOcarpa Ashe, see T. floridana Small

Tilia littoralis Sarg., see T. floridana Small

Tilia michauxii Nutt., see T. heterophylla Vent.

Tilia monticola Sarg., see T. heterophylla Vent.

T'ilia neglecta Spach, see T. americana L.

Tilia nuda Sarg., see T. floridana Small

Tilia palmeri Bush, see T. americana L.

Tilia phanera Sarg., see T. caroliniana Mill.

Tilia porracea Ashe, see T. floridana Small

Tilia pubescens Ait., see T. caroliniana Mill.

Tilia teñera Ashe, see T. heterophylla Vent.

Tilia texana Sarg., see T. caroliniana Mill.

Tilia trv/ncata Spach, see T. heterophylla Vent.

Tilia venulosa Sarg., see T. americana L.

Torreya Arn. (Family Taxaceae) torreya

Torreya Arn. ex Torr, in Groom, Gat. PI. New Bern N. G. v.

1837; nomen provisorium.

Torreya Arn., Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 130. 1838; nomen conservandum. Not Torreya Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. 8:

356. 1818. Not Torreya Raf., Jour, de Phys. Ghim. Hist.

Nat. Arts 89: 105. 1819. Not Torreya Spreng., Neue Entd.

2: 121. 1821. Not Torreya Eaton, Eaton, Man. Bot. N.

Amer. Ed. 5, 420. 1829. Not Torreya Groom ex Meissn.,

Gen. 2: 340. 1843.

fTumion Raf., Amen. Nat. 63. 1840 ; nomen rejiciendum.

DERIVATION.—In honor of John Torrey (1796-1873), American

botanist of Golumbia University who first sent specimens of this

genus to its author.

Torreya ealifornica Torr. California torreya

Torreya californica Torr., N. Y. Jour. Pharm. 3: 51. 1854

(Feb. 3?).
422 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Torreya myristica Hook., Curtis' Bot. Mag. 80: No. 4780,

pi. 4780. 1854 (May 1).

fTumion californicum (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 195.

1891.

DERIVATION.—Of California.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fCalifornia-nutmeg.

RANGE.—Central California, rare in mountains.

Torreya taxifolia Arn. Florida torreya

Torreya taxifolia Am., Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 130. 1838.

-^Tumion taxifoliitm (Arn.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 194. 1891,

DERIVATION.—With leaves like Taxus, or yew-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fstinking-cedar.

RANGE.—Southwestern Georgia (Decatur County) and northwestern Florida (Gadsden, Liberty, and Jackson Counties), Rare

and local.

Torrubia Veil. (Family Nyctaginaceae) blolly

^Torrnhia Veil., Fl. Flum. 139. 1825.

DERIVATION.—In honor of José Torrubia, Spanish naturalist

of the eighteenth century.

Torrubia bracei Britton Brace blolly

Torrubia bracei Britton, Torrey Bot. Club. Bui. 31: 614.

1904.

DERIVATION.—Named for Lewis Jones Knight Brace, who collected the type with N. L. Britton in 1904.

RANGE.—Southern Florida including Florida Keys. Also in

Bahama Islands.

This species, a shrub or small tree of the Bahamas, was recorded also in

Florida by Small (Man. Southeast. FL 490. 1933).

Torrubia globosa Small roiindleaf blolly

Torrubia globosa Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 490, 1504.

1933.

DERIVATION.—Round, from the nearly spherical fruit.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys.

A species of small trees described after publication of the 1927 Check

List.

Torrubia longifolia (Heimerl) Britton longleaf blolly

Pisonia discolor y longifolia Heimerl in Urban, Bot. Jahrb.

21: 627. 1896.

fTorrubia longifolia (Heimerl) Britton, Torrey Bot. Club

BuL 31: 614. 1904.

Pisonia longifolia Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 314, fig. 251.

1905.

DERIVATION.—Longleaf.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fblolly.

RANGE.—Coasts of southern Florida north to Cape Canaveral,

and Florida Keys. Also in Bermuda and West Indies.

At one time this species was referred to Pisonia obtusata Jacq., of the

West Indies.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 423

Toxicodendroii Mill. (Family Anacardiaceae) poison-sumac

iRhus L., Sp. PL 265. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 129. 1754; in

part.

Toxicodendron Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 3.

1754.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, poison tree, referring to the toxic

secretion which produces irritation to the skin when touched.

REFERENCE.—See under Rhus L.

Toxicodendron Mill, was not segregated from Rhus L. in the 1927 Check

List. To this genus belong three other native poisonous species: T. radicans

(L.) Kuntze, poison-ivy; T. quercifolium (Michx.) Greene, poison-oak; and

T, diversilobum (Torr. & Gray) Greene, Pacific poison-oak.

Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze fpoison-sumac

fRhits vernix L., Sp. PL 265. 1753.

Rhus venenata DC, Prodr. 2: 68. 1825.

Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze, Rev, Gen. PL 1: 153.

1891.

DERIVATION.—^Varnish ; erroneously thought to be the Japanese

lacquer-tree, T. verniciflua (Stokes) Barkley.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—poison-dogwood, poison-elder.

RANGE.—Southern Maine to New York, extreme southern Quebec, southern Ontario, southern Michigan, southern Wisconsin,

and southeastern Minnesota, south to Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, and chiefly in Coastal Plain to Georgia and northwestern

Florida, and west to eastern Texas. Also local in eastern Tennessee.

Toxylon Raf., see Madura Nutt.

Trema Lour. (Family Ulmaceae) trema

fTrema Lour., FL Cochinch. 2: 562. 1790.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, hole, in reference to the pitted drupe

fruit.

Trema lamarekiana (Roem. & Schult.) Blume West Indies trema

Celtis lima Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 4: 140. 1797. Not

Celtis lima Sw., Nov. Gen. Sp. PL Prodr. 53. 1788.

Celtis lamarekiana Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veget. 6: 311.

1820.

Trema lamarekiana (Roem. & Schult.) Blume, Mus. Bot.

Lugd. Bat. 2: 58. 1853.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-

1829), French naturalist who first described this species.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

Bermuda and West Indies.

Mentioned in a note in the 1927 Check List.

Trema micrantha (L.) Blume Florida trema

Rhammis micranthm L,, Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 937. 1759.

Celtis mollis Humb, & BonpL ex Willd., Sp, PL Ed, 4, 4:

996. [1806.]
424 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Trema micrantha (L.) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 58.

1853. '

fTrema mollis (Humb. & Bonpl.) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat.

2: 58. 1853.

Trema floridana Britton in Small, FI. Southeast. U. S. S66,

1329. 1903.

Trema micrantha (L.) Blume var. floridana (Britton)

Standl. & Steyerm., Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 23: 40. 1944.

DERIVATION.—Small-flowered.

RANGE.—Central and southern Florida, including Florida Keys.

Also in West Indies, and from central Mexico (Veracruz to Sinaloa southward) south to Central America and South America.

Triadica Lour., see Sapium P. Br.

Tsuga (Endl.) Carr. (Family Pinaceae) hemlock

Pinus sect. Tsuga Endl., Synops. Conif. 83. 1847.

iTsuga (Endl.) Carr., Traité Gén. Conif. 185. 1855.

Tsuga [sect.] Hesperopeuce Engelm. in S. Wats., Bot. Calif.

2:121. 1879.

Hesperopeuce (Engelm.) Lemm., Calif. State Bd. Forestry

Rpt. 3: 111, 126, 128. 1890.

DERIVATION.—The Japanese name for the native hemlocks of

Japan.

REFERENCES.—^Van Campo-Duplan, M., and Gaussen, H. Sur

quatre hybrides de genres chez les Abiétinées. Soc. d'Hist. Nat.

Toulouse Bul. 84: 95-109, illus. 1949.

Flous, F. Révision du genre Tsuga. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse

Bul. 71: 315-450, illus, 1937. Preprinted as Lab. Forest. Toulouse

Trav. tome 2, v. 4, art. 3, 136 pp., illus. 1936.

Wyman, Donald. Simple foliage key to the hemlocks and

spruces. Arnoldia 3: 57-64. illus. 1943.

Tsuga Xjeffreyi (Henry) Henry (T. heterophylla X mertensiana), Jeffrey hemlock, is a cultivated hybrid.

Van Campo-Duplan and Gaussen, in the reference cited above, made new

combinations for the three new supposed intergeneric hybrids listed here.

Their ranges, if wild, were not stated. Unless these supposed hybrids have

been produced experimentally, their parentages would remain in doubt.

XTsugO'Picea hookeriana (A. Murr.) Van Campo & Gauss. (Tsuga hooheriana (A. Murr.) Carr.; Tsuga heterophylla X Picea sitchensis (Bong.)

Carr.), page 103.

XTsugo-Piceo-Picea crassîfolia (Flous) Van Campo & Gauss. (Tsuga

crassifolia Flous; xTsugo-Picea hookeriana (A, Murr.) Van Campo & Gauss.

X Picea engelmannii Parry), page 104.

XTsugO'Piceo-Tsuga jeffreyi (Henry) Van Campo & Gauss. (Tsuga jeffreyi (Henry) Henry; xTsugo-Picea hookeriana (A. Murr.) Van Campo &

Gauss. X Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), page 106.

Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. feastern hemlock

Pinus canadensis L., Sp. PL Ed. 2, 1421. 1763.

fTsuga canadensis (L.) Carr., Traité Gén. Conif. 189. 1855.

DERIVATION.—Of Canada.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Canada hemlock (SPN), hemlock,

hemlock spruce.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 425

RANGE.—Nova Scotia to Maine, southern Quebec, southern

Ontario, northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and eastern Minnesota,

south to Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, and Maryland, and in mountains to northern Georgia and northern Alabama.

REFERENCE.—Rehder, Alfred. The name of the hemlock spruce.

Rhodora 17: 59-62. 1915.

Tsuga crassifolia Flous, see T. mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.

Tsuga carolinîana Engelm. fCarolina hemlock

fTsuga caroliniana Engelm., Bot. Gaz. 6: 223. 1881.

DERIVATION.—Of Carolina.

RANGE.—Appalachian Mountains in southwestern Virginia,

western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, western South Carolina, northern Georgia.

*Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. fwestern hemlock

Abies heterophylla Raf., Atl. Jour. 1: 119. 1832.

fTsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 12: 73,

pi. 605. 1898.

DERIVATION.—-Various-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Pacific hemlock (SPN), west coast

hemlock (lumber).

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from southern Alaska (Kenai

Peninsula) southeast through southeastern Alaska and western

British Columbia, and from western Washington south to northwestern California. Also east to mountains of southeastern British Columbia, western Montana, and northern Idaho.

Formerly known as Tsuga mertensiana, a name which belongs instead to

mountain hemlock.

Tsuga hookeriana (A. Murr.) Carr., see T. mertensiana (Bong.)

Carr.

Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. fmountain hemlock

Pinus mertensiana Bong., Acad. Imp. Sei. St. Pétersbourg

Mém., Ser. 6, Sei. Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 163. 1832.

Abies hookeriana A. Murr., Edinb. New Phil. Jour., New Ser.

1: 289, pl. 9, figs. 11-17. 1855.

Tsuga hookeriana (A. Murr.) Carr., Traité Gén. Conif. Ed.

2, 252. 1867.

fTsuga mertensiann (Bong.) Carr., Traité Gén. Cîonif. Ed.

2, 250. 1867 ; as to name but not as to description.

Hesperopeuce mertensiana (Bong.) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club.

Bul. 39: 100. 1912.

Tsuga crassifolia Flous, Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 69:

412, pi. 1936. Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 2, v.

2, art. 15: 4, pi. 1936.

XTsugO'Picea hookeriana (A. Murr.) Van Campo & Gauss.,

Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 84: 103. 1949; as Tsuga

heterophylla X Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.

XTsugo-Piceo-Picea crassifolia (Flous) Van Campo &

Gauss., Soc. d'Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 84: 104. 1949; as
426 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

TsugO'Picea hookeriana (A. Murr.) Van Campo & Gauss.

X Picea engelmannii Parry.

DERIVATION.—Named for Karl Heinrich Mertens (1796T-1830),

German naturalist and physician, who discovered it at Sitka,

Alaska.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^black hemlock.

RANGE.—Pacific coast region from southern Alaska (Cook Inlet) southeast through southeastern Alaska and western British

Columbia, and from western Washington to northern California

and in Sierra Nevada to central California and western Nevada.

Also east to mountains of southeastern British Columbia, western

Montana, northern Idaho, and northeastern Oregon.

Tulipastrum Spach, see Magnolia L.

Tumion Raf., see Torreya Arn.

Ulmus L. (Family Ulmaceae) elm

tZ7im2^s L., Sp. PI. 225. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 106. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name.

REFERENCE.—^Wyman, Donald. Elms grown in America.

Arnoldia 11: 79-93, illus. 1951.

Ulmus alata Michx. twinged elm

fUlmus alata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 173. 1803.

DERIVATION.—^Winged, from the corky wings on the twigs.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—cork elm, wahoo.

RANGE.—^Virginia to Kentucky, southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and Missouri, and south to central Oklahoma, and eastern

and southeastern Texas, and east to central Florida.

Ulmus americana L. fAmerican elm

Ulmus americana var. americana American elm (typical)

fUlmus americana L., Sp. PI. 226. 1753.

DERIVATION.—^American.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—soft elm (lumber), water elm, white

elm (lumber).

RANGE.—Newfoundland and Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec west

to Ontario, southern Manitoba, and eastern Saskatchewan, south

to North Dakota, southeastern Montana, western Nebraska,.western Oklahoma, and central Texas, and east to central Florida.

Ulmus americana var. floridana (Chapm.) Little Florida elm

Ulmus floridana Chapm., Fl. Southeast. U. S. 416. 1860.

Ulmus americana var. floridana (Chapm.) Little, Phytologia

4:306. 1953.

DERIVATION.—Of Florida.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from eastern North Carolina to central

Florida.

Florida elni, which has been accepted as a species by ^me authors and

regarded as a synonym of Ulmus americana L. in the 1927 Check List and by

other authors, is here placed as a variety of the latter.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 427

Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. fcedar elm

'fUlmus crassifolia Nutt., Amer. Phil. See. Trans., New Ser.

5: 169. 1837.

DERIVATION.—Thick-leaved.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^basket elm, red ehn, southern rock

elm.

RANGE.—Southwestern Tennessee, Arkansas, and southern

Oklahoma, south to central and southern Texas, Louisiana, and

western Mississippi. Also in northeastern Mexico (Nuevo León).

Ulmus floridana Chapm., see U. americana var. floridana

(Chapm.) Little

Ulmus fulva Michx., see U, rubra Mühl.

Ulmus parvifolia Jacq., see note under U. pumila L.

Ulmus pubescens Walt., see U. rubra Mühl.

ULMUS PUMILA L. SIBERIAN ELM

Ulmus pumila L., Sp. PL 226. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Dwarf.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^Asiatic elm, dwarf elm, dwarf Asiatic

elm, Pekin elm.

RANGE.—Naturalized from Minnesota to Kansas, according to

Fernald (Gray's Man. Bot. Ed. 8, 552. 1950). Native from

Turkestan to eastern Siberia and northern China.

This species is widely grown in central and western United States for

shelterbelts and shade. It is erroneously called Chinese ehn, which is the common name of Ulmus parvifolia Jacq., an autumn-flowering species.

