TABLE OF CONTENTS

FINAL EIS – LOST CREEK URANIUM IN-SITU RECOVERY PROJECT i

July 2012

Table of Contents

Volume 1 of 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................................................................ES-1

Table of Contents..................................................................................................... i

Abbreviation and Acronym List ......................................................................... xxii

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1-1

2.0 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES .................................... 2-1

3.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT............................................................... 3-1

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES, MONITORING, 

AND IMPACTS................................................................................................ 4.1-1

5.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS..................................................................... 5-1

6.0 TRIBES, INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS OR AGENCIES 

CONSULTED...................................................................................................... 6-1

7.0 LIST OF PREPARERS............................................................................ 7-1

Volume 2 of 2

8.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................ 8-1

GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................... G-1

INDEX .................................................................................................................I-1

APPENDICES

Detailed Table of Contents

Volume 1 of 2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................................................................ES-1

Table of Contents..................................................................................................... i

Abbreviation and Acronym List ......................................................................... xxii

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Identifying Information....................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Site Location ....................................................................................... 1-4

1.3 Purpose and Need................................................................................ 1-8

1.3.1 Bureau of Land Management.......................................................... 1-8

1.3.2 Lost Creek ISR, LLC Interests and Objectives............................... 1-8

1.3.3 Decisions to be Made...................................................................... 1-9

1.4 Applicable Statutes, Regulations, and Associated Requirements....... 1-9

1.4.1 NEPA Compliance.......................................................................... 1-9

1.4.2 Land Use Plan Conformance ........................................................ 1-10

1.4.3 Conformance with Other Federal, State, and County 

Requirements ................................................................................ 1-10

1.5 Scoping and Public Involvement ...................................................... 1-15

1.5.1 BLM.............................................................................................. 1-15

1.5.2 Other Agencies.............................................................................. 1-16
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1.6 Issues and Concerns.......................................................................... 1-17

2.0 PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES .................................... 2-1

2.1 Proposed Action.................................................................................. 2-1

2.1.1 Summary of the Proposed Action .................................................. 2-1

2.1.2 Site Facilities.................................................................................. 2-5

2.1.2.1 Process Plant and Utilities.................................................... 2-5

2.1.2.2 Storage Ponds ....................................................................... 2-6

2.1.2.3 Mine Units............................................................................ 2-8

2.1.2.4 UIC Class I Wells............................................................... 2-11

2.1.2.5 Roads .................................................................................. 2-12

2.1.2.6 Fences................................................................................. 2-14

2.1.3 Construction ................................................................................. 2-15

2.1.3.1 Initial Construction ............................................................. 2-15

2.1.3.2 Mine Unit Development ..................................................... 2-15

2.1.4 Operation (Production)................................................................. 2-18

2.1.4.1 Mine Units.......................................................................... 2-18

2.1.4.2 Plant .................................................................................... 2-19

2.1.4.3 Instrumentation and Control............................................... 2-21

2.1.4.4 Effluent Control Systems.................................................... 2-22

2.1.5 Reclamation.................................................................................. 2-28

2.1.5.1 Mine Unit Restoration and Reclamation ............................ 2-28

2.1.5.2 Final Reclamation............................................................... 2-30

2.1.6 Schedule ....................................................................................... 2-35

2.1.6.1 Construction........................................................................ 2-35

2.1.6.2 Operation (Production)....................................................... 2-37

2.1.6.3 Reclamation ........................................................................ 2-38

2.1.6.4 Schedule Adjustments ........................................................ 2-45

2.1.7 Monitoring.................................................................................... 2-45

2.1.8 Prevention, Reporting, and Correction of Accidental Releases... 2-52

2.1.8.1 Prevention........................................................................... 2-52

2.1.8.2 Reporting ............................................................................ 2-55

2.1.8.3 Corrective Action................................................................ 2-55

2.2 Agency-Required Measures.............................................................. 2-55

2.3 Alternatives Development................................................................. 2-64

2.3.1 Alternatives Evaluated in Detail................................................... 2-64

2.3.1.1 No Action Alternative......................................................... 2-64

2.3.1.2 Alternative of Not Fencing the Pattern Areas..................... 2-65

2.3.1.3 Drying Yellowcake On-Site Alternative (Preferred 

Alternative).......................................................................................... 2-65

2.3.2 Comparative Summary of Impacts............................................... 2-66

2.3.3 Alternatives Considered and Eliminated from Detailed Study .... 2-81

2.3.3.1 Portable Drill Pits and Closed Loop Drilling Systems....... 2-81

2.3.3.2 Alternative Mining Methods............................................... 2-84

2.3.3.3 Alternative Waste Water Disposal Methods....................... 2-85

2.3.3.4 Phased Development of Mine Units................................... 2-87

2.3.3.5 Alternative Lixiviants......................................................... 2-91
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2.3.3.6 Shipping Uranium-Laden Resin ......................................... 2-92

2.3.3.7 Alternate Plant Locations ................................................... 2-93

2.3.3.8 Alternate Routes for the East and West Access Roads....... 2-93

3.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT............................................................... 3-1

3.1 Land Use .......................................................................................... 3.1-1

3.1.1 Historic and Existing Land Use .................................................. 3.1-1

3.1.1.1 Livestock Grazing.............................................................. 3.1-1

3.1.1.2 Wildlife Habitat ................................................................. 3.1-4

3.1.1.3 Dispersed Recreation ......................................................... 3.1-7

3.1.1.4 Minerals and Energy Development ................................... 3.1-8

3.1.1.5 Infrastructure.................................................................... 3.1-16

3.1.1.6 Wilderness Characteristics............................................... 3.1-16

3.1.2 Planned Land Use...................................................................... 3.1-18

3.1.2.1 Minerals and Energy Development ................................. 3.1-18

3.1.2.2 Infrastructure.................................................................... 3.1-20

3.2 Transportation .................................................................................. 3.2-1

3.2.1 Regional Transportation Corridors.............................................. 3.2-1

3.2.2 On-Site Transportation Corridors................................................ 3.2-4

3.3 Geology, Ore Mineralogy, and Seismology..................................... 3.3-1

3.3.1 Regional Geology........................................................................ 3.3-1

3.3.1.1 Stratigraphy......................................................................... 3.3-1

3.3.1.2 Structure.............................................................................. 3.3-8

3.3.2 Permit Area and Mine Unit Geology .......................................... 3.3-8

3.3.2.1 Ore-Bearing and Associated Formations in the Main Permit 

Area..................................................................................... 3.3-9

3.3.2.2 Ore-Bearing and Associated Formations in MU1 ............ 3.3-10

3.3.2.3 Deeper Formations Evaluated for UIC Class I Wells....... 3.3-10

3.3.2.4 Stratigraphy....................................................................... 3.3-10

3.3.2.5 Ore-Bearing and Associated Formations - Main Permit 

Area................................................................................... 3.3-11

3.3.2.6 Deeper Formations Evaluated for UIC Class I Wells....... 3.3-14

3.3.2.7 Structure............................................................................ 3.3-14

3.3.3 Ore Mineralogy and Geochemistry ........................................... 3.3-15

3.3.4 Seismology................................................................................ 3.3-17

3.3.4.1 Historic Seismicity............................................................ 3.3-18

3.3.4.2 UBC and International Building Code.............................. 3.3-22

3.3.4.3 Deterministic Analysis of Active Fault Systems.............. 3.3-24

3.3.4.4 Maximum Tectonic Province Earthquake “Floating 

Earthquake” Seismogenic Source ..................................... 3.3-24

3.3.4.5 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and IBC............... 3.3-26

3.4 Soils.................................................................................................. 3.4-1

3.4.1 2006 Order 3 Soil Survey ............................................................ 3.4-2

3.4.2 2008 Geotechnical Study ............................................................. 3.4-2

3.4.3 2008 Order 1 Soil Survey ............................................................ 3.4-9

3.4.4 2009 Order 1 Soil Survey ............................................................ 3.4-9

3.4.5 2009 Order 3 Soil Survey .......................................................... 3.4-26
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3.4.6 Areas of Limited Reclamation Potential and Prior Surface 

