A REPORT TO CONGRESS ON THE $75 MILLION FY09

FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY: TARGETED AGRICULTURE FUNDS 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Omnibus Appropriations Act of 2009, signed by President Obama on March 11, 2009, 

provided $75 million in agriculture funds targeted to food security. These funds provide 

essential continuity to programs begun in 2008 and allow new investments to build a foundation 

for the launch in 2010 of a broader long-term strategy to sustainably reduce hunger and 

malnutrition. 

A larger food security strategy is currently being developed under the leadership of the 

Department of State. This will be global in scope and will incorporate significant input from 

USAID. 

USAID’s current food security effort continues high priority investments in Africa launched last 

year. These focused on investments that have the greatest potential to increase agricultural 

productivity rapidly and reach the most vulnerable people. The funds will also build a base for 

targeted activities in Asia where the largest number of food insecure people live. Latin America, 

which will also be part of the strategy, has received priority for funding within the overall 

agriculture budget and thus is not reported here. 

The new funding is critical to keep momentum, focus and delivery of results in the two regions 

where USAID food security activities were concentrated last fall -- West Africa and East Africa. 

In West Africa, the focus is on raising productivity and trade to substantially increase the 

availability of staple foods and the incomes of farmers and other food insecure rural households. 

Successful programs will be replicated, such as the warehouse receipts project begun in Ghana, 

and new programs will fill gaps such as expanded rural financial services and delivering more 

economical agricultural inputs, such as seeds, irrigation and fertilizer technology. The continued 

focus in East Africa is on increasing smallholder and pastoralist participation in food markets, 

using local and regional procurement of food as a catalyst for developing markets for small-scale 

producers critical to rural economic growth. Intra-regional trade support will improve access to 

food while expanding economic growth opportunities for mostly rural populations. 

Looking forward to the new, more comprehensive strategy to food security, we will expand 

efforts to address under-nutrition, a silent dimension of hunger. This includes the role of foodbased approaches to nutrition to help the rural poor, especially women and children, often the 
most tragically vulnerable in areas facing food insecurity. New program interventions will 

scale up efforts to improve utilization of food to alleviate hunger. 

The strategy will devote resources to the value chain approach in key agricultural sectors. It 

emphasizes expanding business contracts and access to information necessary to spark the 

market participation necessary to create functioning economies and the role of sustainable 

agricultural resource management and commits resources toward demonstrating the efficient use 

of water, biotechnology and environmentally sound production technologies. 

INTRODUCTION

The food price crisis of 2008 brought considerable hardship to the world’s poorest and pushed 

millions more people further into destitution. The crisis and its resultant civil unrest served as a 

wake up call to policy makers, the development community and developing country 

governments about the depth of the problem we face with the interwoven challenges of severe 

poverty and hunger. While global commodity prices have declined in recent months, they 

remain high in some developing countries, and even where prices have come down, an erosion of 

purchasing power is translating into the erosion of the poor’s ability to access food. The result is 

seen in increasing global hunger, with a record estimate of 1.02 billion hungry people—more 

than 1 out of every 7 people-- announced by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 

in June, 2009. While global food prices may have stabilized for now, entrenched poverty leaves a 

billion people vulnerable to food insecurity. 

The new Administration has made clear that agriculture and food security will receive priority 

attention in foreign assistance. Within the 2010 budget presented to Congress, the President 

requested a doubling of the budget for agricultural development, a total of more than $1 billion. 

He also has asked the Secretary of State to develop a whole-of-government approach to 

improving global food security and reducing global hunger. The approach will build upon the 

Agency’s experiences with the Initiative to End Hunger in Africa and on the response to the food 

crisis last year, enabled by Congress’ provision of FY 08 and FY 09 supplemental funding in the 

last quarter of FY 08. By aligning the appropriation of $75 million provided for global food 

security in the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009, with the programs initiated under the 

supplemental funding, the USG will continue to provide short term relief to vulnerable 

populations and support the longer-term commitment to cut poverty and hunger in the 

developing world. 

BUILDING A FOUNDATION FOR A NEW FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY

In the fall of 2008, Congress provided $200 million in supplemental development assistance 

(DA) funds to alleviate hunger as part of a near-term response to the food price crisis. As noted 

in the 45-day report to Congress, delivered in October 2008, this response supported urgent 

actions to increase agricultural productivity; alleviate transportation, distribution, and supplychain bottlenecks; and promote sound market-based principles for agricultural sector 

development and regional trade. In order to maximize impact, $130 million of the 2008 funds 

were concentrated in five countries and regionally in West Africa1

. This region was selected 

 

1

 The five countries receiving funds to enhance staple crop production and trade in West Africa were Ghana, 

Liberia, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. 