Ulmus racemosa Thomas, see U. thomasii Sarg.

Ulmus rubra Mühl. * fslippery elm

Ulmus americana Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 156. 1785. Not

Ulmus americana L., Sp. PI. 226. 1753.

Wlmus pubescens Walt., Fl. Carol 112. 1788.

Ulmus rubra Mühl., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. 3: 165. 1793.

^Ulmus fulva Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 172. 1803.

DERIVATION.—^Red, referring to the rusty or reddish brown

buds.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—gray elm, red elm, soft elm (lumber).

RANGE.—Southwestern Maine (formerly?) and New Hampshire to southern Quebec, Ontario, northern Michigan, Wisconsin,

central Minnesota, and eastern North Dakota, south to central

Nebraska, western Oklahoma, and central and southeastern

Texas, and east to central Georgia. Also local in northwestern

Florida.

REFERENCE.—Fernald, M. L. Rhodora 47: 132, 203-204.

1945.

This species was generally known as Ulmus fulva Michx. until an obscure,

unused, older name was revived by Fernald in 1945.
428 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Ulmus serótina Sarg. September elm

Ulmus serótina Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 27: 92. 1899.

DERIVATION.—Late, referring to the autumnal flowers in contrast to the spring flowers of most species of the genus.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—red elm.

RANGE.—Kentucky and southern Illinois, south to Tennessee

northern Alabama, and northwestern Georgia. Also in Arkansas

and eastern Oklahoma.

Ulmus thomasii Sarg. frock elm

-fUlmus racemosa Thomas, Amer. Jour. Sei. and Arts 19:170,

figs. 1-5. 1831. Not U. racemosa Borkh., Theor.-prakt.

Handb. Forstbot. 1: 851. 1800.

Ulmus thomasi Sarg., Silva No. Amer. 14: 102. 1902.

DERIVATION.—For its discoverer, who first named it, David

Thomas (1776-1859), American civil engineer and horticulturist.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—cork elm.

RANGE.—^Western Vermont to extreme southern Quebec, southern Ontario, central Michigan, Wisconsin, central Minnesota,

and southeastern South Dakota, south to northern and eastern

Nebraska and eastern Kansas, east to Missouri and Tennessee,

and northeast to Ohio and New York. Local in northwestern

Arkansas.

Umbellularia (Nees) Nutt. (Family Lauraceae)

California-laurel

Oreodaphne Subg. Umbellularia Nees, Syst. Laur. 381, 462.

1836; as ''Umbellaria" on p. 381.

^Umbellularia (Nees) Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 1: 87. 1843.

DERIVATION.—From Latin umbellula, a small umbrella, or small

umbel, describing the inflorescence.

Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. California-laurel

Tetranthera ? californica Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy.

159. 1833.

^Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt., No. Amer.

Sylva 1:87. 1843.

Umbellularia californica var. fresnensis Eastwood, Leafl.

West. Bot. 4: 166. 1945.

DERIVATION.—Of CaHfornia, where it was discovered.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—-fOregon-myrtle, Pacific-myrtle,

pepperwood, spice-tree.

RANGE.—Southwestern Oregon and south in Coast Ranges and

Sierra Nevada to southern California.

Ungnadia Endl. (Family Sapindaceae) Mexican-buckeye

iUngnadia Endl., Atakta Bot. pi. 36. 1833; plate without

description. Endl., Nov. Stirp. Dec. 75. 1839.

Ungnadia Endl. ex Torr. & Gray, Fl. No. Amer. 1: 253.

1838; as "Ungnodia/' corrected to "Ungnxidia" on p. 684

(1840).
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 429

DERIVATION.—In commemoration of Baron Ferdinand von

Ungnad, Austrian ambassador at Constantinople, who introduced

horsechestnut into western Europe in 1576 by sending seeds to

Vienna.

Ungnadia speciosa Endl. Mexican-buckeye

-fUngnadia speciosa Endl., Atakta Bot. pi. 36. 1833; plate

without description. Endl., Nov. Stirp. Dec. 75. 1839.

DERIVATION.—Showy, referring to the flowers.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—New-Mexican-buckeye, tSpanishbuckeye.

RANGE.—Southeastern and southern Texas to Edwards Plateau

and Trans-Pecos Texas and southern New Mexico. Also in northern Mexico (Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Chihuahua).

Vaccinium L. (Family Ericaceae) blueberry

•fVaccinium L., Sp. PL 349. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 166.

1754.

Batodendron Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans., Ser. 2, 8: 261.

1843.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name of one of the Old

World species, possibly the cowberry, Vaccinium vitisAdaea L.,

alluding to the fondness of the domestic cow (vacca) for the fruit.

REFERENCE.-—Camp, W. H. The North American blueberries

with notes on other groups of Vacciniaceae. Brittonia 5: 203-

275, illus. 1945.

Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. tree sparkleberry

'\Vaccinium arboreum Marsh., Arbustr. Amer. 157. 1785.

Batodendron arboreum (Marsh.) Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc.

Trans., Ser. 2, 8: 26L 1843.

Batodendron glaucescens Greene, Pittonia 3: 326. 1898.

Batodendron andrachneforme Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 893,

1336. 1903.

Vaccinium arborescens var. glaucescens (Greene) Sarg.,

Arnold Arboretum Jour. 2: 167. 1921; by error for

^'arboreum.'^

fVaccinium arboreum VBT. glaucescens (Greene) Sarg., Man.

Trees No. Amer. Ed. 2, 803. 1922.

DERIVATION.—Treelike; the only native species of the genus

reaching tree size.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^farkleberry (SPN), sparkleberry,

ftree-huckleberry, winter-huckleberry.

RANGE.—Southeastern Virginia west to Kentucky, southern

Indiana, southern Illinois, Missouri, and extreme southeastern

Kansas, south to eastern Oklahoma, Edwards Plateau of Texas,

and central Florida.

Vauquelinia Correa (Family Rosaceae) vauquelinia

iVauquelinia Correa ex Humb. & Bonpl., PI. Aequin. 1: 140,

pi. 40. 1808.
430 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—In honor of Louis Nicholas Vauquelin (1763-

1829), French chemist.

Vauquelinia californiea (Torr.) Sarg. Torrey vauquelinia

Spiraea californiea Torr, in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconn. Ft.

Leav. Calif. 139. 1848.

^Vauquelinia californiea (Torr.) Sarg., Gard, and For. 2:

400. 1889.

DERIVATION.—Of California, named when boundaries were

indefinite; however, this species was discovered in Arizona and

is not native in California.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—^Arizona-rosewood.

RANGE.—Mountains of southern Arizona, including Guadalupe

Mountains in southeastern corner. Also in Sonora and Lowei:

California, Mexico. A report from extreme southwestern New

Mexico has been found to refer to a locality across the State line

in Arizona.

Viburnum L. (Family Caprifoliaceae) ^ viburnum

IfViburnum L., Sp. PI. 267. 1753; Gen. PI. Ed. 5, 129.

1754.

DERIVATION.—The classical Latin name of the wayfaringtree.

Viburnum lantana L., of Eurasia, a shrub or tree long cultivated

in southeastern Canada and northeastern United States and

occasionally escaped.

The hybrid -fViburnum Xjackii Rehd. (F. lentago X prunifolium) is omitted here, because it is a shrub known only in

cultivation.

Viburnum bushii Ashe, see V. prunifolium L.

Viburnum corymbosum (Mill.) Rehd., see note under V.

obovatum Walt.

Viburnum Xjaekii Rehd., see note under Viburnum L.

Viburnum lantana L., see note under Viburnum L.

Viburnum lentago L. fnannyberry

iVibumum lentago L., Sp. PL 268. 1753.

DERIVATION.—An obscure old plant name for some species of

Viburnum, probably the laurestinus, V. tinus L.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^nannyberry viburnum (SPN), blackhaw, sheepberry, sweet viburnum.

RANGE.—^Western Quebec to Manitoba, south to North Dakota,

Iowa, northeastern Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and

New Jersey, and south in mountains to Virginia, North Carolina,

and Georgia. Also in Black Hills of South Dakota and local in

Wyoming and Colorado.

Viburnum nashii Small, see V. obovatum Walt.

Viburnum nudum L. possumhaw viburnum

Viburnum nudum L., Sp. PI. 268. 1753.
CHECaC LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 4SI

Viburnum nudum ß angustifolium Torr. & Gray, FL No.

Amer. 2: 14. 1841.

DERIVATION.—Naked, from the stalked, leafless inflorescence.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—possumhaw.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, chiefly, from Connecticut south to central Florida and eastern Texas, and north in Mississippi Valley

to Arkansas, Tennessee, and Kentucky.

Usually a shrub. Rarely a tree up to 20 feet high and 8 inches in diameter,

according to Sargent (Man. Trees No. Amer. Ed. 2, 888. 1922), and other

authors.

Viburnum obovatum Walt. Walter viburnum

^Viburnum obovatum Walt., Fl. Carol. 116. 1788.

Viburnum nashii Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 1123, 1388.

1903.

DERIVATION.—Obovate, referring to the shape of the leaves.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^blackhaw, small-leaved viburnum.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from South Carolina south to southern

and northwestern Florida. Also reported from southeastern

Virginia.

REFERENCE.—Duncan, Wilbur H. Synonymy in Viburnum

obovatum and V. cassinpides. Rhodora 52: 179-183. 1950.

Duncan has shown that Viburnum corymbosum (Mill.) Rehd. (Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 3: 214. 1922; Dec. 28), taken up by Rehder for this species,

is a later homonym of V. corymbosum Urban (Repert. Spec. Novarum Regni

Veg. 18: 121. 1922; Aug. 15 [Oct.?]) of Cuba and also a synonym of V,

cassinoides L., witherod viburnum, a shrubby species of eastern United States

and Canada.

Viburnum prunifolium L. fblackhaw

fViburnum prunifolium L., Sp. PI. 268. 1753.

Viburnum bushii Ashe, Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. Jour. 40:

48. 1924.

Viburnum prunifolium var. bushii (Ashe) Palmer &

Steyerm., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 651. 1935.

DERIVATION.—^With leaves like Prunus, or plum.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—blackhaw viburnum (SPN), stagbush, sweethaw.

RANGE.—Connecticut and New York to Ohio, southern Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, and eastern Kansas, south to northeastern

Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee, Georgia, and South Carolina.

Viburnum rufidulum Raf. fi^sty blackhaw

-^Viburnum rufidulum Raf., Alsogr. Amer. 56. 1838.

Viburnum rufotomentosum Small, Torrey Bot. Club Bui. 23 :

410. 1896.

Viburnum rufidulum var. floridanum Ashe, Elisha Mitchell

Sei. Soc. Jour. 40: 47. 1924.

Viburnum rufidulum var. margarettae Ashe, Elisha Mitchell

Sei. Soc. Jour. 40: 47. 1924.

DERIVATION.—Reddish, because of the rusty colored hairy covering of young leaves and twigs.
432 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—rusty blackhaw viburnum (SPN),

blackhaw, southern blackhaw, rusty nannyberry, southern nannyberry.

RANGE.—Virginia to Kentucky, southern Ohio, southern Illinois,

Missouri, and southeastern Kansas, south to southwestern Oklahoma and central Texas, and east to central Florida.

Viburnum rufotomentosum Small, see V, rufidulum Raf.

Wallia Alef., see Juglans L.

Washingtonia H. Wendl, (Family Palmae) washingtonia

fWashingtonia H. Wendl., Bot. Ztg. 37: 68, 148. 1879;

nomen conservandum. Not Washingtonia Raf., Amer.

Monthly Mag. 2: 176. 1818. Not Washingtonia Winslow,

Calif. Farmer 2: 58. 1854; nom. provisor,

Neowashingtonia Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forestry Bui.

14: 105. 1897 ; nomen rejiciendum.

DERIVATION.—Dedicated to President George Washington

(1732-99).

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Washington-palm (SPN), Californiapalm.

REFERENCES.—^Bailey, L. H. Washingtonia. Gentes Herbarum

4: 51-82, illus. 1936.

Benson, Lyman. Washingtonia. Amer. Jour. Bot. 30: 233-234.

1943.

Washingtonia filifera (Linden) H. Wendl. California washingtonia

Pritchardia filifera Linden ex André, Illus. Hort. 21: 27, 28.

1874; 24: 32-34, fig., 105-107, fig. 1877; nomen subnudum?

Pritchardia filamentosa Fenzi, R. Soc, Toscana Ort. Bul. 1 :

116, fig. 1876 (nomen subnuduml; not seen).

Pritchardia filifera (Linden) H. WendL, Bot. Ztg. 37: 65.

1879.

Washingtonia filifera H. Wendl. ex S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2:

211. 1880.

^Washingtonia filamentosa (H. Wendl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen.

PL 737. 1891.

Washingtonia arizonica 0. F. Cook, Yuma (Ariz.) Morning

Sun, Dec. 5, 1923 ; nom. provisor, (not seen).

Washingtonia arizonica O. F. Cook ex M. E. Jones, Contrib.

West. Bot. 15: 49, 50. 1929 ; as synonym.

DERIVATION.—Thread-bearing, referring to the threadlike

fibers of the frayed leaf edges.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—California Washington-palm (SPN),

fCalifornia-palm, desert-palm, fan-palm, California fan-palm.

RANGE.—Canyons of desert mountains in southwestern Arizona

(Kofa Mountains, Yuma County), southeastern California (San

Bernardino, Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial Counties), and

northern Lower California, Mexico.

Xanthoxylum Mill., see Zanthoxylum L.

Ximenia L. (Family Olacaceae) tallowwood
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 433

iXimenia L., Sp. PL 1193. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 500.

1754.

DERIVATION.—In commemoration of Francisco Ximenez,

Spanish-born missionary and naturalist of Mexico who published

a book on the plants and animals of Mexico in 1615.

Ximenia americana L. ttallowwood

-fXimenia americana L., Sp. PL 1193. 1753.

RANGE.—Northern to southern Florida and Florida Keys.

Widely distributed on shores of tropical and subtropical regions

in West Indies, from central Mexico (Veracruz and Colima

southward) south to Central America and South America, and in

Africa, Asia, Australia, and islands of south Pacific Ocean.

DERIVATION.—American.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—hog-plum.

Xolisma Raf., see Lyonia Nutt.

Yucca L. (Family Liliaceae) yucca

Yucca L., Sp. PL 319. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 150. 1754.

CUstoyucca (Engelm.) TreL, Mo. Bot. Gard. Rpt. 13. 41.

1902.

Samuela TreL, Mo. Bot. Gard. Rpt. 13: 116. 1902.

DERIVATION.—From yuca, the Carib Indian name of the root

of Manihot, cassava, misapplied to this genus.

REFICRENCE,—McKelvey, Susan D. Yuccas of the southwestern

United States, pt. 1, 150 pp., illus. 1938; pt. 2, 192 pp., illus.

1947.

Yucca aloifolia L. aloe 3nLicca

iYucca aloifolia L., Sp. PL 319. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Aloe-leaved, the leaves resembling those of the

genus Aloe.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fSpanish bayonet.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain, chiefly in coastal dunes and mounds,

from North Carolina to northern Florida and eastern Louisiana.

Also in West Indies and southeastern Mexico (Veracruz to

Yucatán).

Yucca arborescens (Torr.) TreL, see Y. brevifolia Engelm.