Disturbance ................................................................................ 3.4-26

3.5 Surface Waters, Wetlands and Aquatic Ecology ............................. 3.5-1

3.5.1 Surface Waters ............................................................................ 3.5-1

3.5.1.1 Surface Water Features...................................................... 3.5-2

3.5.1.2 Streamflow......................................................................... 3.5-7

3.5.1.3 Surface Water Quality ....................................................... 3.5-8

3.5.1.4 Surface Water Uses.......................................................... 3.5-11

3.5.2 Wetlands.................................................................................... 3.5-18

3.5.3 USACE Jurisdiction .................................................................. 3.5-20

3.5.4 Aquatic Ecology........................................................................ 3.5-20

3.6 Groundwater..................................................................................... 3.6-1

3.6.1 Regional Groundwater Hydrology .............................................. 3.6-1

3.6.1.1 Lewis Shale ....................................................................... 3.6-3

3.6.1.2 Fox Hills Formation .......................................................... 3.6-3

3.6.1.3 Lance Formation................................................................ 3.6-3

3.6.1.4 Fort Union Formation........................................................ 3.6-4

3.6.1.5 Battle Spring Formation-Wasatch Formation ................... 3.6-4

3.6.1.6 Undifferentiated Tertiary and Quaternary Sediments ....... 3.6-6

3.6.2 Site Groundwater Hydrology ...................................................... 3.6-8

3.6.2.1 Hydrostratigraphic Units................................................. 3.6-15

3.6.2.2 Potentiometric Surfaces................................................... 3.6-17

3.6.2.3 Aquifer Testing................................................................ 3.6-24

3.6.3 Groundwater Use....................................................................... 3.6-37

3.6.3.1 BLM Wells...................................................................... 3.6-37

3.6.3.2 LCI Wells........................................................................ 3.6-48

3.6.4 Groundwater Quality................................................................. 3.6-48

3.6.4.1 Regional Groundwater Quality ....................................... 3.6-48

3.6.4.2 Site Groundwater Quality, Ore-Bearing and Associated 

Aquifers........................................................................... 3.6-50

3.6.4.3 MU1 Groundwater Quality, Ore-Bearing and Associated 

Aquifers........................................................................... 3.6-78

3.6.4.4 Site Groundwater Quality, Deeper Formations Evaluated for 

UIC Class I Wells............................................................ 3.6-78

3.7 Vegetation ........................................................................................ 3.7-1

3.7.1 Vegetation Studies Performed ..................................................... 3.7-1

3.7.2 Results of Vegetation Studies Performed .................................... 3.7-7

3.7.2.1 Upland Big Sagebrush Shrubland Type ............................ 3.7-7

3.7.2.2 Lowland Big Sagebrush Shrubland Type........................ 3.7-17

3.7.2.3 Endangered or Threatened Species ................................. 3.7-18

3.7.2.4 Weeds and Vegetation Communities with Limited 

Reclamation Potential...................................................... 3.7-22

3.8 Wildlife ............................................................................................ 3.8-1

3.8.1 Habitat Description and Wildlife Species................................... 3.8-1

3.8.2 Methods....................................................................................... 3.8-2

3.8.2.1 File and Data Searches........................................................ 3.8-2
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3.8.2.2 Field Surveys .................................................................... 3.8-21

3.8.3 Results....................................................................................... 3.8-21

3.8.3.1 Big Game .......................................................................... 3.8-21

3.8.3.2 Greater Sage-Grouse......................................................... 3.8-28

3.8.3.3 Raptors.............................................................................. 3.8-44

3.8.3.4 Waterfowl and Shorebirds ................................................ 3.8-47

3.8.3.5 Passerine and Breeding Birds ........................................... 3.8-47

3.8.3.6 Migratory Birds of High Federal Interest ......................... 3.8-48

3.8.3.7 Other Mammals ................................................................ 3.8-49

3.8.3.8 Federal T&E Species, BLM Special Status Species, and StateListed Species of Concern ................................................ 3.8-49

3.8.3.9 Reptiles and Amphibians.................................................. 3.8-61

3.8.3.10 Fish and Aquatic Life........................................................ 3.8-61

3.9 Wild Horses...................................................................................... 3.9-1

3.10 Meteorology, Climatology and Air Quality................................... 3.10-1

3.10.1 Meteorology and Climatology .................................................. 3.10-1

3.10.1.1 Temperature..................................................................... 3.10-3

3.10.1.2 Precipitation..................................................................... 3.10-6

3.10.1.3 Humidity and Evaporation............................................... 3.10-7

3.10.1.4 Wind, Mixing, and Stability ............................................ 3.10-8

3.10.1.5 Comparison of Local and Regional Data......................... 3.10-8

3.10.1.6 Violent Weather............................................................. 3.10-12

3.10.1.7 Climate Change ............................................................. 3.10-13

3.10.2 Air Quality - Non-Radiological Parameters............................ 3.10-13

3.10.2.1 Air Quality Standards.................................................... 3.10-13

3.10.2.2 Air Particulate Sampling................................................ 3.10-15

3.10.2.3 Greenhouse Gases.......................................................... 3.10-18

3.11 Noise .............................................................................................. 3.11-1

3.11.1 Definition ................................................................................... 3.11-1

3.11.2 Ambient Noise in the Permit Area............................................. 3.11-1

3.12 Historic and Cultural Resources..................................................... 3.12-1

3.12.1 Overview of Historic and Cultural Setting................................ 3.12-1

3.12.2 Archaeological Surveys............................................................. 3.12-2

3.12.2.1 Archaeological Survey Results........................................ 3.12-3

3.12.3 Agency and Public Consultation ............................................... 3.12-3

3.12.3.1 State Historic Preservation Office ................................... 3.12-3

3.12.3.2 Nuclear Regulatory Commission..................................... 3.12-4

3.12.3.3 Bureau of Indian Affairs.................................................. 3.12-4

3.12.3.4 Tribal Governments......................................................... 3.12-4

3.12.4 Paleontological Resources......................................................... 3.12-5

3.13 Visual and Scenic Resources ......................................................... 3.13-1

3.13.1 Visual and Scenic Classifications.............................................. 3.13-1

3.13.2 Visual and Scenic Quality of the Permit Area ........................... 3.13-3

3.14 Socioeconomic Conditions ............................................................ 3.14-1

3.14.1 Introduction ............................................................................... 3.14-1

3.14.2 Study Area................................................................................. 3.14-1
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3.14.3 Demographics............................................................................ 3.14-1

3.14.4 Economic Trends and Characteristics..................................... 3.14-11

3.14.4.1 Gross Domestic Product ................................................ 3.14-11

3.14.4.2 Revenue and Taxation ................................................... 3.14-14

3.14.4.3 Labor and Employment ................................................. 3.14-19

3.14.4.4 Income ........................................................................... 3.14-22

3.14.4.5 Cost of Living................................................................ 3.14-23

3.14.4.6 Housing.......................................................................... 3.14-25

3.14.5 Infrastructure and Services...................................................... 3.14-29

3.14.5.1 Education ....................................................................... 3.14-29

3.14.5.2 Health Care .................................................................... 3.14-30

3.14.5.3 Law Enforcement and Fire Protection........................... 3.14-31

3.14.5.4 Communications............................................................ 3.14-31

3.14.5.5 Utilities .......................................................................... 3.14-32

3.14.5.6 Recreation...................................................................... 3.14-32

3.15 Background Radiology................................................................... 3.15-1

3.15.1 Permit-Wide Gamma Radiation Survey and Initial Soil 

Sampling ................................................................................................ 3.15-1

3.15.1.1 Methods........................................................................... 3.15-2

3.15.1.2 Results............................................................................. 3.15-5

3.15.2 Radon, Passive Gamma, and Radiological Air Particulate 

Monitoring ............................................................................................. 3.15-9

