iS*"*^/ A

Prepared in cooperation with the 

PRAIRIE BAND OF POTAWATOMI

Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie 

Band of Potawatomi Reservation, 

Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 

Through November 1998

Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4266

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey
Cover photograph taken by Gregory P. Wold, Biologist, Prairie Band of Potawatomi, Mayetta, Kansas.
U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey

Prepared in cooperation with the 

PRAIRIE BAND OF POTAWATOMI

Surface-Water Quality on the 

Prairie Band of Potawatomi 

Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, 

June 1996 Through November 

1998

By THOMAS J. TROMBLEY 

Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4266

Lawrence, Kansas 

1999
U.S. Department of the Interior

Bruce Babbitt, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Charles G. Groat, Director

The use of trade, firm, or brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute 

endorsement by the U.S. Government.

For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from:

U.S. Geological Survey

District Chief Information Services 

U.S. Geological Survey Building 810 

4821 Quail Crest Place Box 25286, Federal Center 

Lawrence, KS 66049-3839 Denver, CO 80225
CONTENTS

Abstract............................................................... 1

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................^ 1

Methods................................................................................................\.........^ 3

Surface-Water Quality ........................................................................................................................................................... 7

Physical Properties ...................................................................................................................................................... 7

Nutrients ...................................................................................................................................................................^ 15

Nitrite Plus Nitrate............................................................................................................................................. 16

Ammonia........................................................................ 16

Phosphorus......................................................................................................................................................... 21

Pesticides ...................................................................................................................................................................^ 22

Bacteria.......................................................................................................................................................... 59

Suspended Solids......................................................................................................................................................... 64

Summary......................................................................^ 66

References ................................................................................ 67

FIGURES

1. Maps showing land use on and near Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, northeastern Kansas, 1993.......... 2

2. Map showing surface-water-quality sampling sites and stream-basin boundaries on and near Prairie Band

of Potawatomi Reservation ..................................................................................................................................... 4

3. Graph showing flow duration for Little Soldier Creek near Saint Clere and stream discharge at time of

water-quality sample collection, June 1996 through November 1998.................................................................... 7

4. Graph and map showing distribution of specific conductance values in surface-water samples, June 1996

through November 1998.......................................................................................................................................... 14

5-10. Graphs showing distribution of:

5. pH values in surface-water samples, June 1996 through November 1998........................................................ 15

6. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in surface-water samples, June 1996 through November 1998................... 15

7. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations compared to water temperatures in surface-water samples, June 1996

through November 1998.................................................................................................................................... 16

8. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations in surface-water samples, June 1996 through November 1998 .................. 22

9. Ammonia concentrations in surface-water samples, June 1996 through November 1998................................ 22

10. Total phosphorus concentrations in surface-water samples, June 1996 through November 1998.................... 23

11. Graph and map showing distribution of triazine herbicide concentrations determined by enzyme-linked

immunosorbent assay in surface-water samples, June 1996 through November 1998........................................... 24

12. Graph showing distribution of atrazine concentrations determined by gas chromatography/mass

spectrometry in surface-water samples, June 1996 through November 1998......................................................... 59

13. Graph showing distribution of triazine herbicide concentrations compared to atrazine concentrations in

surface-water samples, June 1996 through November 1998................................................................................... 59

14. Graph and map showing distribution of fecal coliform bacteria concentrations in surface-water samples,

June 1996 through November 1998 ........................................................................................................................ 65

15. Graph showing distribution of fecal streptococcus bacteria concentrations in surface-water samples,

June 1996 through November 1998 ........................................................................................................................ 66

16. Graph showing distribution of suspended-solid concentrations in surface-water samples, June 1996 through

November 1998....................................................................................................................................................... 66

Contents III
TABLES

1. Location of surface-water-quality sampling sites used in this study...................................................................... 5

2. Dissolved pesticides and metabolites for which analyses were performed by the U.S. Geological Survey's

National Water-Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado....................................................................................... 6

3. Stream discharge at selected sampling sites and physical properties in surface-water-quality samples collected

from Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998............................................. 8

4. Nutrient concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Potawatomi

Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998................................................................................................... 17

5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of

Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998............................................................................... 25

6. Bacteria, suspended-solid, and oil-and-grease concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected

from Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998............................................. 60

CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Multiply

acre 

cubic feet per second (ft3/s) 

mile (mi) 

square mile (mi2) 

ton

By

4,047 

0.02832 

1.609 

2.590 

907.2 

0.9072

To obtain

square meter 

cubic meter per second 

kilometer 

square kilometer 

kilogram 

megagram

Temperatures given in this report can be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) or degrees 

Fahrenheit (°F) by the equations:

°C = 5/9 (°F - 32)

°F = 9/5 (°C) + 32.

IV Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of 

Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, 

June 1996 Through November 1998

By Thomas J. Trombley 

Abstract

Water-quality samples were collected from 

20 surface-water sites across the Prairie Band of 

Potawatomi Reservation in northeastern Kansas. 

Samples were collected twice at all 20 sites during June 1996 and June 1997 after herbicide 

application and quarterly at 5 of the 20 sampling 

sites from June 1996 through November 1998. 

Water-quality constituents of primary interest 

included physical properties, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, herbicides, fecal bacteria, and 

suspended solids. Samples were considered to be 

representative of flows that occur 65 percent of 

the time at each of five surface-water sites.

The median nitrite plus nitrate concentration 

was 0.183 mg/L (milligram per liter) for 79 samples, and the maximum concentration was 

1.46 mg/L as nitrogen, which is substantially less 

than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 

Maximum Contaminant Level for drinking water 

of 10 mg/L as nitrogen. The median concentration 

for total phosphorus was 0.048 mg/L for 79 samples, five of which, from four sites sampled quarterly, exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency's recommended criterion of 0.100 mg/L 

for aquatic life.

Of 82 samples analyzed for triazine herbicides, primarily atrazine, 29 contained triazine 

concentrations that were less than the minimum 

reporting level of 0.1 |Hg/L (microgram per liter). 

Triazine concentrations in four samples collected 

on June 26, 1996, exceeded 3.0 u,g/L. Triazine

herbicide concentrations tended to be highest during late spring runoff after herbicide application.

Fecal coliform bacteria concentrations in 

79 samples had a median concentration of 

290 colonies per 100 milliliters of water. In six 

samples, two from Bills Creek and one each from 

four Little Soldier Creek sites, fecal coliform bacteria concentrations exceeded the Kansas Department of Health and Environment's criterion for 

noncontact recreation (2,000 colonies per 

100 milliliters), indicating possible contamination 

from waste systems, agricultural sources, or 

wildlife populations.

Suspended-solid concentrations tended to be 

somewhat higher in samples from Soldier Creek 

than in samples from Little Soldier Creek and in 

samples from tributary streams. Higher concentrations of suspended solids may result from agricultural runoff as well as streambank erosion, 

especially along Soldier Creek.

INTRODUCTION

The Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation 

(fig. 1) is located in Jackson County, about 20 mi north 

of Topeka in northeastern Kansas. The reservation

9 9

covers an area of 121 mi , of which 40 mi is currently 

(1999) tribally owned (tribal trust, allotted, or new 

purchases); the remainder is fee ownership primarily 

by nontribal members. Surface-water quality is an 

important consideration for the Prairie Band of Potawatomi. Three of the four creeks draining the reservation, Soldier (commonly referred to as Big Soldier 

Creek), Little Soldier, and South Cedar Creeks, are

Introduction
95°52'30" 95°45'

39°22'3D

39°15'

R. 13 E. R. 14 E.

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:24,000,1991

Alber Equal Area projection

Standard parallels 29°30' and 45°30; cental meridian 96°

EXPLANATION

Land-use classes

| | Cropland

 Reservation boundary

R. 15 E. R. 16 E.

Land use from Kansas Geological Survey, Data Access 

and Support Center (DASC), digital land-use data, 1993 

01234 SMILES

I | I I _____1_____!

01234 5 KILOMETERS

Prairie Band Jackson Delaware

or Potawatomi Countv «"ver

Reservation \ \ , Basin

Index map

Figure 1. Land use on and near Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, northeastern Kansas, 1993.

important tribal resources. These creeks are 

particularly important for maintaining subsistence 

fishing and hunting needs of tribal members who supplement their income by using wildlife for food (John 

Zoellner, Potawatomi Department of Planning and

Environmental Protection, oral commun., 1996). 

Therefore, the quality of surface water needs to be 

maintained at a level that protects wildlife resources 

on the reservation.

2 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
Land use on the reservation (fig. 1) and in the surrounding areas is predominantly agricultural, with 

cropland mostly along Soldier Creek and pastureland 

across most of the rest of the reservation. Woodland 

generally is located along streams. No documented 

point sources of wastewater discharge are located on 

the reservation (Gregory P. Wold, Potawatomi Department of Planning and Environmental Protection, oral 

commun., 1999). Consequently, runoff from agricultural lands and leachate from septic systems or sewage 

lagoons serving a rural population are considered the 

primary sources of potential water-quality problems 

on the reservation.

Of the major physical divisions of the United 

States defined by Fenneman (1938), Fenneman and 

Johnson (1946), and Schoewe (1949), the Prairie Band 

of Potawatomi Reservation lies within the Kansas 

Drift Plains section of the Central Lowland Province 

of the Interior Plains. The topography of the Kansas 

Drift Plains reflects a gently undulating, glacial-driftdominated, erosional surface. The broad, smooth, 

well-rounded, interstream areas are remnants of the 

uneroded original basal till deposited by the last 

retreating glacial ice sheet. Beneath this surface lie 

glacial deposits of boulder till, sand and gravel, silt, 

and clay. A preglacial bedrock valley, buried by glacial 

deposits, lies along the course of Soldier Creek within 

the reservation (Dreeszen and Burchett, 1971).

Under the Federal 1972 Clean Water Act, an 

Indian tribe is sovereign for the purposes of delegating 

the authority to regulate water within reservation 

boundaries. As part of efforts to develop a water plan 

for their reservation, which includes setting waterquality standards for surface water, the Prairie Band of 

Potawatomi began a study with the U.S. Geological 

Survey (USGS) in 1996 to define and monitor surfacewater quality on the reservation. This report describes 

selected water-quality characteristics of surface water 

on the reservation using water samples collected from 

June 1996 through November 1998.

METHODS

Surface-water-quality samples collected from 

streams on and near the Prairie Band of Potawatomi 

Reservation serve the following two specific purposes: 

(1) Samples collected at 20 surface-water-quality sampling sites (fig. 2, table 1) during June 1996 and 

1997 after fertilizer and herbicide application in 

the spring provide a "snapshot" of water quality

on the reservation following potential 

agricultural runoff. Herbicide concentrations 

may be high because of runoff resulting from 

precipitation shortly after herbicide application. 

During early summer, streamflows are generally 

high; therefore, bacteria and suspended-solid 

concentrations would be expected to be high in 

association with runoff.

(2) Quarterly samples collected at specific sites of 

interest, over a wide range of streamflows, can be 

used to evaluate annual ranges in the waterquality data.

The 20 sampling sites (fig. 2) (table 1) were 

selected to be representative of water quality across 

the reservation using the following criteria. It was 

important for the sites to be accessible when samples 

were needed. Road access to the site decreases the 

time necessary to get to the site, and bridges located at 

the sites make it possible to sample during high flows 

when wading into the streams could be dangerous. 

Roadways to the streams were to be passible even during extended rainy periods. Roads with a dirt or clayey 

surface were to be avoided because they are hard to 

drive on when wet. Sites used for quarterly sampling 

were located where streams do not generally go dry 

during long periods without precipitation. Finally, and 

probably most important, sampling sites were to 

represent:

(1) areal distribution across the reservation;

(2) surface water flowing into or out of the 

reservation; or

(3) surface water downgradient from potential sources 

of contamination such as sewage lagoons or 

croplands.

Before each sampling trip, all collection equipment were cleaned according to methods described in 

Horowitz and others (1994) and Wilde and others 

(1998). All water samples were collected using the 

protocol outlined in Horowitz and others (1994). 

Stream discharge and physical properties of surface 

water were measured at all sites when samples were 

collected. Some samples were collected from pools in 

the stream channel when there was no observable flow. 

Physical properties measured were specific conductance (relative indicator of dissolved-solids concentration), pH, water and air temperature, air pressure, and 

dissolved oxygen (DO).

Surface-water samples were collected for the analysis of nutrients, herbicides, bacteria, and suspended 

solids. Nutrient analyses included a determination of

Methods
95°52'30" 95°45'

39°22'30"

39°15'

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:24,000,1991

Alber Egual Area projection

Standard parallels 29°30' and 45°30; cental meridian 96° 1 2 3 5 KILOMETERS EXPLANATION

 Stream-basin boundary

 Reservation boundary

SC07A Surface-water sampling site and 

identifier used in tables

O Surface-water sampling site 

sampled quarterly

Figure 2. Surface-water-quality sampling sites and stream-basin boundaries on and near Prairie Band of Potawatomi 

Reservation.

total nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate, dissolved ammonia, 

total phosphorus, and orthophosphate concentrations. 

Samples were analyzed at the USGS National WaterQuality Laboratory (NWQL) in Denver, Colorado, 

using methods described in Ziegler and Combs (1997).

Dissolved pesticides, including herbicides and 

insecticides, were analyzed using two methods.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was 

used for all samples to test for triazine herbicides. 

Samples were analyzed at the USGS laboratory in 

Lawrence, Kansas, using procedures described in 

Thurman and others (1990) and used previously in a 

surface-water study of atrazine in northeastern Kansas 

(Pope and others, 1997). Selected samples were

4 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
Table 1. Location of surface-water-quality sampling sites used in this study

[*, asterisk indicates quarterly samples collected at that site; --, not determined]

Site identifier 

(fig-1)

Site identification 

number Stream basin and site name

Latitude Longitude

(degrees, minutes, 

sections)

BC01

LSC01

LSC02

LSC03*

LSC04*

LSC05

LSC06* 

LSC07 

LSC08 

LSC09

SC01 

SC02

SC03* 

SC04 

SC05 

SC06

SC07*

SC08

SC09

SCC01

392425095445100

392328095490300

392143095482700

391915095463100

391720095454200

391721095460900

391720095445400

391704095441700

391629095452400

391628095452800

392603095563000

392512095552800

06889180

391956095544000

392049095531300

391852095534500

391557095531100

391813095513200

391630095520800

392212095441800

Bills Creek Basin

Bills Creek, U.S. Highway 75 near Holton 

Little Soldier Creek Basin

Little Soldier Creek, 190 Road near Mayetta 

Little Soldier Creek, 174 Road near Mayetta 

Little Soldier Creek, O Road near Mayetta 

Little Soldier Creek, 134 Road near Mayetta 

Little Soldier Creek tributary, 134 Road near

Hoyt

Big Elm Creek, 134 Road near Hoyt 

Little Elm Creek, Q Road near Hoyt 

Big Elm Creek, P Road near Hoyt 

Little Soldier Creek, 126 Road near Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin

Soldier Creek, 214 Road near Circleville 

Soldier Creek tributary, G Road near

Circleville

Soldier Creek near Saint Clere 

Soldier Creek, 158 Road near Saint Clere 

Crow Creek, 166 Road near Saint Clere 

South Branch Soldier Creek, H.5 Road near

Saint Clere

Soldier Creek, I Road near Delia 

James Creek, 142 Road near Delia 

James Creek, 126 Road near Delia

South Cedar Creek Basin 

South Cedar Creek, U.S. Highway 75 near

Mayetta

39°24'25" 95°44'51" 7S 

7S 

8S 

8S 

9S 

9S 

9S 

9S 

9S 

9S 

7S 

7S 

8S 

8S 

8S 

8S 

9S 

8S 

9S 

8S 

39°23'28"

39°21'43"

39°19'15"

39°17'20"

39°17'21"

39°17'20"

39°17'04"

39°16'29"

39°16'28"

39°26'03"

39°25'12"

39°22'33"

39°19'56"

39°20'49"

39°18'52"

39°15'57"

39°18'13"

39°16'30"

95°49'03"

95°48'27"

95°46'31"

95°45'42"

95°46'09"

95°44'54"

95°44'17"

95°45'24"

95°45'28"

95°56'30"

95°55'28"

95°55'06"

95°54'40"

95°53'13"

95°53'45"

95°53'11"

95°51'32"

95°52'08"

39°22'12" 95°44'18'

Local numbers are assigned according to a modification of the Bureau of Land Management's system of land subdivision. In this system, the fi

ber refers to the township north (N) or south (S) of the Kansas-Nebraska State line; the second set refers to the range east (E) or west (W) of the sixth p

third set refers to the section in which the site is located. The terminal letters refer to the 160-acre, 40-acre, 10-acre, and 2.5-acre tracts within the secti

are assigned in a counterclockwise direction beginning in the northeast quadrant. For example, the local number 7S 14E 35DCDC indicates a site loc

ter of the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of sec. 35, T. 7 S., R. 14 E.
analyzed using both ELISA and gas chromatography/ 

mass spectrometry (GC/MS) as verification of the 

ELISA method. Samples from selected sites were analyzed at the NWQL for a wide range of dissolved pesticides (table 2) using methods described in Ziegler 

and Combs (1997).

Fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus bacteria 

concentrations were analyzed by tribal or USGS personnel. All bacteria were processed within 6 hours of 

collection using the membrane-filtration method presented in Wilde and others (1998, p. 3-38). 

Suspended-solid concentration was measured using 

total residue solids concentration analyzed by the 

NWQL. Finally, after an oil spill in the upstream 

reaches of Soldier Creek in April 1997, two oil-andgrease samples were collected, one upstream from the 

spill and one downstream from the spill. During sampling on June 26-27, 1997, oil-and-grease samples 

were collected at five sites. All oil-and-grease samples 

were analyzed at the NWQL according to methods 

described in Ziegler and Combs (1997).

Each sample trip included collection of at least 

one blank sample consisting of deionized water

processed through the same filtering units as regular 

samples. In addition, duplicate samples from at least 

one sampling site were collected by filling a second set 

of sample bottles using the original sample water. 

Blank and duplicate samples were submitted for analysis along with the regular samples as part of USGS 

quality-control procedures (Ziegler and Combs, 1997). 

Blank-sample concentrations were evaluated to verify 

that the measured concentrations were less than the 

minimum report level(s). The minimum reporting 

level is a statistical value for the method of analysis 

whereby the reported value is at the 90-percent confidence level. Estimated values less than the minimum 

reporting level have a higher associated error. Duplicate-sample concentrations were compared to regularsample concentrations to verify that the difference 

between the two sample concentrations was less than 

10 percent of the regular-sample concentration.

Figure 3 shows flow duration for Soldier Creek 

near Saint Clere (sampling site SC03, fig. 2), located 

in the northwestern part of the reservation. It is the 

only sampling site with sufficient discharge data to 

calculate flow duration. A flow-duration curve shows

Table 2. Dissolved pesticides and metabolites for which analyses were performed by the U.S. Geological 

Survey's National Water-Quality Laboratory in Denver, Colorado

Acetochlor

Alachlor

Alpha BHC

Atrazine

Ametryn

Benfluralin

Butylate

Carbaryl

Carbofuran

Chlorpyrifos

Cyanazine

DCPA

p,p' DDE

Deethylatrazine

Deisoproylatrazine

Diazinon

Dieldrin

2,6-Diethylanaline

Disulfoton

EPTC

Ethalfluralin

Ethoprop

Fonofos

Lindane

Linuron

Malathion

Methyl azinphos

Methyl parathion

Metolachlor

Metribuzin

Molinate

Napropamide

Parathion

Pebulate

Pendimethalin

Permethrin

Phorate

Prometon

Prometryn

Pronamide

Propachlor

Propanil

Propargite

Propazine

Simazine

Tebuthiuron

Terbacil

Terbufos

Terybutryn

Thiobencarb

Triallate

Trifluralin

6 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
200

100

10

Flow-duration curve

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Exceedance probability

0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Figure 3. Flow duration for Little Soldier Creek near Saint Clere and stream discharge 

at time of water-quality sample collection, June 1996 through November 1998.

the proportion of time that a specific stream discharge 

will be exceeded. For example, when the stream discharge at sampling site SC03 is about 10 ft3/s, the 

exceedance probability is 0.5; therefore, stream disT

charge is greater than 10 ft /s for half of the time. Also 

shown in figure 3 are stream discharges at sampling 

site SC03 for each sample that was collected during 

this study. Quarterly surface-water-quality samples 

were collected throughout most of the range of streamflow between exceedance probabilities of about 0.20 

and 0.85, as indicated by figure 3, and therefore, were 

considered representative of flows that occur about 

65 percent of the time. Streamflows at the very high 

end of flow duration with exceedance probabilities less 

than 0.20 and Streamflows at the very low end with 

exceedance probabilities greater than 0.85 were not 

sampled. Flows in these ranges may need to be 

sampled in the future.

SURFACE-WATER QUALITY

Physical Properties

Specific conductance (table 3) can be used as a 

surrogate for (in lieu of) dissolved-solids concentration and generally is proportional to the concentrations 

of calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride,

bicarbonate, and sulfate (Hem, 

1985, p. 66-69). Specific 

conductance values (fig. 4/4) 

for streams on the Prairie Band 

of Potawatomi Reservation 

generally ranged from about 

500 to 700 u:S/cm (microsiemens per centimeter at 25 °C). 

As the map in figure 4B indicates, specific conductance values in the Little Soldier Creek 

Basin (sampling sites LSC01- 

LSC09) generally were less 

than those in the Soldier Creek 

Basin (sampling sites SC01- 

SC09), suggesting lower dissolved-solids concentrations in 

Little Soldier Creek.

Hydrogen activity of water 

is measured by pH (table 3). 

According to Hem (1985,

p. 64), pH of stream water not affected by pollution 

generally ranges from 6.5 to 8.5 standard units. Where 

photosynthesis by aquatic organisms takes up carbon 

dioxide during daylight and releases carbon dioxide at 

night, pH fluctuations may occur, and the maximum 

pH value may reach as high as 9.0 standard units. In 

contrast, other factors such as oxidation of dissolved 

ferrous iron, lower the pH. The U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (1986) recommends a pH range of 

6.5 to 8.5 standard units (limits of Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level, SMCL) for drinking-water 

supplies because, within that range, pH can be 

adjusted easily by treatment processes.

Onsite measurements of pH in 79 surface-water 

samples (fig. 5) from the reservation ranged from a 

low of 7.0 to a high of 9.0 standard units. Most values, 

however, ranged from about 7.5 to about 8.5 standard 

units. Consequently, pH of surface water on the reservation generally is within acceptable limits as established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

(1986).

Results of dissolved-oxygen measurements 

(table 3) are shown in figure 6. Concentrations ranged 

from 6.3 to 18.1 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in samples 

collected from throughout the reservation. Higher dissolved-oxygen concentrations are generally more 

desirable than lower concentrations for maintaining 

water quality to support aquatic organisms. Several 

factors can affect dissolved-oxygen concentration;

Surface-Water Quality
w

3. 

tu 

o

<D

u 

to

o

3

3)

re

o

(Q

J

O

re

cr 

re

to

CO

Table 3. Stream discharge at selected sampling sites and physical properties in surface-water-quality sam

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998

[ft.3/s, cubic feet per second; nS/cm, rnicrosiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; WH, whole water sample; °C, degrees Celsius; mm of Hg

--, undetermined]

Site no.

(f«g. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/day/ 

year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Discharge 

instantaneous

(ft3/s)

Specific 

conductance

pH.WH, 

onsite 

(standard 

units)

Water 

temperature

Air 

tempera

ture

Regular samples

Bills Creek Basin

BC01 Bills Creek, U.S. Highway 75 near Holton

6/27/96

6/26/97

13:45

13:00

0.21

0

605

593

7.6

7.9

29.1

31.2

32.5

26.2

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC01

LSC02

LSC03

LSC04

Little Soldier Creek, 190

Road near Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek, 174

Road near Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek, O

Road near Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek, 134

Road near Mayetta

6/27/96

6/25/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

11:40

16:30

9:30

11:55

14:35

15:30

10:20

10:05

10:25

11:20

12:50

10:40

14:00

15:20

12:55

9:35

10:55

9:55

.34

.10

.68

.26

1.2

.53

4.8

.20

4.2

5.3

1.5

3.3

4.9

5.6

.51

.01

5.7

.35

556

411

637

647

624

604

603

653

614

654

605

663

477

633

613

540

599

625

7.9

9.0

7.9

7.8

8.0

7.6

8.3

7.7

8.0

7.8

7.9

8.0

8.2

8.1

7.8

7.9

8.3

7.8

28.0

30.1

24.2

22.8

28.0

24.8

4.6

20.0

21.8

6.2

26.7

3.0

5.3

19.8

24.0

2.1

3.2

19.9

29.0

25.2

28.0

22.5

27.0

25.5

2.5

30.5

27.0

14.0

32.5

1.0

11.5

24.0

25.0

2.5

3.0

25.0
Table 3. Stream discharge at selected sampling sites and physical properties in surface-water-quality sam

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

3.

0)

o

<p

0)

O

D)

Site no.

(fig- 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/day/ 

year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Discharge 

instantaneous

(ft3/s)

Specific 

conductance

(u.S/cm)

pH, WH, 

onsite 

(standard 

units)

Water 

temperature

(°C)

Air 

tempera

ture

(°C)

Regular samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC04

LSC05

LSC06

LSC07

LSC08

Little Soldier Creek, 134

Road near Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek tributary, 1 34 Road near Hoyt

Big Elm Creek, 134 Road 

near Hoyt

Little Elm Creek, Q Road 

near Hoyt

Big Elm Creek, P Road 

near Hoyt

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96 

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96 

6/26/97

6/27/96 

6/26/97

10:20

12:10

13:10

14:30

11:50 

9:45

15:10

11:10

12:05

10:15

9:50

9:35

9:05

11:45

11:00

9:20 

11:40

10:50 

9:20

1.4

6.5

.21

.02

.35 

.88

1.4

1.4

.15

0

.11

1.4

.15

5.3

1.7

.09 

.04

.60

.37

532

675

577

663

671 

703

635

599

686

650

714

692

681

610

535

614 

649

646 

604

7.9

8.1

7.9

7.5

8.2 

7.9

8.1

8.1

7.5

7.7

7.9

8.2

8.0

8.1

8.1

7.4 

7.2

8.4 

8.0

22.1

7.5

28.2

24.2

27.0 

3.3

9.2

17.1

24.4

23.7

3.0

3.0

19.4

23.4

6.7

23.3 

22.8

24.5 

21.8

27.0

--

32.5

25.5

29.0 

1.0

10.0

20.5

25.0

24.0

2.5

3.0

24.0

30.0

--

28.0 

25.0

30.0 

21.5
Table 3. Stream discharge at selected sampling sites and physical properties in surface-water-quality sam

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

irf ace- Water Qualit

< 

o

3

5

CD 

 D

OJ 

 "T

(0 

00

Q)

3 

Q.

TJ

£

D> o"

3.

73

CD

CD

Q)

5'

3

Z

0

a.

CD 

0) 

(ACD"

3

ff

3

(0

Q)

Jfl

e_

c

3 

CD

(0 

(0

CD

H

O

(O3"

Z

o

CD

3O"

CD

(O

(0 

00

Site no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/day/ 

year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Discharge 

instantaneous

(ft3/s)

Specific 

conductance 

(uS/cm)

pH.WH, 

onsite 

(standard 

units)

Water 

temperature

Air 

tempera

ture

Regular samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC09 Little Soldier Creek, 126

Road near Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin

SC01 Soldier Creek, 214 Road

near Circleville

SC02 Soldier Creek tributary,

G Road near Circleville

SC03 Soldier Creek near Saint

Clere

SC04 Soldier Creek, 158 Road

near Saint Clere

SC05 Crow Creek, 166 Road

near Saint Clere

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

10:20

9:50

11:15

16:45

13:30

15:15

14:30

13:25

11:20

11:30

15:20

12:25

13:35

12:45

12:35

14:00

13:55

15:20

11:30

15:30

13:40

2.4

.88

11

4.9

2.6

1.5

18

16

26

31

8.6

3.5

4.4

19

7.1

21

40

22

11

1.9

.89

607

667

684

747

690

743

734

609

653

709

688

764

683

720

623

737

707

554

493

7.8

7.8

8.0

7.6

7.8

7.4

8.1

8.1

7.9

8.6

7.0

8.1

8.3

8.1

8.1

8.2

7.6

7.8

7.4

24.5

22.8

25.9

29.6

23.4

23.7

3.1

5.4

17.8

27.5

21.5

3.5

4.3

24.1

26.4

8.7

25.5

25.9

24.9

30.0

22.5

30.0

29.0

30.0

29.6

1.0

6.5

20.0

25.2

26.0

3.0

5.0

30.0

30.0

18.0

29.0

31.0

28.5
Table 3. Stream discharge at selected sampling sites and physical properties in surface-water-quality sam

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

O

c

Q)

Site no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/day/ 

year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Discharge 

instantaneous 

(ft3/s)

Specific 

conductance

(uS/cm)

PH, WH, 

onsite 

(standard 

units)

Water 

temperature

(°C)

Air 

tempera

ture

(°C)

Regular samples Continued

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC06 South Branch Soldier

Creek, H.5 Road near 

Saint Clere

SC07 Soldier Creek, I Road

near Delia

SC08 James Creek, 142 Road

near Delia

SC09 James Creek, 126 Road

near Delia

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

7/2/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

7/2/97

14:35

10:25

13:45

12:20

11:00

14:20

10:45

12:00

10:15

11:25

14:45

14:30

15:55

15:45

10:50

13:25

12:00

. 12:20

11:15

0.29

.13

27

28

42

51

12

18

4.1

4.3

29

10

35

62

.08

0

.38

.06

.10

554

587

615

702

630

647

685

680

609

714

660

676

633

744

557

701

595

652

698

7.9

7.3

8.1

7.2

8.1

8.1

8.0

7.6

7.0

8.2

8.4

8.3

8.2

8.2

7.4

7.8

7.8

7.9

7.4

26.0

23.5

28.8

3.2

6.8

18.9

25.6

28.5

21.9

4.2

4.2

28.2

26.0

8.3

22.2

24.0

25.1

24.8

26.0

31.0

25.5

31.0

1.0

6.5

23.0

24.8

27.0

23.0

3.0

6.0

28.0

28.0

16.0

30.0

23.0

33.0

24.0

26.5
TJ

O

ST

Q>

o

3.

3)

(D 

U» 

(D

&)

Table 3. Stream discharge at selected sampling sites and physical properties in surface-water-quality sam

Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

Site no.

(fig- 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/day/ 

year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Discharge specific 

instan- conductaneous tance

(ft3/s) (uS/cm)

pH,WH, 

onsite 

(standard 

units)

Water Air 

tempera- tempera

ture ture

Regluar samples Continued

South Cedar Creek Basin

SCC01 South Cedar Creek, U.S.

Highway 75 near Mayetta

6/27/96

6/26/97

12:20

14:10

0.62

.16

598

641

8.1

8.0

26.4

23.4

29.0

25.0

Duplicate samples

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC02

LSC03

Little Soldier Creek, 174

Road near Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek, O

Road near Mayetta

6/27/96

6/26/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

9:35

12:00

10:25

10:10

10:30

11:25

.68

.26

4.8

.20

4.2

5.3

637

647

603

653

614

654

7.9

7.8

8.3

7.7

8.0

7.8

24.2

22.8

4.6

20.0

21.8

6.2

28.0

22.5

2.5

30.5

27.0

14.0

LSC06 Big Elm Creek, 134 Road 5/8/97 

near Hoyt

11:15 1.4 599 8.1 17.1 20.5

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03 Soldier Creek near Saint 

Clere

11/12/97 13:50 4.4 764 8.1 3.5 3.0 

o

c 

to

SC06 South Branch Soldier 

Creek, H.5 Road near 

Saint Clere

6/26/96 14:40 .29 554 7.9 26.0 31.0 
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Surface-Water Quality 13
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y> U

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E £

.E -g 600

8

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a: d)

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1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I

 

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0 °

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1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! ^

0000000000000000000° ouououooocjuuoouuoouH

B.

Sampling site (fig. 2)

95°52'30"

39°22'30"

R. 14 E. R. 15 E.

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:24,000,1991

Alber Equal Area projection

Standard parallels 29°30' and 45=30; cental meridian 96°

EXPLANATION 0123 5 KILOMETERS

 Stream-basin boundary

 Reservation boundary

SC07A Surface-water sampling site and 

identifier used in tables

O Surface-water sampling site 

sampled quarterly

Specific conductance, in microsiemens 

per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius

A 484-524 

A 525-652 

A 653-717

Figure 4. Distribution of specific conductance values in surface-water samples, June 1996 through 

November 1998.

14 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
10.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

I I I 1 I

 O

o

O O

o 

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o 8

8-

o

o o

temperatures shows that dissolvedoxygen concentrations are greater 

than 10 mg/L when water temperatures are less than about 20 °C. At 

temperatures greater than 20 °C, 

slower moving water can have 

lower dissolved-oxygen 

concentrations.

o (J

CD

CO

o (J

CO

LO

8

CO

CO

o 

CJ 

CO

oo

o 

0

Sampling site (fig. 2)

Figure 5. Distribution of pH values in surface-water samples, June 1996 through 

November 1998.