2 
because of its considerable need and potential for rapid expansion of production and trade of 

staple crops throughout the region. In addition, $50 million of the supplemental funding for food 

security was used for local and regional procurement activities in East Africa2

, greatly expanding 

the capability and flexibility of our humanitarian response while enhancing market processes and 

mechanisms. 

The remainder of 2008 funds, $20 million, was used to support high priority technology 

development and deployment through the Consultative Group on International Agricultural 

Research (CGIAR) and harnessing the tools of biotechnology. 

These rapidly scaled-up programs aim to provide a near-term boost to agricultural productivity. 

They are targeted in terms of both geography and strategy to achieve significant impact on food 

availability within two years. At the same time, they provided a foundation for Agency planning 

for a more comprehensive, global response to address the longer-term causes of food security. 

The 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act provided not less than $375 million in Development 

Assistance for agriculture. While the 2009 budget request was developed prior to the food crisis 

of last year, the Agency has re-examined the allocations to ensure that the momentum built in 

West and East Africa last year continues. Within the $375 million, Congress directed that $75 

million be made available to enhance food security. While many interventions supported under 

the Agency’s broader agricultural development portfolio enhance people’s access to and the 

availability of food, the $75 million will be specifically targeted to investments that provide the 

foundations for a longer-term, global strategy on food security to begin in 2010. The remainder 

of this report describes those foundations, and provides a detailed program accounting for the 

$75 million. 

USAID 2009 OMNIBUS FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMMING

USAID’s food security programming efforts fall into four categories: 1) Agricultural 

Productivity, Markets and Trade; 2) Local and Regional Procurement; 3) Improving Maternal 

and Child Nutrition through Agricultural and Targeted Approaches; and 4) Analysis, Research 

and Development for Increased Impact. 

 

2

 The countries targeted for local and regional procurement activities in East Africa were Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya 

and Rwanda. 

3 
Agricultural Productivity, Markets and Trade 

Increasing the production, marketing and regional trade of food staples is critical to addressing 

the structural imbalances of supply and demand for food, reducing food prices, and increasing 

incomes of the rural poor. Since there is greater smallholder participation in staple crop 

production, development of these value chains can also stimulate a greater multiplier effect in 

reducing poverty in rural communities. In 2008, USAID’s response to the food crisis was 

concentrated in five countries of West Africa (Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal) and the 

West African regional mission. As outlined in the 45-day Report to Congress, these efforts 

aimed at 1) increasing agricultural production and productivity; 2) improving regional trade in 

food staples; and 3) promoting sound market-based principles. In 2009, USAID will direct 

$26,938,000 of the FY09 food security funds to sustain these efforts in West Africa. 

USAID programming in West Africa to increase agricultural production and productivity of 

staple food crops (including maize, rice, cassava, sorghum, millet, livestock and poultry) will 

focus on modernizing the systems that provide the basic agricultural inputs such as seed, 

fertilizer and technology, ensuring more land and water resources are put under sustainable 

management practices, and enhancing the private sector’s capacity and incentives to deliver 

these services. Efforts will include supporting public/private partnerships to expand seed 

multiplication, the growth of local agricultural input suppliers and the expansion of rural 

financial service provision. For example, in Niger, private sector input supply capacity will be 

strengthened: six seed businesses and producer organizations as well as agro-dealers will operate 

more efficiently with increased capacity, and provide greater market coverage. Maps and 

databases of agro-dealers and producers will greatly facilitate the development of the seed sector. 

In Senegal, farmers and agro-processors will benefit through the adoption of new technologies 

and management practices. 

Activities to improve the efficiency of existing irrigation, and expand the availability of smallscale irrigation technologies to new areas, will increase productivity while reducing weatherrelated risk. In Burkina Faso and Niger, a partnership with the West Africa Regional Mission and 

the International Water Management Institute will result in significantly reduced costs of 

irrigation development, rehabilitation and operation with direct benefits for farmers. USAID 

programming will promote best practices in post-harvest handling and value-adding activities 

such as grading, agro-processing and packaging in order to reduce losses and increase the 

competitiveness and profitability of small holders. In Ghana, for example, post-harvest 

technologies for grain such as the use of drying floors and new shelling processes will be 

extended to landholders with fewer than five hectares. 