3.15.2.1 Radon and Passive Gamma Monitoring.......................... 3.15-9

3.15.2.2 Radiological Air Particulate Monitoring....................... 3.15-13

3.15.3 Additional Radiological Studies.............................................. 3.15-16

3.15.3.1 Vegetation and Associated Surface Soil Sampling ....... 3.15-16

3.15.3.2 Soil Profile Sampling .................................................... 3.15-16

3.15.3.3 Sediment Sampling........................................................ 3.15-20

3.15.3.4 Food and Fish Sampling................................................ 3.15-20

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES, MONITORING, 

AND IMPACTS................................................................................................ 4.1-1

4.1 Resource Impact Evaluations........................................................... 4.1-1

4.1.1 Impact Significance ..................................................................... 4.1-2

4.1.2 Impact Scale................................................................................. 4.1-2

4.1.3 Impact Duration ........................................................................... 4.1-2

4.2 Land Use .......................................................................................... 4.2-1

4.2.1 Agency-Required Measures........................................................ 4.2-1

4.2.2 Monitoring of Land Use Impacts ................................................ 4.2-2

4.2.3 Impact Significance Criteria........................................................ 4.2-2

4.2.4 Land Use Impacts from the Proposed Action ............................. 4.2-3

4.2.4.1 Livestock Grazing.............................................................. 4.2-3

4.2.4.2 Wildlife Habitat ................................................................. 4.2-5

4.2.4.3 Dispersed Recreation ......................................................... 4.2-7

4.2.4.4 Mineral and Energy Development..................................... 4.2-8

4.2.4.5 Infrastructure...................................................................... 4.2-9

4.2.5 Land Use Impacts from Other Alternatives ................................ 4.2-9
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4.2.5.1 No Action Alternative........................................................ 4.2-9

4.2.5.2 Other Action Alternatives.................................................. 4.2-9

4.3 Transportation .................................................................................. 4.3-1

4.3.1 Agency Required Measures......................................................... 4.3-1

4.3.1.1 Road Installation or Improvement..................................... 4.3-1

4.3.1.2 Road Maintenance............................................................. 4.3-1

4.3.1.3 Road Removal ................................................................... 4.3-1

4.3.1.4 Safety................................................................................. 4.3-2

4.3.2 Transportation Monitoring........................................................... 4.3-2

4.3.3 Impact Significance Criteria ........................................................ 4.3-3

4.3.4 Transportation Impacts from the Proposed Action...................... 4.3-3

4.3.4.1 Construction ...................................................................... 4.3-8

4.3.4.2 Operation ........................................................................... 4.3-8

4.3.4.3 Reclamation....................................................................... 4.3-9

4.3.5 Transportation Impacts from Other Alternatives ........................ 4.3-10

4.3.5.1 No Action Alternative ..................................................... 4.3-10

4.3.5.2 Other Action Alternatives ............................................... 4.3-10

4.4 Geology............................................................................................ 4.4-1

4.4.1 Agency-Required Measures........................................................ 4.4-1

4.4.2 Monitoring of Geologic Impacts................................................. 4.4-1

4.4.3 Impact Significance Criteria........................................................ 4.4-2

4.4.4 Geologic Impacts from the Proposed Action .............................. 4.4-2

4.4.4.1 Construction....................................................................... 4.4-2

4.4.4.2 Operation ........................................................................... 4.4-3

4.4.4.3 Reclamation ....................................................................... 4.4-5

4.4.5 Geologic Impacts from Other Alternatives................................. 4.4-5

4.4.5.1 No-Action Alternative ....................................................... 4.4-5

4.4.5.2 Not Fencing the Pattern Areas........................................... 4.4-5

4.4.5.3 Drying Yellowcake On-Site .............................................. 4.4-5

4.5 Soils....................................................................................................... 4.5-1

4.5.1 Agency-Required Measures......................................................... 4.5-1

4.5.1.1 Disturbance Minimization................................................. 4.5-1

4.5.1.2 Appropriate Excavation, Storage, and Replacement......... 4.5-1

4.5.1.3 Erosion and Compaction Minimization ............................ 4.5-2

4.5.1.4 Soil Contamination Prevention ......................................... 4.5-3

4.5.2 Monitoring of Soil Impacts.......................................................... 4.5-3

4.5.3 Impact Significance Criteria ........................................................ 4.5-4

4.5.4 Soil Impacts from the Proposed Action ....................................... 4.5-4

4.5.4.1 Construction ...................................................................... 4.5-9

4.5.4.2 Operation ......................................................................... 4.5-11

4.5.4.3 Reclamation..................................................................... 4.5-11

4.5.5 Soil Impacts from Other Alternatives........................................ 4.5-12

4.5.5.1 No Action Alternative ..................................................... 4.5-12

4.5.5.2 Not Fencing the Pattern Areas......................................... 4.5-12

4.5.5.3 Drying Yellowcake On-Site ............................................ 4.5-12

4.6 Surface Water................................................................................... 4.6-1
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4.6.1 Agency-Required Measures........................................................ 4.6-1

4.6.1.1 Measures Related to Sediment Transport.......................... 4.6-1

4.6.1.2 Measures Related to Spills and Leaks............................... 4.6-4

4.6.2 Monitoring of Surface Water Impacts......................................... 4.6-4

4.6.3 Impact Significance Criteria........................................................ 4.6-4

4.6.4 Surface Water Impacts from the Proposed Action...................... 4.6-5

4.6.4.1 Surface Water Quantity and Use ....................................... 4.6-5

4.6.4.2 Surface Water Quality ....................................................... 4.6-5

4.6.5 Surface Water Impacts from Other Alternatives......................... 4.6-6

4.7 Groundwater..................................................................................... 4.7-1

4.7.1 Agency-Required Measures........................................................ 4.7-1

4.7.1.1 On-Site Required Measures............................................... 4.7-2

4.7.1.2 Off-Site Required Measures.............................................. 4.7-8

4.7.2 Groundwater Monitoring............................................................. 4.7-8

4.7.2.1 On-Site Groundwater Monitoring...................................... 4.7-9

4.7.2.2 Off-Site Groundwater Monitoring................................... 4.7-11

4.7.3 Impact Significance Criteria...................................................... 4.7-12

4.7.4 Differentiation of Impacts to Groundwater - Consumption and 

Quality................................................................................................... 4.7-13

4.7.4.1 Groundwater Consumption.............................................. 4.7-16

4.7.4.2 Groundwater Quality ....................................................... 4.7-16

4.7.5 Construction .............................................................................. 4.7-17

4.7.5.1 Permit Area, Storage Ponds, Pipelines and Related 

Equipment......................................................................................... 4.7-18

4.7.5.2 Mine Units....................................................................... 4.7-19

4.7.5.3 UIC Class I Wells............................................................ 4.7-21

4.7.6 Operation................................................................................... 4.7-22

4.7.6.1 Groundwater Consumption during Operation ................. 4.7-22

4.7.6.2 Groundwater Quality during Operation........................... 4.7-30

4.7.7 Reclamation............................................................................... 4.7-33

4.7.7.1 Groundwater Consumption during Reclamation ............. 4.7-33

4.7.7.2 Groundwater Quality during Reclamation....................... 4.7-35

4.7.8 Groundwater Impacts from Other Alternatives......................... 4.7-37

4.7.8.1 No Action Alternative...................................................... 4.7-37

4.7.8.2 Not Fencing the Pattern Areas......................................... 4.7-37

4.7.8.3 Drying Yellowcake On-Site ............................................ 4.7-37

4.8 Vegetation ........................................................................................ 4.8-1

4.8.1 Agency-Required Measures........................................................ 4.8-1

4.8.2 Vegetation Monitoring ................................................................ 4.8-2

4.8.2.1 During Construction, Operation, and Final Reclamation .. 4.8-2

4.8.2.2 Monitoring Revegetation Success ..................................... 4.8-2

4.8.3 Impact Significance Criteria........................................................ 4.8-3

4.8.4 Vegetation Impacts from the Proposed Action ........................... 4.8-4

4.8.4.1 Construction....................................................................... 4.8-5

4.8.4.2 Operation ........................................................................... 4.8-6

4.8.4.3 Reclamation ....................................................................... 4.8-6
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4.8.5 Vegetation Impacts from Other Alternatives .............................. 4.8-7