Yucca brevifolia Engelm. tJoshua-tree

Yucca draconis L. var. arborescens Torr., U. S. Rpt. Expl.

Surv. Miss. Pacif. 4(5) : 147. 1857.

fYucca brevifolia Engehn. in S. Wats., King Rpt. U. S. Geol.

ExpL 40th Par. 5: 496. 1871.

Yucca arborescens (Torr.) TreL, Mo. Bot Gard. Rpt. 3:

163, pis. 5, 49. 1892; nomen provisorium.

Yucca arborescens (Torr.) Cov. in Merriam, No. Amer.

Fauna 7: 353, pL 13. 1893 (May 31).

CUstoyucca brevifolia (Engelm.) Rydb., FL Rocky Mts. 170,

1061. 1917.
434 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Yucca brevifolia var. jaegeriana McKelvey, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 16: 269, pi. 139. 1935 (April 24).

Yucca brevifolia var. wolfei M. E. Jones, Contrib. West. Bot.

18: 125. 1935 (April) ; without Latin diagnosis.

DERIVATION.—Short-leaved, the leaves being shorter than in

other species of Yucca.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Joshua-tree yucca (SPN).

RANGE.—Mohave Desert in southwestern Utah, southern

Nevada, southern California, and western Arizona.

Yucca carnerosana (Trel.) McKelvey Carneros yucca

Samuela carnerosana Trel., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 13 :

118, pis. 76-81, 85 fig. 12, pi. 87, fig. 2. 1902.

Yucca carnerosana (Trel.) McKelvey, Yuccas Southwest. U.

S. 1: 24, pis. 6-7. 1938.

DERIVATION.—From Carneros, Coahuila, Mexico, where this

species is well displayed.

RANGE.—Trans-Pecos Texas (Brewster County) and northeastern Mexico (Coahuila and Chihuahua, south to Durango and

San Luis Potosí).

This Mexican species has been recorded from Brewster County, southwestern Texas, by Cory (West Tex. Hist. Soc. Bui. 33: 34. 1930), Cory and

Parks (Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 550: 32. 1938), McKelvey (Yuccas Southwest. U. S. 24-27, pis. 6, 7. 1938), and others. It becomes a small tree 10

to 16 feet or more in height, but usually is smaller. Very closely related to

Yucca faxoniana Sarg.

Yucca constricta Buckley, see note under Y. data Engelm.

Yucca elata Engelm. soaptree yucca

Yucca angustifolia var. ß radiosa Engelm. in S. Wats., King

Rpt. Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 497. 1871.

Yucca angustifolia var. ß elata Engelm., Acad. Sei. St. Louis

Trans. 3: 50. 1873.

fYucca elata Engelm., Bot. Gaz. 7: 17. 1882.

Yucca radiosa (Engelm.) Trel., Mo. Bot. Gard. Rpt. 3: 163.

1892; nom. provis.

Yucca verdiensis McKelvey, Yuccaö Southwest. U. S. 2: 98,

pi. 35. 1947.

DERIVATION.—Elevated, or tall.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—palmilla, fsoapweed, amole, jabonilla.

RANGE.—^Trans-Pecos Texas, northwest to central New Mexico

and central and western Arizona. Also in northern Mexico

(Sonora, Coahuila, and Chihuahua).

At one time this species was referred to Yucca constricta Buckley, of

Texas.

Yucca faxoniana Sarg. Faxon yucca

Samuela faxoniana Trel., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt. 13: 117,

pis, 73^75, 82, 85, fig. 11. 1902.

1i Yucca faxoniana Sarg., Man. Trees No. Amer. 121, fig. 106,

1905.

DERIVATION.—In honor of Charles Edward Faxon (1846-1918),
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 435

artist of Sargent's Silva of North America, who made excellent

drawings of it under the name Yucca macrocarpa.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fSpanish bayonet, Spanish dagger.

RANGE.—Western Trans-Pecos Texas. Probably also in northern Mexico (Chihuahua).

Yucca gloriosa L. moundlily yucca

fYucca gloriosa L., Sp. PI. 319. 1753.

DERIVATION.—Glorious.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Spanish bayonet, fSpanish dagger.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain in coastal dunes and beaches from

North Carolina to Florida.

Yucca macrocarpa Cov., see Y. torreyi Shafer

Yucca mohavensis Sarg. fMohave 3rucca

Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies, Gartenflora 20: 110.

1871 ; nomen suhnudum.

-fYucca mohavensis Sarg., Gard, and Forest 9: 104. 1896.

DERIVATION.—From Mohave Desert, Calif., the type locality.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—Spanish dagger.

RANGE.—Mohave desert in northwestern Arizona, southeastern

Nevada, southern California, and northern Lower California,

Mexico.

Yucca radiosa (Engelm.) Trel., see Y. data Engelm.

Yucca rostrata Engelm. beaked yucca

Yucca rostrata Engelm. ex Trel., Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. Rpt.

13: 68, pis. 36, 40-42, 84. 1902.

DERIVATION.—Beaked, referring to the long pointed apex of the

fruit.

RANGE.—^Trans-Pecos Texas (Brewster County) and northeastern Mexico (Coahuila).

This species of northern Mexico was recorded from Texas by Cory and

Parks (Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 550: 32. 1938). It becomes a small tree

with a trunk as much as 10 to 12 feet high, though the usual height is less.

Yucca schidigera Roelz, see Y. mohavensis Sarg.

Yucca schottii Engelm. Schotts yucca

fYucca schottii Engelm., Acad Sei. St. Louis Trans. 3: 46.

1873.

DERIVATION.—^Named for Arthur Carl Victor Schott (1814-75),

German-born naturalist with the United States and Mexican

Boundary Survey, who discovered the species in 1855.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fSpanish bayonet, Spanish dagger,

yuca, hoary yucca, mountain yucca.

RANGE.—Extreme southwestern New Mexico (Hidalgo County),

southeastern Arizona, and northern Mexico (Sonora).

Yucca torreyi Shafer Torrey yucca
t36 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Yucca baccata Torr. var. macrocarpa Torr., U. S. Mex.

Bound. Surv. Bot. 222. 1859.

Yucca macrocarpa Cov. in Merriam, No. Amer. Fauna 7:

358, pi. 14. 1893 (May 31). Not Y. macrocarpa Engelm.,

Bot. Gaz. 6: 224. 1881.

fYucca torreyi Shafer in Britton & Shafer, No. Amer. Trees

157, fig. 117. 1908.

DERIVATION.—Named for John Torrey (1796-1873), American

botanist who in 1859 distinguished this species as a new variety.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^tSpanish bayonet, Spanish dagger,

palma.

RANGE.—Southwestern Texas including Trans-Pecos Texas to

southeastern New Mexico, and northern Mexico (Chihuahua and

Coahuila south to Zacatecas and Durango).

Yucca treculeana Carr. Trecul yucca

-^Yucca treculeana Carr., Rev. Hort. [Paris] Ser. 4, 7: 580.

1858.

Yucca treculeana var. succulenta McKelvey, Yuccas Southwest. U. S. 1: 80, pis. 37-39. 1938.

DERIVATION.—Named for Auguste Adolph Lucien Trécul (1818-

96), French botanist who collected the type in 1850 on a visit

to North America on behalf of the French Government.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fSpanish bayonet, Spanish dagger.

RANGE.—South central and southern Texas and northeastern

Mexico (Nuevo León and Tamaulipas).

Yucca verdiensis McKelvey, see Y. elata Engelm.

Zanthoxylum L. (Family Rutaceae) prickly-ash

Zanthoxylum L., Sp. PI. 270. 1753; Gen. PL Ed. 5, 130.

1754.

Fagara Duhamel, Traité Arb. Arbust. 1: 229, pi. 97. 1755.

Pterota P. Br., Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 146, pi. 5, fig. 1.

1756.

Fagara L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 897. 1759. Norn, conserv.

propos., Reeder & Cowan, 1950.

"^Xanthoxylum Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8.1768. Nom. conserv.

propos., Reeder & Cowan, 1950.

DERIVATION.—From Greek, yellow and wood, referring to the

color of the wood.

REFERENCES.—^Reeder, John R., and Cheo, Shuh-yuen. Arnold

Arboretum Jour. 32: 67. 1951.

Rehder, Alfred. Arnold Arboretum Jour. 26: 71-73. 1945.

The orthographically correct, variant spelling Xanthoxylum, used in the

1927 Check List and other references is here replaced by Linnaeus' original

spelling, as required under the International Code.

Zanthoxylum amerîcanum Mill. common prickly-ash

Zanthoxylum americanum Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8,

Zanthoxylum No. 2. 1768 ; as "Xanthoxylum."
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 437

DERIVATION.—^American.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—northern prickly-ash, toothache-tree.

RANGE.—Southwestern Quebec and Ontario west to Minnesota

and eastern North Dakota, south to eastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma, and east to Alabama, Georgia, and southwestern Virginia.

Usually a shrub but sometimes a small tree up to 25 feet high, according

to Britton and Brown (Illus. Fl. North. States. Ed. 2, 2: 444, fig. 2691.

1913) and other authors.

Zanthoxylum carolinianum var. fruticosum A. Gray, see Z.

clava-herculis var. fruticosum (A. Gray) S. Wats.

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L, fHercuIes-club

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis var, clava-herculis

Hercules-club (typical)

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L., Sp. PL 270. 1753; as "Clava

herculis."

Zanthoxylum macrophyllum Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 10.

1849.

Pagara clava-herculis (L.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 675,

1333. 1903.

DERIVATION.—Hercules club, from the spiny branches.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—Hercules-club prickly-ash (SPN),

southern prickly-ash, toothache-tree,

prickly-ash, toothache-tree.

RANGE.—Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to southern

Florida and eastern Texas, and north to southeastern Oklahoma

and southern Arkansas.

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis var. fruticosum (A. Gray) S. Wats.

Zanthoxylum carolinianum "var. fruticosum" A. Gray, PI.

Wright 1: 30. 1852.

Zanthoxylum carolinianum var. fruticosum A. Gray in

Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. 66. 1860.

^Zanthoxylum clava-herculis var. fruticosum (A. Gray) S.

Wats., Bibl. Index No. Amer. Bot. 1: 156. 1878.

Pagara fruticosa (A. Gray) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 675,

1333. 1903.

DERIVATION.—Shrubby.

COMMON NAME.—Texas Hercules-club prickly-ash (SPN).

RANGE.—^Western Texas.

Zanthoxylum coriaceum A. Rich. Biscayne prickly-ash

^Zanthoxylum coriaceum A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol.

Nat. Cuba [v. 12] Bot. PI. Vase. (Ess. Fl. Cub.) 326, pi.

34. 1842 [1843?]; later homonym {1). "Not Zanthoxylum

coriaceum (Desv.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 521. 1842.

Pagara coriácea (A. Rich.) Krug & Urban in Urban, Bot.

Jahrb. 21: 591. 1896.
438 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

DERIVATION.—Leathery, referring to the thick, evergreen

leaflets.

OTHER COMMON NAME.—fHereules-elub.

RANGE.—Southern Florida, including Florida Keys. Also in

West Indies.

Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. lime prickly-ash

Schinus fagara L., Sp. PI. 389. 1753.

Fagara pterota L., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 897. 1759.

Zanthoxylum pterota (L.) H. B. K, Nov. Gen. Sp. 6: 3.

1823.

fZanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg., Gard, and Forest 3: 186.

1890 ; as ''Xanthoxylum''

Fagara fagara (L.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 675, 1333.

1903.

DERIVATION.—^The old generic name.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—fwild lime-tree, wild-lime.

RANGE.—Central and southern Florida, including Florida Keys,

and southern and southwestern Texas. Also in West Indies and

from northern Mexico (Tamaulipas to Sonora and Lower California southward) south to Central America and South America.

Zanthoxylum flavum Vahl yellowheart

^Zanthoxylum flavum Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 48. 1807.

Xanthoxylon cribrosum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 946. 1825.

Zanthoxylum floridanum Nutt., No. Amer. Sylva 3: 14, 85.

1849.

Fagara flava (Vahl) Krug & Urban in Urban, Bot. Jahrb.

21: 571. 1896.

DERIVATION.—^Yellow, from the color of the wood.

OTHER COMMON NAMES.—^yellowheart prickly-ash (SPN),

tsatinwood, yellowwood.

RANGE.—Lower Florida Keys. Also in Bermuda and West

Indies.

Zanthoxylum macrophyllum Nutt., see Z. clava-herculis L.

Zanthoxylum pterota (L.) H. B. K,, see Z. fagara (L.) Sarg.

ZiziPHUS Mill. (Family Rhamnaceae) JUJUBE

Ziziphus Mill., Gard. Diet. Abridged. Ed. 4, v. 3. 1754.

DERIVATION.—The ancient Greek name derived from the Persian

zizafun, jujube.

The original spelling, ZiziphuSy is adopted here over Zizyphus, the common

spelling in use, to conform to the International Code. Sprague (Kew Roy.

Bot. Gard. Bul. Misc. Inform. 1929: 52. 1929) noted that Miller's choice

should be final.

ZIZIPHUS JUJUBE Mill. COMMON JUJUBE

Rhamnus zizyphus L., Sp. PI. 194. 1753.

Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Gard. Diet. Ed. 8, Ziziphus No. 1.

1768.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 439

Zizyphus sativa Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. PI. 1: 202. 1788.

Zizyphus vulgaris Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 8: 316. 1789.

Zizyphus zizyphus (L.) Karst,, Deut. FI. Pharm.-Med. Bot.

870. 1880-83.

DERIVATION.—From jujube, the French common name, derived

from the Arabic.

RANGE.—Escaped from cultivation and naturalized from Alabama to Louisiana, according to Small (Man. Southeast. Fl. 831.

1933). Native of southeastern Europe and southern and eastern

Asia. A shrub or small tree up to about 30 feet high.

Zygixi P. Br., see Pithecellobium Mart.
COMMERCIAL NAMES FOR LUMBER

The following list comprises the most commonly used commercial names for lumber and the corresponding names for the trees

from which it is cut. The list, prepared by Lawrence W. Smith, has

been adapted from Standard Nomenclature of Domestic Hardwoods and Softwoods issued in 1952 by the American Society

for Testing Materials.

HARDWOODS

Commercial Official comm^on

nams for lumber* tree name Botanical name

Alder:

Red alder red alder Alnus rubra

Ash:

Black ash * black ash Fraxinus nigra

Oregon ash Oregon ash ^» latifolia

Pumpkin ash .pumpkin ash F. profunda

blue ash F. quadrangulata

White ash jgreen ash F, pennsylvanica

Iwhite ash F. americana

Aspen • • (bigtooth aspen Populus grandidentata

Iquaking aspen P. tremuloides

Basswood * JAmerican basswood ... Tilia americana

Iwhite basswood T. keterophylla

Beech ,beech Fagus grandtfoha

gray birch Betula populifolia

paper birch B. papyrifera

Birch» ' river birch B. nigra

sweet birch B, lenta

lyellow birch B, alleghaniensis

Box elder ,boxelder Acer negundo

Buckeye JOhio buckeye Aesculus glabra

lyellow buckeye A, octandra

Butternut butternut Juglans cinérea

Cherry black cherry Prunus serótina

Chestnut ^chestnut Castanea dentata

(balsam poplar Populus balsamifera

Cottonwood ' eastern cottonwood .... P. deltoides^

plains cottonwood P. sargenta

.swamp cottonwood .... P. keterophylla

Cucumber cucumbertree Magnolia acuminata

Dogwood /flowering dogwood Cornus florida

\Paciñc dogwood C, nuttallii

Elder, see Box elder

^The commercial names for lumber are those recommended for use in

commercial practice. , . x u

'Black ash is known commercially m some consuming centers as brown

ash, and is also sometimes designated as such in specifications.

