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<p>The EDGAR<sup>®</sup> Renderer/Previewer is used to both validate XBRL submissions to EDGAR and to create human-readable renderings of XBRL data that can be viewed on the EDGAR website.</p>

<p>To assist filers and other users of XBRL data, the version of the EDGAR Renderer/Previewer used by the SEC is freely available as an open source standalone program and may be included within other software packages.</p>

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<p>The Renderer/Previewer shows how an XBRL submission will appear on the SEC's website once submitted via EDGAR, and it displays any error and warning messages that will be seen when filing in EDGAR.</p>

<p>For details about the effect of XBRL errors and warnings on submission acceptance, please see Question A.3.</p>

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              <p class="modified-date"><em>Modified: April 26, 2018</em>
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