4.8.5.1 No Action Alternative........................................................ 4.8-7

4.8.5.2 Not Fencing the Pattern Areas........................................... 4.8-7

4.8.5.3 Drying Yellowcake On-Site Alternative ........................... 4.8-7

4.9 Wildlife ............................................................................................ 4.9-1

4.9.1 Agency-Required Measures........................................................ 4.9-1

4.9.1.1 Road and Right-of-Way Measures .................................... 4.9-2

4.9.1.2 Fencing and Screening Measures ...................................... 4.9-2

4.9.1.3 Transmission Lines............................................................ 4.9-3

4.9.1.4 Disease............................................................................... 4.9-3

4.9.1.5 Wildfire.............................................................................. 4.9-3

4.9.1.6 Potentially Harmful Materials ........................................... 4.9-4

4.9.1.7 Reclamation ....................................................................... 4.9-4

4.9.1.8 Reduction of Human Disturbance and Incidental Loss of 

Wildlife .............................................................................. 4.9-5

4.9.1.9 Wildlife Closures and Timing Windows........................... 4.9-5

4.9.1.10 Greater Sage-Grouse Protection ........................................ 4.9-8

4.9.1.11 Raptor Protection ............................................................. 4.9-10

4.9.1.12 Wildlife Enhancements.................................................... 4.9-10

4.9.2 Wildlife Monitoring .................................................................. 4.9-11

4.9.2.1 Annual Monitoring and Report........................................ 4.9-11

4.9.2.2 General Wildlife .............................................................. 4.9-12

4.9.2.3 Big Game ......................................................................... 4.9-12

4.9.2.4 Greater sage-grouse ......................................................... 4.9-12

4.9.2.5 Raptors............................................................................. 4.9-20

4.9.2.6 Migratory Birds of High Federal Interest ........................ 4.9-21

4.9.2.7 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................... 4.9-21

4.9.2.8 Lagomorphs..................................................................... 4.9-22

4.9.3 Impact Significance Criteria...................................................... 4.9-22

4.9.4 Wildlife Impacts from the Proposed Action ............................. 4.9-22

4.9.5 Construction .............................................................................. 4.9-23

4.9.5.1 General Impacts on Wildlife............................................ 4.9-23

4.9.5.2 Big Game ......................................................................... 4.9-25

4.9.5.3 Greater Sage-Grouse........................................................ 4.9-26

4.9.5.4 Raptors............................................................................. 4.9-32

4.9.5.5 Waterfowl and Shorebirds............................................... 4.9-34

4.9.5.6 Migratory Birds of High Federal Interest ........................ 4.9-34

4.9.5.7 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................... 4.9-37

4.9.5.8 Reptiles and Amphibians................................................. 4.9-38

4.9.6 Operation................................................................................... 4.9-38

4.9.6.1 General Impacts on Wildlife............................................ 4.9-38

4.9.6.2 Big Game ......................................................................... 4.9-39

4.9.6.3 Greater Sage-Grouse........................................................ 4.9-39

4.9.6.4 Raptors............................................................................. 4.9-41

4.9.6.5 Waterfowl and Shorebirds............................................... 4.9-41

4.9.6.6 Migratory Birds of High Federal Interest ........................ 4.9-43
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4.9.6.7 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................... 4.9-44

4.9.6.8 Reptiles and Amphibians................................................. 4.9-44

4.9.7 Reclamation............................................................................... 4.9-45

4.9.7.1 General Impacts on Wildlife............................................ 4.9-45

4.9.7.2 Big Game ......................................................................... 4.9-46

4.9.7.3 Greater sage-grouse ......................................................... 4.9-46

4.9.7.4 Raptors............................................................................. 4.9-46

4.9.7.5 Waterfowl and Shorebirds............................................... 4.9-47

4.9.7.6 Migratory Birds of High Federal Interest ........................ 4.9-47

4.9.7.7 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................... 4.9-47

4.9.7.8 Reptiles and Amphibians................................................. 4.9-48

4.9.8 Wildlife Impacts from Other Alternatives................................. 4.9-48

4.9.8.1 No Action Alternative...................................................... 4.9-48

4.9.8.2 Not Fencing the Pattern Areas......................................... 4.9-48

4.9.8.3 Drying Yellowcake On-site ............................................. 4.9-48

4.10 Wild Horses.................................................................................... 4.10-1

4.10.1 Agency-Required Measures....................................................... 4.10-1

4.10.2 Monitoring of Wild Horse Impacts............................................ 4.10-1

4.10.3 Impact Significance Criteria ...................................................... 4.10-1

4.10.4 Impacts from the Proposed Action ............................................ 4.10-1

4.10.4.1 Construction .................................................................... 4.10-2

4.10.4.2 Operation ......................................................................... 4.10-3

4.10.4.3 Reclamation..................................................................... 4.10-5

4.10.5 Wild Horse Impacts from Other Alternatives............................ 4.10-6

4.10.5.1 No Action Alternative ..................................................... 4.10-6

4.10.5.2 Not Fencing the Pattern Areas......................................... 4.10-6

4.10.5.3 Drying Yellowcake On-Site ............................................ 4.10-6

4.11 Air Quality ..................................................................................... 4.11-1

4.11.1 Agency-Required Measures...................................................... 4.11-1

4.11.2 Monitoring of Air Quality Impacts ........................................... 4.11-2

4.11.3 Impact Significance Criteria...................................................... 4.11-3

4.11.4 Air Quality Impacts from the Proposed Action ........................ 4.11-3

4.11.4.1 Construction..................................................................... 4.11-5

4.11.4.2 Operation ......................................................................... 4.11-7

4.11.4.3 Reclamation ..................................................................... 4.11-9

4.11.4.4 Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change ........................ 4.11-10

4.11.5 Air Quality Impacts from Other Alternatives.......................... 4.11-11

4.11.5.1 No Action Alternative.................................................... 4.11-11

4.11.5.2 Other Action Alternatives.............................................. 4.11-11

4.12 Noise .............................................................................................. 4.12-1

4.12.1 Agency-Required Measures...................................................... 4.12-1

4.12.2 Noise Monitoring ...................................................................... 4.12-1

4.12.3 Impact Significance Criteria...................................................... 4.12-1

4.12.4 Noise Impacts from the Proposed Action ................................. 4.12-1

4.12.4.1 Construction..................................................................... 4.12-2

4.12.4.2 Operation ......................................................................... 4.12-3
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4.12.4.3 Reclamation ..................................................................... 4.12-5

4.12.5 Noise Impact from Other Alternatives...................................... 4.12-5

4.12.5.1 No Action Alternative...................................................... 4.12-5

4.12.5.2 Other Action Alternatives................................................ 4.12-5

4.13 Historic and Cultural Resources..................................................... 4.13-1

4.13.1 Agency-Required Measures...................................................... 4.13-1

4.13.2 Monitoring of Historic and Cultural Resources Impacts........... 4.13-1

4.13.3 Criteria for Significance Evaluation and Impacts ..................... 4.13-2

4.13.4 Historic and Cultural Resources Impacts from the Proposed 

Action ................................................................................................... 4.13-3

4.13.5 Historic and Cultural Resources Impacts from Other 

Alternatives ........................................................................................... 4.13-3

4.13.5.1 No Action Alternative...................................................... 4.13-3

4.13.5.3 Other Action Alternatives................................................ 4.13-4

4.14 Visual and Scenic Resource Impacts ............................................. 4.14-1

4.14.1 Agency-Required Measures...................................................... 4.14-1

4.14.2 Monitoring of Visual and Scenic Resource Impacts................. 4.14-1

4.14.3 Impact Significance Criteria...................................................... 4.14-1

4.14.4 Visual and Scenic Resource Impacts from the Proposed 

Action ................................................................................................... 4.14-2