• Aspen lumber is sometimes designated as popple. ^ .4.

*For some commercial uses where a white appearance is a requirement,

the sapwood of American basswood (Tilia americana) is specified under the

designation "white basswood." This commercial use designation should not

be confused with the species {T. heterophylla) having the common name

white basswood. , ,. , / i -x x u- u 4.1,«

» Usually designated either as red birch or as sap (white) birch, as the

case may be, or as birch if unselected for color.

440
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 441

Commercial

name for lumber '

Elm:

Kock elm

HARDWOODS—Continued

Official common

tree name Botanical name

Soft elm*

Gum V

Hackberry .

Hickory *

Holly ...

Ironwood

Locust «.

Madrone

Magnolia

Maple:

Hard maple* .

Oregon maple

Soft maple * ..

Mulberry

Myrtle, see Oregon myrtle

Oak:

Red oak

cedar elm Ulmus crassifolixi

rock elm U. thomasii

September elm U. serótina

.winged elm U. alata

IAmerican -«elm U, americana

\slippery elm U. rubra

sweetgum •... Liquidambar

^ styraciflua

fhackberry Celtis occidentalis

Isugarberry C, laevigata

mockernut hickory .... Carya tomentosa

pignut hickory C. glabra

shagbark hickory C. ovata

shellbark hickory C. laciniosa

American holly ....... Ilex opaca

eastern hophornbeam .. Ostrya virginiana

iblack locust Robinia pseudoacacia

\honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos

Pacific madrone Arbutus menziesii

isouthern magnolia .... Magnolia grandiflora

\sweetbay M. virginiana

(black maple Acer nigrum

\sugar maple ...., A, saccharum

bigleaf maple A, macrophyllum

ired maple A, rubrum,

\silver maple A. saccharinum

red mulberry Moms rubra

black oak Quercus velutina

blackjack oak Q. marilandica

California black oak... Q. kelloggii

cherrybark oak Q. falcata var.

pagodaefolia

laurel oak Q. laurifolia ^

northern pin oak Q. ellipsoidalia

northern red oak Q. rubra

Nuttall oak Q. nuttallii

pin oak Q. palustris

scarlet oak Q. coccínea

Shumard oak Q. shumardii

southern red oak Q- falcata

turkey oak Q. laevis

willow oak Q. phellos

• Soft elm lumber is sometimes designated as white elm.

^ Usually designated either as red gum or as sap gum, as the case may be,

or as gum or sweetgum when not selected for color. (For black gum, see

túpelo, footnote 11).

^'The impossibility of distinguishing between hickory and pecan lumber for

accurate species identification is recognized.

• When hard maple or soft maple is specified to be white, the specification

is interpreted as being a requirement for sapwood.
442 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Commercial

name for lumber '

White oak

HARDWOODS—Continued

Official common

tree name Botanical name

Arizona white oak Quercos arizonica

blue oak Q, douglasii

bur oak Q. macrocarpa

California white oak... Q, lobata

chestnut oak ,. Q, prinus

chinkapin oak ,. Q, muehlenbergii

Emory oak Q. emoryi

Gambel oak Q, gambelii

Oregon myrtle

Osage orange"

Pecan *

Persimmon

Poplar ....

Sassafras .

Silverbell .

Sycamore .

Tupelo "

Walnut

Willow

Mexican blue oak Q. oblongifolia

live oak Q, virginiana

Oregon white oak Q. garryana

overcup oak Q. lyrata

post oak Q. stellata

swamp chestnut oak... Q. michauxii

swamp white oak Q, bicolor

white oak Q, alba

California-laurel Umbellularia

califomica

0sage-orange Madura pomifera

bitternut hickory Garya cordiformis

nutmeg hickory C. myristicaeformis

water hickory C- aquatica

pecan C. illinoensis

Common persimmon .. Diospyros virginiana

yellow-poplar Liriodendron tulipifera

sassafras Sassafras albidum

Carolina silverbell .... Halesia Carolina

American sycamore ... Platanus ocddentalis

black túpelo Nyssa sylvatica

Ogeechee túpelo N, ogeche

water túpelo N. aquatica

black walnut Juglans nigra

black willow Salix nigra

peachleaf willow S. amygdaloides

SOFTWOODS

Cedar:

Alaska cedar Alaska-cedar Chamaeeyparis

nootkatensis

Incense cedar incense-cedar Libocedrus decurrens

Port Orford cedar Port-Orford-cedar Chamaeeyparis

lawsoniana

Eastern red cedar [eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana

\southern redcedar ..... J. silicicola

Western red cedar western redcedar ..... Thuja plicata

Northern white cedar., northern white-cedar .. T. ocddentalis

Southern white cedar.. Atlantic white-cedar .. Chamaeeyparis

thyoides

Cypress ** fbaldcypress Taxodium distichum

\pondcypress T, distichum, var.

nutans

*® Osage orange is sometimes designated either as bodark or as bois d'arc.

** The impossibility of distinguishing between black túpelo (black gum)

lumber and water túpelo lumber for accurate species identification is recognized.

"Cypress includes types designated as red cypress, white cypress, and

yellow cypress. Red cypress is frequently classified and sold separately from

the otiier types.
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 443

SOFTWOODS—Continued

Commercial Official common

ws/me for lumber * tree name Botanical name

Fir:

Balsam fir *' ibalsam ñr Abies balsamea

\Praser ñr A. fraseri

Douglas fir " Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii

Noble fir noble fir Abies procera

subalpine fir A, lasiocarpa

California red fir A. magnifica

White fir jgrand fir A. grandis

noble fir A, procera

Pacific silver fir A, amabilis

[white fir A. concolor

Hemlock ;;

Eastern hemlock iCarolina hemlock Tsuga caroliniana

\eastern hemlock T, canadensis

Mountain hemlock .... mountain hemlock T, mertensiana

West coast hemlock... western hemlock ...... T. heterophylla

Juniper:

[alligator juniper Juniperus deppeana

Western juniper jRocky Mountain junipei J, scopulorum

Utah juniper J, osteosperma

Iwestern juniper J. occidentalis

Larch:

Western larch western larch Larix occidentalis

Pine:

Jack pine jack pine Pinus banksiana

Lodgepole pine lodgepole pine P. contorta

Norway pine red pine P. resinosa

Ponderosa pine ponderosa pine P. ponderosa

Sugar pine sugar pine P. lambertiana

Idaho white pine western white pine.... P. monticola

Northern white pine..• eastern white pine.... P. strobus

Longleaf yellow pine", /longleaf pine P. palustris

\slash pine P. elliottii

loblolly pine P. taeda

longleaf pine P. palustris

pitch pine P. rigida

shortleaf pine P. eckinata

slash pine P. elliottii

(Virginia pine P. virginiana

Redwood redwood Sequoia sempervirens

Spruce :

Íblack spruce Picea mariana

red spruce P. rubens

white spruce P. glauca

blue spruce P. pungens

Engelmann spruce .... P. engelmannii

Sitka spruce Sitka spruce P. sitchensis

Tamarack tamarack Larix laricina

Yew: Pacific yew Pacific yew Taxus brevifolia

"Balsam fir lumber is sometimes designated either as eastern fir or as

balsam.

^* Douglas fir may be specified either as Coast Region Douglas fir or as

Inland Region Douglas fir, but if the particular type is not so specified or is

not otherwise indicated through the grade specifications, either or both types

will be allowed.

"The commercial requirements for longleaf yellow pine lumber are that

not only must it be produced from trees of the botanical species of Pinups

elliottii and P. palustris, but each piece in addition must average either on

one end or the other not less than six annual rings per inch and not less than

one-third summerwood. Longleaf yellow pine lumber is sometimes designated

as pitch pine in the export trade.

Southern yellow pine.
BOTANICAL INDEX OF PLANT FAMILIES AND

GENERA

This botanical index shows the position and relationships of

the genera of native and naturalized trees of the United States

(including Alaska) in plant families according to the botanical

classification. Alphabetically arranged by genera and species, the

check list itself does not show which genera are related, though

it cites the family name in parentheses after each accepted

generic name.

The botanical classification adopted here is the standard one

by Dalla Torre and Harms/ in which both the families and genera

of seed plants are numbered and which has been widely adopted

by large herbaria in filing specimens. Obviously the grouping

of plant families and genera in a natural system according to

relationships in order of development from simple to complex is

somewhat controversial. However, the Dalla Torre and Harms

arrangement following the Englerian system is the best known,

most detailed, and most convenient to follow.

Preceding the botanical index is the alphabetical list of plant

families, with Dalla Torre and Harms family number after each.

Like a table of contents, the botanical index contains in natural,

botanical arrangement the plant families according to Dalla

Torre and Harms family numbers, and with common names.

Under each family are listed the genera (with widely used synonyms), together with Dalla Torre and Harms genus number,

generic common name, and page number of the genus with species

and notes in the check list.

The botanical index can be used to find where a genus is classified and also the names of its related genera. Abies, or fir, will

serve as an example. As listed on page 27, the family is Pinaceae.

In the alphabetical list of plant families below, we note that Pinaceae is family number 6. Turning in the botanical index to family

number 6, Pinaceae, or pine family, we find that Abies is one of

14 named genera, which are listed according to relationships and

with check list page numbers for ready reference.

Another use of botanical index is to list the genera of native

and naturalized trees belonging to each plant family. For example,

to obtain the names of the tree genera of the family Leguminosae,

first we get the family number, 128, from the alphabetical list

of plant families. Then under family number 128 in the botanical

index we find 26 genera placed according to their relationships.

Thus, the botanical index preserves the useful features of the

natural arrangement adopted in previous check lists and in botanical references, while the check list itself has the advantages of

the new, alphabetical order.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OP PLANT FAMILIES

The native and naturalized trees of the United States (including

Alaska) are classified under 77 plant families. Of these, 71 are

* Dalla Torre, C. G. de, and Harms, H. Genera Siphonogamarum ad

systema Englerianum conscripta. 921 pp. 1900-07.

444
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 445

native -and 6 (designated by small capitals) are introduced and

have no native species. With very few exceptions, family names

end in -aceae and are easily recognized. The Dalla Torre and

Harms numbers after each family name can be used to refer to

genera in the botanical index of plant families and genera which

follows.

Aceraceae, 163

Anacardiaceae, 153

Annonaceae, 98

Apocynaceae, 247

Aquifoliaceae, 157

Araliaceae, 227

Betulaceae, 61

Bignoniaceae, 258

Boraginaceae, 252

Burseraceae, 139

Cactaceae, 210

Canellaceae, 197

Capparidaceae, 107

Caprifoliaceae, 271

CARICACEAE, 205

CASUARINACEAE, 51

Celastraceae, 158

Clethraceae, 230

Combretaceae, 221

Compositae, 280

Cornaceae, 229

Cyrillaceae, 154

Ebenaceae, 240

Elaeagnaceae, 215

Ericaceae, 233

Euphorbiaceae, 147

Fagaceae, 62

Guttiferae, 187

Hamamelidaceae, 123

Hippocastanaceae, 164

Juglandaceae, 60

Koeberliniaceae, 196

Lauraceae, 102

Leguminosae, 128

Leitneriaceae, 59

Liliaceae, 38

Magnoliaceae, 95

Malpighiaceae, 141

Malvaceae, 175

Melastomataceae, 223

Meliaceae, 140

Moraceae, 64

MORINGACEAE, 109

Myricaceae, 57

Myrsinaceae, 236

Myrtaceae. 222

Nyctaginaceae, 80

Olacaceae, 72

Oleaceae, 243

Palmae, 21

Pinaceae, 6

Platanaceae, 124

Polygonaceae, 77

PROTEACEAE, 66

PUNICACEAE, 218

Khamnaceae, 169

Rhizophoraceae, 220

Rosaceae, 126

Rubiaceae, 270

Rutaceae, 137

Salicaceae, 56

Sapindaceae, 165

Sapotaceae, 239

Simaroubaceae, 138

Solanaceae, 256

Staphyleaceae, 161

Sterculiaceae, 178

Styracaceae, 241

Symplocaceae, 242

TAMARICACEAE, 191

Taxaceae, 5

Theaceae, 186

Theophrastaceae, 235a

Tiliaceae, 174

Ulmaceae, 63

Verbenaceae, 253

Zygophyllaceae, 135

BOTANICAL INDEX

The 77 families and 252 genera of native and naturalized trees

of the United States (including Alaska) are arranged numerically

by the Dalla Torre and Harms numbers on the left with check list

page numbers of genera at right. The 6 introduced families and

31 naturalized genera without any native species are in small

capitals. Dalla Torre and Harms numbers here are not consecutive because many families and genera in that reference to the

seed plants of the world are not represented among the trees of

the United States.