 - 20

15

10

5.0

O

O

O

o

o

o

o

o 

o o

o

o o

o

I I

CM

8

C/)

00

o 

o

Sampling site (fig. 2)

Figure 6. Distribution of dissolved-oxygen concentrations in surface-water 

samples, June 1996 through November 1998.

water temperature and atmospheric pressure have a 

fairly strong effect. In figure 7, a comparison of 

dissolved-oxygen concentrations with water

Nutrients

Nitrogen and phosphorus are 

essential for the growth and reproduction of plants (Hem, 1985, 

p. 121). Rooted aquatic plants and 

algae, for example, require dissolved forms of nitrogen and phosphorus as nutrients. Compounds of 

nitrogen, such as nitrite, nitrate, 

and ammonia, are the basic building blocks for protein synthesis. 

Phosphorus serves as an energy 

source in cellular chemical reactions. However, large inputs of 

nitrogen and phosphorus compounds to streams can cause excessive algal growth. This may 

produce taste and odor problems in 

drinking water, reduce the aesthetic 

and recreational value of water, and 

stress aquatic organisms due to 

decreased dissolved-oxygen concentrations when algal blooms die. 

Therefore, it is desirable to prevent 

or mitigate the introduction of 

excessive nutrient concentrations 

into surface water used as public 

supply or where sensitive aquatic 

organisms may be present.

Major sources of nutrients in 

and around the reservation include 

agricultural activities such as the 

application of fertilizers and the 

pasturing and confined feeding of 

livestock. Common fertilizers used 

include, among others, anhydrous 

ammonia, ammonium nitrate, urea, and mono- and 

diammonium phosphates. The amount of fertilizer 

applied in Kansas has increased substantially during 

the last four decades. In 1950, about 180,000 tons of

o

o

o u 

o o

o

o

o

o

I I

Surface-Water Quality 15
,_ 20

15

* 10

O

O

o O

O cP°c9o

o o

o

10 15 20 25 30 

Water temperature, in degrees Celsius

35 40

Figure 7. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations compared to water temperatures in 

surface-water samples, June 1996 through November 1998.

fertilizer (Kansas State Board of Agriculture and U.S. 

Department of Agriculture, 1985) were applied in 

Kansas, whereas by 1994, application was about 

1,700,000 tons (Kansas Department of Agriculture 

and U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1997). It is likely 

that this statewide increasing trend in fertilizer use 

also occurred on and near the reservation. Additionally, farm livestock can produce considerable amounts 

of nitrogenous waste (urine and manure) that can concentrate in areas where large numbers of animals are 

pastured or confined. Decomposition of large amounts 

of fertilizers and manure can release nutrients to surface runoff or to shallow ground water with the potential for discharge to nearby streams.

A less significant potential source of nutrients on 

the reservation is bacterial decomposition of plant and 

animal protein and leeching from septic systems or 

sewage lagoons. Also, nutrients, particularly nitrate 

and ammonia, may be components of precipitation 

(Christensen and Pope, 1997); however, because of 

dominant agricultural land use in the area, precipitation is probably a minor contributor of nutrients to 

reservation surface water.

Nitrite Plus Nitrate

Nitrate is formed by complete oxidation of ammonium ions by microorganisms found in soil, water, 

sewage, and the digestive tract (U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency, 1986). In 

most oxygenated surface water, 

nitrate is by far the dominant ion 

due to rapid oxidation of nitrite. 

Nitrate nitrogen is the form of 

nitrogen most easily used by 

most rooted green plants and 

algae. Nitrate nitrogen generally 

occurs in uncontaminated surface water with a worldwide 

average concentration of 

0.30 mg/L (Reid and Wood, 

1976, p. 235). Larger concentrations may stimulate growth of 

rooted plants or accelerate algal 

production to an extent that may 

produce taste or odor problems 

in finished drinking water. 

Because most aquatic organisms can tolerate nitrite plus 

nitrate concentrations far in 

excess of what normally might 

be found even in contaminated surface water, no 

water-quality criteria have been established for protection of aquatic life. However, a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) in drinking water of 10 mg/L as 

nitrogen was established by the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (1986) for nitrite plus nitrate as 

nitrogen because of possible toxic effects to infants.

Concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate 

(table 4, fig. 8) in surface-water samples from the reservation were less than the minimum reporting level of 

0.050 mg/L as nitrogen in 9 of the 79 samples collected. The median concentration was 0.183 mg/L, and 

the maximum concentration was 1.46 mg/L. The two 

highest concentrations were from Soldier Creek samples (sampling sites SC03 and SC07, fig. 2); however, 

these concentrations were considerably less than the 

MCL of 10 mg/L.

Ammonia

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (1986), concentrations of ammonia as nitrogen ranging from 0.440 to 19.0 mg/L (uncorrected for 

pH) are acutely toxic to 19 freshwater invertebrate 

species. Concentrations ranging from 0.070 to 

3.80 mg/L are acutely toxic to 29 fish species. Acute 

toxicity of ammonia in fish causes increased respiration, oxygen uptake, and heart rate; reduction in hatching success and growth and morphological

16 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
Table 4. Nutrient concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of 

Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; <, less than indicated minimum reporting level; --, not determined]

Site no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Nitrogen, 

nitrite

(mg/L as 

N)

Nitrite 

plus 

nitrate, 

dissolved

(mg/L as 

N)

Nitrogen, 

ammonia

(mg/L as 

N)

Nitrogen, 

ammonia 

plus 

organic 

material

(mg/L as 

N)

Phosphorus, 

total

(mg/L as 

P)

Phosphorus, 

ortho

(mg/L as 

P)

Regular samples

Bills Creek Basin

BC01 Bills Creek, U.S.

Highway 75 

near Holton

6/27/96

6/26/97

13:45

13:00

<0.010

.039

0.050

.141

0.030

.068

0.90

.80

<0.010

.034

<0.010

<.010

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC01

LSC02

LSC03

LSC04

LSC05

Little Soldier

Creek, 190 

Road near

Mayetta

Little Soldier

Creek, 174 

Road near

Mayetta

Little Soldier

Creek, O Road 

near Mayetta

Little Soldier

Creek, 134 

Road near 

Mayetta

Little Soldier

Creek tributary, 

134 Road near

Hoyt

6/27/96

6/25/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97 

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

11/13/96 

2/19/97 

5/8/97

6/26/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

11/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

11:40

16:30

9:30

11:55

14:35

15:30 

10:20

10:05

10:25

11:20

12:50

10:40 

14:00 

15:20

12:55

9:35

10:55

9:55

10:20

12:10

13:10

14:30

<.010

<.010

<.010

.013

<.010

<.010 

<.010

.011

<.010

<.010

<.010

.030 

.010 

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

.027

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.050

<.050

.120

.081

.070

.136 

.290

.172

.207

.226

.070

.360 

.110 

<.050

.110

<.050

.302

<.050

.446

.307

.130

.097

<.015

<.015

.020

.020

<.015

<.015 

.020

.067

.054

.027

.020

.030 

<.015 

<.015

<.015

<.020

<.020

.039

.044

.029

.030

.051

.50

.51

.20

.53

.20

.29

.23

.48

.25

.19

.40

<.20 

.30

.22

.33

.35

.24

.37

.45

.18

<.20

.30

.020

.038

<.010

.055

.020

.033 

.034

.051

.062

.055

.010

.040 

.030 

.034

.029

.072

.040

.072

.163

.058

<.010

.022

<.010

<.010

.020

.018

.020

.031 

.034

.017

.045

.041

.020

.030 

<.010 

.015

.023

.094

.037

.018

.146

.047

.020

.021

Surface-Water Quality 17
Table 4. Nutrient concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of 

Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

Site no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Nitrite 

plus 

Nitro- nitrate, Nitrogen, dissol- gen, 

nitrite ved ammonia 

(mg/L as (mg/L as (mg/L as 

N) N) N)

Nitrogen, 

ammonia 

plus 

organic 

material 

(mg/L as 

N)

Phosphorus, 

total 

(mg/L as 

P)

Phosphorus, 

ortho 

(mg/L as 

P)

Regular samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC06

LSC07

LSC08

LSC09

Big Elm Creek, 

1 34 Road near 

Hoyt

Little Elm Creek,

Q Road near 

Hoyt

Big Elm Creek, P 

Road near Hoyt

Little Soldier

Creek, 126 

Road near Hoyt

6/27/96 

11/13/96 

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96 

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

11:50 

9:45 

15:10

11:10

12:05

10:15

9:50

9:35

9:05

11:45

11:00

9:20

11:40

10:50 

9:20

10:20

9:50

<0.010 

.020 

.020

<.010

<.010

.011

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

.011

<.010 

<.010

<.010

<.010

0.230 

.410 

.270

.126

.169

<.050

<.050

.227

.333

.153

.524

.080

.121

.270 

.35

.10

.183

0.030 

.040 

<.015

<.015

.031

.106

.021

<.020

.027

.039

.042

.020

.018

.020 

<.015

<.015

.028

<0.20 

<.20 

.20

<.20

.24

.50

.19

.22

.21

.27

.27

.30

.51

<.20 

<.20

.20

.41

0.070 

.060 

.050

<.010

.072

.023

.064

.051

.094

.053

.185

.030

.081

.060 

.059

.030

.097

0.070 

.060 

.030

<.010

.068

.016

.105

.041

.097

.051

.130

.030

.033

.070 

.066

.040

.044

Soldier Creek Basin

SC01

SC02

SC03

Soldier Creek,

2 14 Road near 

Circleville

Soldier Creek

tributary, G 

Road near

Circleville

Soldier Creek

near Saint Clere

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

11:15

16:45

13:30

15:15

14:30

13:25

11:20

11:30

15:20

.040

.023

<.010

.022

.010

.030

.020

<.010

<.010

1

.287

.38

.336

.370

.610

.650

.148

.122

.020

<.015

<.015

.019

.020

.030

<.015

<.015

<.015

.50

.53

<.20

.27

.40

<.20

.40

. .26

.59

.080

.076

<.010

.036

.040

.090

.040

.026

.049

.05

.027

.010

.025

.020

.090

<.010

<.010

.022

18 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
Table 4. Nutrient concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of 

Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

Site no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Nitrogen, 

nitrite

(mg/L as 

N)

Nitrite 

plus 

nitrate, 

dissolved

(mg/L as 

N)

Nitrogen, 

ammonia

(mg/L as 

N)

Nitrogen, 

ammonia 

plus 

organic 

material

(mg/L as 

N)

Phosphorus, 

total

(mg/L as 

P)

Phosphorus, 

ortho

(mg/L as 

P)

Regular samples Continued

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC03

SC04

SC05

SC06

SC07

SC08

Soldier Creek

near Saint Clere

Soldier Creek,

158 Road near 

Saint Clere

Crow Creek, 166

Road near Saint 

Clere

South Branch

Soldier Creek, 

H.5 Road near

Saint Clere

Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

James Creek,

142 Road near 

Delia

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

11/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

12:25

13:35

12:45

12:35

14:00

13:55

15:20

11:30

15:30

13:40

14:35

10:25

13:45

12:20

11:00

14:20

10:45

10:15

11:25

14:45

14:30

15:55

15:45

10:50

13:25

<0.010

<.010

<.010

.012

<.010

<.010

.010

.012

<.010

<.010

<.010

.014

.010

.030

.020

<.010

.015

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

0.074

.079

.343

.220

.119

1.460

.620

.256

.130

.142

.060

.231

.710

.630

.330

.152

.357

<.050

.051

.289

<.050

.271

1.4

.260

.073

<0.015

<.020

<.020

.024

.045

.033

.020

<.015

.020

.032

.020

.049

<.015

.030

<.015

<.015

<.015

.050

<.020

<.020

<.020

.057

.033

.050

.039

0.30

.28

.21

.74

.37

.21

.30

.32

.20

.31

.30

.37

.50

<.20

.30

.26

.38

.69

.47

.19

.80

.41

.31

.60

.27

<0.010

.029

.046

.115

.028

.085

.040

.048

.030

.056

.020

.046

.080

.050

.050

.019

.069

.097

.046

.038

.125

.087

.137

.060

.047

<0.010

.035

.034

.021

.025

.052

.030

.041

.030

.032

.020

.027

.040

.050

<.010

.020

.056

.125

.051

.033

.018

.047

.065

<.010

.025

Surface-Water Quality 19
Table 4. Nutrient concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of 

Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

Site no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of

sample

collection

(month/

day/year)

Time of

sample

collection

(24-hour)

Nitrogen,

nitrite

(mg/L as

N)

Nitrite

plus

nitrate,

dissolved

(mg/L as

N)

Nitrogen,

ammonia

(mg/L as

N)

Nitrogen,

ammonia

plus

organic

material

(mg/L as

N)

Phosphorus,

total

(mg/L as

P)

Phosphorus,

ortho

(mg/L as

P)

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC09 James Creek, 6/26/96

126 Road near 6/25/97

Delia

South Cedar Creek Basin 

SCC01 South Cedar 6/27/96

Creek, U.S. 6/26/97

Highway 75

near Mayetta

Regular samples Continued

12:00 <0.010 0.110 

12:20 .017 .232

12:20 <.010 .290 

14:10 .012 .267

Blank samples

0.020

<.015

.030

.017

<0.20

.28

.40

.29

0.030

.044

.070

.075

0.030

.036

.040

.063

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC04 Little Soldier 

Creek, 134 

Road near 

Mayetta

LSC09 Little Soldier 

Creek, 126 

Road near Hoyt 

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03

SC07

Soldier Creek 

near Saint Clere

Soldier Creek, I 

Road near Delia

5/8/97

6/27/96 

6/26/97

6/26/96 

11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

6/2/98

2/19/98 

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

13:40

10:45 

9:50

15:00 

11:20

13:15

13:55

10:00

11:00

10:30

12:10 

10:30

11:05

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC02 Little Soldier 

Creek, 174

6/27/96 

6/26/97

9:35 

12:00

<.010

<.010 

<.010

<.010 

.030

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010

<.010 

<.010

<.010

<.050

<.050 

<.050

<.050 

<.050

<.050

<.050

<.050

<.050

<.050

.066 

<.050

<.050

<.015

<.015 

<.015

.020 

.030

<.015

<.015

<.015

<.020

<.020

<.020 

.044

.025

<.20

<.20 

<.20

<.20 

<.20

<.20

<.20

<.20

<.10

<.10

<.10 

<.10

<.10

Duplicate samples

<.010 

.013

.06 

.084

.020 

.025

.30

.55

<.010

<.010 

<.010

<.010 

<.010 

<.010 

<.010 

<.010 

<.010 

<.010

<.010 

<.010 

<.050

.020

.057

<.010

<.010 

<.010

<.010 

<.010 

<.010 

<.010 

<.010 

.033

<.oio

.018

.017

.010

.020

.024

Road near 

Mayetta

20 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
Table 4. Nutrient concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of 

Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

Site no.

(fig- 2) Site name

Date of

sample

collection

(month/

day/year)

Time of

sample

collection

(24-hour)

Nitrogen,

nitrite

(mg/L as

N)

Nitrite

plus

nitrate,

dissolNitrogen,

ved ammonia

(mg/L as

N)

(mg/L as

N)

Nitrogen,

ammonia

plus

organic

material

(mg/L as

N)

Phosphorus,

total

(mg/L as

P)

Phosphorus,

ortho

(mg/L as

P)

Dupulicate samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek BasinLSC03 Little Soldier

Creek, O Road

near Mayetta

-Continued

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

10:25

10:10

10:30

11:25

<0.010

.012

<.010

<.010

0.298

.169

.217

.219

<0.020

.073

.039

.027

0.24

.43

.31

.19

0.041

.077

.042

.049

0.033

.020

.046

.040

LSC06 Big Elm Creek, 

134 Road near 

Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin 

SC03 Soldier Creek

near Saint Clere

5/8/97 11:15

11/12/97 13:50

<.010

<.010

.123

.072

<.015

<.020

<.20

.28

<.010

.028

<.010

.034

SC06 South Branch 

Soldier Creek, 

H.5 Road near 

Saint Clere

6/26/96 14:40 <.010 .060 .020 .20 <.010 .010

SC07 Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

12:25

11:05

10:50

10:20

.025

.020

.017

<.010

.631

.49

.364

<.050

.023

<.015

<.015

<.015

<.20

.30

.34

.63

.065

.100

.056

.079

.043

<.010

.058

<.010

development; and injuries to gills, liver, and kidneys. 

At larger concentrations, fish may experience convulsions, coma, and death. The most likely source for 

ammonia on the reservation is from nonpoint sources 

related to agricultural land use. or septic systems. 

Nonpoint sources refer to a broad area, such as agricultural land, as opposed to discrete points, such as a 

factory or wastewater-treatment outflow.