4.14.4.1 Construction..................................................................... 4.14-2

4.14.4.2 Operation ......................................................................... 4.14-2

4.14.4.3 Reclamation ..................................................................... 4.14-8

4.14.5 Visual and Scenic Resource Impacts from Other Alternatives. 4.14-8

4.14.5.1 No Action Alternative...................................................... 4.14-8

4.14.5.2 Other Action Alternatives................................................ 4.14-8

4.15 Socioeconomic Conditions............................................................. 4.15-1

4.15.1 Agency-Required Measures....................................................... 4.15-1

4.15.2 Monitoring of Socioeconomic Impacts...................................... 4.15-1

4.15.3 Impact Significance Criteria ...................................................... 4.15-1

4.15.4 Demographic Impacts from the Proposed Action...................... 4.15-2

4.15.4.1 Construction .................................................................... 4.15-2

4.15.4.2 Operation ......................................................................... 4.15-3

4.15.4.3 Reclamation..................................................................... 4.15-4

4.15.5 Revenue and Taxation Impacts from the Proposed Action ....... 4.15-4

4.15.5.1 Gross Domestic Product.................................................. 4.15-4

4.15.5.2 Revenue and Taxation ..................................................... 4.15-4

4.15.6 Labor, Employment and Income Impacts from the Proposed 

Action .................................................................................................... 4.15-7

4.15.6.1 Construction .................................................................... 4.15-7

4.15.6.2 Operation ......................................................................... 4.15-9

4.15.6.3 Reclamation..................................................................... 4.15-9

4.15.7 Cost of Living and Housing Impacts from the Proposed 

Action .................................................................................................. 4.15-10

4.15.7.1 Construction .................................................................. 4.15-10

4.15.7.2 Operation ....................................................................... 4.15-11
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4.15.7.3 Reclamation................................................................... 4.15-11

4.15.8 Impacts to Infrastructure and Services from the Proposed 

Action .................................................................................................. 4.15-12

4.15.8.1 Education....................................................................... 4.15-12

4.15.8.2 Health Care.................................................................... 4.15-13

4.15.8.3 Law Enforcement and Fire Protection........................... 4.15-14

4.15.8.4 Communications and Utilities....................................... 4.15-14

4.15.8.5 Recreation...................................................................... 4.15-14

4.15.9Socioeconomic Impacts from Other Alternatives ..................... 4.15-15

4.15.9.1 No Action Alternative ................................................... 4.15-15

4.15.9.2 Other Action Alternatives ............................................. 4.15-15

4.16 Environmental Justice .................................................................... 4.16-1

4.16.1 Agency-Required Measures....................................................... 4.16-1

4.16.2 Monitoring of Environmental Justice Impacts........................... 4.16-1

4.16.3 Environmental Justice Impacts from the Proposed Action........ 4.16-1

4.16.3.1 Identification of Minority, Low-Income, and Tribal 

Populations...................................................................... 4.16-1

4.16.3.2 Fair Treatment and Meaningful Involvement ................. 4.16-5

4.16.4 Environmental Justice Impacts from Other Alternatives........... 4.16-6

4.16.4.1 No Action Alternative ..................................................... 4.16-6

4.16.4.2 Other Action Alternatives ............................................... 4.16-6

4.17 Public and Occupational Health ..................................................... 4.17-1

4.17.1Agency-Required Measures........................................................ 4.17-1

4.17.1.1 Protection Measures for Radiological Impacts ............... 4.17-1

4.17.1.2 Protection Measures for Non-Radiological Impacts....... 4.17-2

4.17.2Monitoring of Public and Occupational Health Impacts............. 4.17-2

4.17.2.1 Radiological Impacts....................................................... 4.17-2

4.17.2.2 Non-Radiological Impacts............................................... 4.17-3

4.17.3 Impact Significance Criteria ...................................................... 4.17-3

4.17.4 Public and Occupational Health Impacts from the Proposed 

Action .................................................................................................... 4.17-3

4.17.4.1 Radiological Impacts....................................................... 4.17-4

4.17.4.2 Non-Radiological Impacts............................................. 4.17-10

4.17.5 Public and Occupational Health Impacts from Other 

Alternatives.......................................................................................... 4.17-11

4.17.5.1 No Action Alternative ................................................... 4.17-11

4.17.5.2 Other Action Alternatives ............................................. 4.17-11

4.18 Waste Management ........................................................................ 4.18-1

4.18.1 Agency-Required Measures....................................................... 4.18-1

4.18.2 Monitoring of Waste Disposal Impacts ..................................... 4.18-1

4.18.3 Impact Significance Criteria ...................................................... 4.18-2

4.18.4 Waste Disposal Impacts from the Proposed Action .................. 4.18-2

4.18.4.1 Gaseous Emissions and Airborne Particulates................ 4.18-2

4.18.4.2 Liquid Wastes.................................................................. 4.18-3

4.18.4.3 Solid Wastes.................................................................... 4.18-5

4.18.5 Waste Disposal Impacts from Other Alternatives ..................... 4.18-7
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July 2012

4.19 Mitigation Measures....................................................................... 4.19-1

4.20 Residual Impacts............................................................................ 4.20-1

4.21 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources ............ 4.21-1

4.22 Relationship between Short-Term Uses and Long-Term 

Productivity................................................................................................ 4.22-2

5.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS..................................................................... 5-1

5.1 Introduction......................................................................................... 5-1

5.1.1 Physical and Temporal Limits........................................................ 5-2

5.1.2 Historic, Current, and Planned Projects ......................................... 5-6

5.1.2.1 Uranium Exploration and Production................................... 5-6

5.1.2.2 Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Extraction.................. 5-8

5.1.2.3 Coal-Related Development................................................. 5-10

5.1.2.4 Wind Power Generation ..................................................... 5-10

5.1.2.5 Transmission Line Projects................................................. 5-11

5.2 Cumulative Impacts for Land Use .................................................... 5-12

5.3 Cumulative Impacts for Transportation ............................................ 5-12

5.4 Cumulative Impacts for Geology...................................................... 5-13

5.5 Cumulative Impacts for Soil ............................................................. 5-14

5.6 Cumulative Impacts for Surface Water............................................. 5-15

5.7 Cumulative Impacts for Groundwater............................................... 5-15

5.8 Cumulative Impacts for Vegetation .................................................. 5-17

5.9 Cumulative Impacts for Wildlife ...................................................... 5-18

5.10 Cumulative Impacts for Wild Horses................................................ 5-20

5.11 Cumulative Impacts for Air Quality ................................................. 5-21

5.12 Cumulative Impacts for Noise .......................................................... 5-22

5.13 Cumulative Impacts for Historic and Cultural Resources................. 5-22

5.14 Cumulative Impacts for Visual and Scenic Resource ....................... 5-23

5.15 Cumulative Impacts for Socioeconomics.......................................... 5-24

5.16 Cumulative Impacts for Environmental Justice ................................ 5-25

5.17 Cumulative Impacts for Public and Occupational Health................. 5-25

5.17.1 Radiological Impacts.................................................................... 5-25

5.17.2 Non-Radiological Impacts............................................................ 5-26

5.18 Cumulative Impacts for Waste Disposal........................................... 5-26

6.0 TRIBES, INDIVIDUALS, ORGANIZATIONS OR AGENCIES 

CONSULTED...................................................................................................... 6-1

6.1 Consultation by BLM.......................................................................... 6-1

6.2 Consultation by NRC.......................................................................... 6-3

7.0 LIST OF PREPARERS............................................................................ 7-1

Volume 2 of 2

8.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................ 8-1

GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................... G-1

INDEX .................................................................................................................I-1

APPENDICES
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xiv FINAL EIS – LOST CREEK URANIUM IN-SITU RECOVERY PROJECT

July 2012

List of Figures

Volume 1 of 2

Figure 1.1-1 Regional Map of the Permit Area .......................................... 1-3

Figure 1.2-1 Aerial Photo of the Permit Area............................................. 1-6

Figure 1.2-2 Site Layout............................................................................. 1-7

Figure 2.1-1 Lost Creek Ore Trend ............................................................ 2-2

Figure 2.1-2 Typical ISR Operation ........................................................... 2-3

Figure 2.1-3 Plant and Shop Detail............................................................. 2-7

Figure 2.1-4 Mine Unit 1 Monitoring Well Locations............................... 2-9

Figure 2.1-5 Typical Surface Facilities in a Mine Unit............................ 2-10