Page

5. Taxaceae, yew family

17. Torreya (Tumion), torreya 421

18. Taxus, yew 414

6. Pinaceae, pine family

22. Pinus, pine 260

24. Larix,larch 223

26. Picea, spruce 255

27. Tsuga, hemlock 424

27a. Pseudotsuga, Douglas-fir 304

29. Abies, fir 27

32. Sequoia, sequoia • 402

35. Taxodium, baldcypress 412

88. CALLITRIS, CYPRESS-PINE 77

41. Libocedrus, incense-cedar 225

42. Thuja, thuja; arborvitae (SPN) 416
446 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

6. Pinaceae—Continued Page

43. Cupressus, cypress 170

44. Chamaecyparis, white-cedar 107

45. JuniperuSy juniper 215

21. Palmae, palm family

528. PHOENIX, DATE 253

536. Thrinax, thatchpalm 415

536a. CoccothrinaXy silverpalm 115

543. Washingtonia, washingtonia 432

547. Sabal, palmetto 374

548. Serenoa, saw-palmetto 403

549a. Paurotis (Acoelorraphe), paurotis 251

599. Pseudophoenix, cherrypalm 304

613. Roystonea» royalpalm 374

663, Cocos, COCONUT 115

88. Liliaceae, lily family

1103. Yucca, yucca 433

1105. Nolina, nolina 244

51. CASUARINACEAB, casuarina (beefwood) family

1855. CASUARINA, CASUARINA; beefwood (SPN) 95

56. Salicaceae, willow family

1872. Populus, cottonwood; poplar 280

1873. Salix, willow 376

57. Myricaceae, waxmyrtle family

1874. Myrica, waxmyrtle , 241

59. Lcitneriaceae, corkwood family

1876. Leitneria, corkwood 224

60. Juglandaceae, walnut family

1881. Juglans, walnut 213

1882. Carya (Hicoria), hickory 80

61. Betulaceae, birch family

1884. Carpinus, hornbeam 80

1885. Ostrya, hophornbeam 249

1886. Corylus, hazel 123

1887. Betula, birch 63

1888. Alnus, alder 48

62. Fagaceae, beech family

1890. Fagus, beech • • 1^3

1891. Castanea, chestnut 92

1891a. Castanopsis, chinkapin, evergreen-chinkapin (SPN).. 94

1892. Lithocarpus (Pasania), tanoak 228

1893. Quercus, oak ^11

63. Ulmaceae, elm family

1896. Ulmus, elm 426

1897. Planera, planertree 277

1898. Celtis, hackberry 97

1902. Trema, trema 423

64. Moraceae, mulberry family

1913. Morus, mulberry 240

1918. Madura (Toxylon), Osage-orange 230

1923. BROUSSONETIA (Papyrius), PAPER-MULBERRY 71

1961. Ficus, fig 184

66. PROTEACEAE, protea family

2045. GREVILLEA, GREVILLBA 199

72. Olacaceae, olax family

2129. Schoepfia, graytwig ...• 401

2136. Ximenia, tallowwood 432

77. Polygonaceae, buckwheat family

2209. Coccoloba, seagrape H*

80. Nyctaginaceae, four-o'clock family

2354. Pisonia, pisonia 275

2354h. Torrubia, blolly •• -422
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 447

Page

95. Magnoliaceae, magnolia family

2651. Magnolia, magnolia 230

2654. Liriodendron, yellow-poplar 227

2657. lUicium» anise-tree 212

98. Annonaceae, annona (or custard-apple) family

2673a. Asimina, pawpaw 62

2729. Annona, annona 58

102. Lauraceae, laurel family

2782. CiNNAMOMUM, CINNAMON 110

2783. Persea» persea 252

2789. Umbellularia» California-laurel 428

2790. Nectandra, nectandra 243

2795. Sassafras, sassafras 399

2820. Licaria (Misanteca), licaria 226

107« Capparidaceae, caper family

3101. Capparis, caper 78

109. MoRiNGACEAB, horseradish-tree family

3128. MORINGA, HORSERADISH-TREE 240

123. Hamamelidaceae, witch-hazel family

3298. Liquidambar, sweetgum 227

3309. Hamamelis, witch-hazel 202

124. Platanaceae, sycamore family

3314. Platanus, sycamore; planetree (SPN) 277

126. Bosaceae, rose family

3329. Vauquelinia, vauquelinia • • 429

3338. PYRUS, PEAR 310

8338b. Malus,apple 233

3338d. Sorbus, mountain-ash 407

3341. Photinia (Heteromeles), photinia 254

3343. Amelanchier, seryiceberry 53

3345a. Crataegus, hawthorn 124

3367. Cowania, cliffrose 124

3369. Cercocarpus, cercocarpus 104

3396. Prunus (Amygdalus, Cerasus, Laurocerasus,

Padus), cherry; peach; plum 292

3398. Chrysobalanus, coco-plum 109

3409. Lyonothamnus, lyontree 229

128. Leguminosae, legume family

3441. Pithecellobium, blackhead 275

3443. ALBIZIA, ALBIZZIA 48

3445. Lysiloma, lysiloma 221

3446. Acacia, acacia • 31

3447. Leucaena, leadtree 224

3454. Prosopis (Strombocarpa), mesquite 290

3508. TAMARINDUS, TAMARIND 412

3526. Cercis, redbud 102

3544. Gleditsia, honeylocust 197

3545. Gymnocladus, coffeetree 201

3551. Parkinsonia, parkinsonia 250

3554. Cercidium, paloverde 101

3556. Poinciana, poinciana 278

3556a. DELONIX, FLAMBOYANT-TREB 174

3602. Sophora, sophora 406

3606. Cladrastis, yellowwood 113

3708. Eysenhardtia, kidneywood , 182

3709. Dalea, dalea 173

3733. Robinia, locust 372

3739, Olneya, tesota 246

3747. Sesbania, sesbania 404

8747c. Daubentonia, rattlebox 173

8839. Piscidia (Ichthyomethia) ^ fishpoison-tree 274

8841. Andira, angelin 58

8870. Erythrina, coralbean 178
448 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 Ü. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

135, Zygophyllaceae, caltrop family Page

3968. Guaiacum, lignumvitae 199

3969. Porlieria, porlieria 289

137. Rutaceae, rue family

3990. Zanthoxyium, prickly-ash 436

4048. Esenbeckia, esenbeckia 179

4067. Helietta, helietta 204

4069. Ptelea, hoptree 809

4084. Amyris» amyris 57

4100. CITRUS, CITRUS Ill

4100c. PONCIRUS, TRIFOLIATE-ORANGE 280

138. Simaroubaceae, ailanthus family

4106. Suriana, baycedar 410

4111. Simarouba, simarouba 405

4119. Hoiacantha, hoiacantha 206

4124. AlLANTHUS, AILANTHUS , 47

4131. Picramnia, bitterbush *. • 259

4132. Alvaradoa, alvaradoa ^2

139. Burseraceae, bursera family

4150. Bursera, bursera 75

140. Meliaceae, mahogany family

4164. Swietenia, mahogany 411

4175. MEUA, CHINABERRY 239

141. Malpighiaceae, malpighia family

4255. Byrsonima, byrsonima 76

147. Euphorbiaceae, spurge family

4288. Savia, maidenbush 400

4299, Phyllanthus (Cicca), leaf-flower 254

4309. Drypetes, drypetes 176

4424. RiCINUS, CASTOR-BEAN 372

4483. Sapium, sapium 399

4486. Hippomane, manchineel 205

4492. Gymnanthes, oysterwood 200

153. Anacardiaceae, cashew family

4545. MANGIFERA, MANGO 238

4568. Pistacia, pistache 275

4582. SCHINUS, PEPPERTREB 401

4585. Cotinus, smoketree 124

4591. Metopium, poisontree 239

4694. Rhus, sumac 366

4594d. Toxicodendron, poison-sumac 423

164. Cyrillaceae, cyrilla family

4609. Cliftonia, buckwheat-tree 113

4611. Cyrilla, cyrilla 172

167. Aquifoliaceae, holly family

4614. Ilex, holly 207

158. Celastraceae, bittersweet family

4618. Euonymus, euonymus 181

4626. Maytenus, mayten 238

4648a. Crossopetalum (Rhacoma), crossopetalum ......... 169

4649a. Gyminda, falsebox 200

4653. Schaefferia, schaefferia 400

4659. Canotia, canotia 78

161. Staphyleaceae, bladdernut family

4665. Staphylea, bladdernut 408

163. Aceraceae, maple family

4720. Acer, maple 33

164. Hippocastanaceae, horsechestnut family

4721. Aesculus, buckeye 44

165. Sapindaceae, soapberry family

4831. Dodonaea, hopbush 175

4833. Hypelate, inkwood 206

4834. Exothea, butterbough 182

4739. Sapindus, soapberry • 398
CHECK LIST OF TREES OF THE UNITED STATES 449

165, Sapidaceae—Continued Page

4846. Ungnadia, Mexican-buckeye 428

4786. Cupania, cupania • • w • ^^^

169. Rhamnaceae, buckthorn fanaily

4861. ZlZIPHUS, JUJUBE 438

4862. Condalia, condalia 117

4864. Reynosia, darling-plum 361

4875. Rhamnus, buckthorn 361

4875a. Krugiodendron, leadwood 222

4877. Ceanothus, ceanothus 96

4882. Colubrina, colubrina 116

174. Tiliaceae, linden family

4964. Tilia, basswood; linden (SPN) 417

175. Malvaceae, mallow family

5013. Hibiscus, hibiscus 204

5018. THESPESIA, THESPBSIA 415

6020. Gossypium, cotton 199

178. Sterculiaceae, sterculia family

6046. Fremontia (Fremontodendron), fremontia 195

6086. FiRMIANA, FIRMIANA 185

186. Theaceae, tea family

6148. Gordonia, gordonia 198

6148a. Franklinia, franklinia 187

5152. Stewartia, stewartia 409

187. Guttiferae (Clusiaceae), mangosteen family

5181. Clusia, clusia 114

191. TàMARICACEAE, tamarisk family

5239. TAMARIX, TAMARISK 412

196. Koeberliniaceae, allthom family

5253. Koeberlinia, allthorn 221

197. Canellaceae, canella family

5254. Canella, canella 78

205. CARICACBAE, papaya family

6377. CARICA, PAPAYA 79

210. Cactaceae, cactus family

6401. Cereus (Camegiea)^ cerens 106

6403. Cephalocereus, cephalocereus 100

6417. Opuntia, pricklypear; cholla ... 247

215. Elaeagnaceae, elaeagnus family

5471. Shepherdia, buflfaloberry 404

218. PuNiCACBAB, pomegranate family

5501. FUñICA, POMEGRANATE 310

220. Rhizophoraceae, mangrove family

5523. Rhizophora, mangrove 365

221. Combretaceae, combretum family

6543. Bucida, bucida 72

6544. TERMINALIA, TERMINALIA , 414

6551. Laguncularia, white-mangrove 222

6648. Conocarpus, button-mangrove 117

222. Myrtaceae, myrtle family

6569. PSIDIUM, GUAVA 308

6675. Calyptranthes, lid-flower 77

6578. Eugenia, eugenia 179

6603. MELALEUCA, MELALÈUCA 239

223. Melastomataceae, melastome family

6758. Tetrazygia, tetrazygia 415

227. Araliaceae, ginseng family

5881. Aralia, aralia 59

229. Comaceae, dogwood family

6150. Garrya, silktassel 196

6161. Nyssa, túpelo 245

6169. Cornus, dogwood 118

230. Clethraceae. cletlura family

6165. Oethra, dethra 113
450 AGRlCULTUkiS HANDBOOK 41 Ü. S. DÊ^. Of AGfUCÜLtuM

233. Ericaceae, heath family Page

6179. ElUottia, elliottia 177

6184. Rhododendron, rhododendron 365

6192. Kalmia, kalmia 221

6200. Lyonia, lyonia 228

6203. Oxydendrum, sourwood 250

6211. Arbutus, madrono • 59

6216. Vaccinium, blueberry 429

235a. Theophrastaceae, theophrasta family

6282. Jaquinia, jacquinia 213

236. Myrsinaceae, myrsine family

6285. Ardisia (Icacorea), ardisia • 60

6314. Rapanea, rapanea 361

239. Sapotaceae, sapote family

6361. Achras (Manilkara^ Mimtisopa), achras 42

6368. Sideroxylon, jungle-plum 405

6373. Dipholis, bustic 175

6374. Bumelia, bumelia • '^^

6377. Chrysophyllum, goldenleaf 110

240. Ebenaceae, ebony family

6406. Diospyros, persimmon 174

241. Styracaceae, snowbell family

6410. Halesia, silverbell 201

6411. Styrax, snowbell 410

242. Symplocaceae, sweetleaf family

6418. Symplocos, sweetleaf *. • 411

243. Oleaceae, olive family

6420. Fraxinus, ash 187

6426. Osmanthus, osmanthus 248

6427. Forestiera, forestiera 185

6430, Chionanthus, fringetree 109

6436. LiGUSTRUM, PRIVET 226

247. Apocynaceae, dogbane family

6687. NERIUM, OLEANDER 243

252. Boraginaceae, borage family

7038. Cordia, cordia * 118

7042. Bourreria, strongbark 71

7043. Ehretia, ehretia 176

253. Verbenaceae, verbena family

7161. Citharexylum, fiddlewood HO

7205. Avicennia, black-mangrove • ^2

256. Solanaceae, nightshade family

7407. Solanum, nightshade 406

7434. Nicotiana, tobacco 244

258. Bignoniaceae, bignonia family

(7513). PAULOWNIA, PAULOWNIA 251

7726. Chilopsis, desertwillow • 108

7727. Catalpa, catalpa 05

7757. Enallagma, black-calabash 177

7759. Crescentia, calabash-tree 109

270. Rubiaceae, madder family

8129. Pinckneya, pinckneya 259

8219. Exostema, exostema 182

8230. Cephalanthus, buttonbush 100

8290. Genipa (Casasia), genip 107

8329. Hamelia, hamelia 203

8361. Guettarda, velvetseed 200

8399. Psychotria, balsamo 309

271. Caprifoliaceae, honeysuckle family

8515. Sambucus, elder 396

8516. Viburnum, viburnum 430

280. Compositae, composite family

8933. Baccharis, baccharis .• 6^

9358. Artemisia, sagebrush * • ^1
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

A

Pag«

abrojo, spiny 117

acacia 81

blackbrush S2

catclaw 32

Emory 32

milfoil 32

Rio Grande 83

sweet 82

twisted 33

Wright 33

achras 42

adelia

common 186

Texas 186

agati 404

ailanthus 47

treeofheaven 48

alamo 278, 282, 285, 286

bianco 288

de la sierra 80

Alaska-cedar 108

albizzia 48

lebbek 48

silktree 48

alder 48

American green 52

Arizona 49

black 49,51

common 51

European 49

European black 49

hazel 51

Mexican 49

mountain 52

New Mexican 49

Oregon 50

red 50

river 52

seaside 49

Sierra 50

Sitka 51

smooth 51

speckled 50

thinleaf 52

wavyleaf 52

western 50

white 50

aliso 278

alligator-apple 58

alligator-pear 252

allthorn 221

spiny 221

almond. West Indian 415

alvaradoa 52

Mexican 52

amole ....

amyris ...

balsam .

sea

anacahuita

anaqua

angelica-tree ...

angelin

cabbage

angelintree ....

cabbage

anise-tree

Florida

purple

small-flowered

yellow

annona

ants-wood ......

apes-earring ...

catclaw

ebony

huajillo

apple

bigfruit crab .

Biltmore crab

Chinese

.233,

common

crab 233, 235, 236,

Dawson crab

narrowleaf crab

Oregon crab

Paciñc crab

pear-leaf

prairie crab

Siberian crab

Soulard crab ..... .....

southern crab

sweet crab

western crab

wild •.

wild crab

wild sweet crab

apple-cactus

fragrant

shellmound

apricot, desert

aralia

arborvitae 416,

Chinese

eastern

giant

Oriental

ardisia

marble

Arizona-ironwood

Arizona-rosewood

Page

434

57

57

57

118

177

59

58

58

58

58

212

212

212

213

213

58

73

276

277

276

277

237

237

236

234

237

237

236

234

235

235

234

236

234

238

234

234

235

237

235

235

107

107

107

296

59

417

417

416

417

417

60

61

246

430

451
452 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 4I U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Page

ash

Arizona

basket

Berlandier

Biltmore

Biltmore white

black

blue •

brown

California flowering

California shrub

Carolina

Chihuahua

Darlington

desert

dwarf

Florida

flowering

foothill

fragrant

fringe-flowered

Goodding

green

Gregg

hoop

leatherleaf

littleleaf

Lowell

Mexican

mountain 190,

Oregon

pop ..•

pumpkin

red

singleleaf

smallseed white

smooth

smooth Oregon

swamp 190,192,

Texas

Toumey

two-petal

velvet

water 190,192,

white 188,

asp, quaking

aspen 286,

bigtooth

European

golden

largetooth

mountain

quaking

trembling

Vancouver %•

Australian-pine

avocado

American

B

baccharis .

eastern .

southern

187

195

192

189

188

188

192

193

192

190

190

189

192

193

195

188

190

190

190

190

190

191

192

191

192

195

191

189

189

194

191

190

193

193

188

188

195

195

193

194

195

190

194

193

193

288

288

286

281

288

286

288

288

288

288

95

252

252

62

63

62

Pag«

baldcypress .412, 418,414

common 413

Montezuma 413

pond • 413

balm-of-Gilead 283

balsam 28, 30

Canada 28

white 29, 30

balsamo 309

Bahama 309

Seminóle 309

baraña 52

Barbados-flower 279

baretta 204

basswood 417, 418, 419, 420

American 418

Carolina 419

Florida 419

white 420

baya 241

bayberry .241, 242, 243

evergreen 242

northern 243

odorless 242

Pacific 242

southern 242

baycedar 410

bayonet, Spanish. 433, 435, 436

bearberry 36^

bear-gum ..^^ 246

beech ^^^'lîi

American 183

blue 80

water ....*. 80

beefwood ••• 95

horsetail 95

bellota 824

bigcone-spruce 305

bigtree 402

bilsted ^227

birch 63, 65

Alaska f9

Alaska red ^A

Alaska white - Ç9

black 65,66,69

Blanchard 5,

blue 5Í

blueleaf • • • • • 64

canoe * ^2

cherry ^^

dwarf arctic 65

gray "8, 70

Home 55

Kenai f^

Kcnai paper 69

low 70

Minnesota ¿0

mountain paper 68

northwestern paper 69

paper 67, 68, 69

Purpus ••*••• ^^ 19

red 66,67, 69

river 66
IND£X OF COMMON NAMES 453

Page

birch—Cont'd.