Dissolved ammonia concentrations as nitrogen 

(table 4) for surface-water samples collected from the 

reservation ranged from a low of less than 0.015 mg/L 

to a high of 0.106 mg/L, with a median concentration 

less than a minimum reporting level of 0.02 mg/L. 

Thirty-two of the 79 samples had concentrations less 

than minimum reporting levels of either 0.02 or 

0.015 mg/L. Most other concentrations were less than

about 0.060 mg/L (fig. 9). None of the dissolved 

ammonia as nitrogen concentrations exceeded the 

Kansas Department of Health and Environment (1994) 

chronic water-quality criterion, which varies depending on water temperature and pH.

Phosphorus

Excessive concentrations of phosphorus in water 

may contribute to eutrophication of reservoirs. 

Eutrophication (nutrient enrichment) is characterized 

by excessive nutrient concentrations, decreasing dissolved-oxygen concentrations, and dense growths of 

algae (Reid and Wood, 1976, p. 293). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1986) criterion for total 

phosphate (as phosphorus) is 0.100 mg/L for aquatic 

life. Higher concentrations may interfere with

Surface-Water Quality 21
03 ^

O _.

C m

8 ^

2 «3

 c J3 0.1 SI

0.01 ' ^r-±

0.20

coagulation in water-treatment 

plants. To prevent excessive 

algal growth, the concentration 

should not exceed 0.048 mg/L in 

any stream at the point where it 

enters a lake or reservoir nor 

should it exceed 25 mg/L within 

the lake or reservoir (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

1986). Potential sources for high 

concentrations of phosphorus in 

streams on the Prairie Band of 

Potawatomi Reservation are 

probably human or animal waste 

and fertilizers applied to agricultural lands to enhance plant 

production.

Total phosphorus concentrations in surface-water samples 

from the reservation (table 4, 

fig. 10) were less than the minimum reporting level of 

0.010 mg/L in 6 of 79 samples. 

The median concentration was 

0.048 mg/L, and the maximum 

concentration was 0.185 mg/L. 

Generally, concentrations 

ranged from about 0.020 to 

0.100 mg/L, with five samples 

from four sites sampled quarterly (sampling sites LSC04, 

LSC06, SC03, and SC07) 

exceeding 0.100 mg/L. The 

occurrence of total phosphorus 

concentrations near and exceeding 0.100 mg/L probably reflects 

nonpoint-source contributions 

from agricultural activities or 

septic systems.

Pesticides

Several studies relating to herbicide use have been 

conducted in Kansas during the past few years. Atrazine, one of the triazine herbicides, is the major herbicide of interest in and around the reservation because 

it has been used since the 1950's in the production of 

corn and grain sorghum in the area. Another potential

1 1

:

_

-

o

:

-

 o o1 1

o

0 <3

O

0 °

° 0

 

I I

o

8

o °

O

 © 

I I

O

O

o

8

0 0

o

-e 

1 1 1 1

0

o 8 

o °

o

o

___

0

§

§

O

O 

0

§

1 1 1 1 1 1

O

o 8

° o ° o

8 ° o

o

o Q -

1

:

_

8 -

:

-

 

Minimum reporting level

1 1

o o

0 0

00 CO

I I

CN 00 

O O

0 0

CO CO

, ,

 ^- in 

o o

0 O

CO CO

, ! CO 1^

o o

0 O

CO CO

1 1 1 1

00 O5 *- CN

o o o o

o o o o

CO CO CO CO

, n 

o

O

CO

1 1 1 1 1 1

** in co r^ oo o> 

o o o o o o

O O O O O O

CO CO CO CO CO CO

,

o

0

0 

CO

Sampling site (fig. 2)

Figure 8. Distribution of nitrite plus nitrate concentrations in surface-water samples, 

June 1996 through November 1998. Undetected concentrations are plotted at the 

minimum reporting level.

c

0 ffl 

03 2= := 0.10

C C

o c

o ro

E.E

0.01

I I 

: o

-

- 0

 _

I I

0 0

o o

CD CO

_l

1

-o1

CN

o

0

CO_J

1

O 

O

O

-©-

-0- 

|

CO

o

O

CO

1 1

o

© 0

| |

 t in 

o o

0 O

CO CO

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

O 

Minimum reporting levels

©

A o

-©

-e 

I

CO

o

O

CO

-© -e-

 -e-

\ \

f~- 00

o o

0 0

CO CO _J _l

o

 -& 

1 1

o o

o o

CO CO

_J

/

/ ' §°

-cA-e-e-

-e^-e-eCN ro * 

o o o

000

CO CO CO

0

-e 

I

in 

o

0

CO

1 

O

0-

j~

CO

o

o

CO

1 1 1 

8 o

 0

8

-0 O

-0 O1 1 1

1*- 00 O)

o o o

000

CO CO CO

1

0 -

 

 

o

o

o

CO

Sampling site (fig. 2)

Figure 9. Distribution of ammonia concentrations in surface-water samples, June 

1996 through November 1998. Undetected concentrations are plotted at the minimum 

reporting levels.

source of atrazine may be its use in controlling weeds 

along railroad right-of-ways and along roads and highways. It is the most frequently detected herbicide in 

Kansas surface water (Stamer and Zelt, 1994).

Atrazine, where used extensively, may pose a 

potential threat to surface water on the reservation 

because of possible adverse effects on human health 

and potential toxicity to aquatic life. Currently (1999), 

the Kansas Department of Health and Environment 

(1994) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

22 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
c 

o

(0 ,_

i: 0) C +;

c 0)

O Q.

8

0.30

0.10

0.01

0.005

1 1 1 1 1 1

o

: o § o

" o ° o §

00°

1 1 1

o

1 °

o

o

1 1 1 1 1 II

Aquatic life criterion

@ 8~

° 9

o

o

o

1 1 1 1

s

T0 §1

6 O o

O

O

Minimum reporting level

^o -o -e-e

" 1 1 1- 1 1 1

*- «- CM co ^t in

O O o O O O

CJ 0 o 0 0 cj

OQ CO CO CO CO CO

-6- 

1 1 1

<D Is- 00 

O O O 

CJ CJ 0 

CO CO CO

 -e-e1 1 1 1

o> !~ CM ro 

o o o o 

CJ CJ o 0 

CO CO CO CO

1 1 1

 *t in <o 

o o o 

0 CJ 0 

CO CO CO

- 

1 1 1 1 -

f"» 00 Oi J~

o o o o 

CJ CJ 0 O 

CO CO CO CJ 

CO

Sampling site (fig. 2)

Figure 10. Distribution of total phosphorus concentrations in surface-water samples, 

June 1996 through November 1998. Aquatic life criterion from U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (1986). Undetected concentrations are plotted at the minimum 

reporting level.

(1994) have established an annual mean MCL of 

3.0 |Lig/L (micrograms per liter) in finished drinkingwater supplies.

On the basis of a study of atrazine concentrations 

in the Delaware River Basin (fig. 1) in northeastern 

Kansas, Pope (1995) showed that daily mean triazine 

concentrations exceeded 3.0 |*lg/L for atrazine at times 

during the months of May, June, and July. Daily mean 

concentrations at or greater than 30 jug/L were not 

uncommon. However, daily mean concentrations 

greater than 3.0 |Llg/L were rare at other times of the 

year and generally were less than 1.0 pig/L between 

August and April; consequently, the annual mean concentration was less than the MCL (Pope, 1995).

In a study of the distribution, transport, and relative age of atrazine in Perry Lake in northeastern Kansas, Fallon (1994) described the effects of 

precipitation, reservoir residence time, and herbicide 

application. Runoff occurring immediately after atrazine application increased atrazine concentrations in 

the lake. Results of Pope's (1995) study of the Delaware River Basin and Fallon's (1994) study of Perry 

Lake suggest that runoff resulting from precipitation in 

late spring and early summer after atrazine application 

increases atrazine concentrations in the streams.

Figure 11A shows the concentrations of dissolved 

triazine herbicides as analyzed using the ELISA 

method (triazine screen in table 5). Of the 82 triazine 

analyses, 29 contained triazine concentrations less 

than the minimum reporting level of 0.1 |Hg/L. The

median concentration was 

0.2 )Ug/L, and the maximum 

concentration was 10 H-g/L. Triazine concentrations in four 

samples (fig. 11#) exceeded 

3.0 |Ug/L; three samples had a 

concentration of 4.0 )Hg/L, and 

one had a concentration of 

10 M-g/L. All samples exceeding 

3.0 (ulg/L were from Soldier 

Creek sampling sites (sampling 

sites SC01, SC03, SC04, SC07; 

fig. 2) and were collected during 

June 26, 1996.

Dissolved atrazine concentrations (table 5, fig. 12) analyzed using the GC/MS method 

ranged from a low of 0.016 ^ig/L 

to a maximum of 7.40 |ig/L. Of 

the 30 samples analyzed using 

this method, none were less than the minimum reporting level of 0.001 M-g/L. The median concentration was 

0.161 |iig/L. Two samples collected on June 26, 1996, 

from sampling sites SC01 (7.40 jxg/L) and SC07 

(5.10 jig/L), exceeded 3.0 u.g/L.

Figure 13 compares triazine herbicide concentrations, determined using ELISA, to dissolved atrazine 

concentrations, determined using GC/MS. At concentrations greater than the triazine minimum reporting level (0.1 ^g/L), a direct relation exists where the 

triazine concentration slightly overestimates the atrazine concentration. This is due, in part, to the presence 

of other triazine herbicides in the water samples such 

as the atrazine metabolite deethylatrazine and the triazine herbicide cyanazine. Of 30 samples analyzed for 

deethylatrazine, one sample (sampling site LSC01) 

contained a concentration that was less than the minimum reporting level of 0.050 |ig/L; in the remainder 

of the samples, the deethylatrazine concentrations 

were estimated and ranged from 0.002 to 0.290 M-g/L, 

with a median estimated concentration of 0.020 (ig/L. 

Of 30 samples analyzed for dissolved cyanazine, 

20 contained concentrations that were less than the 

minimum reporting levels of 0.004 or 0.050 |Hg/L. 

Nine samples with detected dissolved cyanazine all 

had concentrations of 0.008 M-g/L or less.

Other detected herbicides included alachlor and 

metolachlor. Alachlor concentrations were detected 

in 21 of 30 surface-water samples, with a median concentration of 0.018 |Lig/L and a maximum

Surface-Water Quality 23
A.

10

10U

0 0

0.1

r

1 1 1 1 1 1

Maximum Com

1 1 1 1 

O 

aminant Level for atra 

O O\

1

:ine (annua

0

1 

mean)

0 O O 0 O

r°ooo °ooo g o^

: ° O nMinimum reporting level ° ° O

- 00 0 \ 0 0 0 0 -

-o oo ooo o\o o o

ii ii^iiiiiiimii 

--

j.

oooooooooooooooo 

OOOOOOOUOOCJOOOOO

Sampling site

B.

39°22'30"

R 13 E.

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:24,000,1991

Alber Equal Area projection

Standard parallels 29°30' and 45°30; cental meridian 96° EXPLANATION 01234 5 KILOMETERS

- Stream-basin boundary

 Reservation boundary

SC07A Surface-water sampling site and 

identifier used in tables

(_) Surface-water sampling site 

sampled quarterly

Maximum triazine concentration, 

in micrograms per liter

A Less than 1.0

A 1.0-less than 3.0

A 3.0 - less than 5.0

A 5.0-10

Figure 11 . Distribution of triazine herbicide concentrations determined by enzyme-linked 

immunosorbent assay in surface-water samples, June 1996 through November 1998. Maximum 

Contaminant Level for atrazine is from Kansas Department of Health and Environment (1994) and U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency (1994). Undetected concentrations are plotted at the minimum 

reporting level.

24 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Ba

Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998

[ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GC/MS, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Hg/L, micrograms per liter; <, less than indicated m

--, not determined]

Site no. 

(fig- 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Atrazine, 

Triazine disscreen solved, Ace- Amet

using using tochlor, Alachlor, Alpha dis

ELISA GC/MS filtered dissolved BHC solv

Gig/L) (ng/L) (^ig/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/

Regular samples

Bills Creek Basin

BC01 Bills Creek, U.S.

Highway 75 near 

Holton

6/27/96

6/26/97

13:45

13:00

0.4

2

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC01

LSC02

LSC03

Little Soldier Creek,

190 Road near

Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek,

174 Road near 

Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek,

O Road near 

Mayetta

6/27/96

6/25/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97 

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

11/24/98

11:40

16:30

9:30

11:55

14:35

15:30 

10:20

10:05

10:25

11:20

.6 0.45 <0.05 0.06 -- <0.0

1

.9

2

1

2 

<.l .031 <.002 <.002 <.002 -- 

.2 .076 <.002 .015 <.002 - 

<.l .08 <.002 .004 <.002 - 

<.l
O

o

03

D)

3

a 

o

 o 

o 

ST

to 

o

3

3J

(D 

W 

(D

D) 

O

(D 

(O 

0)

O

C

(a3-

Z

o

(D

O" 

(D

Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Ban

Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

Site no.

(fig- 2)

Date of

sample

collection

(month/

Site name day/year)

Time of

sample

collection

(24-hour)

Atrazine,

Triazine disscreen solved,

using using

ELISA GC/MS

(|ig/L) (^g/L)

Acetochlor, Alachlor, Alpha

filtered dissolved BHC

(|ig/L) (txg/L) (^g/L)

Ametr

dis- 

solve

(ng/L

Regular samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC04

LSC05

LSC06

Little Soldier Creek, 6/27/96

134 Road near j 1/13/96

Mayetta 2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/1 1/98

11/24/98

Little Soldier Creek 6/27/96

tributary, 134 Road 6/26/97

near Hoyt

Big Elm Creek, 134 6/27/96

Road near Hoyt j 1/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

8/13/97

1 1/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

12:50

10:40

14:00

15:20

12:55

9:35

10:55

9:55

10:20

12:10

13:10

14:30

11:50

9:45

15:10

11:10

12:05

10:15

9:50

9:35

9:05

11:45

1 1

<.l

<.l

.2 .247

2

<.l .066

<.l .03

.1

<.l

<.l

.1

.5

0.3

<.l .019

<.l .016

<.l .035

.3

<.l

<.l .022

<.l

<.l

.2

<0.05 0.05

_

.0052 .307 <0.002

<.002 <.03 <.002

<.002 <.002 <.002

..

--

_

_

_

<.002 <.002 <.002

<.002 <.002 <.002

.0055 .006 <.002

-

-

<.002 .01 <.002

..

-.

<0.05

_

-

-

--

_

_

-

-

_
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Ba

Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

Site no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Triazine 

screen 

using 

ELISA

Atrazine, 

dissolved, 

using 

GC/MS

Acetochlor, Alachlor, Alpha 

filtered dissolved BHC 

Gig/L) Gig/L) (ng/L)

Ametr

dis

solve

(ng/L

Regular samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC06

LSC07

LSC08

LSC09

Big Elm Creek, 134 

Road near Hoyt

Little Elm Creek, Q 

Road near Hoyt

Big Elm Creek, P 

Road near Hoyt

Little Soldier Creek,

126 Road near Hoyt

1 1/24/98

6/27/96 

6/26/97

6/27/96 

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

11:00

9:20 

11:40

10:50 

9:20

10:20

9:50

<0.1

.3 

.2

.4 

.2

1

2

-

0.31

.173

.72

1.05

-

<0.002 0.026 <0.002 

<.002 .027 <.002

<.002 .045 <.002

<.002 .053 <.002

-

Soldier Creek Basin

SC01

SC02

Soldier Creek, 214

Road near 

Circleville

Soldier Creek tributary, G Road near

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

11:15

16:45

13:30

15:15

10

.8

.1

.1

7.4

.682

..

__

<.002 2.6 <.002

<.002 .044 <.002

.._

_.

Circleville

O

0)
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Ban

Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

c

n> 

o

CT

o

Site no.

(fig- 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Atrazine, 

Triazine disscreen solved, Ace- Ametr

using using tochlor, Alachlor, Alpha dis- 

ELISA GC/MS filtered dissolved BHC solve

(ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L

Regular samples Continued

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC03

SC04

SC05

SC06

Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

Soldier Creek, 158

Road near Saint 

Clere

Crow Creek, 166

Road near Saint 

Clere

South Branch

Soldier Creek, H.5

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

14:30

13:25

11:20

11:30

15:20

12:25

13:35

12:45

12:35

14:00

13:55

15:20

11:30

15:30

13:40

14:35

10:25

4

<!