Figure 2.1-6 Road Design Features.......................................................... 2-13

Figure 2.1-7 Drill Pit Drawing.................................................................. 2-17

Figure 2.1-8 Development, Production and Restoration Schedule........... 2-36

Figure 2.1-9 Project Water Balance, Production Only............................. 2-39

Figure 2.1-10 Project Water Balance, Production with GWS.................... 2-40

Figure 2.1-11 Project Water Balance, Production with GWS and RO....... 2-41

Figure 2.1-12 Project Water Balance, Production with RO ....................... 2-42

Figure 2.1-13 Project Water Balance, GWS and RO, No Production........ 2-43

Figure 2.1-14 Project Water Balance, RO, No Production......................... 2-44

Figure 2.3-1 Photo of the East Access Road ............................................ 2-95

Figure 2.3-2 Photo of the West Access Road........................................... 2-95

Figure 2.3-3 Alternate Access Road Map................................................. 2-97

Figure 3.1-1 Land Ownership.................................................................. 3.1-2

Figure 3.1-2 BLM Grazing Allotments................................................... 3.1-3

Figure 3.1-3 Wildlife Habitat Areas........................................................ 3.1-6

Figure 3.1-4 Uranium Mines and Mills of the Project Region ................ 3.1-9

Figure 3.1-5 Planned Land Use of the Project Region .......................... 3.1-11

Figure 3.1-6 Mineral Claims within the Permit Area ............................ 3.1-13

Figure 3.1-7 Oil and Gas Leases within the Permit Area ...................... 3.1-14

Figure 3.1-8 Wyoming Pipeline Infrastructure...................................... 3.1-17

Figure 3.2-1 Regional Transportation Network....................................... 3.2-2

Figure 3.3-1 Regional Geology ............................................................... 3.3-2

Figure 3.3-2 Geologic Cross Section Schematic ..................................... 3.3-6

Figure 3.3-3 Stratigraphic Column, Upper Battle Spring Formation ...... 3.3-7

Figure 3.3-4 Stratigraphic Illustration of Battle Spring Aquifer and 

Aquicludes ........................................................................ 3.3-12

Figure 3.3-5 Historical Seismic Activities in Wyoming ....................... 3.3-19

Figure 3.3-6 Seismic Zones in Wyoming.............................................. 3.3-23

Figure 3.3-7 Active Fault Systems in the Vicinity of the Permit Area.. 3.3-25

Figure 3.3-8 500-Year Probabilistic Acceleration Map of Wyoming ... 3.3-27

Figure 3.3-9 2,500-Year Probabilistic Acceleration Map of Wyoming 3.3-27

Figure 3.4-1 Order 3 Soil Survey ............................................................ 3.4-3

Figure 3.4-2 Photographs of 2006 Soil Survey Sampling Points............ 3.4-8

Figure 3.4-3 Detailed Soil Survey Map, Plant Site, September 2008 ... 3.4-10
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Figure 3.4-4 Detailed Soil Survey Map, Mine Unit 1, September 20083.4-11

Figure 3.4-5 Photographs of 2008 Soil Survey Sampling Points.......... 3.4-13

Figure 3.4-6 Sampling Locations Map - NW........................................ 3.4-14

Figure 3.4-7 Sampling Locations Map – Center 1 ................................ 3.4-15

Figure 3.4-8 Sampling Locations Map – Center 2 ................................ 3.4-16

Figure 3.4-9 Sampling Locations Map – NE......................................... 3.4-17

Figure 3.4-10 Sampling Locations Map - SE.......................................... 3.4-18

Figure 3.4-11 Photographs of 2009 Soil Survey Sampling Points.......... 3.4-25

Figure 3.4-12 Soil Survey Map for East Road ........................................ 3.4-27

Figure 3.4-13 Soil Survey Map for West Road ....................................... 3.4-28

Figure 3.4-14 Typical Two-Track Road within the Permit Area ............ 3.4-29

Figure 3.4-15 Existing Disturbance......................................................... 3.4-30

Figure 3.5-1 Surface Drainages of the Main Permit Area ....................... 3.5-3

Figure 3.5-2 Surface Drainages of the East and West Roads.................. 3.5-4

Figure 3.5-3 Longitudinal Profiles of the Main Permit Area’s Principle 

Drainages ............................................................................ 3.5-5

Figure 3.5-4 Crooked Well Reservoir ..................................................... 3.5-6

Figure 3.5-5 Typical Snowmelt Runoff................................................... 3.5-7

Figure 3.5-6 Storm Water Sampler.......................................................... 3.5-9

Figure 3.5-7 Storm Water Sampler Locations....................................... 3.5-10

Figure 3.5-8 Potential Wetlands Delineated by NWI............................ 3.5-19

Figure 3.5-9 NWI Potential Wetland in T25N, R93W, Section 24....... 3.5-21

Figure 3.5-10 NWI Potential Wetland at BLM Battle Spring Draw Well No. 

4451................................................................................... 3.5-22

Figure 3.6-1 Regional Hydrostratigraphic Units of Interest.................... 3.6-2

Figure 3.6-2 Potentiometric Surface, Tertiary Aquifer System............... 3.6-5

Figure 3.6-3 Potentiometric Surface, Wasatch/Battle Spring Aquifers... 3.6-7

Figure 3.6-4 Early Lost Creek Monitor Well Locations.......................... 3.6-9

Figure 3.6-5 Mine Unit 1 Monitor, Observation and Trend Well Locations

........................................................................................... 3.6-14

Figure 3.6-6 DE Potentiometric Surface, 12/08/08 ............................... 3.6-18

Figure 3.6-7 LFG Potentiometric Surface, 12/08/08 ............................. 3.6-19

Figure 3.6-8 HJ Potentiometric Surface, 12/08/08 ................................ 3.6-20

Figure 3.6-9 UKM Potentiometric Surface, 12/08/08 ........................... 3.6-21

Figure 3.6-10 Potentiometric Surface, HJ Production Zone, August 1982 and 

October 2006..................................................................... 3.6-23

Figure 3.6-11 Location of LC19M Pump Test and Monitoring Wells, 2007

........................................................................................... 3.6-31

Figure 3.6-12 Drawdown in the HJ Aquifer at the End of the LC19M 

Pumping Test, 2007 .......................................................... 3.6-32

Figure 3.6-13 Location of LC16M Wells................................................ 3.6-35

Figure 3.6-14 Drawdown in the HJ Aquifer Near the End of the LC16M 

Pump Test ......................................................................... 3.6-36

Figure 3.6-15 Groundwater-Use Permits within 3 Miles of the Permit Area

........................................................................................... 3.6-44

Figure 3.6-16 BLM Boundary Well No. 4775 ........................................ 3.6-46
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Figure 3.6-17 BLM Battle Spring Well No. 4777................................... 3.6-47

Figure 3.6-18 BLM East Eagle Nest Draw Well..................................... 3.6-47

Figure 3.6-19 Distribution of Radium-226, August 1982 ....................... 3.6-51

Figure 3.6-20 Distribution of Uranium, August 1982 ............................. 3.6-52

Figure 3.6-21 Piper Diagram – Average Water Quality at Individual Monitor 

Wells................................................................................. 3.6-72

Figure 3.6-22 Piper Diagram – Average Water Quality in Aquifer of Interest

........................................................................................... 3.6-73

Figure 3.6-23 Distribution of Average Radium-226 +228, September 2006 to 

July 2010........................................................................... 3.6-74

Figure 3.6-24 Distribution of Average Uranium, September 2006 to July 

2010................................................................................... 3.6-75

Figure 3.7-1 Vegetation of the Main Permit Area................................... 3.7-2

Figure 3.7-2 Vegetation Communities Along the East Road .................. 3.7-3

Figure 3.7-3 Vegetation Communities Along the West Road................. 3.7-4

Figure 3.7-4 Photo of the Upland Big Sagebrush Shrubland ................ 3.7-12

Figure 3.7-5 Photo of the Lowland Big Sagebrush Shrubland.............. 3.7-17

Figure 3.8-1 Elk Ranges........................................................................ 3.8-24