Sandberg 70

silver , ..63, 67

swamp 63

sweet 65

water 66

western paper 66, 68

West Indian 76

white 67, 70

wire 70

yellow 63

Yukon 64

bird-cherry, European 299

bird-of-paradise 279

Biscayne-palm 115

bitterbush 259

Florida 259

bitternut 82

black-alder 211

blackhead 275, 276

catclaw 277

ebony 276

Guadeloupe 276

black-calabash 177, 178

blackgum 245, 246

swamp 246

blackhaw 430, 431, 432

rusty 431

southern 432

blackjack 339

black-mangrove 62

black-olive 72

blackthorn 302

blackwood 62

bladdernut 408, 409

American 409

Bolander 409

California 409

Sierra 409

blolly 422

Brace 422

longleaf 422

roundleaf 422

blueberry 429

blueblossom 97

blue-brush 97

blue-myrtle 97

bluewood 117

bodark 230

bois-d' arc 230

bottletree 185

bowwood 230

boxelder 87

California 38

boxwood 401

brasil 117

bucida 72

oxhorn 72

buckeye 44

Arkansas 45

California 45

dwarf 47

fetid 46

Page

buckeye—Cont'd.

Georgia 47

Ohio 46

painted 47

red 46

scarlet 46

sweet 46

Texas 44

woolly 46

yellow 46

buckthorn. 73, 74, 361, 364

alder 364

birchleaf 862

California 862

Carolina 362

cascara 364

common 363

European 863

glossy 864

great redberry 863

hollyleaf 863

hollyleaf redberry 863

large-leaf redberry 863

redberry 863

tough 75

tree 863

tropical 78

yellow 863

buckwheat-tree 113

buffaloberry 404

silver 404

bullace 297

bull-bay 282

bullnut 92

bumelia 72

Brazos 74

buckthorn 74

gum 73

gum wooUybucket 73

saffronplum 78

smooth ........ — 74

Texas .. 74

tough 75

wooUybucket 78

bunchberry 119

burning-bush 181

western 182

bursera 75

elephant 76

fragrant 75

bustic 175

willow 175

butterbough 182

butternut 213

buttonball-tree 278

buttonbush 100

common 100

button-mangrove 117, 118

buttonwood 118, 228, 278

silver 118

white 223

byrsonima 76

Long Key 76
454 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Page

cabbage-palm 875

hog 804

cactus

giant 107

organpipe 107

cajeput-tree 239

calabash-tree 169

black 178

common 169

calico-bush 221

California-holly 254

California-laurel 428

California-lilac 97

California-nutmeg 422

California-palm 432

camphor-tree 110

candle-berry 242, 243

candlewood 57

canella 78

cinnamon 78

canistel 290

canoe-cedar 417

canotia 78

caper 78

bay-leaved 79

dog 79

Jamaica 79

limber 79

caper-tree 79

cascara 364

cassada 175

cassena 208, 212

cassie 82

castor-bean 872

castor-oil-plant 372

casuarina 95

horsetail 95

Catalina-ironwood 229

catalpa 95

common 96

hardy ^^

northern 96

southern ^^

western 96

catawba 96

catawba-tree, western 96

catclaw 32, 33, 277

Florida 277

Texas 33

tree 83

caupulin 304

ceanothus 96

blueblossom 97

Catalina 96

feltleaf 96

greenbark 97

redheart 97

spiny 97

cedar 215

mountain 216

rock 216

Page

cedro 170

chino 217

rojo 220

cephalocereus 100

Deering 101

Key West 101

cercocarpus 104

alderleaf 104

birchleaf 104

Catalina 105

curlleaf 106

hairy 105

cereus 106

chapóte 174

cherioni 398

Cherokee-bean 178

cherry 292

Alabama 301

Alabama black 301

bird 299

bitter 295

black 300, 804

capulín black 300

Carolina 294

Catalina 297

Chisos wild 302

Edwards Plateau 301

Escarpment 301

evergreen 297

fire 299

hollyleaf 296

laurel 294

mahaleb 297

mazzard 294

Morello 294

mountain black 300

northern pin 299

perfumed 297

pie 294

pigeon 299

pin 299

quinine 295

rum 300

St. Lucie 297

sour 294

southwestern black 301

sweet 294

West Indian 299

wild 295

wild red 299

cherrypalm 304

Florida 304

Sargent 304

chestnut 92, 93

American 93

goldenleaf 95

chilicote 178

chinaberry 239

umbrella 239

chinatree 239

china-tree, wild 398

Chinese-rose 204
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 455

Page

chinkapin 92, 94, 95

Alabama 92

Allegheny 94

Ashe 94

Florida 93

giant 95

golden 95

Ozark 94

running 93

trailing 93

chinknut 94

chittamwood 73, 124

chokeberry 304

Alabama 301

Beadle 301

black 304

California 804

common 303

eastern 304

Gila 302

south Alabama 301

southwestern 302

western 304

cholla 247, 248

buckhom 247

jumping 248

Sonora jumping 248

staghorn 247

Christmasberry 254

Christmas-berry 212

cigar-tree 96

cinnamon 110

wild 78

cinnamon-bark 78

ciruela 293

citron 112

citrus Ill

clethra « 113

cinnamon 113

cliffrose 124

Stansbury 124

clusia 114

copey 114

coconut 115,116

coco-plum 109

icaco 109

smallfruit 109

coffeeberry 362

California 862

coast , 362

hollyleaf 863

island 364

coffeetree 201

Kentucky 201

coffee-tree 864

colubrina 116

coffee 116

Cuba 116

soldierwood 117

wild-coffee 116

coma 73

condalia , 117

bitter 117

Page

condalia—Cont'd.

bluewood 117

lotewood 117

copal 76

copal-tree 48

coralbean 178, 406

cockspur 178

eastern 178

southwestern 178

western 178

cordia 118

. Geiger-tree 118

corkwood 224

corkwood tree, Australian 404

cornel 119

corona de Cristo 206, 221

corona de púas 221

cotton 199

desert 199

Thurber 199

upland 199

wild 199

cotton-gum 245

cottonwood 280,

283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289

Arizona 285

balsam 289

black 282, 286, 289

eastern 282, 284, 285

Fremont 285

Jacks 286

lanceleaf 281

Macdougal 285

mountain 282

narrowleaf 281

Palmer 287

Parry 287

plains 287

Rio Grande 285

river 286

smooth-bark 281

southern 284

swamp 286

Texas 288

valley 286

Wislizenus 286

crab apple, see apple

crab

Iowa 237

prairie 237

Soulard 238

wild 234, 235, 237

crabwood 201

crapemyrtle 222

common 222

crossopetalum 169

Florida 169

crown-of-thorns . 221

crucifixion-thorn 78, 206, 221

crucillo 117

cucumbertree * 230

ear-leaf 232

Southern 232
456 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Page

cucumbertree—Cont'd.

yellow 231

cupania 169

Florida 170

custard-apple 58

cypress 170, 413

Alaska 108

Arizona 170

Arizona smooth 170

Baker 171

Cuyamaca 170

Forbes 171

Gowen 171*

Guadalupe 171

gulf 413

Lawson 108

MacNab 172

Mendocino 171

Modoc 170

Monterey 172

Piute 170

pygmy 171

red 413

rough-bark Arizona 170

Santa Cruz 171

Sargent 171

Siskiyou 171

Sitka 108

smooth 170

southern 413

Tecate 171

tidewater red 413

white 413

yellow 108, 413

cypress-pine 77

blue 77

cyrilla 172

American 173

Florida 172

littleleaf 172

swamp 173

dagger, Spanish .435, 436

dahoon 208, 210

Alabama 208

myrtle ; 210

dalea 173

smokethorn 173

Damson 297

darling-plum 361

northern 861

date > . .253, 254

desert-ironwood 246

desert-olive 186

desert-palm ^ 432

desertwillow 108

devilsclaw 32

devils-walkingstick 59

devilwood 248

dogwood - .118,120

alternate-leaf 11Ö

Page

dogwood—<^ont*d.

American 122

blackfruit 122

blue 119

flowering 120, 121

miners 122

mountain 121

Pacific 121

pagoda 119

red-osier 122

roughleaf 120

stiffcornel ... 123

western 121

western flowering 121

western red 120,121

Douglas-fir .304, 305

bigcone 805

blue 308

Coast 306

Colorado 308

common 305

Oregon 306

Rocky Mountain 308

Douglas-spruce * 305

doveplum 114

downward-plum 73

drypetes 176

milkbark 176

whitewood 176

ebony 276

Texas 276

egg-fruit tree 290

ehretia 176

anaqua 177

elder 396

American 396

Arizona 397

Arizona blueberry 397

blackhead 397

blackberry 396

blueberry 396

common 396

Florida 397

Gulf 398

Mexican 397

mountain 397

Pacific red 396

redberry 396

scarlet 396

southern 398

velvet 398

velvet-leaf 898

elderberry 396

black 397

blue 397

desert 397

red .. 396

elephantree 76

small-leaved 76

elliottia 177
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 457

Page

elm 426

American 426

Asiatic 427

basket 427

cedar 427

Chinese 427

cork 426, 428

dwarf 427

dwarf Asiatic 427

Florida 426

gray 427

Pekin 427

red 427, 428

rock 428

September 428

Siberian 427

slippery 427

soft 426,427

southern rock 427

water 426

white 426

winged 426

encina 313

encino 357

esenbeckia 179

Runyon 179

eugenia 179

Bahama 180

boxleaf 180

redberry 180

Simpson 181

Smalls 179

spiceberry 181

trailing 180

twinberry 180

white-stopper 179

euonymius 181

evergreen-chinkapin 95

giant 95

exostema 182

F

falsebox 200

West Indies 200

false-boxwood 200

false-cypress 107

Lawson 108

Nootka 108

white-cedar 108

false-mangrove 222, 223

false-mastic 405

fan-palm 432

California 482

farkleberry 429

fever-bark 260

fiddlewood 110, 111

Berlandier Ill

Florida Ill

fig 184

common 184

Florida strangler 184

Page

fig—Cont'd.

golden 184

India-rubber 184

shortleaf 184

strangler 184

wild 184

filbert 123

beaked 123

fir 27

alpine 30

amabilis 27

balsam .27, 29, 30

bracted balsam 28

bristlecone 28

California red 31

Cascades 27

corkbark 30

eastern ,. 28, 29

Fraser 29

Fraser balsam 29

golden 31

grand ; 29

lovely 27

lowland 30

lowland white 30

noble 31

Pacific silver 27

red 27, 31, 305

Santa Lucia 28

Shasta 31

Shasta red 31

silver 27, 28, 29, 30

southern 29

southern balsam 29

subalpine 30

white ....27,28,30,31

yellow 30

firebush 203

ñrecracker-plant 46

firmiana 185

fishfuddletree 274

Florida 275

Jamaica 275

fishpoison-tree 274

Florida 274

flame-tree 174

flamboyant-tree 174

flannelbush 196

Florida-boxwood 400

Florida-privet 186

flowerfence 279

forestiera 185

desert-olive 186

downy 186

Florida 186

New Mexican 186

Texas 186, 187

franklinia 187

fremontia 195

California 195

Mexican 196

San Diego 196
458 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Page

fresno 188, 195

frijolito 406

frijol-rojo 406

fringetree 109

white 109

G

gallberry

large 208

sweet 208

garland-tree 235

Geiger-tree 118

genip 197

seven-year-apple 197

Georgia-bark 260

giant-cedar 417

glycosmis, Chinese 198

goldenleaf 110

gosseberry-tree, Otaheite .... 255

gordonia 198

lobloUybay , 198

grapefruit Ill

graytwig 401

Gulf 401

great-laurel 366

grevillea 199

silk-oak 199

groundsel-tree 63

guava 308

common 808

guayaba 308

guayacan 290

Guianaplum 176

big 176

gum elastic 73, 74

gum-elemi 76

gumbo-limbo 76

H

hackberry 97, 98, 99, 100

common 99

Georgia 99

Lindheimer , 98

netleaf 99

sugar 98

western 99

hackmatack 223, 224, 283

hamelia 203

scarlet 203

hardy-orange 280

haw 125

apple 128

big-fruited 159

Biltmore 181

black 160

blue 131

dotted 158

green 168

large-seeded 149

May 128, 153

parsley 150

pear 183

Page

haw—Cont'd.

purple 117

red 125, 151

scarlet 154

southern .. 151

summer 142

yellow 142

hawthorn 124

Arnold 130

Asa Gray 142

Ashe 130

Augustine 162

barberryleaf 130

Beadle 129

Biltmore 131

black 140

blueberry 131

Boynton 131

Brainerd 132

Brazoria 132

Brazos 132

Bushes .. 133

Canada 134

Canby 134

Cerro 141

Cocks 135

cockspur 137

Columbia 136

Dallas 138

Dodge 140

dotted 157

Douglas 140

downy 151

Engelmann 141

English 152

Eureka Springs 163

European 152

fanleaf 142

fireberry 134

fleshy 163

frosted 157

Gattinger 143

Georgia 1...... 143

glossy 152

green 167

Gregg 144

Hannibal 144, 155

Harbison 144

Holmes 144

Jacksonville 142

Jones 146

Kansas 135

large-seed 149

Leon 148

littlehip 162

Mackensie 148

Margaret 150

May 128

Missouri 141

Mohrs 151

Montgotnery 158

Noel 152

one-flower 166
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 459

Page

hawthorn—Cont'd.