A deepening of both domestic and regional staple food markets is key to stimulating agricultural 

production growth, broad-based income expansion and poverty reduction. Yet poor roads, 

tariffs, trade restrictions and cumbersome customs procedures, lack of harmonized grades and 

standards, and inadequate marketing infrastructure all work to constrain regional trade. The 

West Africa regional program will focus on increasing the volume and value of intra-regional 

agricultural exports by 7 percent by decreasing the incidence of physical and policy-related 

barriers to trade. The focus will be on maize, vegetables, and livestock. The capacity of major 

producer/trade groups and enterprises will be strengthened and business contracts facilitated. In 

Senegal, USAID will improve agricultural finance through a new Development Credit Authority 

(DCA) guarantee that will extend up to $20 million in loans over five years (leveraging USG 

resources by a ratio of 17:1) to meet working capital and capital investment needs of small and 

4 
medium agricultural enterprises. Domestic and regional markets for staple crops will also be 

enhanced by activities to strengthen market infrastructure, including market information systems, 

commodity exchanges, and alternative finance, such as warehouse receipts systems. For 

example, the successful warehouse receipts pilot project initiated in Ghana will be expanded to 

additional West African countries. And, in Niger, communications technology-enabled market 

price information systems will be extended and adapted. 

A business environment based on sound market principles that encourages private investment 

and provides appropriate public investments is critical to increasing agricultural productivity and 

expanding opportunities for broad participation of the rural poor in agricultural development. 

USAID will support national and regional efforts to remove distortions and barriers to trade, and 

to promote sector competitiveness. Support will also be provided to both national governments 

and to the Economic Community of Western Africa (ECOWAS) to establish and expedite the 

implementation of Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP) 

compacts that will provide each country, and the donor community that supports it, with a 

roadmap for agricultural sector development and public policy reform. USAID will strengthen 

the analytical capacity of national governments and regional organizations to ensure that they 

develop and implement sound strategies based on identified constraints, opportunities and policy 

options. Contingency Planning and Early Warning activities in Mali will focus on providing 

market-based solutions and approaches in this food insecure country. This investment 

complements activities funded by the FY 09 Supplemental, reaching a combined total of up to 

one million direct beneficiaries. 

The critical need and expanding opportunity to shift the dynamics of hunger and pro-poor 

agricultural development in Africa have led to a concentration of USAID’s recent food security 

programming funds to that region. To provide a foundation for increased emphasis on the 

growing food insecurity elsewhere, the 2009 food security appropriation will begin to expand 

targeted programs in other regions to lay a foundation for potential expansion in FY 2010. In 

South Asia, where 40 percent of the world’s poor live and subsist on less than $1.25 US per day, 

the challenge lies in both improving agriculture productivity of key food staples and alleviating 

roadblocks that impede distribution and trade of agricultural commodities. USAID will invest 

$1.55 million of FY09 food security funds specifically in South Asia and the Middle East to 

support two key actions that stimulate staple food production and promote sustainable 

agriculture resource management. 

In South Asia, USAID will support the Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA), led by 

the International Rice Research Institute (a center of the Consultative Group on International 

Agricultural Research, CGIAR) with additional support from the Bill & Melinda Gates 

Foundation. Through improved crop varieties, production practices and market access, this 

initiative aims to stimulate production of an additional five million tons of grain annually and 

increase the yearly incomes of six million poor rural households by at least $350 each. The 

Middle East Water and Livelihoods Initiative will develop and demonstrate integrated water and 

land–use management strategies in target watersheds to reverse current trends of overuse of 

scarce water resources, land degradation, and water quality deterioration, thereby increasing 

agricultural productivity and improving rural livelihoods. 

5 
Local and Regional Procurement

Local and regional procurement, when used in the appropriate contexts, can significantly reduce 

the time and cost of humanitarian aid efforts.3

 At the same time, it can serve to strengthen and 

expand commercial market linkages, and stimulate an appropriate production response among 

developing country farmers. With the FY 09 supplemental funds provided last fall, this flexible 

resource has increased the USG’s ability to respond with humanitarian interventions that are 

timely, appropriate to specific needs, and contribute to long-term local and regional solutions to 

hunger. In Pakistan, our ability to procure locally enabled the USG to respond immediately to 

the food needs of people displaced by violence, before an expedited procurement of USG 

commodities could arrive. Procurements in East Africa met unanticipated increased need—in 

Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia. With FY 09 supplemental funds, local and regional procurements 

have supported programming to feed nearly 13 million people. We will expand upon these 

results this year with the funds appropriated for food security in the FY 09 Omnibus. 