Figure 3.8-2 Mule Deer Range .............................................................. 3.8-25

Figure 3.8-3 Moose Ranges................................................................... 3.8-26

Figure 3.8-4 Pronghorn Antelope Ranges............................................. 3.8-27

Figure 3.8-5 State-Wide Greater Sage-Grouse Core Management 

Areas................................................................................. 3.8-31

Figure 3.8-6 Regional Sage Grouse Core Management Areas.............. 3.8-32

Figure 3.8-7 Sage Grouse Study Areas.................................................. 3.8-33

Figure 3.8-8 Sage Grouse Leks ............................................................. 3.8-34

Figure 3.8-9 Raptor Nests, 2007 Status................................................. 3.8-45

Figure 3.8-10 Raptor Nests near the Permit Area, 2011.......................... 3.8-46

Figure 3.8-11 Location of Pygmy Rabbit Burrows and Pellets............... 3.8-54

Figure 3.8-12 Wyoming Pocket Gopher Distribution ............................. 3.8-56

Figure 3.8-13 Wyoming Pocket Gopher Survey ..................................... 3.8-57

Figure 3.9-1 Wild Horse Management Areas of the Permit Area ........... 3.9-2

Figure 3.10-1 Meteorological Stations within 50 Miles of the Permit Area

........................................................................................... 3.10-2

Figure 3.10-2 Lost Creek Meteorological Station, May 2007................. 3.10-4

Figure 3.10-3 Total Monthly Precipitation.............................................. 3.10-6

Figure 3.10-4 Wind Speed and Direction at the LC Meteorological Station

........................................................................................... 3.10-9

Figure 3.10-5 Stability Class Distribution at the LC Meteorological Station

......................................................................................... 3.10-10

Figure 3.10-6 Comparison of Average Daily Temperatures................. 3.10-10

Figure 3.10-7 MiniVol Air Particulate Sampler, February 2007........... 3.10-16

Figure 3.10-8 Non-Radiological Air Particulate Sampling Locations .. 3.10-17

Figure 3.13-1 Flow chart of the BLM Visual Resource Management process 

(From BLM Manual 8400) ............................................... 3.13-2

Figure 3.13-2 Visual Resources Map ...................................................... 3.13-4
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Figure 3.13-3 View from Center of Permit Area, October 2011............. 3.13-5

Figure 3.14-1 Socioeconomic Study Area............................................... 3.14-2

Figure 3.14-2 Historic and Projected Decennial Population, .................. 3.14-3

Figure 3.14-3 Population Change Factors, 1971 to 2008 ........................ 3.14-5

Figure 3.14-4 Population Change, 1971 to 2008..................................... 3.14-6

Figure 3.14-5 Population by Age and Gender, 2009 ............................... 3.14-7

Figure 3.14-6 GDP by Industry, 1977 to 1997 ...................................... 3.14-12

Figure 3.14-7 GDP by Industry, 1997 to 2008 ...................................... 3.14-13

Figure 3.14-8 Full-Time and Part-Time Employment, 1969 to 2008.... 3.14-21

Figure 3.14-9 Wyoming Cost of Living Categories and their Weights, 4Q09

......................................................................................... 3.14-23

Figure 3.14-10 House Values, 2000 ........................................................ 3.14-27

Figure 3.14-11 Annual Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits, 1987 

to 2009 ............................................................................ 3.14-28

Figure 3.15-1 Equipment Used for the Gamma Survey .......................... 3.15-2

Figure 3.15-2 Gamma Survey Results and Initial Soil Sampling Locations 

and Results........................................................................ 3.15-6

Figure 3.15-3 Correlation of Gamma Scan and Soil Sampling Results.. 3.15-8

Figure 3.15-4 Equipment for Radon and Gamma Monitoring (Location PR-2) 

and HiVol Particulate Sampling (Location HV-3) ........... 3.15-9

Figure 3.15-5 Radon, Passive Gamma and Radiological Air Particulate 

Sampling Locations, 2010 to 2011 ................................. 3.15-10

Figure 3.15-6 Locations of 2009 Vegetation and Soil Sampling for 

Radiological Parameters ................................................. 3.15-17

Figure 3.15-7 Soil Profile Sampling Locations..................................... 3.15-19

Figure 3.15-8 Sediment Sampling Locations ........................................ 3.15-21

Figure 4.3-1 Regional Transportation Network....................................... 4.3-6

Figure 4.3-2 Project Road Layout ........................................................... 4.3-7

Figure 4.7-1 Simulated Drawdown, HJ Horizon at Maximum Production 

Rate- Mine Unit 1 ............................................................. 4.7-26

Figure 4.7-2 Simulated Drawdown, HJ Horizon at End of Reverse OsmosisMine Unit 1....................................................................... 4.7-27

Figure 4.7-3 Drawdown Observation Points, Mine Unit 1 Simulation, 

Production-Restoration-Recovery..................................... 4.7-28

Figure 4.7-4 Drawdown at Permit Boundary during Mine Unit 1 Simulation, 

Production-Restoration-Recovery..................................... 4.7-29

Figure 4.9-1 Greater sage-grouse Study Areas...................................... 4.9-14

Figure 4.9-2 Greater sage-grouse Leks and Facility Locations............. 4.9-28

Figure 4.9-3 Raptor Nests (2010) and Facility Locations ..................... 4.9-36

Figure 4.12-1 Drilling Rig Noise versus Distance................................... 4.12-3

Figure 4.14-1 Photograph of Existing ISR Project in Nebraska, July 2010

........................................................................................... 4.14-4

Figure 4.14-2 Photograph of Project Area from Sooner Road, October 2011

........................................................................................... 4.14-4

Figure 4.14-3 Viewshed Analysis............................................................ 4.14-6

Figure 4.14-4 Viewshed and VRM Classes............................................. 4.14-7
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xviii FINAL EIS – LOST CREEK URANIUM IN-SITU RECOVERY PROJECT

July 2012

Figure 4.17-1 Locations of Modeled Receptor Points............................. 4.17-7

Figure 4.17-2 TEDE at Boundary Receptor Points................................. 4.17-8

Figure 4.17-3 MILDOS-Calculated Doses to a Hypothetical Worker 328 feet 

(100 meters) from the Plant, Averaged over Direction..... 4.17-9

Figure 5.1-1 Locations of Projects in the Eastern Great Divide Basin....... 5-5

List of Tables

Volume 1 of 2

Table 1.4-1 List of Regulatory Requirements......................................... 1-12

Table 2.1-1 Waste Streams...................................................................... 2-25

Table 2.1-2 Project Monitoring............................................................... 2-47

Table 2.1-3 Spill Prevention Measures ................................................... 2-53

Table 2.2-1 Cross-References to Environmental Protection Measures and 

Impacts in WDEQ-LQD and NRC Documents .................. 2-57

Table 2.2-2 Additional Measures............................................................ 2-62

Table 2.3-1 Comparative Summary of Impacts ...................................... 2-67

Table 3.2-1 Local and Regional Roads.................................................. 3.2-3

Table 3.2-2 Traffic Safety Data.............................................................. 3.2-4

Table 3.3-1 Permit Area Stratigraphy .................................................... 3.3-3

Table 3.3-2 Leach Amenability............................................................ 3.3-17

Table 3.4-1 Soil Sampling Results, 2006 Order 3 Soil Survey.............. 3.4-4

Table 3.4-2 Soil Sampling Results, 2008 Order 1 Soil Survey............ 3.4-12

Table 3.4-3 Soil Sampling Results, 2009 Order 1 Soil Survey............ 3.4-19

Table 3.5-1 Historic Surface Water Data – Battle Spring Draw............ 3.5-9

Table 3.5-2 Surface Water Quality Data .............................................. 3.5-12

Table 3.5-3 Surface Water Rights within Three Miles of the Main Permit 

Area................................................................................... 3.5-17

Table 3.6-1 Permit Area Monitor Well Data ....................................... 3.6-10

Table 3.6-2 Mine Unit 1 Monitor, Observation and Trend Wells........ 3.6-15

Table 3.6-3 Horizontal Hydraulic Gradients........................................ 3.6-24