one-seed 152

Ontario 154

Opelousas 165

Ouachita 153

Palmer 154

parsley 150

pear 133

Pennsylvania 155

Pensacola 147

Peoria 155

Piedmont 159

pineland 161

Porter 156

prairie 155

Pringle 157

Putnam 158

Quebec 162

Ravenel 159

Reverchon 159

river 160

riverfíat 153

roundleaf 135

Sabine 140, 161

St. Claire 141

St. Louis 128

San Augustine 126

sandhill 136

Sargent 161

scarlet 154

shining 128

single-seed 152

Sutherland 164

Texas 165

threeflower 166

Tracy 165

turkey 145

turkey-apple 145

viburnum 167

Wakulla 158

Warner 168

Washington 156

Williams 168

willow 161

yellow 142

Youngs 168

hazel 123

beaked 123

California 123

hazelnut 123

California 123

he-balsam 258

hedge 230

he-huckleberry 173

helietta 204

hemlock 305, 424

black 426

Canada 424

Carolina 425

eastern 424

Jeffrey 424

mountain 425

Pacific 425

Page

hemlock—Cont'd.

west coast 425

western 425

Hercules-club 59, 437, 438

hibiscus 204

Chinese 204

linden 205

sea 204

hickory 80, 84, 86, 89, 92

Ashes 85

bigleaf shagbark 86

bitter water 88

bitternut 82

black 90

Browns 81

buckeye 87

Buckley 91

Carolina 89

coast pignut 84

Demaree 82

Dunbar 82

Florida 83

hammock 85

Laney 86

Louisiana 87

mockernut 91

Nussbaumer 88

nutmeg 88

oval pignut 84

pale 90

pallid 90

pignut 83, 87, 90, 91

red 84

redheart 84

sand 90

scalybark 89

Schneck 90

scrub 83

shagbark 88

shellbark 86, 89

small-fruited 84

smoothbark 87

southern pignut 85

southern shagbark 89

swamp .81, 82, 87, 88

upland 89

water 81

white 92

whiteheart 92

hog-apple 138

hog-apple, he 165

hognut 92

hog-plum 433

hojalito 373

holacantha 206

holly 207,211

American 210

Carolina 207

dahoon 208

deciduous 209

dune 211

evergreen 212

Georgia 209
460 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Page

holly—Cont'd.

hummock 211

Krug 209

largeleaf 209

mountain 210

myrtle-leaved 210

sarvis 207

scrub 211

southern 209

swamp 209

tawnyberry 209

Topel 207

white 211

hollyberry 254

honeylocust 197, 198

common 198

Texas 197

hopbush 175

Florida 176

hophornbeam .249, 250

American 250

eastern 249

Knowlton 249

western 249

hopseedbush 175

Florida 176

hoptree 309, 310

common 310

narrowleaf 309

pale 310

western 310

woolly common 310

hornbeam 80, 250

American 80

horsebean 250

little-leaf 102

horsechestnut .44, 46

horseradish-tree 240

horse-sugar 411

huajillo 276

huisache 32

huisachillo 33

incense-cedar 225, 226

California 226

Indian-almond 414

Indian-bean 96, 178

Indian-cherry 363

Indianfig 247

indigobush 173

inkwood 182, 206

ironwood 74, 75, 80, 114,

173. 180, 182, 249, 250

black 222

swamp 173

island-myrtle 96

islay 297

ivybush 221

Pasn

jaboncillo 398

jabonilla 434

jack, sand 833

jacquinia 213

joewood 213

Jamaica-dogwood 275

Jerusalem-thorn 250

joewood 213

Joshua-tree 433

Judas-tree 103

jujube 438

common 438

jumping-bean, Mexican .. 399

junco 221

juneberry 53, 55

roundleaf 56

jungle-plum 405

juniper .215, 216

alligator 217

Ashe 215

bigberry 219

California 216

checkered-bark 217

cherry-stone 218

common 216

creeping 215

drooping 217

dwarf 216

Mexican 216

Mexican drooping ......... 217

mountain common 217

oldfield common 216

one-seed 217

Pinchot 219

prostrate 216

red 220

redberry 218, 219

river 220

Rocky Mountain 219

Sierra 218

Utah 218

West Texas 218

western 217, 218, 219, 220

kalmia 221

mountain-laurel 221

kidneywood 182, 183

Texas 183

kingnut 86

kinnikinnik 122

knackaway 177

lancewood 243

larch ...223,224

Alaska 223

alpine 224

American 223
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 461

Page

larch—Cont'd.

black 223

eastern 223

European 223

Montana 224

mountain 224

subalpine 224

western 224

laurel 221

laurelcherry 299

Carolina 294

myrtle 298

leadtree 224, 225

great 225

Gregg 225

littleleaf 225

white-popinac 225

leadwood 222

leaf-flower 254

leafflower, Otaheitegooseberry 255

leatherwood 173

mountain 196

southern 173

lebbek 48

lemon . „ 112

Canton 112

lemonade-berry 369

licaria 226

Gulf . „ 226

lidflower 77

myrtle-of-the-river 78

pale 77

lignumvitae 199

holywood 199

roughbark 199

lime Ill

key .., Ill

lime-tree,, wild 438

linden 417

American 418

beetree 420

Carolina 419

Florida 420

linn 417

loblolly-bay 198

locust 372, 373

black 373

clammjr 373

Hartwig 874

Kelsey 372

New-Mexican 873

shipmast 373

southwestern 373

Texas 197

yellow 373

locust-berry 77

logwood 117

lúcuma, canistel 290

lyonia 228

tree 228

lyonothamnus 229

lyontree 229

Page

lysiloma 229

Bahama 229

littleleaf 229

sabicu 229

M

madeira-tree 411

madrone 59

Arizona 59

Pacific 59

Texas 60

madroño 59

Arizona 59

Texas 60

magnolia 230, 233

Ashe 231

bigleaf 232

cucumber 231

cucumbertree 231

evergreen 232, 233

Fraser 232

large-leaf 232

laurel 233

mountain 231, 232

pyramid 232

southern 232

swamp 233

sweetbay 233

umbrella 233

yellow cucumbertree ....... 231

yellow-flower 231

mahaleb 297

mahoe 205

seaside 415

mahogany 369, 411

West Indies 411

maidenbush 400

Bahama 400

manchineel 205, 206

mango 238

common 238

mangrove 365

American 365

red 365

Manzana de puya larga 141

manzanita 60

big 60

bigberry 60

hairy 60

toothed 60

whiteleaf 60

maple 33

ashleaf 38

bigleaf 36

bigtooth 35

black 88

black sugar 88

boxelder 38

broadleaf 87

Carolina red 89

chalk 36

Douglas 85
462 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Page

maple—Cont'd.

Douglas Rocky Mountain 85

Drummond 40

Drummond red 39

dwarf 85

Florida 83

hard 38, 41

Manitoba 88

mountain 85, 42

Norway 83

Oregon 87

planetree 83

red 89, 40

river 40

rock 38, 41

Kocky Mountain 35

scarlet 39

Sierra 85

silver 40

silverleaf 40

soft 39, 40

southern sugar 84

striped 39

sugar 34, 36, 38, 40

swamp 39, 40

Uvalde bigtooth 36

vine 84

water 89, 40

white ....39, 40

marlberry 61

marbleberry 60

mastic 405

mayten 238

guttapercha 238

maytenus 238

mazzard 294

melaleuca 239

mescalbean 406

mesquite 290, 292

common 290

honey 291

screwbean 292

velvet 292

western honey 291

Mexican-buckeye 428, 429

milkbark 176

milktree 899

South America 399

mimosa-tree 48

misanteca 226

Gulf 226

moca 58

mockernut 92

mockorange 230

mock-orange 294

moosewood 89

mountain-ash 407, 408

American 407

California 408

European 407

Pacific 408

showy 407

Sitka 408

Page

mountain-ash—Cont'd.

western 408

mountain-camellia 410

mountain-laurel 221, 871

mountain-mahogany 104

alderleaf 105

bigleaf 105

birchleaf 104

Catalina 105

curlleaf 106

hairy 105

Wright 105

mountain-rosebay 365

mulberry 240

black 241

Mexican 241

mountain 241

red 241

Russian 241

silkworm 240

Texas 241

white 240

myrsine 361

myrtle, Florida 181

myrtle-of-the-river 77

N

nakedwood 116, 117, 180

nannyberry 430

rusty 432

southern 432

nectandra 243

Jamaica 243

New-Mexican-buckeye 429

nightshade 406

mullein 406

nispero 44

nogal 214

nolina 244

Bigelow 244

nut, Mayfield 81

O

oak 811

Abram's 341

Albemarle 314

Alvord 321

Arizona 814

Arizona white 813

Arkansas 314

Arkansas water 314

Ashe 814

barren 839

Bartram 831

basket 840

bastard white 822

Beadle 315

bear 882

Beaumont 815

Bebb 815

Bernard 815
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 463

Page

oak—Cont'd*

Bigelow 322

black ,. .319, 323,

324, 335, 339, 358

blackjack 324, 339

blackwater ....- 355

blue 321, 338

bluejack *.. 333

bluff 322

Bluffton 316

bottom 350

bottomland red 326

brittle leaf 822

Britton 316

bur 338

Bushes 317

caduca 317

California black 335

California blue 321

California live 312

California scrub 321

California shrub 322

California white 337

canyon 318

canyon live 318, 319

Capesius 317

Carolina 320

Catesby 335

Chapman 318

Chapman white 318

cherrybark 325, 326

chestnut 340, 341, 346

chinkapin 341, 346

chinquapin 341

Chisos 329

cinnamon 333

coast live 313

Cocks 312

common red 349

Compton 319

Covington 317

cow 340

Darlington 336

Deam 320

Delta post 354

Demaree 321

diamondleaf 336

Durand 322

Durand white 322

dwarf chestnut 346

dwarf chinkapin 346

dwarf chinquapin 846

dwarf live 360

dwarf post 854

eastern red 349

Eggleston 323

Elliott 326

Emory 324

Engelmann 824

English 849

Epling 824

evergreen black 841

evergreen white 824

Page

oak—Cont'd.

Faxon 326

Femald 826

Fernow 326

Fink 345

fork-leaf white 313

Gambel 327

Gander ..... 328

Garland 328

Garry 329

Georgia 329

Gifford 329

goldcup 318

Graves 330

gray 330, 349

Guadalupe 330

Harbison 330

Hastings 331

Havard 331

Hawkins 331

highland live 361

Hill's 323

huckleberry 318

interior live 360

iron 321, 353

island 356

island live 356

jack 323, 339

Jacks 334

Jolon 334

Joor 334

Kellogg 335

Lacey 335

laurel 333, 335

laurel-leaved 336

Lea 386

leather 321

live 318,358,359

Livermore 334

maul 318

McDonald 322

McNab 338

Mellichamp 339

mesa , 324

Mexican blue 344

Mississippi Valley 354

Mohrs 840

Moreh 341

mossycup 838

mossy-overcup 338

Moulton 841

mounds 332

mountain 821

mountain red 849

mountain white 321

myrtle .342

Ness hybrid 820

netleaf 348

northern pin 323

northern red 825, 849, 350

Nuttall 344

obtusa 886

Oglethorpe 844
464 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Page

oak—Cont'd.

oracle 340

Oregon 829

Oregon white 329

Organ Mountains 345

overcup 338

Palmer 319

peach 346

pin 345, 346

Porter 331

possum 343

post 329, 353, 354

quercitron 358

red 319, 325, 326, 343,

344, 346, 349, 352, 358

Rehder 348

ridge white 313

Robbins 348

rock 341,346

rock chestnut 341, 346

Rocky Mountain shin 358

Rocky Mountain white 328

Rolfs 360

Rudkin 350

runner 354

St. Landry 337

St. Louis 357

sand live 359

sand post 354

sandpaper 347

Saul 351

scarlet 319

Schneck 352

Schneck red 352

Schoch 351

Schuette 351

scrub 323. 332, 335, 338,

340, 342, 347, 357, 358

scrub live 359

scrubby post 354

shin 323, 331, 333, 340, 347, 358

shingle 333

shinglepin 324

shinnery 331

shrub live 857

Shumard 352

Shumard red 852

Shumargra 342

Sierra live 361

silverleaf 832

Smalls 853

smooth-bark 858

southern red 325, 350, 852

Spanish 319, 825, 345, 352

spotted 343, 352

stave 813

stelloides 355

Sterrett 855

substellata 855

swamp 845

swamp chestnut 340, 347

swamp laurel 336

swamp post....... . 338

Page

oak—Cont'd.

swamp red 326, 352

swamp Spanish 326, 345

swamp white 316, 338

swamp willow 346

switch 358

Texas 352

Texas red 352

Tharp 356

Tharp live 342

Tourney 356

Towne 356

turkey 333, 835

upland willow 333

Utah white 328

valley 337

valley white 337

Vasey 347

Virginia live 859

* Walter 360

water 314, 325, 386, 337, 343

water white 338

wavyleaf 357

weeping 337

white 313, 316, 322, 323, 328,

329, 337, 338, 340, 346

white leaf 332

white live 318

Willdenow 360

willow 345

yellow 841, 354, 358

yellow chestnut 341

yellowbark 358

ocotea, Jamaica 243

Ogeechee-lime 245

oilnut 214

old-manVbeard 109

oleander 243, 244

oleaster 177

olive-tree, black 72

>possum-wood 202

orange 112

bitter 280

bittersweet 112

mandarin Ill

Seville 112

sour 112

sweet 112

Oregon-cedar 108

Oregon-myrtle 428

Oregon-pine 805

Osage-orange 230

osier 895

common 395

golden 878

silky 395

osmanthus 248

bigfruit 249

devilwood 249

osoberry 249

Otaheite-gooseberry • '255

oysterwood 200, 201

shiny 201
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 465

Page

Pacific-myrtle 428

palm

date 254

seamberry 115

palma 436

palma de micharo 376

palmetto 374, 375, 376

cabbage 375

Carolina 375

common 375

dwarf 375

Louisiana 375

Rio Grande 376

silktop 416

silvertop 416

Texas 375

Victoria 376

palmilla 434

paloblanco 98, 99

palo de hierro 246

palo de tea 57

palo fierro 246

paloverde 101, 102, 250

paloverde azul 102

blue 101

border 102

foothill 102

littleleaf 102

Mexican 250

Texas 102

yellow 102

papaya 79

paper-mulberry 71

common 72

paradise-flower 32

paradise-tree 405

parasoltree, Chinese 185

parkinsonia 250

paurotis 251

saw 252

paulownia 251

royal 251

pawpaw .62, 79

common 62

peaberry-palm 415

peach 292, 299

common 300

peachbrush, Fremont 296

pear SlO, 311

common 811

pecan. 81, 82, 85, 88

bitter 81, 86

wild 81

pepperidge 246

peppertree 401

California 401

Peruvian 401

pepperwood 428

persea 252

redbay 253

swampbay 253

Page

persimmon 174,175

black 174

common 174

eastern 175

Mexican 174

Texas 174

Phoenix-tree 185

photinia 254

pigeonberry 362

pigeon-plum 115

pignut 82, 84

sweet 84

pilocereus, Matecumbe 101

pinabete 270

pinckneya 259

pine 260

Apache 265

Arizona 270

Arizona longleaf 265

Arizona ponderosa 270

Arkansas 264, 273

Austrian 269

Banksian 262

bishop 268

black 263

blackjack 270

border limber 266

border white 266

bristlecone 261

bull 270, 272

California sugar 267

Carribbean 264

cedar 266

Chihuahua 267

coast 263

Colorado pinyon 264

Coulter V 263

Digger 272

eastern white 273

foxtail 261

gray 272

hard 269

heart 269

hickory 261, 271

Idaho white 268

Jeffrey 267

Jersey 274

jack 261

knobcone 261

limber 265, 266

loblolly 273

lodgepole 263

longleaf 264, 269

longleaf yellow 269

longstraw 269

marsh 272

Mexican pinyon 262

Mexican white 266

Monterey 271

mountain 271

North Carolina 264, 273, 274

northern 273

northern white 273
466 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Page

pine—Cont'd.