USAID will program $20 million of FY09 food security funds for procurement of food in 

local and regional markets. The funds will support integrated USG food security efforts and 

will complement both P.L. 480 Title II and International Disaster Accounts (IDA) activities. To 

the extent global needs permit, these procurements will be utilized to support emergency and 

relief programs in Eastern and Southern Africa. Depending on the context and need, these 

procurements may range from micro-level, which include cash transfers and voucher programs 

as safety nets, to larger scale emergency procurements such as those administered by the World 

Food Program (WFP) through established commercial traders. 

In addition to this support for direct procurements, USAID will continue activities initiated under 

the 2008 response to strengthen staple market systems in Eastern Africa and expand to Southern 

Africa to further facilitate local and regional procurements and promote greater smallholder and 

pastoralist participation in those markets. USAID will program $10 million to strengthen 

local and regional market development in six countries of Eastern and Southern Africa 

(including Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia). Program activities will include improving 

the quantity and quality of staple crops produced; post-harvest handling, transportation and 

storage; as well as processing and other value-adding efforts. Private sector partners at all stages 

of the value chains for selected staple crops (maize, beans and pulses, cassava and other root 

crops) are being catalyzed to provide services such as market information, bulking, storage, 

warehouse receipt systems, and finance that will make markets work for smallholders across the 

region. Post-harvest handling and storage activity in Rwanda will be scaled up to significantly 

reduce post-harvest losses for producers and cooperatives. In pastoralist areas, such as northern 

Kenya and parts of Ethiopia, interventions aim to improve herd quality and health, strengthen 

market access and value added, and improve livestock value chain management practices. In 

Kenya, Zambia, Ethiopia and Uganda, smallholder access to nascent commodity exchanges and 

warehouse systems will be increased. Improved access to financial services will provide 

smallholders and traders with the capital to engage in economic opportunities and undertake the 

modernization necessary to become competitive. 

Careful and robust monitoring programs are being put in place that will provide the Agency and 

the broader development community with information on the efficacy and impact of USAID’s 

local and regional procurement efforts. 

 

3

 GAO 09-570, May 2009. 

6 
Improving Maternal and Child Nutrition through Agricultural Approaches 

Malnutrition contributes to half of all child deaths in developing countries. Poor women and 

children are the first to become malnourished and the most likely to suffer severe consequences. 

In the case of children under two, there are long term ramifications: physical and intellectual 

losses that can never be corrected. The use of agricultural and food-based approaches are 

remarkably underutilized as strategies for improving nutrition among the world’s poor and 

undernourished. 

Agriculture-based programs can be used to increase the availability of, access to, and utilization 

of nutritious foods to improve the nutritional status of vulnerable populations, including children 

and women. USAID will use $3.1 million of FY09 food security funds to identify and 

administer best practices in achieving improved nutrition outcomes through investments in 

agriculture-led strategies, agricultural and food system policies, and integrated human 

health and food-based nutrition programming. 

Starting in a limited number of countries, activities will include: 1) supporting national food 

consumption and nutrition surveys; 2) building host country institutional capacity to include 

food-based approaches in their nutrition agenda; 3) scaling up proven strategies to reduce 

macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies in pregnant/lactating women, young children and 

other vulnerable populations; and 4) supporting efforts to develop and deploy new, biofortified 

varieties of staple food crops (rice, wheat, maize, cassava, sweet potato and beans) that have 

higher levels of micronutrients. Activities will be concentrated in select Sub-Saharan African 

and South Asia countries. It is expected that the activity will assist women’s agricultural 

organizations; build capacity in host country institutions dealing with nutrition; form publicprivate partnerships; and train farmers, extension agents, nutrition advocates and scientists. 

Increasing Impact through Research, and Technology Development 

Current and future food security programming investments require ongoing technical analysis to 

provide data-based decision making tools to target investments priorities and design both global 

and country-based strategies. USAID will dedicate $900,000 of FY09 food security funds to a 

global analysis that will inform the Agency’s geographic prioritization and design of needsbased interventions for agricultural growth-led food security. USAID will identify the most 

effective agricultural development interventions and cost analysis for targeted countries. 