<.l

.3 0.234 0.0055 0.016 <0.002 -- 

.8

2

<.l .041 <.002 .02 <.002 -- 

<.l

<.l

2

<.l .016 <.002 <.002 <.002 -- 

4

.8

2

3

.6

2

Road near Saint 

Clere

CO

to

00
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Ba

Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

Site no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Triazine 

screen 

using 

ELISA

Atrazine, 

dissolved, 

using 

GC/MS

Acetochlor, Alachlor, Alpha 

filtered dissolved BHC

Amet

dis

solv

(|ig/

Regular samples Continued

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC07

SC08

SC09

South

SCC01

Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

James Creek, 142

Road near Delia

James Creek, 126

Road near Delia

Cedar Creek Basin

South Cedar Creek,

U.S. Highway 75

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

7/2/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

7/2/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

13:45

12:20

11:00

14:20

10:45

12:00

10:15

11:25

14:45

14:30

15:55

15:45

10:50

13:25

12:00

12:20

11:15

12:20

14:10

4

<.l

<.l

.2

1

.7

.3

<.l

<.l

.3

.2

<.l

.6

.3

.5

.2

.1

.3

.8

5.1

-

-

.228

-

.492

.149

.052

-

.328

.11

--

_

-

.45

--

.124

--

<0.002 0.52 <0.002

..

..

.009 .019 <.002

..

<.002 .015 <.002

<.002 .006 <.002

<.002 <.002 <.002

<.002 .055 <.002

<.002 .004 <.002

--

_

--

<.002 .048 <.002

..

<.002 E .003 <.002

..

--

--

--

--

--

_

--

..

near Mayetta
D

c 

u

O

a. 3-

(D 

0) 

W

<?

3

0) 

V)

y>

c_

(O 

<0 

O>

O

(O3"

O

O

cr

(D

Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Ban

Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

Site

(fig

no.

 2)

Date of 

sample

collection

(month/

Site name day/year)

Time of

sample

collection

(24-hour)

Triazine

screen

using

ELISA

(H9/L)

Atrazine, 

dissolved,

using

GC/MS

(H9/L)

Acetochlor,

filtered

(W/L)

Alachlor,

dissolved

(H9/L)

Alpha

BHC

(ng/L)

Ametr

dissolve

(H9/L

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC09 Little Soldier Creek, 

126 Road near Hoyt 

Soldier Creek Basin 

SC03

6/26/97 9:50

SCO?

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC02 Little Soldier Creek, 

174 Road near 

Mayetta

LSC03 Little Soldier Creek, 

O Road near 

Mayetta

LSC04 Little Soldier Creek, 

134 Road near 

Mayetta

6/27/96

6/26/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

11/24/98

6/27/96

2/19/97

6/26/97

9:35

12:00

10:25

10:10

10:30

11:25

12:51

14:01

12:56

Blank samples

E 0.001 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 

Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

6/2/98

2/19/98

1 1/24/98

13:55 <.l

10:00 <.l

11:00 <.l

10:30 <.l

12:10 <.l

11:05 <.l

<.001 <.002 <.002 <.002 

Duplicate samples

.03 <.002 <.002 <.002 

1 .9 <.05 .05

2 -- - --

<0.05
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Ba

Reservation, June 1996 through November 1998 Continued

c

ta 

to

O

c

0)

Site no.

(fig- 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Atrazine, 

Triazine disscreen solved, Ace- Amet

using using tochlor, Alachlor, Alpha dis

ELISA GC/MS filtered dissolved BHC solv

(ng/L) (^g/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/

Duplicate samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC06 Big Elm Creek, 134 

Road near Hoyt

5/8/97 

2/19/98

11:15 

9:36

<0.1 0.035 0.0054 0.007 <0.002 -- 

<.l

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03

SC04

SC06

SCO?

Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

Soldier Creek, 158

Road near Saint

Clere

South Branch

Soldier Creek, H.5

Road near Saint

Clere

Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

11/12/97

6/26/96

6/26/96

11/13/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

7/2/97

8/13/97

2/19/98

8/11/98

15:21

12:26

13:50

13:51

15:21

14:40

12:25

12.26

11:05

10:50

12:01

10:20

14:46

15:56

.7

2

<.l .04 <.002 <.02 <.002 -- 

1

4

.6

< 1

<.l

<1

1 .594 <.002 .027 <.002 -- 

5

2

<.l

1
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pot

1o

£U

-\

O

c

SL

o

2.

(D 

TJ

s

5'

CD

0)

Q.

 D

ST

I

o

3.

(B

<D

D)

5'

Z

o

3.

(I)

(A

<?

3

^

D) 3' 

(A

(U

Jfl

e_

c

0

(O 

(0 

CD

H 

1

c 

(Q

Z

o

(0

3

CT

(D

(O

(O 

00

through November 1998 Continued

Site no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Bills Creek Basin

BC01 Bills Creek, U.S.

Highway 75 near

Holton

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSCO 1 Little Soldier Creek,

190 Road near

Mayetta

LSC02 Little Soldier Creek,

1 74 Road near

Mayetta

LSC03 Little Soldier Creek,

O Road near

Mayetta

LSC04 Little Soldier Creek,

1 34 Road near

Mayetta

Date of

sample

collection

(month/

day/year)

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/25/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

Time of Carbofu- Chlorpy- Cyana- p,p' DDE 

sample Carbaryl- ran, rifos, dis- zine, dis- DCPA, dis- Deeth

collection filtered filtered solved solved filtered solved atrazi

(24-hour) fcig/L) (ng/L) fog/L) (jig/L) (jig/L) (jig/L) fcg/L

Regular samples

13:45 .. .. 

13:00

11:40 -- -- - <0.05 -- -- <0.05 

16:30

9:30

11:55

14:35

15:30

10:20 <0.003 <0.003 <0.004 <.004 <0.002 <0.006 E.01

10:05 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002 <.006 E.02

10:25 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002 <.006 E.01

11:20

12:50 - -- - <.05 -- -- .1 

10:40

14:00

15:20 <.003 <.003 <.004 .008 <.002 <.006 E.01

12:55 . -- --

9:35 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002 <.006 E.00

10:55 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002 <.006 E.01
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Po

through November 1998 Continued

Site no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of Carbofu- Chlorpy- Cyanasample Carbaryl- ran, rifos, dis- zine, dis- DCPA, 

collection filtered filtered solved solved filtered 

(24-hour) (ng/L) (^g/L) (^g/L) (ng/L) (M^g/L)

Regular samples Continued

p,p' DDE 

dis- Deeth

solved atraz

(H9/L) (ug/

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC04

LSC05

LSC06

Little Soldier Creek,

134 Road near 

Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek

tributary, 134 Road 

near Hoyt

Big Elm Creek, 134 

Road near Hoyt

6/2/98

8/1 1/98 

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96 

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

9:55

10:20 

12:10

13:10

14:30

11:50 

9:45 <0.003 <0.003 <0.004 <0.004 <0.002

15:10 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002

11:10 <.003 <.003 <.004 .008 <.002

12:05

10:15

9:50 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002

9:35

9:05

11:45

11:00

..

<0.006 E0.0

<.006 E.0

<.006 E.0

--

..

<.006 E.0

..

..

..

LSC07 Little Elm Creek, Q 6/27/96 9:20 

Road near Hoyt 6/26/97 11:40
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pot

through November 1998 Continued

irface-Water QualM

o

Site no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of Carbofu- Chlorpy- Cyana- p,p' DDE 

sample Carbaryl- ran, rifos, dis- zine, dis- DCPA, dis- Deethy

collection filtered filtered solved solved filtered solved atrazin

(24-hour) (ng/L) (^g/L) (ng/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L

Regular samples Continued

~ Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued 31

to

XI

3

re"

00

D>

3

a

TJ 

0

ST 

S

D)

O

3

3)

reV)

re

D)

o'

z

o

a. 3"

reD> 

(A

re

3

0)

(A 

D>

C_

C

3

re

(0 

(D

o>

-H3-

5

c

ID3"

Z

O

re

3

CT

re

<o

(0 

00

LSC08 Big Elm Creek, P

Road near Hoyt

LSC09 Little Soldier Creek,

126 Road near Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin

SC01 Soldier Creek, 214

Road near Circleville

SC02 Soldier Creek tributary, G Road near

Circleville

SC03 Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

10:50 <0.003 <0.003 <0.004 <0.004 <0.002 <0.006 E0.02

9:20 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002 <.006 E.01

10:20 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002 <.006 E.05

9:50 <.003 E .0038 <.004 .0057 <.002 <.006 E.05

11:15 <.003 .<.003 <.004 .006 <.002 <.006 E.29 

16:45 <.003 E .0045 <.004 .006 <.002 <.006 E.03

13:30

15:15

14:30

13:25

11:20 - -- - ~ - - - 

11:30 <.003 <.003 <.004 .006 <.002 <.006 E.02

15:20

12:25

13:35 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002 <.006 E.00

12:45
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pot

through November 1998 Continued

Site no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of Carbofu- Chlorpy- Cyanasample Carbaryl- ran, rifos, dis- zine, discollection filtered filtered solved solved 

(24-hour) (ng/L) (ng/L) (1^9/L) (l^9/L)

Regular samples Continued

p,p' DDE 

DCPA, dis- Deeth

filtered solved atrazi

(ng/L) (pig/L) (^ig/L

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC03

SC04

SC05

SC06

SC07

Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

Soldier Creek, 158

Road near Saint

Clere

Crow Creek, 166

Road near Saint 

Clere

South Branch

Soldier Creek, H.5 

Road near Saint

Clere

Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

6/2/98

8/1 1/98

11/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

Him

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

12:35

14:00

13:55 <0.003 <0.003 <0.004 <0.004

15:20

11:30

15:30

13:40 -- .

14:35

10:25

13:45 <.003 <.003 <.004 .006

12:20

11:00

14:20 <.003 <.003 <.004 .0082

10:45

12:00 <.003 <.003 <.004 .0051

10:15 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004

11:25 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004

14:45

14:30 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004

..

..

<0.002 <0.006 E0.01

_

--

_

_

--

<.002 <.006 E.27 

..

..

<.002 <.006 E.02

..

<.002 <.006 E.02

<.002 <.006 E.02

<.002 <.006 E.0

..

<.002 <.006 E.0
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pot

through November 1998 Continued

ao 

o

35

fo

O

c

SL

o

Site no.

(fig- 2) Site name

Date of

sample

collection

(month/

day/year)

Time of Carbofu- Chlorpy- Cyana- p,p' DDE 

sample Carbaryl- ran, rifos, dis- zine, dis- DCPA, dis- Deethy

collection filtered filtered solved solved filtered solved atrazin

(24-hour) Gig/L) (ng/L) fog/L) (ng/L) Gig/L) fog/L) Gig/L

Regular samples Continued

 Soldier Creek Basin Continued

(D 

 D

3

CO

3

Q.

 D 

O

ST

I

0

3

DO

(D 

U)

(D

SC07

SC08

SC09

Soldier Creek, 1

Road near Delia

James Creek, 142

Road near Delia

James Creek, 126

Road near Delia

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

7/2/97

15:55 <0.003 <0.003 <0.004 <0.004 <0.002 <0.006 E0.03

15:45

10:50

13:25

12:00 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002 <.006 E.04

12:20

11:15 <.003 <.003 <.004 E .0038 <.002 <.006 E.01

< South Cedar Creek Basin

0)

5'

Z

o

3.

3" 

O 

0)

(D

3

7s

D)

CO

D)

C_

C

3

O

CO

CO

o

H3"

0

C

CQ3"

Z

O

O

3

CO

CO 

00

SCC01 South Cedar Creek,

U.S. Highway 75

near Mayetta

6/27/96

6/26/97

12:20

14:10

Blank samples

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC04

LSC09

Little Soldier Creek,

134 Road near

Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek,

1 26 Road near Hoy t

5/8/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

13:40

10:45 -- '

9:50 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002 <.006 <.00
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pot

through November 1998 Continued

Site no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03 Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

SCO? Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC02 Little Soldier Creek,

174 Road near 

Mayetta

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

6/2/98

2/19/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97 

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/1 1/98

Time of 

sample Carbarylcollection filtered 

(24-hour) (ng/L)

15:00

11:20

13:15

13:55

10:00

11:00 <0.003

10:30

12:10

10:30

11:05

9:35

12:00 

10:25 <.003

10:10

10:30

Carbofu- Chlorpy- Cyana- p,p' DDE 

ran, rifos, dis- zine, dis- DCPA, dis- Deeth

filtered solved solved filtered solved atrazi

(ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) Gig/L) (|ig/L) Gig/L

Blank samples Continued

..

..

--

..

<0.003 <0.004 <0.004 <0.002 <0.006 <0.00

--

..

..

Duplicate samples

..

<.003 <.004 <.004 <.002 <.006 E.0

..

..

LSC03 Little Soldier Creek, 

O Road near 

Mayetta

11/24/98 11:25
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pota

through November 1998 Continued

fi>

o

to

u

<D

O

c

2L

o

3

E?

(D

 o

3

00

D>

a

2.

TJ 

0

S

0)

0

3.

33

(D W 

(D

U

5'

z

0

3. 3- 

ffl B)

(0

<D

3

fi)

(A 

fi)

W

C_

C

(D

(O

(0

a>

H

3

c

(O3-

Z

O

(D

3

0

tO

to

03

Site no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of

sample

collection

(month/

day/year)

Time of Carbofu- Chlorpy- Cyana- p,p' DDE 

sample Carbaryl- ran, rifos, dis- zine, dis- DCPA, dis- Deethy

collection filtered filtered solved solved filtered solved atrazin

(24-hour) (ng/L) fcig/L) (^g/L) Gig/L) (pig/L) (u^L) OigTL

Duplicate samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC04

LSC06

Little Soldier Creek,

1 34 Road near

Mayetta

Big Elm Creek, 134

Road near Hoyt

6/27/96

2/19/97

6/26/97

5/8/97

2/19/98

12:51 - -- -- <0.05 -- -- 0.09 

14:01

12:56

11:15 <0.003 <0.003 <0.004 .0069 <0.002 <0.006 E.01

9:36

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03

SC04

SC06

SC07

Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

Soldier Creek, 158

Road near Saint

Clere

South Branch

Soldier Creek, H.5

Road near Saint

Clere

Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

11/12/97

6/26/96

6/26/96

11/13/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

7/2/97

8/13/97

2/19/98

8/11/98

15:21

12:26

13:50 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.002 E .0014 E.00

13:51

15:21

14:40

12:25

12:26

11:05

10:50 <.003 E.0035 <.004 <.004 E.0008 <.006 E.05

12:01

10:20

14:15

15:56
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pot

through November 1998 Continued

Date of 

sample 

collecSite tion 

no. (month/ 

(fig. 2) Site name day/year)

c

Oi

o

u

«

O

3

Bills Creek Basin

BC01 Bills Creek, U.S.

Highway 75

near Holton

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC01 Little Soldier

Creek, 190

Road near

Mayetta

LSC02 Little Soldier

Creek, 174

Road near

Mayetta

LSC03 Little Soldier

Creek, O Road

near Mayetta

LSC04 Little Soldier 

Creek, 134

Road near 

Mayetta

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/25/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96 

11/13/96

2/19/97 

5/8/97

6/26/97

11/12/97 

2/19/98

Lin- 

Time of 2,6-Di- Ethalflu- Ethop- Fono- dane, 

sample ethyl- Disulfo- EPTC, ralin, rop, fos, dis- dis- Linu

collection aniline ton filtered filtered filtered solved solved filte

(24-hour) (ng/L) (ng/L) (pig/L) (ng/L) (pig/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/

13:45

13:00

11:40

16:30

9:30

11:55

14:35

15:30

10:20

10:05

10:25

11:20

12:50 

10:40

14:00 

15:20

12:55

9:35 

10:55

Regular samples

_

_

..

_

_

_

<0.003 <0.017 <0.002 <0.004 <0.003 <0.003 <0.004 <0.

<.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.

<.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.

--

--

<.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.

--

<.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.

<.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pot

through November 1998 Continued

3. 

tu

o

tu

(0

O

c

1

o

3

Site

no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of

sample

collection

(month/

day/year)

Lin- 

Time of 2,6-Di- Ethalflu- Ethop- Fono- dane, 

sample ethyl- Disulfo- EPTC, ralin, rop, fos, dis- dis- Linu

collection aniline ton filtered filtered filtered solved solved filte

(24-hour) (ng/L) (jig/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (jig/L) (^g/L) (^g

Regular samples Continued

5 Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

CD

TJ

s

o'

01

!U

3

Q.

TO 

O

Ef

w

o

3

ID

0

CO 

ffi

tu

5'

J3

Z

o

3.