Table 3.6-4 Vertical Hydraulic Gradients............................................ 3.6-25

Table 3.6-5 Summary of Aquifer Characteristics ................................ 3.6-29

Table 3.6-6 Groundwater-Use Permits within a 3-Mile Radius, WSEO 

Records, December 2008.................................................. 3.6-38

Table 3.6-7 BLM Battle Springs Draw Well No. 4451 Laboratory Results

........................................................................................... 3.6-45

Table 3.6-8 Analytical Results of Baseline Monitoring ...................... 3.6-54

Table 3.6-9 State and Federal Groundwater Quality Criteria for Specified 

Parameters......................................................................... 3.6-71

Table 3.6-10 Summary of Stratigraphy and Water Quality ................... 3.6-79

Table 3.7 1 Vegetation Sampling Locations and Site Information........ 3.7-5

Table 3.7 2 Rare Plant Species in Sweetwater County.......................... 3.7-8

Table 3.7 3 List of Vegetation Species Observed................................ 3.7-10
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FINAL EIS – LOST CREEK URANIUM IN-SITU RECOVERY PROJECT xix

July 2012

Table 3.7 4 Cover Parameters of the Upland Big Sagebrush Shrubland

........................................................................................... 3.7-13

Table 3.7 5 Shrub, Semi-Shrub, and Cactus Densities of the Upland Big 

Sagebrush Shrubland ........................................................ 3.7-16

Table 3.7 6 Cover Parameters of the Lowland Big Sagebrush Shrubland

........................................................................................... 3.7-19

Table 3.8 1 Wildlife Species Observed or Potentially Occurring in the 

Permit Area ......................................................................... 3.8-3

Table 3.8 2 Relative Abundance of Big Game Observations 2006 and 2007

........................................................................................... 3.8-22

Table 3.8 3 Summary of Big Game Counts Conducted During 2010 and 

2011................................................................................... 3.8-23

Table 3.8 4 Greater sage-grouse Lek Counts....................................... 3.8-35

Table 3.8 5 Special Status Wildlife Species Potentially Occurring in the 

Permit Area ....................................................................... 3.8-51

Table 3.8 6 Wildlife Species of Special Concern ................................ 3.8-59

Table 3.10-1 Temperature Data, Degrees Fahrenheit ............................ 3.10-5

Table 3.10-2 Humidity (Percent) at the LC Meteorological Station...... 3.10-7

Table 3.10-3 Monthly Estimated Pan Evaporation (Inches) at Seminoe Dam, 

1948 to 2005 ..................................................................... 3.10-7

Table 3.10-4 Comparison of Average Total Monthly Precipitation (Inches)

......................................................................................... 3.10-11

Table 3.10-5 Comparison of Wind Speed and Direction ..................... 3.10-12

Table 3.10-6 Primary and Secondary Limits for NAAQS and the State of 

Wyoming......................................................................... 3.10-14

Table 3.10-7 Allowable Increments for Prevention of Significant 

Deterioration of Air Quality............................................ 3.10-15

Table 3.10-8 PM10 Concentrations....................................................... 3.10-18

Table 3.10-9 Estimated Annual Emissions from Current Activities 

(tons/year) ....................................................................... 3.10-19

Table 3.11-1 Ambient Noise Field Measurements at the Plant Site ...... 3.11-2

Table 3.14-1 Population, 1990 to 2030 .................................................. 3.14-4

Table 3.14-2 Population by Race, 2000 ................................................. 3.14-8

Table 3.14-3 School Enrollment, 2002 ................................................ 3.14-10

Table 3.14-4 State General Fund Revenue, 2004 to 2009.................... 3.14-17

Table 3.14-5 County Sales and Use Tax Distribution, 2008................ 3.14-17

Table 3.14- 6 Percentage of State Mineral Taxable Value by County, 2008

......................................................................................... 3.14-18

Table 3.14-7 Wyoming State Investment, 2005 to 2009...................... 3.14-18

Table 3.14-8 Employment by Industry, 2000....................................... 3.14-20

Table 3.14-9 Household Income, 1999 ................................................ 3.14-22

Table 3.14-10 Wyoming Comparative Cost of Living Index, 4Q09 Prices

......................................................................................... 3.14-24

Table 3.14-11 Percent Annual Inflation Rates by Category, 2003 to 

2009................................................................................. 3.14-24

Table 3.14-12 General Housing Characteristics, 2000........................... 3.14-26
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xx FINAL EIS – LOST CREEK URANIUM IN-SITU RECOVERY PROJECT

July 2012

Table 3.15-1 Soil and Sediment Sampling Results................................ 3.15-7

Table 3.15-2 Radon and Gamma Results............................................. 3.15-11

Table 3.15-3 Air Particulate Results .................................................... 3.15-14

Table 3.15-4 Vegetation Sampling Results.......................................... 3.15-18

Table 3.15-5 Tissue Sampling Results................................................. 3.15-22

Table 4.3-1 Estimated Number of Vehicles On-Site and Traveling To/From 

the Site ................................................................................ 4.3-4

Table 4.5-1 Vegetation and Topsoil Disturbance................................... 4.5-5

Table 4.7-1 Summary of Consumptive Water Use Impacts................. 4.7-14

Table 4.7-2 Summary of Water Quality Impacts................................. 4.7-15

Table 4.7-3 Comparison of Water Quality in the Injection Stream and the 

Receiving Formation......................................................... 4.7-32

Table 4.8-1 Permanent Seed Mix........................................................... 4.8-2

Table 4.9-1 Surface Activity Restrictions for the Protection of 

Wildlife ............................................................................... 4.9-7

Table 4.9-2 Estimated Water Quality of the Storage Ponds................. 4.9-43

Table 4.11-1 Estimated Engine Emissions during Initial Construction 

(tons/year) ......................................................................... 4.11-6

Table 4.11-2 Estimated Annual Engine Emissions during Mine Unit 

Development (tons/year)................................................... 4.11-7

Table 4.11-3 Estimated Annual Emissions during Operation (tons/year, 

unless otherwise noted)..................................................... 4.11-9

Table 4.11-4 Estimated Annual Engine Emissions during Reclamation 

(tons/year) ....................................................................... 4.11-10

Table 4.12-1 Field Measurements of Equipment Noise in the Permit Area

........................................................................................... 4.12-4

Table 4.15-1 Estimated Internal Project Costs....................................... 4.15-5

Table 4.15-2 Estimated Tax Revenues Based on Project’s Annual 

Production......................................................................... 4.15-6

Table 4.15-3 Estimated Labor and Employment.................................... 4.15-8

Table 4.16-1 Populations by Race and Ethnicity, 2000 ......................... 4.16-4

Table 4.16-2 Low Income Populations, 1999 ........................................ 4.16-5

Table 4.18-1 Summary of Liquid Wastes Generated during Different Phases 

of the Project..................................................................... 4.18-3

Table 4.18-2 Summary of Solid Wastes Generated during Different Phases 

of the Project..................................................................... 4.18-5

Table 5.1-1 Current and Planned Uranium Projects – North Central Portion 

of the Great Divide Basin ...................................................... 5-6

Table 7-1 Bureau of Land Management EIS Team ............................... 7-1

Table 7-2 AATA EIS Team (Third-Party Consultant)........................... 7-2
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FINAL EIS – LOST CREEK URANIUM IN-SITU RECOVERY PROJECT xxi

July 2012

List of Appendices

Appendix A Land Description Review Certificate for the Lost Creek 

Uranium In-Situ Recovery Project

Appendix B Wilderness Characteristics

Appendix C Lost Creek Project, 2010 and 2011 Wildlife Monitoring 

Reports

Appendix D PIAA/DDCT Analysis and WGFD Review

Appendix E Viewshed Analysis

Appendix F Responses to Comments and Compilation of Comments 

Received for the Lost Creek Uranium In-Situ Recovery Project 

DEIS

Appendix G Biological Assessment

Appendix H Air Quality Calculations

Appendix I BLM Visual Contrast Rating Worksheet – October 2011