Important research will sharpen the targeting for better distributional outcomes of growth and 

poverty reduction. Topic areas may include staple and select high value food market patterns 

and developments; input availability, subsides and use; and production response to trade policies. 

The long-term research agenda of the CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural 

Research) system has made valuable contributions in the form of improved agricultural 

technologies and practices that have reduced hunger and improved resource management 

worldwide. USAID will continue its support to the CGIAR, fulfilling its $29 million 

commitment to research programs in FY09. Of this amount, $1.5 million of food securitytargeted funds will support research and analysis programs by the International Food 

Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) to guide investment strategies for agricultural 

development and poverty reduction. IFPRI will produce strategic studies that guide global 

efforts to mobilize technology and improve policy in critical areas such as nutrition, household 

7 
resilience to climate and economic shocks, and enhanced gender-related food security and 

poverty outcomes. The USG, developing country governments, and other donors benefit from 

IFPRI’s research, analysis and recommendations when designing new programs in agriculture 

and related natural resource issues, food security, and nutrition. The analysis IFPRI produces 

with U.S. support will provide a foundation for building a multilateral and common 

understanding of the problems and potential priorities for action. Such partnerships with host 

governments, multilateral organizations, and other donors will be a central approach to the new 

food security strategy. 

In order to buttress the productivity and food staple market and trade development activities in 

the Africa region, USAID will invest $1 million of FY09 food security funds on continentwide value chain analyses in Africa. These will include a study of the rice value chain in order 

to identify the constraints to and opportunities for expanding production and incomes derived 

from this important staple food crop. A continent-wide study of the fertilizer value chain will 

explore a range of issues including areas with high potential for market development, impact of 

government subsidies, and strategies for improving fertilizer uptake, utilization and 

effectiveness. 

Although the largest numbers of the world’s hungry reside in Asia, this region has been underrepresented in USAID’s agricultural development programming for almost two decades. In 

order to re-establish an effective strategy in this region, USAID will invest $450,000 of FY09 

food security funds to undertake the analysis necessary to identify the priorities, 

opportunities and challenges to achieving food security in Asia. The robust, multidimensional 

analysis aims not only to generate knowledge, but to also develop alliances for advancing a food 

security agenda in South Asia. The analysis will address the following areas: 1) poverty, 

nutrition and health; 2) policy and governance; 3) environmental practices and production 

technologies; 4) markets and trade institutions; 5) national agricultural research; and 6) capacity 

for knowledge generation, dissemination and management. 

Appropriate use of fertilizer is critical to increasing agricultural productivity. There has been 

little innovation in the development of new fertilizer products or practices in the last several 

decades. USAID will help address the specific needs of small holder farmers to develop the next 

generation of fertilizer products and practices that make better use of scarce resources, reduce 

greenhouse emissions, reduce nitrogen run-off into waterways, and improve the use of land and 

labor resources. USAID will invest $2 million of FY09 food security funds to seed a new 

alliance of public and private partners to support development of a new generation of 

fertilizer innovations aimed at small producers in developing countries. This is in addition 

to significant USAID investments in promoting reform to ensure expanded access to fertilizers 

and applied soil fertility management practices. 

In FY09, USAID will direct $7 million of FY09 food security funds to develop biotechnology 

crops that serve the needs of small farmers. This investment is aimed at improving the 

productivity of important food crops and enhancing smallholder farmer incomes. USAID has 

been a leader in enabling developing countries to make informed decisions about biotechnology 

and broaden access to this technology. Specifically, USAID will support the development of 

bioengineered crops that are resistant to devastating diseases and pests, are stress tolerant, and 

that require less fertilizer. Through partnerships between developing country institutions, U.S. 

universities, research institutions and private companies, USAID will use the FY09 funds to 

support the development of improved staple food crops that are important for poor farmers and 

8 
consumers in Africa and Asia. These include insect-resistant cowpea in West Africa; insect 

resistant eggplant for India, Bangladesh and the Philippines; disease resistant potato for India and 

Bangladesh; disease resistant banana for Uganda; and disease resistant cassava for East and West 

Africa. USAID is also partnering with the private sector in Uganda, Burkina Faso, Ghana and 

Nigeria to develop rice varieties that are tolerant of saline soils and able to grow with less 

fertilizer. 