O01 -

</>

0

3

tu

(A 

&)

W

c_

c

3 

O

CD

ID

O>

H3- 

O

c

CO3"

Z

o

0

3

0

(0

CD 

00

LSC04 Little Soldier

Creek, 134

Road near

Mayetta

LSC05 Little Soldier

Creek tributary,

134 Road near

Hoyt

LSC06 Big Elm Creek,

134 Road near

Hoyt

LSC07 Little Elm

Creek, Q Road

near Hoyt

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

11/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

9:55

10:20

12:10

13:10

14:30

11:50

9:45 <0.003 <0.017 <0.002 <0.004 <0.003 <0.003 <0.004 <0.

15:10 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.

11:10 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.

12:05

10:15

9:50 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.

9:35

9:05

11:45

11:00

9:20

11:40
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pot

through November 1998 Continued

Date of 

sample 

collec- Time of 

Site tion sample 

no. (month/ collection 

(fig. 2) Site name day/year) (24-hour)

2,6-Diethylaniline

(ug/L)

Disulfoton

(ug/L)

EPTC, 

filtered

(ug/L)

Ethalfluralin, 

filtered 

(ug/L)

Ethoprop, 

filtered

(ug/L)

Fonofos, dissolved

(ug/L)

Lindane, 

dissolved

(ug/L)

Linu

filter

(ug

Regular samples Continued

Surface-Wal

(D

O

c

D)

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC08 Big Elm Creek, 6/27/96 10:50

P Road near 6/26/97 9:20

Hoyt

LSC09 Little Soldier 6/27/96 10:20

Creek, 126 6/26/97 9:50

Road near Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin

SC01 Soldier Creek, 6/26/96 11:15

214 Road near 6/25/97 16:45

Circleville

SC02 Soldier Creek 6/26/96 13:30

tributary, G 6/25/97 15:15

Road near

Circleville

SC03 Soldier Creek 6/26/96 14:30

near Saint Clere 1 1/13/96 13:25

2/19/97 11:20

5/8/97 11:30

6/25/97 15:20

8/13/97 12:25 

11/12/97 13:35 

2/19/98 12:45

<0.003

<.003

<.003

E.0009

<.003

<.003

..

_

..

--

--

<.003

..

<.003

<0.017

<:on

<.017

<.017

<.017

<.017

..

_

--

--

<.017

-.

<.017

<0.002

<.002

<.002

<.002

<.002

<.002

..

_

--

--

<.002

<.002

<0.004

<.004

<.004

<.004

<.004

<.004

..

_

..

-

<.004

..

<.004

<0.003

<.003

<.003

<.003

<.003

<.003

..

_

..

--

<.003

._

<.003

<0.003

<.003

<.003

<.003

<.003

<.003

..

_

_

--

--

<.003

.-

<.003

<0.004

<.004

<.004

<.004

<.004

<.004

_

_

--

--

<.004

.-

<.004

<0.0

<.0

<.0

<.

<.

<.

..

_

_

--

--

<.

.-

<.
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pota

through November 1998 Continued

irf ace- Water Quality

^^

o

3

Site 

no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Lin- 

Time of 2,6-Di- Ethalflu- Ethop- Fono- dane, 

sample ethyl- Disulfo- EPTC, ralin, rop, fos, dis- dis- Linur

collection aniline ton filtered filtered filtered solved solved filter

(24-hour) (ng/L) (jig/L) Gig/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) fog/l.) Gig/L) (ng/L

Regular samples Continued

5 Soldier Creek Basin Continued

to

TJ

"

03

Q.

2.

T3 

O

ST

0>

o

3

33

to

u

o'

p

Z

0

3. 3" 

to

</>

ffi

3

w

Q)

C_

C

to

to

o

H3- 

o

c

(O3"

Z

0

(0

3

cr

to

to

to

00

SC03 Soldier Creek

near Saint Clere

SC04 Soldier Creek,

158 Road near

Saint Clere

SC05 Crow Creek, 166

Road near Saint

Clere

SC06 South Branch

Soldier Creek,

H.5 Road near

Saint Clere

SC07 Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

7/2/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

12:35

14:00 -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- 

13:55 <0.003 <0.017 <0.002 <0.004 <0.003 <0.003 <0.004 <0.0

15:20

11:30

15:30 - - - - - - - -

13:40 - - - - - - !

14:35

10:25

13:45 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0

12:20

11:00

14:20 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0

10:45

12:00 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0

10:15 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0

11:25 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0

14:45

14:30 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pota

through November 1998 Continued

Date of 

sample 

codecSite tion 

no. (month/ 

(fig. 2) Site name day/year)

Lin- 

Timeof 2,6-Di- Ethalflu- Ethop- Fono- dane, 

sample ethyl- Disulfo- EPTC, ralin, rop, fos, dis- dis- Linur

collection aniline ton filtered filtered filtered solved solved filter

(24-hour) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/

Regular samples Continued

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

c

5T o

Q> 

ffl

Oc 

u

SC07 Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

SC08 James Creek,

142 Road near

Delia

SC09 James Creek,

126 Road near

Delia

South Cedar Creek Basin

SCC01 South Cedar

Creek, U.S.

Highway 75

near Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC04 Little Soldier

Creek, 134

Road near

Mayetta

LSC09 Little Soldier 

Creek, 126

Road near Hoyt

8/11/98

11/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

7/2/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

5/8/97

6/27/96 

6/26/97

15:55

15:45

10:50

13:25

12:00

12:20

11:15

12:20

14:10

13:40

10:45 

9:50

<0.003 <0.017 <0.002 <0.004 <0.003 <0.003 <0.004 <0.0

--

_

--

<.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0

_

<.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0

..

_

Blank samples

<.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pota

through November 1998 Continued

o

fi)

ffi

0

C

o

3

5

ffi 

T>

3

ffi"

00

a

of Potawa

0

3

3J

sservat

o'

0

?

D>

ffi

3

0)

0)

e_

c

3 

ffi

CO 

CO 

0)

H31

o

c

CO

y

z 

o

ffi 

tj

CO 

CO 

00

Site 

no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03 Soldier Creek

near Saint Clere

SC07 Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC02 Little Soldier

Creek, 174

Road near 

Mayetta

LSC03 Little Soldier

Creek, O Road 

near Mayetta

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/

day/year)

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

8/13/97 

11/12/97 

6/2/98

2/19/98

8/11/98 

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

2/19/98 

6/2/98 

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

Lin- 

Time of 2,6-Di- Ethalflu- Ethop- Fono- dane, 

sample ethyl- Disulfo- EPTC, ralin, rop, fos, dis- dis- Linuro

collection aniline ton filtered filtered filtered solved solved filtere

(24-hour) G-ig/L) (ng/L) fog/L) (ng/L) fog/L) Gig/L) fog/l.) (ng/

Blank samples Continued

15:00

11:20

13:15

13:55

10:00 

11:00 <0.003 <0.017 <0.002 <0.004 <0.004 <0.002 <0.006 <0.0

10:30

12:10

10:30 

11:05

Duplicate samples

9:35

12:00

10:25 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0

10:10 

10:30

11:25
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pota

through November 1998 Continued

Site 

no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Lin- 

Timeof 2,6-Di- Ethalflu- Ethop- Fono- dane, 

sample ethyl- Disulfo- EPTC, ralin, rop, fos, dis- dis- Linur

collection aniline ton filtered filtered filtered solved solved filter

(24-hour) (ng/L) (^g/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (i^g/

Duplicate samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC04 Little Soldier

Creek, 134

Road near

Mayetta

LSC06 Big Elm Creek,

1 34 Road near

Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03 Soldier Creek

near Saint Clere

SC04 Soldier Creek,

158 Road near

Saint Clere

SC06 South Branch

Soldier Creek,

H.5 Road near

Saint Clere

SC07 Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

6/27/96

2/19/97

6/26/97

5/8/97

2/19/98

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

11/12/97

6/26/96

6/26/96

11/13/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

7/2/97

8/13/97

2/19/98

8/11/98

12:51

14:01

12:56

11:15 <0.003 <0.017 <0.002 <0.004 <0.003 <0.003 <0.004 <0.0

9:36

15:21

12:26

13:50 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0

13:51

15:21

14:40 -- -- -- -- <.05 -- -- .4

12:25

12:26 - -- -- -- -- -

11:05

10:50 <.003 <.017 <.002 <.004 <.003 <.003 <.004 <.0

12:01

10:20

14:15

15:56
wc

01

0

1U

(0

o

c

SL

o

5

(D

 o

^

w

5' 

00

0)

Q.

 o

O

5f

0)6*

3.

3J

(D

(A 

O

Io'

z 

o

a.

(D 

D) 

(0

«T

3

7;

u

(A 

0)

W

c_

c

(D

CD

(O 

0>

H

1

c

<Q

IT

Z

O

0

3

0>

(O

(0 

00

through November 1998 Continued

Site

no.

(fig. 2) Station name

Bills Creek Basin

BC01 Bills Creek, U.S.

Highway 75 near

Holton

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC01 Little Soldier

Creek, 190 Road

near Mayetta

LSC02 Little Soldier

Creek, 174 Road

near Mayetta

LSC03 Little Soldier

Creek, O Road

near Mayetta

LSC04 Little Soldier

Creek, 134 Road

near Mayetta

Date of

sample

collection

(month/

day/year)

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/25/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

Time of

sample

collection

(24-

hour)

13:45

13:00

11:40

16:30

9:30

11:55

14:35

15:30

10:20

10:05

10:25

11:20

12:50

10:40

14:00

15:20

12:55

9:35

10:55

9:55

Metol- Penachlor, Metri- Napropa- Par- dimetha- 

dis- buzin, Molinate, mide, fil- athion, Pebulate, lin, 

solved dissolved filtered tered dissolved filtered filtered 

(ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) 

Regular samples

..

<0.05 <0.05 -- -- -- -- -- 

_

..

E.004 <.004 <0.004 <0.003 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 

.012 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 

.012 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 

.19 <.05 -- -- -- -- -- 

.019 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 

-

.019 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 

.005 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 
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metabolite Continu 8 

Pesticide and.November 199

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Surface-Water Quality 47
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pota

through November 1998 Continued

irface-WaterQualit]

"^ 

o

3

~

(D

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Q)

5'

03

D)

3

Q.

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&

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3.

DO 

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W

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0

a.

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0)

(A

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3

D)

0) 

0) 

jfl

c_

c

3

tO 

(O

0)

H

o

c

(O

z

o

(D

3

(D

(O

CD 

00

Site 

no. 

(fig. 2) Station name

Soldier Creek Basin

SC01 Soldier Creek, 214

Road near

Circleville

SC02 Soldier Creek tributary, G Road near

Circleville

SC03 Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

SC04 Soldier Creek, 158

Road near Saint

Clere

SC05 Crow Creek, 166

Road near Saint

Clere

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

11/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24- 

hour)

11:15

16:45

13:30

15:15

14:30

13:25

11:20

11:30

15:20

12:25

13:35

12:45

12:35

14:00

13:55

15:20

11:30

15:30

13:40

Metol- Penachlor, Metri- Napropa- Par- dimetha- 

dis- buzin, Molinate, mide, fil- athion, Pebulate, lin, 

solved dissolved filtered tered dissolved filtered filtered 

(ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) 

Regular samples Continued

1.4 0.005 0.001 <0.003 <0.004 <0.004 0.007 

.24 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 

-

-

_

-

.112 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 

--

_

.063 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 

_

-

.007 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 

_

..
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pot

through November 1998 Continued

Site 

no.

(fig- 2) Station name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24- 

hour)

Metolachlor, Metridis- buzin, 

solved dissolved

(ng/L) (ng/L)

Molinate, 

filtered

(ng/L)

Napropa- Parmide, fil- athion, Pebulate, 

tered dissolved filtered 

(l-ig/L) (ng/L) (^9/L)

Pendimetha

lin, 

filtered

Regular samples Continued

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC06

SC07

SC08

SC09

South Branch Soldier Creek, H.5 

Road near Saint

Clere

Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

James Creek, 142

Road near Delia

James Creek, 126

Road near Delia

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

112191

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

7/2/97

14:35

10:25

13:45

12:20

11:00

14:20

10:45

12:00

10:15

11:25

14:45

14:30

15:55

15:45

10:50

13:25

12:00

12:20

11:15

--

0.59 E0.003

.101 <.004

.126 <.004

.028 <.004

.099 <.004

..

.067 <.004

.041 <.004

-

_

-

.37 .019

..

.043 <.004

-

<0.004

-

--

<.004

-

<.004

<.004

<.004

-

<.004

<.004

-

_

--

<.004

<.004

-.

-

<0.003 <0.004 <0.004

..

..

<.003 <.004 <.004

..

<.003 <.004 <.004

<.003 <.004 <.004

<.003 <.004 <.004

..

<.003 <.004 <.004

<.003 <.004 <.004

--

_

--

<.003 <.004 <.004

<.003 <.004 <.004

--

-

0.006

--

-

<.004

-

<.004

<.004

<.004

-

<.004

<.004

-

_

--

<.004

-

<.004

South Cedar Creek Basin

SCC01 South Cedar Creek,

U.S. Highway 75

6/27/96

6/26/97

12:20

14:10 _-

--

-.

.. - 

near Mayetta
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pota

-Continued

(0

c

ao

0)

?

O

c

u.

0

3

(D

 o

i.

5'

CD

tl)

3

Q.

O

5T

5

tu

0

3.

(D

(A

I

0

p

z

o

a.

(D

D)

ST

3

0)

(A

0) 

JA

C_ 

C

3 

O

CO 

(O

O)

1c

<Q3"

O

3 o-

(D

^

(0

(O 

00

Site

no.

(fig. 2) Station name

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC04 Little Soldier

Creek, 134 Road

near Mayetta

LSC09 Little Soldier

Creek, 126 Road

near Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03 Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

SC07 Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC02 Little Soldier

Creek, 174 Road

near Mayetta

LSC03 Little Soldier

Creek, O Road

near Mayetta

Date of

sample

collection

(month/

day/year)

5/8/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

6/2/98

2/19/98

8/1 1/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

Time of

sample

collection

(24-

hour)

13:40

10:45

9:50

15:00

11:20

13:15

13:55

10:00

11:00

10:30

12:10

10:30

11:05

9:35

12:00

10:25

10:10

10:30

11:25

Metol- Penachlor, Metri- Napropa- Par- dimetha- 

dis- buzin, Molinate, mide, fil- athion, Pebulate, lin, 

solved dissolved filtered tered dissolved filtered filtered 

(ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) 

Blank samples

--

<0.002 <0.004 <0.004 <0.003 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 

-

_

-

_

<.002 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 

-.

--

-

Duplicate samples

--

-

E.003 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 

_

-

_
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pota

through November 1998 Continued

2-

o

0)

flf

O

c 

SL

-<

Site 

no. 

(fig. 2) Station name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24- 

hour)

Metol- Penachlor, Metri- Napropa- Par- dimetha

dis- buzin, Molinate, mide, fil- athion, Pebulate, lin, 

solved dissolved filtered tered dissolved filtered filtered 

(ng/L) (|ag/L) (ng/L) (^ig/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) 

Duplicate samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC04 Little Soldier

Creek, 134 Road

near Mayetta

LSC06 Big Elm Creek,

134 Road near

Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03 Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

SC04 Soldier Creek, 158

Road near Saint

Clere

SC06 South Branch

Soldier Creek, H.5

Road near Saint

Clere

SCO? Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

6/27/96

2/19/97

6/26/97

5/8/97

2/19/98

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

11/12/97

6/26/96

6/26/96

11/13/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

7/2/97

8/13/97

2/19/98

8/1 1/98

12:51

14:01

12:56

11:15

9:36

15:21

12:26

13:50

13:51

15:21

14:40

12:25

12:26

11:05

10:50

12:01

10:20

14:46

15:56

0.17 <0.05 -- -- -- -- - 

..

.018 <.004 <0.004 <0.003 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 

..

..

.064 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 <.004 

--

_

_

_

..

..

.183 <.004 <.004 <.003 <.004 <.004 E .0038 

..

--

--

..
w

Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Potaw

through November 1998 Continued

ace-Water Quality on the

TJ

3

-i

to

00

a

o^

T3

o

£f

tu8"

3

DO

0

(A

0

5'

p

z 

o

3.

3" 

O

0) 

(A

(D

3

OT

fU

JO

c_

c

3

ffi

(0

O)

H

1

c

(Q3-

0

(D

CT 

(D

(O

(O 

00

Site 

no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Bills Creek Basin

BC01 Bills Creek, U.S.

Highway 75 near

Holton

LSCO 1 Little Soldier Creek,

190 Road near

Mayetta

LSC02 Little Soldier Creek,

1 74 Road near

Mayetta

LSC03 Little Soldier Creek,

O Road near

Mayetta

LSC04 Little Soldier Creek,

134 Road near

Mayetta

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/ 

year)

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/25/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

11/24/98

6/27/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

Time 

of 

sample Promcollec- etryn, 

tion dis- 

(24- solved 

hour) (ng/L)

13:45

13:00

11:40 <0.05

16:30

9:30

11:55

14:35

15:30

10:20

10:05

10:25

11:20

12:50 <.05

10:40

14:00

15:20

12:55

9:35

10:55

9:55

ProProna- Propa- par- Propamide, chlor, Propa- gite, zine, 

fil- dis- nil, fil- fil- distered solved tered tered solved 

(ng/L) (^g/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L)

Regular samples

-

-.