Norway 271

nut 262, 264, 268, 271

oldfield 273

Parry pinyon 271

pinyon 262, 264

pitch 263, 265, 269, 272

pocosin 272

pond 272

ponderosa 270

pondosa 270

prickle-cone 269

prickly 271

red 271

rock 270

Rocky Mountain ponderosa.. 270

Rocky Mountain white 266

sand 262

Santa Cruz Island 269

Scotch 273

Scots 273

scrub 260, 262, 263, 274

shore 263

shortleaf 263, 273

shortleaf yellow 264

silver 268

singleleaf pinyon 268

slash 264

South Florida slash 265

southern ... .264, 265, 269, 272, 273

southern yellow 264, 266,

269, 272

soft 273

Sonderegger 272

spruce 262, 266, 274

sugar 267

swamp 265

Table-Mountain 270

tamarack 263

Torrey 273

Virginia 274

Walter 266

Washoe 274

western white 268

western yellow 267, 270

Weymouth ^. 273

white .260, 266, 268, 273

whitebark 260

yellow .264, 267, 270

yellow slash 265

pino real 267, 270

pino real bianco 29

pino real bianco de las sierras, ^ 30

pinyon 262, 264, 26S, 271

Mexican 262

Parry 271

singleleaf 268

pisonia 275

pis4a<=¥ iZI Mexican Í12

Texas 275

pistachio

American • • • 275

Page

pistachio—Cont'd.

wild 275

pitahaya 107

planertree 277

planetree 278

American 278

Arizona 278

California 278

plum 292,295

Allegheny 293

American 293

bigtree 298

bullace 297

Canada 299

Chickasaw 294

Damson 295

flatwoods 303

garden 295

hog 303

horse 299

hortulan 296

inch 293

Klamath 302

Mexican 298

Miner 296

Munson 298

Pacific 302

red .293, 299

river 293

sand 294

Sierra 302

sloe 293

western 302

wild 293, 296, 299, 302

wildgoose .296, 298

woollyleaf 293

yellow 293

plume-tree 104

poinciana 278

dwarf 279

flowerfence 279

Mexican 279

paradise 279

royal 174

poison-dogwood 423

poison-elder 423

poison-ivy 423

poison-oak 423

Pacific 4?§

poison-sumac 423

poisontree 239

Florida 240

West Indies 240

poisonwood 240

polecat-tree 212

pomegranate •> 310

common • 810

pomette bleue 131

pond-apple , ^°

pondcypress v- - 413

poplar 228, 280, 286, 288

Andrews 281

balm-of-Gilead ............ 283
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 467

Page

poplar—Cont'd.

balsam 282, 285

black 281

Bolleana 281

California 289

Carolina 281, 284

curly 281

downy 286

eastern 284

Fremont 285

gray 281

heartleaf balsam 283

heartleaf tacamahac 283

Jacks 287

lanceleaf 281

Lombardy 281

narrowleaf 282

necklace 284

Palmer 287

Parry 287

plains 288

Rio Grande 286

silver 281

swamip 286

tacamahac 283

trembling 288

western balsam 289

white 281

popple 286, 288

porlieria 289

Texas 290

portiatree 415

Port-Orford-cedar 107

possumhaw 208, 431

Cnrtiss 209

potato-tree 406

prickly-ash 59, 436

Bisca;jme , 437

common 436

Hercules-club 437

lime 438

northern 436

southern 437

Texas Hercules-club ....... 437

yellowheart 438

pricklypear 247

Brazil 247

mission 248

pride-of-India 239

princess-tree 251

princewood 182

Caribbean 182

privet 226

California 227

European 227

glossy 227

punk-tree 239

purple-laurel 865

Q

quercitron 858

quinine-bush 124, 196

!til , Page

rapanea 361

Guiana 361

rattlebox 173

purple 174

redbay 252

dune 253

redberry

hollyleaf 363

island 364

redbud 102, 103

Arizona 103

California 103

eastern 103

Mexican 103

Texas 103

western 403

red-cardinal 178

redcedar 215, 220

eastern 220

Pacific . 417

Rocky Mountain 220

southern 220

western 417

redgum 227

redheart 97

red-ironwood 361

redwood 403

California 403

coast 403

Sierra 402

retama 250

rhacoma 169

maravedí 169

rhododendron 365

California 366

catawba 365

coast 366

great 366

Pacific 366

rosebay 366

white 366

roble 314, 337

roble negro 324

rosario 206

rosebay 366

California 366

rose-of-Sharon 204

rowan-tree 407

royalpalm 374

Cuban 374

Florida 374

rubber-plant, India 184

Russian-olive 177

S

sabina 218, 219

sabino 414

sacred-mustard 244

saffron-plum 72
468 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U, S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Page

sage 61

black 61

blue 61

sagebrush • 61

basin 61

big 61

common 61

sagrada, cascara 364

saguaro 107

salt-cedar 412

Santa-Cruz-ironwood 229

sapgum 227

sapium 399

Brazil 399

jumping-bean 399

sapodilla 43

wild 43

sarviceberry 53

saskatoon B3

sassafras 399, 400

common 400

satinleaf 110

satinwood 438

sauce 376

sauco 397

sauz * 376

savin 220

saw-cabbage-palm 252

saw-palmetto 403

scarletbush 203

schaefferia 400

screwbean, Fremont 292

seagrape 114, 115

common 115

pigeon 115

sea-myrtle 63

senita 107

sequoia 402

giant 402

serviceberry 53, 54, 55

Allegheny 55

apple 55

Bartram 54

downy 53

Huron 56

inland 55

Pacific 54

roundleaf 56

saskatoon 53

shadblow 54

Utah ....'. 56

western 54

sesbania 404

agati 404

seven-year-apple 1"7

shadblow 53

shadbush 53, 55

shore 56

western 53

shagbark 39

she-balsam 29

sheepberry 430

Page

shellbark

big 86

bottom 86

thick 86

western 86

shinglewood 417

shorebay 253

shrub-althea 204

silkbay 253

silktassel 196

coast 196

tree 196

wavyleaf 196

Wright 196

silktree 48

silky-camellia 409

silky-oak 199

silverbell 201, 202

Carolina 201

Florida 202

little 202

Meehan 202

mountain 202

two-wing 202

silverpalm 115

Florida 115

simarouba 405

skyflower

creeping 176

golddrop 176

slippery-elm, California 196

sloe .....293,302,303

Allegheny 293

black 303

northern 293

smokethorn 173

smoketree 124, 173

American 124

snowbell 410

bigleaf 410

snowbrush 97

snowdrop-tree 202

soapberry 398

Florida 398

southern 399

western 398

wingleaf 399

soapweed 434

soldierwood 116

sophora 406

mescalbean 406

pink 406

Texas 406

sorrel-tree 250

sour-gum 245, 246

sourwood 250

southernplume 177

Spanish-buckeye 429

sparkleberry 429

tree 429

spindletree 181

spiny-myrtle 97

spice-tree 428
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 469

Page

spiccwood 77, 78

white 77

spruce .. • 255

Alberta white 257

black 257

Black Hills 256

blue 258

bog 258

Brewer 255

Canadian 256

coast 259

Colorado 258

Colorado blue 258

Columbian 256

eastern 256, 258

Engelmann .. 255

hemlock 424

Lutz 257

mountain 256

Norway 255

Porsild 257

red 258

shortleaf black 258

silver 256, 258

Sitka 258

skunk 256

swamp 258

tideland 259

weeping 255

western white 257

white 256

yellow 258, 259

squawbush 122

stagbush 431

stagger-bush 229

star-anise 212

starapple 110

satinleaf 110

starbush 212

stewartia 409

angle-fruited 410

mountain 410

round-fruited 409

Virginia 409

Stinkbush 212

stinking-cedar 422

stopper 179, 180, 181

gurgeon 181

naked 180

red 180, 181

Spanish 181

white 179

storax 410

strongback 71

rough 71

strongbark 71

Bahama 71

ovalleaf 71

rough 71

sugar-apple 58

sugarberry .97, 99

Texas 98

sugarbush 871

sumac 366,

chaparral

dwarf 367,368,

flameleaf

Kearney

laurel

lemonade

littleleaf

mahogany

Mearns

prairie

prairie flameleaf

prairie shining

scarlet

shining

smooth

southern

staghom

sugar

Texan

velvet

white flameleaf

winged

summer-sweet

swampbay -. .233,

swamp-cedar 108,

swamp-privet

sweetbay

southern

sweetgum

American

sweethaw

sweetleaf

common

sweetsop

sycamore

American

Arizona

California

western

Page

367

371

370

367

369

370

369

370

369

367

369

370

370

.277,

367

368

771

371

370

370

371

368

367

113

253

416

185

233

233

227

227

431

411

411

59

278

278

278

278

278

tacamahac 283

talisia

Florida 411

Guiana 411

tallowtree 399

Chinese 399

tallowwood 432, 433

tamarack 223, 224

western 224

tamarind 412

tamarisk 412

five-stamen * 412

French 412

smallflower 412

tanbark-oak 228

tangerine HI

tanoak 228

tasajo 247

tasseltree 196
470 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Page

terminalia 414

tropical-almond 415

tesota 246

tetrazygia 415

Florida 415

thatch, brittle 115, 416

thatch-leaf 411

thatchpalm 115, 415, 416

Jamaica 416

silktop 416

thespesia 415

thorn 125

ample-leaved 139

Arnold 180

Asa Gray 142

Blanchard 146

Bosc 142

Boynton 131

Brainerd 182

Canadian 134

Canby 184

Caughuawaga 162

Chapman hill 136

Cocks 135

cockspur 138

dotted 158

Douglas 140

downy 151

Dunbar 130

dwarf 166

Eggert 135

Ellwanger 154

Emerson 162

Fretz 160

fruitful 141

Gattinger 143

glistening 154

green 168

Gruber 156

Holmes 145

Jesup 146

large-fruited 158

long-spined 164

Maine 147

May 152

Miss Jones 147

Missouri 139

Mrs. Ashe's 150

Newcastle 138

Padus-leaved 153

parsley-leaved 150

pear 133

prairie 155

Pringle 157

Reverchon 159

Roan Mountain 149

roundleaf 135

royal 130

scarlet 154

shining 152

small-fruited 162

smooth 147

southern 168

Pa«re

thorn—Cont'd.

spathulate 162

variable 149

thin-leaved 145

Washington 156

waxy-fruited 157

white 152,158

willow 161

woolly 147

thorn-apple 125

Columbia 136

Douglas 140

Piper 136

western 140

thuja 416

titi ..114,229

black 114

red 173

white 173

tobacco 244

tree 244

toothache-tree 436, 437

torchwood 57

balsam 57

tomillo 292

torote 76

torreya * 421

California 421

Florida 422

toyon 254

tree-cactus 101

tree-huckleberry 429

tree-of-Heaven — 48

trema 423

Florida 423

West Indies 423

trifoliate-orange 280

tronadora 244

tulip-poplar 228

tuliptree 227, 228

túpelo 245, 246

bear 246

black 245

Ogeechee 245

sour • 245

swamp 245, 246

swamp black 246

water 245

tupelo-gum 245, 246

sour 245

turkey-apple 145

U

umbrella-tree 233, 239

uña de gato 82

uñas del gato 32

V

vamîsh-tree, Japanese 185

vauquelinia 429

Torrey 430
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 471

Page

velvetseed 200

Everglades 200

roughleaf 200

viburnum 430

blackhaw 431

nannyberry 430

possumhaw 430

rusty blackhaw 432

small-leaved 431

sweet 430

Walter 431

withered 431

virgilia 113

W

wafer-ash 810

wahoo 181, 426

eastern 181

western 182

walnut 213, 214

American 215

Arizona 214

Arizona black 214

black 215

California 213

California black 213

eastern black 215

Hinds 214

Hinds black 214

little 214

river 214

southern California black... 213

Texas 214

Texas black .... . 214

white 214

washingtonia 432

California 432

Washington-palm 432

California 432

waterelm 277

waterlocust 197

waxmyrtle 241, 242, 243;

Macfarlane 242

odorless . 243

Pacific 242

southern 242

western 242

waythorn, European 363

white-alder 113

white-cedar 107, 108, 416

Atlantic 108

desert 216

eastern 416

northern 416

Port-Orford 108

southern 108

white-ironwood 206

white-mangrove 222

white-poplar 228

whitewood 176, 186, 228, 401

wild-coffee 116

Paffe

wildcoffee 309

Bahama 809

Seminóle 309

wild-dilly 43

wild-lime 438

wild-olive 118, 186, 405

wild-orange 294

wild-peach 294

wild-tamarind 229

willow 376, 392

acequia 384

almond 378

almondleaf 878

arroyo 389, 395

Babylon weeping 879

balsam 393

basket 384, 395

beaked 380

Bebb 879

bigleaf 378

black 386, 388, 391, 394

bog 393

Bonpland 380

brittle 385

caudate 381

coast 887

Coastal Plain 380

cordate 383

Coulter 382

coyote 383

crack 884

dark sandbar 391

diamond 383

Dudley 386

dusky 391

European white 878

false mountain 892

feltleaf 377

fire 894

Florida 884

Geyer 885

Glatfelter 385

glaucous 882

golden 378

Goodding 885

gray sandbar 884

heartleaf 383

Hinds 386

Hooker 387

laurel 876

littletree 879

long-beaked 880

Mackenzie 391

meadow 893

Missouri 883

Missouri Eiver 883

mountain 894

Napoleon 879

narrowleaf 884

northwest 894

Nuttall 894

Pacific 888

park 892
472 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 41 Ü. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Page

willow—Cont'd.

peach 378

peachleaf 378

polished 888

purple-osier 876

pussy 882

red 388

river 384, 388

sandbar 876, 384, 387, 394

satin 394

Scouler 394

serviceberry 392

shining 390

shiny 390

silky 394, 395

silver 385

silvery pussy 382

Sitka 394

slender 384, 393

snap *.. • 385

soft-leaved 394

southwestern peach 378

strapleaf 389

swamp 392

Tourney 380

Tracy 395

valley 387

velvet .382, 394

Ward 381

weeping 379

western black 381, 386, 388

whiplash 381

white 378, 389

Wright 378

Wright peachleaf 378

Yakutat 378

yellow 378, 388, 390

yellowstem white 378

yew 395

yewleaf 395

Fase

winterberry 209, 211

common 211

mountain i... 209

smooth 209

winter-huckleberry 429

witch-hazel 202, 203

common 203

southern 203

vernal 203

wormwood 61

yaupon 212

yellow-cedar 108

Alaska 108

yellowheart 438

yellow-poplar 227

yellowwood 113, 401, 411, 438

American 113

yew 414

Florida 414

Pacific 414

western 414

yuca 435

yucca 433

aloe 433

beaked 435

Carneros 434

Faxon 434

hoary 435

Joshua-tree 434

Mohave 435

moundlily ., 435

mountain 435

Schotts 435

soaptree 434

Torrey 435

Trecul 436

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