To ensure the safe and effective use of bioengineered crops, USAID assists countries to put in 

place sound environmental and food safety regulations and decision-making procedures. 

Programs in Uganda, Malawi, Nigeria, Kenya, Bangladesh, India, the Philippines, East Africa 

and West Africa are providing the technical support and building the regulatory expertise 

necessary to ensure that the biosafety regulatory policies and practices are in place, and 

regulators are trained. Demonstrable progress in facilitating the assessment of risks and benefits 

of bioengineered crops is evident by the passage of comprehensive legislation and regulations 

and by approval of field trials in many of these countries, along with commercial approval of 

bioengineered crops in Burkina Faso, India, and the Philippines. This includes field trials of 

several improved crops, including cassava, cowpea, and banana, which were developed by the 

public sector and by public-private partnerships. 

EXPANDING THE WORKFORCE TO MEET THE CHALLENGE

To accomplish this ambitious agenda, USAID must renew its technical leadership and expand 

agriculture technical staff in field Missions and in Washington. The Development Leadership 

Initiative (DLI) was started in 2008 to expand the Agency’s professional workforce. Under the 

DLI, the Agency has a target of hiring 95 agricultural development officers by 2012. Since the 

start of recruitment last September, USAID has hired four new Junior Agriculture Officers, with 

an additional 16 in the pipeline. In addition, the Agency has initiated a process for hiring at least 

13 mid-level officers this year who will have the immediate experience to advise, engage, and 

design programs in our most challenging contexts. 

USAID is aggressively pursing additional means to provide technical support to this priority 

area. Both the Office of Agriculture and the Africa Bureau have added surge rosters of recently 

retired USAID Foreign Service Officers and other development professionals who can be 

brought on board quickly for short and medium term assignments as needed. The Agency is also 

dramatically expanding training, tools and knowledge management practices in agriculture, 

poverty reduction, gender and nutrition to ensure that our staff serving in the field has access to 

the best ideas and applicable resources. Finally, it is clear there is great potential to tap into 

significant levels of capacity among our partners, particularly among non-governmental 

organizations and universities, to provide technical advice and implementation of this expanded 

agenda. USAID is committed to providing the mechanisms to diversify and expand the number 

of such partnerships. 

LOOKING FORWARD

The funding for agricultural development and food security in 2008 and 2009 provides a 

foundation for a new strategy and expanded efforts that will re-establish U.S. leadership in this 

critical arena. The rapid ramp-up of activity in response to the food crisis last year demonstrates 

the capacity within USAID and among our partners to respond quickly and effectively with a 

9 
significantly expanded level of effort. The experience of this recent targeted agricultural effort, 

and the critical examination of the distribution and causes of food insecurity have played 

important roles in shaping a new food security strategy under development by the State 

Department within an inter-agency, whole of government process. This strategy will expand the 

effort globally, to include a targeted number of countries and sub-regions in Latin America and 

Asia. It will serve as a foundation for building a broader whole-of-government approach, 

aligning complementary development resources of other agencies around a common strategy. It 

will also form the basis of a significant effort in international outreach to rally investments, 

expertise, and partnerships with the host country governments, other donors, and multilateral 

institutions necessary to deliver on the ambitious goals of reducing hunger and poverty. 

10 
11 

APPENDIX 1 

FY 2009 FOOD SECURITY FUNDS 

BY OPERATING UNIT

COUNTRY/OPERATING UNIT 

FY 2009 

Food Security 

Funds (653a) 

Comment 

Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture, 

and Trade (EGAT) 15,000,000

Global Food Security Analysis 900,000

Agricultural and Targeted Nutrition 

Approaches

3,100,000

CGIAR R&D 1,500,000

Biotech 7,000,000

Africa Regional 3,062,000

Kenya 2,000,000

Rwanda 2,000,000

Uganda 2,000,000

Zambia 2,000,000

East Africa Regional 2,000,000

West Africa Regional 8,688,000 Includes $4 million for 

Niger. 

Ghana 3,500,000

Mali 4,750,000

Nigeria 5,000,000

Senegal 5,000,000

ASIA/Middle East Bureau 2,000,000

Bureau of Democracy, Conflict, and 

Humanitarian Assistance (DCHA) 20,000,000 For Local/Regional Procurement 

TOTALS 75,000,000