<0.05

_

..

_

<0.003 <0.007 <0.004 <0.013

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013

_

<.05

..

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013 --

--

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013

Simazine, 

dissolved 

(H9/L)

--

..

<0.05

_

--

_

<.005

<.005

<.005

_

<.05

..

..

<.005

--

<.005

<.005

-.

Tebu- 

thiu- Terba- Terbu

ron, fil- cil, fil- fos, fil

tered tered tered 

(ng/L) (ug/L) (ugA.) 

..

..

_

..

..

_

<0.01 <0.007 <0.013 

<.01 <.007 <.013 

<.01 <.007 <.013 

_

_

..

<.01 <.007 <.013 

--

<.01 <.007 <.013 

<.01 <.007 <.013 
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pota

through November 1998 Continued

w

3.

O

c

D)

Site

no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of

sample

collection

(month/

day/

year)

Time

of

sample Promcollec- etryn,

tion dis-

(24- solved

hour) (ug/L)

Pronamide,

filtered

(ug/L)

Propachlor,

dissolved

(ug/L)

Propanil, filtered

(ug/L)

Propar- Propagite, zine,

fil- distered solved

(ug/L) (ug/L)

Sima- Tebu- 

zine, thiu- Terba- Terbu

dis- ron, fil- cil, fil- fos, fi

solved tered tered tered 

(ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L

Regular samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC04

LSC05

LSC06

LSC07

LSC08

Little Soldier Creek,

134 Road near

. Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek

tributary, 134 Road

near Hoyt

Big Elm Creek, 134

Road near Hoyt

Little Elm Creek, Q

Road near Hoyt

Big Elm Creek, P

Road near Hoyt

8/11/98

11/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

10:20

12:10

13:10

14:30

11:50

9:45

15:10

11:10

12:05

10:15

9:50

9:35

9:05

11:45

11:00

9:20

11:40

10:50

9:20

_

..

_.

<0.003

<.003

<.003

--

-

<.003

-

--

-

--

_

--

<.003

<.003

_

..

_

_

<0.007

<.007

<.007

--

--

<.007

--

--

--

-

_

--

<.007

<.007

_

_

_

<0.004

<.004

<.004

--

--

<.004

--

--

--

--

_

--

<.004

<.004

_

_

_

_

<0.013

<.013

<.013

..

<.013

..

-

--

__

--

<.013

<.013

_

_

_

..

<0.005 <0.01 <0.007 <0.01

<.005 <.01 <.007 <.01

<.005 E.0037 <.007 <.01

..

-

<.005 <.01 <.007 <.01

-

..

..

--

_

--

E.003 <.01 <.007 <.01

E.0036 <.01 <.007 <.01
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Potaw

through November 1998 Continued

3. 

u

o

0)

q

O

c

SL

o

3

n

TJ

3

«

CD

tu

3

Q.

0

5T

0

3.

3J

O

O

0)

5'

3

0

3

<D 

0)

!2.

T

3

D)

(A

D)

V)

C_

C 

3

(D

(O

(0 

O>

H

0

c

ID3-

Z

O

(D

3

cr

(0

(O

(O 

00

Site

no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Time

Date of of

sample samcollec- pie

tion collec-

(month/ tion

day/ (24-

year) hour)

Pro- 

Prom- Prona- Propa- par- Propa- Sima- Tebu- 

etryn, mide, chlor, Propa- gite, zine, zine, thiu- Terba- Terbu- 

dis- fil- dis- nil, fil- fil- dis- dis- ron, fil- cil, fil- fos, fil

solved tered solved tered tered solved solved tered tered tered 

(ng/L) (ug/L) (jag/L) (ng/L) (jig/L) (ug/L) (ng/L) (ug/L) (|ig/L) (ug/L) 

Regular samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC09 Little Soldier Creek,

126 Road near Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin

SC01 Soldier Creek, 214

Road near

Circleville

SC02 Soldier Creek tributary, G Road near

Circleville

SC03 Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

6/27/96 10:20

6/26/97 9:50

6/26/96 11:15

6/25/97 16:45

6/26/96 13:30

6/25/97 15:15

6/26/96 14:30

11/13/96 13:25

2/19/97 11:20

5/8/97 11:30

6/25/97 15:20

8/13/97 12:25

11/12/97 13:35

2/19/98 12:45

6/2/98 12:35

8/1 1/98 14:00

11/24/98 13:55

<0.003 <0.007 <0.004 <0.013 - E0.004 <0.01 <0.007 <0.013 

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013 -- .0069 <.01 <.007 <.013 

<.003 E.006 <.004 <.013 - .027 E.029 <.007 <.013 

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013 - .0074 <.01 <.007 <.013 

_

_

-

_

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013 - <.005 E.0069 <.007 <.013 

_

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013 - <.005 <.01 <.007 <.013 

..

-

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013 - <.005 <.01 <.007 <.013 
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Potaw

through November 1998 Continued

(O

c

Site 

no. 

(fig- 2) Site name

Date of

sample 

collection 

(month/ 

day/ 

year)

Time

of

sample Promcollec- etryn, 

tion dis- 

(24- solved 

hour) (ng/L)

Pronamide, 

filtered

(ng/L)

Propachlor, 

dissolved

(ug/L)

Propanil, filtered

(ug/L)

Propar- Propa- Sima- Tebu- 

gite, zine, zine, thiu- Terba- Terbu

fil- dis- dis- ron, fil- cil, fil- fos, fil

tered solved solved tered tered tered 

(ng/L) (ng/L) (ug/L) Gig/L) (ug/L) Gig/L) 

Regular samples Continued

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC04

SC05

SC06

SC07

SC08

Soldier Creek, 158

Road near Saint 

Clere

Crow Creek, 166

Road near Saint 

Clere

South Branch

Soldier Creek, H.5 

Road near Saint

Clere

Soldier Creek, I Road

near Delia

James Creek, 142

Road near Delia

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

aim

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

15:20

11:30

15:30

13:40

14:35

10:25

13:45

12:20

11:00

14:20

10:45

12:00

10:15

11:25

14:45

14:30

15:55

15:45

10:50

13:25

_

..

--

<0.003

--

--

<.003

<.003

<.003

<.003

--

<.003

<.003

--

_

..

..

--

<0.004

--

<.007

<.007

<.007

<.007

--

<.007

<.007

--

_

_

..

..

--

<0.004

<.004

<.004

<.004

<.004

--

<.004

<.004

--

_

..

_

..

..

<0.013 -- 0.022 E0.071 <0.007 <0.013

..

<.013 -- <.005 E.0063 <.007 <.013

..

<.013 -- .0053 <.01 <.007 <.013

<.013 -- <.005 <.01 <.007 <.013

<.013 -- <.005 <.01 <.007 <.013

-

<.013 -- .028 <.01 <.007 <.013

<.013 -- E.0044 <.01 <.007 <.013

--

-

_
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Potaw

through November 1998 Continued

w

o

s?ffl

0

c

0)

o

3 

5

Tl

3

5'

CD

3

a

 a

0

Ef

D)

o

3.

3)

(D

(D

Q)

6'

0

3. 3-

D>

ffi

3

0)

3

D)

jfl

C_

C 

3 

(D

tO

(0

a>

H

0

c

(Q3-

0

o

3

CT

ffi

^

(£>

(O 

09

Site

no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of

sample

collection

(month/

day/

year)

Time

of

sample Promcollec- etryn,

tion dis-

(24- solved

hour) (jag/L)

Pro- 

Prona- Propa- par- Propa- Sima- Tebu- 

mide, chlor, Propa- gite, zine, zine, thiu- Terba- Terbu- 

fil- dis- nil, fil- fil- dis- dis- ron, fil- cil, fil- fos, fil

tered solved tered tered solved solved tered tered tered 

(ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (ng/L) (jig/L) (^g/L) (ng/L) (jig/L) 

Regular samples Continued

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC09 James Creek, 126

Road near Delia

South Cedar Creek Basin

SCCO 1 South Cedar Creek,

U.S. Highway 75

near Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC04 Little Soldier Creek,

134 Road near

Mayetta

LSC09 Little Soldier Creek,

126 Road near Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03 Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

SC07 Soldier Creek, I Road

near Delia

6/26/96

6/25/97

7/2/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

5/8/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

6/2/98

2/19/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

12:00

12:20

11:15

12:20

14:10

13:40

10:45

9:50

15:00

11:20

13:15

13:55

10:00

11:00

10:30

12:10

10:30

11:05

<0.003 0.009 <0.004 <0.013 -- E 0.002 <0.01 <0.007 <0.013 

..

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013 -- E .0025 <.01 <.007 <.013 

..

Blank samples

..

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013 -- <.005 <.01 <.007 <.013 

-.

--

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013 -- <.005 <.01 <.007 <.013 

-

_
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Pota

through November 1998 Continued

Site

no.

(fig- 2)

Time 

Date of of

sample samcollec- pie

tion collec-

(month/ tion

day/ (24-

Site name year) hour)

Prometryn,

dissolved

(ug/L)

Prona- Propamide, chlor,

fil- distered solved

(ug/L) (ug/L)

Propanil, filtered

(ug/L)

Propa rgite,

filtered

(ug/L)

Propazine,

dissolved

(ug/L)

Simazine,

dissolved

(ug/L)

Tebuthiu- Terbaron, fil- cil, filtered tered

(ug/L) (ug/L)

Terbu

fos, fi

tered 

(ug/L

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC02 Little Soldier Creek, 6/27/96 9:35 

174 Road near 6/26/97 12:00 

Mayetta

Duplicate samples

LSC03 Little Soldier Creek, 

O Road near 

Mayetta

2/19/98 10:25

6/2/98 10:10

8/11/98 10:30

11/24/98 11:25

<0.003 <0.007 <0.004 <0.013 <0.005 <0.01 <0.007 <0.013 

LSC04 Little Soldier Creek, 

134 Road near 

Mayetta

6/27/96 

2/19/97 

6/26/97

12:51 

14:01 

12:56

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 

(/>

c

0)

o 

o

LSC06 Big Elm Creek, 134 

Road near Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03 Soldier Creek near 

Saint Clere

SC04 Soldier Creek, 158 

Road near Saint 

Clere

5/8/97 

2/19/98

11:15 

9:36

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013 <.005 E.0038 <.007 <.013 

6/25/97 15:21

8/13/97 12:26

11/12/97 13:50

11/12/97 13:51

6/26/96 15:21

<.003 <.007 <.004 <.013 <.005 <.007 <.013 
Table 5. Pesticide and metabolite concentrations in surface-water-quality samples collected from Prairie Band of Potaw

through November 1998 Continued

3.

£0

O

Q>

ST

O

c

2L

o

3

(V

TJ

3

5'

00

u

Q.

°

0

S

D) o"

3

3J

(D

CO 

(D

Io'

z 

o

3.

ft

u

(A

<D

3

0)

3

(A

D>

e_

c

3

O

CD

(0

O)

H

1

c

(O3-

0

i

(D

CD

CO 

00

Date of

sample

collection

Site (month/

no. day/

(fig. 2) Site name year)

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC06 South Branch 6/26/96

Soldier Creek, H.5

Road near Saint

Clere

SC07 Soldier Creek, I Road 11/13/96

near Delia 11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

7/2/97

8/13/97

2/19/98

8/11/98

Time

of

sam- . Pro- 

ple Prom- Prona- Propa- par- Propa- Sima- Tebu- 

collec- etryn, mide, chlor, Propa- gite, zine, zine, thiu- Terba- Terbu

tion dis- fil- dis- nil, fil- fil- dis- dis- ron, fil- cil, fil- fos, fil

(24- solved tered solved tered tered solved solved tered tered tered 

hour) (ng/L) (^ig/L) (ug/L) (^ig/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) 

Duplicate samples Continued

14:40

-

12:25

12:26 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - ~ - 

11:05

10:50 -- <0.003 <0.007 <0.004 <0.013 -- E0.0042 <0.01 <0.007 <0.013 

12:01

10:20

14:46

15:56
C 0)

o . £

o £

" O)

o> o

<c .£

10

1.0

0.10

0.01

= 111

-

-

r

: 0

Z

~

1 1 1

5 5 g

CJ CJ O

CD CO tO

-1 _l

1

0

O

1

CO

o

CO

1 1

O

O

O

O

1 1

^- in

0 0

O O

to to

1 1 1 1 (t) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

o

1 1 E

-

n Maximum Contaminant Level

O o (annual mean) E

O

1

to

0

O

CO 

_J

° 0

O

°

1 1 1 1 1 ? 1 1

r^oooj'-cMco^in 

oooooooo OOOCJUOOO

totococotocococo _J _1 _l

1

to 

o

CO

o

O

O

8

i i

r*" oo

0 0

O O

CO CO

o

0

|

O) 

0

o

CO

-

_

z

:

1

o 

CJ

O 

CO

Sampling site (fig. 2)

Figure 12. Distribution of atrazine concentrations determined by gas 

chromatography/mass spectrometry in surface-water samples, June 1996 through 

November 1998. Maximum Contaminant Level for atrazine from Kansas Department 

of Health and Environment (1994) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1994).

100

10

1.0

0.10

0.01

0.01

o

o

o o

OOO OOOOOQ/6

0.10 1.0

Atrazine concentration, in micrograms per liter

Figure 13. Triazine herbicide concentrations compared to atrazine concentrations in 

surface-water samples, June 1996 through November 1998.

concentration of 2.60 fig/L, which exceeds the 

2.0-|Llg/L MCL (U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, 1994). Thirty samples were analyzed for 

metolachlor using the GC/MS method, two samples 

contained concentrations less than minimum reporting 

levels of 0.002 and 0.050 )Lig/L. The median concentration was 0.046 ^ig/L, and the maximum was 

1.40 |ig/L. No detections of insecticides were 

observed in any of the samples.

Bacteria

Fecal coliform and fecal 

streptococcus bacteria are 

indigenous to the intestinal 

tract of warmblooded 

animals. The presence of 

high concentrations of these 

organisms in surface water 

indicates fecal contamination and also may indicate 

the presence of pathogenic 

organisms. Potential sources 

of these bacteria on the reservation include leachate 

from domestic septic systems and sewage lagoons, 

runoff and seepage from 

livestock areas, such as pastures and confined feedlots, 

and from wildlife 

populations.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

(1986) established a singlesample maximum allowable 

density of 576 col/100 mL 

(colonies per 100 milliliters) 

for Escherichia coli 

(E. coli), a member of the 

fecal coliform group of bacteria, for infrequently used 

full-contact recreation. 

Because of public-health 

concerns associated with 

fecal contamination, the 

Kansas Department of 

Health and Environment 

(1994) established a criterion for fecal coliform of 

2,000 col/100 mL for those

streams used for noncontact recreation. Noncontact 

recreation, during which ingestion of surface water is 

unlikely, includes, but is not limited to, wading, boating, fishing, trapping, and hunting.

Fecal coliform concentrations in 79 surface-water 

samples (table 6, fig. 14A) ranged from a nonideal 

count of 7 to 7,700 col/100 mL, with a median concentration of 290 col/100 mL. Quarterly sampled sites 

included samples collected during periods of lower 

flows with little or no runoff. Consequently, the

10 100

. Surface-Water Quality 59
Table 6. Bacteria, suspended-solid, and oil-and-grease concentrations in surface-waterquality samples collected from Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through 

November 1998

[col/100 mL, colonies per 100 milliliters; mg/L, milligrams per liter; >, greater than indicated value; <, less than indicated value; 

K, nonideal count; --, not determined]

Bacteria

Site no.

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/day/ 

year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Fecal 

coliform 

(col/ 

100mL)

Fecal 

streptococcus 

(col/ 

100 mL)

Suspended 

solids, 

residue 

(mg/L)

Oil and 

grease 

(mg/L)

Regular samples

Bills Creek Basin

BC01 Bills Creek, U.S.

Highway 75 near

Holton

6/27/96

6/26/97

13:45

13:00

>2,000

3,300

240

940

58

34

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC01

LSC02

LSC03

LSC04

LSC05

Little Soldier

Creek, 190 Road

near Mayetta

Little Soldier

Creek, 174 Road

near Mayetta

Little Soldier

Creek, O Road

near Mayetta

Little Soldier

Creek, 134 Road

near Mayetta

Little Soldier Creek

tributary, 134 Road

near Hoyt

6/27/96

6/25/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

11:40

16:30

9:30

11:55

14:35

15:30

10:20

10:05

10:25

11:20

12:50

10:40

14:00

15:20

12:55

9:35

10:55

9:55

10:20

12:10

13:10

14:30

370

K73

470

470

470

560

330

K270

K 4,100

96

730

32

K7

77

270

730

140

210

2,700

62

>2,000

290

33

88

740

660

410

560

250

K380

8,500

260

K410

210

58

96

840

580

180

400

4,400

330

340

960

12

11

7

15

15

6

5

25

23

5

7

-_

4

<1

7

2

7

12

12

5

5

9

_

..

_

_

_

--

--

--

_

--

--

--

--

--

--

_

-_

60 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
Table 6. Bacteria, suspended-solid, and oil-and-grease concentrations in surface-waterquality samples collected from Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through 

November 1998 Continued

Bacteria

Site no. 

(fig- 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/day/ 

year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Fecal 

coliform 

(col/ 

100mL)

Fecal 

streptococcus 

(col/ 

100mL)

Suspended 

solids, 

residue 

(mg/L)

Oil and 

grease 

(mg/L)

Regular samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC06

LSC07

LSC08

LSC09

Big Elm Creek, 134

Road near Hoyt

Little Elm Creek, Q

Road near Hoyt

Big Elm Creek, P

Road near Hoyt

Little Soldier

Creek, 126 Road

near Hoyt

6/27/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/26/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

11:50

9:45

15:10

11:10

12:05

10:15

9:50

9:35

9:05

11:45

11:00

9:20

11:40

10:50

9:20

10:20

9:50

870

120

26

210

7,700

540

31

88

1,200

1,600

260

K680

290

420

730

590

670

920

660

250

360

1,400

1,600

260

160

1,600

2,000

170

120

410

1,100

1,200

960

1,100

1

-

32

<1

20

5

2

9

3

7

2

18

29

3

<l

24

45

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_.

--

_.

-

..

_

Soldier Creek Basin

SC01

SC02

SC03

Soldier Creek, 214

Road near

Circleville

Soldier Creek tributary, G Road near

Circleville

Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

11:15

16:45

13:30

15:15

14:30

13:25

11:20

870

430

700

100

180

72

37

260

300

560

720

34

700

88

28

29

2

6

16

--

22

' 

<1

_

__

..

--

-.

Surface-Water Quality 61
Table 6. Bacteria, suspended-solid, and oil-and-grease concentrations in surface-waterquality samples collected from Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through 

November 1998 Continued

Bacteria

Site no 

(fig- 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/day/ 

year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Fecal 

coliform 

(col/ 

100ml_)

Fecal Suspenstrepto- ded 

coccus solids, Oil and 

(col/ residue grease 

100mL) (mg/L) (mg/L)

Regular samples Continued

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC03

SC04

SC05

SC06

SC07

SC08

Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

Soldier Creek, 158

Road near Saint 

Clere

Crow Creek, 166

Road near Saint 

Clere

South Branch

Soldier Creek, H.5 

Road near Saint

Clere

Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

James Creek, 142

Road near Delia

5/8/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/26/96

11/13/96

2/19/97

5/8/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

2/19/98

6/2/98

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

6/26/96

6/25/97

11:30

15:20

12:25

13:35

12:45

12:35

14:00

13:55

15:20

11:30

15:30

13:40

14:35

10:25

13:45

12:20

11:00

14:20

10:45

10:15

11:25

14:45

14:30

15:55

15:45

10:50

13:25

35

K330

520

20

22

200

180

K41

290

430

310

310

170

1,600

310

130

23

25

420

140

37

26

67

260

100

1,200

1,500

50

260

2,000

92

31

160

310

390

81

380

270

310

430

1,800

140

4,600

140

30

220

900

140

130

61

87

290

2,500

2,700

14

11 <1

10

4

6

64

22

33

30

66 <1

5

18

4

8

45

--

38

13

53 <1

33

8

10

35

26

78

64

18

62 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
Table 6. Bacteria, suspended-solid, and oil-and-grease concentrations in surface-waterquality samples collected from Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through 

November 1998 Continued

Bacteria

Site no. 

(fig. 2) Site name

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/day/ 

year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Fecal 

coliform 

(col/ 

100 mL)

Fecal 

streptococcus 

(col/ 

100mL)

Suspended 

solids, 

residue 

(mg/L)

Oil and 

grease 

(mg/L)

Regular samples Continued

Soldier Creek Basin Continued

SC09 James Creek, 126

Road near Delia

South Cedar Creek Basin

SCC01 South Cedar Creek,

U.S. Highway 75 

near Mayetta

6/26/96

6/25/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

12:00

12:20

12:20

14:10

400

290

K700

1,500

2,800

2,600

940

3,800

3

2

38

3

--

--

Blank samples

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC04 Little Soldier

Creek, 134 Road

near Mayetta

LSC09 Little Soldier Creek

126 Road near

Hoyt

Soldier Creek Basin

SC03 Soldier Creek near

Saint Clere

SC07 Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

5/8/97

6/27/96

6/26/97

6/26/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

11/12/97

6/2/98

2/19/98

8/11/98

11/24/98

13:40

10:45

9:50

15:00

13:15

13:55

10:00

11:00

10:30

12:10

10:30

11:05

--

..

-_

--

-

--

-

--

--

..

--

--

--

-

--

<1

1

<1

<1

<1

1

<1

<1

2

<!

<1

<1

..

-

--

--

--

--

Duplicate samples

Little Soldier Creek Basin

LSC02 Little Soldier

Creek, 174 Road 

near Mayetta

LSC03 Little Soldier

Creek, O Road 

near Mayetta

6/27/96

6/26/97

2/19/98

6/2/98 

8/11/98

1 1/24/98

9:35

12:00

10:25

10:10 

10:30

11:25

770

470

270

340 

K 4,100

74

900

520

94

480 

4,200

250

17

13

5

30 

18

6

--

..

Surface-Water Quality 63
Table 6. Bacteria, suspended-solid, and oil-and-grease concentrations in surface-waterquality samples collected from Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, June 1996 through 

November 1998 Continued

Bacteria

Site no.

(fig- 2)

Date of 

sample 

collection 

(month/day/ 

Site name year)

Time of 

sample 

collection 

(24-hour)

Fecal 

coliform 

(col/ 

100mL)

Fecal 

streptococcus 

(col/ 

100mL)

Suspended 

solids, 

residue 

(mg/L)

Oil and 

grease 

(mg/L)

Duplicate samples Continued

Little Soldier Creek Basin Continued

LSC06 Big Elm Creek, 134 5/8/97 11:15

Road near Hoyt 

Soldier Creek Basin 

SC03 Soldier Creek near 11/12/97 13:50

Saint Clere

190 380

SC06 South Branch

Soldier Creek, H.5 

Road near Saint 

Clere

6/26/96 14:40 220 560

SC07 Soldier Creek, I

Road near Delia

11/13/96

2/19/97

6/25/97

8/13/97

12:25

11:05

10:50

10:20

130

22

330

97

3,600

110

160

840

36

53 <1

29

median fecal coliform concentrations in samples from 

sites sampled quarterly (sampling sites LSC03, 

LSC04, LSC06, SC03, and SC07) were lower than in 

samples collected only during June 1996 and 1997. 

Six samples, two from Bills Creek (sampling site 

BC01) and one each from four Little Soldier Creek 

sites (sampling sites LSC03, LSC04, LSC05, and 

LSC06), exceeded the Kansas Department of Health 

and Environment (1994) criterion of 2,000 col/100 mL 

for noncontact recreation, indicating possible contamination from waste systems, agricultural sources, or 

wildlife populations. Fecal streptococcus concentrations (table 6, fig. 15) ranged from 30 to 8,500 col/ 

100 mL, with a median concentration of 380 col/ 

100 mL. The highest fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus concentrations generally occurred during the 

summer months throughout the reservation (table 6).

Suspended Solids

In a study of erosion and sediment yield, the U.S. 

Soil Conservation Service (1992) evaluated sources of

suspended solids in the Delaware River Basin, which 

is adjacent to the reservation (fig. 1). At the time of the 

study, the Delaware River Basin was 57 percent cropland, 37 percent of which was unprotected (tilled with 

no cover vegetation). Sheet and rill erosion accounted 

for 42 percent of the total sediment yield on cultivated 

cropland, and gullying accounted for 47 percent of 

total sediment yield. Erosion of cultivated cropland 

accounted for 47 percent of total sediment yield in the 

Delaware River Basin (U.S. Soil Conservation 

Service, 1992).

Suspended-solid concentrations in surface-waterquality samples (table 6, fig. 16) ranged from less than 

the minimum reporting level of 1 to 78 mg/L, with a 

median concentration of 18.5 mg/L. A direct relationship between suspended-solid concentration and 

streamflow is not apparent. Suspended-solid concentrations were somewhat higher in samples from Soldier Creek (sampling sites SC03 and SC07) possibly 

because it drains more cropland than does Little Soldier Creek or tributary streams, and the streambanks 

along Soldier Creek may be more susceptible to

64 Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
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SC07A Surface-water sampling site and 

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(_) Surface-water sampling site 

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Fecal coliform concentration, in 

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Figure 14. Distribution of fecal coliform bacteria concentrations in surface-water samples, June 1996 through 

November 1998. Full-contact criterion from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1994) and noncontact criterion 

from Kansas Department of Health and Environment (1994). Concentrations reported as greater than 2,000 

colonies per 100 milliliters of water are plotted at 2,000 colonies per 100 mililiters of water.

Surface-Water Quality 65
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erosion. Concentrations of suspended solids may come from 

agricultural runoff as well as 

streambank erosion, especially 

along Soldier Creek.

SUMMARY

Water-quality samples 

were collected from 20 surface-water sites across the Prairie Band of Potawatomi 

Reservation in northeastern 

Kansas. Samples were collected twice at all 20 sites during June 1996 and June 1997 

after herbicide application in 

the spring to evaluate the overall surface-water quality on the 

reservation. Quarterly samples 

were collected at five 

sampling sites from June 1996 

through November 1998 to 

evaluate annual fluctuations in 

water quality. Sampling sites 

were selected to represent areal 

distribution across the reservation, surface water flowing into 

and out of the reservation, and 

surface water downgradient 

from potential sources of contamination. Water-quality constituents of primary interest 

included physical properties, 

nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, herbicides, fecal bacteria, and suspended solids. 

Quarterly samples were collected throughout most of 

the range of streamflow and were considered representative of flows that occur 65 percent of the time.

The median nitrite plus nitrate concentration was 

0.183 mg/L (milligram per liter) for 79 samples, and 

the maximum concentration was 1.46 mg/L as nitrogen, which is substantially less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant 

Level for drinking water of 10 mg/L as nitrogen. 

Ammonia concentrations ranged from less than 

0.015 to 0.106 mg/L, with a median concentration less 

than the minimum reporting level of 0.02 mg/L. The 

median concentration for total phosphorus was 

0.048 mg/L for 79 samples, five of which, from four

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Figure 15. Distribution of fecal streptococcus bacteria concentrations in surface-water 

samples, June 1996 through November 1998.

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Figure 16. Distribution of suspended-solid concentrations in surface-water samples, 

June 1996 through November 1998.

sites sampled quarterly, exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's recommended criterion of 

0.100 mg/L for aquatic life, and may reflect possible 

nonpoint-source contamination from agricultural 

activities or septic systems.

Of 82 samples analyzed for triazine herbicides, 

primarily atrazine, 29 contained triazine concentrations less than the minimum reporting level of 

0.1 |ig/L (microgram per liter). Triazine concentrations in four samples collected on June 26, 1996, 

exceeded 3.0 |ig/L. Triazine herbicide concentrations 

in the quarterly samples tended to be highest during 

late spring runoff after herbicide application. The U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency Maximum 

Contaminant Level of 3.0 \JigfL refers to an annual

66 Surf ace-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998
mean concentration, not a one-time sample concentration; consequently, triazine herbicide concentrations 

detected in surface-water samples from the reservation 

during this study met the drinking-water criterion. 

However, triazine concentrations are likely to be highest during late spring.

Fecal coliform bacteria in 79 samples had a 

median concentration of 290 colonies per 100 milliliters of water. In six samples, two from Bills Creek and 

one each from four Little Soldier Creek sites, fecal 

coliform bacteria concentrations exceeded the Kansas 

Department of Health and Environment's criterion for 

noncontact recreation (2,000 colonies per 

100 milliliters of water), indicating possible 

contamination from waste systems, agricultural 

sources, or wildlife populations.

Suspended-solid concentrations tended to be 

somewhat higher in samples from Soldier Creek than 

in samples from Little Soldier Creek and from tributary streams, possibly because Soldier Creek drains 

more cropland than does Little Soldier Creek, and the 

streambanks along Soldier Creek may be more susceptible to erosion. Concentrations of suspended solids 

may come from agricultural runoff as well as streambank erosion, especially along Soldier Creek.

REFERENCES

Christensen, V.G., and Pope, L.M., 1997, Occurrence of dissolved solids, nutrients, atrazine, and fecal coliform 

bacteria during low flow in the Cheney Reservoir 

watershed, south-central Kansas, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 

97-4153, 13 p.

Dreeszen, V.H., and Burchett, R.R., 1971, Buried valleys in 

the lower part of the Missouri River Basin, in Pleistocene stratigraphy of the Missouri River Valley along 

the Kansas-Missouri border, Guidebook, 20th Annual 

Meeting of the Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene: 

Kansas Geological Survey Special Distribution Publication 53, p. 21-25.

Fallon, J.D., 1994, Determining the three dimensional distribution, transport, and relative age of atrazine and 

selected metabolites in Perry Lake, Kansas: Lawrence, 

University of Kansas master's thesis, 191 p.

Fenneman, N.M., 1938, Physiography of the Eastern United 

States: New York, McGraw-Hill, Inc., p. 588-605.

Fenneman, N.M., and Johnson, D.G., 1946, Physical divisions of the United States [map]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1 sheet, scale 1:7,000,000.

Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical 

characteristics of natural water (3d ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p.

Horowitz, A.J., Demas, C.R., Fitzgerald, K.K., Miller, T.L., 

and Rickert, D.A., 1994, U.S. Geological Survey protocol for the collection and processing of surface-water

samples for the subsequent determination of inorganic 

constituents in filtered water: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 94-539, 57 p.

Kansas Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, 1997, Kansas farm facts: Topeka Kansas, 

118 p.

Kansas Department of Health and Environment, 1994, Kansas register: Topeka, Kansas, Secretary of State, v. 13, 

no. 28. p. 1050-1062.

Kansas State Board of Agriculture and U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, 1985, Kansas farm facts: Topeka, Kansas, 

103 p.

Pope, L.M., 1995, Surface-water-quality assessment of the 

lower Kansas River Basin, Kansas and Nebraska dissolved oxygen and Escherichia coli bacteria in streams 

during low flow, July 1988 through July 1989: U.S. 

Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 94^077, 102 p.

Pope, L.M., Brewer, L.D., Foley, G.A., and Morgan, S.C., 

1997, Concentrations and transport of atrazine in surface water of the Delaware River-Perry Lake system, 

northeast Kansas, July 1992 through September 1995: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2489, 

43 p.

Reid, G.K., and Wood, R.D., 1976, Ecology of inland

waters and estuaries: New York, D. Van Nostrand Co., 

p. 235 and 293.

Schoewe, W.H., 1949, The geography of Kansas: Transactions of Kansas Academy of Science, v. 52, no. 3, 

p. 261-333.

Stamer, J.K., and Zelt, R.B., 1994, Organo-nitrogen herbicides in the lower Kansas River Basin: Journal of 

American Water Works Association, January 1994, 

p. 93-104.

Thurman, E.M., Meyer, Michael, Pomes, Michael, Perry, 

C.A., and Schwab, A.P., 1990, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of 

triazine herbicides in water: Analytical Chemistry, 

v. 62, p. 2043-2048.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Quality criteria for water, 1986: U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency Report 440/5-86-001, unnumbered pages.

 1994, Drinking water regulations and health advisories: Washington, D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, unnumbered pages.

U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1992, Northeast Kansas 

erosion and sediment yield report: Washington, D.C., 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, 60 p.

Wilde, P.O., Radtke, D.B., Gibs, Jacob, and Iwatsubo, R.T., 

eds., 1998, National field manual for the collection of 

water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, 

chap. A7, 49 p.

Ziegler, A.C., and Combs, L.J., 1997, Baseline data and 

quality-control protocols and procedures for the Equus 

Beds Ground-Water Recharge Demonstration Project 

near Wichita, Kansas, 1995-96: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-235, 57 p.

References 67

&U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1999-556-342
I

Thomas J. Trombley Surface-Water Quality on the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Reservation, 

Northeastern Kansas, June 1996 Through November 1998 USGS/WRIR 99-4266

s